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Credit: Melissae Fellet","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-400x313.png","width":400,"height":313,"mimeType":"image/png"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-640x372.png","width":640,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-64x64.png","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-96x96.png","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-128x128.png","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/png"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-75x75.png","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/png"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after.png","width":640,"height":500}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"melissaefellet":{"type":"authors","id":"10331","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10331","found":true},"name":"Melissae Fellet","firstName":"Melissae","lastName":"Fellet","slug":"melissaefellet","email":"melissae.fellet@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Melissae Fellet is a freelance science writer obsessed with electrons, atoms and molecules. Writing about chemistry, physics and technology, she hopes to reveal how the invisible building blocks of matter influence things like plastics, perfumed shampoos and the speedy computer chips we use everyday. She holds a BS in biochemistry and microbiology from the University of Florida and a PhD in chemistry from Washington University in St. Louis. She spends sunny days at her home in Santa Cruz either watching otters in the bay or tromping around the redwood forests.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Melissae Fellet | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/47ca62221ec1d28f17ff031462d02e0d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/melissaefellet"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_32020":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_32020","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"32020","score":null,"sort":[1331139615000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"try-this-at-home-invisible-ink","title":"Try This at Home: Invisible Ink","publishDate":1331139615,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32024\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/arnold-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32024\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/arnold-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Letter written by Benedict Arnold\" title=\"arnold resize\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32024\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A letter from the Revolutionary War with lines written in invisible ink. Credit: Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, the US Central Intelligence Agency released documents detailing \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/cia-recipe-for-invisible-ink-among-newly-released-wwi-era-documents/2011/04/19/AFn5Ej7D_story.html\">recipes for invisible ink from 1917 and 1918\u003c/a>. Among the recipes was a favorite ink recipe of German soliders during World War I -- crushed aspirin mixed with water. Though the ink is easily available, uncovering it required a complicated chemical developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other recipes in the CIA documents used solutions of iron, silver or copper salts as ink and developed the writing by heating the paper. This bit of history inspired my inner scientist and spy. Without access to chemicals in a lab, I experimented with invisible ink recipes using things I found around my house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Lemon juice and heat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDip a cotton swab or thin paintbrush in lemon juice. Write your message on white paper and let it dry. Hold the paper over a lamp, radiator or candle (but don’t let it catch fire!). The heat breaks down the acid into light-brown compounds, revealing your message forever. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how my experiment turned out. The top part of the picture is the paper before I held it over a candle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/kqed-b4-and-after-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32028\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/kqed-b4-and-after-resize.jpg\" alt=\"Lemon juice invisible ink\" title=\"kqed b4 and after resize\" width=\"640\" height=\"528\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32028\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/kqed-b4-and-after-resize.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/kqed-b4-and-after-resize-400x330.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using lemon juice as invisible ink, before and after developing with heat. Credit: Melissae Fellet\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Laundry detergent and black light\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhite shirts glow under black lights at a haunted house because the whitening agent in laundry detergent glows under ultraviolet light. Try writing your message using liquid laundry detergent. Holding the paper to a black light reveals a glowing message without damaging the paper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if spies intercept a message written with one of these inks, it’s likely they could decode it. We all can find something to heat paper. And black lights, though less common than candles, are still widely available. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To solve this problem, I borrowed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hanford.gov/c.cfm/oci/ci_spy.cfm?dossier=77\">trick from George Washington\u003c/a>: using two different chemicals to write and decode the message. Washington wrote with an watery ink containing iron salts. The receiver decoded the message by painting the paper with sodium carbonate, a chemical cousin of baking soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining ink supplies was crucial during Washington's day. Now a trip to the grocery store will keep you well supplied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Baking soda and grape juice\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMake a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mrsec.psu.edu/ipse/activities/vision/vision3_invisible_ink.asp\">paste of baking soda in water\u003c/a>. Write your message with this paste on a piece of paper and let it dry. To decode the message, paint the paper with thawed grape juice concentrate. The acidic juice reacts with the basic baking soda and the purple grape juice turns gray. This worked best when I used plenty of baking soda paste and undiluted grape juice concentrate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/quest-before-and-after/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32030\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after.png\" alt=\"Baking soda and grape juice invisible ink\" title=\"quest before and after\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32030\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-400x313.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Writing in baking soda and developing with grape juice. Credit: Melissae Fellet\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the pictures above, you can tell that the paper has been altered because the paper buckles as the watery lemon juice or baking soda paste dries. Traditionally, writers would re-steam the paper to remove the bumps after scribbling a message with wet ink. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://artofmanliness.com/2011/09/09/man-knowledge-the-history-of-invisible-ink/\">During the Cold War\u003c/a>, invisible ink technology improved enough to remove the time-consuming steaming step. Soviet and East German spy agencies developed chemical-coated paper similar to carbon paper we use today. Agents sandwiched this coated paper between two blank pieces of paper. Writing on the top sheet transferred the chemicals from the middle sheet to the bottom paper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oU2PkF9QLTQ\">hacking an ink-jet printer\u003c/a> to print lemon juice invisible ink would transfer your message without damaging the paper as well. I’d love to hear from someone who has tried this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have fun sending secret messages!\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many invisible ink recipes from the Revolutionary War and World War I used chemicals commonly found in labs. Write your own secret messages using ingredients in your house. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442786966,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":604},"headData":{"title":"Try This at Home: Invisible Ink | KQED","description":"Many invisible ink recipes from the Revolutionary War and World War I used chemicals commonly found in labs. Write your own secret messages using ingredients in your house. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Try This at Home: Invisible Ink","datePublished":"2012-03-07T17:00:15.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-20T22:09:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"32020 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=32020","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/","disqusTitle":"Try This at Home: Invisible Ink","path":"/quest/32020/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32024\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/arnold-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32024\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/arnold-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Letter written by Benedict Arnold\" title=\"arnold resize\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32024\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A letter from the Revolutionary War with lines written in invisible ink. Credit: Wikimedia Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, the US Central Intelligence Agency released documents detailing \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/cia-recipe-for-invisible-ink-among-newly-released-wwi-era-documents/2011/04/19/AFn5Ej7D_story.html\">recipes for invisible ink from 1917 and 1918\u003c/a>. Among the recipes was a favorite ink recipe of German soliders during World War I -- crushed aspirin mixed with water. Though the ink is easily available, uncovering it required a complicated chemical developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other recipes in the CIA documents used solutions of iron, silver or copper salts as ink and developed the writing by heating the paper. This bit of history inspired my inner scientist and spy. Without access to chemicals in a lab, I experimented with invisible ink recipes using things I found around my house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Lemon juice and heat\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDip a cotton swab or thin paintbrush in lemon juice. Write your message on white paper and let it dry. Hold the paper over a lamp, radiator or candle (but don’t let it catch fire!). The heat breaks down the acid into light-brown compounds, revealing your message forever. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how my experiment turned out. The top part of the picture is the paper before I held it over a candle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/kqed-b4-and-after-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32028\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/kqed-b4-and-after-resize.jpg\" alt=\"Lemon juice invisible ink\" title=\"kqed b4 and after resize\" width=\"640\" height=\"528\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32028\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/kqed-b4-and-after-resize.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/kqed-b4-and-after-resize-400x330.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using lemon juice as invisible ink, before and after developing with heat. Credit: Melissae Fellet\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Laundry detergent and black light\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhite shirts glow under black lights at a haunted house because the whitening agent in laundry detergent glows under ultraviolet light. Try writing your message using liquid laundry detergent. Holding the paper to a black light reveals a glowing message without damaging the paper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if spies intercept a message written with one of these inks, it’s likely they could decode it. We all can find something to heat paper. And black lights, though less common than candles, are still widely available. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To solve this problem, I borrowed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hanford.gov/c.cfm/oci/ci_spy.cfm?dossier=77\">trick from George Washington\u003c/a>: using two different chemicals to write and decode the message. Washington wrote with an watery ink containing iron salts. The receiver decoded the message by painting the paper with sodium carbonate, a chemical cousin of baking soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining ink supplies was crucial during Washington's day. Now a trip to the grocery store will keep you well supplied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Baking soda and grape juice\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMake a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mrsec.psu.edu/ipse/activities/vision/vision3_invisible_ink.asp\">paste of baking soda in water\u003c/a>. Write your message with this paste on a piece of paper and let it dry. To decode the message, paint the paper with thawed grape juice concentrate. The acidic juice reacts with the basic baking soda and the purple grape juice turns gray. This worked best when I used plenty of baking soda paste and undiluted grape juice concentrate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/07/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink/quest-before-and-after/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32030\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after.png\" alt=\"Baking soda and grape juice invisible ink\" title=\"quest before and after\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32030\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/quest-before-and-after-400x313.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Writing in baking soda and developing with grape juice. Credit: Melissae Fellet\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the pictures above, you can tell that the paper has been altered because the paper buckles as the watery lemon juice or baking soda paste dries. Traditionally, writers would re-steam the paper to remove the bumps after scribbling a message with wet ink. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://artofmanliness.com/2011/09/09/man-knowledge-the-history-of-invisible-ink/\">During the Cold War\u003c/a>, invisible ink technology improved enough to remove the time-consuming steaming step. Soviet and East German spy agencies developed chemical-coated paper similar to carbon paper we use today. Agents sandwiched this coated paper between two blank pieces of paper. Writing on the top sheet transferred the chemicals from the middle sheet to the bottom paper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oU2PkF9QLTQ\">hacking an ink-jet printer\u003c/a> to print lemon juice invisible ink would transfer your message without damaging the paper as well. I’d love to hear from someone who has tried this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have fun sending secret messages!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/32020/try-this-at-home-invisible-ink","authors":["10331"],"categories":["quest_5"],"tags":["quest_10750","quest_13"],"featImg":"quest_32030","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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