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Follow him on \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/clasticdetritus\">Twitter\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Brian Romans | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/17c56b6efae79164ca77ee5cb5021bb1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/brian-romans"},"elizabeth-pepin":{"type":"authors","id":"10181","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10181","found":true},"name":"Elizabeth Pepin","firstName":"Elizabeth","lastName":"Pepin","slug":"elizabeth-pepin","email":"epepin@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Elizabeth Pepin is an \u003cstrong>Associate Producer on QUEST\u003c/strong>, in addition to producing her own independent documentaries. Elizabeth has more than eleven years of production experience in the Bay Area and has won four regional Emmy Awards for her documentary film work. Her numerous projects include: Coastal Clash; One Winter Story; American Family Portraits; Bay Window: Hope on the Street and The Fillmore: The Hidden Cities of San Francisco.\r),(\r),(In addition to being a filmmaker, Elizabeth is a freelance photographer and a journalist. Her first book as an author, Harlem of the West: The San Francisco Fillmore Jazz Era was published by Chronicle Books in 2006. Elizabeth's photographs have appeared in numerous museums, galleries, newspapers, websites, and magazines, and in four books on women's surfing including, Sister Surfer and Surfing: Women of the Waves. She holds a B.A. in Journalism from San Francisco State University and was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2347a20c629b8b52e84ddd7bbc88780?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Elizabeth Pepin | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2347a20c629b8b52e84ddd7bbc88780?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2347a20c629b8b52e84ddd7bbc88780?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/elizabeth-pepin"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_53213":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_53213","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"53213","score":null,"sort":[1366935583000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir","title":"Landslide at the Calaveras Reservoir","publishDate":1366935583,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Big construction projects are rarely straightforward. The new San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge is a prime example, thanks to unexpected problems with the steel. But there, at least, nature was not to blame. This week a long-running dam project made the news when a geological discovery forced the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to move millions of dollars around and push back its schedule by three years. Big excavations are like exploratory surgery, no matter how carefully planned, because mapping the underground is never certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Calaveras Reservoir dam, east of Milpitas, is a massive earthen structure built across Calaveras Creek in 1925. These traditional dam designs are generally robust—the Crystal Springs Reservoir on the Peninsula has one that easily weathered the 1906 earthquake while the fault moved beneath it. However, the Calaveras Dam needed more work. The reservoir needs to be a reliable six-month backup water supply in case the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct is out of action. And what could damage the aqueduct? Among other things, a major earthquake on the Calaveras fault, which happens to run right under the Calaveras Reservoir next to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan for meeting this dire scenario was to build a new dam just downstream of the old one. It will use the existing hills on either side of the creek as buttresses and be largely made of the rock excavated from the hills. The work was proceeding without incident until June of last year when excavators on the western buttress found signs of a huge, ancient landslide in the Temblor Formation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cutting into the hillslope under those circumstances would risk reactivating the slide, which could endanger the workers and threaten the new dam ever afterward. So now they will cut deeper to create a shallower slope, producing about a million and a half cubic yards of extra rubble and pushing the construction schedule back three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a view of the project as seen looking south from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/\">Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> in July 2012. The reservoir, its water level drawn down for safety reasons, is just visible between the two cuts making up the buttresses for the new dam. The cut on the left (the right bank of Calaveras Creek) is in bluish metamorphic rock of the Franciscan Complex, and the cut on the right is in the much younger brown sandstone of the Temblor Formation. (The chopped-up hill in the middle is downstream from the dam site; the creek runs around it on the left side.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/calaverasdam/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53214\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdam.jpg\" alt=\"Calaveras Dam project\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53214\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdam.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdam-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The hill on the right, where the landslide was discovered, is Observation Hill. Both it and the smaller hill at center are composed of Temblor Formation sandstone. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The landslide was discovered in the Temblor Formation. Here's the part of the Alameda County geologic map that covers the area. The photo above was taken from roughly the \"25\" mark at the top of the map. The solid black lines running north-south down the middle are major strands of the Calaveras fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/calaverasdamgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53215\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamgeomap.png\" alt=\"Geologic map of the Calaveras Dam area.\" width=\"600\" height=\"341\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53215\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamgeomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamgeomap-400x227.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From oldest to youngest: KJfm, Franciscan melange; Ks, sandstone of Cretaceous age; Ttem, Temblor Formation (Miocene age); Tcs, Claremont Shale (cousin of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/29/the-mighty-monterey-formation-in-your-future/\">Monterey Formation\u003c/a>); To, Oursan Sandstone; Tbr, Briones Formation.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The amended dam plan, filed with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission last December, shows an east-west cross section of the dam site. The extra digging will happen on the left side to create a slope that is less steep and more stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/calaverasdamdiagram/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53216\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamdiagram.jpg\" alt=\"From the Addendum to Environmental Impact Report (Dec. 13, 2012), San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53216\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamdiagram.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamdiagram-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From the Addendum to Environmental Impact Report (Dec. 13, 2012), San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I have to say a little about the Temblor Formation, which occurs mostly in the southern Central Valley beneath the Monterey Formation. It gets its name from the Temblor Range, where its type section was described. And the Temblor Range got its name after the great 1857 earthquake ripped through the area. It's a coarse-grained marine sandstone full of fossils, and this spot appears to be its northernmost outcrop—right next to another earthquake fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Temblor is strong stone, but landslides can affect any kind of rock if it's fractured enough. And around major faults like the Calaveras, everything can be assumed to be fractured. The mountains of the Bay Area look beautiful and strong, but watch them for a few thousand years and you'll find them rather crumbly. Alternatively, scientists with the right equipment can survey the ground with millimeter precision. In the Bay Area's steeper hills they have detected many large, old landslides that are creeping very slowly, as they have for centuries. Maybe the landslide at the dam site was just pausing for breath. Better for the Calaveras Reservoir project to get this one out of the way.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The long-running dam replacement project must pause to deal with a sleeping monster.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367424358,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":797},"headData":{"title":"Landslide at the Calaveras Reservoir | KQED","description":"The long-running dam replacement project must pause to deal with a sleeping monster.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Landslide at the Calaveras Reservoir","datePublished":"2013-04-26T00:19:43.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-01T16:05:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53213 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=53213","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/","disqusTitle":"Landslide at the Calaveras Reservoir","path":"/quest/53213/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Big construction projects are rarely straightforward. The new San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge is a prime example, thanks to unexpected problems with the steel. But there, at least, nature was not to blame. This week a long-running dam project made the news when a geological discovery forced the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to move millions of dollars around and push back its schedule by three years. Big excavations are like exploratory surgery, no matter how carefully planned, because mapping the underground is never certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Calaveras Reservoir dam, east of Milpitas, is a massive earthen structure built across Calaveras Creek in 1925. These traditional dam designs are generally robust—the Crystal Springs Reservoir on the Peninsula has one that easily weathered the 1906 earthquake while the fault moved beneath it. However, the Calaveras Dam needed more work. The reservoir needs to be a reliable six-month backup water supply in case the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct is out of action. And what could damage the aqueduct? Among other things, a major earthquake on the Calaveras fault, which happens to run right under the Calaveras Reservoir next to the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan for meeting this dire scenario was to build a new dam just downstream of the old one. It will use the existing hills on either side of the creek as buttresses and be largely made of the rock excavated from the hills. The work was proceeding without incident until June of last year when excavators on the western buttress found signs of a huge, ancient landslide in the Temblor Formation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cutting into the hillslope under those circumstances would risk reactivating the slide, which could endanger the workers and threaten the new dam ever afterward. So now they will cut deeper to create a shallower slope, producing about a million and a half cubic yards of extra rubble and pushing the construction schedule back three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a view of the project as seen looking south from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/19/geological-outings-around-the-bay-sunol-regional-wilderness/\">Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> in July 2012. The reservoir, its water level drawn down for safety reasons, is just visible between the two cuts making up the buttresses for the new dam. The cut on the left (the right bank of Calaveras Creek) is in bluish metamorphic rock of the Franciscan Complex, and the cut on the right is in the much younger brown sandstone of the Temblor Formation. (The chopped-up hill in the middle is downstream from the dam site; the creek runs around it on the left side.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/calaverasdam/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53214\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdam.jpg\" alt=\"Calaveras Dam project\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53214\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdam.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdam-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The hill on the right, where the landslide was discovered, is Observation Hill. Both it and the smaller hill at center are composed of Temblor Formation sandstone. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The landslide was discovered in the Temblor Formation. Here's the part of the Alameda County geologic map that covers the area. The photo above was taken from roughly the \"25\" mark at the top of the map. The solid black lines running north-south down the middle are major strands of the Calaveras fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/calaverasdamgeomap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53215\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamgeomap.png\" alt=\"Geologic map of the Calaveras Dam area.\" width=\"600\" height=\"341\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53215\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamgeomap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamgeomap-400x227.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From oldest to youngest: KJfm, Franciscan melange; Ks, sandstone of Cretaceous age; Ttem, Temblor Formation (Miocene age); Tcs, Claremont Shale (cousin of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/29/the-mighty-monterey-formation-in-your-future/\">Monterey Formation\u003c/a>); To, Oursan Sandstone; Tbr, Briones Formation.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The amended dam plan, filed with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission last December, shows an east-west cross section of the dam site. The extra digging will happen on the left side to create a slope that is less steep and more stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_53216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/25/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir/calaverasdamdiagram/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-53216\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamdiagram.jpg\" alt=\"From the Addendum to Environmental Impact Report (Dec. 13, 2012), San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53216\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamdiagram.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/calaverasdamdiagram-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From the Addendum to Environmental Impact Report (Dec. 13, 2012), San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I have to say a little about the Temblor Formation, which occurs mostly in the southern Central Valley beneath the Monterey Formation. It gets its name from the Temblor Range, where its type section was described. And the Temblor Range got its name after the great 1857 earthquake ripped through the area. It's a coarse-grained marine sandstone full of fossils, and this spot appears to be its northernmost outcrop—right next to another earthquake fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Temblor is strong stone, but landslides can affect any kind of rock if it's fractured enough. And around major faults like the Calaveras, everything can be assumed to be fractured. The mountains of the Bay Area look beautiful and strong, but watch them for a few thousand years and you'll find them rather crumbly. Alternatively, scientists with the right equipment can survey the ground with millimeter precision. In the Bay Area's steeper hills they have detected many large, old landslides that are creeping very slowly, as they have for centuries. Maybe the landslide at the dam site was just pausing for breath. Better for the Calaveras Reservoir project to get this one out of the way.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/53213/landslide-at-the-calaveras-reservoir","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_3492","quest_3608","quest_1608","quest_13202","quest_9979"],"featImg":"quest_53214","label":"quest"},"quest_46863":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_46863","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"46863","score":null,"sort":[1352405710000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard","title":"Earthquake Landslides: A Widespread Hazard","publishDate":1352405710,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Every kind of natural disaster has its own built-in, unavoidable threat. For storms, it's flooding as the waters rise. For drought, it's ground settling as the water table falls. And for earthquakes of all sizes, it's landslides as the hills come tumbling down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the magnitude-6 Parkfield earthquake of September 2004 occurred, witnesses in the tiny Central California town remarked that the hillsides all around erupted in clouds of landslide dust. Seven years later in Virginia, the magnitude-5.8 quake of August 23, 2011, didn't raise a lot of dust in that humid region. But thousands of rock slides occurred, mostly small ones, over a surprisingly large region. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslide specialists with the U.S. Geological Survey took it upon themselves to look closely at Virginia, just as they did in Haiti the year before. In the weeks that followed the quake, \u003ca href=\"https://profile.usgs.gov/jibson\">Randall Jibson\u003c/a> drove with Ed Harp in systematic transects away from the epicenter, checking every rocky slope and documenting each example of landslides classified as \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/naturalhazardsclimate/ig/Landslides/slide-rockfall.htm\">rockfalls\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/slide/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46864\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/slide.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"slide\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46864\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/slide.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/slide-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Geological Survey researcher Ed Harp records a small rockfall triggered by the 2011 Virginia earthquake. USGS photo by Randall Jibson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They checked the fallen rocks carefully for signs of freshness, like the ripped-up sapling in the photo above, or the presence of still-green grass underneath stones. Where the rocky slopes stopped failing, they drew a line on the map to mark the rockfall limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This simple but intensive bit of fieldwork allowed Jibson and Harp to test their model of earthquake landslides with a good set of data. The models were built on data from Western areas with lots of earthquakes, where fresh slides are not always easy to notice, but in Virginia the 2011 quake was the largest in 114 years and left clean evidence everywhere. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two researchers found fresh rockfalls four times as far away as their model predicted for a magnitude-5.8 event. Rockfalls occurred in an area 20 times as large as expected. Jibson \u003ca href=\"https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogram/Paper205161.html\">talked about their results this week\u003c/a> at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting in Charlotte, and a paper about it will appear in the \u003ci>Seismological Society of America Bulletin\u003c/i> next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/vaeqslidemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/VAEQslidemap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"VAEQslidemap\" width=\"600\" height=\"347\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/VAEQslidemap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/VAEQslidemap-400x231.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Geological Survey image\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientifically, this result made sense in two ways. First, it's already well known that earthquakes are felt much more widely in the cold, hard crust east of the Rockies. Jibson and Harp's rockfall evidence matches the human evidence—in fact, human reports of the Virginia quake show that it was felt by more Americans than any previous earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/uslandslidequakes/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46865\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/USlandslidequakes.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"USlandslidequakes\" width=\"600\" height=\"390\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46865\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/USlandslidequakes.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/USlandslidequakes-400x260.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Geological Survey image\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Second, the rockfall limit did not form a circle on the map, but an ellipse elongated along the Appalachian Mountains. That is, the regional geology, not just the basic structure of the Earth's crust, affected the pattern of shaking. Those two new pieces of knowledge will help in reassessing historical earthquakes as well as preparing for future ones in different places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slowly but surely, Americans are joining Californians in becoming earthquake-aware. The broken Washington Monument, damaged in the 2011 Virginia quake, is a peerless consciousness raiser. The growing participation in \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/\">ShakeOut programs\u003c/a> across the country is helping, too. Earthquake resistance can be engineered into our buildings and infrastructure, but landslides will never change. Speaking of which, California has its own special hazard of earthquakes related to landslides: valley fever. Jibson documented an outbreak of this disease, caused by a soil-dwelling fungus, \u003ca href=\"https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2009Apr211713254273778-Valley%20fever,%20Surveys%20in%20Geophysics.pdf\">after the 1994 Northridge earthquake\u003c/a>. Face masks might be a good addition to your earthquake kit.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Earthquakes will always produce landslides, but new knowledge will help us deal with them better.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1353013062,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":602},"headData":{"title":"Earthquake Landslides: A Widespread Hazard | KQED","description":"Earthquakes will always produce landslides, but new knowledge will help us deal with them better.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Earthquake Landslides: A Widespread Hazard","datePublished":"2012-11-08T20:15:10.000Z","dateModified":"2012-11-15T20:57:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"46863 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=46863","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/","disqusTitle":"Earthquake Landslides: A Widespread Hazard","path":"/quest/46863/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every kind of natural disaster has its own built-in, unavoidable threat. For storms, it's flooding as the waters rise. For drought, it's ground settling as the water table falls. And for earthquakes of all sizes, it's landslides as the hills come tumbling down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the magnitude-6 Parkfield earthquake of September 2004 occurred, witnesses in the tiny Central California town remarked that the hillsides all around erupted in clouds of landslide dust. Seven years later in Virginia, the magnitude-5.8 quake of August 23, 2011, didn't raise a lot of dust in that humid region. But thousands of rock slides occurred, mostly small ones, over a surprisingly large region. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslide specialists with the U.S. Geological Survey took it upon themselves to look closely at Virginia, just as they did in Haiti the year before. In the weeks that followed the quake, \u003ca href=\"https://profile.usgs.gov/jibson\">Randall Jibson\u003c/a> drove with Ed Harp in systematic transects away from the epicenter, checking every rocky slope and documenting each example of landslides classified as \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/naturalhazardsclimate/ig/Landslides/slide-rockfall.htm\">rockfalls\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/slide/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46864\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/slide.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"slide\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46864\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/slide.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/slide-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Geological Survey researcher Ed Harp records a small rockfall triggered by the 2011 Virginia earthquake. USGS photo by Randall Jibson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They checked the fallen rocks carefully for signs of freshness, like the ripped-up sapling in the photo above, or the presence of still-green grass underneath stones. Where the rocky slopes stopped failing, they drew a line on the map to mark the rockfall limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This simple but intensive bit of fieldwork allowed Jibson and Harp to test their model of earthquake landslides with a good set of data. The models were built on data from Western areas with lots of earthquakes, where fresh slides are not always easy to notice, but in Virginia the 2011 quake was the largest in 114 years and left clean evidence everywhere. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two researchers found fresh rockfalls four times as far away as their model predicted for a magnitude-5.8 event. Rockfalls occurred in an area 20 times as large as expected. Jibson \u003ca href=\"https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2012AM/webprogram/Paper205161.html\">talked about their results this week\u003c/a> at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting in Charlotte, and a paper about it will appear in the \u003ci>Seismological Society of America Bulletin\u003c/i> next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/vaeqslidemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/VAEQslidemap.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"VAEQslidemap\" width=\"600\" height=\"347\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46866\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/VAEQslidemap.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/VAEQslidemap-400x231.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Geological Survey image\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientifically, this result made sense in two ways. First, it's already well known that earthquakes are felt much more widely in the cold, hard crust east of the Rockies. Jibson and Harp's rockfall evidence matches the human evidence—in fact, human reports of the Virginia quake show that it was felt by more Americans than any previous earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/08/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard/uslandslidequakes/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46865\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/USlandslidequakes.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"USlandslidequakes\" width=\"600\" height=\"390\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46865\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/USlandslidequakes.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/USlandslidequakes-400x260.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Geological Survey image\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Second, the rockfall limit did not form a circle on the map, but an ellipse elongated along the Appalachian Mountains. That is, the regional geology, not just the basic structure of the Earth's crust, affected the pattern of shaking. Those two new pieces of knowledge will help in reassessing historical earthquakes as well as preparing for future ones in different places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slowly but surely, Americans are joining Californians in becoming earthquake-aware. The broken Washington Monument, damaged in the 2011 Virginia quake, is a peerless consciousness raiser. The growing participation in \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/\">ShakeOut programs\u003c/a> across the country is helping, too. Earthquake resistance can be engineered into our buildings and infrastructure, but landslides will never change. Speaking of which, California has its own special hazard of earthquakes related to landslides: valley fever. Jibson documented an outbreak of this disease, caused by a soil-dwelling fungus, \u003ca href=\"https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2009Apr211713254273778-Valley%20fever,%20Surveys%20in%20Geophysics.pdf\">after the 1994 Northridge earthquake\u003c/a>. Face masks might be a good addition to your earthquake kit.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/46863/earthquake-landslides-a-widespread-hazard","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_1608","quest_11595","quest_13202","quest_3048","quest_11594"],"featImg":"quest_46864","label":"quest"},"quest_39562":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_39562","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"39562","score":null,"sort":[1339685572000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online","title":"Did You See It? Report a Landslide Online","publishDate":1339685572,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-dysi/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39564\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-dysi.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-dysi\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-dysi.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-dysi-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landslide in eastern Del Puerto Canyon, near Patterson. Now anyone can easily report a landslide to a centralized database for the whole country. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By now, everyone in the Bay Area knows about the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/\">Did You Feel It?\u003c/a> system, set up by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1990s to record earthquake reports. This week the Survey has launched a similar effort, called \u003ca href=\"http://landslides.usgs.gov/dysi/\">Did You See It?\u003c/a> or DYSI, to enlist citizens in recording landslides. Bay Area residents should take to this tool enthusiastically because \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/31/landslide-season/\">we live in landslide country\u003c/a> as well as earthquake country. In fact, earthquakes so often cause landslides that conscientious folks can now make twice the contribution after a seismic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earthquake tool has succeeded so well because, among other things, the facts it needs to know are easy to check off—where you were, what things you noticed, what was damaged. The new landslide tool works a little differently because \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/nutshells/a/landslidenuts.htm\">landslides\u003c/a> aren't the same kind of event. Reporting a landslide on the DYSI tool takes a bit of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides are classified along a spectrum between \u003ci>falls\u003c/i> and \u003ci>flows\u003c/i>. They involve three kinds of material: earth (soil), debris (rocks and soil) and rocks. Rockfalls, like this example from the Marin Headlands, should be familiar. They're basically a rattle of rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-fall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39565\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-fall.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-fall\" width=\"500\" height=\"330\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39565\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-fall.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-fall-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flows include earthflows and debris flows. They have a fluid motion and shape, like this example, a debris flow from the Marin Headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-flow/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39566\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-flow.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-flow\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-flow.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-flow-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slumps, or rotational slides, are in-between landslides with a sitzmark shape. This one is in the Oakland hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-slump/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39563\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-slump.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-slump\" width=\"500\" height=\"301\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39563\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-slump.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-slump-400x241.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three are the most common landslide types around here. The DYSI tool shows four additional landslide types, and if you hold your mouse over each one a rotation of diagrams and photos will display them to you. Even better, you can right-click to view these at full size. The tool has options to accept much more detail (like loss data and your photos), but that's the gist of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because landslides are more widespread than quakes, \"Did You See It\" may provide even more benefit to the nation than \"Did You Feel It.\" \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"What Bay Areans did for earthquakes we can now do for landslides: lead the world in reporting these common natural hazards online.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306670,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":364},"headData":{"title":"Did You See It? Report a Landslide Online | KQED","description":"What Bay Areans did for earthquakes we can now do for landslides: lead the world in reporting these common natural hazards online.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Did You See It? Report a Landslide Online","datePublished":"2012-06-14T14:52:52.000Z","dateModified":"2012-06-21T19:24:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39562 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=39562","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/","disqusTitle":"Did You See It? Report a Landslide Online","path":"/quest/39562/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39564\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-dysi/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39564\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-dysi.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-dysi\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-dysi.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-dysi-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landslide in eastern Del Puerto Canyon, near Patterson. Now anyone can easily report a landslide to a centralized database for the whole country. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By now, everyone in the Bay Area knows about the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/\">Did You Feel It?\u003c/a> system, set up by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1990s to record earthquake reports. This week the Survey has launched a similar effort, called \u003ca href=\"http://landslides.usgs.gov/dysi/\">Did You See It?\u003c/a> or DYSI, to enlist citizens in recording landslides. Bay Area residents should take to this tool enthusiastically because \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/31/landslide-season/\">we live in landslide country\u003c/a> as well as earthquake country. In fact, earthquakes so often cause landslides that conscientious folks can now make twice the contribution after a seismic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earthquake tool has succeeded so well because, among other things, the facts it needs to know are easy to check off—where you were, what things you noticed, what was damaged. The new landslide tool works a little differently because \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/nutshells/a/landslidenuts.htm\">landslides\u003c/a> aren't the same kind of event. Reporting a landslide on the DYSI tool takes a bit of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides are classified along a spectrum between \u003ci>falls\u003c/i> and \u003ci>flows\u003c/i>. They involve three kinds of material: earth (soil), debris (rocks and soil) and rocks. Rockfalls, like this example from the Marin Headlands, should be familiar. They're basically a rattle of rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-fall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39565\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-fall.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-fall\" width=\"500\" height=\"330\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39565\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-fall.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-fall-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flows include earthflows and debris flows. They have a fluid motion and shape, like this example, a debris flow from the Marin Headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-flow/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39566\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-flow.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-flow\" width=\"500\" height=\"327\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-flow.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-flow-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slumps, or rotational slides, are in-between landslides with a sitzmark shape. This one is in the Oakland hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/14/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online/landslide-slump/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39563\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-slump.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"landslide-slump\" width=\"500\" height=\"301\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39563\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-slump.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/landslide-slump-400x241.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three are the most common landslide types around here. The DYSI tool shows four additional landslide types, and if you hold your mouse over each one a rotation of diagrams and photos will display them to you. Even better, you can right-click to view these at full size. The tool has options to accept much more detail (like loss data and your photos), but that's the gist of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because landslides are more widespread than quakes, \"Did You See It\" may provide even more benefit to the nation than \"Did You Feel It.\" \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/39562/did-you-see-it-report-a-landslide-online","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_1608","quest_3722","quest_13202","quest_3048"],"featImg":"quest_39564","label":"quest"},"quest_35632":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_35632","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"35632","score":null,"sort":[1334847180000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake","title":"The Switching Outlets of Clear Lake","publishDate":1334847180,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35637\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/cachecreekcut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35637\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekcut-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cachecreekcut\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-35637\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recently accelerated erosion in the bed of Cache Creek testifies to a big change upstream: a switch in the drainage of Clear Lake. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rainy, dynamic terrain of the northern Coast Range features many rivers, but very few natural lakes. Any basins that may form by tectonic activity have short lives. Either they fill up with sediment, or rivers erode into them and they drain dry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clear Lake, by far the largest lake in the Coast Range, has sediments in it dating back some half a million years. The lake's basin never seems to fill with mud, although Clear Lake has always been shallow. Apparently something builds up the basin's sides whenever the lake outlet threatens to cut downward far enough to drain the lake dry. In recent geologic time, Clear Lake has drained eastward and westward at different times as one exit or the other has been plugged. You can visit both exits and glimpse the geologic evidence yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Clear Lake drains east to the Central Valley down Cache Creek through a rugged canyon with high, steep walls. But biologists tell us that the fish of Clear Lake come from both the Russian River and the Central Valley. Without that clue, we might not make much of the straight little valley northwest of Clear Lake, just a few meters above the present lake level. Created by slow faulting, the valley holds some bits of water called Blue Lakes. What could have made Clear Lake drain in this direction?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/clearlakemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35633\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/clearlakemap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"clearlakemap\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35633\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/clearlakemap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/clearlakemap-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clear Lake shows signs of having drained northwest, through Blue Lakes, as well as southeast through Cache Creek, its current outlet.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The east side of Clear Lake is full of young volcanoes ranging in size from Mount Konocti down to a dozen little cones a few tens of thousands of years old. With that in mind it's easy to picture a large lava flow, or the emergence of a small cone, blocking Cache Creek and causing the lake to rise until it spilled through the valley of Blue Lakes to the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can drive up state route 20 from the north side of Clear Lake into this valley, and it's easy to picture it holding a river. Then the road hits a large bump, a hill right in the middle of the valley, and that seems to be the end of the line. But geologic mapping has shown that this is an ancient landslide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/bluelakeslide/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35635\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakeslide.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bluelakeslide\" width=\"600\" height=\"377\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35635\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakeslide.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakeslide-400x251.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bare-topped hill blocking the valley past Upper Blue Lake is a landslide. The forested land in front is a younger delta fan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A look at the topography here is instructive, and Google Maps' \"terrain\" setting is an excellent way to do that. The photo above was taken from the middle \"20\" symbol and the hill is marked with an asterisk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/bluelakemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35634\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakemap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bluelakemap\" width=\"640\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35634\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakemap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakemap-400x288.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annotations: V symbols are delta-forming drainages, S marks landslides or possible landslides.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Notice how well-organized the stream drainages are leading down to the lakes. Each of the larger streams has built out a delta of sediment. But west of the lakes is an area of poorly organized, hummocky terrain that closely resembles \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/31/landslide-season/\">the body of a landslide\u003c/a>. It appears to me that the landslide nearest to Blue Lakes is the smallest and possibly the latest of a whole series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The native tribes around Clear Lake have old stories of just such a landslide here. If we take them literally, that would place the event within the last few thousand years. The next thing to happen in this scenario is that Clear Lake would rise still further until it overcame the natural dam on Cache Creek and resumed its interrupted eastward drainage. In fact, there's no reason this should have happened only once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I mentioned visiting both exits of Clear Lake. Cache Creek goes into roadless country but on the other side, right where it meets state route 16, you can pull over at \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolocounty.org/index.aspx?page=379\">Cache Creek Regional Park\u003c/a> and see this beautiful exposure, about 5 meters high, across the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/cachecreekbank/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35636\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekbank.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cachecreekbank\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-35636\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekbank.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekbank-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From top to bottom its features are plain as day: a nice flat abandoned floodplain, a layer of coarse river rocks and gravel, the rugged profile of a former streambed, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/\">tilted bedrock of the Great Valley Sequence\u003c/a>. In the typical river, the streambed is cut downward so slowly, only in the largest \"hundred-year\" storm events, that an exposure like this is never seen. But today's newly invigorated Cache Creek has cut through all this in one clean chop in just a few millennia.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why has Clear Lake drained two different ways in recent geologic time? Volcanoes and landslides made it happen.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1335901285,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":768},"headData":{"title":"The Switching Outlets of Clear Lake | KQED","description":"Why has Clear Lake drained two different ways in recent geologic time? Volcanoes and landslides made it happen.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Switching Outlets of Clear Lake","datePublished":"2012-04-19T14:53:00.000Z","dateModified":"2012-05-01T19:41:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"35632 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=35632","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/","disqusTitle":"The Switching Outlets of Clear Lake","path":"/quest/35632/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35637\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/cachecreekcut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35637\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekcut-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cachecreekcut\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-35637\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recently accelerated erosion in the bed of Cache Creek testifies to a big change upstream: a switch in the drainage of Clear Lake. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rainy, dynamic terrain of the northern Coast Range features many rivers, but very few natural lakes. Any basins that may form by tectonic activity have short lives. Either they fill up with sediment, or rivers erode into them and they drain dry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clear Lake, by far the largest lake in the Coast Range, has sediments in it dating back some half a million years. The lake's basin never seems to fill with mud, although Clear Lake has always been shallow. Apparently something builds up the basin's sides whenever the lake outlet threatens to cut downward far enough to drain the lake dry. In recent geologic time, Clear Lake has drained eastward and westward at different times as one exit or the other has been plugged. You can visit both exits and glimpse the geologic evidence yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Clear Lake drains east to the Central Valley down Cache Creek through a rugged canyon with high, steep walls. But biologists tell us that the fish of Clear Lake come from both the Russian River and the Central Valley. Without that clue, we might not make much of the straight little valley northwest of Clear Lake, just a few meters above the present lake level. Created by slow faulting, the valley holds some bits of water called Blue Lakes. What could have made Clear Lake drain in this direction?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/clearlakemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35633\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/clearlakemap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"clearlakemap\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35633\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/clearlakemap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/clearlakemap-400x276.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clear Lake shows signs of having drained northwest, through Blue Lakes, as well as southeast through Cache Creek, its current outlet.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The east side of Clear Lake is full of young volcanoes ranging in size from Mount Konocti down to a dozen little cones a few tens of thousands of years old. With that in mind it's easy to picture a large lava flow, or the emergence of a small cone, blocking Cache Creek and causing the lake to rise until it spilled through the valley of Blue Lakes to the Russian River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can drive up state route 20 from the north side of Clear Lake into this valley, and it's easy to picture it holding a river. Then the road hits a large bump, a hill right in the middle of the valley, and that seems to be the end of the line. But geologic mapping has shown that this is an ancient landslide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/bluelakeslide/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35635\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakeslide.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bluelakeslide\" width=\"600\" height=\"377\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35635\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakeslide.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakeslide-400x251.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bare-topped hill blocking the valley past Upper Blue Lake is a landslide. The forested land in front is a younger delta fan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A look at the topography here is instructive, and Google Maps' \"terrain\" setting is an excellent way to do that. The photo above was taken from the middle \"20\" symbol and the hill is marked with an asterisk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/bluelakemap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35634\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakemap.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"bluelakemap\" width=\"640\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35634\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakemap.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/bluelakemap-400x288.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annotations: V symbols are delta-forming drainages, S marks landslides or possible landslides.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Notice how well-organized the stream drainages are leading down to the lakes. Each of the larger streams has built out a delta of sediment. But west of the lakes is an area of poorly organized, hummocky terrain that closely resembles \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/31/landslide-season/\">the body of a landslide\u003c/a>. It appears to me that the landslide nearest to Blue Lakes is the smallest and possibly the latest of a whole series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The native tribes around Clear Lake have old stories of just such a landslide here. If we take them literally, that would place the event within the last few thousand years. The next thing to happen in this scenario is that Clear Lake would rise still further until it overcame the natural dam on Cache Creek and resumed its interrupted eastward drainage. In fact, there's no reason this should have happened only once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I mentioned visiting both exits of Clear Lake. Cache Creek goes into roadless country but on the other side, right where it meets state route 16, you can pull over at \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolocounty.org/index.aspx?page=379\">Cache Creek Regional Park\u003c/a> and see this beautiful exposure, about 5 meters high, across the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/19/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake/cachecreekbank/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35636\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekbank.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cachecreekbank\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-35636\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekbank.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/cachecreekbank-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From top to bottom its features are plain as day: a nice flat abandoned floodplain, a layer of coarse river rocks and gravel, the rugged profile of a former streambed, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/01/26/geological-outings-around-the-bay-mount-vaca-and-the-monticello-dam/\">tilted bedrock of the Great Valley Sequence\u003c/a>. In the typical river, the streambed is cut downward so slowly, only in the largest \"hundred-year\" storm events, that an exposure like this is never seen. But today's newly invigorated Cache Creek has cut through all this in one clean chop in just a few millennia.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/35632/the-switching-outlets-of-clear-lake","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_11002","quest_3516","quest_639","quest_11003","quest_1608","quest_13202","quest_2465"],"featImg":"quest_35637","label":"quest"},"quest_15399":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15399","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15399","score":null,"sort":[1308855976000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-stinson-beach","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Stinson Beach","publishDate":1308855976,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinsontop2.jpg\" alt=\"stinson beach\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>If you can tear your eyes off the sea and sky, Stinson Beach offers a geological feast in its sediments, rocks and structure. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if geology weren't a factor, Stinson Beach would be among my top Bay Area beaches: it's small enough to thoroughly explore but large enough to take up a day, it offers shelter and plenty of wildlife, it has nearby places to eat and drink, and feels far from the workaday world without being a huge deal to get to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with me, geology is always a factor. Let's take in the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson12.jpg\" alt=\"stinson beach view\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stinson Beach is on Route 1 just north of San Francisco. You can drive there or take a bus, but either way what you see as you come in from the south is a lovely arc of sand. In the distance is the Point Reyes Peninsula with the low tableland of Bolinas on the left (a wave-cut platform) and the highlands of Point Reyes on the right. All of that land is on the Pacific plate and lies across the San Andreas fault. The fault runs just offshore, touching land in the center distance at the end of the beach and exiting the photo at upper right. Have a look at the geologic map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinsonmap2.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinsonmap2.png\" width=\"500\" alt=\"geologic map\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csub>Click the map for a larger version. Abbreviations: mt, marine terrace, Tms, Tertiary (Miocene) sedimentary rocks; QTs, Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks; Kfs, Franciscan sandstone; sp, serpentinite; fc, Franciscan chert; ls, landslide deposits. From \u003ca href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/geologic/docs/Marin_County.kmz\">Marin County section\u003c/a> (KMZ file) of the USGS \u003ca href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/geologic/details.html\">Bay Area Geologic Map\u003c/a>.\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything on the east side of the fault belongs to the Franciscan Complex, a big, sloppy geologic unit that includes bodies of sandstone, chert, shale, volcanic rocks and serpentinite. Parts of it are so mixed up that geologists have thrown up their hands and called it melange (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">which I featured in this post\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're drawn to that great plate boundary, walk to the north end of the beach. The waves hit the beach here at an angle, sweeping the sand into crosshatches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson22.jpg\" alt=\"sand waves\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the beach is a tidal waterway leading to Bolinas Lagoon. There the repetitive wash of the tides builds symmetrical ripples like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson32.jpg\" alt=\"ripples\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You won't see the fault here unless it happens to rupture while you're visiting, which is extremely unlikely. But if that happens, take pictures because the waves will swiftly erase the evidence. The lagoon is a feeding ground for all sorts of seabirds as well as the town's sheltered anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson42.jpg\" alt=\"bolinas lagoon\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you head south back down the beach, notice the terrace at the base of the hills, where many residences in the town of Stinson Beach sit. This is probably the same type of wave-cut platform that appears up and down the California coast (like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson52.jpg\" alt=\"wave-cut platform\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beach's south end is a pile of boulders that have eroded from the geological plum-pudding of the Franciscan melange. The distant peninsula is the toe of an ancient landslide, one of many in this shaken-and-stirred area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson62.jpg\" alt=\"boulders\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the boulders are straightforward rocks with a single composition, while others like this one are themselves melanges of many different ingredients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson72.jpg\" alt=\"melange\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close up, you may be able to pick out every rock type found in the Franciscan—assembled in a single boulder!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson82.jpg\" alt=\"melange\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you visited the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">rocks of the Marin Headlands\u003c/a> a few weeks earlier, you'll recognize the Franciscan ribbon chert here, too, although it's green rather than red. That is due to the low-grade metamorphism that has affected the entire Franciscan in most of Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson92.jpg\" alt=\"green chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're studying these rocks, take a look at the cliff behind them, which is an intimate mixture of rocks and matrix that keeps crumbling into the waves to yield Stinson Beach's abundance of fresh, dark sand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson992.jpg\" alt=\"folded chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always stay til sundown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are your top Bay Area beaches, and why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.899 -122.645\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Even if geology weren't a factor, Stinson Beach would be among my top Bay Area beaches. But with me, geology is always a factor. Let's take in the scene.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311135088,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":666},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Stinson Beach | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Stinson Beach","datePublished":"2011-06-23T19:06:16.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-20T04:11:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15399 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=15399","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/06/23/geological-outings-around-the-bay-stinson-beach/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Stinson Beach","path":"/quest/15399/geological-outings-around-the-bay-stinson-beach","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinsontop2.jpg\" alt=\"stinson beach\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>If you can tear your eyes off the sea and sky, Stinson Beach offers a geological feast in its sediments, rocks and structure. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if geology weren't a factor, Stinson Beach would be among my top Bay Area beaches: it's small enough to thoroughly explore but large enough to take up a day, it offers shelter and plenty of wildlife, it has nearby places to eat and drink, and feels far from the workaday world without being a huge deal to get to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with me, geology is always a factor. Let's take in the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson12.jpg\" alt=\"stinson beach view\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stinson Beach is on Route 1 just north of San Francisco. You can drive there or take a bus, but either way what you see as you come in from the south is a lovely arc of sand. In the distance is the Point Reyes Peninsula with the low tableland of Bolinas on the left (a wave-cut platform) and the highlands of Point Reyes on the right. All of that land is on the Pacific plate and lies across the San Andreas fault. The fault runs just offshore, touching land in the center distance at the end of the beach and exiting the photo at upper right. Have a look at the geologic map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinsonmap2.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinsonmap2.png\" width=\"500\" alt=\"geologic map\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003csub>Click the map for a larger version. Abbreviations: mt, marine terrace, Tms, Tertiary (Miocene) sedimentary rocks; QTs, Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks; Kfs, Franciscan sandstone; sp, serpentinite; fc, Franciscan chert; ls, landslide deposits. From \u003ca href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/geologic/docs/Marin_County.kmz\">Marin County section\u003c/a> (KMZ file) of the USGS \u003ca href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/geologic/details.html\">Bay Area Geologic Map\u003c/a>.\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything on the east side of the fault belongs to the Franciscan Complex, a big, sloppy geologic unit that includes bodies of sandstone, chert, shale, volcanic rocks and serpentinite. Parts of it are so mixed up that geologists have thrown up their hands and called it melange (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/24/geological-outings-around-the-bay-shell-beach/\">which I featured in this post\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're drawn to that great plate boundary, walk to the north end of the beach. The waves hit the beach here at an angle, sweeping the sand into crosshatches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson22.jpg\" alt=\"sand waves\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the beach is a tidal waterway leading to Bolinas Lagoon. There the repetitive wash of the tides builds symmetrical ripples like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson32.jpg\" alt=\"ripples\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You won't see the fault here unless it happens to rupture while you're visiting, which is extremely unlikely. But if that happens, take pictures because the waves will swiftly erase the evidence. The lagoon is a feeding ground for all sorts of seabirds as well as the town's sheltered anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson42.jpg\" alt=\"bolinas lagoon\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you head south back down the beach, notice the terrace at the base of the hills, where many residences in the town of Stinson Beach sit. This is probably the same type of wave-cut platform that appears up and down the California coast (like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/03/03/geological-outings-around-the-bay-pebble-beach/\">Pebble Beach\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson52.jpg\" alt=\"wave-cut platform\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beach's south end is a pile of boulders that have eroded from the geological plum-pudding of the Franciscan melange. The distant peninsula is the toe of an ancient landslide, one of many in this shaken-and-stirred area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson62.jpg\" alt=\"boulders\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the boulders are straightforward rocks with a single composition, while others like this one are themselves melanges of many different ingredients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson72.jpg\" alt=\"melange\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close up, you may be able to pick out every rock type found in the Franciscan—assembled in a single boulder!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson82.jpg\" alt=\"melange\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you visited the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/21/geological-outings-around-the-bay-marin-headlands/\">rocks of the Marin Headlands\u003c/a> a few weeks earlier, you'll recognize the Franciscan ribbon chert here, too, although it's green rather than red. That is due to the low-grade metamorphism that has affected the entire Franciscan in most of Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson92.jpg\" alt=\"green chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you're studying these rocks, take a look at the cliff behind them, which is an intimate mixture of rocks and matrix that keeps crumbling into the waves to yield Stinson Beach's abundance of fresh, dark sand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/stinson992.jpg\" alt=\"folded chert\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I always stay til sundown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are your top Bay Area beaches, and why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.899 -122.645\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15399/geological-outings-around-the-bay-stinson-beach","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_294","quest_3489","quest_3580","quest_1608","quest_3706","quest_2447","quest_2484","quest_3783"],"featImg":"quest_15411","label":"quest"},"quest_13416":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13416","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13416","score":null,"sort":[1301597877000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"landslide-season","title":"Landslide Season","publishDate":1301597877,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Landslide Season | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/landslideintro2.jpg\" alt=\"landslides\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>\u003cbr>\nLandslides are widespread in the Bay Area by the end of wet winters like this year’s rainy season. They range from minor disturbances like these to large, ancient movements that awaken in the wettest years. All photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every rainy season this happens: Bay Area homes are threatened by ground movement. While each landslide that damages someone’s home is a tragedy, as a general phenomenon landslides are interesting. So first let me commiserate with landslide victims; I’ve suffered land displacement in my home too. It’s no fun dealing with the upheaval, the neighbors look askance and worry about their own situations, and things are even worse when lawyers and the news media get involved. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now I’d like to show you some landslides and help you recognize their signs and symptoms. Landslides can result from human misjudgement, but they also occur on their own, quite naturally. It’s usually hard to tell the difference or assign blame. The state licenses geologists to ensure that the right expertise is available. In any case, I am keeping the locations anonymous. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides happen when gravity overcomes the natural cohesion of a slope—the slope becomes too steep, the material becomes weak, or (usually) a combination of both. In the Bay Area, streams dig downward, earthquakes push the hills upward, and they reach an uneasy balance. At that point landslides are inevitable, and we can talk about the specific changes that \u003ci>cause\u003c/i> them, natural and artificial. Natural ones include changes in long-term climate and short-term weather. Artificial ones include oversteepening slopes by excavation and land-use changes that alter the groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s an example, a slump, with a clearly artificial cause: A road has been cut into and built out over a steep slope, and rain runoff from the road was concentrated into weak places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/roadslump2.jpg\" alt=\"roadside landslide\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the causes are in place, something has to \u003ci>trigger\u003c/i> landslides. The trigger at this point in 2011 is a long wet season. Early heavy rains seep into the landslide mass and fill up its pore spaces. Later heavy rains overload it through two physical mechanisms. The first is simply the weight of the extra water, which tends to push everything downhill. The second is more important: the extra water raises the water pressure inside the pores of the landslide mass. That actively works to lift the mass, the way that stepping into waist-high water makes it harder to keep your footing. This can work at quite shallow levels, as this earthflow shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/earthslump.jpg\" alt=\"earthflow\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notice the poppies in the newly exposed ground. Vegetation is very sensitive to these changes. In both of these simple examples you’ll see that the top of the slide is a scalloped shape; it’s called a headscarp. In the large, complex slide below the hillside was littered with them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/slidehead2.jpg\" alt=\"headscarps\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of our landslides are actually old—they have moved previously, and this year the rains reactivated them. A practiced eye can readily pick out the resulting topography, which is hummocky rather than smooth. The photo below (click for full size) shows the whole length of a complex slide. On the right are scarps from activity in previous years. At the far left is the scar of an earthflow. On the crest, in the middle, is a brand-new headscarp from last week. And the landscape along the whole facing slope is hummocky, with different vegetation taking advantage of temporary high water tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/landslidescarps2.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/landslidescarps2.jpg\" width=\"500\" alt=\"complex landslide\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about landslides at these links.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca>Landslide terminology and classification\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1064/\">Rainfall and landslide forecasting\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://landslides.usgs.gov/regional/sanfrancisco.php\">Bay Area landslide info from the US Geological Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.894 -122.252\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Landslides are widespread in the Bay Area by the end of wet winters like this year's rainy season. You can learn their signs for any time of year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684974397,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":620},"headData":{"title":"Landslide Season | KQED","description":"Landslides are widespread in the Bay Area by the end of wet winters like this year's rainy season. You can learn their signs for any time of year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Landslide Season","datePublished":"2011-03-31T18:57:57.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:26:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/13416/landslide-season","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/landslideintro2.jpg\" alt=\"landslides\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>\u003cbr>\nLandslides are widespread in the Bay Area by the end of wet winters like this year’s rainy season. They range from minor disturbances like these to large, ancient movements that awaken in the wettest years. All photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every rainy season this happens: Bay Area homes are threatened by ground movement. While each landslide that damages someone’s home is a tragedy, as a general phenomenon landslides are interesting. So first let me commiserate with landslide victims; I’ve suffered land displacement in my home too. It’s no fun dealing with the upheaval, the neighbors look askance and worry about their own situations, and things are even worse when lawyers and the news media get involved. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now I’d like to show you some landslides and help you recognize their signs and symptoms. Landslides can result from human misjudgement, but they also occur on their own, quite naturally. It’s usually hard to tell the difference or assign blame. The state licenses geologists to ensure that the right expertise is available. In any case, I am keeping the locations anonymous. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides happen when gravity overcomes the natural cohesion of a slope—the slope becomes too steep, the material becomes weak, or (usually) a combination of both. In the Bay Area, streams dig downward, earthquakes push the hills upward, and they reach an uneasy balance. At that point landslides are inevitable, and we can talk about the specific changes that \u003ci>cause\u003c/i> them, natural and artificial. Natural ones include changes in long-term climate and short-term weather. Artificial ones include oversteepening slopes by excavation and land-use changes that alter the groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s an example, a slump, with a clearly artificial cause: A road has been cut into and built out over a steep slope, and rain runoff from the road was concentrated into weak places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/roadslump2.jpg\" alt=\"roadside landslide\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the causes are in place, something has to \u003ci>trigger\u003c/i> landslides. The trigger at this point in 2011 is a long wet season. Early heavy rains seep into the landslide mass and fill up its pore spaces. Later heavy rains overload it through two physical mechanisms. The first is simply the weight of the extra water, which tends to push everything downhill. The second is more important: the extra water raises the water pressure inside the pores of the landslide mass. That actively works to lift the mass, the way that stepping into waist-high water makes it harder to keep your footing. This can work at quite shallow levels, as this earthflow shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/earthslump.jpg\" alt=\"earthflow\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notice the poppies in the newly exposed ground. Vegetation is very sensitive to these changes. In both of these simple examples you’ll see that the top of the slide is a scalloped shape; it’s called a headscarp. In the large, complex slide below the hillside was littered with them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/slidehead2.jpg\" alt=\"headscarps\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of our landslides are actually old—they have moved previously, and this year the rains reactivated them. A practiced eye can readily pick out the resulting topography, which is hummocky rather than smooth. The photo below (click for full size) shows the whole length of a complex slide. On the right are scarps from activity in previous years. At the far left is the scar of an earthflow. On the crest, in the middle, is a brand-new headscarp from last week. And the landscape along the whole facing slope is hummocky, with different vegetation taking advantage of temporary high water tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/landslidescarps2.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/landslidescarps2.jpg\" width=\"500\" alt=\"complex landslide\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about landslides at these links.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca>Landslide terminology and classification\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1064/\">Rainfall and landslide forecasting\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://landslides.usgs.gov/regional/sanfrancisco.php\">Bay Area landslide info from the US Geological Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.894 -122.252\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13416/landslide-season","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_8","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_1608"],"featImg":"quest_13417","label":"quest"},"quest_9132":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_9132","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"9132","score":null,"sort":[1286472481000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geology-of-the-devils-slide-area","title":"Geology of the Devil's Slide Area","publishDate":1286472481,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/34/120575936_d334f32100_m.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/montara.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Last week the Caltrans crew working on the tunnel project in the notorious Devil's Slide area on Highway 1 between Montara and Pacifica broke through after three years of construction (see \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/01/devils-slide-tunnel-breakthrough/\">QUEST's story on the breakthrough.\u003c/a>) Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/halonfury/120575936/\">terraplanner\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of steep terrain and the geology of the area have made this area prone to landslides since Highway 1 was constructed in the mid 1930s. For example, a slide in 1995 closed the road for more than 150 days and cost $3 million to repair.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/dslide/\">Caltrans' Devil's Slide Tunnels Project\u003c/a> aims to remedy this chronic geoengineering issue:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The project calls for construction of two tunnels beneath San Pedro Mountain, each 30-feet wide and 4,200-feet long. At the northern end, a 1,000-feet bridge will span the valley at Shamrock Ranch. A re-alignment of Route 1 at the southern end will provide safe transition into and out of the tunnel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows major faults in the region (Devil's Slide area is #8 on the map).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Devils-Slide-geol3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-9137 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/Devils-Slide-geol3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"564\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next map below zooms in a bit more and shows the geology in more detail. The pink color represents the granitic rocks of Montara Mountain (which are exposed quite nicely at Montara Beach). The grayish-purple color to the north and adjacent to the granite is a unit of sandstone, shale, and some conglomerate that is folded and fractured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/devilslide-geolmap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-9141 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/devilslide-geolmap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Caltrans notes that the chronic landslide problem occurs at the contact of these rock types:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\"The Devil’s Slide area begins just west of the pass on the west side of San Pedro Ridge and extends for about 0.8 mile along Highway 1 on the northwest flank of Montara Mountain. The landslide is occurring where steeply dipping, faulted, and folded Paleocene rocks are slipping above a steeply inclined surface of underlying weathered Mesozoic granitic bedrock of Montara Mountain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The tunnel and road is expected to be completed and opened to the public sometime in 2012. The existing 1.2 miles of Highway is going to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/05/06/BAGC8CL3OQ1.DTL\">converted into hiking and biking trails\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're interested in learning more about this the geoengineering aspects of this project the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/dslide/\">fantastic website\u003c/a> with several great explanatory diagrams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffffff\">~\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/halonfury/120575936/\">Montara Beach\u003c/a> / Flickr user Terraplanner; (2) Figure 8-1 from Chapter 8 of \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/\">The San Andreas Fault In The San Francisco Bay Area, California\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem> guidebook from the USGS; (3) USGS \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-137/\">Open-File Report 98-137\u003c/a>: Geology of the onshore part of San Mateo County, California.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.58561581962738 -122.51602937467396\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The combination of steep terrain and the geology of the Devil's Slide area have made this area prone to landslides since Highway 1 was constructed in the mid 1930s.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1286472481,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":434},"headData":{"title":"Geology of the Devil's Slide Area | KQED","description":"The combination of steep terrain and the geology of the Devil's Slide area have made this area prone to landslides since Highway 1 was constructed in the mid 1930s.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geology of the Devil's Slide Area","datePublished":"2010-10-07T17:28:01.000Z","dateModified":"2010-10-07T17:28:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"9132 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=9132","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/07/geology-of-the-devils-slide-area/","disqusTitle":"Geology of the Devil's Slide Area","path":"/quest/9132/geology-of-the-devils-slide-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/34/120575936_d334f32100_m.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/montara.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Last week the Caltrans crew working on the tunnel project in the notorious Devil's Slide area on Highway 1 between Montara and Pacifica broke through after three years of construction (see \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/01/devils-slide-tunnel-breakthrough/\">QUEST's story on the breakthrough.\u003c/a>) Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/halonfury/120575936/\">terraplanner\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of steep terrain and the geology of the area have made this area prone to landslides since Highway 1 was constructed in the mid 1930s. For example, a slide in 1995 closed the road for more than 150 days and cost $3 million to repair.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/dslide/\">Caltrans' Devil's Slide Tunnels Project\u003c/a> aims to remedy this chronic geoengineering issue:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The project calls for construction of two tunnels beneath San Pedro Mountain, each 30-feet wide and 4,200-feet long. At the northern end, a 1,000-feet bridge will span the valley at Shamrock Ranch. A re-alignment of Route 1 at the southern end will provide safe transition into and out of the tunnel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows major faults in the region (Devil's Slide area is #8 on the map).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Devils-Slide-geol3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-9137 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/Devils-Slide-geol3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"564\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next map below zooms in a bit more and shows the geology in more detail. The pink color represents the granitic rocks of Montara Mountain (which are exposed quite nicely at Montara Beach). The grayish-purple color to the north and adjacent to the granite is a unit of sandstone, shale, and some conglomerate that is folded and fractured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/devilslide-geolmap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-9141 aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/devilslide-geolmap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"412\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Caltrans notes that the chronic landslide problem occurs at the contact of these rock types:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\"The Devil’s Slide area begins just west of the pass on the west side of San Pedro Ridge and extends for about 0.8 mile along Highway 1 on the northwest flank of Montara Mountain. The landslide is occurring where steeply dipping, faulted, and folded Paleocene rocks are slipping above a steeply inclined surface of underlying weathered Mesozoic granitic bedrock of Montara Mountain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">The tunnel and road is expected to be completed and opened to the public sometime in 2012. The existing 1.2 miles of Highway is going to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/05/06/BAGC8CL3OQ1.DTL\">converted into hiking and biking trails\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're interested in learning more about this the geoengineering aspects of this project the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/dslide/\">fantastic website\u003c/a> with several great explanatory diagrams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #ffffff\">~\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Images: (1) \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/halonfury/120575936/\">Montara Beach\u003c/a> / Flickr user Terraplanner; (2) Figure 8-1 from Chapter 8 of \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1127/\">The San Andreas Fault In The San Francisco Bay Area, California\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem> guidebook from the USGS; (3) USGS \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-137/\">Open-File Report 98-137\u003c/a>: Geology of the onshore part of San Mateo County, California.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.58561581962738 -122.51602937467396\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/9132/geology-of-the-devils-slide-area","authors":["10171"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_818","quest_13200","quest_1608","quest_1863","quest_2110","quest_2494"],"label":"quest"},"quest_17379":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17379","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17379","score":null,"sort":[1184695200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"landslide-detectives","title":"Landslide Detectives","publishDate":1184695200,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"114b_landslides\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With its rolling hills and winter storms, the Bay Area has been a landslide hotspot, putting houses and lives at risk. Now geologists are using new high-tech tools to understand and predict these natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With its rolling hills and winter storms, the Bay Area has been a landslide hotspot, putting houses and lives at risk. Now geologists are using new high-tech tools to understand and predict these natural disasters.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1334274920,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":41},"headData":{"title":"Landslide Detectives | KQED","description":"With its rolling hills and winter storms, the Bay Area has been a landslide hotspot, putting houses and lives at risk. Now geologists are using new high-tech tools to understand and predict these natural disasters.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Landslide Detectives","datePublished":"2007-07-17T18:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2012-04-12T23:55:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17379 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/landslide-detectives/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/07/17/landslide-detectives/","disqusTitle":"Landslide Detectives","path":"/quest/17379/landslide-detectives","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"114b_landslides\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With its rolling hills and winter storms, the Bay Area has been a landslide hotspot, putting houses and lives at risk. Now geologists are using new high-tech tools to understand and predict these natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17379/landslide-detectives","authors":["10169","239","10181"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_308","quest_3351","quest_1608","quest_10139","quest_3307","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2893","quest_3321","quest_3048"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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