Globe At Night: Measuring Light Pollution with Human Eyes
Death Valley Nights
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But for the many people who live in cities, spotting the Big Dipper can be tough. City lights are to blame — everything from streetlights to stadium lights to garage lights. And it turns out these lights mess up a whole lot more than just our view of the galaxy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember growing up seeing stars all the time, and now I don't see 'em. There's so much light pollution from houses,” said Beth Bedford, a nature enthusiast from Willoughby, Ohio. “Auto dealers are the worst. When you just wanna go out in the summer and enjoy the summer nights and you've got all this light and there's no way to see the stars or anything and to enjoy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bedford isn’t alone in lamenting the loss of the night sky. I met her at a recently opened “dark sky park” in Geauga County, Ohio. It’s one of 12 parks certified by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Dark Sky Association\u003c/a>. Park naturalist Chris Mentrek said all of them create an oasis of dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're 32 miles from the Public Square hotdog cart, but it's already a whole different world when we look over the sky because it's just intensely dark out here,” said Mentrek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65143\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Dark-Sky-Park-021edit.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65143\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Dark-Sky-Park-021edit-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dark sky parks, with their star-filled nights and open fields, make great locations for observatories.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This monitor sits atop a green roof at Ohio's Observatory Park and tracks how dark the sky is. It's part of a worldwide science project that monitors light pollution.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This allows for prime stargazing. But Mentrek said that’s not the only benefit of having the lights switched off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it's not just that it, you know, wrecks our view of the cool stuff that we astronomers wanna study, like stars and faraway galaxies, but it can also start to kind of mess with these rhythms that nature's adapted itself to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mentrek explained that light pollution affects the health of the ecosystem and the animals living in it, including people. By turning on artificial lights 24 hours a day, people start to disrupt natural circadian rhythms of lightness and darkness that human bodies expect, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so, then hormone levels in your brain can slowly come a bit out of the balance that they were adapted to. And you can start to see human health effects,” he said. “And then, of course, there's all the other animals who are accustomed to a nice, dark night and then all of a sudden we've brought in these strange artificial lighting sources. So it can be a little bit disorienting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many animals depend upon clear, starry nights for navigation. Light pollution draws birds and fish off course; \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats/\" target=\"_blank\">bats get confused\u003c/a>; sea turtles looking for the light of the moon end up following rays from street lamps onto highways; even the South African dung beetle, which rolls its dung ball back home with help from the Milky Way, runs askew without stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if there's all these artificial lights, the poor little guys can't find their way, and they're just kind of wandering around aimlessly,” Mentrek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65144\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 358px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Scarabaeus_laticollis_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65144\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Scarabaeus_laticollis_2-358x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dung beetles need the stars to navigate as they roll their smelly treasures homeward. \" width=\"358\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dung beetles need the stars to navigate as they roll their smelly treasures homeward.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On top of that, light pollution disrupts the ability of nocturnal creatures to mate, migrate, feed, and pollinate. Species that rely on the safety of darkness to forage, for instance, will delay doing so in the glare of streetlights for fear of getting eaten themselves. Scientists are still learning how and why light pollution disrupts so many species, but there seems to be no question that behavior is being altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans, too much bright light creates hormonal havoc. It messes with the body’s production of melatonin. The World Health Organization calls shift work a \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastcancerfund.org/clear-science/radiation-chemicals-and-breast-cancer/light-at-night-and-melatonin.html\" target=\"_blank\">probable carcinogen\u003c/a>, and researchers are finding more and more \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627884/\" target=\"_blank\">evidence \u003c/a>linking light to everything from obesity to mood disorders to heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why many environmental and public health advocates are making a concerted effort to change the way we light our world. \u003ca href=\"http://dornsife.usc.edu/cf/faculty-and-staff/faculty.cfm?pid=1008246\" target=\"_blank\">Travis Longcore\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Southern California who studies the effects of light pollution on the natural world, said there are five main things people can do to limit light pollution without compromising safety or other concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, said Longcore, determine if a light is truly needed for the area. If a light is necessary, consider whether the area could be lit with a lower-intensity bulb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing to consider is direction. Shield the light so it illuminates just what you need, like a sidewalk, and avoid what Longcore calls the “quintessential barn light.” “It's just a big glare bomb,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next on his checklist is duration. Don’t keep a light on 24/7 if it doesn’t need to be. \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/bringing_back_the_night__a_fight_against_light_pollution/2681/\" target=\"_blank\">France\u003c/a> recently mandated shops turn off their lights after 1 a.m., and the country expects to save two million euros in energy costs and cut over 200,000 tons of CO2 emissions per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65121\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Visible_Light_Spectrum-USE-from-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65121 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Visible_Light_Spectrum-USE-from-wikimedia-585x360.jpg\" alt=\"The colors we see are functions of wavelengths of light. \" width=\"427\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The colors we see are functions of wavelengths of light.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His last tip is color: avoid bright white. It contains a \u003ca href=\"http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/u12l2a.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">mixture \u003c/a>of all the colors on the visible spectrum. Dim red light is best for nighttime because it has longer wavelengths with the least power to mess with circadian rhythms and affect melatonin. He said many stores sell yellow “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bulbs.com/learning/buglight.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">bug lights\u003c/a>” that would be good night lighting for humans and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Ohio’s Observatory Park, for instance, the pathways are lit up by miniature street lamps that face down and glow red. Longcore said parks like this can drive change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you love to see around a dark sky park is that people recognize the benefits this brings to the community,” he said. “As long as people are aware that there are many reasons that people are concerned about and want to see smart night lighting — that range from health to wildlife to stars — it can set up a local culture of respect for those issues and sets of behaviors that go along with it.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Big city lights may put some dazzle in the night sky, but they also cause problems for people and other creatures attuned to darkness. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443831043,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1101},"headData":{"title":"Why a Dark Sky Matters | KQED","description":"Big city lights may put some dazzle in the night sky, but they also cause problems for people and other creatures attuned to darkness. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"58653 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58653","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/12/26/why-a-dark-sky-matters/","disqusTitle":"Why a Dark Sky Matters","path":"/quest/58653/why-a-dark-sky-matters","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dark+Sky/Stream/darksky12_13_2013withfundersmp3.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dark+Sky/Stream/darksky12_13_2013withfundersmp3.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65229\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/USA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-65229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/USA.jpg\" alt=\"Night lights create a dazzling aerial view, but 24/7 lighting harms ecosystems and human health.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/USA.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/USA-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Night lights create a dazzling aerial view, but 24/7 lighting harms ecosystems and human health.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For those living in remote areas, seeing the stars is no big deal. But for the many people who live in cities, spotting the Big Dipper can be tough. City lights are to blame — everything from streetlights to stadium lights to garage lights. And it turns out these lights mess up a whole lot more than just our view of the galaxy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember growing up seeing stars all the time, and now I don't see 'em. There's so much light pollution from houses,” said Beth Bedford, a nature enthusiast from Willoughby, Ohio. “Auto dealers are the worst. When you just wanna go out in the summer and enjoy the summer nights and you've got all this light and there's no way to see the stars or anything and to enjoy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bedford isn’t alone in lamenting the loss of the night sky. I met her at a recently opened “dark sky park” in Geauga County, Ohio. It’s one of 12 parks certified by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Dark Sky Association\u003c/a>. Park naturalist Chris Mentrek said all of them create an oasis of dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're 32 miles from the Public Square hotdog cart, but it's already a whole different world when we look over the sky because it's just intensely dark out here,” said Mentrek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65143\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Dark-Sky-Park-021edit.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65143\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Dark-Sky-Park-021edit-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dark sky parks, with their star-filled nights and open fields, make great locations for observatories.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This monitor sits atop a green roof at Ohio's Observatory Park and tracks how dark the sky is. It's part of a worldwide science project that monitors light pollution.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This allows for prime stargazing. But Mentrek said that’s not the only benefit of having the lights switched off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it's not just that it, you know, wrecks our view of the cool stuff that we astronomers wanna study, like stars and faraway galaxies, but it can also start to kind of mess with these rhythms that nature's adapted itself to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mentrek explained that light pollution affects the health of the ecosystem and the animals living in it, including people. By turning on artificial lights 24 hours a day, people start to disrupt natural circadian rhythms of lightness and darkness that human bodies expect, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so, then hormone levels in your brain can slowly come a bit out of the balance that they were adapted to. And you can start to see human health effects,” he said. “And then, of course, there's all the other animals who are accustomed to a nice, dark night and then all of a sudden we've brought in these strange artificial lighting sources. So it can be a little bit disorienting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many animals depend upon clear, starry nights for navigation. Light pollution draws birds and fish off course; \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats/\" target=\"_blank\">bats get confused\u003c/a>; sea turtles looking for the light of the moon end up following rays from street lamps onto highways; even the South African dung beetle, which rolls its dung ball back home with help from the Milky Way, runs askew without stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if there's all these artificial lights, the poor little guys can't find their way, and they're just kind of wandering around aimlessly,” Mentrek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65144\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 358px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Scarabaeus_laticollis_2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65144\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Scarabaeus_laticollis_2-358x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dung beetles need the stars to navigate as they roll their smelly treasures homeward. \" width=\"358\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dung beetles need the stars to navigate as they roll their smelly treasures homeward.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On top of that, light pollution disrupts the ability of nocturnal creatures to mate, migrate, feed, and pollinate. Species that rely on the safety of darkness to forage, for instance, will delay doing so in the glare of streetlights for fear of getting eaten themselves. Scientists are still learning how and why light pollution disrupts so many species, but there seems to be no question that behavior is being altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans, too much bright light creates hormonal havoc. It messes with the body’s production of melatonin. The World Health Organization calls shift work a \u003ca href=\"http://www.breastcancerfund.org/clear-science/radiation-chemicals-and-breast-cancer/light-at-night-and-melatonin.html\" target=\"_blank\">probable carcinogen\u003c/a>, and researchers are finding more and more \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627884/\" target=\"_blank\">evidence \u003c/a>linking light to everything from obesity to mood disorders to heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why many environmental and public health advocates are making a concerted effort to change the way we light our world. \u003ca href=\"http://dornsife.usc.edu/cf/faculty-and-staff/faculty.cfm?pid=1008246\" target=\"_blank\">Travis Longcore\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Southern California who studies the effects of light pollution on the natural world, said there are five main things people can do to limit light pollution without compromising safety or other concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, said Longcore, determine if a light is truly needed for the area. If a light is necessary, consider whether the area could be lit with a lower-intensity bulb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing to consider is direction. Shield the light so it illuminates just what you need, like a sidewalk, and avoid what Longcore calls the “quintessential barn light.” “It's just a big glare bomb,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next on his checklist is duration. Don’t keep a light on 24/7 if it doesn’t need to be. \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/bringing_back_the_night__a_fight_against_light_pollution/2681/\" target=\"_blank\">France\u003c/a> recently mandated shops turn off their lights after 1 a.m., and the country expects to save two million euros in energy costs and cut over 200,000 tons of CO2 emissions per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65121\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Visible_Light_Spectrum-USE-from-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65121 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Visible_Light_Spectrum-USE-from-wikimedia-585x360.jpg\" alt=\"The colors we see are functions of wavelengths of light. \" width=\"427\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The colors we see are functions of wavelengths of light.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His last tip is color: avoid bright white. It contains a \u003ca href=\"http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/u12l2a.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">mixture \u003c/a>of all the colors on the visible spectrum. Dim red light is best for nighttime because it has longer wavelengths with the least power to mess with circadian rhythms and affect melatonin. He said many stores sell yellow “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bulbs.com/learning/buglight.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">bug lights\u003c/a>” that would be good night lighting for humans and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Ohio’s Observatory Park, for instance, the pathways are lit up by miniature street lamps that face down and glow red. Longcore said parks like this can drive change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you love to see around a dark sky park is that people recognize the benefits this brings to the community,” he said. “As long as people are aware that there are many reasons that people are concerned about and want to see smart night lighting — that range from health to wildlife to stars — it can set up a local culture of respect for those issues and sets of behaviors that go along with it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58653/why-a-dark-sky-matters","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_11765","quest_9","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12525","quest_12269","quest_12526","quest_1661","quest_10429","quest_12524"],"featImg":"quest_65229","label":"quest"},"quest_15631":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15631","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15631","score":null,"sort":[1310400775000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"everything-is-illuminated-all-the-time","title":"Everything is Illuminated, All the Time","publishDate":1310400775,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/earthatnight.jpg\">\u003cem>The earth at night as viewed from a space, in a composite image from \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is not as dark as it used to be. Streetlights, parking lot security lights, office building lights, and neon signs shine all through the night. Light pollution can come directly from light bulbs, or it can bounce off of dust and water droplets in the air, creating a bright haze called skyglow. This 24-7 illumination can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_earth_night.html\">seen from space\u003c/a>, and it has negative effects on humans and wildlife. But there are ways to dim the lights and reduce their effects—and save energy in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have long aware of the problems associated with nighttime illumination—it makes stars disappear. Big telescopes are built away from big cities for this reason, although \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/us/20whipple.html\">bright lights have a way of encroaching\u003c/a>. QUEST blogger Ben Burress talks about light pollution and astronomy \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/07/06/dark-secrets/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2009/01/16/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes/\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-astronomers are affected by nighttime lighting, too; exposure to light at night affects our circadian rhythm, the 24-hour cycle deep inside our bodies. Seeing light at night can cause sleep disorders. And long-term exposure to light at night has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/avoid-breast-cancer-sleep-in-the-dark-404522.html\">linked to breast cancer\u003c/a>, because light inhibits the production of melatonin, which slows the growth of cancer cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exposure to light affects animals, too. Anyone who has sat next to a porch light on a summer evening knows that moths are drawn to light—along with a multitude of other insects. Outdoor lights disturb insects’ nighttime navigation, and affect their feeding and mating. \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">Lizards are often found feeding\u003c/a> on the tasty insect snacks that gather around lights. Often, these lizards are not normally nocturnal—staying up at night gives them access to a “night-light niche” and an abundant food source. It also creates the opportunity for interactions between animals that would never meet in the dark conditions of previous centuries. Some lizards get a double benefit, basking in the warmth given off by artificial lights (incandescent lights are really inefficient; most of the energy they use goes to producing heat, not light). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Night lights make birds sing at odd hours, and mess with their mating and migration schedules. During migration, birds are drawn to the light from tall buildings and towers, resulting in deadly collisions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea turtles are perhaps the most famous example of animals affected by light. Hatchlings swim towards the light—historically the horizon above the ocean. But now that beaches are backed by well-lit condos and hotels, baby turtles crawl further onshore instead of out to sea. There is evidence that sea turtles are drawn to light with short wavelengths, and using bulbs with longer wavelengths or using filters that cut out short light wavelengths reduces the number of baby turtles crawling in the wrong direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simple fixes, like different bulbs or shades that focus light on the ground, can do a lot to re-darken the night sky, as does turning off unnecessary lighting. Dimmer, more efficient bulbs that provide enough light for human needs—but not too much—are a step in the right direction, and can save on energy costs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=669&Itemid=110\">Dark sky conservation\u003c/a> and stricter lighting ordinances will help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised by the negative health effects of exposure to nighttime lighting—something to keep in mind as I work late into the night, basking like a lizard in the glow of my computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The world is not as dark as it used to be. Light pollution can come directly from light bulbs, or it can bounce off of dust and water droplets in the air, creating a bright haze called skyglow. But there are ways to dim the lights and reduce their effects—and save energy in the process.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1310604789,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":585},"headData":{"title":"Everything is Illuminated, All the Time | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"15631 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=15631","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/11/everything-is-illuminated-all-the-time/","disqusTitle":"Everything is Illuminated, All the Time","path":"/quest/15631/everything-is-illuminated-all-the-time","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/earthatnight.jpg\">\u003cem>The earth at night as viewed from a space, in a composite image from \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is not as dark as it used to be. Streetlights, parking lot security lights, office building lights, and neon signs shine all through the night. Light pollution can come directly from light bulbs, or it can bounce off of dust and water droplets in the air, creating a bright haze called skyglow. This 24-7 illumination can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_earth_night.html\">seen from space\u003c/a>, and it has negative effects on humans and wildlife. But there are ways to dim the lights and reduce their effects—and save energy in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have long aware of the problems associated with nighttime illumination—it makes stars disappear. Big telescopes are built away from big cities for this reason, although \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/us/20whipple.html\">bright lights have a way of encroaching\u003c/a>. QUEST blogger Ben Burress talks about light pollution and astronomy \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/07/06/dark-secrets/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2009/01/16/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes/\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-astronomers are affected by nighttime lighting, too; exposure to light at night affects our circadian rhythm, the 24-hour cycle deep inside our bodies. Seeing light at night can cause sleep disorders. And long-term exposure to light at night has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/avoid-breast-cancer-sleep-in-the-dark-404522.html\">linked to breast cancer\u003c/a>, because light inhibits the production of melatonin, which slows the growth of cancer cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exposure to light affects animals, too. Anyone who has sat next to a porch light on a summer evening knows that moths are drawn to light—along with a multitude of other insects. Outdoor lights disturb insects’ nighttime navigation, and affect their feeding and mating. \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">Lizards are often found feeding\u003c/a> on the tasty insect snacks that gather around lights. Often, these lizards are not normally nocturnal—staying up at night gives them access to a “night-light niche” and an abundant food source. It also creates the opportunity for interactions between animals that would never meet in the dark conditions of previous centuries. Some lizards get a double benefit, basking in the warmth given off by artificial lights (incandescent lights are really inefficient; most of the energy they use goes to producing heat, not light). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Night lights make birds sing at odd hours, and mess with their mating and migration schedules. During migration, birds are drawn to the light from tall buildings and towers, resulting in deadly collisions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea turtles are perhaps the most famous example of animals affected by light. Hatchlings swim towards the light—historically the horizon above the ocean. But now that beaches are backed by well-lit condos and hotels, baby turtles crawl further onshore instead of out to sea. There is evidence that sea turtles are drawn to light with short wavelengths, and using bulbs with longer wavelengths or using filters that cut out short light wavelengths reduces the number of baby turtles crawling in the wrong direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simple fixes, like different bulbs or shades that focus light on the ground, can do a lot to re-darken the night sky, as does turning off unnecessary lighting. Dimmer, more efficient bulbs that provide enough light for human needs—but not too much—are a step in the right direction, and can save on energy costs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=669&Itemid=110\">Dark sky conservation\u003c/a> and stricter lighting ordinances will help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised by the negative health effects of exposure to nighttime lighting—something to keep in mind as I work late into the night, basking like a lizard in the glow of my computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15631/everything-is-illuminated-all-the-time","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_9"],"tags":["quest_385","quest_475","quest_921","quest_1657","quest_1659","quest_1661","quest_3684"],"featImg":"quest_15634","label":"quest"},"quest_10147":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10147","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10147","score":null,"sort":[1288973164000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"every-little-bit-counts","title":"Every Little Bit Counts","publishDate":1288973164,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/lro-moon.jpg\">\u003cem>Counting craters on a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter image \u003cbr>of the Moon's surface. NASA/LRO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever been out on a clear, lazy night and tried to count the stars--or the kind that fall from the sky during a meteor shower? How about craters on the Moon, or distant galaxies in deep space?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you like this kind of work, there is a job for you! Several, in fact…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this day of the Internet and electronic databases, our ability to store, process, share, and, yes, be overwhelmed by information is greater than ever before. In fact, our ability to analyze data is only outmatched by our capacity to acquire it—which offers some pleasing challenges: buried in the riches of data of our Universe that we are piling up around us, there is plenty of opportunity for just about anyone to grab a shovel and dig in, sharing in the adventure of exploration of the Universe around us!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, that was the sales pitch, here are some details. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Count some stars! Subject: stars visible to the naked eye; what's being investigated: the impact of urban \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/mc/page.do?sitePageId=118976&orgId=idsa\">light pollution \u003c/a>on our access to the simple wonders of the night sky. Every year, Windows to the Universe conducts the Great Worldwide Star Count citizen science project, enabling anyone who can look up at the night sky and count some of the stars there to participate in real science. We're already into the Count, which runs this year from October 31st through November 12th. For details on how to participate, \u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/citizen_science/starcount/index.html\">check out their website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the Great Worldwide Star Count are presented in a global map showing the \"limiting magnitude\" from thousands of locations where citizen scientists observed. The limiting magnitude is a measure of brightness of the faintest star that can be seen from a given location. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How about craters on the Moon? Looking at the Moon through a small telescope, you can count some of the largest craters—those that are typically at least a mile or so across. By virtue of the powerful LROC camera on \u003ca href=\"http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter \u003c/a>(LRO), the surface of the Moon is rabidly being photographed to a level of detail that reveals craters as small as a foot and a half across! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craters are a fantastically rich source of information regarding the history of our solar system, each one a record of a single meteoroid impact which, when examined in context with all the rest, allows scientists to forensically piece together the puzzle of the formation of the Moon and our region of the solar system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are estimated to be at least 300,000 lunar craters with diameters of about half a mile or greater on the side of the Moon facing the Earth, smaller craters are estimated into the millions, and microcraters are most likely uncountably common. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means science needs your help! And you can give it, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.moonzoo.org/\">Moon Zoo\u003c/a>. Log onto the Moon Zoo website, register yourself as an official lunar explorer, and have at it, friend. Examining LRO images of the Moon's surface, you will count and classify craters and boulders, and mark unusual and interesting lunar features, as you explore. There are so many images that have been acquired by LRO that in many cases you will be the first person ever to lay eyes on the particular patches of the Moon you examine—you might even run across something remarkable, like a derelict lunar robot from the 1960s (it's happened!). Best of all, your work will count, your data feeding into a growing database from Moon Zoo explorers all over the world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sibling site to Moon Zoo—\u003ca href=\"http://www.galaxyzoo.org/\">Galaxy Zoo\u003c/a>—lets you examine and classify galaxies imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope. And since there are millions upon millions of unclassified galaxies that have been caught in Hubble's telescopic net, you'll be covering unexplored territories of space and contributing to our planet's understanding of the Universe….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of work to do out there, and the glittering treasure trove of data just keeps getting larger and larger—so get to work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ever tried to count the stars in the sky on some clear, lazy night, or the kind that fall from the sky during a meteor shower? How about craters on the Moon, or distant galaxies in deep space? If you like this kind of work, there is a job for you! Several, in fact….","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371075721,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":709},"headData":{"title":"Every Little Bit Counts | KQED","description":"Ever tried to count the stars in the sky on some clear, lazy night, or the kind that fall from the sky during a meteor shower? How about craters on the Moon, or distant galaxies in deep space? If you like this kind of work, there is a job for you! Several, in fact….","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"10147 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10147","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/05/every-little-bit-counts/","disqusTitle":"Every Little Bit Counts","path":"/quest/10147/every-little-bit-counts","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/lro-moon.jpg\">\u003cem>Counting craters on a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter image \u003cbr>of the Moon's surface. NASA/LRO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever been out on a clear, lazy night and tried to count the stars--or the kind that fall from the sky during a meteor shower? How about craters on the Moon, or distant galaxies in deep space?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you like this kind of work, there is a job for you! Several, in fact…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this day of the Internet and electronic databases, our ability to store, process, share, and, yes, be overwhelmed by information is greater than ever before. In fact, our ability to analyze data is only outmatched by our capacity to acquire it—which offers some pleasing challenges: buried in the riches of data of our Universe that we are piling up around us, there is plenty of opportunity for just about anyone to grab a shovel and dig in, sharing in the adventure of exploration of the Universe around us!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, that was the sales pitch, here are some details. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Count some stars! Subject: stars visible to the naked eye; what's being investigated: the impact of urban \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/mc/page.do?sitePageId=118976&orgId=idsa\">light pollution \u003c/a>on our access to the simple wonders of the night sky. Every year, Windows to the Universe conducts the Great Worldwide Star Count citizen science project, enabling anyone who can look up at the night sky and count some of the stars there to participate in real science. We're already into the Count, which runs this year from October 31st through November 12th. For details on how to participate, \u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/citizen_science/starcount/index.html\">check out their website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the Great Worldwide Star Count are presented in a global map showing the \"limiting magnitude\" from thousands of locations where citizen scientists observed. The limiting magnitude is a measure of brightness of the faintest star that can be seen from a given location. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How about craters on the Moon? Looking at the Moon through a small telescope, you can count some of the largest craters—those that are typically at least a mile or so across. By virtue of the powerful LROC camera on \u003ca href=\"http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter \u003c/a>(LRO), the surface of the Moon is rabidly being photographed to a level of detail that reveals craters as small as a foot and a half across! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craters are a fantastically rich source of information regarding the history of our solar system, each one a record of a single meteoroid impact which, when examined in context with all the rest, allows scientists to forensically piece together the puzzle of the formation of the Moon and our region of the solar system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are estimated to be at least 300,000 lunar craters with diameters of about half a mile or greater on the side of the Moon facing the Earth, smaller craters are estimated into the millions, and microcraters are most likely uncountably common. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means science needs your help! And you can give it, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.moonzoo.org/\">Moon Zoo\u003c/a>. Log onto the Moon Zoo website, register yourself as an official lunar explorer, and have at it, friend. Examining LRO images of the Moon's surface, you will count and classify craters and boulders, and mark unusual and interesting lunar features, as you explore. There are so many images that have been acquired by LRO that in many cases you will be the first person ever to lay eyes on the particular patches of the Moon you examine—you might even run across something remarkable, like a derelict lunar robot from the 1960s (it's happened!). Best of all, your work will count, your data feeding into a growing database from Moon Zoo explorers all over the world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sibling site to Moon Zoo—\u003ca href=\"http://www.galaxyzoo.org/\">Galaxy Zoo\u003c/a>—lets you examine and classify galaxies imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope. And since there are millions upon millions of unclassified galaxies that have been caught in Hubble's telescopic net, you'll be covering unexplored territories of space and contributing to our planet's understanding of the Universe….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of work to do out there, and the glittering treasure trove of data just keeps getting larger and larger—so get to work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10147/every-little-bit-counts","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_13192","quest_712","quest_722","quest_1163","quest_1405","quest_1661","quest_1694","quest_1695","quest_1870","quest_1918","quest_2739","quest_2775","quest_2891","quest_3220"],"label":"quest"},"quest_1134":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_1134","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"1134","score":null,"sort":[1232134361000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes","title":"Globe At Night: Measuring Light Pollution with Human Eyes","publishDate":1232134361,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark your calendars for March 16 through 28. Don't ask why, yet. Now, read on....\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/01/earthnight5.jpg\">\u003cem>Composite image showing centers of urban light emission\u003cbr>Credit: NASA\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Want a chance to do some \"citizen\" science, contribute to an international investigation, and have some fun to boot? An opportunity is coming up in March: \u003cem>Globe At Night. \u003c/em>All you need is your eyes....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is summed up in two words: light pollution. A good deal of light produced by human civilization--streetlights, porch lights, shopping malls, security lighting, night time work lights, store fronts, parking lot lights, billboards, neon signs, the list is lengthy--shines or reflects upward into the atmosphere, there scattering off of suspended particles, like dust grains, water droplets, ice crystals and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scattered light shines back down from the sky, and we see it as a dull nocturnal glow, sometime faint, and sometimes quite pronounced. The amount of scattering particles in the air has an effect on the brightness of the night sky, but the root of the matter is the amount of light sources whose light escapes upward. The closer you are to the heart of an urban area, the more light pollution you will be subjected to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what? What's so harmful about that sky glow? Sometimes it can even look kind of pretty....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, the fact is, if you've never seen a clear night sky far from sources of major light pollution, you may not appreciate what you're missing: the sight of a clear and dark night sky in which you can literally see thousands of stars. And if you \u003cem>have\u003c/em> seen a pristinely dark night sky before, think about the fact that, in 2008, half the population of the Earth was living in cities, many of whom may never have been out of their urban worlds, and for whom the night sky is naturally a dull version of day with a handful of washed out stars above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also \u003ca href=\"http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2009/117-1/focus-abs.html\">effects of light pollution on wildlife\u003c/a> that include disturbance of day/night sleep cycles, less cover of darkness from predators, and even effects on plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Globe At Night\u003c/em> is a program that's been going on for a few years now whose aim is to measure and monitor the varying levels of light pollution around the world by using individual people as the instruments of measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's pretty simple to participate in. The idea is that the brighter the light pollution is in any given location, the few stars you can see. The faintest stars quickly become drowned out in the sky glow, leaving only the brighter ones for your eyes to pick out. All you have to do is go outside on one or more nights in the last half of March, find the constellation Orion (which is pretty easy to find, even in a city), and count the number of stars you see there. Then, report your count through the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.globe.gov/GaN/\">Globe At Night\u003c/a>\u003c/em> website, where you'll also be able to see the observations of everyone else around the world, as well as find full instructions for participating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, calendars marked? Know where Orion is? Have a sweater handy? You're all set....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Want a chance to do some \"citizen\" science, contribute to an international investigation, and have some fun to boot? An opportunity is coming up in March: Globe At Night. All you need is your eyes....","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371079399,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":544},"headData":{"title":"Globe At Night: Measuring Light Pollution with Human Eyes | KQED","description":"Want a chance to do some "citizen" science, contribute to an international investigation, and have some fun to boot? An opportunity is coming up in March: Globe At Night. All you need is your eyes....","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"1134 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=1134","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/01/16/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes/","disqusTitle":"Globe At Night: Measuring Light Pollution with Human Eyes","path":"/quest/1134/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark your calendars for March 16 through 28. Don't ask why, yet. Now, read on....\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/01/earthnight5.jpg\">\u003cem>Composite image showing centers of urban light emission\u003cbr>Credit: NASA\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Want a chance to do some \"citizen\" science, contribute to an international investigation, and have some fun to boot? An opportunity is coming up in March: \u003cem>Globe At Night. \u003c/em>All you need is your eyes....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is summed up in two words: light pollution. A good deal of light produced by human civilization--streetlights, porch lights, shopping malls, security lighting, night time work lights, store fronts, parking lot lights, billboards, neon signs, the list is lengthy--shines or reflects upward into the atmosphere, there scattering off of suspended particles, like dust grains, water droplets, ice crystals and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scattered light shines back down from the sky, and we see it as a dull nocturnal glow, sometime faint, and sometimes quite pronounced. The amount of scattering particles in the air has an effect on the brightness of the night sky, but the root of the matter is the amount of light sources whose light escapes upward. The closer you are to the heart of an urban area, the more light pollution you will be subjected to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what? What's so harmful about that sky glow? Sometimes it can even look kind of pretty....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, the fact is, if you've never seen a clear night sky far from sources of major light pollution, you may not appreciate what you're missing: the sight of a clear and dark night sky in which you can literally see thousands of stars. And if you \u003cem>have\u003c/em> seen a pristinely dark night sky before, think about the fact that, in 2008, half the population of the Earth was living in cities, many of whom may never have been out of their urban worlds, and for whom the night sky is naturally a dull version of day with a handful of washed out stars above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also \u003ca href=\"http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2009/117-1/focus-abs.html\">effects of light pollution on wildlife\u003c/a> that include disturbance of day/night sleep cycles, less cover of darkness from predators, and even effects on plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Globe At Night\u003c/em> is a program that's been going on for a few years now whose aim is to measure and monitor the varying levels of light pollution around the world by using individual people as the instruments of measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's pretty simple to participate in. The idea is that the brighter the light pollution is in any given location, the few stars you can see. The faintest stars quickly become drowned out in the sky glow, leaving only the brighter ones for your eyes to pick out. All you have to do is go outside on one or more nights in the last half of March, find the constellation Orion (which is pretty easy to find, even in a city), and count the number of stars you see there. Then, report your count through the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.globe.gov/GaN/\">Globe At Night\u003c/a>\u003c/em> website, where you'll also be able to see the observations of everyone else around the world, as well as find full instructions for participating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, calendars marked? Know where Orion is? Have a sweater handy? You're all set....\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/1134/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_609","quest_1225","quest_1661","quest_1994","quest_2651","quest_2739","quest_2780"],"label":"quest"},"quest_340":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_340","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"340","score":null,"sort":[1199493588000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"death-valley-nights","title":"Death Valley Nights","publishDate":1199493588,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's nothing like a trip away from the city lights to remind you just how bad light pollution can be here in the Bay Area. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_death_valley_night.jpg\">\u003cem>The Milky Way in the skies of Death Valley's\u003cbr>\nDevil's Racetrack. Credit: Dan Duriscoe, U.S. National\u003cbr>\nPark Service\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I just got back from my semi-yearly pilgrimage to my favorite spot on Earth: Death Valley National Park. My main reasons for returning to this place again and again have mostly to do with hiking in the stunning natural beauty of the place, reconnecting with good times in my childhood, and reflecting spiritually on life, the Universe, and everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, I can't go to a place like that and not feel more connected with outer space. Not only is the night sky a celestial spectacle--but it's darned cold there too, this time of year! Cold, like space. Each turn of the Earth through its own shadow is like a quick dip in the icy pool of space….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After twilight had faded, after the campfire had burned to embers--and as the frigid cold of the desert winter night started seeping through my layers of clothing--I lay down on the picnic bench and raised my binoculars to my eyes...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>...and that's all I had to do. Arcing overhead was the section of the Milky Way around the constellations Cassiopeia, Perseus, Andromeda, Pegasus--a section of the sky rich in a variety of \"deep sky\" objects (objects typically only visible through binoculars or telescopes).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.darkskyimages.com/doublec.htm\">Double Cluster in Perseus\u003c/a>--a pair of \"open\" clusters of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://seds.org/messier/open.html\">Open clusters\u003c/a> are stars bound together gravitationally, still clinging to each other after their \"group infancy\" in the gaseous cloud that gave birth to them. Stars in these clusters are young--and because of their youth, open clusters often contain a number of large, bright, blue stars that shine brilliantly--but which have short life spans as stars go, being more prolific hydrogen-burners (gas guzzlers). (In a word, you can't find an old blue giant star.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can't avoid seeing open clusters in this region; the place is positively littered with them….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also where the famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.seds.org/Messier/M/m031.html\">Andromeda Galaxy\u003c/a> can be found, in the constellation Andromeda (where else?). What's special about the Andromeda Galaxy? For one, it's the closest large galaxy to our own, as well as the most distant object in the Universe that can be seen with the unaided human eye (without telescopic help). Looking at the Andromeda is like looking through a peephole into the realm beyond our Milky Way…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could go on and on yakking about what I got to see in the clear, dark Death Valley skies last week, so I'll have to stop myself now. Suffice to say that with a dark sky, a pair of binoculars, and a segment of the Milky Way in view, encountering the celestial wonders of the Universe in a very personal way is like shooting ducks in a barrel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't let the light polluted skies of the Bay Area stop you from trying it from your own backyard; there's a lot to behold despite the city lights…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_benb.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> is a staff astronomer at The \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org\">Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/a> in Oakland, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371080930,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":560},"headData":{"title":"Death Valley Nights | KQED","description":"There's nothing like a trip away from the city lights to remind you just how bad light pollution can be here in the Bay Area. The Milky Way in the skies of Death Valley's Devil's Racetrack. Credit: Dan Duriscoe, U.S. National Park ServiceI just got back from my semi-yearly pilgrimage to my favorite spot on","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"340 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/01/04/death-valley-nights/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/04/death-valley-nights/","disqusTitle":"Death Valley Nights","path":"/quest/340/death-valley-nights","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There's nothing like a trip away from the city lights to remind you just how bad light pollution can be here in the Bay Area. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/blog_death_valley_night.jpg\">\u003cem>The Milky Way in the skies of Death Valley's\u003cbr>\nDevil's Racetrack. Credit: Dan Duriscoe, U.S. National\u003cbr>\nPark Service\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I just got back from my semi-yearly pilgrimage to my favorite spot on Earth: Death Valley National Park. My main reasons for returning to this place again and again have mostly to do with hiking in the stunning natural beauty of the place, reconnecting with good times in my childhood, and reflecting spiritually on life, the Universe, and everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, I can't go to a place like that and not feel more connected with outer space. Not only is the night sky a celestial spectacle--but it's darned cold there too, this time of year! Cold, like space. Each turn of the Earth through its own shadow is like a quick dip in the icy pool of space….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After twilight had faded, after the campfire had burned to embers--and as the frigid cold of the desert winter night started seeping through my layers of clothing--I lay down on the picnic bench and raised my binoculars to my eyes...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>...and that's all I had to do. Arcing overhead was the section of the Milky Way around the constellations Cassiopeia, Perseus, Andromeda, Pegasus--a section of the sky rich in a variety of \"deep sky\" objects (objects typically only visible through binoculars or telescopes).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.darkskyimages.com/doublec.htm\">Double Cluster in Perseus\u003c/a>--a pair of \"open\" clusters of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://seds.org/messier/open.html\">Open clusters\u003c/a> are stars bound together gravitationally, still clinging to each other after their \"group infancy\" in the gaseous cloud that gave birth to them. Stars in these clusters are young--and because of their youth, open clusters often contain a number of large, bright, blue stars that shine brilliantly--but which have short life spans as stars go, being more prolific hydrogen-burners (gas guzzlers). (In a word, you can't find an old blue giant star.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can't avoid seeing open clusters in this region; the place is positively littered with them….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also where the famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.seds.org/Messier/M/m031.html\">Andromeda Galaxy\u003c/a> can be found, in the constellation Andromeda (where else?). What's special about the Andromeda Galaxy? For one, it's the closest large galaxy to our own, as well as the most distant object in the Universe that can be seen with the unaided human eye (without telescopic help). Looking at the Andromeda is like looking through a peephole into the realm beyond our Milky Way…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could go on and on yakking about what I got to see in the clear, dark Death Valley skies last week, so I'll have to stop myself now. Suffice to say that with a dark sky, a pair of binoculars, and a segment of the Milky Way in view, encountering the celestial wonders of the Universe in a very personal way is like shooting ducks in a barrel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't let the light polluted skies of the Bay Area stop you from trying it from your own backyard; there's a lot to behold despite the city lights…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_benb.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> is a staff astronomer at The \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org\">Chabot Space & Science Center\u003c/a> in Oakland, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/340/death-valley-nights","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_543","quest_782","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_1661","quest_2024","quest_2349","quest_2530"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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