Science Spotlight: How Your Smartphone Knows Where You Are
3-D Mapping Your World with a Backpack
Producer's Notes: Driverless Cars
Celestial Navigation: Finding Your Way in the Dark
Reporter's Notes: High Tech in the Vineyards
Reporter's Notes: Dialing in on Traffic
Musings on Communication and Technology
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It’s called the Global Positioning System, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.gps.gov/\">GPS\u003c/a>. GPS is comprised of a constellation of satellites orbiting Earth, broadcasting atomically-accurate time down to your smartphone, allowing it to calculate your ever-changing location, even when you’re on the move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GPS receiver in your smartphone uses trilateration -- a more complex version of triangulation -- to determine its position on Earth. In drawings, trilateration is often illustrated in 2-D using circles. But since GPS deals with satellites and Earth in the real 3-D world, spheres are a better representation of what's actually happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Story of GPS\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGPS actually begins with the basic human desire to know where we are and where we're going. For centuries, travelers had to rely on the sun, the stars or fixed landmarks to navigate from point A to point B. This crude method worked, but was prone to frequent error. Over long journeys at sea, ships could veer off course, sometimes arriving hundreds of miles from their destination, or worse, shipwrecking and not arriving at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97285\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-97285 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-400x328.jpg\" alt=\"A replica of Sputnik 1 at the U.S. National Air and Space Museum\" width=\"400\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-400x328.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-800x655.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-960x786.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm.jpg 1094w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A replica of Sputnik 1 at the U.S. National Air and Space Museum \u003ccite>(U.S. Air Force)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navigation methods continued to improve with time, but it was not until the fateful night of October 4, 1957 that a man-made endeavor would usher in the most accurate navigation tool to date. On that date, the Soviet Union launched \u003ci>Sputnik\u003c/i>, the\u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sputnik-launched\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sputnik-launched\">first satellite to orbit Earth\u003c/a>. \u003ci>Sputnik\u003c/i> was equipped with a radio transmitter, allowing it to broadcast a signal to almost anywhere on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in the United States used \u003ci>Sputnik’s\u003c/i> broadcasted signal to determine its precise orbit. If scientists could calculate a satellite’s orbit in space from a known location on the ground, then they could do the reverse -- if they knew a satellite's precise orbit they could calculate a specific location on the ground, which is the basic principle of GPS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1978, the United States launched its first operational GPS satellite and by 1993, 24 GPS satellites were orbiting Earth, completing the NAVSTAR GPS constellation. Each satellite weighs around 1,900 pounds -- the size of a large automobile -- and orbits the earth every 12 hours in a formation that ensures every location will be in direct radio contact with at least four satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97309\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-97309 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001-400x354.jpg\" alt=\"The Global Positioning System IIF satellite, developed and built by Boeing, is the next generation of GPS satellite. \" width=\"400\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001-400x354.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001.jpg 576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Global Positioning System IIF satellite, developed and built by Boeing, is the next generation of GPS satellite. \u003ccite>(U.S. Air Force graphic)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, GPS is still operated and maintained by the United States. As of October 31, 2015, there are 31 GPS satellites orbiting the Earth. Millions of people around the world use the technology, whether it be the military trying to locate troops during the war or a high school student trying to get across town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do you most often use GPS on your phone? Is there something else you want to know about GPS? Let us know in the comments below or tweet us @KQEDedspace.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn how GPS works and how it was created.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471475842,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":541},"headData":{"title":"Science Spotlight: How Your Smartphone Knows Where You Are | KQED","description":"Learn how GPS works and how it was created.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"97280 http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?p=97280","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/11/16/how-your-smartphone-knows-where-you-are/","disqusTitle":"Science Spotlight: How Your Smartphone Knows Where You Are","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/VMeKmh3zjzc","path":"/quest/97280/how-your-smartphone-knows-where-you-are","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Quantum physics, Einstein’s theory of relativity and atomic clocks that are accurate to one billionth of a second -- all of these are crucial in allowing your smartphone to pinpoint your precise location almost anywhere on Earth. It’s called the Global Positioning System, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.gps.gov/\">GPS\u003c/a>. GPS is comprised of a constellation of satellites orbiting Earth, broadcasting atomically-accurate time down to your smartphone, allowing it to calculate your ever-changing location, even when you’re on the move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GPS receiver in your smartphone uses trilateration -- a more complex version of triangulation -- to determine its position on Earth. In drawings, trilateration is often illustrated in 2-D using circles. But since GPS deals with satellites and Earth in the real 3-D world, spheres are a better representation of what's actually happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Story of GPS\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGPS actually begins with the basic human desire to know where we are and where we're going. For centuries, travelers had to rely on the sun, the stars or fixed landmarks to navigate from point A to point B. This crude method worked, but was prone to frequent error. Over long journeys at sea, ships could veer off course, sometimes arriving hundreds of miles from their destination, or worse, shipwrecking and not arriving at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97285\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-97285 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-400x328.jpg\" alt=\"A replica of Sputnik 1 at the U.S. National Air and Space Museum\" width=\"400\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-400x328.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-800x655.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm-960x786.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Sputnik_asm.jpg 1094w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A replica of Sputnik 1 at the U.S. National Air and Space Museum \u003ccite>(U.S. Air Force)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navigation methods continued to improve with time, but it was not until the fateful night of October 4, 1957 that a man-made endeavor would usher in the most accurate navigation tool to date. On that date, the Soviet Union launched \u003ci>Sputnik\u003c/i>, the\u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sputnik-launched\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sputnik-launched\">first satellite to orbit Earth\u003c/a>. \u003ci>Sputnik\u003c/i> was equipped with a radio transmitter, allowing it to broadcast a signal to almost anywhere on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in the United States used \u003ci>Sputnik’s\u003c/i> broadcasted signal to determine its precise orbit. If scientists could calculate a satellite’s orbit in space from a known location on the ground, then they could do the reverse -- if they knew a satellite's precise orbit they could calculate a specific location on the ground, which is the basic principle of GPS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1978, the United States launched its first operational GPS satellite and by 1993, 24 GPS satellites were orbiting Earth, completing the NAVSTAR GPS constellation. Each satellite weighs around 1,900 pounds -- the size of a large automobile -- and orbits the earth every 12 hours in a formation that ensures every location will be in direct radio contact with at least four satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97309\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-97309 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001-400x354.jpg\" alt=\"The Global Positioning System IIF satellite, developed and built by Boeing, is the next generation of GPS satellite. \" width=\"400\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001-400x354.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/110726-F-GB484-001.jpg 576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Global Positioning System IIF satellite, developed and built by Boeing, is the next generation of GPS satellite. \u003ccite>(U.S. Air Force graphic)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, GPS is still operated and maintained by the United States. As of October 31, 2015, there are 31 GPS satellites orbiting the Earth. Millions of people around the world use the technology, whether it be the military trying to locate troops during the war or a high school student trying to get across town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How do you most often use GPS on your phone? Is there something else you want to know about GPS? Let us know in the comments below or tweet us @KQEDedspace.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/97280/how-your-smartphone-knows-where-you-are","authors":["10621"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_13187","quest_13418","quest_1242","quest_1249","quest_2511","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_13424"],"featImg":"quest_97699","label":"quest_13424"},"quest_91989":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_91989","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"91989","score":null,"sort":[1446159229000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"3-d-mapping-your-world-with-a-backpack","title":"3-D Mapping Your World with a Backpack","publishDate":1446159229,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13424,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Article written by \u003ca href=\"http://about.me/lisa_krieger\">Lisa M. Krieger\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital 3-D renderings of Earth are the backdrop for everything from computer games like \"Grand Theft Auto\" and Hollywood films like \"Enemy of the State\" to mortal combat simulation in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new technology permits astonishingly precise measurements of buildings, roads, waterways, coastlines and even vegetation, right down to individual plants. Its attention to detail is so accurate that thousands of tiny windows on skyscrapers seem to show \"reflections\" and the bricks holding the Statute of Liberty show detailed textures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/zakhor.html\">Avideh Zakhor, a UC Berkeley professor of electrical engineering\u003c/a>, is the brains behind these realistic visualizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it 'reality capture,' \" she said. \"You're trying to capture what's out there in the real world...and create a representation of that so others can feel they're in that same space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Avideh Zakhor has been at the forefront of 3-D mapping interior spaces, which, until recently, as proven to be very difficult.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Avideh Zakhor has been at the forefront of 3-D mapping interior spaces, which, until recently, has proven to be very difficult.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To test her technology, Zakhor had a novel idea. \"Why not put all these sensors on top of a truck, drive around, acquire all the signals, images and videos and laser scans and make 3-D models of the real world of everything that is outside?\" she wondered. So her team's sensor-equipped car drove the streets of Berkeley, creating a 3-D model of the city. Her technology \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was licensed by Google in 2007 to help produce its 3-D \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/earth/\">Google Earth\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now anyone can navigate through lifelike \"virtual\" settings - prowling Parisian parks, exploring ruins in Cambodian jungles or fighting zombies in alien landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's a big problem in this approach to imaging: it only works outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92041\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A constellation of over 24 satellites that orbit the earth provide location information for the Global Positioning System (GPS)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A constellation of over 24 satellites that orbit the earth provide location information for the Global Positioning System (GPS) \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It uses GPS, which relies on a series of satellites to identify where it's physically located - and satellite signals are carried through waves at a frequency that doesn't pass through solid objects like walls. That's why, when you use a GPS inside a building, the device can't pinpoint your location accurately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other ways to image interiors, like using laser devices that measure distances across walls and then assembles them. But those take time - 30 to 40 minutes for a small room, said Zakhor. \"A whole building could take a week to scan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zakhor had a different idea. She created a portable, laser backpack for 3-D mapping that creates fast, automatic and realistic inside images. It collects thousands of data points, then stitches them together with the system's custom-built software, using fancy mathematical algorithms, into a 3-D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 30-pound backpack are high-tech laser cameras and scanners, which collect all of the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a way of documenting a building in a very fast way,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92047\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92047\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The 3-D mapping backpack is lightweight and customizable. Depending on the sensors you attatch, Y-you can map a map a building, measure heat loss from a room, or even monitor oxygen levels\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 3-D mapping backpack is lightweight and customizable. Depending on the sensors you attach, you can map a building, measure heat loss from a room, or even monitor oxygen levels \u003ccite>(Derek Lartaud)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She was stymied by how to identify the position of the backpack indoors - an essential part of image localization. They ended up relying on a technique used in robotics, called SLAM (for \"simultaneous localization and mapping\".) A combination of good sensors and good algorithms, it can find the backpack, construct a map and then build the 3-D models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Localizing the backpack - that took awhile,\" she said. \"We had to try many different things. You tried one thing doesn't work, what if you try that other thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also had to tweak the backpack so it wasn’t so big and bulky, removing some components.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she dreams of many different ways her stripped-down 3-D backpack could be used. It could help during construction, for instance, if a plumber sees that an electrician's wires are in the way of his pipes. It could be used in commercial real estate sales - agents could explore a property without actually visiting it. If the backpack has an energy sensor, it could measure everything emitted by lights. It could create drawings of ancient buildings that no longer have blueprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, companies like Google are putting simplified, consumer-grade versions of the backpack's 3-D mapping algorithm into phones, allowing users to create 3-D maps of rooms and other interior environments. It doesn't have the customizability or the accuracy of the backpack, but it's still an impressive feat to have that 3-D mapping power in your mobile phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zakhor is particularly excited by the backpack's potential to save lives during fires or earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First responders can figure out, when they get to a site, their plan of attack in terms of rescuing people,\" she said. \"It allows you to do much more methodical planning of how you send your people inside a collapsed building to rescue people...which staircases are connected to floors, where all the sprinklers are, or where the emergency exits are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someday it could test the health of our interior spaces, if loaded with air-quality sensors that measure things like atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide, air temperature and particulate levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The beauty of the backpack,\" she said, \"is that, as I'm walking through, I collect as many signals as I possibly can.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hyper-realistic video games are made using a technique called 3-D mapping. In the real world, 3-D mapping the indoors is much more difficult than 3-D mapping the outdoors. The solution? A 3-D mapping backpack.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1471475429,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":902},"headData":{"title":"3-D Mapping Your World with a Backpack | KQED","description":"Hyper-realistic video games are made using a technique called 3-D mapping. In the real world, 3-D mapping the indoors is much more difficult than 3-D mapping the outdoors. The solution? A 3-D mapping backpack.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"91989 http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/?p=91989","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/29/3-d-mapping-your-world-with-a-backpack/","disqusTitle":"3-D Mapping Your World with a Backpack","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/rvxmFaIN0Ug","path":"/quest/91989/3-d-mapping-your-world-with-a-backpack","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Article written by \u003ca href=\"http://about.me/lisa_krieger\">Lisa M. Krieger\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital 3-D renderings of Earth are the backdrop for everything from computer games like \"Grand Theft Auto\" and Hollywood films like \"Enemy of the State\" to mortal combat simulation in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new technology permits astonishingly precise measurements of buildings, roads, waterways, coastlines and even vegetation, right down to individual plants. Its attention to detail is so accurate that thousands of tiny windows on skyscrapers seem to show \"reflections\" and the bricks holding the Statute of Liberty show detailed textures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/zakhor.html\">Avideh Zakhor, a UC Berkeley professor of electrical engineering\u003c/a>, is the brains behind these realistic visualizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it 'reality capture,' \" she said. \"You're trying to capture what's out there in the real world...and create a representation of that so others can feel they're in that same space.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Avideh Zakhor has been at the forefront of 3-D mapping interior spaces, which, until recently, as proven to be very difficult.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/ZakhorStill_3-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Avideh Zakhor has been at the forefront of 3-D mapping interior spaces, which, until recently, has proven to be very difficult.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To test her technology, Zakhor had a novel idea. \"Why not put all these sensors on top of a truck, drive around, acquire all the signals, images and videos and laser scans and make 3-D models of the real world of everything that is outside?\" she wondered. So her team's sensor-equipped car drove the streets of Berkeley, creating a 3-D model of the city. Her technology \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was licensed by Google in 2007 to help produce its 3-D \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/earth/\">Google Earth\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now anyone can navigate through lifelike \"virtual\" settings - prowling Parisian parks, exploring ruins in Cambodian jungles or fighting zombies in alien landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's a big problem in this approach to imaging: it only works outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92041\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A constellation of over 24 satellites that orbit the earth provide location information for the Global Positioning System (GPS)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Satellites-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A constellation of over 24 satellites that orbit the earth provide location information for the Global Positioning System (GPS) \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It uses GPS, which relies on a series of satellites to identify where it's physically located - and satellite signals are carried through waves at a frequency that doesn't pass through solid objects like walls. That's why, when you use a GPS inside a building, the device can't pinpoint your location accurately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other ways to image interiors, like using laser devices that measure distances across walls and then assembles them. But those take time - 30 to 40 minutes for a small room, said Zakhor. \"A whole building could take a week to scan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zakhor had a different idea. She created a portable, laser backpack for 3-D mapping that creates fast, automatic and realistic inside images. It collects thousands of data points, then stitches them together with the system's custom-built software, using fancy mathematical algorithms, into a 3-D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 30-pound backpack are high-tech laser cameras and scanners, which collect all of the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a way of documenting a building in a very fast way,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_92047\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-92047\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The 3-D mapping backpack is lightweight and customizable. Depending on the sensors you attatch, Y-you can map a map a building, measure heat loss from a room, or even monitor oxygen levels\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/StandingBackpack-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 3-D mapping backpack is lightweight and customizable. Depending on the sensors you attach, you can map a building, measure heat loss from a room, or even monitor oxygen levels \u003ccite>(Derek Lartaud)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She was stymied by how to identify the position of the backpack indoors - an essential part of image localization. They ended up relying on a technique used in robotics, called SLAM (for \"simultaneous localization and mapping\".) A combination of good sensors and good algorithms, it can find the backpack, construct a map and then build the 3-D models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Localizing the backpack - that took awhile,\" she said. \"We had to try many different things. You tried one thing doesn't work, what if you try that other thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also had to tweak the backpack so it wasn’t so big and bulky, removing some components.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she dreams of many different ways her stripped-down 3-D backpack could be used. It could help during construction, for instance, if a plumber sees that an electrician's wires are in the way of his pipes. It could be used in commercial real estate sales - agents could explore a property without actually visiting it. If the backpack has an energy sensor, it could measure everything emitted by lights. It could create drawings of ancient buildings that no longer have blueprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, companies like Google are putting simplified, consumer-grade versions of the backpack's 3-D mapping algorithm into phones, allowing users to create 3-D maps of rooms and other interior environments. It doesn't have the customizability or the accuracy of the backpack, but it's still an impressive feat to have that 3-D mapping power in your mobile phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zakhor is particularly excited by the backpack's potential to save lives during fires or earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First responders can figure out, when they get to a site, their plan of attack in terms of rescuing people,\" she said. \"It allows you to do much more methodical planning of how you send your people inside a collapsed building to rescue people...which staircases are connected to floors, where all the sprinklers are, or where the emergency exits are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someday it could test the health of our interior spaces, if loaded with air-quality sensors that measure things like atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide, air temperature and particulate levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The beauty of the backpack,\" she said, \"is that, as I'm walking through, I collect as many signals as I possibly can.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/91989/3-d-mapping-your-world-with-a-backpack","authors":["10621"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_13410","quest_13411","quest_13413","quest_13152","quest_1240","quest_1249","quest_13415","quest_3021","quest_3071","quest_3072","quest_13412","quest_13414"],"collections":["quest_13424"],"featImg":"quest_92011","label":"quest_13424"},"quest_8011":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_8011","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"8011","score":null,"sort":[1283908745000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"producers-notes-driverless-cars","title":"Producer's Notes: Driverless Cars","publishDate":1283908745,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Producer’s Notes: Driverless Cars | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-driverless-cars\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/WS107_driverless_cars300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nThree years ago, I met a very unusual Volkswagen Passat at Stanford University. Junior, as they call it, is an autonomous vehicle, which means the car can drive itself. Using laser technology called LIDAR, the car reads its surrounding and makes decisions about where and how to drive. Sitting in the backseat for one of its test drives, I found it truly bizarre to see the steering wheel move completely on its own (for more, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/robot-car-race\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out his radio story\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The car was developed by Stanford University for the \u003ca href=\"http://cs.stanford.edu/group/roadrunner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DARPA Urban Challenge\u003c/a> in 2007, a road race designed for autonomous cars. The course was complete with stop signs and obstacles that the cars had to avoid. Junior won second place. And there’s no doubt that the cars developed for the race broke new ground. Stanley, Junior’s predecessor, is now \u003ca href=\"http://soe.stanford.edu/about/stanleyvisit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">featured in the Smithsonian Museum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, another autonomous car has driven itself onto the scene – Shelley. Developed by the \u003ca href=\"http://me.stanford.edu/groups/design/automotive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Automotive Research at Stanford\u003c/a>, Shelley is an Audi TTS that is designed to be an autonomous race car. Shelley doesn’t use lasers to see the terrain. Instead, the car uses \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_GPS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">differential GPS\u003c/a> to find its position on an internal map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Chris Gerdes says the car uses techniques that race car drivers use. It takes sharp turns at high speeds, calculating the right times to brake and accelerate. We hung out recently at one of Shelley’s test runs at the Santa Clara County Fairground. From the outside, it didn’t seem like Shelly was doing anything special. Riding in the car, though, you can tell it’s taking the turns faster than most rational drivers would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from being a neat trick, the research that has gone into Shelley could be important in the future. Gerdes says it could be built into safety systems for cars that could assist drivers in tough situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, Gerdes is planning on taking Shelley up \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikes_Peak_International_Hill_Climb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pike’s Peak\u003c/a>, a climbing race course in Colorado. With tight turns, sheer drops and dirt roads, it will certainly be a test of the car’s systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.30402 -121.8532\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Shelley doesn't use lasers to see the terrain like her predecessor, Junior. Instead, the car uses differential GPS to find its position on an internal map.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975057,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":372},"headData":{"title":"Producer's Notes: Driverless Cars | KQED","description":"Shelley doesn't use lasers to see the terrain like her predecessor, Junior. Instead, the car uses differential GPS to find its position on an internal map.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/8011/producers-notes-driverless-cars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-driverless-cars\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/09/WS107_driverless_cars300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nThree years ago, I met a very unusual Volkswagen Passat at Stanford University. Junior, as they call it, is an autonomous vehicle, which means the car can drive itself. Using laser technology called LIDAR, the car reads its surrounding and makes decisions about where and how to drive. Sitting in the backseat for one of its test drives, I found it truly bizarre to see the steering wheel move completely on its own (for more, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/robot-car-race\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out his radio story\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The car was developed by Stanford University for the \u003ca href=\"http://cs.stanford.edu/group/roadrunner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DARPA Urban Challenge\u003c/a> in 2007, a road race designed for autonomous cars. The course was complete with stop signs and obstacles that the cars had to avoid. Junior won second place. And there’s no doubt that the cars developed for the race broke new ground. Stanley, Junior’s predecessor, is now \u003ca href=\"http://soe.stanford.edu/about/stanleyvisit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">featured in the Smithsonian Museum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, another autonomous car has driven itself onto the scene – Shelley. Developed by the \u003ca href=\"http://me.stanford.edu/groups/design/automotive/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Automotive Research at Stanford\u003c/a>, Shelley is an Audi TTS that is designed to be an autonomous race car. Shelley doesn’t use lasers to see the terrain. Instead, the car uses \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_GPS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">differential GPS\u003c/a> to find its position on an internal map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Chris Gerdes says the car uses techniques that race car drivers use. It takes sharp turns at high speeds, calculating the right times to brake and accelerate. We hung out recently at one of Shelley’s test runs at the Santa Clara County Fairground. From the outside, it didn’t seem like Shelly was doing anything special. Riding in the car, though, you can tell it’s taking the turns faster than most rational drivers would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from being a neat trick, the research that has gone into Shelley could be important in the future. Gerdes says it could be built into safety systems for cars that could assist drivers in tough situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, Gerdes is planning on taking Shelley up \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikes_Peak_International_Hill_Climb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pike’s Peak\u003c/a>, a climbing race course in Colorado. With tight turns, sheer drops and dirt roads, it will certainly be a test of the car’s systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.30402 -121.8532\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/8011/producers-notes-driverless-cars","authors":["10168"],"categories":["quest_8"],"tags":["quest_262","quest_480","quest_769","quest_885","quest_13197","quest_1249","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2204","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2360","quest_2443","quest_2774","quest_2973"],"featImg":"quest_8013","label":"quest"},"quest_5219":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_5219","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"5219","score":null,"sort":[1267213357000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"celestial-navigation-finding-your-way-in-the-dark","title":"Celestial Navigation: Finding Your Way in the Dark","publishDate":1267213357,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/02/celestialnavigation.jpg\">\u003cem>Earth's coordinates and the Celestial Sphere\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I’m dusting off the plastic tub where I keep all the materials for my \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/visit/calendar/?date=3/4/2010#calendar\">Celestial Navigation class\u003c/a>, in preparation for teaching it again, starting March 4. It’s not a certification course for learning how not to get lost at sea, but an introduction to astronomy spun up with the theme of that ancient practical use for astronomy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though I’ve been teaching this subject since 1996, I was delighted to run across a pair of antique \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/navigate/escapeworks.html\">sextants \u003c/a>purchased in the 1940s by Earle Linsley, Chabot’s second director, for use in his Celestial Navigation class!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, it’s a special topic for me as it blends my interest in astronomy with my long time fascination for things nautical: ships, exploration, adventure, and global geometry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fixing one’s position on Earth is one of the oldest practical applications of on-the-go astronomy (maybe not as old as working out the seasons and establishing standard periods of time—calendars—but possibly a contemporary craft). Long have sea-faring cultures in the Northern Hemisphere used Polaris to mark north and determine latitude. In the Southern Hemisphere, without the trusty North Star in view, \u003ca href=\"http://hawaiiantrading.com/herb-kane/ah-book/c4.html\">navigators such as Pacific Islanders \u003c/a>crossing that vastness in large canoes nevertheless memorized the locations of other stars at different times of the night and year to steer their courses from island to island. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arab caravans crossing the Sahara desert used Celestial Navigation so as not to get lost on the endless waves of sand dunes. The astrolabe—an instrument used to measure star altitudes to help plot position—was developed originally by Arab desert caravan drivers, not for sea-faring ships!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does it work, in a nutshell? Well, more recent Celestial Navigation techniques—the kind portrayed by sextant-wielding navigators plotting lines and circles on paper charts—boils down to the older concept of the Line of Position. If you can see and identify a landmark somewhere on the horizon (a mountain, an island, the end of a peninsula, an exceptionally large and well known tree), and you can measure what direction it’s in (e.g., with a compass), you can draw a line on a chart through that landmark running in the measured direction, and you can reason that you must also be located somewhere on that line. If you can plot another line for another observed landmark, then you can reason that you must be located where the two lines cross. Get it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using stars as \"landmarks\" was the leap from land-based positioning to Celestial Navigation. Imagine a given star as the top of a ridiculously tall landmark, or lighthouse, rising high above the point on the Earth it sits directly over—the star’s \"geographical position.\" The angle you measure between the star and the horizon (the star’s \"altitude\") depends on how far from that spot you are. If you’re at the star’s geographic position, then it’s directly overhead and makes an angle of 90 degrees with the horizon. The farther you are from that spot, the lower in the sky you will measure the star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to see that for any specific altitude measured for a star, you must be located somewhere (anywhere) on a giant circle on the Earth that is centered at the star’s geographic position. It’s like standing a certain distance from a flagpole and measuring the angle to its top: you’ll get the same measurement from anywhere along a circle drawn around the flagpole, but step closer to or farther away from it and the angle changes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measuring a single star’s altitude gives you a circle of position on Earth, somewhere on which you are located. Measure a second star and draw its circle of position and the two circles will cross each other at two locations—and you can reason that you are located at one of the two. Measuring a third star and a third circle of position should clinch the deal, marking your terrestrial position where the three circles intersect. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern GPS works similarly by measuring your position relative to several orbiting satellites, using the time delays in radio signals between satellite and GPS receiver to calculate a \u003ci>sphere of position\u003c/i> surrounding each satellite. You are located somewhere on that sphere of position, and where multiple spheres intersect at the same point, there you be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, where are you today? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Celestial Navigation - it’s a special topic for me as it blends my interest in astronomy with my long time fascination for things nautical: ships, exploration, adventure, and global geometry.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371077386,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":774},"headData":{"title":"Celestial Navigation: Finding Your Way in the Dark | KQED","description":"Celestial Navigation - it’s a special topic for me as it blends my interest in astronomy with my long time fascination for things nautical: ships, exploration, adventure, and global geometry.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"5219 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=5219","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/26/celestial-navigation-finding-your-way-in-the-dark/","disqusTitle":"Celestial Navigation: Finding Your Way in the Dark","path":"/quest/5219/celestial-navigation-finding-your-way-in-the-dark","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/02/celestialnavigation.jpg\">\u003cem>Earth's coordinates and the Celestial Sphere\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I’m dusting off the plastic tub where I keep all the materials for my \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/visit/calendar/?date=3/4/2010#calendar\">Celestial Navigation class\u003c/a>, in preparation for teaching it again, starting March 4. It’s not a certification course for learning how not to get lost at sea, but an introduction to astronomy spun up with the theme of that ancient practical use for astronomy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though I’ve been teaching this subject since 1996, I was delighted to run across a pair of antique \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackleton/navigate/escapeworks.html\">sextants \u003c/a>purchased in the 1940s by Earle Linsley, Chabot’s second director, for use in his Celestial Navigation class!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, it’s a special topic for me as it blends my interest in astronomy with my long time fascination for things nautical: ships, exploration, adventure, and global geometry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fixing one’s position on Earth is one of the oldest practical applications of on-the-go astronomy (maybe not as old as working out the seasons and establishing standard periods of time—calendars—but possibly a contemporary craft). Long have sea-faring cultures in the Northern Hemisphere used Polaris to mark north and determine latitude. In the Southern Hemisphere, without the trusty North Star in view, \u003ca href=\"http://hawaiiantrading.com/herb-kane/ah-book/c4.html\">navigators such as Pacific Islanders \u003c/a>crossing that vastness in large canoes nevertheless memorized the locations of other stars at different times of the night and year to steer their courses from island to island. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arab caravans crossing the Sahara desert used Celestial Navigation so as not to get lost on the endless waves of sand dunes. The astrolabe—an instrument used to measure star altitudes to help plot position—was developed originally by Arab desert caravan drivers, not for sea-faring ships!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does it work, in a nutshell? Well, more recent Celestial Navigation techniques—the kind portrayed by sextant-wielding navigators plotting lines and circles on paper charts—boils down to the older concept of the Line of Position. If you can see and identify a landmark somewhere on the horizon (a mountain, an island, the end of a peninsula, an exceptionally large and well known tree), and you can measure what direction it’s in (e.g., with a compass), you can draw a line on a chart through that landmark running in the measured direction, and you can reason that you must also be located somewhere on that line. If you can plot another line for another observed landmark, then you can reason that you must be located where the two lines cross. Get it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using stars as \"landmarks\" was the leap from land-based positioning to Celestial Navigation. Imagine a given star as the top of a ridiculously tall landmark, or lighthouse, rising high above the point on the Earth it sits directly over—the star’s \"geographical position.\" The angle you measure between the star and the horizon (the star’s \"altitude\") depends on how far from that spot you are. If you’re at the star’s geographic position, then it’s directly overhead and makes an angle of 90 degrees with the horizon. The farther you are from that spot, the lower in the sky you will measure the star. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to see that for any specific altitude measured for a star, you must be located somewhere (anywhere) on a giant circle on the Earth that is centered at the star’s geographic position. It’s like standing a certain distance from a flagpole and measuring the angle to its top: you’ll get the same measurement from anywhere along a circle drawn around the flagpole, but step closer to or farther away from it and the angle changes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measuring a single star’s altitude gives you a circle of position on Earth, somewhere on which you are located. Measure a second star and draw its circle of position and the two circles will cross each other at two locations—and you can reason that you are located at one of the two. Measuring a third star and a third circle of position should clinch the deal, marking your terrestrial position where the three circles intersect. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modern GPS works similarly by measuring your position relative to several orbiting satellites, using the time delays in radio signals between satellite and GPS receiver to calculate a \u003ci>sphere of position\u003c/i> surrounding each satellite. You are located somewhere on that sphere of position, and where multiple spheres intersect at the same point, there you be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, where are you today? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/5219/celestial-navigation-finding-your-way-in-the-dark","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_238","quest_13192","quest_526","quest_1249","quest_1949","quest_2602"],"label":"quest"},"quest_1878":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_1878","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"1878","score":null,"sort":[1238186337000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-high-tech-in-the-vineyards","title":"Reporter's Notes: High Tech in the Vineyards","publishDate":1238186337,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/high-tech-in-the-vineyards\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/03/radio3-25_hightechvine300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Wine making is indeed an art form, but it is increasingly becoming more scientific. I knew growing wine grapes requires a lot of attention to detail -- there is the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terroir\" target=\"_blank\">terroir\u003c/a>, pests and diseases and all those microclimates. But who would have known, driving down Hwy 29, the main thoroughfare through the Napa Valley, that many of those vineyards are totally wired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our radio story, we feature the stylishly high tech \u003ca href=\"http://www.vineyard29.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Vineyard 29\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.robertmondaviwinery.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Mondavi Winery\u003c/a>, but scores of other wineries are using a similar toolbox of technology to help them monitor the soil's water content to grow better grapes. The technology ends up conserving water, too. Remote sensing, ground penetrating radar and satellite technology have helped Mondavi cut back on water use by 30% in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winemakers are using some of the same technology that NASA uses to study Mars and engineers use to build hi-rises and freeways. A typical toolbox includes multi-spectral imaging, weather stations, neutron moisture probes, and pressure bombs and there is a plethora of newer technologies in the pipeline. But enough with all the high tech gizmos. How does wine from high tech vines taste? The answer might be found in the success of the winery. Mondavi has won numerous awards over the years and there is a two-year waiting list just to purchase Vineyard 29 wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/27/reporters-notes-high-tech-in-the-vineyards/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-high-tech-in-the-vineyards-slideshow\">Check out our slide show\u003c/a> to see some of these technologies or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/high-tech-in-the-vineyards\">listen to our radio report\u003c/a> on high tech in the vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.49586 -122.49586\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Wine making is indeed an art form, but it is increasingly becoming more scientific. I knew growing wine grapes requires a lot of attention to detail -- there is the terroir, pests and diseases and all those microclimates. But who would have known, driving down Hwy 29, the main thoroughfare through the Napa Valley, that many of those vineyards are totally wired.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443829705,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":258},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: High Tech in the Vineyards | KQED","description":"Wine making is indeed an art form, but it is increasingly becoming more scientific. I knew growing wine grapes requires a lot of attention to detail -- there is the terroir, pests and diseases and all those microclimates. But who would have known, driving down Hwy 29, the main thoroughfare through the Napa Valley, that many of those vineyards are totally wired.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"1878 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=1878","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/27/reporters-notes-high-tech-in-the-vineyards/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: High Tech in the Vineyards","path":"/quest/1878/reporters-notes-high-tech-in-the-vineyards","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/high-tech-in-the-vineyards\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/03/radio3-25_hightechvine300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Wine making is indeed an art form, but it is increasingly becoming more scientific. I knew growing wine grapes requires a lot of attention to detail -- there is the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terroir\" target=\"_blank\">terroir\u003c/a>, pests and diseases and all those microclimates. But who would have known, driving down Hwy 29, the main thoroughfare through the Napa Valley, that many of those vineyards are totally wired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our radio story, we feature the stylishly high tech \u003ca href=\"http://www.vineyard29.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Vineyard 29\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.robertmondaviwinery.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Mondavi Winery\u003c/a>, but scores of other wineries are using a similar toolbox of technology to help them monitor the soil's water content to grow better grapes. The technology ends up conserving water, too. Remote sensing, ground penetrating radar and satellite technology have helped Mondavi cut back on water use by 30% in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winemakers are using some of the same technology that NASA uses to study Mars and engineers use to build hi-rises and freeways. A typical toolbox includes multi-spectral imaging, weather stations, neutron moisture probes, and pressure bombs and there is a plethora of newer technologies in the pipeline. But enough with all the high tech gizmos. How does wine from high tech vines taste? The answer might be found in the success of the winery. Mondavi has won numerous awards over the years and there is a two-year waiting list just to purchase Vineyard 29 wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/03/27/reporters-notes-high-tech-in-the-vineyards/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/web-extra-high-tech-in-the-vineyards-slideshow\">Check out our slide show\u003c/a> to see some of these technologies or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/high-tech-in-the-vineyards\">listen to our radio report\u003c/a> on high tech in the vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 38.49586 -122.49586\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/1878/reporters-notes-high-tech-in-the-vineyards","authors":["212"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_252","quest_886","quest_13197","quest_1249","quest_1586","quest_1914","quest_13206","quest_2884","quest_3075","quest_3108","quest_3171"],"label":"quest"},"quest_980":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_980","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"980","score":null,"sort":[1229133125000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-dialing-in-on-traffic","title":"Reporter's Notes: Dialing in on Traffic","publishDate":1229133125,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/dialing-in-on-traffic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/12/radio3-11_trafficproject300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot project at UC Berkeley called Mobile Millennium uses cell phones as data points to show traffic patterns in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To become an early adopter of the technology, you must have an unlimited data plan on a mobile phone with a GPS system. If you have that, you can sign up here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Project leader Alex Bayen says that it's not just a breakthrough in how we can gauge traffic, but also a scientific breakthrough – that is, it was a challenge to take random data points, some in motion, some not, and to turn them into usable traffic information. This is how Alex Bayen put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-11_DialinginTraffic_blogextra1.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he adds that, as cell phones get more memory and more devices on them, they will become more central in our lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-11_DialinginTraffic_blogextra2.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of place-based reporting is a burgeoning field. A program at UCLA, for example, uses cell phone information to create a personal environmental risk assessment and a UC Berkeley study \u003ca href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9973448-1.html\">monitors currents in the Sacramento River\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/dialing-in-on-traffic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Listen to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/dialing-in-on-traffic\">Dialing in on Traffic\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8721 -122.258\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The pilot project at UC Berkeley called Mobile Millennium uses cell phones as data points to show traffic patterns in real time. To become an early adopter of the technology, you must have an unlimited data plan on a mobile phone with a GPS system.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443833384,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":242},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Dialing in on Traffic | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"980 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=980","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/12/12/reporters-notes-dialing-in-on-traffic/","disqusTitle":"Reporter's Notes: Dialing in on Traffic","path":"/quest/980/reporters-notes-dialing-in-on-traffic","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-11_DialinginTraffic_blogextra1.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/dialing-in-on-traffic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/12/radio3-11_trafficproject300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot project at UC Berkeley called Mobile Millennium uses cell phones as data points to show traffic patterns in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To become an early adopter of the technology, you must have an unlimited data plan on a mobile phone with a GPS system. If you have that, you can sign up here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Project leader Alex Bayen says that it's not just a breakthrough in how we can gauge traffic, but also a scientific breakthrough – that is, it was a challenge to take random data points, some in motion, some not, and to turn them into usable traffic information. This is how Alex Bayen put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-11_DialinginTraffic_blogextra1.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he adds that, as cell phones get more memory and more devices on them, they will become more central in our lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/quest/radio3-11_DialinginTraffic_blogextra2.mp3\" ]\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of place-based reporting is a burgeoning field. A program at UCLA, for example, uses cell phone information to create a personal environmental risk assessment and a UC Berkeley study \u003ca href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9973448-1.html\">monitors currents in the Sacramento River\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/dialing-in-on-traffic\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Listen to the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/dialing-in-on-traffic\">Dialing in on Traffic\u003c/a> radio report online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8721 -122.258\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/980/reporters-notes-dialing-in-on-traffic","authors":["8656"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_499","quest_527","quest_681","quest_13198","quest_1249","quest_1586","quest_13206","quest_2973","quest_2983"],"label":"quest"},"quest_625":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_625","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"625","score":null,"sort":[1212426518000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"musings-on-communication-and-technology","title":"Musings on Communication and Technology","publishDate":1212426518,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/phone1.jpg\">\u003c/span>Recently during \"girl's day\" with my mom - my mom made a comment that made me take a second take about technology. I was texting on my iphone and she tsked under her breath and said; \"People don't talk anymore, it's all text this and email that, soon language will be obsolete!\" My first instinct was rebuttal, after all email, texting and cell phones all facilitate communication. But she had a point, communication, as she knew it back when she was my age is going the way of dinosaurs. Instead of simply writing a letter or speaking to someone in person, many people prefer facilitation with technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All during this week, I have been seeing reminders that communication is powering ever new and faster technology while leaving technical carnage in its wake. Pay phones booths with the pay phones ripped out and discarded, corded telephones being thrown away, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk\">floppy disks\u003c/a> and typewriters being recycled because they are no longer the most efficient devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Academy move to Golden Gate park, staff has helped the internal Greenteam recycle a quarter ton of e-waste at \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencitizen.com/\">Green Citizen\u003c/a>. Green Citizen is a company that recycles computers and e-waste at a small cost so that electronic components don't end up in landfills. What astonished me when sorting through the recycling was that the items that were being recycled were mainly data storage devices. Floppy disks, slides and CDs stacked up by the thousands. Often I don't think about the technology that has seamlessly molded into my life but in this move, I have thought a lot about how that technology has created a great deal of waste. Companies and individuals are now seeking out more responsible ways of recycling but much of it still ends up in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the need to keep up with data storage, archives at the Academy have turned from slides to digital scanning, GPS mapping has replaced paper topography, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.skype.com/\">Skype\u003c/a> is keeping researchers in touch rather than phones. It is so important in research to be able to communicate effectively in the remote field areas as well as with colleagues all over the world. Technology is also growing exponentially. In my lifetime alone, I have seen the Internet created, email, cordless phones, mobile phones and GPS. It is an incredible communication age and how we interact is being re-defined but at what cost? Academy policy over the last decade has been to find ways to either donate computers and technology to third world countries or find means to recycle them here. Researchers have seen first hand where electronics and e-waste can end up and what a horrible impact it can have on the bio-diverse environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a great detriment to faster and expanding communication. While younger generations excel with the technology, older generations are being alienated with technology that seems foreign. As well, the need and demand for better and faster technology creates a pile of obsolete devices and adds to the environmental crisis. This week one comment gave me pause and really made me reconsider if all this technology is a good thing. I don't have an answer but in my concern for the environment - musing over technology this week has made me reconsider if the need for instant communication outweighs its negative waste impact...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1212426518,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":566},"headData":{"title":"Musings on Communication and Technology | KQED","description":"Recently during "girl's day" with my mom - my mom made a comment that made me take a second take about technology. I was texting on my iphone and she tsked under her breath and said; "People don't talk anymore, it's all text this and email that, soon language will be obsolete!" My first instinct","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"625 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=625","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/06/02/musings-on-communication-and-technology/","disqusTitle":"Musings on Communication and Technology","path":"/quest/625/musings-on-communication-and-technology","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/06/phone1.jpg\">\u003c/span>Recently during \"girl's day\" with my mom - my mom made a comment that made me take a second take about technology. I was texting on my iphone and she tsked under her breath and said; \"People don't talk anymore, it's all text this and email that, soon language will be obsolete!\" My first instinct was rebuttal, after all email, texting and cell phones all facilitate communication. But she had a point, communication, as she knew it back when she was my age is going the way of dinosaurs. Instead of simply writing a letter or speaking to someone in person, many people prefer facilitation with technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All during this week, I have been seeing reminders that communication is powering ever new and faster technology while leaving technical carnage in its wake. Pay phones booths with the pay phones ripped out and discarded, corded telephones being thrown away, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk\">floppy disks\u003c/a> and typewriters being recycled because they are no longer the most efficient devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Academy move to Golden Gate park, staff has helped the internal Greenteam recycle a quarter ton of e-waste at \u003ca href=\"http://www.greencitizen.com/\">Green Citizen\u003c/a>. Green Citizen is a company that recycles computers and e-waste at a small cost so that electronic components don't end up in landfills. What astonished me when sorting through the recycling was that the items that were being recycled were mainly data storage devices. Floppy disks, slides and CDs stacked up by the thousands. Often I don't think about the technology that has seamlessly molded into my life but in this move, I have thought a lot about how that technology has created a great deal of waste. Companies and individuals are now seeking out more responsible ways of recycling but much of it still ends up in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the need to keep up with data storage, archives at the Academy have turned from slides to digital scanning, GPS mapping has replaced paper topography, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.skype.com/\">Skype\u003c/a> is keeping researchers in touch rather than phones. It is so important in research to be able to communicate effectively in the remote field areas as well as with colleagues all over the world. Technology is also growing exponentially. In my lifetime alone, I have seen the Internet created, email, cordless phones, mobile phones and GPS. It is an incredible communication age and how we interact is being re-defined but at what cost? Academy policy over the last decade has been to find ways to either donate computers and technology to third world countries or find means to recycle them here. Researchers have seen first hand where electronics and e-waste can end up and what a horrible impact it can have on the bio-diverse environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a great detriment to faster and expanding communication. While younger generations excel with the technology, older generations are being alienated with technology that seems foreign. As well, the need and demand for better and faster technology creates a pile of obsolete devices and adds to the environmental crisis. This week one comment gave me pause and really made me reconsider if all this technology is a good thing. I don't have an answer but in my concern for the environment - musing over technology this week has made me reconsider if the need for instant communication outweighs its negative waste impact...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7697 -122.466\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/625/musings-on-communication-and-technology","authors":["10173"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_431","quest_665","quest_1249","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2884"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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