Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Is Nail Biting a Pathology? Or Just a Bad Habit?
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Standen","firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Standen","slug":"amystanden","email":"astanden@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amy Standen | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amystanden"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_44015":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_44015","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"44015","score":null,"sort":[1347649221000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-nail-biting-a-pathology-or-just-a-bad-habit","title":"Is Nail Biting a Pathology? Or Just a Bad Habit?","publishDate":1347649221,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44025\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mice.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-44025\" title='\"OCD\" Mice' src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mice-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mice bred with a Slitrk5 mutation groom themselves compulsively. Video still courtesy of Nature and Francis Lee\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The field of psychiatry is going through major changes this year. For the first time in almost two decades, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, as people in the field call it, is getting \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/DSMVOverview.aspx\">an overhaul\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the proposed changes: a new category called \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/proposedrevision/Pages/Obsessive-CompulsiveandRelatedDisorders.aspx\">Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders\u003c/a>. It would include not just OCD, but other, more common, disorders, including one I know all too well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m a nail biter. And I can tell you the exact moment I became one. I was six years old, watching my mom get dressed for work. As she paused to mull something over, she chewed on the nail of her index finger. How cool! How grown-up, I thought. I think I’ll try it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I never stopped. In fact, for 30 years, I bit them to the nubs. It was embarrassing. For me, it’s like wearing your neuroses on your sleeve. At parties, I learned to wrap my fingers all the way around my wine glass, so that my nails faced my chest. I hated filling out forms in public places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, recently, something happened that made me finally quit biting my nails. I’ll get to that in a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I was feeling pretty pleased with myself when I spread my hands out in front of Carol Matthews. She’s a psychiatrist at the University of California San Francisco.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"Pathological Grooming\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I can see you’re a nail biter,” she told me. Your cuticles are pushed back and you have the bumpiness you see with chronic nail biters. But it’s not bad. It looks like you’re a recovered nail biter, is what I’d say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews specializes in pathological grooming, a group of behaviors that includes nail biting, although nail biters rarely come in for treatment. She says the patients she sees the most are the trichotillomaniacs, people who pull their hair out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://www.trich.org/\">Trichotillomania\u003c/a> is the most socially visible,” says Matthews. “It's much harder to hide the fact that you don't have eyebrows or that you have a big bald spot, so it’s much more distressing to people. Skin picking comes next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a sense, these behaviors stem from a normal, evolutionarily adaptive behavior: grooming. But in pathological groomers, those behaviors go haywire. Instead of being triggered by, say, a hangnail, a pathological nail-biter will be triggered by all sorts of things: driving, reading a book, or feeling anxious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From \"Not-Otherwise Classified\" to \"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently these pathological grooming behaviors were classified almost as an afterthought in the DSM: “Impulse-Control Disorders Not Otherwise Classified.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new DSM, the DSM-5, proposes \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/proposedrevision/Pages/Obsessive-CompulsiveandRelatedDisorders.aspx\">something different. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It creates a category called Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders that includes classic OCD behaviors, people who wash their hands compulsively or have to line up their shoes a certain way. The idea is to expand this group so that it includes not just OCD, but pathological grooming, as well as hoarding and several other disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not mean that insurance companies are going to raise premiums on nail biters, or issue policy-mandated manicures. (In fact nail biting, itself, isn’t even specifically mentioned in the DSM-5, because in the vast majority of cases, it’s not disabling enough to count as a “disorder.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new classification does give nail biters – and psychiatrists – another way to think about something that used to be considered simply a bad habit. And that raises some questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, says Mathews, “There’s always the worry of are we over-pathologizing normal behaviors. That’s always a worry with the DSM.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And does this grouping make sense?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nNail biting? It's a little bit fun. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, there are real differences between OCD and those of us who pick, pull, or bite, including one big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In OCD,” says Matthews, “the compulsion is really unwanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with OCD don’t want to be washing their hands, or checking the stove over and over again, she says. They’re terrified that if they don’t do it, something bad will happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the biters hair pullers and skin pickers? They tell a different story. Matthews says she hears this from her pathological groomers all the time: They enjoy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's rewarding. It feels good,” she says. “When you get the right nail, it feels good. It’s kind of a funny sense of reward, but it’s a reward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another consideration for the drafters of the DSM-5, when cataloguing all these disorders, is genetics. Are there genetic signatures that help explain both OCD and pathological grooming? Do the two behaviors share any genetic markers? And to what extent are these behaviors hereditary?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Meet the OCD mouse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francis Lee is a neuroscientist at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York. He studies mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, a colleague – another mouse guy -- came to Lee with a mystery: a mouse, bred with a specific gene mutation, that was behaving very oddly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was dumbstruck,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mouse was doing something Lee instantly recognized from his work as a psychiatrist, studying people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X88bMINXWs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was hunched over,” Lee says, “repetitively moving its front paws over its eyes and ears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In mice, as in many animals, such grooming behaviors are normal and healthy. But these mice were doing it at a completely different scale. Whereas normal mice might groom themselves for a couple of seconds, mice with this genetic mutation – the Slitrk5 deficiency – groom in bursts of 30 seconds or longer, then start all over again just seconds later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the mice groom so much, they give themselves bald spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They remove the hair from around their eyes. They actually look like they have little white rings around their eyes,” says Lee\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Lee, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=slitrk5%20deficiency\">published this work\u003c/a> in Nature Medicine in 2010, this mouse-brand of pathological grooming looks like OCD: a repetitive behavior that the mice are compelled to do. And just like people with OCD, these mice, he says, often exhibit high levels of anxiety and fearfulness. In fact, they’re some of the most fearful, risk-averse mice he’s ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee’s work shows that in mice, a single gene tweak can cause OCD-like symptoms, including over-grooming. Now, scientists are trying to find out whether the same mutations might contribute to OCD, or pathological-grooming, in people.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nThe (bitten) apple never falls far from the tree\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings me to the reason that I finally quit. My daughter Cora, age 3, recently started biting her own nails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked her about it, she explained, “I don’t want to put my fingers in my mouth. I just do it even though I don’t want to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mouse_close-up.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-44026\" title=\"OCD Mouse\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mouse_close-up-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I felt terrible about this. Either I’d waited too long to stop biting my nails and Cora had learned from watching me -- the same way I had, with my own mother -- or I'd passed on some pathological grooming gene that had her doomed from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse, I was making her feel bad about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m gonna stop doing it,” she told me. “Why?” I asked. “Because you don’t like me to, remember?\" she replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, these questions the DSM is grappling with are the same ones we parents have about our kids. Are our genes their destiny? What’s a bad habit, and what’s a pathology?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly revised DSM-5 will be \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdconferencefinder.com/US/California/San+Francisco/Medical-Conferences-2012/166th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Psychiatric+Association+APA+2013-2402.html\">released \u003c/a>in San Francisco in May 2013. Maybe around the time Cora’s own kids start biting their nails, she’ll have better answers than we do now.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nail biting -- like skin picking and hair tending -- stems from an evolutionarily adaptive behavior: grooming. But in \"pathological groomers,\" as they're known in in the world of psychiatry, that healthy urge goes haywire. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450490431,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":1385},"headData":{"title":"Is Nail Biting a Pathology? Or Just a Bad Habit? | KQED","description":"Nail biting -- like skin picking and hair tending -- stems from an evolutionarily adaptive behavior: grooming. But in "pathological groomers," as they're known in in the world of psychiatry, that healthy urge goes haywire. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is Nail Biting a Pathology? Or Just a Bad Habit?","datePublished":"2012-09-14T19:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:00:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"44015 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=44015","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/09/14/is-nail-biting-a-pathology-or-just-a-bad-habit/","disqusTitle":"Is Nail Biting a Pathology? Or Just a Bad Habit?","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/09/2012-09-17-quest.mp3","path":"/quest/44015/is-nail-biting-a-pathology-or-just-a-bad-habit","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_44025\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mice.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-44025\" title='\"OCD\" Mice' src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mice-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mice bred with a Slitrk5 mutation groom themselves compulsively. Video still courtesy of Nature and Francis Lee\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The field of psychiatry is going through major changes this year. For the first time in almost two decades, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, as people in the field call it, is getting \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/DSMVOverview.aspx\">an overhaul\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the proposed changes: a new category called \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/proposedrevision/Pages/Obsessive-CompulsiveandRelatedDisorders.aspx\">Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders\u003c/a>. It would include not just OCD, but other, more common, disorders, including one I know all too well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m a nail biter. And I can tell you the exact moment I became one. I was six years old, watching my mom get dressed for work. As she paused to mull something over, she chewed on the nail of her index finger. How cool! How grown-up, I thought. I think I’ll try it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I never stopped. In fact, for 30 years, I bit them to the nubs. It was embarrassing. For me, it’s like wearing your neuroses on your sleeve. At parties, I learned to wrap my fingers all the way around my wine glass, so that my nails faced my chest. I hated filling out forms in public places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, recently, something happened that made me finally quit biting my nails. I’ll get to that in a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I was feeling pretty pleased with myself when I spread my hands out in front of Carol Matthews. She’s a psychiatrist at the University of California San Francisco.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\"Pathological Grooming\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I can see you’re a nail biter,” she told me. Your cuticles are pushed back and you have the bumpiness you see with chronic nail biters. But it’s not bad. It looks like you’re a recovered nail biter, is what I’d say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews specializes in pathological grooming, a group of behaviors that includes nail biting, although nail biters rarely come in for treatment. She says the patients she sees the most are the trichotillomaniacs, people who pull their hair out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"http://www.trich.org/\">Trichotillomania\u003c/a> is the most socially visible,” says Matthews. “It's much harder to hide the fact that you don't have eyebrows or that you have a big bald spot, so it’s much more distressing to people. Skin picking comes next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a sense, these behaviors stem from a normal, evolutionarily adaptive behavior: grooming. But in pathological groomers, those behaviors go haywire. Instead of being triggered by, say, a hangnail, a pathological nail-biter will be triggered by all sorts of things: driving, reading a book, or feeling anxious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From \"Not-Otherwise Classified\" to \"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently these pathological grooming behaviors were classified almost as an afterthought in the DSM: “Impulse-Control Disorders Not Otherwise Classified.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new DSM, the DSM-5, proposes \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/proposedrevision/Pages/Obsessive-CompulsiveandRelatedDisorders.aspx\">something different. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It creates a category called Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders that includes classic OCD behaviors, people who wash their hands compulsively or have to line up their shoes a certain way. The idea is to expand this group so that it includes not just OCD, but pathological grooming, as well as hoarding and several other disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not mean that insurance companies are going to raise premiums on nail biters, or issue policy-mandated manicures. (In fact nail biting, itself, isn’t even specifically mentioned in the DSM-5, because in the vast majority of cases, it’s not disabling enough to count as a “disorder.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new classification does give nail biters – and psychiatrists – another way to think about something that used to be considered simply a bad habit. And that raises some questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, says Mathews, “There’s always the worry of are we over-pathologizing normal behaviors. That’s always a worry with the DSM.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And does this grouping make sense?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nNail biting? It's a little bit fun. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, there are real differences between OCD and those of us who pick, pull, or bite, including one big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In OCD,” says Matthews, “the compulsion is really unwanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with OCD don’t want to be washing their hands, or checking the stove over and over again, she says. They’re terrified that if they don’t do it, something bad will happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the biters hair pullers and skin pickers? They tell a different story. Matthews says she hears this from her pathological groomers all the time: They enjoy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's rewarding. It feels good,” she says. “When you get the right nail, it feels good. It’s kind of a funny sense of reward, but it’s a reward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another consideration for the drafters of the DSM-5, when cataloguing all these disorders, is genetics. Are there genetic signatures that help explain both OCD and pathological grooming? Do the two behaviors share any genetic markers? And to what extent are these behaviors hereditary?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Meet the OCD mouse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francis Lee is a neuroscientist at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York. He studies mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, a colleague – another mouse guy -- came to Lee with a mystery: a mouse, bred with a specific gene mutation, that was behaving very oddly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was dumbstruck,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mouse was doing something Lee instantly recognized from his work as a psychiatrist, studying people.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9X88bMINXWs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9X88bMINXWs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“It was hunched over,” Lee says, “repetitively moving its front paws over its eyes and ears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In mice, as in many animals, such grooming behaviors are normal and healthy. But these mice were doing it at a completely different scale. Whereas normal mice might groom themselves for a couple of seconds, mice with this genetic mutation – the Slitrk5 deficiency – groom in bursts of 30 seconds or longer, then start all over again just seconds later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the mice groom so much, they give themselves bald spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They remove the hair from around their eyes. They actually look like they have little white rings around their eyes,” says Lee\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Lee, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=slitrk5%20deficiency\">published this work\u003c/a> in Nature Medicine in 2010, this mouse-brand of pathological grooming looks like OCD: a repetitive behavior that the mice are compelled to do. And just like people with OCD, these mice, he says, often exhibit high levels of anxiety and fearfulness. In fact, they’re some of the most fearful, risk-averse mice he’s ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee’s work shows that in mice, a single gene tweak can cause OCD-like symptoms, including over-grooming. Now, scientists are trying to find out whether the same mutations might contribute to OCD, or pathological-grooming, in people.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nThe (bitten) apple never falls far from the tree\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings me to the reason that I finally quit. My daughter Cora, age 3, recently started biting her own nails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked her about it, she explained, “I don’t want to put my fingers in my mouth. I just do it even though I don’t want to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mouse_close-up.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-44026\" title=\"OCD Mouse\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/09/OCD-Mouse_close-up-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I felt terrible about this. Either I’d waited too long to stop biting my nails and Cora had learned from watching me -- the same way I had, with my own mother -- or I'd passed on some pathological grooming gene that had her doomed from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse, I was making her feel bad about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m gonna stop doing it,” she told me. “Why?” I asked. “Because you don’t like me to, remember?\" she replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, these questions the DSM is grappling with are the same ones we parents have about our kids. Are our genes their destiny? What’s a bad habit, and what’s a pathology?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly revised DSM-5 will be \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdconferencefinder.com/US/California/San+Francisco/Medical-Conferences-2012/166th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Psychiatric+Association+APA+2013-2402.html\">released \u003c/a>in San Francisco in May 2013. Maybe around the time Cora’s own kids start biting their nails, she’ll have better answers than we do now.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/44015/is-nail-biting-a-pathology-or-just-a-bad-habit","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_12","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11447","quest_11449","quest_3351","quest_11448","quest_13203","quest_11446","quest_11450","quest_11444","quest_2141","quest_11451","quest_2349","quest_13"],"featImg":"quest_44046","label":"source_quest_44015"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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