Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns
Elk Return to the Bay Area
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In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect \"the big bad wolf.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457555585,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1614},"headData":{"title":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear | KQED","description":"In Washington state, wolves and deer are playing out a high-stakes game of cat-and-mouse that could have profound impacts on the ecosystem. Watch the video and find out what conservationist, Fred Koontz has to say about the need to protect "the big bad wolf."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","datePublished":"2014-03-06T15:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-09T20:33:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"66669 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=66669","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/06/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear/","disqusTitle":"QUEST TV: Wolves and the Ecology of Fear","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sM3L41-xulU","path":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Does “the big bad wolf” play an important role in the modern-day food web? In this video we journey to Washington State’s Cascade Mountains, where the return of wolves could have a profound impact on a vast wilderness area. We meet up with biologist Aaron Wirsing to explore why wolves and other top predators are needed for diverse ecosystems to flourish. Using a simple video camera (a “deer-cam”) Wirsing is gaining a unique perspective on predator/prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wolves in the Crosshairs: Q&A with conservationist, Fred Koontz\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 233px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67879 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg\" alt=\"Fred Koontz\" width=\"233\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642.jpg 432w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Fred-Koontz-e1393522320642-400x530.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Fred Koontz\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves are in the crosshairs of a heated conservation debate, with the federal government trying to strip all protections for them in the continental U.S. Dr. Fred Koontz, vice president of field conservation at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, has worked in conservation for three decades and has studied the wolf issue. We talked with Dr. Koontz about the future of wolves in the U.S. and the role they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wolves may be the most polarizing animal in North America, more so than other large carnivores like cougars or grizzly bears. Why?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The gray wolf is one of the world's most adaptable and widely distributed mammals, ranging over much of Asia, Europe, and North America. Wolves, the size of a German shepherd, are pack-hunting predators that sometimes kill livestock. Combined with wolves’ nocturnal behavior and haunting howling, this has resulted in a long history of conflict with people, especially as human numbers have increased exponentially in recent centuries and agricultural lands expanded into wolf habitat. There are, however, very few documented cases of wolves attacking people, but the rare times it’s happened it’s been sensationalized and blown out of proportion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have your perceptions or understanding of wolves changed over the years?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>At an early age, my mother read with much theatrical expression “Little Red Riding Hood,” which, like many children, left me fearing the “big bad wolf.” This negative image was reinforced with similar wolf-themed horror movies that I ashamedly spent far too much time watching in my youth. Only when I studied ecology and animal behavior in college and as a wildlife professional did I see a different image of the wolf. Wolves are important regulators of prey numbers and behavior, and as such, influence a web of ecological interactions that enrich biological diversity. I learned also that among many adaptive traits enabling their evolutionary success, wolves have a rich social life and extraordinary set of communication behaviors. The more I learned, the more fascinated I became in understanding how wolves and people might live together for their mutual benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gray wolves have been taken off the federal endangered species list in some states, such as Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. And a \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>recent federal proposal \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>would strip all gray wolves in the continental U.S. of their federal protection. How did this come to be? What kind of politics are at play?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67887\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67887 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg\" alt=\"2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow\" width=\"389\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow.jpg 1542w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-400x265.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1440x953.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-1180x781.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/2012-01-18RyanHawk254Snow-960x636.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gray wolves can come in an assortment of colors, such as these all-white wolves. Photo courtesy of Ryan Hawk, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1974 first listed gray wolves as endangered in the lower 48 states. Now they propose to remove them from the ESA list. This idea follows from three decades of actions undertaken by federal, state, and local partners that resulted in population recovery and delisting in 2011 of wolves living in the western Great Lakes states and northern Rockies. With about 6,000 wolves residing in these two recovery areas, USFWS believes that the gray wolf population in general is well established and stable enough to warrant delisting. Many state wildlife officials welcome the move as they are eager to take back the management authority for animals within their political borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, many conservation scientists and wolf advocates believe that more time on the endangered species list -- and [under] federal protection -- would allow wolves a greater opportunity to reclaim more of their former territory and grow the number of their populations. This is important because, despite wolf recovery success in the Great Lakes states and Rocky Mountains, there is still a lot of their former range not yet occupied. Expanded range and more populations, in turn, will provide greater species resiliency to unexpected environmental disruptions like climate change and emerging diseases and also improve long-term wolf survival in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An independent review panel recently found that the federal government \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/flora-and-fauna/article/panel-finds-feds-didnt-use-best-science-in-wolf-pl/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cstrong>used uncertain science\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> when it proposed removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list across the lower 48 states. What could that mean for the future of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>This is important because under Endangered Species Act law the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is obligated to use the best available science. The Service claimed that new genetic research indicated that wolves living in the eastern U.S. were actually a different species, and thus should not be considered as part of the original listing or part of the historic range. The expert panel said the genetic research was uncertain and based largely on one paper. The panel’s report has reopened the debate about delisting gray wolves, and I suspect it will extend the time wolves remain listed. The final decision on delisting is yet to be determined -- public comment is \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=0D493E53-AC54-99DD-52400A7BAA5A6085\" target=\"_blank\">encouraged\u003c/a>. [Note: deadline is March 27, 2014]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the long run, the debate about delisting wolves invites larger questions like, what constitutes full recovery of any endangered species, and does the legal framework of the ESA reflect current conservation science and principles of sustainable living? Most importantly, there needs to be agreement at the onset about the ultimate purpose of recovery -- is it simply species survival or restoring ecological function? There are no easy answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67891\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67891 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg\" alt=\"Mule Deer Lauren Sobkoviak\" width=\"378\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Mule-Deer-Lauren-Sobkoviak-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mule Deer photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/ashrunner/8522517826/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sobkoviak.\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it possible for wolves and humans to coexist? What needs to change for that to happen?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I think that wolves and humans ultimately will coexist by sharing land in two key places -- protected areas and rural areas managed for the benefit of people and wildlife, for example, park buffer lands, multiple-use public lands, and designated wildlife corridors. For the reconciliation between wolves and humans to prove fully successful, we will first need a broader understanding of the role that apex predators play in creating healthy ecosystems and why healthy ecosystems are needed by people. In other words, there must be a broader understanding of \u003cstrong>why \u003c/strong>saving wolves is essential to sustainable living. Greater public will to save wolves will result in increased public spending needed to conduct science and carry out sound management actions. For example, we need more research on improving ranching practices to minimize wolf predation of livestock, and insurance programs that compensate ranchers for unavoidable losses. There is already good evidence from pilot efforts that such research and management programs are possible -- and that they work!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why should people care about the fate of wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The fate of wolves is tied directly to the greatest challenge facing humankind this century -- sustainable living! With more than seven billion people consuming resources at an accelerating pace, this generation of world citizens must transform our societies to sustainable ones. We must, among other things, protect a wide variety of animal and plant species -- scientists call this “biodiversity.” Many conservation scientists believe that apex predators (animals at the top of the food chain), like wolves, are necessary to maintain habitats rich in life. In turn, high levels of biodiversity bring many direct benefits to people -- everything from providing food and fiber to protecting water supplies and enriching recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67904 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist 1\" width=\"367\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499.jpg 1133w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-400x330.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-800x661.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Scientist-1-e1393525853499-960x793.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Aaron Wirsing for the University of Washington (right) and graduate student Justin Dellinger (left) radio collar deer with video cameras in order to better understand predator-prey dynamics. Photo courtesy of Greg Davis.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Understanding the links between apex predators and biodiversity is a growing area of research for scientists like Aaron Wirsing of the University of Washington. Since 2008, wolves have been returning to Washington and have reestablished populations in the U.S. northern Rockies. This has provided a unique research opportunity for Wirsing and other scientists. For example, deer populations in Washington have likely over-browsed plants for decades in the absence of gray wolves. One consequence of deer eating trees along streambeds is less habitat for birds, and streams that are more likely to harbor fewer cold-water fish like trout because they are filled with sediments from soil erosion and overheated because of lack of shade. With wolves back in the state, Wirsing is leading a study to document how wolves are changing mule and white-tail deer populations, which in turn affects forest landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you care about wolves?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>I care about wolves because as apex predators they contribute significantly to enriching biodiversity needed by people for sustainable living. I also care about wolves because I admire them! Wolves are amazing for many reasons, but I am especially fascinated by their complex social behavior and adaptable lifestyles, two traits that they share with humans. Also, one of the most important reasons I care is that wild wolves in the U.S. are a symbolic way of keeping our American heritage of wilderness alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources/Links:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolf information from US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/gray_wolf/\" target=\"_blank\">Wolves in Washington State\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Living with Wolves\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://westernwildlife.org/gray-wolf-outreach-project/\" target=\"_blank\">Gray Wolf Outreach Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.zoo.org/coexisting-with-carnivores#.Uyh3a_ldV8E\" target=\"_blank\">Seattle Woodland Park Zoo's \"Coexisting With Carnivores\" School Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/66669/wolves-and-the-ecology-of-fear","authors":["10446","10425"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_68","quest_12556","quest_326","quest_12553","quest_12685","quest_12665","quest_12666","quest_10120","quest_12608","quest_12269","quest_12664","quest_2275","quest_2291","quest_12146","quest_2893","quest_12678","quest_3071","quest_3821","quest_3178","quest_12161"],"featImg":"quest_67886","label":"quest"},"quest_31936":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_31936","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"31936","score":null,"sort":[1330723098000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns","title":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns ","publishDate":1330723098,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-05-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31938\" title=\"WolfOFG\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wolf from OR7's pack in Oregon. (Image: Oregon Department of Fish and Game)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. OR7’s trek made him the first wolf in California in almost 90 years. Officials say it’s possible the wolf will continue to use both states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. Environmentalists want to see a wolf population restored in the state. For others, OR7 is not a welcome visitor. In Lassen County, where OR7 has spent the bulk of his time, wolf opposition is heating up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"If it's killing my cattle, I'm gonna kill it.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent county board of supervisors meeting in Susanville, a town in the state’s rural northeast corner, Fish and Game biologist Karen Kovacs takes the podium. “What we’re here today to do is just to share what we know about wolves in California,” she says to the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kovacs’ agency gets daily downloads about the two-year-old male wolf’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/wolf/\">location \u003c/a>through its radio collar. “Are there other wolves in California? That’s a $64 million dollar question,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there's one thing Kovacs has learned since OR7 arrived, it’s that wolves make people emotional. For several weeks, Kovacs and other wildlife officials have attended a number of public meetings about California’s wolf. In the state’s northern counties, the reaction has been vocal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The protection afforded something that doesn’t belong here in the first place doesn’t make any sense,” says Susanville resident Len Grizwold. “Be cautious, folks. They’re here to tell you there’s nothing to worry about,” says another resident. The reception from county supervisor and rancher Bob Pyle isn’t any warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t care what it is. If it’s killing my cattle, I’m gonna kill it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any wolf in California is considered endangered,” responds Susan Moore of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “And if you should take it, kill it, it is a $100,000 fine or a year in jail, or both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment has followed wolves from the moment they were reintroduced in the West almost 20 years ago. In states like Idaho and Montana, where wolf populations have rebounded, there’s been an all-out war. Ranchers and hunters say wolves kill too many livestock and elk. Environmentalists see the wolf as a key part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, that debate has come to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the Wolf’s Trail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a quiet pine forest outside of Susanville, Kovacs and Fish and Game biologist Richard Callas walk through a light layer of snow. OR7 crossed a major highway nearby a few weeks ago, not far from where California’s last wolf was trapped and killed in 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31958\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31958\" title=\"Map\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see a larger map of where OR7 has traveled.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The way we find his tracks is because they’re pretty darn big,” says Kovacs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OR7’s exact location is secret to protect the wolf, but once he leaves an area, Kovacs and Callas go in to see what he’s been eating. “We know that OR7 has fed on two deer. We don’t know if he killed them or scavenged them,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life isn’t easy for a wolf on his own. But there’s a reason OR7 has traveled 2,000 miles since he left his pack in Oregon last September. “His love life hasn’t been much to brag about lately,” Callas says. “But he’s certainly looking for a mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other states, it’s taken about 10 years for a pack to be established after the first wolf showed up. But biologists aren’t sure how successful wolves will be here. “Our elk population is smaller than some state like Montana, Colorado and Wyoming. Our deer numbers were lower than they were,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Oregon’s wolf packs live hundreds of miles from the border, it could be some time before another wolf wanders this way. But for the Department of Fish and Game, that may not matter. Groups on both sides are calling for some kind of plan to manage wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are entities out there who are ready to litigate at the drop of a hat,” says Kovacs. “Can we get those stakeholders here in California to the table to collectively meet to move forward?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Ranchers Concerned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31954\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31954\" title=\"Ranch\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR7 wandered close to Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a cold morning at Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville, Jack Hanson is getting ready to feed 300 hungry cattle. A few weeks ago, OR7 wasn’t far from here. “About 17 or 18 miles as the crow flies,” says Hanson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson says it’s not OR7 that’s he’s worried about. It’s that wolf populations could grow. In other states, some ranchers are trying out tools to deter wolves, like special fencing and loud noises. Some even get text messages when wolves are close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most ranchers see wolves as one more thing to deal with in an already tough industry, says Hanson. Still, he wants to be part of the discussion. “We’ll be able to have a dialogue with agencies. I don’t think it will ever come to exactly where we want it, which is not to have them back in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State and Federal Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves are currently protected in California under the federal Endangered Species Act, but several environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-02-27-2012.html\">are petitioning\u003c/a> the state to protect them under California law as well. That would require the Department of Fish and Game to figure out how many wolves belong in California and how they’ll recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is also considering whether to specially protect California wolves. Populations in Idaho, Montana and parts of Oregon and Washington have already been taken off the endangered species list but this week, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-03-01-2012.html\">agency recommended\u003c/a> removing protection for wolves in some of the remaining parts of the lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wolves may still be protected, however. Fish and Wildlife is considering whether to \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservationnw.org/wildlife-habitat/pacific-northwest-gray-wolf-protection-status-review\">specially protect wolves\u003c/a> in parts of Oregon, Washington and California. If so, the agency would consider writing a recovery plan for what would be known as the Pacific Northwest population. That decision is due by September 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t see California as being essential to the recovery of wolves. It’s not prime wolf habitat,” says Dan Ashe, director of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “But certainly, wolves will move hopefully in the future and will find some hospitable territory in California. Some may establish themselves there, but hopefully they’ll be well-managed under state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weathering the Debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is: can California avoid the battles that other states have seen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I don’t think so,” says Ed Bangs, the recently retired Wolf Recovery Coordinator at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He’s been in the middle of the Western wolf debate for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to remember wolves and wolf management has nothing to do with reality. I mean we can give you facts, you know all this biology stuff. That isn’t what people talk about. They’re talking about what wolves mean to them symbolically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks that debate isn’t necessarily a bad thing. “Imagine if it was the way it was before when no one cared at all about natural resources or wildlife. Apathy is a lot worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 30 years ago, there were only a handful of gray wolves in the West. Today, there are more than 1,600.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753701,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1411},"headData":{"title":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns | KQED","description":"OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns ","datePublished":"2012-03-02T21:18:18.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:48:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"31936 http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/02/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns/","disqusTitle":"Lone Wolf’s Historic Trek Provokes Questions and Concerns ","path":"/quest/31936/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-05-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/03/2012-03-05-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31938\" title=\"WolfOFG\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/WolfOFG-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wolf from OR7's pack in Oregon. (Image: Oregon Department of Fish and Game)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>OR7, the lone gray wolf from a pack in Oregon, crossed back into his home state yesterday after two months of wandering in Northern California. OR7’s trek made him the first wolf in California in almost 90 years. Officials say it’s possible the wolf will continue to use both states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, California has been thrown into a national debate about how to manage wolves. Environmentalists want to see a wolf population restored in the state. For others, OR7 is not a welcome visitor. In Lassen County, where OR7 has spent the bulk of his time, wolf opposition is heating up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"If it's killing my cattle, I'm gonna kill it.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent county board of supervisors meeting in Susanville, a town in the state’s rural northeast corner, Fish and Game biologist Karen Kovacs takes the podium. “What we’re here today to do is just to share what we know about wolves in California,” she says to the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kovacs’ agency gets daily downloads about the two-year-old male wolf’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/wolf/\">location \u003c/a>through its radio collar. “Are there other wolves in California? That’s a $64 million dollar question,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there's one thing Kovacs has learned since OR7 arrived, it’s that wolves make people emotional. For several weeks, Kovacs and other wildlife officials have attended a number of public meetings about California’s wolf. In the state’s northern counties, the reaction has been vocal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The protection afforded something that doesn’t belong here in the first place doesn’t make any sense,” says Susanville resident Len Grizwold. “Be cautious, folks. They’re here to tell you there’s nothing to worry about,” says another resident. The reception from county supervisor and rancher Bob Pyle isn’t any warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t care what it is. If it’s killing my cattle, I’m gonna kill it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any wolf in California is considered endangered,” responds Susan Moore of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “And if you should take it, kill it, it is a $100,000 fine or a year in jail, or both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment has followed wolves from the moment they were reintroduced in the West almost 20 years ago. In states like Idaho and Montana, where wolf populations have rebounded, there’s been an all-out war. Ranchers and hunters say wolves kill too many livestock and elk. Environmentalists see the wolf as a key part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With OR7’s arrival, that debate has come to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the Wolf’s Trail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a quiet pine forest outside of Susanville, Kovacs and Fish and Game biologist Richard Callas walk through a light layer of snow. OR7 crossed a major highway nearby a few weeks ago, not far from where California’s last wolf was trapped and killed in 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31958\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=42104&inline=true\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31958\" title=\"Map\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see a larger map of where OR7 has traveled.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The way we find his tracks is because they’re pretty darn big,” says Kovacs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OR7’s exact location is secret to protect the wolf, but once he leaves an area, Kovacs and Callas go in to see what he’s been eating. “We know that OR7 has fed on two deer. We don’t know if he killed them or scavenged them,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life isn’t easy for a wolf on his own. But there’s a reason OR7 has traveled 2,000 miles since he left his pack in Oregon last September. “His love life hasn’t been much to brag about lately,” Callas says. “But he’s certainly looking for a mate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other states, it’s taken about 10 years for a pack to be established after the first wolf showed up. But biologists aren’t sure how successful wolves will be here. “Our elk population is smaller than some state like Montana, Colorado and Wyoming. Our deer numbers were lower than they were,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Oregon’s wolf packs live hundreds of miles from the border, it could be some time before another wolf wanders this way. But for the Department of Fish and Game, that may not matter. Groups on both sides are calling for some kind of plan to manage wolves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are entities out there who are ready to litigate at the drop of a hat,” says Kovacs. “Can we get those stakeholders here in California to the table to collectively meet to move forward?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Ranchers Concerned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31954\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-31954\" title=\"Ranch\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/DSC00093.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR7 wandered close to Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a cold morning at Willow Creek Ranch outside of Susanville, Jack Hanson is getting ready to feed 300 hungry cattle. A few weeks ago, OR7 wasn’t far from here. “About 17 or 18 miles as the crow flies,” says Hanson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson says it’s not OR7 that’s he’s worried about. It’s that wolf populations could grow. In other states, some ranchers are trying out tools to deter wolves, like special fencing and loud noises. Some even get text messages when wolves are close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most ranchers see wolves as one more thing to deal with in an already tough industry, says Hanson. Still, he wants to be part of the discussion. “We’ll be able to have a dialogue with agencies. I don’t think it will ever come to exactly where we want it, which is not to have them back in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State and Federal Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves are currently protected in California under the federal Endangered Species Act, but several environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-02-27-2012.html\">are petitioning\u003c/a> the state to protect them under California law as well. That would require the Department of Fish and Game to figure out how many wolves belong in California and how they’ll recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is also considering whether to specially protect California wolves. Populations in Idaho, Montana and parts of Oregon and Washington have already been taken off the endangered species list but this week, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2012/wolves-03-01-2012.html\">agency recommended\u003c/a> removing protection for wolves in some of the remaining parts of the lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wolves may still be protected, however. Fish and Wildlife is considering whether to \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservationnw.org/wildlife-habitat/pacific-northwest-gray-wolf-protection-status-review\">specially protect wolves\u003c/a> in parts of Oregon, Washington and California. If so, the agency would consider writing a recovery plan for what would be known as the Pacific Northwest population. That decision is due by September 30th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t see California as being essential to the recovery of wolves. It’s not prime wolf habitat,” says Dan Ashe, director of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. “But certainly, wolves will move hopefully in the future and will find some hospitable territory in California. Some may establish themselves there, but hopefully they’ll be well-managed under state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weathering the Debate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is: can California avoid the battles that other states have seen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I don’t think so,” says Ed Bangs, the recently retired Wolf Recovery Coordinator at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He’s been in the middle of the Western wolf debate for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to remember wolves and wolf management has nothing to do with reality. I mean we can give you facts, you know all this biology stuff. That isn’t what people talk about. They’re talking about what wolves mean to them symbolically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he thinks that debate isn’t necessarily a bad thing. “Imagine if it was the way it was before when no one cared at all about natural resources or wildlife. Apathy is a lot worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 30 years ago, there were only a handful of gray wolves in the West. Today, there are more than 1,600.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/31936/lone-wolf%e2%80%99s-historic-trek-provokes-questions-and-concerns","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_326","quest_684","quest_10749","quest_10120","quest_980","quest_13198","quest_1419","quest_13203","quest_13202","quest_10611","quest_3728","quest_3155","quest_3177","quest_3178"],"featImg":"quest_31938","label":"quest"},"quest_17351":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17351","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17351","score":null,"sort":[1174444200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"elk-return-to-the-bay-area","title":"Elk Return to the Bay Area","publishDate":1174444200,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"105b_elk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tule Elk once dominated the Bay Area landscape, but after the Gold Rush they were hunted to near extinction. Now thanks to naturalists and inspired ranchers, they are making a comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tule Elk once dominated the Bay Area landscape, but after the Gold Rush they were hunted to near extinction. Now thanks to naturalists and inspired ranchers, they are making a comeback.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1332446195,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":36},"headData":{"title":"Elk Return to the Bay Area | KQED","description":"Tule Elk once dominated the Bay Area landscape, but after the Gold Rush they were hunted to near extinction. 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