With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters
Fear and Loathing in Wolf Country
Trophy Hunting: For the Love of Blood and Money
California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts
The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions
Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns
‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner
Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species
Hog Wild
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She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liza Gross | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lizagross"},"chris-bauer":{"type":"authors","id":"10169","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10169","found":true},"name":"Chris Bauer","firstName":"Chris","lastName":"Bauer","slug":"chris-bauer","email":"cbauer@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Chris Bauer is a Freelance Media Producer with over 20 years experience working in broadcast television; producing sports, history, technology, science, environment and adventure related programming. He is a two-time winner of the international Society of Environmental Journalists Award for Outstanding Television Story and has received multiple Northern California Emmy Awards. Some of his Quest stories have been featured in the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, United Nations Association Film Festival, the BLUE Ocean Film Festival and the Environmental Film Festival in Washington DC. A 5th generation Bay Area resident and a graduate of St. Mary's College of California, his hobbies include canoeing, snowboarding, wood-working and trying to play the ukulele. He and his family live in Alameda, CA.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Chris Bauer | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/chris-bauer"},"jennifer-skene":{"type":"authors","id":"10200","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10200","found":true},"name":"Jennifer Skene","firstName":"Jennifer","lastName":"Skene","slug":"jennifer-skene","email":"jen@skene.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. She has a degree in biology from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from UC Berkeley. She started working with QUEST in 2008 as an intern. She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jennifer Skene | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jennifer-skene"},"carolynbeeler":{"type":"authors","id":"10274","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10274","found":true},"name":"Carolyn Beeler","firstName":"Carolyn","lastName":"Beeler","slug":"carolynbeeler","email":"cbeeler@whyy.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Carolyn Beeler is a health and science reporter at WHYY in Philadelphia. She studied print journalism but caught the radio bug as a Kroc Fellow at NPR. Her work has taken her to the bottom of a bat cave and the middle of a jellyfish-infested bay, and her pieces have aired nationally on Morning Edition, All Things Considered and Weekend Edition. She has worked as a journalist in Chicago, Washington, D.C., Seattle and Cape Town, South Africa. Carolyn studied journalism at Northwestern University.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80491078c3441d3543b88cc94bd78164?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Carolyn Beeler | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80491078c3441d3543b88cc94bd78164?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80491078c3441d3543b88cc94bd78164?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/carolynbeeler"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_55378":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_55378","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"55378","score":null,"sort":[1371204347000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters","title":"With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters","publishDate":1371204347,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-17-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56773\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56773\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After teetering on the brink of extinction 30 years ago, the California condor has made a gradual recovery in the state. But scientists say hunters are hampering a full recovery – not because they’re shooting at condors, but because the giant scavenger birds swallow lead bullet fragments when hunters leave an animal carcass behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of lead bullets in hunting across the state. It would be the first statewide ban in the country and in the midst of a tense national debate over gun rights, the bill, AB 711, is raising controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor’s incremental recovery has taken longer than many expected, demanding substantial resources. “There’s plenty of other species to be focusing on,” said Kelly Sorenson, a biologist with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ventanaws.org/\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>. “But instead we’re entrenched in this very intensive effort to save this species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson is ensconced in a spot along the Pacific Coast Highway, overlooking a large, rotting gray whale carcass, washed up on a beach. The windswept stretch of Big Sur coast is prime condor country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56800\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56800\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200-504x360.jpg\" alt=\"condor-biobox-1200\" width=\"353\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, from a condor point of view this is a smorgasbord,” Sorenson says. “This is dinner for months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over the hill, two condors come soaring out of the trees. “This might be a breeding pair,” he says. “They’re both adults, I can tell from here. They have a bright red head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Condors resemble turkey vultures, but dominate the skies with an imposing nine-foot wingspan. Sorenson scans their wings with binoculars, looking for numbers. “I can almost make it out. It looks like it might be 51.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t many condors without numbered tags, because most were born in captivity. Centuries ago, condors ranged from Canada to Texas. But by 1982, under pressure from hunting and habitat loss, only 22 remained. Scientists took them out of the wild in a last-ditch effort to save the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fortunately they bred very well in captivity and we started reintroducing condors to Big Sur in 1997,” Sorenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a slow recovery since. Today, there are about 400 condors in California, Arizona and Mexico, including a large portion in captivity. On California’s central coast, just 70 live in the wild. It could be why Sorenson is having trouble shaking what happened the day before we met. His team found one of those condors dead, a male that Sorensen had been tracking for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes it especially hard when one of those birds dies,” he says. “But if it’s what it usually is, which is lead poisoning, it makes it even harder to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson’s team traps condors twice a year to test for lead poisoning. If they catch a case in time, the bird is taken to a treatment center in Southern California. Ten condors have already been treated this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Condor Forensics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56804\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56804 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200-576x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"403\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The problem is really epidemic,” says toxicologist Myra Finkelstein. “These California condors are exposed to chronic harmful levels of lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lab at the University of California-Santa Cruz, Finkelstein holds up a vial with a small shard of metal: a lead bullet fragment found in the digestive system of a dead condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is enough lead to poison and potentially kill a condor,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, condors will feed on any dead animal, including carcasses or partial carcasses left by hunters or ranchers. “They’ll come to eat it and they inadvertently will also ingest these fragments,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through tests on hundreds of condor blood samples and feathers, Finkelstein’s lab has worked to trace the source of lead. In the majority of cases, she says it matches the \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/06/condors-and-lead.html\">chemical profile of lead bullets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, former Governor Arnold Schwarzengger banned the use of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/hunting/condor/\">lead bullets in hunting\u003c/a> in 1997, but only in condor territory. Condors are still showing high levels of lead, which can shut down their digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It only takes one meal so that’s why the problem is so severe,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the California legislature is considering taking the ban a step further by banning lead bullets for hunting statewide. Lead ammunition could still be used at shooting ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Casting Doubt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what the source of the soluble lead is,” says Chuck Michel, an attorney for the National Rifle Association. “There are multiple sources of soluble lead in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56808\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56808 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200-585x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"410\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The NRA and other gun groups have targeted the scientific research, saying the lead could be coming from paint or garbage dumps. Hunters could use copper ammunition as an alternative, but it’s often twice as expensive. A box of 20 rounds that costs $25 for lead, goes for around $50 for copper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It prices a lot of people out of the market,” says Michel. “If it’s mandatory, there’s really going to be a lot less people that can afford to go hunting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why gun groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntfortruth.org/site/\">see the bill as a threat\u003c/a>. “This is a way to bring a cultural attack on hunting and sportsmen and women,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard all the same arguments in the late 80s and early 90s,” says Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society of the United States, referring to when lead shot was banned in duck-and-goose hunting nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It actually restrains very little about activities with guns,” she says. “It just requires that a bullet be made of one metal rather than another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead was phased out of paint and gasoline decades ago. While AB 711 wouldn’t prohibit the sale of lead bullets, Fearing believes it would still be effective and could help other wildlife that also scavenge, like eagles and hawks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just going to take some time, quite frankly, for ranchers and others to switch the ammunition they use on their properties and just for the culture within the hunting community to move to a place where they accept their responsibility,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead ammunition bill has already passed the California Assembly and is now being considered by the state Senate, where its chances look favorable.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lead poisoning is a major obstacle to recovery for the endangered California condor, but a bill to address the problem has gun owners up in arms.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371834685,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1132},"headData":{"title":"With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters | KQED","description":"Lead poisoning is a major obstacle to recovery for the endangered California condor, but a bill to address the problem has gun owners up in arms.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters","datePublished":"2013-06-14T10:05:47.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-21T17:11:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55378 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55378","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/14/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/","disqusTitle":"With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters","path":"/quest/55378/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-17-science.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-17-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56773\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56773\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After teetering on the brink of extinction 30 years ago, the California condor has made a gradual recovery in the state. But scientists say hunters are hampering a full recovery – not because they’re shooting at condors, but because the giant scavenger birds swallow lead bullet fragments when hunters leave an animal carcass behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of lead bullets in hunting across the state. It would be the first statewide ban in the country and in the midst of a tense national debate over gun rights, the bill, AB 711, is raising controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor’s incremental recovery has taken longer than many expected, demanding substantial resources. “There’s plenty of other species to be focusing on,” said Kelly Sorenson, a biologist with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ventanaws.org/\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>. “But instead we’re entrenched in this very intensive effort to save this species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson is ensconced in a spot along the Pacific Coast Highway, overlooking a large, rotting gray whale carcass, washed up on a beach. The windswept stretch of Big Sur coast is prime condor country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56800\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56800\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200-504x360.jpg\" alt=\"condor-biobox-1200\" width=\"353\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, from a condor point of view this is a smorgasbord,” Sorenson says. “This is dinner for months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over the hill, two condors come soaring out of the trees. “This might be a breeding pair,” he says. “They’re both adults, I can tell from here. They have a bright red head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Condors resemble turkey vultures, but dominate the skies with an imposing nine-foot wingspan. Sorenson scans their wings with binoculars, looking for numbers. “I can almost make it out. It looks like it might be 51.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t many condors without numbered tags, because most were born in captivity. Centuries ago, condors ranged from Canada to Texas. But by 1982, under pressure from hunting and habitat loss, only 22 remained. Scientists took them out of the wild in a last-ditch effort to save the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fortunately they bred very well in captivity and we started reintroducing condors to Big Sur in 1997,” Sorenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a slow recovery since. Today, there are about 400 condors in California, Arizona and Mexico, including a large portion in captivity. On California’s central coast, just 70 live in the wild. It could be why Sorenson is having trouble shaking what happened the day before we met. His team found one of those condors dead, a male that Sorensen had been tracking for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes it especially hard when one of those birds dies,” he says. “But if it’s what it usually is, which is lead poisoning, it makes it even harder to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson’s team traps condors twice a year to test for lead poisoning. If they catch a case in time, the bird is taken to a treatment center in Southern California. Ten condors have already been treated this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Condor Forensics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56804\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56804 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200-576x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"403\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The problem is really epidemic,” says toxicologist Myra Finkelstein. “These California condors are exposed to chronic harmful levels of lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lab at the University of California-Santa Cruz, Finkelstein holds up a vial with a small shard of metal: a lead bullet fragment found in the digestive system of a dead condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is enough lead to poison and potentially kill a condor,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, condors will feed on any dead animal, including carcasses or partial carcasses left by hunters or ranchers. “They’ll come to eat it and they inadvertently will also ingest these fragments,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through tests on hundreds of condor blood samples and feathers, Finkelstein’s lab has worked to trace the source of lead. In the majority of cases, she says it matches the \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/06/condors-and-lead.html\">chemical profile of lead bullets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, former Governor Arnold Schwarzengger banned the use of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/hunting/condor/\">lead bullets in hunting\u003c/a> in 1997, but only in condor territory. Condors are still showing high levels of lead, which can shut down their digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It only takes one meal so that’s why the problem is so severe,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the California legislature is considering taking the ban a step further by banning lead bullets for hunting statewide. Lead ammunition could still be used at shooting ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Casting Doubt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what the source of the soluble lead is,” says Chuck Michel, an attorney for the National Rifle Association. “There are multiple sources of soluble lead in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56808\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56808 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200-585x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"410\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The NRA and other gun groups have targeted the scientific research, saying the lead could be coming from paint or garbage dumps. Hunters could use copper ammunition as an alternative, but it’s often twice as expensive. A box of 20 rounds that costs $25 for lead, goes for around $50 for copper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It prices a lot of people out of the market,” says Michel. “If it’s mandatory, there’s really going to be a lot less people that can afford to go hunting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why gun groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntfortruth.org/site/\">see the bill as a threat\u003c/a>. “This is a way to bring a cultural attack on hunting and sportsmen and women,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard all the same arguments in the late 80s and early 90s,” says Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society of the United States, referring to when lead shot was banned in duck-and-goose hunting nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It actually restrains very little about activities with guns,” she says. “It just requires that a bullet be made of one metal rather than another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead was phased out of paint and gasoline decades ago. While AB 711 wouldn’t prohibit the sale of lead bullets, Fearing believes it would still be effective and could help other wildlife that also scavenge, like eagles and hawks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just going to take some time, quite frankly, for ranchers and others to switch the ammunition they use on their properties and just for the culture within the hunting community to move to a place where they accept their responsibility,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead ammunition bill has already passed the California Assembly and is now being considered by the state Senate, where its chances look favorable.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55378/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_12112","quest_252","quest_326","quest_12110","quest_981","quest_1419","quest_3351","quest_1585","quest_12111","quest_2141","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_56773","label":"quest"},"quest_48910":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_48910","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"48910","score":null,"sort":[1358956818000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country","title":"Fear and Loathing in Wolf Country","publishDate":1358956818,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48912\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/wolf-with-scavengers-sized/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48912\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-48912\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/wolf-with-scavengers-sized-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"wolf with elk\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone in the 1990s, researchers had a rare chance to study the top predators' effects on the ecosystem after a long absence. They found that wolves help buffer the impact of deteriorating environmental conditions by providing food for scavengers. (Photo: Dan Hartman via PLOS Biology doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030132)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first rays of daylight have just reached the banks of Southeast Alaska’s Chilkat River when I hear the unmistakable cries of the world’s most hated predator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinctive yowls—at first plaintive then veering toward gregarious—seem to rise from the bowels of the mountains beyond the river, echoing miles across the valley to tickle the hair on my very cold head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves live throughout the Chilkat Valley. You can sometimes see their tracks in the snow. But as night turns to day, they head for the hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You won’t see those wolves come down to the flats,” a visiting biologist tells me. “They know they’ll get shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska Fish and Game officials guess that some 7,000 to 11,000 wolves inhabit the state. Yet even though the agency has no protocol to produce “meaningful estimates” of wolf abundance in the Chilkat Range, it extended hunting and trapping seasons there in 2005. And state officials still shoot wolves from helicopters under a euphemistically named \u003ca href=\"http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=intensivemanagement.main\">“intensive management” program\u003c/a> to appease hunters who blame the predators for declining ungulate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the US Fish and Wildlife Service removed the embattled canine from the endangered species list in Wyoming, Idaho and Montana, setting the stage for a legal killing spree that claimed at least 850 wolves in the Northern Rockies in less than two years. Last week, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdisplay.com/pressdisplay/viewer.aspx\">San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a> that the fast and furious killings have wildlife experts here worried about the fate of OR7, the only wolf to set foot in California since the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-year-old solo lobo (the seventh wolf to get a radio-tagged collar from Oregon wildlife officials) left his pack in Oregon, as young males are wont to do, to strike out on his own and find a mate, a new pack or perhaps unclaimed territory. His brother, OR9, was among the unlucky wolves killed by Idaho hunters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48914\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/lynxhomepageimage/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48914\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-48914\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/LynxHomePageImage.jpg\" alt=\"canada lynx\" width=\"440\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/LynxHomePageImage.jpg 440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/LynxHomePageImage-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The loss of wolves may have set the stage for an ecological domino effect: no wolves, led to more coyotes, which eat the lynx's preferred food, the snowshoe hare, and more ungulates, which eat the vegetation that shelters and feeds the hare.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Ecology 101 tells us that healthy ecosystems need top predators, researchers are just beginning to understand how the presence—and absence—of wolves affects other species. \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030092\">One study found\u003c/a> that wolves may buffer the effects of climate change in Yellowstone National Park, where winters have been getting shorter, by leaving their moose and elk leftovers for eagles, ravens, coyotes and other scavengers. \u003ca href=\"http://fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/files/PDFs/Beschta/Ripple2011WSB.pdf\">Another paper\u003c/a> suggests that the absence of wolves may explain the precarious status of the Canada lynx. No wolves means more coyotes—which hunt snowshoe hares, the lynx’s favorite food—and more elk and deer—which eat the shrubby vegetation that sustain and shelter hares. And a 2011 paper in \u003ca href=\"http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/25603/RippleWilliam.Forestry.TrophicCascadesYellowstone.pdf?sequence=3\">Biological Conservation \u003c/a>supports earlier work showing that wolves in Yellowstone influence the behavior of deer and elk, releasing grazing pressure on vegetation, which in turn increases songbird habitat and diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists slowly uncover the top predator’s secrets, deliberations over its management are notoriously contentious. Still, for all the ink spilled on high-pitched battles to control the wolf’s fate, researchers know surprisingly little about the cognitive roots of our attitudes toward \u003cem>Canis lupus.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do we hate and fear the wolf?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48915\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 504px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/0107_imnaha_pack_alpha_male_odfw/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48915\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-48915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/0107_imnaha_pack_alpha_male_odfw-504x360.jpg\" alt=\"Imnaha wolf \" width=\"504\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The alpha male of the Imnaha wolf pack--where OR7 came from--awakes from being tranquilized after being refitted with a working GPS collar by ODFW, May 19, 2011. (Photo courtesy of ODFW)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10871209.2012.619001\">paper published last year\u003c/a> in the journal Human Dimensions of Wildlife, researchers found that people who view wolves and bears as dangerous and unpredictable were more likely to fear them. And whether you see carnivores like wolves as a fearsome threat to life and property or a vital link in a healthy ecosystem depends on your cultural roots, as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu/people/treves/Pubs/Shelley_etal_Ojibwe_wolves.pdf\">2011 study of wolf conflicts\u003c/a> in Wisconsin makes clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1960, extirpation campaigns had eliminated wolves in Wisconsin (and nearly everywhere else in the United States). The population rebounded by 2009 under a policy of protection. But as wolves increased, so did reports of attacks on livestock and hunting dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most non-Indian residents in Wisconsin support public hunts in retaliation. But no one had bothered to ask the Bad River Band of Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe, or Anishinabe, in their language), researchers noted, even though treaty rights give the tribe an interest in land that includes a large swath of wolf territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Ojibwe creation story, the Creator gave Original Man a brother in the form of a wolf to “walk through the world together.” When the pair was forced to part, the bond would remain, the Creator told them, and whatever happened to one would happen to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, Ojibwe tribal members, who grew up hearing these stories, had far more positive views of wolves, and were less likely than non-Indian respondents to support killing them for taking livestock or pets. In the survey, one tribal member wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wolves were harvested [historically] by Native Americans, however the wolf selected was harvested compassionately. Usually it was those wolves disconnected from the pack and scavenging. Those wolves were less likely to survive without the pack; just as an Anishinabe would less likely be Anishinabe without the tribe.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to embrace the wolf as a brother—or hear what wildlife biologist Durward Allen called “the jubilation” in their howls—to appreciate that the people who walked with wolves for thousands of years before Europeans showed up might suggest a path toward coexistence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin wolf managers have already enlisted Ojibwe tribal members to work with them to resolve human-wolf conflicts with positive results. Wildlife officials throughout wolf country—which could include California if we give OR7 and his fellow travelers a chance—might consider a similar approach.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After federal wildlife officials removed endangered species protections on wolves in the Rocky Mountains, hunters quickly killed them by the hundreds. If California's lone wolf leaves the state, he could meet a similar fate.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753220,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1082},"headData":{"title":"Fear and Loathing in Wolf Country | KQED","description":"After federal wildlife officials removed endangered species protections on wolves in the Rocky Mountains, hunters quickly killed them by the hundreds. If California's lone wolf leaves the state, he could meet a similar fate.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Fear and Loathing in Wolf Country","datePublished":"2013-01-23T16:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:40:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"48910 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=48910","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/","disqusTitle":"Fear and Loathing in Wolf Country","path":"/quest/48910/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48912\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/wolf-with-scavengers-sized/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48912\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-48912\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/wolf-with-scavengers-sized-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"wolf with elk\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone in the 1990s, researchers had a rare chance to study the top predators' effects on the ecosystem after a long absence. They found that wolves help buffer the impact of deteriorating environmental conditions by providing food for scavengers. (Photo: Dan Hartman via PLOS Biology doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030132)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first rays of daylight have just reached the banks of Southeast Alaska’s Chilkat River when I hear the unmistakable cries of the world’s most hated predator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinctive yowls—at first plaintive then veering toward gregarious—seem to rise from the bowels of the mountains beyond the river, echoing miles across the valley to tickle the hair on my very cold head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves live throughout the Chilkat Valley. You can sometimes see their tracks in the snow. But as night turns to day, they head for the hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You won’t see those wolves come down to the flats,” a visiting biologist tells me. “They know they’ll get shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska Fish and Game officials guess that some 7,000 to 11,000 wolves inhabit the state. Yet even though the agency has no protocol to produce “meaningful estimates” of wolf abundance in the Chilkat Range, it extended hunting and trapping seasons there in 2005. And state officials still shoot wolves from helicopters under a euphemistically named \u003ca href=\"http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=intensivemanagement.main\">“intensive management” program\u003c/a> to appease hunters who blame the predators for declining ungulate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the US Fish and Wildlife Service removed the embattled canine from the endangered species list in Wyoming, Idaho and Montana, setting the stage for a legal killing spree that claimed at least 850 wolves in the Northern Rockies in less than two years. Last week, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdisplay.com/pressdisplay/viewer.aspx\">San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a> that the fast and furious killings have wildlife experts here worried about the fate of OR7, the only wolf to set foot in California since the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-year-old solo lobo (the seventh wolf to get a radio-tagged collar from Oregon wildlife officials) left his pack in Oregon, as young males are wont to do, to strike out on his own and find a mate, a new pack or perhaps unclaimed territory. His brother, OR9, was among the unlucky wolves killed by Idaho hunters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48914\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/lynxhomepageimage/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48914\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-48914\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/LynxHomePageImage.jpg\" alt=\"canada lynx\" width=\"440\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/LynxHomePageImage.jpg 440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/LynxHomePageImage-400x273.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The loss of wolves may have set the stage for an ecological domino effect: no wolves, led to more coyotes, which eat the lynx's preferred food, the snowshoe hare, and more ungulates, which eat the vegetation that shelters and feeds the hare.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Ecology 101 tells us that healthy ecosystems need top predators, researchers are just beginning to understand how the presence—and absence—of wolves affects other species. \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030092\">One study found\u003c/a> that wolves may buffer the effects of climate change in Yellowstone National Park, where winters have been getting shorter, by leaving their moose and elk leftovers for eagles, ravens, coyotes and other scavengers. \u003ca href=\"http://fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/fes.forestry.oregonstate.edu/files/PDFs/Beschta/Ripple2011WSB.pdf\">Another paper\u003c/a> suggests that the absence of wolves may explain the precarious status of the Canada lynx. No wolves means more coyotes—which hunt snowshoe hares, the lynx’s favorite food—and more elk and deer—which eat the shrubby vegetation that sustain and shelter hares. And a 2011 paper in \u003ca href=\"http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/25603/RippleWilliam.Forestry.TrophicCascadesYellowstone.pdf?sequence=3\">Biological Conservation \u003c/a>supports earlier work showing that wolves in Yellowstone influence the behavior of deer and elk, releasing grazing pressure on vegetation, which in turn increases songbird habitat and diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists slowly uncover the top predator’s secrets, deliberations over its management are notoriously contentious. Still, for all the ink spilled on high-pitched battles to control the wolf’s fate, researchers know surprisingly little about the cognitive roots of our attitudes toward \u003cem>Canis lupus.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do we hate and fear the wolf?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48915\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 504px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/23/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country/0107_imnaha_pack_alpha_male_odfw/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48915\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-48915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/0107_imnaha_pack_alpha_male_odfw-504x360.jpg\" alt=\"Imnaha wolf \" width=\"504\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The alpha male of the Imnaha wolf pack--where OR7 came from--awakes from being tranquilized after being refitted with a working GPS collar by ODFW, May 19, 2011. (Photo courtesy of ODFW)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10871209.2012.619001\">paper published last year\u003c/a> in the journal Human Dimensions of Wildlife, researchers found that people who view wolves and bears as dangerous and unpredictable were more likely to fear them. And whether you see carnivores like wolves as a fearsome threat to life and property or a vital link in a healthy ecosystem depends on your cultural roots, as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nelson.wisc.edu/people/treves/Pubs/Shelley_etal_Ojibwe_wolves.pdf\">2011 study of wolf conflicts\u003c/a> in Wisconsin makes clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1960, extirpation campaigns had eliminated wolves in Wisconsin (and nearly everywhere else in the United States). The population rebounded by 2009 under a policy of protection. But as wolves increased, so did reports of attacks on livestock and hunting dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most non-Indian residents in Wisconsin support public hunts in retaliation. But no one had bothered to ask the Bad River Band of Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe, or Anishinabe, in their language), researchers noted, even though treaty rights give the tribe an interest in land that includes a large swath of wolf territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Ojibwe creation story, the Creator gave Original Man a brother in the form of a wolf to “walk through the world together.” When the pair was forced to part, the bond would remain, the Creator told them, and whatever happened to one would happen to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, Ojibwe tribal members, who grew up hearing these stories, had far more positive views of wolves, and were less likely than non-Indian respondents to support killing them for taking livestock or pets. In the survey, one tribal member wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wolves were harvested [historically] by Native Americans, however the wolf selected was harvested compassionately. Usually it was those wolves disconnected from the pack and scavenging. Those wolves were less likely to survive without the pack; just as an Anishinabe would less likely be Anishinabe without the tribe.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to embrace the wolf as a brother—or hear what wildlife biologist Durward Allen called “the jubilation” in their howls—to appreciate that the people who walked with wolves for thousands of years before Europeans showed up might suggest a path toward coexistence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin wolf managers have already enlisted Ojibwe tribal members to work with them to resolve human-wolf conflicts with positive results. Wildlife officials throughout wolf country—which could include California if we give OR7 and his fellow travelers a chance—might consider a similar approach.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/48910/fear-and-loathing-in-wolf-country","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_102","quest_326","quest_684","quest_13198","quest_1419","quest_11687","quest_13202","quest_3178"],"featImg":"quest_48912","label":"quest"},"quest_47050":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_47050","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"47050","score":null,"sort":[1352910764000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money","title":"Trophy Hunting: For the Love of Blood and Money","publishDate":1352910764,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47053\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/14/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money/grizzly_denali/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47053\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Grizzly_Denali-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzly bear \" title=\"Grizzly Bear, Denali National Park\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-47053\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis, in Denali National Park, Alaska. Trophy hunters routinely pay $14,500 to guides for the chance to bag a grizzly. (Photo: Diliff, Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As long as I can remember, I’ve wondered about the inner lives of animals in the wild. I spent many a Sunday evening sprawled wide-eyed on the living room floor mesmerized by Marlin Perkins’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWzK5NDUaFfkI\">“Wild Kingdom,”\u003c/a> puzzling over the ways species exotic and familiar navigate their world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The show pioneered the use of documentary footage to explain complex ecological interactions and raise awareness about the threats facing wildlife around the globe. I was barely five when I starting watching it, but the show had a profound effect on my view of the natural world. Far from the peaceable kingdom in my bedtime stories, Perkins gave me an object lesson in Tennyson’s nature red in tooth and claw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could never bring myself to watch the inevitable encounters between gazelle and cheetah, lion and wildebeest, Perkins’ avuncular narration doing little to mollify my discomfort. (His lessons in survival of the fittest included starving lions who never mastered the art of the hunt.) Still, I accepted them as the way of the wild, scenarios born of intricate ecological interactions that evolved over a time scale I had yet to grasp. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a movie billed as an Alaska wilderness adventure came to town, my mother took me as a special treat. To her dismay and my horror, the movie turned out to be a wildlife snuff film, an orgy of caribou, moose and grizzlies being gunned down against a pristine wilderness backdrop. I spent most of it hiding my face in my mom’s shoulder. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think the movie’s title, “Alaskan Safari,” would have been a giveaway. But we weren’t big on hunting. For us, “safari” meant travel to exotic places to watch wildlife, not kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/14/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money/chilkatvalley/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47054\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/chilkatvalley-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Chilkat Valley, Alaska\" title=\"chilkat valley\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-47054\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chilkat Valley north of Haines, Alaska, is home to diverse species, including eagles, black and brown bears, wolves, wolverines and salmon. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I thought of that movie on a recent trip to Alaska, my first. Nearly everyone I met in the little town of Haines, a four-and-a-half-hour ferry ride north of Juneau, cited the rugged beauty of the landscape as the main attraction though disdain for rules, regulations and other people seems, for some, to run a close second. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Haines, many people still make a living or stock their pantries from the resource-rich land. Most smoke, dry and can enough salmon to make it through the winter. Some take a moose during the three-week hunting season, more than enough meat to feed a family of four for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hunters I talked to pride themselves on their intimate knowledge of the landscape and its inhabitants, and on having the wherewithal to feed themselves from the marine and terrestrial bounty around them. They’re a different breed of hunter from the trophy hunters celebrated in “Alaskan Safari.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trophy hunters still travel to Alaska to shell out big bucks to the 539 \u003ca href=\"http://www.conneroutdoors.com/hunting/alaska.html\">big game outfitters\u003c/a> registered in the state. Hunters pay thousands of dollars for the chance to shoot musk ox, caribou, polar bears (yes, polar bears), black bears, wolves, Dall’s sheep \u003ca href=\"http://www.alaskatrophyadventures.com/hunt04.htm\">and of course grizzlies\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akmountainsafaris.com/prices.htm\">which can command up to $14,500.\u003c/a> (By state law, non-residents must hunt with a registered guide.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the history of big game hunting in Alaska features a rogues’ gallery of guides deploying everything short of rocket launchers to guarantee kills. One technique uses low-flying planes to frighten animals into the path of waiting hunters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, that’s exactly what Ron Hayes, the director of “Alaskan Safari,” did to keep his clients happy. A US Fish and Wildlife Service agent called him “probably the most notorious bandit guide that ever lived,” after Hayes was convicted in 1987 for illegally hunting grizzlies by plane. Hayes was forced to forfeit several planes, fined thousands of dollars and served two years in jail. (While in jail, the same FWS officer \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/26/us/poachers-enlisted-to-save-big-game.html\">convinced him to tell other hunters \u003c/a>about the negative impacts of poaching in educational videos.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes now runs a fishing lodge in Alaska. On \u003ca href=\"http://www.alaskarainbowlodge.com/alaska-fishing-blog/\">his Web site\u003c/a>, he boasts about taking Jimmy Dean, Cornell Wilde, William Shatner and Lee Majors on hunts. He acknowledges that poaching was neither sporting nor ethical. “If I had to do it over again, I would do it legal,” he says. “But that doesn’t take away the fact that we were good at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ecoculturalgroup.msu.edu/Reading%20the%20Trophy%20RVST_18_02_04.pdf\">2003 paper in the journal Visual Studies\u003c/a>, two sociologists reviewed hundreds of photos in 14 popular hunting magazines, looking for themes in the photos of carcasses. They tested the notion in traditional hunting narratives that trophy displays pay tribute to the beauty of nature and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of love and respect for nature and individual animals,” the researchers reported, “we found extreme objectification of animal bodies, with severed deer heads and cut-off antlers representative examples of the contradiction in the love-of-nature hunting stereotype.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During my short stay in Haines, I learned how the Tlingits—who call themselves the People of the Tides—view the wildlife they’ve lived with for thousands of years. Like other indigenous people, they believe that all the animals (and the rivers, rocks and plants) have spirits just like us. They wear symbols of the animals to make their spirits feel more concrete. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bear holds a special place in \u003ca href=\"http://www.carnegiemnh.org/online/indians/tlingit/transformations.html\">Tlingit mythology\u003c/a>. Considered a close human relative, the bear symbolizes the connection between animals and humans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, researchers knew very little about the inner lives of bears. But two preliminary studies published since August showed that captive \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822244\">black bears can “count”\u003c/a>—recognize the number of dots in an image—\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347212003284\">and learn concepts\u003c/a>, suggesting the average bear is indeed pretty smart. Study author Jennifer Vonk, a comparative psychologist at Oakland University in Michigan, told National Geographic News that bears have been neglected by cognitive scientists but “may show abilities similar to species more like humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So bears are, as the Tlingit believe, a lot like us. Bears, however, hunt only to survive. They eat what they kill. That's the way of nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trophy hunters — people who kill for entertainment, or to gratify their egos — are a whole different breed. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trophy hunters routinely pay thousands of dollars for the chance to kill big game like caribou, moose, black bear and especially grizzly bear. Trophy hunting narratives boast a love of nature. But some sociologists find a different story. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1356732326,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1115},"headData":{"title":"Trophy Hunting: For the Love of Blood and Money | KQED","description":"Trophy hunters routinely pay thousands of dollars for the chance to kill big game like caribou, moose, black bear and especially grizzly bear. Trophy hunting narratives boast a love of nature. But some sociologists find a different story. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Trophy Hunting: For the Love of Blood and Money","datePublished":"2012-11-14T16:32:44.000Z","dateModified":"2012-12-28T22:05:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47050 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=47050","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/14/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money/","disqusTitle":"Trophy Hunting: For the Love of Blood and Money","path":"/quest/47050/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47053\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/14/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money/grizzly_denali/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47053\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/Grizzly_Denali-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzly bear \" title=\"Grizzly Bear, Denali National Park\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-47053\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis, in Denali National Park, Alaska. Trophy hunters routinely pay $14,500 to guides for the chance to bag a grizzly. (Photo: Diliff, Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As long as I can remember, I’ve wondered about the inner lives of animals in the wild. I spent many a Sunday evening sprawled wide-eyed on the living room floor mesmerized by Marlin Perkins’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/channel/SWzK5NDUaFfkI\">“Wild Kingdom,”\u003c/a> puzzling over the ways species exotic and familiar navigate their world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The show pioneered the use of documentary footage to explain complex ecological interactions and raise awareness about the threats facing wildlife around the globe. I was barely five when I starting watching it, but the show had a profound effect on my view of the natural world. Far from the peaceable kingdom in my bedtime stories, Perkins gave me an object lesson in Tennyson’s nature red in tooth and claw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could never bring myself to watch the inevitable encounters between gazelle and cheetah, lion and wildebeest, Perkins’ avuncular narration doing little to mollify my discomfort. (His lessons in survival of the fittest included starving lions who never mastered the art of the hunt.) Still, I accepted them as the way of the wild, scenarios born of intricate ecological interactions that evolved over a time scale I had yet to grasp. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a movie billed as an Alaska wilderness adventure came to town, my mother took me as a special treat. To her dismay and my horror, the movie turned out to be a wildlife snuff film, an orgy of caribou, moose and grizzlies being gunned down against a pristine wilderness backdrop. I spent most of it hiding my face in my mom’s shoulder. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think the movie’s title, “Alaskan Safari,” would have been a giveaway. But we weren’t big on hunting. For us, “safari” meant travel to exotic places to watch wildlife, not kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/14/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money/chilkatvalley/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-47054\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/chilkatvalley-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Chilkat Valley, Alaska\" title=\"chilkat valley\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-47054\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chilkat Valley north of Haines, Alaska, is home to diverse species, including eagles, black and brown bears, wolves, wolverines and salmon. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I thought of that movie on a recent trip to Alaska, my first. Nearly everyone I met in the little town of Haines, a four-and-a-half-hour ferry ride north of Juneau, cited the rugged beauty of the landscape as the main attraction though disdain for rules, regulations and other people seems, for some, to run a close second. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Haines, many people still make a living or stock their pantries from the resource-rich land. Most smoke, dry and can enough salmon to make it through the winter. Some take a moose during the three-week hunting season, more than enough meat to feed a family of four for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hunters I talked to pride themselves on their intimate knowledge of the landscape and its inhabitants, and on having the wherewithal to feed themselves from the marine and terrestrial bounty around them. They’re a different breed of hunter from the trophy hunters celebrated in “Alaskan Safari.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trophy hunters still travel to Alaska to shell out big bucks to the 539 \u003ca href=\"http://www.conneroutdoors.com/hunting/alaska.html\">big game outfitters\u003c/a> registered in the state. Hunters pay thousands of dollars for the chance to shoot musk ox, caribou, polar bears (yes, polar bears), black bears, wolves, Dall’s sheep \u003ca href=\"http://www.alaskatrophyadventures.com/hunt04.htm\">and of course grizzlies\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.akmountainsafaris.com/prices.htm\">which can command up to $14,500.\u003c/a> (By state law, non-residents must hunt with a registered guide.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the history of big game hunting in Alaska features a rogues’ gallery of guides deploying everything short of rocket launchers to guarantee kills. One technique uses low-flying planes to frighten animals into the path of waiting hunters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, that’s exactly what Ron Hayes, the director of “Alaskan Safari,” did to keep his clients happy. A US Fish and Wildlife Service agent called him “probably the most notorious bandit guide that ever lived,” after Hayes was convicted in 1987 for illegally hunting grizzlies by plane. Hayes was forced to forfeit several planes, fined thousands of dollars and served two years in jail. (While in jail, the same FWS officer \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/26/us/poachers-enlisted-to-save-big-game.html\">convinced him to tell other hunters \u003c/a>about the negative impacts of poaching in educational videos.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes now runs a fishing lodge in Alaska. On \u003ca href=\"http://www.alaskarainbowlodge.com/alaska-fishing-blog/\">his Web site\u003c/a>, he boasts about taking Jimmy Dean, Cornell Wilde, William Shatner and Lee Majors on hunts. He acknowledges that poaching was neither sporting nor ethical. “If I had to do it over again, I would do it legal,” he says. “But that doesn’t take away the fact that we were good at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ecoculturalgroup.msu.edu/Reading%20the%20Trophy%20RVST_18_02_04.pdf\">2003 paper in the journal Visual Studies\u003c/a>, two sociologists reviewed hundreds of photos in 14 popular hunting magazines, looking for themes in the photos of carcasses. They tested the notion in traditional hunting narratives that trophy displays pay tribute to the beauty of nature and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of love and respect for nature and individual animals,” the researchers reported, “we found extreme objectification of animal bodies, with severed deer heads and cut-off antlers representative examples of the contradiction in the love-of-nature hunting stereotype.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During my short stay in Haines, I learned how the Tlingits—who call themselves the People of the Tides—view the wildlife they’ve lived with for thousands of years. Like other indigenous people, they believe that all the animals (and the rivers, rocks and plants) have spirits just like us. They wear symbols of the animals to make their spirits feel more concrete. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bear holds a special place in \u003ca href=\"http://www.carnegiemnh.org/online/indians/tlingit/transformations.html\">Tlingit mythology\u003c/a>. Considered a close human relative, the bear symbolizes the connection between animals and humans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, researchers knew very little about the inner lives of bears. But two preliminary studies published since August showed that captive \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822244\">black bears can “count”\u003c/a>—recognize the number of dots in an image—\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347212003284\">and learn concepts\u003c/a>, suggesting the average bear is indeed pretty smart. Study author Jennifer Vonk, a comparative psychologist at Oakland University in Michigan, told National Geographic News that bears have been neglected by cognitive scientists but “may show abilities similar to species more like humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So bears are, as the Tlingit believe, a lot like us. Bears, however, hunt only to survive. They eat what they kill. That's the way of nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trophy hunters — people who kill for entertainment, or to gratify their egos — are a whole different breed. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/47050/trophy-hunting-for-the-love-of-blood-and-money","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_102","quest_11603","quest_11601","quest_684","quest_921","quest_11001","quest_1419","quest_11602","quest_13202","quest_11162"],"featImg":"quest_47053","label":"quest"},"quest_41545":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_41545","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"41545","score":null,"sort":[1343425555000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts","title":"California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts","publishDate":1343425555,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41547\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/BearHunting.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41547\" title=\"BearHunting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/BearHunting-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osage, one of Dan Tichenor's trailhounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You won’t find grizzly bears in California anymore, but black bears are plentiful and every year, hunters kill about 1,700 of them. About half the time, they do this with dogs, which track the bears through the forest and corner them in trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the state legislature is considering a bill that would end that practice and the legislation has sparked strong feelings on both sides of California’s urban-rural divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hounds are a way of life for Dan Tichenor, who has six Plott hounds at his Castro Valley home, including nine-year-old Osage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s been on a lot of bear tracks – more than a hundred in his life,” says Tichenor. The dogs are open trailers, trained to bark when they’re tracking a scent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tichenor explains the process through a video of a recent bear hunt. The dogs run off, their noses to the ground, periodically letting out a loud bawl. It helps the hunters follow them and, Tichenor says, gives the bears plenty of warning. The goal in this kind of hunting, is to get the bear to climb a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You wonder why does a 300-pound bear climb a tree over a 56-pound dog? Black bears evolved with Grizzly bears. So they have an instinct to climb trees to get away from danger,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, Tichenor and two friends approach a bear in a tree. “Yeah, I’m reading him a just a good, adult bear,” he says. Most of the time Tichenor practices what he calls “catch and release” – letting the bear go once the dogs tree the bear. But not this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41550\" title=\"DSC00274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Tichenor at his home in Castro Valley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re clear. Go right ahead.” says Tichenor. The hunter takes aim with his rifle, and after a single shot, the bear drops from the tree. “Hey way to go, Bill,” Tichenor says in the video. “That was an instantaneous kill. I never saw one drop so quick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Bill Would Ban Hounds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a menacing, reckless pursuit,” says Jennifer Fearing, California Director for the Humane Society of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing humane about chasing and harassing an animal like a bear for hours and miles on end until it’s so exhausted that it climbs a tree,” she says. Fearing says hounding is stressful for the bears and puts the dogs in harm's way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society is sponsoring a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state. If the legislation fails, they’re not afraid to take it a step further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, my boss, has already pledged to pursue a ballot measure that would go ahead and eliminate their rights to pursue bears at all,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Bears Doing Well\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting is regulated by California’s Department of Fish and Game. Department biologist Cristen Langner says with around 35,000 black bears in the state, the population can support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very modest harvest, compared to what we think the population can handle,” says Langner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Tichenor says dogs are part of this tradition and actually make hunting more humane, because hunters are closer when they take their shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, you have a clean kill and you have much less risk of an injury or a fatal injury that takes a long time for the animal to die,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society says she knows hunters won’t agree with her – but if they want to preserve their lifestyle, she thinks they need to make some changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less than one percent of Californians hunt and these hunting traditions that they want to maintain, they really depend on how non-hunters view the legitimacy of hunting practices,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state senate passed the bear hunting bill in May. The assembly is expected to take it up when they return in August.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344279459,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":733},"headData":{"title":"California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts | KQED","description":"The legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts","datePublished":"2012-07-27T21:45:55.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-06T18:57:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"41545 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=41545","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/27/california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts/","disqusTitle":"California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts","path":"/quest/41545/california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-30-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41547\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/BearHunting.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41547\" title=\"BearHunting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/BearHunting-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osage, one of Dan Tichenor's trailhounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You won’t find grizzly bears in California anymore, but black bears are plentiful and every year, hunters kill about 1,700 of them. About half the time, they do this with dogs, which track the bears through the forest and corner them in trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the state legislature is considering a bill that would end that practice and the legislation has sparked strong feelings on both sides of California’s urban-rural divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hounds are a way of life for Dan Tichenor, who has six Plott hounds at his Castro Valley home, including nine-year-old Osage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s been on a lot of bear tracks – more than a hundred in his life,” says Tichenor. The dogs are open trailers, trained to bark when they’re tracking a scent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tichenor explains the process through a video of a recent bear hunt. The dogs run off, their noses to the ground, periodically letting out a loud bawl. It helps the hunters follow them and, Tichenor says, gives the bears plenty of warning. The goal in this kind of hunting, is to get the bear to climb a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You wonder why does a 300-pound bear climb a tree over a 56-pound dog? Black bears evolved with Grizzly bears. So they have an instinct to climb trees to get away from danger,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, Tichenor and two friends approach a bear in a tree. “Yeah, I’m reading him a just a good, adult bear,” he says. Most of the time Tichenor practices what he calls “catch and release” – letting the bear go once the dogs tree the bear. But not this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41550\" title=\"DSC00274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Tichenor at his home in Castro Valley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re clear. Go right ahead.” says Tichenor. The hunter takes aim with his rifle, and after a single shot, the bear drops from the tree. “Hey way to go, Bill,” Tichenor says in the video. “That was an instantaneous kill. I never saw one drop so quick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Bill Would Ban Hounds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a menacing, reckless pursuit,” says Jennifer Fearing, California Director for the Humane Society of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing humane about chasing and harassing an animal like a bear for hours and miles on end until it’s so exhausted that it climbs a tree,” she says. Fearing says hounding is stressful for the bears and puts the dogs in harm's way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society is sponsoring a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state. If the legislation fails, they’re not afraid to take it a step further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, my boss, has already pledged to pursue a ballot measure that would go ahead and eliminate their rights to pursue bears at all,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Bears Doing Well\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting is regulated by California’s Department of Fish and Game. Department biologist Cristen Langner says with around 35,000 black bears in the state, the population can support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very modest harvest, compared to what we think the population can handle,” says Langner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Tichenor says dogs are part of this tradition and actually make hunting more humane, because hunters are closer when they take their shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, you have a clean kill and you have much less risk of an injury or a fatal injury that takes a long time for the animal to die,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society says she knows hunters won’t agree with her – but if they want to preserve their lifestyle, she thinks they need to make some changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less than one percent of Californians hunt and these hunting traditions that they want to maintain, they really depend on how non-hunters view the legitimacy of hunting practices,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state senate passed the bear hunting bill in May. The assembly is expected to take it up when they return in August.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41545/california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11321","quest_11276","quest_9944","quest_857","quest_1419","quest_13203","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_41547","label":"quest"},"quest_38853":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_38853","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"38853","score":null,"sort":[1338390053000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions","title":"The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions","publishDate":1338390053,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More than 40 years ago, Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) made conservation history when his mountain lion hunting moratorium passed the California Legislature and became law in 1971. He recalls the fight to pass the bill and his guiding principle, \"when in doubt, preserve.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1340306609,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":996},"headData":{"title":"The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions | KQED","description":"More than 40 years ago, Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) made conservation history when his mountain lion hunting moratorium passed the California Legislature and became law in 1971. He recalls the fight to pass the bill and his guiding principle, "when in doubt, preserve."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions","datePublished":"2012-05-30T15:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2012-06-21T19:23:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"38853 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=38853","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/","disqusTitle":"The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions","path":"/quest/38853/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/38853/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_684","quest_11164","quest_13198","quest_11163","quest_1419","quest_11161","quest_3351","quest_1879","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_11162"],"featImg":"quest_38857","label":"quest"},"quest_31936":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_31936","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"31936","score":null,"sort":[1330723098000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns","title":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns ","publishDate":1330723098,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-05-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31938\" title=\"WolfOFG\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wolf from OR7's pack in Oregon. (Image: Oregon Department of Fish and Game)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. OR7’s trek made him the first wolf in California in almost 90 years. Officials say it’s possible the wolf will continue to use both states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. Environmentalists want to see a wolf population restored in the state. For others, OR7 is not a welcome visitor. In Lassen County, where OR7 has spent the bulk of his time, wolf opposition is heating up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"If it's killing my cattle, I'm gonna kill it.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent county board of supervisors meeting in Susanville, a town in the state’s rural northeast corner, Fish and Game biologist Karen Kovacs takes the podium. “What we’re here today to do is just to share what we know about wolves in California,” she says to the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kovacs’ agency gets daily downloads about the two-year-old male wolf’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/wolf/\">location \u003c/a>through its radio collar. “Are there other wolves in California? That’s a $64 million dollar question,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there's one thing Kovacs has learned since OR7 arrived, it’s that wolves make people emotional. For several weeks, Kovacs and other wildlife officials have attended a number of public meetings about California’s wolf. In the state’s northern counties, the reaction has been vocal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The protection afforded something that doesn’t belong here in the first place doesn’t make any sense,” says Susanville resident Len Grizwold. “Be cautious, folks. They’re here to tell you there’s nothing to worry about,” says another resident. The reception from county supervisor and rancher Bob Pyle isn’t any warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t care what it is. If it’s killing my cattle, I’m gonna kill it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any wolf in California is considered endangered,” responds Susan Moore of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “And if you should take it, kill it, it is a $100,000 fine or a year in jail, or both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment has followed wolves from the moment they were reintroduced in the West almost 20 years ago. In states like Idaho and Montana, where wolf populations have rebounded, there’s been an all-out war. Ranchers and hunters say wolves kill too many livestock and elk. Environmentalists see the wolf as a key part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, that debate has come to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the Wolf’s Trail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a quiet pine forest outside of Susanville, Kovacs and Fish and Game biologist Richard Callas walk through a light layer of snow. OR7 crossed a major highway nearby a few weeks ago, not far from where California’s last wolf was trapped and killed in 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31958\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31958\" title=\"Map\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see a larger map of where OR7 has traveled.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The way we find his tracks is because they’re pretty darn big,” says Kovacs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OR7’s exact location is secret to protect the wolf, but once he leaves an area, Kovacs and Callas go in to see what he’s been eating. “We know that OR7 has fed on two deer. We don’t know if he killed them or scavenged them,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life isn’t easy for a wolf on his own. But there’s a reason OR7 has traveled 2,000 miles since he left his pack in Oregon last September. “His love life hasn’t been much to brag about lately,” Callas says. “But he’s certainly looking for a mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other states, it’s taken about 10 years for a pack to be established after the first wolf showed up. But biologists aren’t sure how successful wolves will be here. “Our elk population is smaller than some state like Montana, Colorado and Wyoming. Our deer numbers were lower than they were,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Oregon’s wolf packs live hundreds of miles from the border, it could be some time before another wolf wanders this way. But for the Department of Fish and Game, that may not matter. Groups on both sides are calling for some kind of plan to manage wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are entities out there who are ready to litigate at the drop of a hat,” says Kovacs. “Can we get those stakeholders here in California to the table to collectively meet to move forward?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Ranchers Concerned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31954\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31954\" title=\"Ranch\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR7 wandered close to Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a cold morning at Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville, Jack Hanson is getting ready to feed 300 hungry cattle. A few weeks ago, OR7 wasn’t far from here. “About 17 or 18 miles as the crow flies,” says Hanson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson says it’s not OR7 that’s he’s worried about. It’s that wolf populations could grow. In other states, some ranchers are trying out tools to deter wolves, like special fencing and loud noises. Some even get text messages when wolves are close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most ranchers see wolves as one more thing to deal with in an already tough industry, says Hanson. Still, he wants to be part of the discussion. “We’ll be able to have a dialogue with agencies. I don’t think it will ever come to exactly where we want it, which is not to have them back in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State and Federal Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves are currently protected in California under the federal Endangered Species Act, but several environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-02-27-2012.html\">are petitioning\u003c/a> the state to protect them under California law as well. That would require the Department of Fish and Game to figure out how many wolves belong in California and how they’ll recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is also considering whether to specially protect California wolves. Populations in Idaho, Montana and parts of Oregon and Washington have already been taken off the endangered species list but this week, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-03-01-2012.html\">agency recommended\u003c/a> removing protection for wolves in some of the remaining parts of the lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wolves may still be protected, however. Fish and Wildlife is considering whether to \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservationnw.org/wildlife-habitat/pacific-northwest-gray-wolf-protection-status-review\">specially protect wolves\u003c/a> in parts of Oregon, Washington and California. If so, the agency would consider writing a recovery plan for what would be known as the Pacific Northwest population. That decision is due by September 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t see California as being essential to the recovery of wolves. It’s not prime wolf habitat,” says Dan Ashe, director of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “But certainly, wolves will move hopefully in the future and will find some hospitable territory in California. Some may establish themselves there, but hopefully they’ll be well-managed under state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weathering the Debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is: can California avoid the battles that other states have seen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I don’t think so,” says Ed Bangs, the recently retired Wolf Recovery Coordinator at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He’s been in the middle of the Western wolf debate for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to remember wolves and wolf management has nothing to do with reality. I mean we can give you facts, you know all this biology stuff. That isn’t what people talk about. They’re talking about what wolves mean to them symbolically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks that debate isn’t necessarily a bad thing. “Imagine if it was the way it was before when no one cared at all about natural resources or wildlife. Apathy is a lot worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 30 years ago, there were only a handful of gray wolves in the West. Today, there are more than 1,600.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753701,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1411},"headData":{"title":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns | KQED","description":"OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns ","datePublished":"2012-03-02T21:18:18.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:48:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"31936 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/02/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns/","disqusTitle":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns ","path":"/quest/31936/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-05-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-05-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31938\" title=\"WolfOFG\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wolf from OR7's pack in Oregon. (Image: Oregon Department of Fish and Game)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. OR7’s trek made him the first wolf in California in almost 90 years. Officials say it’s possible the wolf will continue to use both states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. Environmentalists want to see a wolf population restored in the state. For others, OR7 is not a welcome visitor. In Lassen County, where OR7 has spent the bulk of his time, wolf opposition is heating up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"If it's killing my cattle, I'm gonna kill it.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent county board of supervisors meeting in Susanville, a town in the state’s rural northeast corner, Fish and Game biologist Karen Kovacs takes the podium. “What we’re here today to do is just to share what we know about wolves in California,” she says to the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kovacs’ agency gets daily downloads about the two-year-old male wolf’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/wolf/\">location \u003c/a>through its radio collar. “Are there other wolves in California? That’s a $64 million dollar question,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there's one thing Kovacs has learned since OR7 arrived, it’s that wolves make people emotional. For several weeks, Kovacs and other wildlife officials have attended a number of public meetings about California’s wolf. In the state’s northern counties, the reaction has been vocal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The protection afforded something that doesn’t belong here in the first place doesn’t make any sense,” says Susanville resident Len Grizwold. “Be cautious, folks. They’re here to tell you there’s nothing to worry about,” says another resident. The reception from county supervisor and rancher Bob Pyle isn’t any warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t care what it is. If it’s killing my cattle, I’m gonna kill it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any wolf in California is considered endangered,” responds Susan Moore of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “And if you should take it, kill it, it is a $100,000 fine or a year in jail, or both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment has followed wolves from the moment they were reintroduced in the West almost 20 years ago. In states like Idaho and Montana, where wolf populations have rebounded, there’s been an all-out war. Ranchers and hunters say wolves kill too many livestock and elk. Environmentalists see the wolf as a key part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, that debate has come to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the Wolf’s Trail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a quiet pine forest outside of Susanville, Kovacs and Fish and Game biologist Richard Callas walk through a light layer of snow. OR7 crossed a major highway nearby a few weeks ago, not far from where California’s last wolf was trapped and killed in 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31958\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31958\" title=\"Map\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see a larger map of where OR7 has traveled.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The way we find his tracks is because they’re pretty darn big,” says Kovacs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OR7’s exact location is secret to protect the wolf, but once he leaves an area, Kovacs and Callas go in to see what he’s been eating. “We know that OR7 has fed on two deer. We don’t know if he killed them or scavenged them,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life isn’t easy for a wolf on his own. But there’s a reason OR7 has traveled 2,000 miles since he left his pack in Oregon last September. “His love life hasn’t been much to brag about lately,” Callas says. “But he’s certainly looking for a mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other states, it’s taken about 10 years for a pack to be established after the first wolf showed up. But biologists aren’t sure how successful wolves will be here. “Our elk population is smaller than some state like Montana, Colorado and Wyoming. Our deer numbers were lower than they were,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Oregon’s wolf packs live hundreds of miles from the border, it could be some time before another wolf wanders this way. But for the Department of Fish and Game, that may not matter. Groups on both sides are calling for some kind of plan to manage wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are entities out there who are ready to litigate at the drop of a hat,” says Kovacs. “Can we get those stakeholders here in California to the table to collectively meet to move forward?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Ranchers Concerned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31954\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31954\" title=\"Ranch\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR7 wandered close to Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a cold morning at Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville, Jack Hanson is getting ready to feed 300 hungry cattle. A few weeks ago, OR7 wasn’t far from here. “About 17 or 18 miles as the crow flies,” says Hanson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson says it’s not OR7 that’s he’s worried about. It’s that wolf populations could grow. In other states, some ranchers are trying out tools to deter wolves, like special fencing and loud noises. Some even get text messages when wolves are close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most ranchers see wolves as one more thing to deal with in an already tough industry, says Hanson. Still, he wants to be part of the discussion. “We’ll be able to have a dialogue with agencies. I don’t think it will ever come to exactly where we want it, which is not to have them back in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State and Federal Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves are currently protected in California under the federal Endangered Species Act, but several environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-02-27-2012.html\">are petitioning\u003c/a> the state to protect them under California law as well. That would require the Department of Fish and Game to figure out how many wolves belong in California and how they’ll recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is also considering whether to specially protect California wolves. Populations in Idaho, Montana and parts of Oregon and Washington have already been taken off the endangered species list but this week, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-03-01-2012.html\">agency recommended\u003c/a> removing protection for wolves in some of the remaining parts of the lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wolves may still be protected, however. Fish and Wildlife is considering whether to \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservationnw.org/wildlife-habitat/pacific-northwest-gray-wolf-protection-status-review\">specially protect wolves\u003c/a> in parts of Oregon, Washington and California. If so, the agency would consider writing a recovery plan for what would be known as the Pacific Northwest population. That decision is due by September 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t see California as being essential to the recovery of wolves. It’s not prime wolf habitat,” says Dan Ashe, director of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “But certainly, wolves will move hopefully in the future and will find some hospitable territory in California. Some may establish themselves there, but hopefully they’ll be well-managed under state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weathering the Debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is: can California avoid the battles that other states have seen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I don’t think so,” says Ed Bangs, the recently retired Wolf Recovery Coordinator at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He’s been in the middle of the Western wolf debate for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to remember wolves and wolf management has nothing to do with reality. I mean we can give you facts, you know all this biology stuff. That isn’t what people talk about. They’re talking about what wolves mean to them symbolically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks that debate isn’t necessarily a bad thing. “Imagine if it was the way it was before when no one cared at all about natural resources or wildlife. Apathy is a lot worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 30 years ago, there were only a handful of gray wolves in the West. Today, there are more than 1,600.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/31936/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_326","quest_684","quest_10749","quest_10120","quest_980","quest_13198","quest_1419","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_10611","quest_3728","quest_3155","quest_3177","quest_3178"],"featImg":"quest_31938","label":"quest"},"quest_26828":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26828","score":null,"sort":[1320858024000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner","title":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner","publishDate":1320858024,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/whyy-bat-muscles640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whyy-bat-muscles640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-26830\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation\">echolocation\u003c/a> calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. The calls, more than 160 per second, give the bat rapid-fire information on the location of its ever-moving prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the human ear, the calls register as one continuous sound. Researchers call it the “terminal buzz,” and until recently, scientists did not fully understand how bats produced it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats use muscles in the larynx to produce sound, just like humans, but scientists had never found a mammal muscle that could turn on and off that quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can tap your finger on a table, and you can try to tap your finger as fast as you possibly can,\" said Andy Mead, a biology graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually, your muscles seize up and you can’t tap any faster, Mead said. “You can probably tap five, six, seven times a second if you really try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a research team led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdu.dk/?sc_lang=en\">Coen Elemans from the University of Southern Denmark\u003c/a> , Mead found muscles in a bat larynx that could turn on and off in less than one one-hundredth of a second, firing up to 180 times a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was instantaneously really shocking and exciting to see yes, this is a very, very fast muscle,\" Mead said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery marked the first evidence of a “superfast” muscle in a mammal. Superfast muscles are responsible for the rattle of a rattlesnake and the mating call of the bottom-dwelling \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/science/08angi.html\">toadfish\u003c/a> and some songbirds, but the discovery of the muscles in mammals leads researchers to believe they may be more common than they thought. They are also key to the evolutionary success of bats, which are the only flying mammals to use echolocation to hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/27485-bats\">original story\u003c/a> from our partners at \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/\">WHYY\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/8641-bats\">Scientific community unites to save bats\u003c/a>: Bats are dying at rapid rates of the mysterious white nose syndrome. Learn about efforts in Pennsylvania to study the disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its echolocation calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. Scientists recently discovered how their muscles can produce more than 160 calls every second. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1320937268,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":351},"headData":{"title":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner | KQED","description":"As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its echolocation calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. Scientists recently discovered how their muscles can produce more than 160 calls every second. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner","datePublished":"2011-11-09T17:00:24.000Z","dateModified":"2011-11-10T15:01:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"26828 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=26828","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/09/%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner/","disqusTitle":"‘Superfast’ Muscles Help Bats Find Their Dinner","path":"/quest/26828/%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/whyy-bat-muscles640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"whyy-bat-muscles640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-26830\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a hunting bat closes in on a flying insect, its \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation\">echolocation\u003c/a> calls get closer and closer together, and shorter and shorter in duration. The calls, more than 160 per second, give the bat rapid-fire information on the location of its ever-moving prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the human ear, the calls register as one continuous sound. Researchers call it the “terminal buzz,” and until recently, scientists did not fully understand how bats produced it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats use muscles in the larynx to produce sound, just like humans, but scientists had never found a mammal muscle that could turn on and off that quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can tap your finger on a table, and you can try to tap your finger as fast as you possibly can,\" said Andy Mead, a biology graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. Eventually, your muscles seize up and you can’t tap any faster, Mead said. “You can probably tap five, six, seven times a second if you really try.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a research team led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdu.dk/?sc_lang=en\">Coen Elemans from the University of Southern Denmark\u003c/a> , Mead found muscles in a bat larynx that could turn on and off in less than one one-hundredth of a second, firing up to 180 times a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was instantaneously really shocking and exciting to see yes, this is a very, very fast muscle,\" Mead said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery marked the first evidence of a “superfast” muscle in a mammal. Superfast muscles are responsible for the rattle of a rattlesnake and the mating call of the bottom-dwelling \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/08/science/08angi.html\">toadfish\u003c/a> and some songbirds, but the discovery of the muscles in mammals leads researchers to believe they may be more common than they thought. They are also key to the evolutionary success of bats, which are the only flying mammals to use echolocation to hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/27485-bats\">original story\u003c/a> from our partners at \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/\">WHYY\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Links\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/health-science/item/8641-bats\">Scientific community unites to save bats\u003c/a>: Bats are dying at rapid rates of the mysterious white nose syndrome. Learn about efforts in Pennsylvania to study the disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26828/%e2%80%98superfast%e2%80%99-muscles-help-bats-find-their-dinner","authors":["10274"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_280","quest_10408","quest_1032","quest_1419","quest_1472","quest_3351","quest_1895","quest_2141","quest_2291","quest_2349","quest_3291","quest_9973","quest_10407","quest_10328"],"featImg":"quest_26830","label":"quest"},"quest_19174":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19174","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19174","score":null,"sort":[1297105351000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species","title":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species","publishDate":1297105351,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Nevill_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Peregrine Falcon. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead. It is nesting season, and raptors will nest in trees, on cliffs and, in our urban environment, on the ledges of tall buildings. But the shared history of humans and raptors is far older than the concept of urban wildlife. Humans have been practicing falconry—caring for and hunting with raptors—for close to 4000 years.\u003c!--more--> This week’s Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, is about a falcon named Bella, a retired falconry bird who now lives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/view_homepage.asp?orgkey=1859\">San Francisco Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In falconry, a human cares for a bird of prey, and trains it to hunt. The bird hunts on behalf of the human. This relationship has created some controversy, but first, a bit more about how falconry works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the practice of falconry, I spoke to my friend Rikki Shackleford, an apprentice falconer. Rikki got interested in falconry when he was working at an environmental education school. The school was caring for a \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/104?task=view\">Red-tailed Hawk\u003c/a> that had been hit by a car. Unsure of how to care for the bird, Rikki contacted a local falconer. Rikki got hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falconry is tightly regulated at both the state and federal level. To own a bird, you need a license, and you need to apprentice with an experienced falconer for two years. Once you’ve completed your apprenticeship, you can get a general license and own up to three birds, of almost any species. With a master license, you can own up to 5 birds. After you’ve had a master license for 7 years, you can own an eagle. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhawkingclub.org/\">California Hawking Club\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.n-a-f-a.com/\">North American Falconers Association\u003c/a> have more information about the licensing and practice of falconry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Red-tailed_Hawk_Wolf.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Red-tailed Hawk. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/1465945093/\">Ron Wolf\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki has a Red-tailed Hawk, named Nut, which he trapped in the wild last year. There are strict rules about how and when falconers can catch birds. Only passage birds—sexually immature birds less than a year old and on their first migration— can be caught. And falconers can only catch certain species. Many species, including endangered birds, are off-limits. However, falconers can get rare birds, like Peregrine Falcons, from captive breeding programs. Rikki intends to free Nut when she is three years old, when she’s old enough to breed. Because she was caught in the wild, and learned to hunt on her own before she hunted with Rikki, he can return her to the wild. Birds from captive breeding programs cannot be released. When captive-bred birds get old and can no longer hunt effectively, they can go back into captive breeding programs, or be cared for a by a zoo, like Bella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki flies Nut every day at a local park, and she hunts a few times a week. Each time Nut catches prey, she brings it back to Rikki. He rewards her with food—most of the time, prey that she has previously caught. The idea that the raptor is hunting for the human is controversial—anyone who is against hunting would probably be against falconry. And the concept that a wild animal is kept in captivity can definitely ruffle some feathers. Rikki counters these arguments: Nut would hunt without him, he says, and would probably hunt more often, because she can’t store the leftovers in the freezer. And Rikki contends that his relationship with Nut is the same as any relationship a human has with an animal—a dog, a cat, a horse—it’s just a little less common. However, Red-tailed Hawks haven’t been domesticated for generations like dogs and cats; Nut was born wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Bridge_Nevill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A Peregrine Falcon named Gracie flies by the Bay Bridge. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many objections to the practice of falconry, the \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/103?task=view\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> has falconers to thank for its continued existence. Peregrine Falcons were on the edge of extinction in the 1970s, because the pesticide \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT\">DDT\u003c/a> made their eggshells perilously thin. However, falconers had healthy Peregrine Falcons in captive breeding programs; offspring from these captive-bred falcons were carefully raised without human contact and were introduced to the wild. Because of these efforts and the ban of DDT, Peregrine Falcons were removed from the Endangered Species List in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about falcons in the Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, and the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/467\">Falcon Fascination\u003c/a>. Also, check out the falcon \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">Nest Cam\u003c/a> at San Jose City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead - it is nesting season.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753715,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":792},"headData":{"title":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species | KQED","description":"This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead - it is nesting season.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species","datePublished":"2011-02-07T19:02:31.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:48:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19174 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=12077","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/07/falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species/","disqusTitle":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species","path":"/quest/19174/falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Nevill_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Peregrine Falcon. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead. It is nesting season, and raptors will nest in trees, on cliffs and, in our urban environment, on the ledges of tall buildings. But the shared history of humans and raptors is far older than the concept of urban wildlife. Humans have been practicing falconry—caring for and hunting with raptors—for close to 4000 years.\u003c!--more--> This week’s Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, is about a falcon named Bella, a retired falconry bird who now lives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/view_homepage.asp?orgkey=1859\">San Francisco Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In falconry, a human cares for a bird of prey, and trains it to hunt. The bird hunts on behalf of the human. This relationship has created some controversy, but first, a bit more about how falconry works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the practice of falconry, I spoke to my friend Rikki Shackleford, an apprentice falconer. Rikki got interested in falconry when he was working at an environmental education school. The school was caring for a \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/104?task=view\">Red-tailed Hawk\u003c/a> that had been hit by a car. Unsure of how to care for the bird, Rikki contacted a local falconer. Rikki got hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falconry is tightly regulated at both the state and federal level. To own a bird, you need a license, and you need to apprentice with an experienced falconer for two years. Once you’ve completed your apprenticeship, you can get a general license and own up to three birds, of almost any species. With a master license, you can own up to 5 birds. After you’ve had a master license for 7 years, you can own an eagle. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhawkingclub.org/\">California Hawking Club\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.n-a-f-a.com/\">North American Falconers Association\u003c/a> have more information about the licensing and practice of falconry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Red-tailed_Hawk_Wolf.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Red-tailed Hawk. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/1465945093/\">Ron Wolf\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki has a Red-tailed Hawk, named Nut, which he trapped in the wild last year. There are strict rules about how and when falconers can catch birds. Only passage birds—sexually immature birds less than a year old and on their first migration— can be caught. And falconers can only catch certain species. Many species, including endangered birds, are off-limits. However, falconers can get rare birds, like Peregrine Falcons, from captive breeding programs. Rikki intends to free Nut when she is three years old, when she’s old enough to breed. Because she was caught in the wild, and learned to hunt on her own before she hunted with Rikki, he can return her to the wild. Birds from captive breeding programs cannot be released. When captive-bred birds get old and can no longer hunt effectively, they can go back into captive breeding programs, or be cared for a by a zoo, like Bella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki flies Nut every day at a local park, and she hunts a few times a week. Each time Nut catches prey, she brings it back to Rikki. He rewards her with food—most of the time, prey that she has previously caught. The idea that the raptor is hunting for the human is controversial—anyone who is against hunting would probably be against falconry. And the concept that a wild animal is kept in captivity can definitely ruffle some feathers. Rikki counters these arguments: Nut would hunt without him, he says, and would probably hunt more often, because she can’t store the leftovers in the freezer. And Rikki contends that his relationship with Nut is the same as any relationship a human has with an animal—a dog, a cat, a horse—it’s just a little less common. However, Red-tailed Hawks haven’t been domesticated for generations like dogs and cats; Nut was born wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Bridge_Nevill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A Peregrine Falcon named Gracie flies by the Bay Bridge. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many objections to the practice of falconry, the \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/103?task=view\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> has falconers to thank for its continued existence. Peregrine Falcons were on the edge of extinction in the 1970s, because the pesticide \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT\">DDT\u003c/a> made their eggshells perilously thin. However, falconers had healthy Peregrine Falcons in captive breeding programs; offspring from these captive-bred falcons were carefully raised without human contact and were introduced to the wild. Because of these efforts and the ban of DDT, Peregrine Falcons were removed from the Endangered Species List in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about falcons in the Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, and the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/467\">Falcon Fascination\u003c/a>. Also, check out the falcon \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">Nest Cam\u003c/a> at San Jose City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19174/falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_339","quest_340","quest_684","quest_3541","quest_1061","quest_3571","quest_1062","quest_1419","quest_3698","quest_3699","quest_2167","quest_2370","quest_2371"],"featImg":"quest_12079","label":"quest"},"quest_17488":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17488","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17488","score":null,"sort":[1247625000000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hog-wild","title":"Hog Wild","publishDate":1247625000,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>In 1924, a hunter purposely released a handful of wild boar in Monterey County. Now the pigs number in the hundreds of thousands and reside in all but two of California's 58 counties. Big, fast, smart and hungry, these animals often out-compete native species and damage fragile native ecosystems. Now hunters are stepping up to be part of the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/07/14/producers-notes-hog-wild/\" target=\"_blank\">ecosystem management and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In 1924, a hunter purposely released a handful of wild boar in Monterey County. Now the pigs number in the hundreds of thousands and reside in all but two of California's 58 counties. 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Now the pigs number in the hundreds of thousands and reside in all but two of California's 58 counties. Big, fast, smart and hungry, these animals often out-compete native species and damage fragile native ecosystems. Now hunters are stepping up to be part of the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/07/14/producers-notes-hog-wild/\" target=\"_blank\">ecosystem management and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17488/hog-wild","authors":["10169","2100"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_355","quest_9902","quest_1419","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2201","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_9903"],"featImg":"quest_21006","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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