Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife RefugeDon Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge
The Great Migration
From Salt Ponds to Wetlands
Exploring Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge
Sponsored
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Understanding the routes these birds take, called \"flyways,\" helps conservation efforts and gives scientists better knowledge of global changes, both natural and man-made. QUEST heads out to the Pacific Flyway with California biologists to track the rhythm of migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/04/producers-notes-the-great-migration/\" target=\"_blank\">migratory birds and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For thousands of years and countless generations, migratory birds have flown the same long-distance paths between their breeding and feeding grounds. Understanding the routes these birds take, called \"flyways,\" helps conservation efforts and gives scientists better knowledge of global changes, both natural and man-made. QUEST heads out to the Pacific Flyway with California biologists to track the rhythm of migration.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457713146,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":77},"headData":{"title":"The Great Migration | KQED","description":"For thousands of years and countless generations, migratory birds have flown the same long-distance paths between their breeding and feeding grounds. Understanding the routes these birds take, called "flyways," helps conservation efforts and gives scientists better knowledge of global changes, both natural and man-made. QUEST heads out to the Pacific Flyway with California biologists to track the rhythm of migration.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Great Migration","datePublished":"2010-05-06T02:30:00.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-11T16:19:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17519 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/05/the-great-migration/","disqusTitle":"The Great Migration","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhwBDjfWr_M","path":"/quest/17519/the-great-migration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For thousands of years and countless generations, migratory birds have flown the same long-distance paths between their breeding and feeding grounds. Understanding the routes these birds take, called \"flyways,\" helps conservation efforts and gives scientists better knowledge of global changes, both natural and man-made. QUEST heads out to the Pacific Flyway with California biologists to track the rhythm of migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Learn more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/05/04/producers-notes-the-great-migration/\" target=\"_blank\">migratory birds and this video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17519/the-great-migration","authors":["10169","6176"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_9826","quest_3421","quest_3351","quest_2102","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2893","quest_3321","quest_10154","quest_3048"],"label":"quest"},"quest_17394":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17394","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17394","score":null,"sort":[1190169000000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-salt-ponds-to-wetlands","title":"From Salt Ponds to Wetlands","publishDate":1190169000,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3359,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"119a_salt_ponds\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 100 years, south San Francisco Bay has been a center for industrial salt production. Now federal and state biologists are working on a 40-year, $1 billion project to restore the ponds to healthy wetlands for fish, wildlife and public recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For more than 100 years, south San Francisco Bay has been a center for industrial salt production. Now federal and state biologists are working on a 40-year, $1 billion project to restore the ponds to healthy wetlands for fish, wildlife and public recreation. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366754121,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":49},"headData":{"title":"From Salt Ponds to Wetlands | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Salt Ponds to Wetlands","datePublished":"2007-09-19T02:30:00.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:55:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"17394 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/from-salt-ponds-to-wetlands/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/09/18/from-salt-ponds-to-wetlands/","disqusTitle":"From Salt Ponds to Wetlands","path":"/quest/17394/from-salt-ponds-to-wetlands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"119a_salt_ponds\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 100 years, south San Francisco Bay has been a center for industrial salt production. Now federal and state biologists are working on a 40-year, $1 billion project to restore the ponds to healthy wetlands for fish, wildlife and public recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/17394/from-salt-ponds-to-wetlands","authors":["10169","10193"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_5","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_9791","quest_3421","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2483","quest_2893","quest_3140"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"label":"quest_3359"},"quest_15222":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_15222","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"15222","score":null,"sort":[1174357171000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration","title":"Exploring Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge","publishDate":1174357171,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>Alviso Slough Trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alviso Marina Park\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1195 Hope St. [\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Alviso+Marina+Park&sll=37.470266,-122.275885&sspn=0.024932,0.040169&ie=UTF8&latlng=37429241,-121979095,135255352268568321&ei=xpnBRcPiNZzCiQO8zui3Bg&sig2=5dt6ntKAzT0AGQPJpAvw6A\">Directions\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nAlviso, CA 95002\u003cbr>\n(408) 262-6980\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation's first urban National Wildlife Refuge is a jewel on the San Francisco Bay. Its 30,000 acres of open bay, salt pond, salt marsh, mudflat, upland, and vernal pool habitats are constantly changing. It's a great place to hike or watch birds. It's also a great place to see up close how a salt pond is turned back into wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look around you. What do you see? hear? smell? Perhaps you'd be surprised to learn that there are hidden realms in this landscape, evidence of past human activity, even a mystery or two. A salt pond looks quite different from above. There are myriad species of organisms living in the rust-red, purple, or emerald green water. Here you'll discover clues to some of the stories this area has to tell about its ecology and its past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See if you can spot any of the birds, insects, or other animals that live in the dense stands of bulrushes. Later, during your hike, you can compare this restored marsh habitat to some salt pond habitats. There's a lot that scientists don't know, too. Maybe you can help find some of the answers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit the marsh during the spring or fall migratory seasons and you might see brandt, pintails, mallards, or canvasbacks. Other water birds that feed and live here include herons, seagulls, avocets, and stilts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special Thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">The Exploratorium\u003c/a> for connecting QUEST with Dr. Wayne Lanier and Cris Benton, of the Hidden Ecologies blog. Hidden Ecologies is part of the Exploratorium's \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/id/\">Invisible Dynamics\u003c/a> project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who Needs Wetlands?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/89/329325425_d0f4960e0b_m.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/span> Everyone needs wetlands. Even though humans considered them wasteland in the past, today we know wetlands are among the most complex, unique, and necessary communities in nature. Much of the life on Earth depends on their existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal wetlands serve many important functions. They provide food and shelter to enormous numbers of fish, migratory birds, and other wildlife, including many endangered species. They put nutrients into the oceans. They offer protection to juvenile fish and other species. They buffer storm surges and prevent flooding and shoreline erosion. They also filter pollutants and particles out of the water and help to keep it clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making Salt from Bay Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salt makes up about 2.5 percent of the bay's water. By collecting the water in ponds and allowing the water to evaporate, you end up with salt and some other mineral byproducts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During high tide, bay water floods over the levees and into the first of a series of salt concentrator ponds. The sun slowly evaporates the water, making it saltier and saltier. Salt crystals begin to form when the salt concentration reaches 25.8 percent. The water is moved from one pond to the next as its salinity increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salt concentration is carefully controlled in each pond. When all the water is gone, each pond holds a bed of salt five to eight inches deep. The salt is then harvested, purified, and packaged for farm, industry, and home use. It takes about five years to go from bay water to harvested salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Are the Ponds Green, Pink, and Orange?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/337893086/in/album-72157594443594563/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103921\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-103921\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge Exploration\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From above, these ghostly vestigial channels have been frozen in place since the wetlands were diked. Their shapes are memories of the tidal ebb and flow, evident in the water they retain or the salt left behind when they dry out for the season. \u003ccite>(Cris Benton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salt is usually white, right? Out here, the salt ponds can be red, pink, orange, or deep green! The giant blocks of bright colors aren't salt but the colorful life forms that live in very salty water. Different organisms thrive in different salt concentrations. The color of each pond changes as the water evaporates and the pond becomes more saline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/179/364994271_700b8aa716_m.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span> Dunaliella algae can live in water with low salinity. They turn the salt green.Archaebacteria turn the salt pink or red. These can even live in completely dry salt crystals. At moderate to high salt levels, tiny brine shrimp turn the salt orange. Their orange color comes from substances, called carotenoids, that give tomatoes, carrots, and pink flamingos their bright colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Turning Salt Ponds Back into Wetlands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/335700510/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/67/335700510_eabb5a1f55_m.jpg\" alt=\"Alviso - remnant of waterway from before levee was breached\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> To create wetlands where there now are salt ponds, the levees enclosing the ponds must be opened, or breached, to allow the tidal water to once again flow in and out. Tidal circulation transports and mixes decomposing plant matter, other nutrients, and oxygen, and helps to turn the marshland into one big smorgasbord for wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is the third-largest wetlands restoration project in the country and the largest on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2004, ten salt ponds were opened, with nine more in March 2005. In October 2006, a levee was broken open near the ghost town of Drawbridge. The area you see (where) is slowly turning back into wetlands. Already the numbers of waterfowl and shorebirds, such as sandpipers and wigeons, and have increased dramatically. Experts estimate that it will take decades for mature wetland habitats to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns and Challenges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It takes a lot of work to restore and protect salt marshes. These vitally important habitats face dangers from encroaching development to aggressive non-native species to pollution. Many of the species that are native to salt marshes are threatened or endangered because their territory and food supplies are disappearing. People are working hard to reverse the damage caused here by past human activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Studying Wetlands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmrosa/329323968/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/148/329323968_d387abf87a_m.jpg\" alt=\"Alviso - 3 samples, 3 ecosystems, 3 colors\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> The wetlands restoration projects in the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is a large one by any measure. But one of its most important features is its urban context. Surrounded by communities and industry, this project gives millions of people an up close and personal look at maturing, developing wetland habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not a lot is known about how a salt pond turns back into a mature wetland, but many people are interested in documenting the process. Much was learned with the restoration of the 200-acre LaRiviere marsh to the east, near the Visitor Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Wetland's Smallest Inhabitants\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some of the most important inhabitants of wetlands-- and the planet-- are so tiny you can't see them individually, but, collectively, they make up a huge portion of the biomass on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bacteria Are Your Friends\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Out of the 100 million or so species of bacteria on Earth only about 100 are known to be harmful to humans. While bacteria are often just associated with disease and dirt, quite the reverse is true. You couldn't live without them! Right now there are hundreds of millions of bacterial cells living in your digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because they're found in such large numbers, and in habitats ranging from ice caps to hot springs, it's not too surprising that bacteria are plentiful in wetlands. Some of the bacteria found along the Alviso Slough trail include cyanobacteria, aquatic organisms that manufacture their own food through photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cyanobacteria\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmrosa/329319205/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/149/329319205_ed8e54f00d_m.jpg\" alt=\"sampling cyanobacteria II\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> Biologist Wayne Lanier says, \"Every time you take a breath, you should say, 'Thank you, cyanobacteria!'\" Cyanobacteria are one of the largest and most important types of bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 3.5 billion years ago, there wasn't much oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. When cyanobacteria developed during the Archaean and Proterozoic Eras, they were the big guys on the block--the \"dinosaurs\" of their day. The dramatic increase in oxygen in the atmosphere generated by these organisms shaped the course of evolution, allowing much larger creatures, such as trilobites--and mammals--to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patch of cyanobacteria is sometimes referred to as \"blue-green algae,\" but they aren't related to algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Consequences of Habitat Change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Changing any habitat affects wildlife. In fact, one of the main arguments against restoring all of the ponds back to tidal marsh is the need to preserve some of the familiar salty habitat--the shorebirds are used to it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some salt ponds will remain, not just to produce salt but also to provide essential habitat and shelter for dozens of species of birds, particularly during stormy weather. California's coast has been dredged and developed for years, decreasing the acreage of protected flats like the salt ponds. These ponds are critical resting places for migrating species like the Western sandpiper.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>South Bay Wetlands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/338029816/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/126/338029816_a85b598923_m.jpg\" alt=\"8a. Salt Pond #A15 (across from weep)\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> Centuries ago, the salt marshes and other wetlands surrounding the bay were much larger. Many were filled in to make more room for development. Levees closed off other wetlands to make salt evaporation ponds. The first salt ponds were created in the bay in 1854. By the late twentieth century only 10 percent of the bay's original wetlands remained, and many of those were in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the state of California, the federal government, and private donors purchased from Cargill Salt 16,500 acres of salt ponds, an area about half the size of San Francisco. Over the next several decades, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project will return most of the ponds to native wetland habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmrosa/329318105/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/126/329318105_bfa9e707cb_m.jpg\" alt=\"The group heading out to the sampling sites, hello Amtrak\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> There are lots of volunteer opportunities at the Refuge Headquarters and Visitor Center in Fremont, the Environmental Education Center in Alviso, the Native Plant Nursery, and many of the satellite refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Don_Edwards_San_Francisco_Bay/volunteer.html\">the volunteer page\u003c/a> or call the Volunteer Program Coordinator at (510) 792-0222.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/99988021@N00\">Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The nation's first urban National Wildlife Refuge, it's 30,000 acres of open bay, salt pond, salt marsh, mudflat, upland, and vernal pool habitats are constantly changing.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450232147,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.everytrail.com/guide/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/map"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1599},"headData":{"title":"Exploring Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Exploring Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge","datePublished":"2007-03-20T02:19:31.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-16T02:15:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15222 http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/19/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/","disqusTitle":"Exploring Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge","source":"Science Hike","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/science-hike/","WpOldSlug":"duplicate-of-exploring-mt-diablo-state-park","path":"/quest/15222/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Alviso Slough Trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alviso Marina Park\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1195 Hope St. [\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Alviso+Marina+Park&sll=37.470266,-122.275885&sspn=0.024932,0.040169&ie=UTF8&latlng=37429241,-121979095,135255352268568321&ei=xpnBRcPiNZzCiQO8zui3Bg&sig2=5dt6ntKAzT0AGQPJpAvw6A\">Directions\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nAlviso, CA 95002\u003cbr>\n(408) 262-6980\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation's first urban National Wildlife Refuge is a jewel on the San Francisco Bay. Its 30,000 acres of open bay, salt pond, salt marsh, mudflat, upland, and vernal pool habitats are constantly changing. It's a great place to hike or watch birds. It's also a great place to see up close how a salt pond is turned back into wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look around you. What do you see? hear? smell? Perhaps you'd be surprised to learn that there are hidden realms in this landscape, evidence of past human activity, even a mystery or two. A salt pond looks quite different from above. There are myriad species of organisms living in the rust-red, purple, or emerald green water. Here you'll discover clues to some of the stories this area has to tell about its ecology and its past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See if you can spot any of the birds, insects, or other animals that live in the dense stands of bulrushes. Later, during your hike, you can compare this restored marsh habitat to some salt pond habitats. There's a lot that scientists don't know, too. Maybe you can help find some of the answers!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit the marsh during the spring or fall migratory seasons and you might see brandt, pintails, mallards, or canvasbacks. Other water birds that feed and live here include herons, seagulls, avocets, and stilts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special Thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">The Exploratorium\u003c/a> for connecting QUEST with Dr. Wayne Lanier and Cris Benton, of the Hidden Ecologies blog. Hidden Ecologies is part of the Exploratorium's \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/id/\">Invisible Dynamics\u003c/a> project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who Needs Wetlands?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/89/329325425_d0f4960e0b_m.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/span> Everyone needs wetlands. Even though humans considered them wasteland in the past, today we know wetlands are among the most complex, unique, and necessary communities in nature. Much of the life on Earth depends on their existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal wetlands serve many important functions. They provide food and shelter to enormous numbers of fish, migratory birds, and other wildlife, including many endangered species. They put nutrients into the oceans. They offer protection to juvenile fish and other species. They buffer storm surges and prevent flooding and shoreline erosion. They also filter pollutants and particles out of the water and help to keep it clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making Salt from Bay Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salt makes up about 2.5 percent of the bay's water. By collecting the water in ponds and allowing the water to evaporate, you end up with salt and some other mineral byproducts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During high tide, bay water floods over the levees and into the first of a series of salt concentrator ponds. The sun slowly evaporates the water, making it saltier and saltier. Salt crystals begin to form when the salt concentration reaches 25.8 percent. The water is moved from one pond to the next as its salinity increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salt concentration is carefully controlled in each pond. When all the water is gone, each pond holds a bed of salt five to eight inches deep. The salt is then harvested, purified, and packaged for farm, industry, and home use. It takes about five years to go from bay water to harvested salt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Are the Ponds Green, Pink, and Orange?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/337893086/in/album-72157594443594563/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-103921\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-103921\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge Exploration\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2007/03/337893086_a4ca3cb60b_o.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From above, these ghostly vestigial channels have been frozen in place since the wetlands were diked. Their shapes are memories of the tidal ebb and flow, evident in the water they retain or the salt left behind when they dry out for the season. \u003ccite>(Cris Benton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salt is usually white, right? Out here, the salt ponds can be red, pink, orange, or deep green! The giant blocks of bright colors aren't salt but the colorful life forms that live in very salty water. Different organisms thrive in different salt concentrations. The color of each pond changes as the water evaporates and the pond becomes more saline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/179/364994271_700b8aa716_m.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span> Dunaliella algae can live in water with low salinity. They turn the salt green.Archaebacteria turn the salt pink or red. These can even live in completely dry salt crystals. At moderate to high salt levels, tiny brine shrimp turn the salt orange. Their orange color comes from substances, called carotenoids, that give tomatoes, carrots, and pink flamingos their bright colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Turning Salt Ponds Back into Wetlands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/335700510/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/67/335700510_eabb5a1f55_m.jpg\" alt=\"Alviso - remnant of waterway from before levee was breached\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> To create wetlands where there now are salt ponds, the levees enclosing the ponds must be opened, or breached, to allow the tidal water to once again flow in and out. Tidal circulation transports and mixes decomposing plant matter, other nutrients, and oxygen, and helps to turn the marshland into one big smorgasbord for wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project is the third-largest wetlands restoration project in the country and the largest on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2004, ten salt ponds were opened, with nine more in March 2005. In October 2006, a levee was broken open near the ghost town of Drawbridge. The area you see (where) is slowly turning back into wetlands. Already the numbers of waterfowl and shorebirds, such as sandpipers and wigeons, and have increased dramatically. Experts estimate that it will take decades for mature wetland habitats to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns and Challenges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It takes a lot of work to restore and protect salt marshes. These vitally important habitats face dangers from encroaching development to aggressive non-native species to pollution. Many of the species that are native to salt marshes are threatened or endangered because their territory and food supplies are disappearing. People are working hard to reverse the damage caused here by past human activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Studying Wetlands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmrosa/329323968/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/148/329323968_d387abf87a_m.jpg\" alt=\"Alviso - 3 samples, 3 ecosystems, 3 colors\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> The wetlands restoration projects in the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is a large one by any measure. But one of its most important features is its urban context. Surrounded by communities and industry, this project gives millions of people an up close and personal look at maturing, developing wetland habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not a lot is known about how a salt pond turns back into a mature wetland, but many people are interested in documenting the process. Much was learned with the restoration of the 200-acre LaRiviere marsh to the east, near the Visitor Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Wetland's Smallest Inhabitants\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some of the most important inhabitants of wetlands-- and the planet-- are so tiny you can't see them individually, but, collectively, they make up a huge portion of the biomass on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bacteria Are Your Friends\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Out of the 100 million or so species of bacteria on Earth only about 100 are known to be harmful to humans. While bacteria are often just associated with disease and dirt, quite the reverse is true. You couldn't live without them! Right now there are hundreds of millions of bacterial cells living in your digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because they're found in such large numbers, and in habitats ranging from ice caps to hot springs, it's not too surprising that bacteria are plentiful in wetlands. Some of the bacteria found along the Alviso Slough trail include cyanobacteria, aquatic organisms that manufacture their own food through photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cyanobacteria\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmrosa/329319205/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/149/329319205_ed8e54f00d_m.jpg\" alt=\"sampling cyanobacteria II\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> Biologist Wayne Lanier says, \"Every time you take a breath, you should say, 'Thank you, cyanobacteria!'\" Cyanobacteria are one of the largest and most important types of bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 3.5 billion years ago, there wasn't much oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. When cyanobacteria developed during the Archaean and Proterozoic Eras, they were the big guys on the block--the \"dinosaurs\" of their day. The dramatic increase in oxygen in the atmosphere generated by these organisms shaped the course of evolution, allowing much larger creatures, such as trilobites--and mammals--to develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patch of cyanobacteria is sometimes referred to as \"blue-green algae,\" but they aren't related to algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Consequences of Habitat Change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Changing any habitat affects wildlife. In fact, one of the main arguments against restoring all of the ponds back to tidal marsh is the need to preserve some of the familiar salty habitat--the shorebirds are used to it!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some salt ponds will remain, not just to produce salt but also to provide essential habitat and shelter for dozens of species of birds, particularly during stormy weather. California's coast has been dredged and developed for years, decreasing the acreage of protected flats like the salt ponds. These ponds are critical resting places for migrating species like the Western sandpiper.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>South Bay Wetlands\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/338029816/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/126/338029816_a85b598923_m.jpg\" alt=\"8a. Salt Pond #A15 (across from weep)\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> Centuries ago, the salt marshes and other wetlands surrounding the bay were much larger. Many were filled in to make more room for development. Levees closed off other wetlands to make salt evaporation ponds. The first salt ponds were created in the bay in 1854. By the late twentieth century only 10 percent of the bay's original wetlands remained, and many of those were in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the state of California, the federal government, and private donors purchased from Cargill Salt 16,500 acres of salt ponds, an area about half the size of San Francisco. Over the next several decades, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project will return most of the ponds to native wetland habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"Photo Sharing\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cmrosa/329318105/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/126/329318105_bfa9e707cb_m.jpg\" alt=\"The group heading out to the sampling sites, hello Amtrak\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span> There are lots of volunteer opportunities at the Refuge Headquarters and Visitor Center in Fremont, the Environmental Education Center in Alviso, the Native Plant Nursery, and many of the satellite refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Don_Edwards_San_Francisco_Bay/volunteer.html\">the volunteer page\u003c/a> or call the Volunteer Program Coordinator at (510) 792-0222.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/99988021@N00\">Don Edwards SF Bay National Wildlife Refuge photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/15222/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration","authors":["6166"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_3421","quest_1577","quest_3351","quest_2093","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_13","quest_2483","quest_2486","quest_2493","quest_2530","quest_13434","quest_3311"],"collections":["quest_3359"],"featImg":"quest_15250","label":"source_quest_15222"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. 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