Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault
QUEST Lab: The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley
Geological Outings Around the Bay: A Visit to the Hayward Fault
Geological Outings Around the Bay: Alum Rock Park
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In addition to producing television content for KQED Science, he has also created online features and written news articles on scientific subjects ranging from astronomy to synthetic biology.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sheraz Sadiq | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9731b29e144af1965b0b7eaa56555561?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sheraz-sadiq"},"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"quest":{"type":"authors","id":"10216","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10216","found":true},"name":"QUEST Staff","firstName":"QUEST","lastName":"Staff","slug":"quest","email":"quest@kqed.orgx","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"QUEST, an Emmy Award-winning multimedia science series, has a new focus on the science of sustainability.The half-hour magazine style episodes are produced by a collaboration of six public broadcasters around the country and explore a wide variety of sustainability issues related to food, energy, water, climate and biodiversity. The story segments featured in each show are introduced by on-camera host, environmental journalist \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/pssethi/\">Simran Sethi\u003c/a>. The series also includes half-hour specials that focus on a single topic.\r\n \r\nAll 2013-2014 television programs can be viewed online in their entirety or as individual segments by clicking on the titles and images listed below. The programs are also broadcast in each of our six PBS partner regions including \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/north-carolina/\">North Carolina\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/ohio/\">Ohio\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/nebraska/\">Nebraska\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/northern-california/\">Northern California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/northwest/\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>. Check local listings for broadcast dates and times.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"QUEST Staff | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/quest"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_141904":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_141904","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"141904","score":null,"sort":[1460707239000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-bay-area-earthquakes-and-faults","title":"San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes and Faults","publishDate":1460707239,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":10627,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Most earthquakes happen along plate boundaries. Many of these locations are also where mountain building or volcanic activity occurs. Certain areas, sometimes referred to as earthquake belts, are more prone to earthquakes. One belt runs northward through the western Pacific Ocean, across the Aleutian Islands, and then down the western coasts of North and South America. This belt includes the Bay Area faults and is called the “Ring of Fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2304px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-141905 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled.png\" alt=\"major Bay Area Faults\" width=\"2304\" height=\"3072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled.png 2304w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-400x533.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-800x1067.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-768x1024.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-1440x1920.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-1180x1573.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-960x1280.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2304px) 100vw, 2304px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major Bay Area Faults \u003ccite>((Courtesy of California Academy of Sciences))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The City of San Francisco experienced major earthquakes in 1906 and 1989 due to its location along the San Andreas fault. However, of the major fault systems in the Bay Area, the Hayward Fault is of most concern to geologists. Extending almost 40 miles from Fremont to San Pablo Bay, the Hayward Fault runs under some of the most densely populated areas in the country. More than two million people live and work along the fault. BART, major gas lines, schools, and trauma centers sit on or near the fault. The Hayward Fault is a prime candidate in Northern California for a magnitude 7 earthquake within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhFMtCmHc9c&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists have observed cracks and deformed curbs on sidewalks and streets in areas near the fault. These are evidence of creep, a phenomenon of slow movement on the surface of the ground even though deep beneath the surface the rock is stuck in place. When the rock that’s stuck builds up enough tension, the fault then ruptures, or slips, causing a major earthquake. The last major earthquake on the Hayward Fault was in 1868—more than 140 years ago—and historically, major earthquakes have occurred along that fault about every 140 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This post is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>, a rich collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is also available as a free \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/book/earthquake/id552255768?mt=11\">iBooks textbook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/earthquake/id552092722\">iTunes U course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/earthquake-life-on-a-dynamic-planet\">Earthquake\u003c/a>, an interactive exhibit at the Academy exploring the seismic forces that impact us today and featuring the Shake House, an earthquake simulator.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many faults run through the San Francisco Bay Area, making it prone to earthquakes. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1460684944,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":367},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes and Faults | KQED","description":"Many faults run through the San Francisco Bay Area, making it prone to earthquakes. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes and Faults","datePublished":"2016-04-15T08:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-15T01:49:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"141904 http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?p=141904","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/04/15/san-francisco-bay-area-earthquakes-and-faults/","disqusTitle":"San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes and Faults","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5xM-CTDLo0&index=1&list=PLS14biAqBAtE_wpsyXkZbbb7Wwq4DkUzw","path":"/quest/141904/san-francisco-bay-area-earthquakes-and-faults","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most earthquakes happen along plate boundaries. Many of these locations are also where mountain building or volcanic activity occurs. Certain areas, sometimes referred to as earthquake belts, are more prone to earthquakes. One belt runs northward through the western Pacific Ocean, across the Aleutian Islands, and then down the western coasts of North and South America. This belt includes the Bay Area faults and is called the “Ring of Fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2304px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-141905 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled.png\" alt=\"major Bay Area Faults\" width=\"2304\" height=\"3072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled.png 2304w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-400x533.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-800x1067.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-768x1024.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-1440x1920.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-1180x1573.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2016/04/BayAreaFaultPlanesLabeled-960x1280.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2304px) 100vw, 2304px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major Bay Area Faults \u003ccite>((Courtesy of California Academy of Sciences))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The City of San Francisco experienced major earthquakes in 1906 and 1989 due to its location along the San Andreas fault. However, of the major fault systems in the Bay Area, the Hayward Fault is of most concern to geologists. Extending almost 40 miles from Fremont to San Pablo Bay, the Hayward Fault runs under some of the most densely populated areas in the country. More than two million people live and work along the fault. BART, major gas lines, schools, and trauma centers sit on or near the fault. The Hayward Fault is a prime candidate in Northern California for a magnitude 7 earthquake within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/GhFMtCmHc9c'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/GhFMtCmHc9c'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists have observed cracks and deformed curbs on sidewalks and streets in areas near the fault. These are evidence of creep, a phenomenon of slow movement on the surface of the ground even though deep beneath the surface the rock is stuck in place. When the rock that’s stuck builds up enough tension, the fault then ruptures, or slips, causing a major earthquake. The last major earthquake on the Hayward Fault was in 1868—more than 140 years ago—and historically, major earthquakes have occurred along that fault about every 140 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This post is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/earthquakes\">Exploring Earthquakes\u003c/a>, a rich collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is also available as a free \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/book/earthquake/id552255768?mt=11\">iBooks textbook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/earthquake/id552092722\">iTunes U course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t miss \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/earthquake-life-on-a-dynamic-planet\">Earthquake\u003c/a>, an interactive exhibit at the Academy exploring the seismic forces that impact us today and featuring the Shake House, an earthquake simulator.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/141904/san-francisco-bay-area-earthquakes-and-faults","authors":["10216"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_439","quest_909","quest_13461","quest_1080","quest_1325","quest_2484","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_10627"],"featImg":"quest_141905","label":"quest_10627"},"quest_74353":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_74353","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"74353","score":null,"sort":[1448546426000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-new-earthquake-proof-calaveras-dam","title":"A New Earthquake-Proof Calaveras Dam","publishDate":1448546426,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Since July 2010, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has been hard at work on one of the biggest engineering projects in the nation, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program\u003c/a>. At a cost of nearly five billion dollars, the program will seismically upgrade and replace aging infrastructure that brings water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/yosemite125th.com/index.html\">Hetchy Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>, 167 miles away, to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key goal of the voter-approved program, which is scheduled to run through 2018, is to make sure that the taps can keep flowing within 24 hours of a major earthquake for the system’s 2.6 million customers who live in San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74355\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197.jpg\" alt=\"Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which opened in March 2015. Image by Owen Bissell for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which opened in March 2015. Image by Owen Bissell \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have the Calaveras fault, the Hayward fault in the East Bay, and then of course the San Andreas fault on the Peninsula,” said Dan Wade, Director of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program. “And our water system crosses all three of those major faults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/ucerf/\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>, there is a greater than 60 percent chance of a major earthquake taking place in the Bay Area in the next 20 years. The Hetch Hetchy water system has been operating for more than 80 years, and much of its infrastructure – including pipes, local reservoirs and a 90-year-old rock and earth-filled dam – is in need of a makeover to shield it from earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the construction projects are also intended to provide redundancy and a back-up to structures that are critical to transporting water from the Sierra Nevada watershed to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the New Irvington Tunnel, which opened in March 2015, transports millions of gallons of water each day alongside the original Irvington Tunnel in Sunol Valley, a few miles east of Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The older Irvington Tunnel, which has not been taken out of service since 1966, when it was last inspected, lies between the Calaveras and San Andreas faults. The new tunnel, however, is steel-lined and encased with concrete to help it withstand a magnitude 7.1 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both tunnels carry water not only from Hetch Hetchy but also from the nearby San Antonio and Calaveras reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74356\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74356\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764.jpg\" alt=\"The Calaveras Reservoir is located just 1500 feet from the Calaveras fault, one of three active faults the Hetch Hetchy water system crosses in the Bay Area. Image by Owen Bissell for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>The Calaveras Reservoir is located just 1,500 feet from the Calaveras fault, one of three active faults the Hetch Hetchy water system crosses in the Bay Area. Image by Owen Bissell \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Calaveras Reservoir, which is the largest of the system’s five local reservoirs, is also in need of a seismic makeover. Its 90-year-old earth and rock-filled dam, which forms the reservoir, is located on the Santa Clara-Alameda county line, and is located only 1,500 feet from the Calaveras fault. Since 2001, state dam regulators have only allowed the reservoir to be filled to 40 percent of its capacity because the dam is prone to liquefaction, which happens when waterlogged loose soil behaves like a liquid during the violent shaking generated by a big earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, construction crews are building a new, 220-foot-tall seismically safe dam a few hundred yards downstream from the original dam in the hills southeast of Fremont. At a cost of $720 million, replacing the Calaveras Dam is the biggest, most expensive and last remaining major project under the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it will also be made of earth and rock – roughly 10 million cubic yards’ worth – cement grouting is being sprayed between spaces within the rock to create a more water-tight foundation. The reservoir will then be able to fill to capacity – 100,000 acre-feet or 31 billion gallons – when construction on the new dam finishes in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74357\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74357\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873.jpg\" alt=\"Ten million cubic yards of earth and rock will need to be excavated for the construction of the new Calaveras Dam, located at the Alameda-Santa Clara county line. Image by Owen Bissell for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Ten million cubic yards of earth and rock will need to be excavated for the construction of the new Calaveras Dam, located at the Alameda-Santa Clara county line. Image by Owen Bissell \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Dan Wade, filling Calaveras reservoir to full capacity will not only boost water storage but help the regional water system cope with multi-year droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the third year of a major drought,” he said. “We need this reservoir for drought carryover storage.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has been hard at work to replace and upgrade aging infrastructure and reservoirs that make up the 80-year-old Hetch Hetchy water system. The most expensive and biggest of the jobs is replacing a 90-year-old earth and rock-filled Calaveras dam.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1448917515,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":744},"headData":{"title":"A New Earthquake-Proof Calaveras Dam | KQED","description":"The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has been hard at work to replace and upgrade aging infrastructure and reservoirs that make up the 80-year-old Hetch Hetchy water system. The most expensive and biggest of the jobs is replacing a 90-year-old earth and rock-filled Calaveras dam.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A New Earthquake-Proof Calaveras Dam","datePublished":"2015-11-26T14:00:26.000Z","dateModified":"2015-11-30T21:05:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"74353 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=74353","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/11/26/a-new-earthquake-proof-calaveras-dam/","disqusTitle":"A New Earthquake-Proof Calaveras Dam","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/WHbAHUTQX9I","path":"/quest/74353/a-new-earthquake-proof-calaveras-dam","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since July 2010, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission has been hard at work on one of the biggest engineering projects in the nation, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=114\">Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program\u003c/a>. At a cost of nearly five billion dollars, the program will seismically upgrade and replace aging infrastructure that brings water from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/yosemite125th.com/index.html\">Hetchy Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park\u003c/a>, 167 miles away, to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key goal of the voter-approved program, which is scheduled to run through 2018, is to make sure that the taps can keep flowing within 24 hours of a major earthquake for the system’s 2.6 million customers who live in San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74355\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197.jpg\" alt=\"Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which opened in March 2015. Image by Owen Bissell for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2013_0040-e1441243957197-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Workers with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission inspect the New Irvington Tunnel, which opened in March 2015. Image by Owen Bissell \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have the Calaveras fault, the Hayward fault in the East Bay, and then of course the San Andreas fault on the Peninsula,” said Dan Wade, Director of the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program. “And our water system crosses all three of those major faults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/ucerf/\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>, there is a greater than 60 percent chance of a major earthquake taking place in the Bay Area in the next 20 years. The Hetch Hetchy water system has been operating for more than 80 years, and much of its infrastructure – including pipes, local reservoirs and a 90-year-old rock and earth-filled dam – is in need of a makeover to shield it from earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the construction projects are also intended to provide redundancy and a back-up to structures that are critical to transporting water from the Sierra Nevada watershed to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the New Irvington Tunnel, which opened in March 2015, transports millions of gallons of water each day alongside the original Irvington Tunnel in Sunol Valley, a few miles east of Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The older Irvington Tunnel, which has not been taken out of service since 1966, when it was last inspected, lies between the Calaveras and San Andreas faults. The new tunnel, however, is steel-lined and encased with concrete to help it withstand a magnitude 7.1 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both tunnels carry water not only from Hetch Hetchy but also from the nearby San Antonio and Calaveras reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74356\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74356\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764.jpg\" alt=\"The Calaveras Reservoir is located just 1500 feet from the Calaveras fault, one of three active faults the Hetch Hetchy water system crosses in the Bay Area. Image by Owen Bissell for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2015_0145-e1441243887764-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>The Calaveras Reservoir is located just 1,500 feet from the Calaveras fault, one of three active faults the Hetch Hetchy water system crosses in the Bay Area. Image by Owen Bissell \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Calaveras Reservoir, which is the largest of the system’s five local reservoirs, is also in need of a seismic makeover. Its 90-year-old earth and rock-filled dam, which forms the reservoir, is located on the Santa Clara-Alameda county line, and is located only 1,500 feet from the Calaveras fault. Since 2001, state dam regulators have only allowed the reservoir to be filled to 40 percent of its capacity because the dam is prone to liquefaction, which happens when waterlogged loose soil behaves like a liquid during the violent shaking generated by a big earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, construction crews are building a new, 220-foot-tall seismically safe dam a few hundred yards downstream from the original dam in the hills southeast of Fremont. At a cost of $720 million, replacing the Calaveras Dam is the biggest, most expensive and last remaining major project under the Hetch Hetchy Water System Improvement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it will also be made of earth and rock – roughly 10 million cubic yards’ worth – cement grouting is being sprayed between spaces within the rock to create a more water-tight foundation. The reservoir will then be able to fill to capacity – 100,000 acre-feet or 31 billion gallons – when construction on the new dam finishes in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74357\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74357\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873.jpg\" alt=\"Ten million cubic yards of earth and rock will need to be excavated for the construction of the new Calaveras Dam, located at the Alameda-Santa Clara county line. Image by Owen Bissell for KQED Science\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/09/NR_2014_0074-e1441243992873-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Ten million cubic yards of earth and rock will need to be excavated for the construction of the new Calaveras Dam, located at the Alameda-Santa Clara county line. Image by Owen Bissell \u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Dan Wade, filling Calaveras reservoir to full capacity will not only boost water storage but help the regional water system cope with multi-year droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the third year of a major drought,” he said. “We need this reservoir for drought carryover storage.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/74353/a-new-earthquake-proof-calaveras-dam","authors":["6176"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_907","quest_1325","quest_3608","quest_3351","quest_2349","quest_2893","quest_3071","quest_10708"],"featImg":"quest_81278","label":"quest"},"quest_17441":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17441","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17441","score":null,"sort":[1444827600000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril","title":"The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster","publishDate":1444827600,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Every year around this time, millions of people around the world participate in \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/\" target=\"_blank\">The Great California ShakeOut\u003c/a>. It's an opportunity for communities to think about one very unpleasant fact: big earthquakes can and do happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ShakeOut happens this month because here in California, it's \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/08/its-earthquake-season-join-californias-great-shakeout/\" target=\"_blank\">Earthquake Season\u003c/a>.\" October 17 marks the anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/\" target=\"_blank\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, which shook Northern California in 1989, killing 63 people and causing an estimated $6 billion in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84599\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-84599\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg\" alt=\"The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-960x642.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s another big earthquake anniversary in October that people don’t hear much about. It predated the 1906 quake by nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred on the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/hayward_fault.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> in the East Bay. A lesser-known cousin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanandreasfault.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>, the Hayward Fault is a crack in the earth’s crust up to 20 miles deep that stretches roughly 70 miles from San Pablo Bay in the north to Fremont and Milpitas at its southernmost end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Idr82IP0vOAXDXScpJEacfwcmzIgFdSX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1868, the towns of Hayward, San Leandro and Fremont were hardest hit. Luckily, the area had a population of only about 1000 people at the time. Still, 30 people died in the 1868 earthquake and hundreds of buildings from the East Bay to San Francisco to Gilroy were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-84601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868. \u003ccite>(Credit: The Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that the last five big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault back to the year 1315 have occurred on average every 140 years. It has now been 147 years since the last big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And today, more than 2.5 million people live within a stone’s throw of the Hayward Fault, including in densely populated areas like downtown Oakland. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wgcep.org/UCERF3\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Geological Survey’s 2015 statewide earthquake forecast\u003c/a>, for every year that passes without a significant seismic event, the chance of another massive earthquake on the Hayward Fault increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly moving, little amounts every year,” says Tom Brocher, a senior seismologist at the USGS in Menlo Park. “And it’s allowing the Earth to move very slowly without creating large earthquakes. The problem is it’s not moving enough. And so we’ll still have big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault to make up the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-84603 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-1180x1527.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-960x1242.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the last decade, paleoseismologists (geologists who study ancient earthquakes) at the USGS have been digging trenches across the Hayward Fault, peering into tectonic time in order to find evidence of fossil earthquakes. Once found, they are able to radiocarbon date the quakes to determine the magnitudes and dates they occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dug one trench near the Fremont BART station where they were able to find evidence of 12 major earthquakes on the Hayward Fault over the last 2,000 years. Their conclusion: the Bay Area is overdue for another big one on the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the USGS updated its California earthquake forecast report. According to the report, there’s a greater chance of a very large (magnitude 7.5 or greater) earthquake on the Hayward fault that was previously thought. The chance of that occurring in the next 30 years is 3.6 percent, which seems pretty low, but the probability is up 93.7 percent from the prior forecast seven years ago. It’s also more likely that there will be a 6.7 or greater earthquake on the Hayward fault in the next 30 years, with a probability of 14.4 percent, up 1.2 percent from the prior forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be more worried now? Andrew Alden, a geologist who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Geology\u003c/a> blog, doesn’t think so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of the Earth’s crust is hardly different from what it was seven years ago when the USGS issued its previous forecast,” he wrote recently. “It’s we who have changed our knowledge and models have progressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alden is referring in part to new technology that has been employed recently to deepen our understanding of tectonic activity. In May, UC Berkeley seismologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/echaussard/SiteNew/Welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">Estelle Chaussard\u003c/a> published an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/28/two-faults-could-make-one-big-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">earthquake model \u003c/a>that provides the clearest picture yet of the relationship between the Hayward Fault and the Calaveras Fault, which lies just south of the Hayward Fault and runs from San Jose past Hollister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a satellite-based imaging technique that very accurately surveys the ground, combined with high-resolution photography, Chaussard was able to detect the exact zones where the ground near the Hayward and Calaveras faults have been creeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot? An end-to-end rupture of the Hayward Fault could cause an earthquake of magnitude 7.5. If that happened, there’s a high probability that the quake could continue onto the Calaveras Fault, causing it to rupture and raising the magnitude to around 7.8, spreading the devastation through the entire South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needless to say, these types of events will be devastating to the 7 million people who live and work in the Bay Area. And the cost could easily reach upwards of $200 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford geophysicist Mary Lou Zoback specializes in risk and catastrophe modeling. The picture she paints of the Bay Area after a major earthquake on the Hayward Fault is nothing less than terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roadways will be shut down, the soft, water-saturated sandy deposits along the margin of the bay where we have airports and approaches to bridges, they’re likely to liquefy, ripping apart the roads,” she says. “We can we assume transportation networks will be completely disrupted and destroyed. Water will likely be shut down. There will be fires because gas lines will rupture. There won’t be enough water to fight the fires. Power will be down. Communications will be down. I often say it would be a lot like Katrina but here, we’d be speaking 150 languages as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing anyone can do to prevent earthquakes or even to predict them. So why do we need to know all this scary stuff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How quickly we recover from the earthquake,” says Brocher, “is determined by how well we’ve prepared for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake scientists and disaster officials recommend that every household prepare a quake plan, get \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf72.org/supplies\" target=\"_blank\">a kit to survive \u003c/a>for three days after a major earthquake and make sure the buildings you live and work in are reinforced and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Research has shown that the last five big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault back to the year 1315 have occurred on average every 140 years. It has now been 147 years since the last big one.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471475551,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1139},"headData":{"title":"The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster | KQED","description":"Research has shown that the last five big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault back to the year 1315 have occurred on average every 140 years. It has now been 147 years since the last big one.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster","datePublished":"2015-10-14T13:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-08-17T23:12:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17441 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/14/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/","disqusTitle":"The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/GhFMtCmHc9c","path":"/quest/17441/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year around this time, millions of people around the world participate in \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/\" target=\"_blank\">The Great California ShakeOut\u003c/a>. It's an opportunity for communities to think about one very unpleasant fact: big earthquakes can and do happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ShakeOut happens this month because here in California, it's \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/08/its-earthquake-season-join-californias-great-shakeout/\" target=\"_blank\">Earthquake Season\u003c/a>.\" October 17 marks the anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/\" target=\"_blank\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, which shook Northern California in 1989, killing 63 people and causing an estimated $6 billion in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84599\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-84599\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg\" alt=\"The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-960x642.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s another big earthquake anniversary in October that people don’t hear much about. It predated the 1906 quake by nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred on the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/hayward_fault.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> in the East Bay. A lesser-known cousin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanandreasfault.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>, the Hayward Fault is a crack in the earth’s crust up to 20 miles deep that stretches roughly 70 miles from San Pablo Bay in the north to Fremont and Milpitas at its southernmost end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Idr82IP0vOAXDXScpJEacfwcmzIgFdSX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1868, the towns of Hayward, San Leandro and Fremont were hardest hit. Luckily, the area had a population of only about 1000 people at the time. Still, 30 people died in the 1868 earthquake and hundreds of buildings from the East Bay to San Francisco to Gilroy were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-84601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868. \u003ccite>(Credit: The Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that the last five big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault back to the year 1315 have occurred on average every 140 years. It has now been 147 years since the last big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And today, more than 2.5 million people live within a stone’s throw of the Hayward Fault, including in densely populated areas like downtown Oakland. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wgcep.org/UCERF3\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Geological Survey’s 2015 statewide earthquake forecast\u003c/a>, for every year that passes without a significant seismic event, the chance of another massive earthquake on the Hayward Fault increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly moving, little amounts every year,” says Tom Brocher, a senior seismologist at the USGS in Menlo Park. “And it’s allowing the Earth to move very slowly without creating large earthquakes. The problem is it’s not moving enough. And so we’ll still have big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault to make up the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-84603 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-1180x1527.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-960x1242.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the last decade, paleoseismologists (geologists who study ancient earthquakes) at the USGS have been digging trenches across the Hayward Fault, peering into tectonic time in order to find evidence of fossil earthquakes. Once found, they are able to radiocarbon date the quakes to determine the magnitudes and dates they occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dug one trench near the Fremont BART station where they were able to find evidence of 12 major earthquakes on the Hayward Fault over the last 2,000 years. Their conclusion: the Bay Area is overdue for another big one on the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the USGS updated its California earthquake forecast report. According to the report, there’s a greater chance of a very large (magnitude 7.5 or greater) earthquake on the Hayward fault that was previously thought. The chance of that occurring in the next 30 years is 3.6 percent, which seems pretty low, but the probability is up 93.7 percent from the prior forecast seven years ago. It’s also more likely that there will be a 6.7 or greater earthquake on the Hayward fault in the next 30 years, with a probability of 14.4 percent, up 1.2 percent from the prior forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be more worried now? Andrew Alden, a geologist who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Geology\u003c/a> blog, doesn’t think so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of the Earth’s crust is hardly different from what it was seven years ago when the USGS issued its previous forecast,” he wrote recently. “It’s we who have changed our knowledge and models have progressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alden is referring in part to new technology that has been employed recently to deepen our understanding of tectonic activity. In May, UC Berkeley seismologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/echaussard/SiteNew/Welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">Estelle Chaussard\u003c/a> published an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/28/two-faults-could-make-one-big-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">earthquake model \u003c/a>that provides the clearest picture yet of the relationship between the Hayward Fault and the Calaveras Fault, which lies just south of the Hayward Fault and runs from San Jose past Hollister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a satellite-based imaging technique that very accurately surveys the ground, combined with high-resolution photography, Chaussard was able to detect the exact zones where the ground near the Hayward and Calaveras faults have been creeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot? An end-to-end rupture of the Hayward Fault could cause an earthquake of magnitude 7.5. If that happened, there’s a high probability that the quake could continue onto the Calaveras Fault, causing it to rupture and raising the magnitude to around 7.8, spreading the devastation through the entire South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needless to say, these types of events will be devastating to the 7 million people who live and work in the Bay Area. And the cost could easily reach upwards of $200 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford geophysicist Mary Lou Zoback specializes in risk and catastrophe modeling. The picture she paints of the Bay Area after a major earthquake on the Hayward Fault is nothing less than terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roadways will be shut down, the soft, water-saturated sandy deposits along the margin of the bay where we have airports and approaches to bridges, they’re likely to liquefy, ripping apart the roads,” she says. “We can we assume transportation networks will be completely disrupted and destroyed. Water will likely be shut down. There will be fires because gas lines will rupture. There won’t be enough water to fight the fires. Power will be down. Communications will be down. I often say it would be a lot like Katrina but here, we’d be speaking 150 languages as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing anyone can do to prevent earthquakes or even to predict them. So why do we need to know all this scary stuff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How quickly we recover from the earthquake,” says Brocher, “is determined by how well we’ve prepared for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake scientists and disaster officials recommend that every household prepare a quake plan, get \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf72.org/supplies\" target=\"_blank\">a kit to survive \u003c/a>for three days after a major earthquake and make sure the buildings you live and work in are reinforced and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17441/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril","authors":["209"],"categories":["quest_11","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_907","quest_13386","quest_13200","quest_1325","quest_13387","quest_2530","quest_3048","quest_3071"],"featImg":"quest_81281","label":"quest"},"quest_52555":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52555","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52555","score":null,"sort":[1366312738000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault","title":"Gallegos Winery and the Hayward Fault","publishDate":1366312738,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>In Fremont, construction is underway on the Warm Springs Extension of the BART light-rail system. Two new stations are in the plans, the first one being the \"optional\" Irvington Station at the intersection of Washington Boulevard and Osgood Road. It will be right next to the century-old ruins of the Gallegos Winery, where cultural history coincides, as it so often does in the Bay Area, with geological history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What interests the geologist about the extension is that the rail line will cross the Hayward fault in two more places (BART already crosses the fault inside the tunnel between the Rockridge and Orinda stations). The Fremont Station, at the end of the line today, is just short of the fault. As you look south from the station, the fault comes from behind to the left and crosses to the right just across Walnut Avenue. Tule Pond, the little lake to your left, sits in a sag basin on the fault (learn more about them \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/san-andreas-fault-trail-exploration/\">on the San Andreas Fault Trail\u003c/a> across the Bay at Los Trancos Preserve).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new track will cross the fault leftward, dive underground beneath Fremont's Central Park and re-emerge just north of the Irvington Station headed due south. It will cross the fault again, rightward this time, about where Washington Boulevard and Osgood Road meet. Here's the fault superimposed on a Google Maps image of the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegosfaultmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52556\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegosfaultmap.png\" alt=\"Gallegos Winery site. Fault map from Lienkaemper (1992)\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52556\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegosfaultmap.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegosfaultmap-400x280.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Circles mark locations where evidence has been gathered on the fault. The red circle marks the Gallegos Winery site. Fault map from Lienkaemper (1992)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The low hill on the east side of Osgood is most probably a pressure ridge, the opposite of a sag basin, that marks the fault just like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">the pressure ridge in Hayward\u003c/a>. Here's how it looks a little south of the station site; the Gallegos Winery was dug into it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegoshill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52557\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoshill.jpg\" alt=\"How the Irvington Station area looked in June 2009\" width=\"500\" height=\"356\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoshill.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoshill-400x285.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How the Irvington Station area looked in June 2009. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hayward fault was attractive to builders before anyone understood faults. One reason is that faults often bring water to the surface; the other is that faults often build useful elevations in the ground. In Irvington, Juan Gallegos built a large state-of-the-art winemaking plant here in 1884 so that grapes could be loaded from the high ground in back and processed with the help of gravity. A rail spur served the front side, carrying thousands of barrels of excellent East Bay zinfandel to a ready market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-story brick structure was a landmark much like its counterparts in Napa today, surrounded by gardens and palm trees. The building was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake (107 years ago today), but the land remained a garden estate, having been subdivided long before when phylloxera and a poor economy ended the good times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegostop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52558\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegostop.jpg\" alt=\"gallegostop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52558\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegostop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegostop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much later, the Hayward fault was mapped through here, and the abandoned site lent itself to scientific monitoring. One of the fault's \u003ca href=\"http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/CREEPDATA/HaywardCreepmeterSimple.html\">four creepmeter installations\u003c/a> is here. A creepmeter is a rod of quartz or Invar metal, securely mounted and housed in an underground climate-controlled vault that extends across the fault (\u003ca href=\"http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/CREEPDATA/HaywardScience/FremontCreepSite.jpg\">see the plans here\u003c/a>). It's regularly measured to track the slow, steady fault movement known as creep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegoswalls/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52559\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoswalls.jpg\" alt=\"Solar power panel serving the Gallegos creepmeter\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52559\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoswalls.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoswalls-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar power panel serving the Gallegos creepmeter\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The creepmeter shows the fault here moving between 6 and 7 millimeters a year. The wall at the right side of the photo is also being bent by creep. Ideally, when the Irvington Station is built, this site will be spruced up and some interpretive signage put in. Fremont, unlike most \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/\">cities along the Hayward fault\u003c/a>, has done a lot to inform the public about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, Fremont was a celebrated wine district. It was good land, watered by thrust-faulted hills. If not for one or two accidents of history, today Fremont might be as prominent as Livermore and Napa as a wine region. Indeed, the whole East Bay could have made a superb viticultural region if the timing of its earthquakes had been a little different. Something to ponder with your aperitif.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new BART extension will bring riders to one of the best exposures of the Hayward fault.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367424407,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":685},"headData":{"title":"Gallegos Winery and the Hayward Fault | KQED","description":"The new BART extension will bring riders to one of the best exposures of the Hayward fault.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Gallegos Winery and the Hayward Fault","datePublished":"2013-04-18T19:18:58.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-01T16:06:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"52555 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52555","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/","disqusTitle":"Gallegos Winery and the Hayward Fault","path":"/quest/52555/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Fremont, construction is underway on the Warm Springs Extension of the BART light-rail system. Two new stations are in the plans, the first one being the \"optional\" Irvington Station at the intersection of Washington Boulevard and Osgood Road. It will be right next to the century-old ruins of the Gallegos Winery, where cultural history coincides, as it so often does in the Bay Area, with geological history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What interests the geologist about the extension is that the rail line will cross the Hayward fault in two more places (BART already crosses the fault inside the tunnel between the Rockridge and Orinda stations). The Fremont Station, at the end of the line today, is just short of the fault. As you look south from the station, the fault comes from behind to the left and crosses to the right just across Walnut Avenue. Tule Pond, the little lake to your left, sits in a sag basin on the fault (learn more about them \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/san-andreas-fault-trail-exploration/\">on the San Andreas Fault Trail\u003c/a> across the Bay at Los Trancos Preserve).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new track will cross the fault leftward, dive underground beneath Fremont's Central Park and re-emerge just north of the Irvington Station headed due south. It will cross the fault again, rightward this time, about where Washington Boulevard and Osgood Road meet. Here's the fault superimposed on a Google Maps image of the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegosfaultmap/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52556\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegosfaultmap.png\" alt=\"Gallegos Winery site. Fault map from Lienkaemper (1992)\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52556\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegosfaultmap.png 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegosfaultmap-400x280.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Circles mark locations where evidence has been gathered on the fault. The red circle marks the Gallegos Winery site. Fault map from Lienkaemper (1992)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The low hill on the east side of Osgood is most probably a pressure ridge, the opposite of a sag basin, that marks the fault just like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">the pressure ridge in Hayward\u003c/a>. Here's how it looks a little south of the station site; the Gallegos Winery was dug into it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegoshill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52557\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoshill.jpg\" alt=\"How the Irvington Station area looked in June 2009\" width=\"500\" height=\"356\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoshill.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoshill-400x285.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How the Irvington Station area looked in June 2009. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hayward fault was attractive to builders before anyone understood faults. One reason is that faults often bring water to the surface; the other is that faults often build useful elevations in the ground. In Irvington, Juan Gallegos built a large state-of-the-art winemaking plant here in 1884 so that grapes could be loaded from the high ground in back and processed with the help of gravity. A rail spur served the front side, carrying thousands of barrels of excellent East Bay zinfandel to a ready market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-story brick structure was a landmark much like its counterparts in Napa today, surrounded by gardens and palm trees. The building was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake (107 years ago today), but the land remained a garden estate, having been subdivided long before when phylloxera and a poor economy ended the good times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegostop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52558\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegostop.jpg\" alt=\"gallegostop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52558\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegostop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegostop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much later, the Hayward fault was mapped through here, and the abandoned site lent itself to scientific monitoring. One of the fault's \u003ca href=\"http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/CREEPDATA/HaywardCreepmeterSimple.html\">four creepmeter installations\u003c/a> is here. A creepmeter is a rod of quartz or Invar metal, securely mounted and housed in an underground climate-controlled vault that extends across the fault (\u003ca href=\"http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/CREEPDATA/HaywardScience/FremontCreepSite.jpg\">see the plans here\u003c/a>). It's regularly measured to track the slow, steady fault movement known as creep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52559\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/18/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault/gallegoswalls/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52559\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoswalls.jpg\" alt=\"Solar power panel serving the Gallegos creepmeter\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-52559\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoswalls.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/gallegoswalls-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar power panel serving the Gallegos creepmeter\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The creepmeter shows the fault here moving between 6 and 7 millimeters a year. The wall at the right side of the photo is also being bent by creep. Ideally, when the Irvington Station is built, this site will be spruced up and some interpretive signage put in. Fremont, unlike most \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/\">cities along the Hayward fault\u003c/a>, has done a lot to inform the public about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, Fremont was a celebrated wine district. It was good land, watered by thrust-faulted hills. If not for one or two accidents of history, today Fremont might be as prominent as Livermore and Napa as a wine region. Indeed, the whole East Bay could have made a superb viticultural region if the timing of its earthquakes had been a little different. Something to ponder with your aperitif.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52555/gallegos-winery-and-the-hayward-fault","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10255","quest_11912","quest_909","quest_3582","quest_1325","quest_11518"],"featImg":"quest_52558","label":"quest"},"quest_39875":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_39875","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"39875","score":null,"sort":[1340306431000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault","title":"Faulty Civic Awareness with the Hayward Fault","publishDate":1340306431,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39876\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/hywrdtrip/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39876\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-39876\" title=\"hywrdtrip\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdtrip.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"258\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geologists visiting Hayward in their colorful urban field dress pay homage to its namesake fault, which has been steadily offsetting this curb since 1971. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The East Bay is marked by the Hayward fault, stretching from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault\">Point Pinole\u003c/a> south through Fremont. It's considered the most dangerous earthquake fault in northern California, capable of a quake causing a $100 billion disaster. Geologists are conflicted as they approach the Hayward fault, with reverence for its capacity for damage but enthusiasm for its textbook display of tectonic features. City websites approach it with the terrified response of the proverbial ostrich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayward gave its name to the fault thanks to the original \"great San Francisco earthquake\" of 1868, but you wouldn't know it from the city's website. Indeed, most of the cities on the fault, north or south, don't admit that they're even near it except in passing, in old background documents. Pinole, San Pablo, Richmond, El Cerrito—nowhere on their websites do these cities show their residents where the fault is. Berkeley's website has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Planning_and_Development/Home/General_Plan_-_Disaster_Preparedness_and_Safety_Element.aspx\">a useful map\u003c/a>, but I can't tell you how to find it except through a brute-force search. Oakland, which sits on more miles of the fault than any other East Bay city, has almost nothing even in its \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/PSP/index.htm\">Public Safety Portal\u003c/a>. San Leandro has nothing. Hayward presents a low-grade map of the fault and a lot of good offsite links, but only a dedicated searcher can find them. And searching Fremont's website turns up nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have to call this situation a miserable failure. Off the top of my head, I checked Biloxi, Mississippi, a river town in hurricane country. There's a big tab, \"Storm & Flood Preparedness,\" high on the city website's home page. But East Bay cities treat earthquake as something nebulous in the environment that, like the 1989 Loma Prieta quake, might affect them as distant bystanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So who's helping our East Bay cities raise public awareness?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn't start writing this piece intending to blow my own horn, but my Oakland Geology blog has a geologic map of the city and \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/category/the-fault/\">many posts about the fault\u003c/a>. It seems like—no, it \u003ci>is\u003c/i> the least I can do. I actually set out to talk about Fremont, where a \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnucleus.org/haywardfault/hayward.html\">Hayward Fault Walk and Tour\u003c/a> takes place this summer on July 14 and August 11. The city is involved with that exercise, although the prime movers are the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnucleus.org/\">Math/Science Nucleus\u003c/a> and the federal U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1868/\">which has extensive resources on the Hayward fault\u003c/a>. The city of Fremont could hardly avoid involvement, because its first city building was set directly upon the fault trace in 1962 and is being slowly wrenched apart. (Geologist Joyce Blueford of Math/Science Nucleus \u003ca href=\"http://www.tricityvoice.com/articlefiledisplay.php?issue=2012-05-22&file=story1.txt\">provided this background document to the Tri-City Voice\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But consider the case of San Francisco, which owes a core aspect of its reputation to the great quake of 1906. What made San Francisco \"The City That Knows How\" was its indomitable response to the quake. San Francisco owns its fault. I think that Hayward could adopt some of that same attitude. It has a splendid fault museum already: its old City Hall, built in 1930 upon the Hayward fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/haywardcityhall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39877\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39877\" title=\"haywardcityhall\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/haywardcityhall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/haywardcityhall.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/haywardcityhall-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just peek in the windows of this beautiful shell to see the effects of aseismic creep, the steady, millimeters-per-year motion found along much of the fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/hywrdcityhallcracks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39878\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39878\" title=\"hywrdcityhallcracks\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdcityhallcracks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdcityhallcracks.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdcityhallcracks-400x282.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And its \u003ca href=\"http://user.govoutreach.com/hayward/faq.php?cid=10773\">new City Hall building\u003c/a>, next to the BART station, is an example of state-of-the-art seismic design, sturdy and flexible enough to remain operational after the Hayward fault's Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that Big One will happen again, and life will resume. Like New York after 9/11, like New Orleans after Katrina, the cities of the East Bay will earn new reputations as they endure, revive and prevail. We can think and plan ahead for this trial-by-nature. It starts with admitting the obvious: this is our fault.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Cities along the Hayward fault would benefit their future reputation by owning up to their tectonic situation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443485469,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":677},"headData":{"title":"Faulty Civic Awareness with the Hayward Fault | KQED","description":"Cities along the Hayward fault would benefit their future reputation by owning up to their tectonic situation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Faulty Civic Awareness with the Hayward Fault","datePublished":"2012-06-21T19:20:31.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-29T00:11:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39875 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=39875","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/","disqusTitle":"Faulty Civic Awareness with the Hayward Fault","path":"/quest/39875/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39876\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/hywrdtrip/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39876\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-39876\" title=\"hywrdtrip\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdtrip.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"258\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geologists visiting Hayward in their colorful urban field dress pay homage to its namesake fault, which has been steadily offsetting this curb since 1971. Photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The East Bay is marked by the Hayward fault, stretching from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault\">Point Pinole\u003c/a> south through Fremont. It's considered the most dangerous earthquake fault in northern California, capable of a quake causing a $100 billion disaster. Geologists are conflicted as they approach the Hayward fault, with reverence for its capacity for damage but enthusiasm for its textbook display of tectonic features. City websites approach it with the terrified response of the proverbial ostrich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayward gave its name to the fault thanks to the original \"great San Francisco earthquake\" of 1868, but you wouldn't know it from the city's website. Indeed, most of the cities on the fault, north or south, don't admit that they're even near it except in passing, in old background documents. Pinole, San Pablo, Richmond, El Cerrito—nowhere on their websites do these cities show their residents where the fault is. Berkeley's website has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Planning_and_Development/Home/General_Plan_-_Disaster_Preparedness_and_Safety_Element.aspx\">a useful map\u003c/a>, but I can't tell you how to find it except through a brute-force search. Oakland, which sits on more miles of the fault than any other East Bay city, has almost nothing even in its \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/PSP/index.htm\">Public Safety Portal\u003c/a>. San Leandro has nothing. Hayward presents a low-grade map of the fault and a lot of good offsite links, but only a dedicated searcher can find them. And searching Fremont's website turns up nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have to call this situation a miserable failure. Off the top of my head, I checked Biloxi, Mississippi, a river town in hurricane country. There's a big tab, \"Storm & Flood Preparedness,\" high on the city website's home page. But East Bay cities treat earthquake as something nebulous in the environment that, like the 1989 Loma Prieta quake, might affect them as distant bystanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So who's helping our East Bay cities raise public awareness?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn't start writing this piece intending to blow my own horn, but my Oakland Geology blog has a geologic map of the city and \u003ca href=\"http://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/category/the-fault/\">many posts about the fault\u003c/a>. It seems like—no, it \u003ci>is\u003c/i> the least I can do. I actually set out to talk about Fremont, where a \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnucleus.org/haywardfault/hayward.html\">Hayward Fault Walk and Tour\u003c/a> takes place this summer on July 14 and August 11. The city is involved with that exercise, although the prime movers are the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnucleus.org/\">Math/Science Nucleus\u003c/a> and the federal U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1868/\">which has extensive resources on the Hayward fault\u003c/a>. The city of Fremont could hardly avoid involvement, because its first city building was set directly upon the fault trace in 1962 and is being slowly wrenched apart. (Geologist Joyce Blueford of Math/Science Nucleus \u003ca href=\"http://www.tricityvoice.com/articlefiledisplay.php?issue=2012-05-22&file=story1.txt\">provided this background document to the Tri-City Voice\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But consider the case of San Francisco, which owes a core aspect of its reputation to the great quake of 1906. What made San Francisco \"The City That Knows How\" was its indomitable response to the quake. San Francisco owns its fault. I think that Hayward could adopt some of that same attitude. It has a splendid fault museum already: its old City Hall, built in 1930 upon the Hayward fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/haywardcityhall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39877\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39877\" title=\"haywardcityhall\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/haywardcityhall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/haywardcityhall.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/haywardcityhall-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just peek in the windows of this beautiful shell to see the effects of aseismic creep, the steady, millimeters-per-year motion found along much of the fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/21/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault/hywrdcityhallcracks/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39878\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39878\" title=\"hywrdcityhallcracks\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdcityhallcracks.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdcityhallcracks.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/hywrdcityhallcracks-400x282.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And its \u003ca href=\"http://user.govoutreach.com/hayward/faq.php?cid=10773\">new City Hall building\u003c/a>, next to the BART station, is an example of state-of-the-art seismic design, sturdy and flexible enough to remain operational after the Hayward fault's Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that Big One will happen again, and life will resume. Like New York after 9/11, like New Orleans after Katrina, the cities of the East Bay will earn new reputations as they endure, revive and prevail. We can think and plan ahead for this trial-by-nature. It starts with admitting the obvious: this is our fault.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/39875/faulty-civic-awareness-with-the-hayward-fault","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_308","quest_909","quest_10262","quest_3582","quest_11136","quest_1325","quest_2024","quest_10254","quest_10188","quest_13","quest_11228"],"featImg":"quest_39877","label":"quest"},"quest_25657":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_25657","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"25657","score":null,"sort":[1317916812000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault","publishDate":1317916812,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoletop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25658\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoletop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25658\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward fault separates tidal marsh and coastal grassland at Point Pinole Regional Park just north of Richmond. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hayward fault threatens a lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay. But at its northern end, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_pinole\">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, the fault can be walked and traced across open land with trees and grass. You can imagine the fault's biggest earthquake, a magnitude 7.5 event, doing little more than knocking you on your butt there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinole Point is a gently rolling peninsula that points north-northwest into San Pablo Bay. It's underlain by 10-million-year-old gravelly sandstone of the Orinda Formation, but much more recent changes in sea level have left it draped in Pleistocene sediments, old soils and offshore peat beds. Still more recently the point was the home of an explosives manufacturer from 1881 to 1960. The East Bay Regional Park District bought the land in 1972, and today it's a nice place to stroll, run, ride, fish, picnic and geologize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the point is wooded, but the forest is exclusively eucalyptus, planted during the tree's heyday to help muffle the noise of explosives manufacturing and no doubt to provide shade. You can walk off the path easily when your curiosity beckons, and the light is beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoleforest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25663\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoleforest\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest-400x293.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see the green woods in this Google Earth view of the point, along with the mapped fault trace. Note that the park is named Point Pinole, but the point itself is Pinole Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolesat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25667\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolesat\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat-400x219.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frame grab from the US Geological Survey's {link url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/haywardfault/}Hayward Fault Tour{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But let's peek under the trees with the lidar digital elevation model. (I showed you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">lidar imagery of the San Gregorio fault\u003c/a> a couple months ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25661\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoledem/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25661\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoledem.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoledem\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25661\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data from {link url=http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=otgoogleearth}OpenTopography{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fault crosses the railroad tracks at the south (right) edge, skirts the edge of the coastal marsh and traverses the west side of the point until it runs offshore into San Pablo Bay. (It's been traced most of the way across the bay, but it dies out as seismic motion steps eastward to the Rodgers Creek fault in the North Bay.) The maps at the park show a different line, which is incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo at the top of this post looks straight down the fault trace from the southern marshland toward the train tracks. The next photo below is looking north up the fault trace; on the lidar image it's where the fault trace, displaced west by a large landslide, returns to its straight track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-fault-trace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25662\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-fault-trace\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25662\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grass was very tall here when I visited (goats will clean it up this winter), so the going was a bit hard. But it's quiet here off the trails, and I can recommend it as a place to meditate on the fault. The hollows along the break in slope all were much greener than the surrounding ground because faults tend to block the movement of groundwater. Very near here is where a trench was dug across the fault, one of several such scientific dissections made on the point in recent years. You can follow the fault north for a ways through the woods, but eventually it reaches the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolebeach/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25659\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolebeach\" width=\"600\" height=\"396\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25659\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides triggered by wave erosion have disturbed the western bluffs nearly everywhere on this part of the point, but where I was standing is as close as can be to where the fault meets the coast. As researcher Glenn Borchardt puts it, \"the erosion produces seasonal changes in the exposure, so some lucky earth scientist or astute passerby may be the first to see the landward end of the fault.\" In the 1980s, a trench dug here in the surf zone revealed serpentinite on one side of the fault and mudstone on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you go farther north along the trail here, the bluffs grow quite high. The material they expose is coarse gravel, and the larger stones in the surf zone have an entertaining variety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-bluff/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25660\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-bluff\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25660\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the point itself, the ground surface appears to be uplifted and tilted eastward. This is not unexpected around a major fault, but I have not seen anything documented about it. If you go out on the fishing pier at Pinole Point and look back, the tilt looks obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolepoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25666\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolepoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"336\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25666\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look all the way around while you're there; Pinole Point is uncommonly peaceful and remote while being in the center of a lot of North Bay landmarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the scenery at Point Pinole Park really shows the threat of the Hayward fault. But just south of the park is the Parchester Village neighborhood, a cookie-cutter of 1950-vintage suburbia planted right on the fault. There, just as clearly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">as in downtown Hayward\u003c/a>, you can see the classic signs of aseismic creep slowly tearing apart the homes, lots and pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-parchester/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25664\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-parchester\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements show that the fault is moving around 5 millimeters a year there. Only our human encroachments reveal the ongoing action of the tectonic plates that brings the next big Hayward fault quake closer every day.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Pinole Point offers a view of the Hayward fault in its natural setting, without the human overprint that brands it as a hazard.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1325109155,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":870},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault | KQED","description":"Pinole Point offers a view of the Hayward fault in its natural setting, without the human overprint that brands it as a hazard.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault","datePublished":"2011-10-06T16:00:12.000Z","dateModified":"2011-12-28T21:52:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"25657 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=25657","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Point Pinole and the Hayward fault","path":"/quest/25657/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoletop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25658\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoletop\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25658\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoletop-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward fault separates tidal marsh and coastal grassland at Point Pinole Regional Park just north of Richmond. Photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Hayward fault threatens a lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay. But at its northern end, at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_pinole\">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, the fault can be walked and traced across open land with trees and grass. You can imagine the fault's biggest earthquake, a magnitude 7.5 event, doing little more than knocking you on your butt there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinole Point is a gently rolling peninsula that points north-northwest into San Pablo Bay. It's underlain by 10-million-year-old gravelly sandstone of the Orinda Formation, but much more recent changes in sea level have left it draped in Pleistocene sediments, old soils and offshore peat beds. Still more recently the point was the home of an explosives manufacturer from 1881 to 1960. The East Bay Regional Park District bought the land in 1972, and today it's a nice place to stroll, run, ride, fish, picnic and geologize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the point is wooded, but the forest is exclusively eucalyptus, planted during the tree's heyday to help muffle the noise of explosives manufacturing and no doubt to provide shade. You can walk off the path easily when your curiosity beckons, and the light is beautiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoleforest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25663\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoleforest\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25663\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoleforest-400x293.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see the green woods in this Google Earth view of the point, along with the mapped fault trace. Note that the park is named Point Pinole, but the point itself is Pinole Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolesat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25667\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolesat\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolesat-400x219.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frame grab from the US Geological Survey's {link url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/haywardfault/}Hayward Fault Tour{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But let's peek under the trees with the lidar digital elevation model. (I showed you \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/28/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-ao-nuevo/\">lidar imagery of the San Gregorio fault\u003c/a> a couple months ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25661\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinoledem/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25661\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinoledem.gif\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinoledem\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25661\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data from {link url=http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=otgoogleearth}OpenTopography{/link}.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fault crosses the railroad tracks at the south (right) edge, skirts the edge of the coastal marsh and traverses the west side of the point until it runs offshore into San Pablo Bay. (It's been traced most of the way across the bay, but it dies out as seismic motion steps eastward to the Rodgers Creek fault in the North Bay.) The maps at the park show a different line, which is incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo at the top of this post looks straight down the fault trace from the southern marshland toward the train tracks. The next photo below is looking north up the fault trace; on the lidar image it's where the fault trace, displaced west by a large landslide, returns to its straight track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-fault-trace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25662\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-fault-trace\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25662\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-fault-trace-400x262.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grass was very tall here when I visited (goats will clean it up this winter), so the going was a bit hard. But it's quiet here off the trails, and I can recommend it as a place to meditate on the fault. The hollows along the break in slope all were much greener than the surrounding ground because faults tend to block the movement of groundwater. Very near here is where a trench was dug across the fault, one of several such scientific dissections made on the point in recent years. You can follow the fault north for a ways through the woods, but eventually it reaches the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolebeach/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25659\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolebeach\" width=\"600\" height=\"396\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25659\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolebeach-400x264.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landslides triggered by wave erosion have disturbed the western bluffs nearly everywhere on this part of the point, but where I was standing is as close as can be to where the fault meets the coast. As researcher Glenn Borchardt puts it, \"the erosion produces seasonal changes in the exposure, so some lucky earth scientist or astute passerby may be the first to see the landward end of the fault.\" In the 1980s, a trench dug here in the surf zone revealed serpentinite on one side of the fault and mudstone on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you go farther north along the trail here, the bluffs grow quite high. The material they expose is coarse gravel, and the larger stones in the surf zone have an entertaining variety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-bluff/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25660\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-bluff\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25660\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-bluff-400x245.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the point itself, the ground surface appears to be uplifted and tilted eastward. This is not unexpected around a major fault, but I have not seen anything documented about it. If you go out on the fishing pier at Pinole Point and look back, the tilt looks obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinolepoint/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25666\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinolepoint\" width=\"600\" height=\"336\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25666\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinolepoint-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look all the way around while you're there; Pinole Point is uncommonly peaceful and remote while being in the center of a lot of North Bay landmarks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the scenery at Point Pinole Park really shows the threat of the Hayward fault. But just south of the park is the Parchester Village neighborhood, a cookie-cutter of 1950-vintage suburbia planted right on the fault. There, just as clearly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/\">as in downtown Hayward\u003c/a>, you can see the classic signs of aseismic creep slowly tearing apart the homes, lots and pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/06/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault/pinole-parchester/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-25664\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pinole-parchester\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/pinole-parchester-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements show that the fault is moving around 5 millimeters a year there. Only our human encroachments reveal the ongoing action of the tectonic plates that brings the next big Hayward fault quake closer every day.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/25657/geological-outings-around-the-bay-point-pinole-and-the-hayward-fault","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_10255","quest_909","quest_3401","quest_1325","quest_10254","quest_13202","quest_2431"],"featImg":"quest_25658","label":"quest"},"quest_24405":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_24405","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"24405","score":null,"sort":[1316545241000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-shaking-table-at-uc-berkeley","title":"QUEST Lab: The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley","publishDate":1316545241,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST Lab | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13256,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>In 2008, I produced a QUEST TV feature story called, \"Hayward Fault: Predictable Peril\" (UPDATED: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/14/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/\">The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster\u003c/a>). The story focused on the earthquake fault that runs from San Jose in the south to San Pablo Bay in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. A magnitude 7 earthquake occurred along this fault in 1868 that killed several people and destroyed buildings throughout the East Bay as well as in San Francisco. The 1868 quake was referred to as 'the great earthquake' prior to the epic 1906 earthquake that happened along the San Andreas fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gist of the 2008 TV story was that geologists are now able to use special paleoseismic techniques to analyze earthquake faults and determine their seismic history over several thousand years. By noticing patterns in earthquake activity over long periods of time, they can also make predictions about when major events are likely to happen in the future. They determined that a major event of 6.8 or higher happens every 140 years or so on the Hayward Fault. It's been 143 since the last one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24808\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Shaking-Table_Khalid_6401-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Shaking Table_Khalid_640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24808\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineer Khalid Mosalam\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A 2003 report by the USGS found that there is a \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/wg02/results.php\">62% probability of at least one magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake in the 3-decade interval 2003-2032 within the San Francisco Bay region\u003c/a>. With odds like this, I'm grateful that there are people like Khalid Mosalam and his colleagues at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Shaking Table Laboratory who dedicate their careers to learning how to make the built environment that we live in, work in and travel on more safe in an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'd included about a minute of video from the Shaking Table Lab in the 2008 piece but I always regretted that I wasn't able to show more of this facility. So when we started putting together an entire episode focused around the theme of earthquakes, I thought a short segment about the Shaking Table would be perfect for this show. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24812\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Shaking-Table_electric_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Shaking Table_electric_640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24812\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Substation equipment getting shaken up on the table\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we were there shooting in 2008, they were testing some electrical substation switches which were interesting but definitely not as dramatic as some of the other structures they build and shake in three axes, often until collapse. The generous engineers at PEER were able to provide us some videos of other structures they tested including a two story house, a masonry wall and a bridge pier support. The 20' x 20' table is one of the largest in the world to be able to move in three directions (translation and rotation) so, according to Mosalam, it's an extremely important piece of equipment at UC Berkeley and has contributed to important research that will result in people being safer when the next 'big one' hits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Khalid Mosalam and his colleagues at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Shaking Table Laboratory are helping to make communities safer in an earthquake. \r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1460742884,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":478},"headData":{"title":"QUEST Lab: The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley | KQED","description":"Khalid Mosalam and his colleagues at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Shaking Table Laboratory are helping to make communities safer in an earthquake. \r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST Lab: The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley","datePublished":"2011-09-20T19:00:41.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-15T17:54:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"24405 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=24405","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/09/20/the-shaking-table-at-uc-berkeley/","disqusTitle":"QUEST Lab: The Shaking Table at UC Berkeley","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dW5Hxeg7vsc","path":"/quest/24405/the-shaking-table-at-uc-berkeley","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2008, I produced a QUEST TV feature story called, \"Hayward Fault: Predictable Peril\" (UPDATED: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/14/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/\">The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster\u003c/a>). The story focused on the earthquake fault that runs from San Jose in the south to San Pablo Bay in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. A magnitude 7 earthquake occurred along this fault in 1868 that killed several people and destroyed buildings throughout the East Bay as well as in San Francisco. The 1868 quake was referred to as 'the great earthquake' prior to the epic 1906 earthquake that happened along the San Andreas fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gist of the 2008 TV story was that geologists are now able to use special paleoseismic techniques to analyze earthquake faults and determine their seismic history over several thousand years. By noticing patterns in earthquake activity over long periods of time, they can also make predictions about when major events are likely to happen in the future. They determined that a major event of 6.8 or higher happens every 140 years or so on the Hayward Fault. It's been 143 since the last one. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24808\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Shaking-Table_Khalid_6401-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Shaking Table_Khalid_640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24808\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineer Khalid Mosalam\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A 2003 report by the USGS found that there is a \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/wg02/results.php\">62% probability of at least one magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake in the 3-decade interval 2003-2032 within the San Francisco Bay region\u003c/a>. With odds like this, I'm grateful that there are people like Khalid Mosalam and his colleagues at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Shaking Table Laboratory who dedicate their careers to learning how to make the built environment that we live in, work in and travel on more safe in an earthquake. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'd included about a minute of video from the Shaking Table Lab in the 2008 piece but I always regretted that I wasn't able to show more of this facility. So when we started putting together an entire episode focused around the theme of earthquakes, I thought a short segment about the Shaking Table would be perfect for this show. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24812\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Shaking-Table_electric_640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Shaking Table_electric_640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-24812\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Substation equipment getting shaken up on the table\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When we were there shooting in 2008, they were testing some electrical substation switches which were interesting but definitely not as dramatic as some of the other structures they build and shake in three axes, often until collapse. The generous engineers at PEER were able to provide us some videos of other structures they tested including a two story house, a masonry wall and a bridge pier support. The 20' x 20' table is one of the largest in the world to be able to move in three directions (translation and rotation) so, according to Mosalam, it's an extremely important piece of equipment at UC Berkeley and has contributed to important research that will result in people being safer when the next 'big one' hits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24405/the-shaking-table-at-uc-berkeley","authors":["209"],"series":["quest_13256"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_11","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_3923","quest_814","quest_907","quest_13197","quest_1080","quest_13200","quest_1325","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_10188","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2484","quest_10187","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_24804","label":"quest_13256"},"quest_19220":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19220","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19220","score":null,"sort":[1304606524000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: A Visit to the Hayward Fault","publishDate":1304606524,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFintro.jpg\" alt=\"hayward fault\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Suburbia is warped in downtown Hayward, where fault creep is steadily distorting curbs, walls and pavement. All photos by Andrew Alden except where noted.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my first post on KQED Quest Science, I invited you to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/17/befriend-your-local-fault/\">make friends with your local earthquake faults\u003c/a>. The best place to do so, in my opinion, is in Hayward, where the Hayward fault runs right through downtown. You can start at the Hayward BART station and enjoy a good meal while you're in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes Hayward special is that the fault moves steadily there, even without earthquakes, in the process that geologists call aseismic slip, or fault creep. Very few faults are known to creep, but in the Bay Area we have three: the Hayward fault, the Calaveras fault in Hollister, and the San Andreas fault south of Gilroy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love my copy of U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1992/2196/\">Map MF-2196\u003c/a>, \"Recently Active Traces of the Hayward Fault,\" published in 1992 on a topographic map base. But the Survey's \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/index.html\">online database\u003c/a>, updated twice since then, costs nothing and is projected on aerial photos. Here's how downtown Hayward looks in it; click the image for a larger version. North is to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFmap.png\" width=\"500\" alt=\"hayward fault map\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BART station is at the bottom between A and D Streets. If you can, walk through the new City Hall on your way to Mission Boulevard; it's highly engineered for earthquake resistance, and the apron of stone around it hides a base-isolation system that lets the building shimmy like a surfer to ease the stress on it from a magnitude-7 event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mission it's simply a matter of walking in either direction and going up each side street. The annotations have a simple code: C1 and C2 denote excellent and good creep evidence, respectively. Here are examples of the codes that follow them. First is \"ec,\" for echelon cracks, like this set from Oakland's Lake Temescal where the fault has its own exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFechelons.jpg\" alt=\"echelon cracks\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we go any farther I should point out that Hayward is not proud of its fault. Many homes and properties were built upon the fault trace before creep was first recognized in 1956. It's best not to stand and point. Geology teachers tell their classes the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The code \"rc\" stands for right-offset curb. These are easy to spot. I photographed this example a few years ago; since then the construction site has become a structure, but the curb still takes its rightward jog. The Hayward fault is classified as right-lateral, meaning that when you look across it, the other side moves to the right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFrc.jpg\" alt=\"offset curb\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curb on Sunset Street, near Prospect Street, is a clearer example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFsunset.jpg\" alt=\"sunset street offset curb\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The codes \"rb\" and \"rw\" mean offset buildings and walls, respectively. You'll see a lot of damaged brick buildings, or recent repairs, in line with the bent curbs. The code \"jo\" means open joints or cracks in concrete. This example shows a steadily opening gap that has been patched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFjo.jpg\" alt=\"concrete joint\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Localities marked \"so\" have had their offsets surveyed. The most commonly visited site is the corner of Rose and Prospect Streets, the yellow circle on the map. The corner curb has had a constant stream of visitors since it was built in 1971. This is how it looked in 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFrose1.jpg\" alt=\"offset curb\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/misspudding/\">misspudding\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Common license\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see from my photo taken in 2007 that it has moved further since then. The street here has a good set of echelon cracks too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFrose2.jpg\" alt=\"offset curb\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prospect Street got its name because it runs along a low ridge with a nice view west. The ridge is a pressure ridge, thrown up during thousands of years of creep and earthquakes. That's one natural sign of fault activity. Another is offset streams, which are just like offset curbs only much larger. You'll see one on the map where a stream flows down from the top (east), turns sharply to its right, then jogs leftward on the other side of the fault. It's marked \"G1, rs\" meaning excellent geomorphic evidence consisting of a right-offset stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another natural fault sign appears about 2 miles south on Mission at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, where you can look up on the hillside just to the south and see another natural sign of the fault: a line of springs. It really stands out in the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFsprings.jpg\" alt=\"line of springs\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just a beginning of what geologists learn to see, but you can follow in their footsteps as far as you care by visiting the USGS's \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/\">Northern California earthquake home\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.67981 -122.09122\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The best place to visit a fault is in Hayward, where the Hayward fault runs right through downtown. You can take BART there and enjoy a good meal while you're in town.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311134845,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":774},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: A Visit to the Hayward Fault | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: A Visit to the Hayward Fault","datePublished":"2011-05-05T14:42:04.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-20T04:07:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19220 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=14270","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/05/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: A Visit to the Hayward Fault","path":"/quest/19220/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFintro.jpg\" alt=\"hayward fault\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Suburbia is warped in downtown Hayward, where fault creep is steadily distorting curbs, walls and pavement. All photos by Andrew Alden except where noted.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my first post on KQED Quest Science, I invited you to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/17/befriend-your-local-fault/\">make friends with your local earthquake faults\u003c/a>. The best place to do so, in my opinion, is in Hayward, where the Hayward fault runs right through downtown. You can start at the Hayward BART station and enjoy a good meal while you're in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes Hayward special is that the fault moves steadily there, even without earthquakes, in the process that geologists call aseismic slip, or fault creep. Very few faults are known to creep, but in the Bay Area we have three: the Hayward fault, the Calaveras fault in Hollister, and the San Andreas fault south of Gilroy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love my copy of U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1992/2196/\">Map MF-2196\u003c/a>, \"Recently Active Traces of the Hayward Fault,\" published in 1992 on a topographic map base. But the Survey's \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/177/index.html\">online database\u003c/a>, updated twice since then, costs nothing and is projected on aerial photos. Here's how downtown Hayward looks in it; click the image for a larger version. North is to the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFmap.png\" width=\"500\" alt=\"hayward fault map\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BART station is at the bottom between A and D Streets. If you can, walk through the new City Hall on your way to Mission Boulevard; it's highly engineered for earthquake resistance, and the apron of stone around it hides a base-isolation system that lets the building shimmy like a surfer to ease the stress on it from a magnitude-7 event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mission it's simply a matter of walking in either direction and going up each side street. The annotations have a simple code: C1 and C2 denote excellent and good creep evidence, respectively. Here are examples of the codes that follow them. First is \"ec,\" for echelon cracks, like this set from Oakland's Lake Temescal where the fault has its own exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFechelons.jpg\" alt=\"echelon cracks\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we go any farther I should point out that Hayward is not proud of its fault. Many homes and properties were built upon the fault trace before creep was first recognized in 1956. It's best not to stand and point. Geology teachers tell their classes the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The code \"rc\" stands for right-offset curb. These are easy to spot. I photographed this example a few years ago; since then the construction site has become a structure, but the curb still takes its rightward jog. The Hayward fault is classified as right-lateral, meaning that when you look across it, the other side moves to the right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFrc.jpg\" alt=\"offset curb\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curb on Sunset Street, near Prospect Street, is a clearer example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFsunset.jpg\" alt=\"sunset street offset curb\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The codes \"rb\" and \"rw\" mean offset buildings and walls, respectively. You'll see a lot of damaged brick buildings, or recent repairs, in line with the bent curbs. The code \"jo\" means open joints or cracks in concrete. This example shows a steadily opening gap that has been patched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFjo.jpg\" alt=\"concrete joint\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Localities marked \"so\" have had their offsets surveyed. The most commonly visited site is the corner of Rose and Prospect Streets, the yellow circle on the map. The corner curb has had a constant stream of visitors since it was built in 1971. This is how it looked in 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFrose1.jpg\" alt=\"offset curb\">\u003cbr>\n\u003csub>Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/misspudding/\">misspudding\u003c/a> of Flickr under Creative Common license\u003c/sub>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see from my photo taken in 2007 that it has moved further since then. The street here has a good set of echelon cracks too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFrose2.jpg\" alt=\"offset curb\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prospect Street got its name because it runs along a low ridge with a nice view west. The ridge is a pressure ridge, thrown up during thousands of years of creep and earthquakes. That's one natural sign of fault activity. Another is offset streams, which are just like offset curbs only much larger. You'll see one on the map where a stream flows down from the top (east), turns sharply to its right, then jogs leftward on the other side of the fault. It's marked \"G1, rs\" meaning excellent geomorphic evidence consisting of a right-offset stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another natural fault sign appears about 2 miles south on Mission at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, where you can look up on the hillside just to the south and see another natural sign of the fault: a line of springs. It really stands out in the dry season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/HFsprings.jpg\" alt=\"line of springs\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just a beginning of what geologists learn to see, but you can follow in their footsteps as far as you care by visiting the USGS's \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/\">Northern California earthquake home\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.67981 -122.09122\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19220/geological-outings-around-the-bay-a-visit-to-the-hayward-fault","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_909","quest_1325","quest_2580","quest_3048"],"featImg":"quest_14273","label":"quest"},"quest_13629":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_13629","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"13629","score":null,"sort":[1302205915000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"geological-outings-around-the-bay-alum-rock-park","title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Alum Rock Park","publishDate":1302205915,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrocksig2.jpg\" alt=\"hot springs\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Mineral springs, fresh air, and a cross-section of South Bay history—not to mention its rocks—are all on display at Alum Rock Park. All photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sjparks.org/regional/alumrock.asp\">Alum Rock Park\u003c/a> occupies the small, steep valley of Penitencia Creek carved into the hills east of San Jose. The city has owned it since 1872, when it became California's first city park. For a generation it was a major regional attraction for its warm mineral springs and the entertainment complex surrounding them, of which only traces remain today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today it's a great place to get away from the city's hustle while pretending you're still at the office (except on Mondays, when it's closed). But if you put away the phone and pay attention to your surroundings, Alum Rock Park can show you some of San Jose's deep history and the Bay Area's rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing else, the park provides good views to the west over the Santa Clara Valley from its higher trails. You can choose from a warm south-facing slope and a cool north-facing one, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrockview2.jpg\" alt=\"santa clara valley view\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have a look at the geologic map of the area (from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">USGS Open-File Map 98-795\u003c/a>) below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrockmap2.png\" alt=\"alum rock park geologic map\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penitencia Creek comes downhill from the right center and exits on the lower left. The park entrance is right at the edge of bedrock (Kbc, conglomerate of the Berryessa Formation), and the uppermost parking area is at the Tcc (Claremont Formation) mark. Hiking trails run along both sides of the creek giving you a good look at all the rock units from the park entrance to the Briones Formation (Tbr) on the right. Let's see some, starting with the conglomerate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrockcong2.jpg\" alt=\"conglomerate\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This very coarse grained rock and its related sandstone in the Berryessa Formation are part of the Great Valley Sequence, thick beds of sedimentary rock built up while the Sierra Nevada was intruding all that granite, back around 100 million years ago in Cretaceous time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the boulder is Eagle Rock, which corresponds to the pinkish blob surrounded by landslides to the right of the \"Kbc\" label. You can climb up there or stroll through the other outcrop labeled Jbk. The rock itself is well-traveled volcanic material that has been permeated and altered by hot mineralizing fluids. Here's a chunk of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alum-rock2.jpg\" alt=\"alum rock\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large outcrop along the creek gives the park its name. An early visitor mistook the whitish crust on these rocks as alum, which would have been a nice find at the time. It's actually sulfate minerals, but the name stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther upstream, just past the visitor center, is where the mineral spring zone begins. On the geologic map, it corresponds to the exposure of Claremont Formation (Tcc), a belt of ribbon chert of Miocene age (about 10 million years) familiar in the East Bay Hills. Here the chert is dark with organic matter and its beds are upturned almost to vertical. That combination of chemistry and structure has given rise to warm upwellings of chemically interesting groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrocksprings2.jpg\" alt=\"alum rock springs\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 20 different springs here, each with a nice stone housing. The ones I dipped my fingers into were bathtub-warm, and the water is sulfur-scented. A hundred years ago Alum Rock Park was a big health spa, with a rail line direct from downtown. That was when the stonework was done. You can see where seepage has built up cones of minerals on the lower wall. All of the springs issue from the Claremont chert—here's a closeup of the chert and the mineral crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumchert2.jpg\" alt=\"chert and crust\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that excitement you may want to continue upstream, into the structurally overlying and younger Briones Formation. This set of rocks is coarser grained than the Claremont, deposited nearer to shore. The other way to look at it is that the shoreline grew closer to this spot as geologic time progressed. This is a well-scrubbed outcrop in the stream bed that shows its bedding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumbrionescrop2.jpg\" alt=\"briones formation\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the Briones are so full of fossils that the rock is best described as shell hash. You'll see this same stone at Lime Ridge in Walnut Creek and other places in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumbrioneshash2.jpg\" alt=\"shell hash\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole belt of rocks lies in the zone where the Hayward fault merges with the Calaveras fault. On the map above, the Calaveras runs down the right edge of the Briones Formation, between the Calaveras and Anderson Reservoirs. The Hayward fault formally ends a few miles northwest, but the many smaller faults marked as heavy lines are of the same ilk and reflect the same tectonics. Friction along the faults may account for the warmth of the springs, just one more way that the deep Earth affects us in our region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also check out QUEST's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/alum-rock-exploration\">Alum Rock Science Hike\u003c/a> for more info.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.397 -121.798\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A hundred years ago Alum Rock Park was a big health spa, with a rail line direct from downtown to the warm mineral springs. Today the springs still run among the upturned rocks between the Hayward and Calaveras faults.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1311134621,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":818},"headData":{"title":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Alum Rock Park | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Alum Rock Park","datePublished":"2011-04-07T19:51:55.000Z","dateModified":"2011-07-20T04:03:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13629 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=13629","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/07/geological-outings-around-the-bay-alum-rock-park/","disqusTitle":"Geological Outings Around the Bay: Alum Rock Park","path":"/quest/13629/geological-outings-around-the-bay-alum-rock-park","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrocksig2.jpg\" alt=\"hot springs\" class=\"alignleft size-full\">\u003cem>\u003csup>Mineral springs, fresh air, and a cross-section of South Bay history—not to mention its rocks—are all on display at Alum Rock Park. All photos by Andrew Alden.\u003c/sup>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sjparks.org/regional/alumrock.asp\">Alum Rock Park\u003c/a> occupies the small, steep valley of Penitencia Creek carved into the hills east of San Jose. The city has owned it since 1872, when it became California's first city park. For a generation it was a major regional attraction for its warm mineral springs and the entertainment complex surrounding them, of which only traces remain today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today it's a great place to get away from the city's hustle while pretending you're still at the office (except on Mondays, when it's closed). But if you put away the phone and pay attention to your surroundings, Alum Rock Park can show you some of San Jose's deep history and the Bay Area's rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing else, the park provides good views to the west over the Santa Clara Valley from its higher trails. You can choose from a warm south-facing slope and a cool north-facing one, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrockview2.jpg\" alt=\"santa clara valley view\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have a look at the geologic map of the area (from \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-795/\">USGS Open-File Map 98-795\u003c/a>) below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrockmap2.png\" alt=\"alum rock park geologic map\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penitencia Creek comes downhill from the right center and exits on the lower left. The park entrance is right at the edge of bedrock (Kbc, conglomerate of the Berryessa Formation), and the uppermost parking area is at the Tcc (Claremont Formation) mark. Hiking trails run along both sides of the creek giving you a good look at all the rock units from the park entrance to the Briones Formation (Tbr) on the right. Let's see some, starting with the conglomerate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrockcong2.jpg\" alt=\"conglomerate\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This very coarse grained rock and its related sandstone in the Berryessa Formation are part of the Great Valley Sequence, thick beds of sedimentary rock built up while the Sierra Nevada was intruding all that granite, back around 100 million years ago in Cretaceous time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the boulder is Eagle Rock, which corresponds to the pinkish blob surrounded by landslides to the right of the \"Kbc\" label. You can climb up there or stroll through the other outcrop labeled Jbk. The rock itself is well-traveled volcanic material that has been permeated and altered by hot mineralizing fluids. Here's a chunk of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alum-rock2.jpg\" alt=\"alum rock\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large outcrop along the creek gives the park its name. An early visitor mistook the whitish crust on these rocks as alum, which would have been a nice find at the time. It's actually sulfate minerals, but the name stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther upstream, just past the visitor center, is where the mineral spring zone begins. On the geologic map, it corresponds to the exposure of Claremont Formation (Tcc), a belt of ribbon chert of Miocene age (about 10 million years) familiar in the East Bay Hills. Here the chert is dark with organic matter and its beds are upturned almost to vertical. That combination of chemistry and structure has given rise to warm upwellings of chemically interesting groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumrocksprings2.jpg\" alt=\"alum rock springs\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 20 different springs here, each with a nice stone housing. The ones I dipped my fingers into were bathtub-warm, and the water is sulfur-scented. A hundred years ago Alum Rock Park was a big health spa, with a rail line direct from downtown. That was when the stonework was done. You can see where seepage has built up cones of minerals on the lower wall. All of the springs issue from the Claremont chert—here's a closeup of the chert and the mineral crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumchert2.jpg\" alt=\"chert and crust\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that excitement you may want to continue upstream, into the structurally overlying and younger Briones Formation. This set of rocks is coarser grained than the Claremont, deposited nearer to shore. The other way to look at it is that the shoreline grew closer to this spot as geologic time progressed. This is a well-scrubbed outcrop in the stream bed that shows its bedding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumbrionescrop2.jpg\" alt=\"briones formation\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the Briones are so full of fossils that the rock is best described as shell hash. You'll see this same stone at Lime Ridge in Walnut Creek and other places in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/04/alumbrioneshash2.jpg\" alt=\"shell hash\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole belt of rocks lies in the zone where the Hayward fault merges with the Calaveras fault. On the map above, the Calaveras runs down the right edge of the Briones Formation, between the Calaveras and Anderson Reservoirs. The Hayward fault formally ends a few miles northwest, but the many smaller faults marked as heavy lines are of the same ilk and reflect the same tectonics. Friction along the faults may account for the warmth of the springs, just one more way that the deep Earth affects us in our region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also check out QUEST's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/exploration/alum-rock-exploration\">Alum Rock Science Hike\u003c/a> for more info.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.397 -121.798\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/13629/geological-outings-around-the-bay-alum-rock-park","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11"],"tags":["quest_3454","quest_3492","quest_3507","quest_3528","quest_3535","quest_3405","quest_1325","quest_1374","quest_3669","quest_2493","quest_3800"],"featImg":"quest_13638","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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