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He has also attended the WETA Producers Academy and was recently selected a Fellow for the Institutes for Journalism & Natural Resources Asian Carp Institute.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f3cd71b53dbc48606fd3e143647367a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["coordinator","edit_published_pages","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andy Soth | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f3cd71b53dbc48606fd3e143647367a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f3cd71b53dbc48606fd3e143647367a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andysoth"},"ehuber":{"type":"authors","id":"10469","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10469","found":true},"name":"Erin Huber","firstName":"Erin","lastName":"Huber","slug":"ehuber","email":"erin@drinklocaldrinktap.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Ms. Huber is a social entrepreneur and the executive director and founder of Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc. She has a decade-long history of civic engagement, project management, working with youth, mentoring, leadership, volunteerism, environmental stewardship, and academic accomplishments proven by an extensive list of awards and honors. She was recently selected to present at bigBANG! in Cleveland, Ohio, named one of Cleveland’s Most Interesting People of 2012 by Cleveland Magazine, inducted into the 2012 Mentor High School (Ohio) Alumni Hall of Fame, awarded the 2012 Distinguished Alumni Award from the Urban College at Cleveland State University and featured a water action figure by Circle of Blue. Huber is the executive producer of the 2013 documentary, “Making Waves from Cleveland to Uganda“, and advocates for safe water through speaking engagements domestically and designing and building safe water projects globally in east Africa. Her mission is to save our water and save lives. Ms. Huber is a native Northeast Ohioan currently residing in Lakewood, Ohio. She holds the following credentials; Master of Science in Urban Studies: Sustainability Policy and New Economics , Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science: Policy and Planning, Associate of Arts, Associate of Science, and Certificate for Liveroof Installations, Liveroof Inc.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e7333d697fd44d868da3f7fddea4a33?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Erin Huber | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e7333d697fd44d868da3f7fddea4a33?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5e7333d697fd44d868da3f7fddea4a33?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ehuber"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_65631":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_65631","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"65631","score":null,"sort":[1395410423000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dredging-up-a-problem","title":"Dredging Up a Problem","publishDate":1395410423,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442699329,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1191},"headData":{"title":"Dredging Up a Problem | KQED","description":"The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"65631 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65631","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/21/dredging-up-a-problem/","disqusTitle":"Dredging Up a Problem","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","path":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_8","quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12760","quest_252","quest_12021","quest_688","quest_12757","quest_3541","quest_10167","quest_883","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1339","quest_10327","quest_12758","quest_12098","quest_12638","quest_2141","quest_9868","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_2576","quest_12759","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_68713","label":"source_quest_65631"},"quest_60697":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_60697","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"60697","score":null,"sort":[1381759204000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lake-tahoe-can-we-save-it","title":"Lake Tahoe: Can We Save It?","publishDate":1381759204,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST Sustainability Science – TV series | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11767,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Lake Tahoe’s famously blue waters – which make it the clearest lake of its size in the United States – attract three million visitors to California and Nevada each year. But decades of development, and now climate change, threaten this national treasure. This QUEST half-hour documentary takes you behind the scenes with the scientists working to keep the lake pristine and protect it for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lake Tahoe isn’t the only body of water that comes to mind when we think about America’s most treasured lakes. The Great Lakes, an interconnected set of five lakes which include lakes Erie, Superior, Huron, Michigan and Ontario, hold 18% of the water on the face of the Earth. Both Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes face environmental challenges, but are differently equipped to handle them because of their particular characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Similarities between Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Potable Water Sources\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62237\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tahoe-dam.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-62237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tahoe-dam-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tahoe dam\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Tahoe delivers millions of gallons of water every day for residents and farmers along the Truckee River. The Tahoe dam was built in 1909. Photo: Arwen Curry / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both the Great Lakes and Lake Tahoe provide potable water to surrounding populations, though at very different scales. The Great Lakes deliver 43 billion gallons per day, hundreds of times more than Lake Tahoe. Lake Michigan alone provides drinking water to 12 million residents. Around three quarters of the water taken from the Great Lakes is used to cool down power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Climate Change Impacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62207\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors at Lake Tahoe's Sand Harbor.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Warmer temperatures are nice for visitors, like these at Lake Tahoe's Sand Harbor, in Nevada. But they could lead the lake to move away from its famous indigo blue and more towards green. Photo: Arwen Curry / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes are warming up, just like all lakes around the world. “We’ve had some summers where the surface temperature is very, very warm, compared to 20, 25 years ago,” said Brant Allen, of the University of California-Davis’ Tahoe Environmental Research Center. Although it’s nice for visitors, heat encourages the growth of microscopic algae that scatter the light off the lake’s surface and make it appear cloudy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up north, intense spring rains that washed fertilizer into Lake Erie, coupled with a warm summer, contributed to a 2011 algae bloom that covered the surface of the lake’s western basin with a bright green scum. “All of the factors that happened in 2011 are the types of factors that we expect to see more commonly in the future,” said Anna Michalak, a Great Lakes researcher at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Invasive Species\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/NPS_mussels_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-62212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/NPS_mussels_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Quagga mussels attached to pipes in Lake Mead\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quagga mussels clog pipes, like these in Nevada's Lake Mead. Authorities are working hard to keep the mussels out of Lake Tahoe. Photo: National Park Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Zebra mussels and quagga mussels have invaded the Great Lakes, damaging sport fisheries and clogging intake pipes with their hard shells, to the tune of $1 billion per year. The mussels have hitched rides out west on recreational boats. But so far they haven’t reached Lake Tahoe, and authorities there are fighting hard to keep them out by inspecting every boat before it goes into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first, I thought the public would be very resistant to the idea of paying fees for boat inspections,” said Geoff Schladow, director of the University of California-Davis’ Tahoe Environmental Research Center. “But the more people I talk to, they’re very accepting of the need for it.” Lake Tahoe is already dealing with \u003ca title=\"Information on Asian clams on UC Davis TERC's page\" href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/research/aquaticinvasives.html\">the invasive Asian clam\u003c/a>, which produces algae mats that wash up on its beaches, and an aquatic plant called milfoil, which sticks to boats’ propellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Differences between Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Depth v. Width\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62228\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62228\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay.jpg\" alt=\"Eagle Falls over Emerald Bay\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The water pouring into Lake Tahoe doesn't carry many of the nutrients that algae feed on. This is one of the reasons why the lake is so clear. Eagle Falls flows into Emerald Bay, one of Lake Tahoe's most iconic spots on the California side of the lake. Photo: Gabriela Quirós / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is the eleventh \u003cem>deepest \u003c/em>lake in the world. Lake Erie is the tenth \u003cem>largest \u003c/em>lake in the world. At its deepest point, Lake Tahoe plunges to 1,645 feet – which makes it deeper than the Empire State building is tall. And this depth helps the lake stay clear, since its 39 trillion gallons of water are able to dilute the tiny dirt particles and nitrogen and phosphorus that threaten its transparency. By contrast, Lake Erie’s deepest point is only about 200 feet deep. With less water to dilute the nutrients that algae feed off, \u003ca title=\"Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie \" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">Lake Erie is particularly vulnerable to algae blooms.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Watershed Size\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is fortunate in that its watershed is small and the soil around it is relatively nutrient-poor. The 63 rivers that feed Lake Tahoe travel through an area about the size of the lake itself. Most lakes have watersheds many times bigger, which give tributaries more of a chance to pick up pollutants as they flow towards the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/farmers-fight-back-against-toxic-algal-blooms/\">Lake Erie has suffered from a steady flow of phosphorus from agriculture\u003c/a>, which has contributed to bad algae blooms. Corn is planted widely in the Plains – partly to produce ethanol for use as a biofuel – and requires a lot of fertilizer. “The national biofuels program is what’s pushing more corn production,” said Stanford scientist Anna Michalak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62224\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home.jpg\" alt=\"Homeowners around Lake Tahoe are required to keep dirt from flowing into the lake.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homeowners around Lake Tahoe are required to keep dirt from flowing into the lake. Brad Kohler watches as workers install a channel and sediment trap at the bottom of his driveway in Tahoe City, California. When it rains, this mechanism will trap dirt particles. Photo: Arwen Curry / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To keep their watersheds from becoming sources of pollutants, authorities at Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes have efforts underway to prevent dirt from running into nearby rivers (Tahoe), and reduce the amount of fertilizer used on crops (Great Lakes).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center\" href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu\">University of California-Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center (TERC)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Tahoe Boat Inspections\" href=\"http://tahoeboatinspections.com/welcome-to-tahoe-boat-inspections/\">Tahoe Boat Inspections\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Go behind the scenes with the scientists working to keep Lake Tahoe pristine and protect it for generations to come.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457564813,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":1040},"headData":{"title":"Lake Tahoe: Can We Save It? | KQED","description":"Go behind the scenes with the scientists working to keep Lake Tahoe pristine and protect it for generations to come.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"60697 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=60697","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/10/14/lake-tahoe-can-we-save-it/","disqusTitle":"Lake Tahoe: Can We Save It?","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_cWUC__0Vg","path":"/quest/60697/lake-tahoe-can-we-save-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lake Tahoe’s famously blue waters – which make it the clearest lake of its size in the United States – attract three million visitors to California and Nevada each year. But decades of development, and now climate change, threaten this national treasure. This QUEST half-hour documentary takes you behind the scenes with the scientists working to keep the lake pristine and protect it for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lake Tahoe isn’t the only body of water that comes to mind when we think about America’s most treasured lakes. The Great Lakes, an interconnected set of five lakes which include lakes Erie, Superior, Huron, Michigan and Ontario, hold 18% of the water on the face of the Earth. Both Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes face environmental challenges, but are differently equipped to handle them because of their particular characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Similarities between Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Potable Water Sources\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62237\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tahoe-dam.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-62237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Tahoe-dam-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tahoe dam\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lake Tahoe delivers millions of gallons of water every day for residents and farmers along the Truckee River. The Tahoe dam was built in 1909. Photo: Arwen Curry / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both the Great Lakes and Lake Tahoe provide potable water to surrounding populations, though at very different scales. The Great Lakes deliver 43 billion gallons per day, hundreds of times more than Lake Tahoe. Lake Michigan alone provides drinking water to 12 million residents. Around three quarters of the water taken from the Great Lakes is used to cool down power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Climate Change Impacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62207\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62207\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors at Lake Tahoe's Sand Harbor.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Beach-scene-at-Lake-Tahoe-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Warmer temperatures are nice for visitors, like these at Lake Tahoe's Sand Harbor, in Nevada. But they could lead the lake to move away from its famous indigo blue and more towards green. Photo: Arwen Curry / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes are warming up, just like all lakes around the world. “We’ve had some summers where the surface temperature is very, very warm, compared to 20, 25 years ago,” said Brant Allen, of the University of California-Davis’ Tahoe Environmental Research Center. Although it’s nice for visitors, heat encourages the growth of microscopic algae that scatter the light off the lake’s surface and make it appear cloudy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up north, intense spring rains that washed fertilizer into Lake Erie, coupled with a warm summer, contributed to a 2011 algae bloom that covered the surface of the lake’s western basin with a bright green scum. “All of the factors that happened in 2011 are the types of factors that we expect to see more commonly in the future,” said Anna Michalak, a Great Lakes researcher at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Invasive Species\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/NPS_mussels_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-62212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/NPS_mussels_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Quagga mussels attached to pipes in Lake Mead\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quagga mussels clog pipes, like these in Nevada's Lake Mead. Authorities are working hard to keep the mussels out of Lake Tahoe. Photo: National Park Service.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Zebra mussels and quagga mussels have invaded the Great Lakes, damaging sport fisheries and clogging intake pipes with their hard shells, to the tune of $1 billion per year. The mussels have hitched rides out west on recreational boats. But so far they haven’t reached Lake Tahoe, and authorities there are fighting hard to keep them out by inspecting every boat before it goes into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first, I thought the public would be very resistant to the idea of paying fees for boat inspections,” said Geoff Schladow, director of the University of California-Davis’ Tahoe Environmental Research Center. “But the more people I talk to, they’re very accepting of the need for it.” Lake Tahoe is already dealing with \u003ca title=\"Information on Asian clams on UC Davis TERC's page\" href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu/research/aquaticinvasives.html\">the invasive Asian clam\u003c/a>, which produces algae mats that wash up on its beaches, and an aquatic plant called milfoil, which sticks to boats’ propellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Differences between Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Depth v. Width\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62228\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62228\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay.jpg\" alt=\"Eagle Falls over Emerald Bay\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/Eagle-Falls-over-Emerald-Bay-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The water pouring into Lake Tahoe doesn't carry many of the nutrients that algae feed on. This is one of the reasons why the lake is so clear. Eagle Falls flows into Emerald Bay, one of Lake Tahoe's most iconic spots on the California side of the lake. Photo: Gabriela Quirós / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is the eleventh \u003cem>deepest \u003c/em>lake in the world. Lake Erie is the tenth \u003cem>largest \u003c/em>lake in the world. At its deepest point, Lake Tahoe plunges to 1,645 feet – which makes it deeper than the Empire State building is tall. And this depth helps the lake stay clear, since its 39 trillion gallons of water are able to dilute the tiny dirt particles and nitrogen and phosphorus that threaten its transparency. By contrast, Lake Erie’s deepest point is only about 200 feet deep. With less water to dilute the nutrients that algae feed off, \u003ca title=\"Battling the Bloom: Lake Erie \" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/battling-the-bloom-lake-erie/\">Lake Erie is particularly vulnerable to algae blooms.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Watershed Size\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe is fortunate in that its watershed is small and the soil around it is relatively nutrient-poor. The 63 rivers that feed Lake Tahoe travel through an area about the size of the lake itself. Most lakes have watersheds many times bigger, which give tributaries more of a chance to pick up pollutants as they flow towards the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Farmers Fight Back Against Toxic Algal Blooms\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/farmers-fight-back-against-toxic-algal-blooms/\">Lake Erie has suffered from a steady flow of phosphorus from agriculture\u003c/a>, which has contributed to bad algae blooms. Corn is planted widely in the Plains – partly to produce ethanol for use as a biofuel – and requires a lot of fertilizer. “The national biofuels program is what’s pushing more corn production,” said Stanford scientist Anna Michalak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_62224\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-62224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home.jpg\" alt=\"Homeowners around Lake Tahoe are required to keep dirt from flowing into the lake.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/09/BMP-installation-at-Brad-Kohler-home-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homeowners around Lake Tahoe are required to keep dirt from flowing into the lake. Brad Kohler watches as workers install a channel and sediment trap at the bottom of his driveway in Tahoe City, California. When it rains, this mechanism will trap dirt particles. Photo: Arwen Curry / QUEST Northern California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To keep their watersheds from becoming sources of pollutants, authorities at Lake Tahoe and the Great Lakes have efforts underway to prevent dirt from running into nearby rivers (Tahoe), and reduce the amount of fertilizer used on crops (Great Lakes).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center\" href=\"http://terc.ucdavis.edu\">University of California-Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center (TERC)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Tahoe Boat Inspections\" href=\"http://tahoeboatinspections.com/welcome-to-tahoe-boat-inspections/\">Tahoe Boat Inspections\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/60697/lake-tahoe-can-we-save-it","authors":["6186"],"series":["quest_11767"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_6","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_438","quest_621","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1489","quest_3351","quest_10174","quest_12331","quest_12334","quest_12330","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_12333","quest_12335","quest_2893","quest_12332","quest_3022","quest_3071","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_62263","label":"quest_11767"},"quest_52708":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52708","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52708","score":null,"sort":[1375365653000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","title":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","publishDate":1375365653,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58310\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic trash is making its way into Lake Erie, where researchers have found a higher density of plastics than any other body of water. Credit: WCPN ideastream\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: WCPN ideastream\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Erin Huber, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://drinklocaldrinktap.org\">Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc\u003c/a>.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \"I want to say one word to you -- just one word.\u003cbr>\nAre you listening?\u003cbr>\n‘Plastics.’ \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. McGuire had it right in the 1967 movie \u003cstrong>The Graduate\u003c/strong>: plastics have made a splash. \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/1973.full\">Since 1980,\u003c/a>plastic production has gone up 500 percent to meet demand, but this boom has come at a steep environmental price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach. Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach.\u003cbr>Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years researchers and news agencies have been buzzing about the buildup of plastic debris in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sea.edu/plastics2010/images/Oceanus%20Plastic%20article%20Wilber%201987.pdf\">Atlantic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10patch.html?_r=1&\">Pacific Oceans\u003c/a>. The so-called \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is said to be twice the size of the state of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent studies show that salt water isn’t the only place with a plastic problem. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_solution/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a research-based advocacy group, studied plastic pollution in the Great Lakes, the largest bodies of fresh water in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There they found the highest concentration of plastics -- denser than in the oceans -- in Lake Erie. Similar \u003ca href=\"http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/245nm/program/view.php?obj_id=176594&terms=\">results\u003c/a> were found by University of Wisconsin-Superior chemist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsuper.edu/acaddept/naturalsciences/employees/lorena-rios-mendoza_employee1235219\">Dr. Lorena Rios-Mendoza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How did all of this plastic end up in Lake Erie?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trash from beaches, river banks, and neighborhood gutters makes its way into our waterways. Things like plastic cigar tips, food wrappers, toys, and disposable drink bottles get bumped around, blown, and washed off into the streets, through the sewers, and into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastics break down into tiny pieces while traveling through the waterways, but they don’t biodegrade. These tiny bits of\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57838\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup.Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup. Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>plastic, sometimes referred to as “toxic mermaid tears,” are found in Lake Erie at three times the density of anywhere else on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution also comes from pea-sized \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/nurdlepollution-2/\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the preproduction base for plastics products. They enter waterways during the plastic industry’s manufacturing and shipping processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another small particle that packs a big plastic punch comes from facial scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at 5 Gyre discovered tiny round balls in Lake Erie water samples that they say are a perfect match with the microbeads found in certain face washes. According to the research group, \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/posts/2013/04/16/do_plastic_micro_beads_from_facial_scrubbers_escape_sewage_treatment/\">water samples\u003c/a> from Lake Erie were loaded with these microbeads. They plan to publish their results this summer in the journal \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/\">Marine Pollution Bulletin\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>and are urging companies to phase out plastic microbead scrubbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does plastic in Lake Erie matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over time, plastics easily attract and hold hazardous \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/pop.html#pops\">persistent organic pollutants\u003c/a> (POPs). It’s been documented that marine animals eat these plastics, affecting their digestive systems and possibly causing malnutrition. Officials with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources say this summer they’re following up with surveys of plastic content in Lake Erie fish. If people eat fish that have consumed plastic particles, it’s likely that the plastic chemicals will end up in humans, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Lake Erie is a source of water for many cities, there’s also a concern that these plastics could leach chemicals into the water supply that may be harmful to humans. One chemical of concern is bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in many plastics and coatings and is a \u003ca href=\"http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=69\">known endocrine disrupter.\u003c/a> Not only can BPA and other chemicals leach into the contents of a container, such as bottled water, or person using a certain product, such as thermal receipt paper or BPA-lined food cans, but chemicals like BPA can also leach into the surrounding environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can be done?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The plastics in Lake Erie and elsewhere will not go away, but further pollution control is certainly possible. Right now remediation options are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pices.int/publications/presentations/PICES-2011/2011-W3/W3-1145-Baker.pdf\">generally unknown\u003c/a>, though some whimsical solutions have been proposed, such as \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/19-year-old-student-develops-ocean-cleanup-array-that-could-remove-7250000-tons-of-plastic-from-the-worlds-oceans/\">giant floating funnels\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/pacific-ocean-trash-cleans-up-nice-as-methods-new-soap-bottle/\">soap bottles\u003c/a> made of ocean trash. Many organizations, such as the United Nations, are aware of the need to remediate waters and protect them from additional plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Unilever and Johnson & Johnson have already begun to phase out microbeads because of pollution concerns and public pressure. In addition, some organizations, like \u003ca href=\"http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/learn/get-started/\">Plastic Pollution Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working on behavior change in the public and industry to reduce the use of all forms of plastics. Scientists and advocates alike are urging individuals to help diminish the demand by doing simple things like drinking local \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/ALmHd5CnlVA\">tap water\u003c/a> instead of buying bottled water, using reusable containers instead of disposables, and buying \u003ca href=\"http://plasticfreeseas.org/microbeads.html.\">microbead-free products.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to document and quantify the full extent and impacts of the plastics pollution in Lake Erie and other waterways, there’s already enough data to know that it’s time to rethink our relationship with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How the buildup of small plastic particles could add up to big problems for Lake Erie, and the human and aquatic communities that depend on it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375365656,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":842},"headData":{"title":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem | KQED","description":"How the buildup of small plastic particles could add up to big problems for Lake Erie, and the human and aquatic communities that depend on it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52708 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52708","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/01/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem/","disqusTitle":"Troubled Waters: Lake Erie's Plastic Problem","path":"/quest/52708/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-58310\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg\" alt=\"Plastic trash is making its way into Lake Erie, where researchers have found a higher density of plastics than any other body of water. Credit: WCPN ideastream\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/BeachTrash-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Credit: WCPN ideastream\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">Community Contributor |\u003c/span>\u003c/strong> Erin Huber, Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"http://drinklocaldrinktap.org\">Drink Local. Drink Tap., Inc\u003c/a>.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \"I want to say one word to you -- just one word.\u003cbr>\nAre you listening?\u003cbr>\n‘Plastics.’ \"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. McGuire had it right in the 1967 movie \u003cstrong>The Graduate\u003c/strong>: plastics have made a splash. \u003ca href=\"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/1973.full\">Since 1980,\u003c/a>plastic production has gone up 500 percent to meet demand, but this boom has come at a steep environmental price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach. Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Rainbow Runner, a fish commonly found on menus and fish markets around the country, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 microplastic bits found in its stomach.\u003cbr>Credit: Marcus Eriksen, 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In recent years researchers and news agencies have been buzzing about the buildup of plastic debris in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sea.edu/plastics2010/images/Oceanus%20Plastic%20article%20Wilber%201987.pdf\">Atlantic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10patch.html?_r=1&\">Pacific Oceans\u003c/a>. The so-called \u003ca href=\"http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a> is said to be twice the size of the state of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent studies show that salt water isn’t the only place with a plastic problem. Scientists from the \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/what_is_the_issue/the_solution/\">5 Gyres Institute\u003c/a>, a research-based advocacy group, studied plastic pollution in the Great Lakes, the largest bodies of fresh water in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There they found the highest concentration of plastics -- denser than in the oceans -- in Lake Erie. Similar \u003ca href=\"http://abstracts.acs.org/chem/245nm/program/view.php?obj_id=176594&terms=\">results\u003c/a> were found by University of Wisconsin-Superior chemist \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsuper.edu/acaddept/naturalsciences/employees/lorena-rios-mendoza_employee1235219\">Dr. Lorena Rios-Mendoza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How did all of this plastic end up in Lake Erie?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trash from beaches, river banks, and neighborhood gutters makes its way into our waterways. Things like plastic cigar tips, food wrappers, toys, and disposable drink bottles get bumped around, blown, and washed off into the streets, through the sewers, and into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastics break down into tiny pieces while traveling through the waterways, but they don’t biodegrade. These tiny bits of\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57838\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/microbeads0628-365x253.jpg\" alt=\"Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup.Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\" width=\"365\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face washes containing plastic microbead scrubbers could be contributing to Lake Erie's plastic soup. Credit: 5 Gyres Institute\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>plastic, sometimes referred to as “toxic mermaid tears,” are found in Lake Erie at three times the density of anywhere else on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic pollution also comes from pea-sized \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/nurdlepollution-2/\">nurdles\u003c/a>, the preproduction base for plastics products. They enter waterways during the plastic industry’s manufacturing and shipping processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another small particle that packs a big plastic punch comes from facial scrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at 5 Gyre discovered tiny round balls in Lake Erie water samples that they say are a perfect match with the microbeads found in certain face washes. According to the research group, \u003ca href=\"http://5gyres.org/posts/2013/04/16/do_plastic_micro_beads_from_facial_scrubbers_escape_sewage_treatment/\">water samples\u003c/a> from Lake Erie were loaded with these microbeads. They plan to publish their results this summer in the journal \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-pollution-bulletin/\">Marine Pollution Bulletin\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong>\u003cem> \u003c/em>and are urging companies to phase out plastic microbead scrubbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does plastic in Lake Erie matter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over time, plastics easily attract and hold hazardous \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/pop.html#pops\">persistent organic pollutants\u003c/a> (POPs). It’s been documented that marine animals eat these plastics, affecting their digestive systems and possibly causing malnutrition. Officials with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources say this summer they’re following up with surveys of plastic content in Lake Erie fish. If people eat fish that have consumed plastic particles, it’s likely that the plastic chemicals will end up in humans, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Lake Erie is a source of water for many cities, there’s also a concern that these plastics could leach chemicals into the water supply that may be harmful to humans. One chemical of concern is bisphenol A (BPA), which is found in many plastics and coatings and is a \u003ca href=\"http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=69\">known endocrine disrupter.\u003c/a> Not only can BPA and other chemicals leach into the contents of a container, such as bottled water, or person using a certain product, such as thermal receipt paper or BPA-lined food cans, but chemicals like BPA can also leach into the surrounding environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can be done?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The plastics in Lake Erie and elsewhere will not go away, but further pollution control is certainly possible. Right now remediation options are \u003ca href=\"http://www.pices.int/publications/presentations/PICES-2011/2011-W3/W3-1145-Baker.pdf\">generally unknown\u003c/a>, though some whimsical solutions have been proposed, such as \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/19-year-old-student-develops-ocean-cleanup-array-that-could-remove-7250000-tons-of-plastic-from-the-worlds-oceans/\">giant floating funnels\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://inhabitat.com/pacific-ocean-trash-cleans-up-nice-as-methods-new-soap-bottle/\">soap bottles\u003c/a> made of ocean trash. Many organizations, such as the United Nations, are aware of the need to remediate waters and protect them from additional plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Unilever and Johnson & Johnson have already begun to phase out microbeads because of pollution concerns and public pressure. In addition, some organizations, like \u003ca href=\"http://plasticpollutioncoalition.org/learn/get-started/\">Plastic Pollution Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working on behavior change in the public and industry to reduce the use of all forms of plastics. Scientists and advocates alike are urging individuals to help diminish the demand by doing simple things like drinking local \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/ALmHd5CnlVA\">tap water\u003c/a> instead of buying bottled water, using reusable containers instead of disposables, and buying \u003ca href=\"http://plasticfreeseas.org/microbeads.html.\">microbead-free products.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to document and quantify the full extent and impacts of the plastics pollution in Lake Erie and other waterways, there’s already enough data to know that it’s time to rethink our relationship with plastic.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52708/troubled-waters-lake-eries-plastic-problem","authors":["10469"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_12","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_12021","quest_12074","quest_10201","quest_10327","quest_12098","quest_10379","quest_2141","quest_12177","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_13365"],"featImg":"quest_58310","label":"quest"},"quest_52370":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_52370","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"52370","score":null,"sort":[1371049241000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"restoring-the-earths-kidneys","title":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" ","publishDate":1371049241,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56236\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56236\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of a wetland like a kidney. Just as kidneys filter blood in the body, wetlands filter pollutants out of waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an especially important task in some urban areas, where big storm events can overwhelm the sewers and cause an overflow into nearby creeks and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-in-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Eastern-United-States-1998-to-2004-News-Release.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres. But projects are underway to restore some of these wetlands, including one federally-funded effort in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST Ohio’s Anne Glausser reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"width: 300px;height: 24px;border: 0;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/audio.php?year=2013&program=wetland0515\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-56251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>TRANSCRIPT:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s planting day at Euclid Creek, near the Wildwood Marina in Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: What a beautiful day. POSIUS: I know, I know, we’re so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m with Claire Posius of the Cuyahoga Soil and Water Conservation District who spearheads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuyahogaswcd.org/euclidcreekfiles/ec_lacustrinerefuge.htm\">wetland restoration project\u003c/a> underway here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re standing at a ledge overlooking the creek and thinking about how best to get down there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize – too late – that I’m not wearing the right shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s a little treacherous getting down so I’m trying to figure out…so you don’t mind going through the creek? Or we can walk all the way around? GLAUSSER: No, let’s go through, I’m fine, I’ll…these shoes need to be washed a little anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Sound of wading through creek)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wade through a newly-restored creek bed near where the stream meets Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole area used to be an island, gnarled with invasive Japanese Knotweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It looked like a jungle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The island came about because of the nearby marina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its development in the 30s, they needed somewhere to put all the dredged earth—so they dumped it into the creek and surrounding wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This created flooding problems upstream, so in the 80s the Army Corps came in and made a relief channel for the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a quick fix that solved the flooding problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it just channeled the water directly into Lake Erie, and did nothing to restore the wetland and its wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, says Posius, they’ve bulldozed the island, restored the wetland, and returned the creek to its natural, meandering state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’re just, we’re recreating what was here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio was once almost 90% wetland, but now only patches remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife report, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s so rare that we find them now, that we haven’t developed on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem, says Posius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: They are like the kidney of our natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands filter pollutants from urban runoff, such as what comes from the pipe upstream from this creek mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: When we have these big storm events, the system becomes overburdened and then unfortunately our sanitary sewer and the stormwater combine in the same pipe and then come into the creeks and streams, unfortunately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now with the wetland restored, that natural filter is back in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands are also prime real-estate for biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: Why do fish like wetlands, and little puddles and crannies? POSIUS: Well there’s lots of habitat here. So before, the island was about 6’ above the water level so the fish couldn’t get up to the habitat. And what we’ve done also is remove all the invasive plants that’s crowded out all the natives and diversity, and we’re planting hundreds of different species that are native to wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they’ve attracted ducks, herons, creek chubs…even a toothy resident:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’ve got a beaver that’s the size of a yellow lab…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Euclid Creek is pretty unusual to get this kind of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetland restoration doesn’t come cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project was backed by the \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakesrestoration.us/\">Great Lakes Restoration Initiative\u003c/a>, a federal program that’s funded nearly a billion dollars in cleanup projects since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TITUS: Oh well, this one just crumbled. I don’t know how…(voice in the background: You can still plant it). Still plant it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Titus is a sophomore at Richmond Heights and has an armful of native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s one of thirty or so volunteers who have turned out on this sunny Saturday to help plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is Pasa Barnett, who lives nearby and came out with his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: We hadn’t been here probably in a year and we were just amazed at the transformation that had taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnett’s managed to keep his shoes pretty clean—unlike me—but his hands are definitely dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: It’s just, it’s nice to be a part of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Glausser, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcpn.org/\">90.3\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Urban development is impeding the ability of native wetlands to serve as natural filters, but efforts are underway in some places to reverse the damage.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1383336800,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/audio.php"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":888},"headData":{"title":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" | KQED","description":"Urban development is impeding the ability of native wetlands to serve as natural filters, but efforts are underway in some places to reverse the damage.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52370 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52370","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/12/restoring-the-earths-kidneys/","disqusTitle":"Restoring the Earth's \"Kidneys\" ","path":"/quest/52370/restoring-the-earths-kidneys","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdl>\n\u003cdd>\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56236\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56236\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/img_0389_cropped-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Titus, from Richmond Heights, Ohio, plants native grasses during an EPA-funded wetland restoration project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of a wetland like a kidney. Just as kidneys filter blood in the body, wetlands filter pollutants out of waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an especially important task in some urban areas, where big storm events can overwhelm the sewers and cause an overflow into nearby creeks and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Status-and-Trends-of-Wetlands-in-the-Coastal-Watersheds-of-the-Eastern-United-States-1998-to-2004-News-Release.pdf\">report\u003c/a>, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres. But projects are underway to restore some of these wetlands, including one federally-funded effort in Cleveland, Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST Ohio’s Anne Glausser reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"width: 300px;height: 24px;border: 0;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ideastream.org/common/embed/audio.php?year=2013&program=wetland0515\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-56251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/volunteer__l_2013-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers lend a hand to stabilize the streambank and restore Euclid Creek's damaged wetlands.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>TRANSCRIPT:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s planting day at Euclid Creek, near the Wildwood Marina in Cleveland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: What a beautiful day. POSIUS: I know, I know, we’re so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m with Claire Posius of the Cuyahoga Soil and Water Conservation District who spearheads the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cuyahogaswcd.org/euclidcreekfiles/ec_lacustrinerefuge.htm\">wetland restoration project\u003c/a> underway here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re standing at a ledge overlooking the creek and thinking about how best to get down there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize – too late – that I’m not wearing the right shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s a little treacherous getting down so I’m trying to figure out…so you don’t mind going through the creek? Or we can walk all the way around? GLAUSSER: No, let’s go through, I’m fine, I’ll…these shoes need to be washed a little anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Sound of wading through creek)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wade through a newly-restored creek bed near where the stream meets Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole area used to be an island, gnarled with invasive Japanese Knotweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It looked like a jungle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The island came about because of the nearby marina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During its development in the 30s, they needed somewhere to put all the dredged earth—so they dumped it into the creek and surrounding wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This created flooding problems upstream, so in the 80s the Army Corps came in and made a relief channel for the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a quick fix that solved the flooding problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it just channeled the water directly into Lake Erie, and did nothing to restore the wetland and its wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, says Posius, they’ve bulldozed the island, restored the wetland, and returned the creek to its natural, meandering state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’re just, we’re recreating what was here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio was once almost 90% wetland, but now only patches remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2009 Fish and Wildlife report, wetlands along eastern coastal areas, like the Great Lakes, are disappearing at a rapid clip, with yearly losses of nearly 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: It’s so rare that we find them now, that we haven’t developed on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem, says Posius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: They are like the kidney of our natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands filter pollutants from urban runoff, such as what comes from the pipe upstream from this creek mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: When we have these big storm events, the system becomes overburdened and then unfortunately our sanitary sewer and the stormwater combine in the same pipe and then come into the creeks and streams, unfortunately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now with the wetland restored, that natural filter is back in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetlands are also prime real-estate for biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GLAUSSER: Why do fish like wetlands, and little puddles and crannies? POSIUS: Well there’s lots of habitat here. So before, the island was about 6’ above the water level so the fish couldn’t get up to the habitat. And what we’ve done also is remove all the invasive plants that’s crowded out all the natives and diversity, and we’re planting hundreds of different species that are native to wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they’ve attracted ducks, herons, creek chubs…even a toothy resident:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>POSIUS: We’ve got a beaver that’s the size of a yellow lab…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Euclid Creek is pretty unusual to get this kind of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetland restoration doesn’t come cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project was backed by the \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakesrestoration.us/\">Great Lakes Restoration Initiative\u003c/a>, a federal program that’s funded nearly a billion dollars in cleanup projects since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TITUS: Oh well, this one just crumbled. I don’t know how…(voice in the background: You can still plant it). Still plant it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Titus is a sophomore at Richmond Heights and has an armful of native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s one of thirty or so volunteers who have turned out on this sunny Saturday to help plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is Pasa Barnett, who lives nearby and came out with his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: We hadn’t been here probably in a year and we were just amazed at the transformation that had taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnett’s managed to keep his shoes pretty clean—unlike me—but his hands are definitely dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BARNETT: It’s just, it’s nice to be a part of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anne Glausser, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wcpn.org/\">90.3\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52370/restoring-the-earths-kidneys","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12021","quest_12269","quest_10201","quest_1293","quest_12098","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_3293","quest_10429","quest_12097","quest_3140"],"featImg":"quest_56236","label":"quest"},"quest_26353":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26353","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26353","score":null,"sort":[1320179593000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","title":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","publishDate":1320179593,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/lsi_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26395\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26395\" title=\"lsi_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/lsi_poster-259x360.jpg\" alt='\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"' width=\"259\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten the balance of the entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the WVIZ/PBS program, \u003ca title=\"Attack of the Alien Invaders\" href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>, Dante Centuori, Director of Creative Productions at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Lakes Science Center\u003c/a> in Cleveland, Ohio, traveled in and around Lake Erie visiting with scientists and government officials who are investigating Lake Erie’s ecosystem, the challenges it has faced in the past, as well as those it may face in the future. Of particular interest was one of the biggest potential threats to the lake- a voracious invasive species collectively called “Asian carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bighead carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis\u003c/em>) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Silver carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix\u003c/em>) were first introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s as a chemical-free and “environmentally friendly” way of cleaning up algae in southern fish farms and water treatment plants. During the Mississippi River floods of the early 1990s, these fish escaped into “The Big River” and its tributaries. Since then, these big, hungry, and prolific fish have made their way north all the way up to the back door of the Great Lakes. If they enter the Great Lakes, it is feared that these fish will continue on to Lake Erie where they could further disrupt the Great Lakes’ most productive ecosystem, with unknown long-term consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/dante_hageman/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26419\" title=\"dante_hageman\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dante_hageman-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dante and John Hageman\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hageman from Ohio State's Stone Laboratory shows Dante Centuori an invasive Silver Carp.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dante first visited \u003ca href=\"http://stonelab.osu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a>, a research facility located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. There, he met John Hageman who displayed, and dissected a Silver carp; revealing an anatomical structure that makes these fish particularly threatening to the food energy balance so important to Lake Erie’s native inhabitants. Dante then accompanied another Stone Lab researcher on a good old fashioned Lake Erie “fish trawl” where he came across many of the lake’s native and invasive species-- such as the omnipresent \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_invasive_zebramussel&title=Invasive%20Invertebrates0&menu=research_invasive_invertebrates\" target=\"_blank\">zebra mussel\u003c/a> and the abundant \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=95\" target=\"_blank\">quagga mussel\u003c/a>, two detrimental invasives brought in to the Great Lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dante continued on to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/ExperienceWildlifeSubHomePage/where_to_viewwildlifelandingpage/OldWomanCreekDefault/tabid/15312/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Old Woman Creek\u003c/a>, a national research center and fresh water estuary in nearby Huron, Ohio, where he encountered some frisky \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/commoncarp/tabid/6589/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>common\u003c/em> carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Cyprinus carpio\u003c/em>) whose behavior may help scientists predict what may happen to Ohio’s interior rivers and streams, if their distant relatives from the east choose to join them. Next, he returned to Stone Lab to investigate how the Bighead and Silver carp have influenced and impacted the native species of the Mississippi and Illinois River ecosystems. He next traveled to Lake Erie’s Central Basin- to Cleveland, Ohio for a rendezvous with a federal employee who explained how Asian carp are being monitored and controlled in one of the most probable points of entry into the Great Lakes, Chicago’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal\" target=\"_blank\">Shipping and Sanitary Canal\u003c/a> at the southern end of Lake Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Dante returned to Put-In-Bay where he talked with Jeff Tyson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiodnr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, who described the management techniques used to control one of the harmful invasive species in Lake Erie; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_lamprey&title=...nu=research_invasive_fish\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Lamprey\u003c/a>. Could techniques similar to those used to control the Lamprey be applied in the event of an Asian carp invasion? What other plans are in place if these strange and dangerous \"jumping fish\" make it to Lake Erie? If they do, and these strategies don’t work, what’s next? Even though each expert interviewed had his or her own theory, in the end, they all agreed that it is not a scenario that they’d want to see play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was broadcasted to a general audience in January of 2011, WVIZ Education produced “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wviz.org/lsi\" target=\"_blank\">LSI: Life Science Investigation\u003c/a>,” a multi-media resource created for the classroom. Scott Barber, a teacher in Berea, Ohio, explained how this “fish story,” presented as an interactive mystery, and accompanying classroom resources on the web, has helped his students learn core life science concepts.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366755318,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":760},"headData":{"title":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie | KQED","description":"Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26353 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=news_articles&p=26353","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/","disqusTitle":"Asian Carp, an \"Alien\" Threat to Lake Erie ","path":"/quest/26353/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/lsi_poster/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26395\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26395\" title=\"lsi_poster\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/lsi_poster-259x360.jpg\" alt='\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"' width=\"259\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Attack of the Alien Invaders,\" produced by WVIZ/PBS, was first created as an educational series called \"LSI: Life Science Investigation.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Erie is considered to be the most productive of all five of the Great Lakes.Within its waters are diverse and interdependent plants and animals that make up an intricate web of life. Mostly due to human carelessness, the lake has become home to an increasing number of non-native plants, animals, and micro-organisms which threaten the balance of the entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the WVIZ/PBS program, \u003ca title=\"Attack of the Alien Invaders\" href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>, Dante Centuori, Director of Creative Productions at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Great Lakes Science Center\u003c/a> in Cleveland, Ohio, traveled in and around Lake Erie visiting with scientists and government officials who are investigating Lake Erie’s ecosystem, the challenges it has faced in the past, as well as those it may face in the future. Of particular interest was one of the biggest potential threats to the lake- a voracious invasive species collectively called “Asian carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bighead carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis\u003c/em>) and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/asiancarp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Silver carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix\u003c/em>) were first introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s as a chemical-free and “environmentally friendly” way of cleaning up algae in southern fish farms and water treatment plants. During the Mississippi River floods of the early 1990s, these fish escaped into “The Big River” and its tributaries. Since then, these big, hungry, and prolific fish have made their way north all the way up to the back door of the Great Lakes. If they enter the Great Lakes, it is feared that these fish will continue on to Lake Erie where they could further disrupt the Great Lakes’ most productive ecosystem, with unknown long-term consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie/dante_hageman/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-26419\" title=\"dante_hageman\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/10/dante_hageman-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Dante and John Hageman\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Hageman from Ohio State's Stone Laboratory shows Dante Centuori an invasive Silver Carp.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dante first visited \u003ca href=\"http://stonelab.osu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stone Laboratory\u003c/a>, a research facility located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. There, he met John Hageman who displayed, and dissected a Silver carp; revealing an anatomical structure that makes these fish particularly threatening to the food energy balance so important to Lake Erie’s native inhabitants. Dante then accompanied another Stone Lab researcher on a good old fashioned Lake Erie “fish trawl” where he came across many of the lake’s native and invasive species-- such as the omnipresent \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_invasive_zebramussel&title=Invasive%20Invertebrates0&menu=research_invasive_invertebrates\" target=\"_blank\">zebra mussel\u003c/a> and the abundant \u003ca href=\"http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=95\" target=\"_blank\">quagga mussel\u003c/a>, two detrimental invasives brought in to the Great Lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dante continued on to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/ExperienceWildlifeSubHomePage/where_to_viewwildlifelandingpage/OldWomanCreekDefault/tabid/15312/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Old Woman Creek\u003c/a>, a national research center and fresh water estuary in nearby Huron, Ohio, where he encountered some frisky \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/commoncarp/tabid/6589/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>common\u003c/em> carp\u003c/a> (\u003cem>Cyprinus carpio\u003c/em>) whose behavior may help scientists predict what may happen to Ohio’s interior rivers and streams, if their distant relatives from the east choose to join them. Next, he returned to Stone Lab to investigate how the Bighead and Silver carp have influenced and impacted the native species of the Mississippi and Illinois River ecosystems. He next traveled to Lake Erie’s Central Basin- to Cleveland, Ohio for a rendezvous with a federal employee who explained how Asian carp are being monitored and controlled in one of the most probable points of entry into the Great Lakes, Chicago’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal\" target=\"_blank\">Shipping and Sanitary Canal\u003c/a> at the southern end of Lake Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Dante returned to Put-In-Bay where he talked with Jeff Tyson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiodnr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Ohio Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>, who described the management techniques used to control one of the harmful invasive species in Lake Erie; the \u003ca href=\"http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/main.php?content=research_lamprey&title=...nu=research_invasive_fish\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Lamprey\u003c/a>. Could techniques similar to those used to control the Lamprey be applied in the event of an Asian carp invasion? What other plans are in place if these strange and dangerous \"jumping fish\" make it to Lake Erie? If they do, and these strategies don’t work, what’s next? Even though each expert interviewed had his or her own theory, in the end, they all agreed that it is not a scenario that they’d want to see play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/programs/attack\" target=\"_blank\">Attack of the Alien Invaders\u003c/a>\u003c/em> was broadcasted to a general audience in January of 2011, WVIZ Education produced “\u003ca href=\"http://www.wviz.org/lsi\" target=\"_blank\">LSI: Life Science Investigation\u003c/a>,” a multi-media resource created for the classroom. Scott Barber, a teacher in Berea, Ohio, explained how this “fish story,” presented as an interactive mystery, and accompanying classroom resources on the web, has helped his students learn core life science concepts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26353/asian-carp-an-alien-threat-to-lake-erie","authors":["10264"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_10378","quest_10336","quest_10201","quest_1489","quest_10380","quest_10379","quest_3293","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_26613","label":"quest"},"quest_24916":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_24916","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"24916","score":null,"sort":[1320172619000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes","title":"Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes","publishDate":1320172619,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>“You’re taking your life in your own hands if you go waterskiing on some parts of the Illinois River,” observes aquatic invasive species expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">Phil Moy\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">University of Wisconsin Sea Grant\u003c/a>. He’s talking about the Silver Asian Carp that have infiltrated much of the Mississippi River System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat to life and limb comes from the carp leaping out of the water when startled by loud noise, like the roar of an engine. It’s changed life and culture in communities along the Illinois River south of Peoria. Bath, Illinois, hosts an annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.redneckfishingtournament.net/\">Redneck Fishing Tournament\u003c/a> where fisherman compete for the largest haul of Silver Carp either by catching them mid-air with a net or just letting them flop into the boat. The most recent competition netted nearly nine thousand of the invasive fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in the river have been much more dramatic, and destructive, for native species. The Silver carp and the related Bighead carp are crowding out more desirable fish. “They are quite prolific and they can compete directly with other fish that eat the plant plankton or animal plankton. And animal plankton forms the first food for essentially every sport fish species,” says Moy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That voracious appetite for plankton is the reason Asian carp were first imported to the United States. Commercial catfish farmers in the South employed them to keep their ponds clean and clear. But flooding allowed the fish entry into the Mississippi ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-24927\" title=\"Asian_Carp_300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"asian carp\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>As carp populations have expanded northward, the fish have gotten closer and closer to Lake Michigan. If they become established in the Great Lakes, they have the potential to wipe out a seven billion dollar fishery. “The commercial fishery regularly refers to itself as the largest fresh water fishery in the world” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakeswaterwars.com/about.htm\">Peter Annin\u003c/a>, author of \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakeswaterwars.com/\">The Great Lakes Water Wars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the toothpaste is outside the tube, it's really hard to put it back in. And so, there's a lot of effort, energy going into preventing these Asian carp from ever entering the Great Lakes,” says Annin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most direct route for the carp to reach Lake Michigan is through the Chicago Sanitary and Shipping Canal which connects to the Des Plaines River which flows into the Illinois. The canal is a man-made link between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems constructed over one hundred years ago. It was a way for Chicago to flush its sewage away from Lake Michigan, the source of its drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create a chokepoint to prevent the fish from getting any closer, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/\">US Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> has maintained an electric barrier on the canal. “Like a cattle fence that keeps those fish from moving to the next basin,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/fieldstations/ltrm/kevin.html\">Kevin Irons\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/Pages/default.aspx\">Illinois Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier works by sending electrical waves into the water that repel fish. While it has been proven effective on test fish with transmitters, evidence of Asian carp upstream of the barrier has raised questions and a call to close the canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years, environmentalists have called for the closure of the Chicago artificial connection,” says Annin. “They were kind of laughed away. The laughter has subsided somewhat in recent years because of the threat of the Asian carp knocking on the door of the Great Lakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The invasive Asian carp has wreaked havoc in the Mississippi River system. The voracious plankton eaters have out-competed native fish and have become the dominant species in many locations. If the carp reach the Great Lakes, they pose a threat to its $7 billion fishery, so a battle against them is taking place on many fronts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457639345,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":593},"headData":{"title":"Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes | KQED","description":"The invasive Asian carp has wreaked havoc in the Mississippi River system. The voracious plankton eaters have out-competed native fish and have become the dominant species in many locations. If the carp reach the Great Lakes, they pose a threat to its $7 billion fishery, so a battle against them is taking place on many fronts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"24916 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=24916","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes/","disqusTitle":"Asian Carp: Threat to Great Lakes","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9fgqA8kpYA","path":"/quest/24916/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“You’re taking your life in your own hands if you go waterskiing on some parts of the Illinois River,” observes aquatic invasive species expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">Phil Moy\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=538\">University of Wisconsin Sea Grant\u003c/a>. He’s talking about the Silver Asian Carp that have infiltrated much of the Mississippi River System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat to life and limb comes from the carp leaping out of the water when startled by loud noise, like the roar of an engine. It’s changed life and culture in communities along the Illinois River south of Peoria. Bath, Illinois, hosts an annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.redneckfishingtournament.net/\">Redneck Fishing Tournament\u003c/a> where fisherman compete for the largest haul of Silver Carp either by catching them mid-air with a net or just letting them flop into the boat. The most recent competition netted nearly nine thousand of the invasive fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in the river have been much more dramatic, and destructive, for native species. The Silver carp and the related Bighead carp are crowding out more desirable fish. “They are quite prolific and they can compete directly with other fish that eat the plant plankton or animal plankton. And animal plankton forms the first food for essentially every sport fish species,” says Moy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That voracious appetite for plankton is the reason Asian carp were first imported to the United States. Commercial catfish farmers in the South employed them to keep their ponds clean and clear. But flooding allowed the fish entry into the Mississippi ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-24927\" title=\"Asian_Carp_300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/Asian_Carp_300-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"asian carp\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>As carp populations have expanded northward, the fish have gotten closer and closer to Lake Michigan. If they become established in the Great Lakes, they have the potential to wipe out a seven billion dollar fishery. “The commercial fishery regularly refers to itself as the largest fresh water fishery in the world” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatlakeswaterwars.com/about.htm\">Peter Annin\u003c/a>, author of \u003ca href=\"http://greatlakeswaterwars.com/\">The Great Lakes Water Wars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the toothpaste is outside the tube, it's really hard to put it back in. And so, there's a lot of effort, energy going into preventing these Asian carp from ever entering the Great Lakes,” says Annin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most direct route for the carp to reach Lake Michigan is through the Chicago Sanitary and Shipping Canal which connects to the Des Plaines River which flows into the Illinois. The canal is a man-made link between the Mississippi and Great Lakes water systems constructed over one hundred years ago. It was a way for Chicago to flush its sewage away from Lake Michigan, the source of its drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create a chokepoint to prevent the fish from getting any closer, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/\">US Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> has maintained an electric barrier on the canal. “Like a cattle fence that keeps those fish from moving to the next basin,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/fieldstations/ltrm/kevin.html\">Kevin Irons\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/Pages/default.aspx\">Illinois Department of Natural Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barrier works by sending electrical waves into the water that repel fish. While it has been proven effective on test fish with transmitters, evidence of Asian carp upstream of the barrier has raised questions and a call to close the canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years, environmentalists have called for the closure of the Chicago artificial connection,” says Annin. “They were kind of laughed away. The laughter has subsided somewhat in recent years because of the threat of the Asian carp knocking on the door of the Great Lakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/24916/asian-carp-threat-to-great-lakes","authors":["10275"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_10200","quest_326","quest_10202","quest_10203","quest_10201","quest_1489","quest_12355","quest_2893"],"featImg":"quest_24922","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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