Arsenic and Old Lakes: NASA Finds Life NOT As We Know It
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Burress","firstName":"Ben","lastName":"Burress","slug":"ben-burress","email":"bburress@chabotspace.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center since July 1999. He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ben Burress | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ben-burress"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_19221":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19221","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19221","score":null,"sort":[1304699893000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"earth-to-et-im-not-listening","title":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening!","publishDate":1304699893,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ATA_pix2.jpg\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) at Hat Creek Radio\u003cbr> Observatory. Credit: SETI Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Imagine: ET, sitting at the controls of a giant radio telescope on an alien world, methodically probing one star, then the next, listening…listening, because ET thinks that if civilization exists on her world, it may exist on another—if only she could hear the radio chatter of that would-be civilization. One star, then another, then another. All's quiet; no radio leakage from global broadcasts, no tightly beamed message aimed at the cosmos declaring, \"I'm here! Are you, too?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ET turns the antenna once more, this time to a small, distant, yellow sun (the one we Earthlings call Sol). Reaching for the button labeled \"receive,\" ET is suddenly interrupted by her supervisor. The order: \"Shut down; we just ran out of money.\" Reluctantly, ET turns off the radio dish, wondering wistfully if that little yellow sun might have been \"the one\"….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: This has been a blog dramatization. There is no actual danger to the people of Planet Earth. Do not panic….\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now turn the story around: No alien scientist with research budget constraints, but rather the operational shutdown, or \"hibernation,\" of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1581\">SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array (ATA)\u003c/a>, operated by the University of California Berkeley, due to State funding cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SETI Institute has been around a while now, pointing radio dishes at stars and listening for signals of non-natural origin. If you've seen the movie Contact (at least, the first half hour or so), you get the idea of what they do—and also how funding, or scarcity thereof, figures into their work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to detect and discriminate the radio transmissions from a civilization in another star system is a bit like trying to hear a whisper from across a noisy room, hence the need for a sensitive listening device like the ATA. The ATA is an array of radio telescopes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcro.org/\">Hat Creek Radio Observatory \u003c/a>in Northern California built to conduct high-resolution radio astronomy observations of cosmic events and objects, as well as to listen for the radio broadcasts of any alien civilizations that might be within hearing distance of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of things make the ATA the most powerful tool in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence yet constructed. One is the collective size of radio dishes. Each dish isn't particularly large as radio telescopes go, but the plan is for as many as 350 linked dishes to make one giant radio \"ear\". Also, advancements in electronic and computing technologies give the ATA increased sensitivity and data processing speed . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question as to whether other civilizations (or life) even exist has not been answered, the ATA is capable of making the detection, particularly if such a civilization were in our stellar neighborhood…and \u003ca href=\"http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm\">frankly\u003c/a>, this would be one of the greatest discoveries in all of history…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but that's all on hold until a few million dollars of operating cash can be found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ATA's hibernation came at a particularly unfortunate moment. As compelling as SETI's search was before, the recent discovery of over \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">1,200 candidate extrasolar planets \u003c/a>(exoplanets) by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>mission has produced a list of highly desirable targets for the ATA. A number of the candidate worlds are of Earth-like stature, and a number of those dwell within their stars' habitable zones—potentially prime spots for life to have formed…and who knows, intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we actually hear the weak radio (or television!) signal of an extraterrestrial world—either inadvertent signal leakage, like ET's version of I Love Lucy, or a direct broadcast aimed at the cosmos with a message like \"Hello out there!\"—that would be a transformational day for the human race, the day we learn that there's not only life out there, but other intelligence, other thinkers. That would be a far bigger deal than discovering microbes on Mars…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what would we hear? What would ET say? Would we be able to understand the language spoken? Would the discovery be any less monumental if we couldn't?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we would hear from ET might be similar to what we'd say to her. Beyond the accidental leakage of our radio and television broadcasts, what would our message be? \u003cem>Hello, here we are. Anyone out there? Eh? Bueller? Bueller?\u003c/em> But the nature of interstellar distances means we'd have to wait tens, or hundreds, or even thousands of years to hear any response to the query. It makes more practical sense just to listen….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for ET hearing our own broadcasts, in the time since we started making them the \"bubble\" of transmissions has swept out through our stellar neighborhood, out to a distance of about 70 light years at this point, which encompasses hundreds of stars and, as we now know, hundreds of exoplanets….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully the hibernation of the ATA is only a temporary pause, and SETI will soon get back to the job of putting Earth's big ear to the candidate Kepler worlds and listen intently for that world-changing whisper….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"SETI's Allen Telescope Array is placed in hibernation due to funding cuts, putting the search for extraterrestrial intelligence on hold.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1304699893,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":874},"headData":{"title":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening! | KQED","description":"SETI's Allen Telescope Array is placed in hibernation due to funding cuts, putting the search for extraterrestrial intelligence on hold.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening!","datePublished":"2011-05-06T16:38:13.000Z","dateModified":"2011-05-06T16:38:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19221 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=14259","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/06/earth-to-et-im-not-listening/","disqusTitle":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening!","path":"/quest/19221/earth-to-et-im-not-listening","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ATA_pix2.jpg\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) at Hat Creek Radio\u003cbr> Observatory. Credit: SETI Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Imagine: ET, sitting at the controls of a giant radio telescope on an alien world, methodically probing one star, then the next, listening…listening, because ET thinks that if civilization exists on her world, it may exist on another—if only she could hear the radio chatter of that would-be civilization. One star, then another, then another. All's quiet; no radio leakage from global broadcasts, no tightly beamed message aimed at the cosmos declaring, \"I'm here! Are you, too?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ET turns the antenna once more, this time to a small, distant, yellow sun (the one we Earthlings call Sol). Reaching for the button labeled \"receive,\" ET is suddenly interrupted by her supervisor. The order: \"Shut down; we just ran out of money.\" Reluctantly, ET turns off the radio dish, wondering wistfully if that little yellow sun might have been \"the one\"….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: This has been a blog dramatization. There is no actual danger to the people of Planet Earth. Do not panic….\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now turn the story around: No alien scientist with research budget constraints, but rather the operational shutdown, or \"hibernation,\" of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1581\">SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array (ATA)\u003c/a>, operated by the University of California Berkeley, due to State funding cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SETI Institute has been around a while now, pointing radio dishes at stars and listening for signals of non-natural origin. If you've seen the movie Contact (at least, the first half hour or so), you get the idea of what they do—and also how funding, or scarcity thereof, figures into their work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to detect and discriminate the radio transmissions from a civilization in another star system is a bit like trying to hear a whisper from across a noisy room, hence the need for a sensitive listening device like the ATA. The ATA is an array of radio telescopes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcro.org/\">Hat Creek Radio Observatory \u003c/a>in Northern California built to conduct high-resolution radio astronomy observations of cosmic events and objects, as well as to listen for the radio broadcasts of any alien civilizations that might be within hearing distance of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of things make the ATA the most powerful tool in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence yet constructed. One is the collective size of radio dishes. Each dish isn't particularly large as radio telescopes go, but the plan is for as many as 350 linked dishes to make one giant radio \"ear\". Also, advancements in electronic and computing technologies give the ATA increased sensitivity and data processing speed . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question as to whether other civilizations (or life) even exist has not been answered, the ATA is capable of making the detection, particularly if such a civilization were in our stellar neighborhood…and \u003ca href=\"http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm\">frankly\u003c/a>, this would be one of the greatest discoveries in all of history…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but that's all on hold until a few million dollars of operating cash can be found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ATA's hibernation came at a particularly unfortunate moment. As compelling as SETI's search was before, the recent discovery of over \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">1,200 candidate extrasolar planets \u003c/a>(exoplanets) by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>mission has produced a list of highly desirable targets for the ATA. A number of the candidate worlds are of Earth-like stature, and a number of those dwell within their stars' habitable zones—potentially prime spots for life to have formed…and who knows, intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we actually hear the weak radio (or television!) signal of an extraterrestrial world—either inadvertent signal leakage, like ET's version of I Love Lucy, or a direct broadcast aimed at the cosmos with a message like \"Hello out there!\"—that would be a transformational day for the human race, the day we learn that there's not only life out there, but other intelligence, other thinkers. That would be a far bigger deal than discovering microbes on Mars…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what would we hear? What would ET say? Would we be able to understand the language spoken? Would the discovery be any less monumental if we couldn't?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we would hear from ET might be similar to what we'd say to her. Beyond the accidental leakage of our radio and television broadcasts, what would our message be? \u003cem>Hello, here we are. Anyone out there? Eh? Bueller? Bueller?\u003c/em> But the nature of interstellar distances means we'd have to wait tens, or hundreds, or even thousands of years to hear any response to the query. It makes more practical sense just to listen….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for ET hearing our own broadcasts, in the time since we started making them the \"bubble\" of transmissions has swept out through our stellar neighborhood, out to a distance of about 70 light years at this point, which encompasses hundreds of stars and, as we now know, hundreds of exoplanets….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully the hibernation of the ATA is only a temporary pause, and SETI will soon get back to the job of putting Earth's big ear to the candidate Kepler worlds and listen intently for that world-changing whisper….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19221/earth-to-et-im-not-listening","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_3452","quest_13192","quest_3466","quest_1051","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2594"],"featImg":"quest_14263","label":"quest"},"quest_10933":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_10933","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"10933","score":null,"sort":[1291395041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"arsenic-and-old-lakes-nasa-finds-life-not-as-we-know-it","title":"Arsenic and Old Lakes: NASA Finds Life NOT As We Know It","publishDate":1291395041,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/monolake.jpg\">\u003cem>An alien landscape home to extraterrestrial life? No--it's Mono\u003cbr> Lake in California, but home to a very unexpected form of life!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I was going to title this blog \"Life is Out There!\" But, that risks sensationalizing the available facts, so I won't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm starting to write this blog before NASA's big announcement of a discovery relating to astrobiology and extraterrestrial life. That announcement will be (was) made on Thursday, December 2nd, 2010 at 11:00 AM PST. What will it be? There's been a lot of wild speculation that NASA is going to report actually finding extraterrestrial life…but let's wait and see. I'll let you know what cat has been let out of the bag by the end of this blog….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mean time, what about it: Life Out There? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems we've been on the verge of finding it somewhere out there for a very long time, in one form or another. Speculation of life and intelligence and civilizations on other worlds has gone on for untold centuries. You might even count the ancient beliefs that the planets were embodiments of deities…but can a deity actually be counted as a form of life? Hmmm. Straying from topic….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even a century-plus ago, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5630660&ps=rs\">Percival Lowell \u003c/a>squinting through the eyepiece of his telescope on Mars Hill thought he saw the signs of life: streaks and lines he perceived on the blurry disk of Mars that he claimed might be canals constructed by a civilization on Mars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life on the Moon? While the Apollo program went to the Moon for rocks and glory, they were careful to quarantine their returning astronauts just in case they picked up a Moon bug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've been scratching around on Mars since the Viking missions looking for signs (and will soon be scratching some more when the \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">Mars Science Laboratory \u003c/a>begins its patrol)—and the sensation created by strange microbe-like rock features in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/04/new-evidence-of-martian-life-found-in-antarctica/\">meteorite from Mars (ALH84001)\u003c/a> as possible Martian fossils is an ongoing investigation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also study forms of Terrestrial life we call \"\u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/cellular-microscopic/extremophile.htm\">extremophiles\u003c/a>\" because of their ability to thrive in extreme heat or cold or toxicity, and we compare those extreme environments to other locations in the solar system that may have similar conditions, looking to those places (especially the watery ones, like Europa and Enceladus and maybe Mars) as possible homes for life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I'm waiting for the announcement, I find myself thinking about the possibilities if life is as common in the Universe as some scientists think it might be. Finding other life in our own solar system would be awesome, even if it's fossilized remains of extinct life that we'll never meet microscope-to-photoreceptor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With evidence suggesting that planets are not only common, but probably far outnumber stars, coupled with profuse examples of Earthly life existing in a vast range of environments, imagine the potential variety of life in the galaxy, or the Universe. Imagine how different, apparently or fundamentally, the spectrum of possible life could be from one end to the other—if that spectrum has ends at all. Imagine how much life might be going on out there right now, maybe even close to home in our stellar neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then imagine, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\">SETI Institute \u003c/a>has, the possibilities of intelligent life with technological civilizations. How vastly different could they be from our intelligence, and our civilization? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mind boggles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flash! This just in--\u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2010/02dec_monolake/\">NASA's big announcement\u003c/a>: A bacterium has been found in the arsenic-rich environment of Mono Lake; a microbe that has the ability to substitute arsenic for phosphorous in its biochemistry, phosphorous being one of the essential elements for life as we know it (to which arsenic is toxic). While it is an Earthly microbe, the opening comment of the announcement was that this is NOT life as we have known it. (Funny—NASA's search for life on other planets has been for \"life as we know it,\" and here they find an example of another sort right here on Earth….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize NASA's talking chemistry and not psychic alien embryos that latch onto your spinal column…but this is pretty awesome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it isn't quite the same as the eventual announcement of the discovery of extraterrestrial life (which I can see happening at some point), the ramification of this homeland discovery that most excites me is how it \"widens the lens\" of our view on possible environments in which we might find life in the Universe. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life is out there (I expect), and now we have more places to look for it….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA announces finding \"life NOT as we know it\" in the arsenic-laced waters of Mono Lake.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371064257,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":795},"headData":{"title":"Arsenic and Old Lakes: NASA Finds Life NOT As We Know It | KQED","description":"NASA announces finding "life NOT as we know it" in the arsenic-laced waters of Mono Lake.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Arsenic and Old Lakes: NASA Finds Life NOT As We Know It","datePublished":"2010-12-03T16:50:41.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T19:10:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"10933 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10933","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/12/03/arsenic-and-old-lakes-nasa-finds-life-not-as-we-know-it/","disqusTitle":"Arsenic and Old Lakes: NASA Finds Life NOT As We Know It","path":"/quest/10933/arsenic-and-old-lakes-nasa-finds-life-not-as-we-know-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/12/monolake.jpg\">\u003cem>An alien landscape home to extraterrestrial life? No--it's Mono\u003cbr> Lake in California, but home to a very unexpected form of life!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I was going to title this blog \"Life is Out There!\" But, that risks sensationalizing the available facts, so I won't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm starting to write this blog before NASA's big announcement of a discovery relating to astrobiology and extraterrestrial life. That announcement will be (was) made on Thursday, December 2nd, 2010 at 11:00 AM PST. What will it be? There's been a lot of wild speculation that NASA is going to report actually finding extraterrestrial life…but let's wait and see. I'll let you know what cat has been let out of the bag by the end of this blog….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mean time, what about it: Life Out There? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems we've been on the verge of finding it somewhere out there for a very long time, in one form or another. Speculation of life and intelligence and civilizations on other worlds has gone on for untold centuries. You might even count the ancient beliefs that the planets were embodiments of deities…but can a deity actually be counted as a form of life? Hmmm. Straying from topic….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even a century-plus ago, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5630660&ps=rs\">Percival Lowell \u003c/a>squinting through the eyepiece of his telescope on Mars Hill thought he saw the signs of life: streaks and lines he perceived on the blurry disk of Mars that he claimed might be canals constructed by a civilization on Mars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life on the Moon? While the Apollo program went to the Moon for rocks and glory, they were careful to quarantine their returning astronauts just in case they picked up a Moon bug. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've been scratching around on Mars since the Viking missions looking for signs (and will soon be scratching some more when the \u003ca href=\"http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/\">Mars Science Laboratory \u003c/a>begins its patrol)—and the sensation created by strange microbe-like rock features in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/04/new-evidence-of-martian-life-found-in-antarctica/\">meteorite from Mars (ALH84001)\u003c/a> as possible Martian fossils is an ongoing investigation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also study forms of Terrestrial life we call \"\u003ca href=\"http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/cellular-microscopic/extremophile.htm\">extremophiles\u003c/a>\" because of their ability to thrive in extreme heat or cold or toxicity, and we compare those extreme environments to other locations in the solar system that may have similar conditions, looking to those places (especially the watery ones, like Europa and Enceladus and maybe Mars) as possible homes for life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I'm waiting for the announcement, I find myself thinking about the possibilities if life is as common in the Universe as some scientists think it might be. Finding other life in our own solar system would be awesome, even if it's fossilized remains of extinct life that we'll never meet microscope-to-photoreceptor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With evidence suggesting that planets are not only common, but probably far outnumber stars, coupled with profuse examples of Earthly life existing in a vast range of environments, imagine the potential variety of life in the galaxy, or the Universe. Imagine how different, apparently or fundamentally, the spectrum of possible life could be from one end to the other—if that spectrum has ends at all. Imagine how much life might be going on out there right now, maybe even close to home in our stellar neighborhood. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then imagine, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/\">SETI Institute \u003c/a>has, the possibilities of intelligent life with technological civilizations. How vastly different could they be from our intelligence, and our civilization? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mind boggles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flash! This just in--\u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2010/02dec_monolake/\">NASA's big announcement\u003c/a>: A bacterium has been found in the arsenic-rich environment of Mono Lake; a microbe that has the ability to substitute arsenic for phosphorous in its biochemistry, phosphorous being one of the essential elements for life as we know it (to which arsenic is toxic). While it is an Earthly microbe, the opening comment of the announcement was that this is NOT life as we have known it. (Funny—NASA's search for life on other planets has been for \"life as we know it,\" and here they find an example of another sort right here on Earth….)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize NASA's talking chemistry and not psychic alien embryos that latch onto your spinal column…but this is pretty awesome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it isn't quite the same as the eventual announcement of the discovery of extraterrestrial life (which I can see happening at some point), the ramification of this homeland discovery that most excites me is how it \"widens the lens\" of our view on possible environments in which we might find life in the Universe. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life is out there (I expect), and now we have more places to look for it….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/10933/arsenic-and-old-lakes-nasa-finds-life-not-as-we-know-it","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_215","quest_237","quest_13192","quest_268","quest_1051","quest_1656","quest_1861","quest_1918"],"featImg":"quest_10936","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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