We Are the Desert: Tackling California's Water and Electricity Woes
Grazing a New Trail
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Bekker","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. 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A lifelong science and nature enthusiast, she built insect collections and solar-powered cars through high school before earning a BA in human development at UC San Diego, and an MA in strategic public relations at USC. In 4+ years at the Academy, she has discovered the importance of ants, the weight of a biodiversity map, and the value of a species survival program, and now sees the natural world in an entirely new light. 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Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is a wonderful state, and we in the Bay Area have the best of it, I think. But almost no place in the state exists in isolation any more. The twin engines of California civilization are electricity and water, and both of these are systems that integrate—or entangle, if you will—all corners of the state. As we approach the limits of our power and water, we will face some wrenching decisions with geological dimensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our electricity today comes mostly from fossil fuels, which will inevitably rise in cost as their sources are depleted. The long-term trend is toward renewable/sustainable energy sources, whether that's geothermal, wind or solar electricity. State law requires this energy sector to double in size in the next eight years. (The \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/electricity/\">California Energy Almanac\u003c/a> has the basics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar electricity is in the limelight these days because growth will be easiest there. The cheapest way to go, for an energy company, is to build solar power plants of the largest possible size on vacant land. That means the desert, and a corresponding network of transmission lines to the rest of the state. But there are good reasons for the rest of us to favor smaller, local projects. Since I focus on geology, I'll cite earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes demand resilient infrastructure: when the big power networks go down, as they surely will, we will need local backup. Where do we have too much sun? Parking lots. Imagine if every parking lot had a solar power generator on it. Heck, just imagine parking in the shade everywhere. Operating one of these small local generators is no more complicated than managing a small apartment building or a car-repair shop. Our residential roofs get too much sun, too, and the same act of imagination leads to the same conclusion there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is a different problem, because while electricity can be manufactured, water cannot. Geologists have long known, from paleo-environmental studies, that California has had large fluctuations in its climate over just the last thousand years. That means California's \"deep present\" is chronically in or on the edge of drought. The trend today is toward greater drought, and our demands for water are straining the natural system that means so much to us. In a word, all of California is a desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state and federal government have just launched a proposal for a large pair of water tunnels that will cross the great Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta underground. We need to just get something done, something big, is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2012/07/big-california-water-project-governor-wants-get-shit-done/2721/\">message from the governor\u003c/a>. Like the solar electric projects, the water project hopes to proceed quickly by going where people don't live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both solar electricity and water demand smart leadership, of course, but that in turn demands an engaged, informed citizenry. The desert and the Delta are not far-off things; they're part of our California home. The newspapers and broadcasters will do what they can to inform us, but we will need to do our own extra homework. For solar electricity, Chris Clarke of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcet.org/news/rewire/\">KCET's ReWire blog\u003c/a> keeps a steady focus on developments while speaking up for the desert. For water, Chris Austin brings news from all sides to one place at \u003ca href=\"http://aquafornia.com/\">Aquafornia\u003c/a> and researcher John Bass addresses the Delta at \u003ca href=\"http://www.deltanationalpark.org/\">Delta National Park\u003c/a> as \"contested space, space that has multiple, often conflicting interests and these interests' claims to that space.\" Those are a good start.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As we approach the limits of our power and water, we will face some wrenching decisions with geological dimensions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366927291,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":602},"headData":{"title":"We Are the Desert: Tackling California's Water and Electricity Woes | KQED","description":"As we approach the limits of our power and water, we will face some wrenching decisions with geological dimensions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"41706 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=41706","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/02/we-are-the-desert-tackling-californias-water-and-electricity-woes/","disqusTitle":"We Are the Desert: Tackling California's Water and Electricity Woes","path":"/quest/41706/we-are-the-desert-tackling-californias-water-and-electricity-woes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41707\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/08/02/we-are-the-desert-tackling-californias-water-and-electricity-woes/wearedesert/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41707\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-41707\" title=\"wearedesert\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/wearedesert.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/wearedesert.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/wearedesert-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long Valley is a microcosm of California: a sunny desert with a limited basin of water inside it. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is a wonderful state, and we in the Bay Area have the best of it, I think. But almost no place in the state exists in isolation any more. The twin engines of California civilization are electricity and water, and both of these are systems that integrate—or entangle, if you will—all corners of the state. As we approach the limits of our power and water, we will face some wrenching decisions with geological dimensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our electricity today comes mostly from fossil fuels, which will inevitably rise in cost as their sources are depleted. The long-term trend is toward renewable/sustainable energy sources, whether that's geothermal, wind or solar electricity. State law requires this energy sector to double in size in the next eight years. (The \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/electricity/\">California Energy Almanac\u003c/a> has the basics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar electricity is in the limelight these days because growth will be easiest there. The cheapest way to go, for an energy company, is to build solar power plants of the largest possible size on vacant land. That means the desert, and a corresponding network of transmission lines to the rest of the state. But there are good reasons for the rest of us to favor smaller, local projects. Since I focus on geology, I'll cite earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes demand resilient infrastructure: when the big power networks go down, as they surely will, we will need local backup. Where do we have too much sun? Parking lots. Imagine if every parking lot had a solar power generator on it. Heck, just imagine parking in the shade everywhere. Operating one of these small local generators is no more complicated than managing a small apartment building or a car-repair shop. Our residential roofs get too much sun, too, and the same act of imagination leads to the same conclusion there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is a different problem, because while electricity can be manufactured, water cannot. Geologists have long known, from paleo-environmental studies, that California has had large fluctuations in its climate over just the last thousand years. That means California's \"deep present\" is chronically in or on the edge of drought. The trend today is toward greater drought, and our demands for water are straining the natural system that means so much to us. In a word, all of California is a desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state and federal government have just launched a proposal for a large pair of water tunnels that will cross the great Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta underground. We need to just get something done, something big, is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2012/07/big-california-water-project-governor-wants-get-shit-done/2721/\">message from the governor\u003c/a>. Like the solar electric projects, the water project hopes to proceed quickly by going where people don't live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both solar electricity and water demand smart leadership, of course, but that in turn demands an engaged, informed citizenry. The desert and the Delta are not far-off things; they're part of our California home. The newspapers and broadcasters will do what they can to inform us, but we will need to do our own extra homework. For solar electricity, Chris Clarke of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcet.org/news/rewire/\">KCET's ReWire blog\u003c/a> keeps a steady focus on developments while speaking up for the desert. For water, Chris Austin brings news from all sides to one place at \u003ca href=\"http://aquafornia.com/\">Aquafornia\u003c/a> and researcher John Bass addresses the Delta at \u003ca href=\"http://www.deltanationalpark.org/\">Delta National Park\u003c/a> as \"contested space, space that has multiple, often conflicting interests and these interests' claims to that space.\" Those are a good start.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41706/we-are-the-desert-tackling-californias-water-and-electricity-woes","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_11","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11305","quest_10794","quest_13202","quest_2700"],"featImg":"quest_41707","label":"quest"},"quest_32892":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_32892","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"32892","score":null,"sort":[1331622154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"grazing-a-new-trail","title":"Grazing a New Trail","publishDate":1331622154,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32894\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/cow_bekker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32894\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-32894\" title=\"cow_Bekker\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg\" alt=\"Cow grazing\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle ranching has a bad rap in the conservation community, but a new study suggests they can also be part of a solution. Image credit: Albert P. Bekker.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What's an ecologist to do when non-native plants have displaced native species and are disrupting an ecosystem? It has never been an easy question and won't become one any time soon. But as scientists monitor these situations over time, they learn more about what works and what doesn't. Galen Rathbun, a research associate at the California Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues at Cal State Bakersfield and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management have just published a paper in the Journal of Wildlife Management recommending a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.316/abstract\">novel approach to managing arid lands in the San Joaquin Valley\u003c/a> to benefit the remarkable diversity of endangered lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Their proposed solution has four legs and moos: cattle. Livestock grazing has a bad rap in the conservation community as a practice which has caused great damage to large swaths of western North America, which is often true. However, these scientists suggest that well-managed livestock grazing can actually benefit small vertebrates by keeping non-native grasses under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley, which stretches from Kern County in southern California up to the southern end of the Sacramento Valley, has traditionally been managed as grassland, but species distribution data and historical evidence (like the writings of Spanish explorers and missionaries) suggests that before the introduction of farming, ranching and non-native grasses, the bulk of the region would have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3375/043.031.0206\">more accurately classified as a desert\u003c/a>. If they're right, this has major impacts on conservation strategies for the threatened and endemic animals that live there. Since European settlers arrived, the valley's landscape has shifted from a desert dotted with saltbush to dense grassland and shrubland, dominated by non-native plants, cattle ranching and agricultural crops. Populations of native small vertebrates in the area are declining and one theory is that the altered vegetation plays a big role. Blunt-nosed leopard lizards, giant kangaroo rats, and other animals adapted to desert life are thought to have trouble moving through exotic dense grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32903\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/giant_kangaroo_rat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32903\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32903\" title=\"giant_kangaroo_rat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/giant_kangaroo_rat-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Giant kangaroo rat in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ingens) are among the threatened and endangered species which stand to benefit from new and improved exotic grass management techniques in California's San Joaquin Valley. Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the ten-year study, the group monitored populations of key small vertebrate species on plots of land with and without managed grazing. They found grazing to have a neutral or positive effect on population size (not the negative effect expected by some), whereas the untouched control pastures saw little to no change. The idea that cattle grazing could be beneficial to the area's endemic and threatened species could really shake up future conservation strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has been used as a management tool in the past to keep exotic grasses under control in the valley, but many desert plants are not fire-adapted, so the practice just perpetuates a grassland landscape, killing native perennial saltbushes. Grazing, on the other hand, would manage the grasses' growth, while allowing saltbush to reestablish itself, a presence that has been shown to favor western whiptail lizards and threatened \u003ca href=\"http://esrp.csustan.edu/publications/pubhtml.php?doc=sjvrp&file=chapter02M02.html\">San Joaquin antelope squirrels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/whiptail03/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32918\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32918\" title=\"Western_whiptail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Whiptail03-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Western whiptail lizard in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists also monitored populations of non-threatened species like the western whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris). Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another approach used by government and land conservation organizations trying to protect a threatened native species is to buy a piece of land, and promptly remove the cattle in an effort to return it to its \"natural\" state. However, without cows to keep the dense exotic grasses at bay, the native species meant to be protected lack suitable habitat, and can disappear anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Natural\" is one of those tricky concepts that's becoming harder and harder to define. Whether native or not, the species in any ecosystem are intertwined in complex ways. Removing one \"unnatural\" element is seldom enough. But is it realistic for the whole of California to go back to the landscapes of 200 years ago? Highly unlikely! Even if it were, the domino effect works in both ways, and there's no telling what unintended side effects such a shift would cause. As scientists, officials and citizens work to prioritize needs, the debates will rage on. I hope they'll remember that sometimes solutions come in unlikely packages. Just ask a cow in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In California's arid San Joaquin Valley, scientists propose a novel approach to managing the landscape to benefit the threatened lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Livestock grazing, often demonized in the conservation world, can actually help create livable habitat for smaller creatures when well-managed. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753588,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":754},"headData":{"title":"Grazing a New Trail | KQED","description":"In California's arid San Joaquin Valley, scientists propose a novel approach to managing the landscape to benefit the threatened lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Livestock grazing, often demonized in the conservation world, can actually help create livable habitat for smaller creatures when well-managed. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"32892 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=32892","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/","disqusTitle":"Grazing a New Trail","path":"/quest/32892/grazing-a-new-trail","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32894\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/cow_bekker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32894\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-32894\" title=\"cow_Bekker\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg\" alt=\"Cow grazing\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle ranching has a bad rap in the conservation community, but a new study suggests they can also be part of a solution. Image credit: Albert P. Bekker.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What's an ecologist to do when non-native plants have displaced native species and are disrupting an ecosystem? It has never been an easy question and won't become one any time soon. But as scientists monitor these situations over time, they learn more about what works and what doesn't. Galen Rathbun, a research associate at the California Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues at Cal State Bakersfield and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management have just published a paper in the Journal of Wildlife Management recommending a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.316/abstract\">novel approach to managing arid lands in the San Joaquin Valley\u003c/a> to benefit the remarkable diversity of endangered lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Their proposed solution has four legs and moos: cattle. Livestock grazing has a bad rap in the conservation community as a practice which has caused great damage to large swaths of western North America, which is often true. However, these scientists suggest that well-managed livestock grazing can actually benefit small vertebrates by keeping non-native grasses under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley, which stretches from Kern County in southern California up to the southern end of the Sacramento Valley, has traditionally been managed as grassland, but species distribution data and historical evidence (like the writings of Spanish explorers and missionaries) suggests that before the introduction of farming, ranching and non-native grasses, the bulk of the region would have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3375/043.031.0206\">more accurately classified as a desert\u003c/a>. If they're right, this has major impacts on conservation strategies for the threatened and endemic animals that live there. Since European settlers arrived, the valley's landscape has shifted from a desert dotted with saltbush to dense grassland and shrubland, dominated by non-native plants, cattle ranching and agricultural crops. Populations of native small vertebrates in the area are declining and one theory is that the altered vegetation plays a big role. Blunt-nosed leopard lizards, giant kangaroo rats, and other animals adapted to desert life are thought to have trouble moving through exotic dense grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32903\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/giant_kangaroo_rat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32903\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32903\" title=\"giant_kangaroo_rat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/giant_kangaroo_rat-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Giant kangaroo rat in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ingens) are among the threatened and endangered species which stand to benefit from new and improved exotic grass management techniques in California's San Joaquin Valley. Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the ten-year study, the group monitored populations of key small vertebrate species on plots of land with and without managed grazing. They found grazing to have a neutral or positive effect on population size (not the negative effect expected by some), whereas the untouched control pastures saw little to no change. The idea that cattle grazing could be beneficial to the area's endemic and threatened species could really shake up future conservation strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has been used as a management tool in the past to keep exotic grasses under control in the valley, but many desert plants are not fire-adapted, so the practice just perpetuates a grassland landscape, killing native perennial saltbushes. Grazing, on the other hand, would manage the grasses' growth, while allowing saltbush to reestablish itself, a presence that has been shown to favor western whiptail lizards and threatened \u003ca href=\"http://esrp.csustan.edu/publications/pubhtml.php?doc=sjvrp&file=chapter02M02.html\">San Joaquin antelope squirrels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/whiptail03/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32918\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32918\" title=\"Western_whiptail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Whiptail03-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Western whiptail lizard in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists also monitored populations of non-threatened species like the western whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris). Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another approach used by government and land conservation organizations trying to protect a threatened native species is to buy a piece of land, and promptly remove the cattle in an effort to return it to its \"natural\" state. However, without cows to keep the dense exotic grasses at bay, the native species meant to be protected lack suitable habitat, and can disappear anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Natural\" is one of those tricky concepts that's becoming harder and harder to define. Whether native or not, the species in any ecosystem are intertwined in complex ways. Removing one \"unnatural\" element is seldom enough. But is it realistic for the whole of California to go back to the landscapes of 200 years ago? Highly unlikely! Even if it were, the domino effect works in both ways, and there's no telling what unintended side effects such a shift would cause. As scientists, officials and citizens work to prioritize needs, the debates will rage on. I hope they'll remember that sometimes solutions come in unlikely packages. Just ask a cow in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/32892/grazing-a-new-trail","authors":["10317"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_3309","quest_10796","quest_3502","quest_10795","quest_716","quest_10794","quest_10799","quest_10798","quest_3351","quest_3307","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_10793","quest_10797"],"featImg":"quest_32894","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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