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Different Deltas: Q&A with Barry Nelson of the Natural Resources Defense Council
Eavesdropping on the Heart: A Patient’s Campaign for Access
Collecting "Environmental DNA" (eDNA) in the Fight Against Invasive Species
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Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"lindseyhoshaw","facebook":"lindsey.hoshaw.9","instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["edit_theme_options","subscriber"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["edit_post_subscriptions","edit_usergroups","unfiltered_html","unfiltered_upload","leadcoordinator","editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindseyhoshaw"},"andrew-alden":{"type":"authors","id":"6228","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6228","found":true},"name":"Andrew Alden","firstName":"Andrew","lastName":"Alden","slug":"andrew-alden","email":"alden@andrew-alden.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Andrew Alden earned his geology degree at the University of New Hampshire and moved back to the Bay Area to work at the U.S. Geological Survey for six years. He has \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/\">written on geology for About.com\u003c/a> since its founding in 1997. In 2007, he started the Oakland Geology blog, which won recognition as \"Best of the East Bay\" from the \u003ci>East Bay Express\u003c/i> in 2010. In writing about geology in the Bay Area and surroundings, he hopes to share some of the useful and pleasurable insights that geologists give us—not just facts about the deep past, but an attitude that might be called the \u003ci>deep present\u003c/i>.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/andrew-alden/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Andrew Alden | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9eaa0afc32f98c5fc7ce634437334a64?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/andrew-alden"},"sharolembry":{"type":"authors","id":"6328","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6328","found":true},"name":"Sharol Nelson-Embry","firstName":"Sharol","lastName":"Nelson-Embry","slug":"sharolembry","email":"bobsharol@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sharol Nelson-Embry is the Supervising Naturalist at the Crab Cove Visitor Center & Aquarium on San Francisco Bay in Alameda. Crab Cove is part of the East Bay Regional Park District, one of the largest and oldest regional park agencies in the nation. She graduated from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo with a degree in Natural Resources Management and an epiphany that connecting kids with nature was her destiny. She's been rooted in the Bay Area since 1991 after working at nature centers and outdoor science schools around our fair state. She loves the great variety of habitats stretching from the Bay shoreline to the redwoods, lakes, and hills. Sharol enjoys connecting people to nature with articles in local newspapers and online forums.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/sharolembry/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sharol Nelson-Embry | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e1d65f00eccde30de75fac778ead552d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sharolembry"},"quest":{"type":"authors","id":"10216","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10216","found":true},"name":"QUEST Staff","firstName":"QUEST","lastName":"Staff","slug":"quest","email":"quest@kqed.orgx","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"QUEST, an Emmy Award-winning multimedia science series, has a new focus on the science of sustainability.The half-hour magazine style episodes are produced by a collaboration of six public broadcasters around the country and explore a wide variety of sustainability issues related to food, energy, water, climate and biodiversity. The story segments featured in each show are introduced by on-camera host, environmental journalist \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/pssethi/\">Simran Sethi\u003c/a>. The series also includes half-hour specials that focus on a single topic.\r\n \r\nAll 2013-2014 television programs can be viewed online in their entirety or as individual segments by clicking on the titles and images listed below. The programs are also broadcast in each of our six PBS partner regions including \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/north-carolina/\">North Carolina\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/ohio/\">Ohio\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/nebraska/\">Nebraska\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/northern-california/\">Northern California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/northwest/\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>. Check local listings for broadcast dates and times.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"QUEST Staff | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/quest"},"dcrane":{"type":"authors","id":"10292","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10292","found":true},"name":"Donna Crane","firstName":"Donna","lastName":"Crane","slug":"dcrane","email":"donna.crane@wpt.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Donna Crane is the Content Coordinator for the QUEST project at Wisconsin Public Television. Before coming to WPT, she worked at WMFE Public Television in Orlando, at CBS affiliate, WCAX-TV in Burlington, Vermont, at the University of Vermont, and at WSKG Public Television in Binghamton, NY. In her spare time you can find her snowshoeing in the winter and bike riding when it’s warm.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/de933cdb9290a5f93cb350a6a3883a9d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["leadcoordinator","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Donna Crane | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/de933cdb9290a5f93cb350a6a3883a9d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/de933cdb9290a5f93cb350a6a3883a9d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dcrane"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_73855":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_73855","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"73855","score":null,"sort":[1425331260000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-can-we-address-indoor-air-pollution","title":"How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution?","publishDate":1425331260,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"education"},"content":"\u003cp>Source: \u003ca title=\"How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution?\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/26/how-can-the-international-community-address-indoor-air-pollution/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DoNow Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From KQED Education Do Now: Indoor air pollution from from burning solid fuels for heating and cooking is a huge health concern in many parts of the world. How can we best address this problem?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1535056422,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":5},"headData":{"title":"How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution? | KQED","description":"From KQED Education Do Now: Indoor air pollution from from burning solid fuels for heating and cooking is a huge health concern in many parts of the world. How can we best address this problem?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"73855 http://science.kqed.org/quest?p=73855&preview_id=73855","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/03/02/how-can-we-address-indoor-air-pollution/","disqusTitle":"How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution?","redirect":{"type":"external","url":"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/26/how-can-the-international-community-address-indoor-air-pollution/"},"rssmiSourceLink":"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/26/how-can-the-international-community-address-indoor-air-pollution/","path":"/quest/73855/how-can-we-address-indoor-air-pollution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Source: \u003ca title=\"How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution?\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/26/how-can-the-international-community-address-indoor-air-pollution/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DoNow Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/26/how-can-the-international-community-address-indoor-air-pollution/","authors":["10216"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_12"],"tags":["quest_13085","quest_21","quest_13137","quest_12269","quest_13131","quest_2349"],"featImg":"quest_73856","label":"quest"},"quest_57094":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57094","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57094","score":null,"sort":[1371858380000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tesla-unveils-90-second-battery-swap-technology","title":"Tesla Unveils 90-Second Battery Swap Technology","publishDate":1371858380,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57098 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto based electric car maker, Tesla, has announced a service that will swap out a battery in less than two minutes. The auto maker is trying to address one of the obstacles to electric car adoption: fears of limited driving range. Tesla cars can travel a maximum of 300 miles before needing a recharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a packed event in Los Angeles Thursday, CEO Elon Musk announced that Tesla will roll out battery swapping stations later this year along the drive between Los Angeles and San Francisco and the Washington to Boston corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric cars have been a hard sell due to their high price, limited driving range and lack of public charging infrastructure. Musk says a battery pack swap will take about as long and cost about as much as filling up a 15-gallon gas tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers who swap their battery packs will reclaim their original battery on their return trip, kind of like renting a pair of skis. The new battery stations will be built next to the company's fast chargers which will charge up a Tesla battery in less than thirty minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla's announcement comes just a month after Silicon Valley based, A Better Place, an electric car battery swapping business, declared bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5V0vL3nnHY]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Palo Alto based electric car maker Tesla has announced a service that will swap out a battery in less than two minutes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371858432,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":224},"headData":{"title":"Tesla Unveils 90-Second Battery Swap Technology | KQED","description":"Palo Alto based electric car maker Tesla has announced a service that will swap out a battery in less than two minutes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"57094 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57094","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/06/21/tesla-unveils-90-second-battery-swap-technology/","disqusTitle":"Tesla Unveils 90-Second Battery Swap Technology","path":"/quest/57094/tesla-unveils-90-second-battery-swap-technology","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57098 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/tesla_model_s_1-e1371855934884.jpg\" alt=\"Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Tesla Motors\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto based electric car maker, Tesla, has announced a service that will swap out a battery in less than two minutes. The auto maker is trying to address one of the obstacles to electric car adoption: fears of limited driving range. Tesla cars can travel a maximum of 300 miles before needing a recharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a packed event in Los Angeles Thursday, CEO Elon Musk announced that Tesla will roll out battery swapping stations later this year along the drive between Los Angeles and San Francisco and the Washington to Boston corridor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric cars have been a hard sell due to their high price, limited driving range and lack of public charging infrastructure. Musk says a battery pack swap will take about as long and cost about as much as filling up a 15-gallon gas tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers who swap their battery packs will reclaim their original battery on their return trip, kind of like renting a pair of skis. 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If the weather is fine, the temperatures are moderate and the mountains on both sides of the valley—the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada—are visible wherever you can get a clear view of the horizon. Such were conditions when I took this side trip from I-5, which leaves the freeway at the Patterson exit, in Stanislaus County, and returns to it at the Mercey Springs Road exit, in Merced County. Along the way it crosses two of the Valley's major rivers and the heart of its wetlands. Both ends are at the dramatic uplifted front of the Coast Range, exposing the thick section of sedimentary rocks that lie beneath that flat valley floor and record its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the route along with the geology (made, as usual, with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/grassrivermaps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52179\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png\" alt=\"Route map and geologic map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps-400x344.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Great Valley Sequence rocks are upturned along the east edge of the Coast Range, increasing in age to the west: QPc, Quaternary-Pliocene continental sediment; E, Eocene marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; Ku, Cretaceous marine rocks. Qoa, aprons of old alluvium. The main valley floor is young alluvial sediment. The area east of Irwin is Ice Age sand from the Merced River. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drive through Patterson and get on Las Palmas Avenue. This may be the Valley's grandest allee of palm trees, although there's another one near Chowchilla you could see in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/\">another I-5 side trip\u003c/a>. (Note to geologists: Turlock has an excellent brewpub if your trip calls for one.) Once out of town, you enter some of California's hardest-working farmland, based on excellent soils and abundant water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Turlock, keep an eye on the roadside and notice as the soil turns sandy. Just below the \"165\" mark, you cross the Merced River, which is responsible for all that sand, marked on the geologic map by the lighter patch. Here Hagaman County Park offers a good view of the river, which still flows at a good clip all this way from Yosemite Valley. Notice, too, the levee north of the river, which keeps the annual floods from spilling wide over the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/mercedriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52181\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg\" alt=\"mercedriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of State Route 140 at the edge of the sand unit, the road crosses the San Joaquin River and enters the moist bottomland of the San Joaquin Valley. From here almost all the way to Los Banos is widespread tule marsh. Water is harvested from here and pumped to the San Luis Reservoir to regulate flow in the canals that serve the farms. That little squiggle of roadway west of 165 is actually the levee paths in Great Valley Grasslands State Park, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=25155\">six-mile walk\u003c/a> through a patch of the habitat that once covered vast stretches of the Valley. The path takes you along the San Joaquin River itself, much quieter than the Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/sjriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52183\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg\" alt=\"SJriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grasslands include some vernal pools: shallow basins that fill with water in the winter and dry out slowly over the course of the spring, offering habitat for a great variety of plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/vernalpool/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52184\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg\" alt=\"vernalpool\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter was very dry, so the pools were not spectacular. As I walked I was reminded of William Brewer's \u003ca href=\"http://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/april-9-1863-kings-river/\">description of this country exactly 150 years earlier\u003c/a>: \"We rode upward of thirty miles without any tree or bush—except once a single small willow was visible for two hours, but we passed nearly two miles from it; it was a mere speck. Hour after hour we plodded on. The road was good but a dead level—no hill or ridge ten feet high relieved the even surface—no house, no tree—one hour was but like the next—it was like the ocean, but it depressed the spirits more.\" But then I spotted a nice patch of goldfields and gave my camera a treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/goldfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52185\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg\" alt=\"goldfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Banos, the Los Banos County Park just a few blocks west on route 152 has a museum, as well as bathrooms and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/hornito/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52186\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52186\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg\" alt=\"hornito\" width=\"500\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito-400x289.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Baños\" means \"the baths,\" and it got its name from the clear pools in Los Banos Creek where it leaves the Coast Range, so refreshing to Father Arroyo in the Mission days that he made a point of returning regularly. Today everyone has bathtubs and it's hard to imagine being excited by such a thing. Father Arroyo's baths were soon erased as the creek was dammed, an early step in the immense and still incomplete project of harnessing and managing California's water. Los Banos Creek Reservoir is just west of the lowest I-5 symbol on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steep face of the Laguna Seca Hills, eastern rampart of the Coast Range, looms as route 165 approaches the freeway again. Along the road you may notice long piles of white rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomitepile/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52187\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg\" alt=\"diatomitepile\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pull over and take a look at some. It's \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/diatomite.htm\">diatomite\u003c/a>, a styrofoam-light rock made exclusively of microscopic diatom shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52188\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg\" alt=\"diatomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This material testifies to a long-lived, quiet brackish or alkaline lake that existed here millions of years ago. Different accidents of tectonics have turned the Valley, at various times in the geologic past, into a freshwater lake, an inland sea or a dry desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quarry that yields this material is up in the Laguna Seca Hills just behind this view; you can see it in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/lagunasecahills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52189\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg\" alt=\"lagunasecahills\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state geologic map shows that the Laguna Seca Hills expose an unusually complete and compact cross section of the Great Valley Sequence. If only we could access the rocks! But it's private land, and anyway here's the freeway again.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"It takes a million years to make a land this big and flat. Take a few hours to experience it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366389096,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":957},"headData":{"title":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands | KQED","description":"It takes a million years to make a land this big and flat. Take a few hours to experience it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52178 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52178","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/","disqusTitle":"Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands","path":"/quest/52178/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Springtime is my favorite time to see the floor of the Great Valley. If the weather is fine, the temperatures are moderate and the mountains on both sides of the valley—the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada—are visible wherever you can get a clear view of the horizon. Such were conditions when I took this side trip from I-5, which leaves the freeway at the Patterson exit, in Stanislaus County, and returns to it at the Mercey Springs Road exit, in Merced County. Along the way it crosses two of the Valley's major rivers and the heart of its wetlands. Both ends are at the dramatic uplifted front of the Coast Range, exposing the thick section of sedimentary rocks that lie beneath that flat valley floor and record its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the route along with the geology (made, as usual, with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/grassrivermaps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52179\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png\" alt=\"Route map and geologic map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps-400x344.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Great Valley Sequence rocks are upturned along the east edge of the Coast Range, increasing in age to the west: QPc, Quaternary-Pliocene continental sediment; E, Eocene marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; Ku, Cretaceous marine rocks. Qoa, aprons of old alluvium. The main valley floor is young alluvial sediment. The area east of Irwin is Ice Age sand from the Merced River. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drive through Patterson and get on Las Palmas Avenue. This may be the Valley's grandest allee of palm trees, although there's another one near Chowchilla you could see in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/\">another I-5 side trip\u003c/a>. (Note to geologists: Turlock has an excellent brewpub if your trip calls for one.) Once out of town, you enter some of California's hardest-working farmland, based on excellent soils and abundant water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Turlock, keep an eye on the roadside and notice as the soil turns sandy. Just below the \"165\" mark, you cross the Merced River, which is responsible for all that sand, marked on the geologic map by the lighter patch. Here Hagaman County Park offers a good view of the river, which still flows at a good clip all this way from Yosemite Valley. Notice, too, the levee north of the river, which keeps the annual floods from spilling wide over the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/mercedriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52181\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg\" alt=\"mercedriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of State Route 140 at the edge of the sand unit, the road crosses the San Joaquin River and enters the moist bottomland of the San Joaquin Valley. From here almost all the way to Los Banos is widespread tule marsh. Water is harvested from here and pumped to the San Luis Reservoir to regulate flow in the canals that serve the farms. That little squiggle of roadway west of 165 is actually the levee paths in Great Valley Grasslands State Park, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=25155\">six-mile walk\u003c/a> through a patch of the habitat that once covered vast stretches of the Valley. The path takes you along the San Joaquin River itself, much quieter than the Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/sjriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52183\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg\" alt=\"SJriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grasslands include some vernal pools: shallow basins that fill with water in the winter and dry out slowly over the course of the spring, offering habitat for a great variety of plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/vernalpool/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52184\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg\" alt=\"vernalpool\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter was very dry, so the pools were not spectacular. As I walked I was reminded of William Brewer's \u003ca href=\"http://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/april-9-1863-kings-river/\">description of this country exactly 150 years earlier\u003c/a>: \"We rode upward of thirty miles without any tree or bush—except once a single small willow was visible for two hours, but we passed nearly two miles from it; it was a mere speck. Hour after hour we plodded on. The road was good but a dead level—no hill or ridge ten feet high relieved the even surface—no house, no tree—one hour was but like the next—it was like the ocean, but it depressed the spirits more.\" But then I spotted a nice patch of goldfields and gave my camera a treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/goldfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52185\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg\" alt=\"goldfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Banos, the Los Banos County Park just a few blocks west on route 152 has a museum, as well as bathrooms and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/hornito/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52186\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52186\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg\" alt=\"hornito\" width=\"500\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito-400x289.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Baños\" means \"the baths,\" and it got its name from the clear pools in Los Banos Creek where it leaves the Coast Range, so refreshing to Father Arroyo in the Mission days that he made a point of returning regularly. Today everyone has bathtubs and it's hard to imagine being excited by such a thing. Father Arroyo's baths were soon erased as the creek was dammed, an early step in the immense and still incomplete project of harnessing and managing California's water. Los Banos Creek Reservoir is just west of the lowest I-5 symbol on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steep face of the Laguna Seca Hills, eastern rampart of the Coast Range, looms as route 165 approaches the freeway again. Along the road you may notice long piles of white rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomitepile/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52187\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg\" alt=\"diatomitepile\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pull over and take a look at some. It's \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/diatomite.htm\">diatomite\u003c/a>, a styrofoam-light rock made exclusively of microscopic diatom shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52188\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg\" alt=\"diatomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This material testifies to a long-lived, quiet brackish or alkaline lake that existed here millions of years ago. Different accidents of tectonics have turned the Valley, at various times in the geologic past, into a freshwater lake, an inland sea or a dry desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quarry that yields this material is up in the Laguna Seca Hills just behind this view; you can see it in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/lagunasecahills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52189\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg\" alt=\"lagunasecahills\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state geologic map shows that the Laguna Seca Hills expose an unusually complete and compact cross section of the Great Valley Sequence. If only we could access the rocks! But it's private land, and anyway here's the freeway again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/52178/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands","authors":["6228"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_21","quest_11897","quest_11896","quest_11518","quest_11899","quest_11898","quest_33","quest_10793","quest_3814"],"featImg":"quest_52203","label":"quest"},"quest_48725":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_48725","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"48725","score":null,"sort":[1358524851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies","title":"Warblers' Secrets for Successful Survival Strategies","publishDate":1358524851,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/18/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies/450px-yellow-rump-capisic-spring-2012-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48727\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-48727\" title=\"Yellow-rump-capisic-spring-2012\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/450px-Yellow-rump-capisic-spring-20121.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flashing its yellow tail patch, a yellow-rumped warbler is easy to spot. {link url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar.jpg\"}Photo by Chuck Homler.{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are some bright spots on these cold, wet winter days and they’re flitting about in my camellia trees: \u003ca title=\"Cornell Bird ID; yellow-rumped warblers\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Yellow-rumped_Warbler/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">yellow-rumped warblers\u003c/a>. These little flying gems bring their acrobatic flashes of color to the otherwise drab and muted landscape in its winter garb. To top it off, their feeding strategies are a case study that flexibility leads to success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These birds have the endearing name of “butter butts” for a yellow patch at the base of their tail. You can find them throughout the Bay Area in winter. Drawn by the waxy berries of the \u003ca title=\"Cal Flora website, California Myrtle\" href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=5733\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Myricaceae\u003c/em> (myrtle and bayberry) family\u003c/a> and winter flowers such as \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia, camellia information\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camellia\" target=\"_blank\">camellia\u003c/a>, they spend winters near us in neighborhood parks and yards. Most of the time, you don’t even need binoculars to see them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48728\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/18/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies/semi-double_camelia_cultivar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-48728\" title=\"Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lush blooms of camellias in winter attract 'butter butts' and other wildlife.\" {link url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar.jpg\"}Photo by Kowloonese.{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yellow-rumped warblers are designated a \"Species of Least Concern\" with a stable population in no danger of disappearing. Why are they so successful? Their first secret to success is their rare ability to digest the wax of berries in the myrtle family. These waxy berries, once used by Colonial Americans to make candles, store fat that’s usually inaccessible for energy. These warblers can digest it and put that wax-fat to good use; they can winter further north than other warblers. On both coasts of North America their wintering territory mirrors the presence of myrtles, sometimes in otherwise inhospitable areas covered in snow and ice. Some of the species, perhaps those that have discovered the wonders of an endless summer, migrate further south as far as Central America. The second secret to the warblers success is a flexible feeding strategy. They can glean insects from leaves and bark, flycatch in mid-air, forage along shorelines for aquatic insects, drink nectar and eat pollen from flowers. They may do all of these things, appropriate to the abundance of the season, over the course of a year. Too bad there aren’t training courses led by these little “butter butts” for some of our endangered bird species that are trapped in their niche feeding strategies. Imagine: clapper rails birds “job shadowing” a group of yellow-rumped warblers to expand their feeding options!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that we’ve passed the shortest day of the year, enjoy the lengthening daylight. The warblers and camellias remind us that spring is just a few months away. To learn more about our local birds and their habitats come along on an East Bay Regional Park \u003ca title=\"ebparks.org, activities\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities\" target=\"_blank\">naturalist program\u003c/a> or visit your local \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Audubon Society, field trips\" href=\"http://www.goldengateaudubon.org/field-trips/upcoming-field-trips-2012/\" target=\"_blank\">Audubon Society website\u003c/a> to see what they have to offer near you. Don’t forget about the many ways you can help track bird and plant activities around you; check out \u003ca title=\"Cornell Birds, Citizen Science projects\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/projects\" target=\"_blank\">Citizen Science programs\u003c/a> and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Learn the survival secrets of our winter visitors, the yellow-rumped warblers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366756031,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":538},"headData":{"title":"Warblers' Secrets for Successful Survival Strategies | KQED","description":"Learn the survival secrets of our winter visitors, the yellow-rumped warblers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"48725 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=48725","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/18/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies/","disqusTitle":"Warblers' Secrets for Successful Survival Strategies","path":"/quest/48725/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/18/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies/450px-yellow-rump-capisic-spring-2012-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48727\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-48727\" title=\"Yellow-rump-capisic-spring-2012\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/450px-Yellow-rump-capisic-spring-20121.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flashing its yellow tail patch, a yellow-rumped warbler is easy to spot. {link url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar.jpg\"}Photo by Chuck Homler.{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are some bright spots on these cold, wet winter days and they’re flitting about in my camellia trees: \u003ca title=\"Cornell Bird ID; yellow-rumped warblers\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Yellow-rumped_Warbler/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">yellow-rumped warblers\u003c/a>. These little flying gems bring their acrobatic flashes of color to the otherwise drab and muted landscape in its winter garb. To top it off, their feeding strategies are a case study that flexibility leads to success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These birds have the endearing name of “butter butts” for a yellow patch at the base of their tail. You can find them throughout the Bay Area in winter. Drawn by the waxy berries of the \u003ca title=\"Cal Flora website, California Myrtle\" href=\"http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=5733\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Myricaceae\u003c/em> (myrtle and bayberry) family\u003c/a> and winter flowers such as \u003ca title=\"Wikipedia, camellia information\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camellia\" target=\"_blank\">camellia\u003c/a>, they spend winters near us in neighborhood parks and yards. Most of the time, you don’t even need binoculars to see them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_48728\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/01/18/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies/semi-double_camelia_cultivar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-48728\" title=\"Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/01/Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lush blooms of camellias in winter attract 'butter butts' and other wildlife.\" {link url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Semi-double_Camelia_cultivar.jpg\"}Photo by Kowloonese.{/link}\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yellow-rumped warblers are designated a \"Species of Least Concern\" with a stable population in no danger of disappearing. Why are they so successful? Their first secret to success is their rare ability to digest the wax of berries in the myrtle family. These waxy berries, once used by Colonial Americans to make candles, store fat that’s usually inaccessible for energy. These warblers can digest it and put that wax-fat to good use; they can winter further north than other warblers. On both coasts of North America their wintering territory mirrors the presence of myrtles, sometimes in otherwise inhospitable areas covered in snow and ice. Some of the species, perhaps those that have discovered the wonders of an endless summer, migrate further south as far as Central America. The second secret to the warblers success is a flexible feeding strategy. They can glean insects from leaves and bark, flycatch in mid-air, forage along shorelines for aquatic insects, drink nectar and eat pollen from flowers. They may do all of these things, appropriate to the abundance of the season, over the course of a year. Too bad there aren’t training courses led by these little “butter butts” for some of our endangered bird species that are trapped in their niche feeding strategies. Imagine: clapper rails birds “job shadowing” a group of yellow-rumped warblers to expand their feeding options!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that we’ve passed the shortest day of the year, enjoy the lengthening daylight. The warblers and camellias remind us that spring is just a few months away. To learn more about our local birds and their habitats come along on an East Bay Regional Park \u003ca title=\"ebparks.org, activities\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/activities\" target=\"_blank\">naturalist program\u003c/a> or visit your local \u003ca title=\"Golden Gate Audubon Society, field trips\" href=\"http://www.goldengateaudubon.org/field-trips/upcoming-field-trips-2012/\" target=\"_blank\">Audubon Society website\u003c/a> to see what they have to offer near you. Don’t forget about the many ways you can help track bird and plant activities around you; check out \u003ca title=\"Cornell Birds, Citizen Science projects\" href=\"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/projects\" target=\"_blank\">Citizen Science programs\u003c/a> and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/48725/warblers-secrets-for-successful-survival-strategies","authors":["6328"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_609","quest_21","quest_3310","quest_3307","quest_13202","quest_9978","quest_11684"],"featImg":"quest_48727","label":"quest"},"quest_36893":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_36893","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"36893","score":null,"sort":[1336176046000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd","title":"Different Deltas: Q&A with Jason Peltier of Westlands Water District","publishDate":1336176046,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Jason Peltier\u003c/strong>, the Deputy General Manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. The Westlands Water District is a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley. It’s part of the 3 million acres of farmland that’s served by water that’s moved from the Delta. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Q&A with Barry Nelson\u003c/a> of the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37003\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37003\" title=\"Jason-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does the water for Westlands agriculture come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through our history, California has accomplished great engineering feats with a system of dams and reservoirs. Those dams, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta/\">Shasta\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=882\">Folsom\u003c/a>, allow us to store water and move it through time. In other words, from wet season to dry season. And the aqueducts allow us to move the water from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How has the allocation of water changed over the years?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, our farmers have seen dramatic swings in their water supply, mostly on the downside. We’ve experienced 40%, 60%, up to 90% reductions in deliveries out of the Delta. In some cases there were dry years, but mostly it’s driven by environmental laws, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/sacramento/Fisheries/CAMP-Program/CVPIA/fisheries_camp-program_cvpia.htm\">Central Valley Project Improvement Act\u003c/a>. They’ve had a rough couple of decades dealing with uncertainty, unpredictability. You can’t get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don’t have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, people were astonished by it. Now they are learning how to cope with it to some extent. The district has purchased 100,000 acres of farmland and taken it out of irrigated agriculture. Our farmers have shifted their crops to higher value, permanent crops, so they can afford to buy water on the market when the projects can’t deliver water. 80% of the district is on drip irrigation today. We’ve seen our water rates go up tremendously -- our cheapest water is $100 an acre foot. Sometimes on the market, farmers are paying $400 an acre-foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where do those fluctuations come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Part of these 20 years of water supply uncertainty has been driven primarily by environmental laws and restrictions. The restrictions that emanate out of the Endangered Species Act in the form of the biological opinions issued by the federal agencies have been kind of an added wrinkle of complexity for us. We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see. It’s very frustrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Something Westlands has sued over--\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, yes, there’s been a lot of litigation and I’m sure there will be going forth because the stakes are so high. We’re quite happy to use the third branch of government to help to decide some of these huge differences we have with the administration. You know, we lose more than we win. But you know, it helps, even losing creates some certainty that, in the big picture, is of great value to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now, there’s a new planning effort underway to create more certainty, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the stakeholders kind of came together and said you know, what we’re living, this status quo is unacceptable for all of our interests. So we’ve got to try and find a new approach, a new way to address and resolve the conflicts between water project operations and our fisheries and our ecosystem. And that’s what gave rise to the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/BDCPPlanningProcess/AboutTheBDCP.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Planning\u003c/a> effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That plan, the Bay Delta Conservation Plan, calls for a large tunnel or canal to take water around the Delta, instead of through it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been recognized for decades that the location of the export pumps in the southern end of the Delta is a real problem for water quality issues, for vulnerability to earthquakes, for fish on some levels. So, we’re kind of trying to figure out how can we relocate those intakes up to the Sacramento River? We would be able to positively screen for fish, because we’d have a river flowing by. So there’s the alternative conveyance, probably cost $12 billion. And we think, you know, it is expensive. But it’s not because we have such a huge population base to spread our costs over. There’s a huge part of the economy of California that is at-risk today. And we shouldn’t accept that. We shouldn’t live with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The plan also calls for a lot of habitat restoration. Who should pay for that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current planning target for recreation of intertidal habitat is about 60,000 acres. It’s to be determined how that’s going to be paid for. But in our minds, most of that is a public investment. That land was at one time fully in contact with water. With the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/Manual/73man/id286_m.htm\">Swamp and Overflow Act\u003c/a> in the mid-1800s, islands were created, levees were built, and that water-land contact was lost. We can’t go back and find the people that built the levees in the 1800s, but we can recognize that there’s a broad public value for increasing intertidal habitat and trying to recreate some of the food conditions. Creating better habitat creates more food for the lower-end of the food chain, which then hopefully will work its way up to help the native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fish recovery is good for everybody, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is not dying - it’s a healthy and vibrant place. But there are those that think that the system is over-subscribed. We hear, “we don’t have enough water in California; we’ve got too many people, too many demands.” Some years, that’s the case. But there are also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of water to meet the needs of both water users and the species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the beneficial uses. The average through the years is at about 80% of the water that flows into the Delta goes out to the ocean. And after a new conveyance is built, we’ll still be at about 80%. If somebody could tell me specifically where additional water is needed, when it’s needed and what good it’s going to do, we could have a conversation. As it is, it’s kind of a bumper sticker kind of a debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Right, fish vs. farms.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and fishermen have a heck of a lot more in common than they have dividing them. One of the saddest things for me right now is that we can’t work together more constructively: they want healthy fishery to sustain their fishing, and we want a healthy fishery to sustain our ability to export water. And we have an identity of interest. It’s just how we come at the problem.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST Radio Reporter Lauren Sommer interviews Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District, a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366750133,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1364},"headData":{"title":"Different Deltas: Q&A with Jason Peltier of Westlands Water District | KQED","description":"QUEST Radio Reporter Lauren Sommer interviews Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District, a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"36893 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=36893","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/","disqusTitle":"Different Deltas: Q&A with Jason Peltier of Westlands Water District","path":"/quest/36893/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Jason Peltier\u003c/strong>, the Deputy General Manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. The Westlands Water District is a 600,000 acre agricultural district on the west side of the San Joaquin valley. It’s part of the 3 million acres of farmland that’s served by water that’s moved from the Delta. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Q&A with Barry Nelson\u003c/a> of the Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37003\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37003\" title=\"Jason-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Jason-Head-shot160-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason Peltier, Deputy General Manager of Westlands Water District\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does the water for Westlands agriculture come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through our history, California has accomplished great engineering feats with a system of dams and reservoirs. Those dams, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/ncao/shasta/\">Shasta\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=882\">Folsom\u003c/a>, allow us to store water and move it through time. In other words, from wet season to dry season. And the aqueducts allow us to move the water from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How has the allocation of water changed over the years?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, our farmers have seen dramatic swings in their water supply, mostly on the downside. We’ve experienced 40%, 60%, up to 90% reductions in deliveries out of the Delta. In some cases there were dry years, but mostly it’s driven by environmental laws, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/sacramento/Fisheries/CAMP-Program/CVPIA/fisheries_camp-program_cvpia.htm\">Central Valley Project Improvement Act\u003c/a>. They’ve had a rough couple of decades dealing with uncertainty, unpredictability. You can’t get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don’t have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, people were astonished by it. Now they are learning how to cope with it to some extent. The district has purchased 100,000 acres of farmland and taken it out of irrigated agriculture. Our farmers have shifted their crops to higher value, permanent crops, so they can afford to buy water on the market when the projects can’t deliver water. 80% of the district is on drip irrigation today. We’ve seen our water rates go up tremendously -- our cheapest water is $100 an acre foot. Sometimes on the market, farmers are paying $400 an acre-foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where do those fluctuations come from?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Part of these 20 years of water supply uncertainty has been driven primarily by environmental laws and restrictions. The restrictions that emanate out of the Endangered Species Act in the form of the biological opinions issued by the federal agencies have been kind of an added wrinkle of complexity for us. We can look at the results of reallocating water supply over the last two decades, and here in the last few years, you know, the fish have not done any better. We’ve seen 40 million acre-feet reallocated from human use to environmental use, and we haven’t seen the kind of response any of us would like to see. It’s very frustrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Something Westlands has sued over--\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, yes, there’s been a lot of litigation and I’m sure there will be going forth because the stakes are so high. We’re quite happy to use the third branch of government to help to decide some of these huge differences we have with the administration. You know, we lose more than we win. But you know, it helps, even losing creates some certainty that, in the big picture, is of great value to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now, there’s a new planning effort underway to create more certainty, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the stakeholders kind of came together and said you know, what we’re living, this status quo is unacceptable for all of our interests. So we’ve got to try and find a new approach, a new way to address and resolve the conflicts between water project operations and our fisheries and our ecosystem. And that’s what gave rise to the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/BDCPPlanningProcess/AboutTheBDCP.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Planning\u003c/a> effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That plan, the Bay Delta Conservation Plan, calls for a large tunnel or canal to take water around the Delta, instead of through it.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been recognized for decades that the location of the export pumps in the southern end of the Delta is a real problem for water quality issues, for vulnerability to earthquakes, for fish on some levels. So, we’re kind of trying to figure out how can we relocate those intakes up to the Sacramento River? We would be able to positively screen for fish, because we’d have a river flowing by. So there’s the alternative conveyance, probably cost $12 billion. And we think, you know, it is expensive. But it’s not because we have such a huge population base to spread our costs over. There’s a huge part of the economy of California that is at-risk today. And we shouldn’t accept that. We shouldn’t live with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The plan also calls for a lot of habitat restoration. Who should pay for that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our current planning target for recreation of intertidal habitat is about 60,000 acres. It’s to be determined how that’s going to be paid for. But in our minds, most of that is a public investment. That land was at one time fully in contact with water. With the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/Manual/73man/id286_m.htm\">Swamp and Overflow Act\u003c/a> in the mid-1800s, islands were created, levees were built, and that water-land contact was lost. We can’t go back and find the people that built the levees in the 1800s, but we can recognize that there’s a broad public value for increasing intertidal habitat and trying to recreate some of the food conditions. Creating better habitat creates more food for the lower-end of the food chain, which then hopefully will work its way up to help the native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fish recovery is good for everybody, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is not dying - it’s a healthy and vibrant place. But there are those that think that the system is over-subscribed. We hear, “we don’t have enough water in California; we’ve got too many people, too many demands.” Some years, that’s the case. But there are also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of water to meet the needs of both water users and the species?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the beneficial uses. The average through the years is at about 80% of the water that flows into the Delta goes out to the ocean. And after a new conveyance is built, we’ll still be at about 80%. If somebody could tell me specifically where additional water is needed, when it’s needed and what good it’s going to do, we could have a conversation. As it is, it’s kind of a bumper sticker kind of a debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Right, fish vs. farms.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and fishermen have a heck of a lot more in common than they have dividing them. One of the saddest things for me right now is that we can’t work together more constructively: they want healthy fishery to sustain their fishing, and we want a healthy fishery to sustain our ability to export water. And we have an identity of interest. It’s just how we come at the problem.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/36893/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11059","quest_11063","quest_797","quest_21","quest_11062","quest_1103","quest_3351","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2477","quest_11060","quest_11061","quest_3108","quest_11064"],"featImg":"quest_36935","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_37019":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_37019","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"37019","score":null,"sort":[1336176042000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whiskey%e2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%e2%80%99s-for-fighting-about","title":"\"Whiskey’s for Drinking, Water’s for Fighting About\"","publishDate":1336176042,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>“Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about,” the quote famously attributed to Mark Twain, aptly characterizes the tumultuous history of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Little understood, but hotly contested, the roughly 1,000-square mile inland estuary on the western edge of the Central Valley has vexed California’s for more than 150 years; first as a barrier to settlement and later as a serious plumbing problem. The Delta was formed roughly 18,000 years ago, when melting glaciers carved out the San Francisco Bay and northern rivers dragged debris and sediment from the Sierra toward the ocean. About half of California’s watersheds flow into it – mainly through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700’s, they thought they had discovered an inland sea. A vast low-lying, partly submerged marshland of wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels, the Delta teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. It’s only human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there during the drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Delta, dotted with levees and constructed islands, bears little resemblance to its native state; much has been reclaimed for agricultural use. But it wasn’t until the mid-Nineteenth Century, just over 150 years ago, that its momentous physical transformation began. It’s been a Herculean effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded and insatiably thirsty population, nearly two-thirds of who rely on the Delta as a primary water source. A stark symbol of our quest to bend nature to our will, the Delta also remains the epicenter of an epic drama of seemingly insurmountable political battles and power struggles, pitting north against south; farmer against environmentalist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did it get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick paddle through the key events in the slideshow above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A stark symbol of our quest to bend nature to our will, the Delta remains the epicenter of an epic drama of seemingly insurmountable political battles and power struggles, pitting north against south; farmer against environmentalist.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366750117,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":340},"headData":{"title":"\"Whiskey’s for Drinking, Water’s for Fighting About\" | KQED","description":"A stark symbol of our quest to bend nature to our will, the Delta remains the epicenter of an epic drama of seemingly insurmountable political battles and power struggles, pitting north against south; farmer against environmentalist.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"37019 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=slideshows&p=37019","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/whiskey%e2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%e2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/","disqusTitle":"\"Whiskey’s for Drinking, Water’s for Fighting About\"","path":"/quest/37019/whiskey%e2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%e2%80%99s-for-fighting-about","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“Whiskey’s for drinking, water’s for fighting about,” the quote famously attributed to Mark Twain, aptly characterizes the tumultuous history of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Little understood, but hotly contested, the roughly 1,000-square mile inland estuary on the western edge of the Central Valley has vexed California’s for more than 150 years; first as a barrier to settlement and later as a serious plumbing problem. The Delta was formed roughly 18,000 years ago, when melting glaciers carved out the San Francisco Bay and northern rivers dragged debris and sediment from the Sierra toward the ocean. About half of California’s watersheds flow into it – mainly through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Spanish explorers first viewed the Delta from the top of Mt. Diablo in the late 1700’s, they thought they had discovered an inland sea. A vast low-lying, partly submerged marshland of wetland plants (tules) and winding tidal channels, the Delta teemed with birds and game animals, including elk, antelope, and grizzly bears. It’s only human inhabitants – small settlements of Miwok Indians – fished and hunted there during the drier months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Delta, dotted with levees and constructed islands, bears little resemblance to its native state; much has been reclaimed for agricultural use. But it wasn’t until the mid-Nineteenth Century, just over 150 years ago, that its momentous physical transformation began. It’s been a Herculean effort to meet the steep demands of California’s increasingly crowded and insatiably thirsty population, nearly two-thirds of who rely on the Delta as a primary water source. A stark symbol of our quest to bend nature to our will, the Delta also remains the epicenter of an epic drama of seemingly insurmountable political battles and power struggles, pitting north against south; farmer against environmentalist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how did it get like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a quick paddle through the key events in the slideshow above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/37019/whiskey%e2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%e2%80%99s-for-fighting-about","authors":["1263"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11059","quest_11063","quest_797","quest_21","quest_11062","quest_1103","quest_1233","quest_11067","quest_3351","quest_11068","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2477","quest_11060","quest_2658","quest_11061","quest_3108","quest_11064"],"featImg":"quest_37115","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_37006":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_37006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"37006","score":null,"sort":[1336176034000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc","title":"Different Deltas: Q&A with Barry Nelson of the Natural Resources Defense Council","publishDate":1336176034,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":11058,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Barry Nelson\u003c/strong>, the Senior Policy Analyst for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Q&A with Jason Peltier\u003c/a> of the Westlands Water District\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37011\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37011\" title=\"Barry-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg\" alt=\"Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When were the first signs that the Delta ecosystem was in trouble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 1960s, we’ve seen a steadily growing trend of diversions from the Delta. If you look at long-term averages, you filter out the impacts of droughts and wet years, we’ve taken more and more and more water from the Delta pretty steadily for the last 50 years, and that really hit a crisis point in the ‘90s. That’s the point at which we started seeing the winter-run salmon and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/fish/Delta_smelt/index.html\">Delta smelt\u003c/a> being protected under the state and federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ten years ago, things really changed dramatically. Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed. It was called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/pod/pod_index.html\">pelagic organism decline\u003c/a>.” But what it meant was pretty simple: that everything swimming in the Delta was in deep trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now we’ve got half a dozen species in deep trouble in the estuary and a fishing industry that’s honestly fighting for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What caused their decline?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of work has been done looking at this catastrophic, across-the-board, collapse of the Bay Delta ecosystem. And the bottom line was recognition that, while there are lots of stressors, there are pollution problems in the ecosystem. We do have invasive species like clams that have come from overseas. But the core problem is the amount of water we pump out of that system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a huge fight in the courts over this issue. And ultimately, the courts and then the agencies imposed a new set of rules that really have returned us to the level of pumping we saw for about 30 years prior to the 2000’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And what were those rules on pumping?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Delta’s a complicated ecosystem. As water flows through it, it flows through it in a complicated pattern. Fish have evolved to survive with that pattern; water coming through at certain times of year, and flowing through those Delta channels into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, the federal rules control two things: the amount of water that flows all the way through the ecosystem into the Bay in order to maintain a healthy ecosystem and the extent to which some of the channels within the Delta flow backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow in these Delta channels. And if you’re a young migrating salmon swimming downstream towards the ocean as Mother Nature programmed you, when the Delta channels are flowing the wrong direction, it’s very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps. And that’s why those pumps have killed in the last decade or so not a million fish, not tens of millions of fish, but over a hundred million young fish killed just at the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So if you could design your ideal plan for the Delta, what would that look like? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we know we need to see some real habitat restoration in the Delta. We’ve converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland, and in order to restore a healthy Delta, we need to return some of that to habitat. And actually I think that’s something where there’s a fair amount of agreement. How you do that is not trivial, but I think there’s a fair amount of agreement around that. And given the challenge of maintaining all of the existing levees in perpetuity, the question is: are we going to do it in a planned and thoughtful way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, we really don’t have a choice but to maintain a lot of our Delta levees for a couple of decades. It’s going to take a long time to make major changes in the Delta. And there is so much infrastructure, the Delta communities, Delta farming, and water supply that depend on Delta levees today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, from our perspective, the challenge we face in terms of exporting water from the Delta is first figuring out how much water we can safely pump from the Delta. And then designing a facility around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’re talking about the “peripheral canal,” right? A canal or tunnel that would take water around the Delta?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there are two conflicting visions for a facility in the Delta. One is the old plan. Fifty years ago, the state of California was planning to build a peripheral canal around the Delta, an enormous facility that would allow those pumps in the south Delta to take water from the north Delta and pump it around the Delta rather than through Delta channels. And that was really a simple proposal to simply take more water from the ecosystem. We know now that that, the amount of water that that would have taken would have been devastating to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the old version of the canal. But there’s a new version out there. And that is a proposal to deal with earthquake risks in the Delta. It’s to deal with the fact that there really are earthquake risks in the Delta that represent significant threats to water supply. And a facility could provide a lifeline in case the Delta was to temporarily fail. What we’re struggling with right now is that we have competing interests in California advancing two different visions for what the problem is in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With such a long history of disagreement, what are the chances of agreeing on a plan? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason that the discussion on the Delta is so politically heated that people don’t usually talk about. And that is California is out of rivers. If you look around the state of California at the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_River\">Colorado River\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klamath_River\">Klamath River\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_River_%28California%29\">Trinity River\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens_River\">Owens River\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin\u003c/a>, on and on, we’ve really started to hit real hard physical limits in the amount of water we can take out of all of those rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago we weren’t paying enough attention to sea level rise impacts. We weren’t really thinking about earthquake risks in, in the Delta. So there really is a sense that we need to figure this problem out this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what makes the Delta debate so compelling. The Delta is an incredibly important ecosystem. It’s an incredibly important place for a quarter million people who live there. And it’s a tremendously important water supply for the state of California. There are a lot of reasons why our planning efforts today could fail, but it’s so important to the future of the state. It’s so important to the health of the Bay and the Bay Area, it’s so important to the future of the salmon industry, to the residents of the Delta. We can’t let that effort fail.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"QUEST Radio Reporter Lauren Sommer interviews Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council about the pressures on the Delta ecosystem and the competing plans to manage them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366749569,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1338},"headData":{"title":"Different Deltas: Q&A with Barry Nelson of the Natural Resources Defense Council | KQED","description":"QUEST Radio Reporter Lauren Sommer interviews Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council about the pressures on the Delta ecosystem and the competing plans to manage them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"37006 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/","disqusTitle":"Different Deltas: Q&A with Barry Nelson of the Natural Resources Defense Council","path":"/quest/37006/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Water from the Delta has been fought over for more than a half century. Reporter Lauren Sommer sat down with \u003cstrong>Barry Nelson\u003c/strong>, the Senior Policy Analyst for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> to discuss the future of the Delta and California’s water supply. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For another viewpoint, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Q&A with Jason Peltier\u003c/a> of the Westlands Water District\u003c/em> or see the rest of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37011\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37011\" title=\"Barry-Head-shot160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg\" alt=\"Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Barry-Head-shot1601-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barry Nelson, Senior Policy Analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When were the first signs that the Delta ecosystem was in trouble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 1960s, we’ve seen a steadily growing trend of diversions from the Delta. If you look at long-term averages, you filter out the impacts of droughts and wet years, we’ve taken more and more and more water from the Delta pretty steadily for the last 50 years, and that really hit a crisis point in the ‘90s. That’s the point at which we started seeing the winter-run salmon and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/fish/Delta_smelt/index.html\">Delta smelt\u003c/a> being protected under the state and federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/esa.html\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ten years ago, things really changed dramatically. Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed. It was called the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.science.calwater.ca.gov/pod/pod_index.html\">pelagic organism decline\u003c/a>.” But what it meant was pretty simple: that everything swimming in the Delta was in deep trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now we’ve got half a dozen species in deep trouble in the estuary and a fishing industry that’s honestly fighting for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What caused their decline?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of work has been done looking at this catastrophic, across-the-board, collapse of the Bay Delta ecosystem. And the bottom line was recognition that, while there are lots of stressors, there are pollution problems in the ecosystem. We do have invasive species like clams that have come from overseas. But the core problem is the amount of water we pump out of that system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a huge fight in the courts over this issue. And ultimately, the courts and then the agencies imposed a new set of rules that really have returned us to the level of pumping we saw for about 30 years prior to the 2000’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And what were those rules on pumping?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Starting in 2000, suddenly we started taking a lot more water out of the Delta for a lot of reasons. It was an enormous increase, about a 20% increase on average. And the ecosystem crashed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Delta’s a complicated ecosystem. As water flows through it, it flows through it in a complicated pattern. Fish have evolved to survive with that pattern; water coming through at certain times of year, and flowing through those Delta channels into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, the federal rules control two things: the amount of water that flows all the way through the ecosystem into the Bay in order to maintain a healthy ecosystem and the extent to which some of the channels within the Delta flow backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow in these Delta channels. And if you’re a young migrating salmon swimming downstream towards the ocean as Mother Nature programmed you, when the Delta channels are flowing the wrong direction, it’s very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps. And that’s why those pumps have killed in the last decade or so not a million fish, not tens of millions of fish, but over a hundred million young fish killed just at the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So if you could design your ideal plan for the Delta, what would that look like? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, we know we need to see some real habitat restoration in the Delta. We’ve converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland, and in order to restore a healthy Delta, we need to return some of that to habitat. And actually I think that’s something where there’s a fair amount of agreement. How you do that is not trivial, but I think there’s a fair amount of agreement around that. And given the challenge of maintaining all of the existing levees in perpetuity, the question is: are we going to do it in a planned and thoughtful way?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, we really don’t have a choice but to maintain a lot of our Delta levees for a couple of decades. It’s going to take a long time to make major changes in the Delta. And there is so much infrastructure, the Delta communities, Delta farming, and water supply that depend on Delta levees today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, from our perspective, the challenge we face in terms of exporting water from the Delta is first figuring out how much water we can safely pump from the Delta. And then designing a facility around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’re talking about the “peripheral canal,” right? A canal or tunnel that would take water around the Delta?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there are two conflicting visions for a facility in the Delta. One is the old plan. Fifty years ago, the state of California was planning to build a peripheral canal around the Delta, an enormous facility that would allow those pumps in the south Delta to take water from the north Delta and pump it around the Delta rather than through Delta channels. And that was really a simple proposal to simply take more water from the ecosystem. We know now that that, the amount of water that that would have taken would have been devastating to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the old version of the canal. But there’s a new version out there. And that is a proposal to deal with earthquake risks in the Delta. It’s to deal with the fact that there really are earthquake risks in the Delta that represent significant threats to water supply. And a facility could provide a lifeline in case the Delta was to temporarily fail. What we’re struggling with right now is that we have competing interests in California advancing two different visions for what the problem is in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With such a long history of disagreement, what are the chances of agreeing on a plan? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason that the discussion on the Delta is so politically heated that people don’t usually talk about. And that is California is out of rivers. If you look around the state of California at the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_River\">Colorado River\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klamath_River\">Klamath River\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_River_%28California%29\">Trinity River\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens_River\">Owens River\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/restoration-of-the-san-joaquin-river/\">San Joaquin\u003c/a>, on and on, we’ve really started to hit real hard physical limits in the amount of water we can take out of all of those rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago we weren’t paying enough attention to sea level rise impacts. We weren’t really thinking about earthquake risks in, in the Delta. So there really is a sense that we need to figure this problem out this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what makes the Delta debate so compelling. The Delta is an incredibly important ecosystem. It’s an incredibly important place for a quarter million people who live there. And it’s a tremendously important water supply for the state of California. There are a lot of reasons why our planning efforts today could fail, but it’s so important to the future of the state. It’s so important to the health of the Bay and the Bay Area, it’s so important to the future of the salmon industry, to the residents of the Delta. We can’t let that effort fail.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/37006/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc","authors":["239"],"series":["quest_11058"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8","quest_9","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_11059","quest_11063","quest_797","quest_21","quest_11062","quest_1103","quest_3351","quest_2014","quest_11065","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2477","quest_11060","quest_11061","quest_3108"],"featImg":"quest_37014","label":"quest_11058"},"quest_31368":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_31368","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"31368","score":null,"sort":[1330110037000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"eavesdropping-on-the-heart-a-patient%e2%80%99s-campaign-for-access","title":"Eavesdropping on the Heart: A Patient’s Campaign for Access","publishDate":1330110037,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-27-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31386\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/x-ray-hugocampos-pa_scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/x-ray-hugocampos-pa_scaled-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"An X-ray showing Hugo Campos's ICD\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31386\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An X-ray showing Hugo Campos's ICD. (Courtesy of Hugo Campos)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each year, hundreds of thousands of Americans are implanted with tiny, battery-controlled devices that regulate the beating of their hearts. Those devices transmit streams of medical data directly to doctors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these are ICDs – implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. They’re miraculous, life saving devices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider what happened one October afternoon to 45 year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_19847981\">Hugo Campos\u003c/a>, who lives in Oakland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos was in San Francisco’s Mission District on his way to meet a friend for lunch, when suddenly he felt weak, as if about to faint. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was on the corner of 16th and Valencia Streets, “not a pretty place to pass out,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My concern was not falling where people had spit! I'm facing death and I'm worried about falling where there's spit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He felt an urgent need to call his partner, tell him where he was. But there was no time. Campos’s brain was shutting down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I leaned against the wall and I expected to fall. And then it passed. It went away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos has a genetic heart disease called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a thickening of the heart muscle that can prevent the heart from effectively pumping blood to the brain and body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily for Campos, his doctors were able to diagnose the disease before it suddenly killed him, as it does in many young athletes, for example. In 2007, Campos had the ICD implanted in his chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/HC_Scale.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/HC_Scale-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hugo Campos\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31387\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hugo Campos\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On that October afternoon, the device had two options: It could deliver a powerful jolt of electricity – like those defibrillator paddles you’ve seen on TV. Instead, it acted like a pacemaker, delivering small electrical pulses that coax the heart back to its normal rhythm. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICD probably saved his life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All systems are go again,” he says, recalling that moment. “You feel the blood rushing to your head. It feels great. Life feels great. It feels outstanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While life-saving, the ICD comes with a downside. When the device performs its defibrillator function, the shock is powerful and can be excruciating. Some ICDs have been known to defibrillate spontaneously, an experience patients describe as \u003ca href=\"http://circep.ahajournals.org/content/4/2/242.extract\">traumatic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fear of a shock, along with the ever-present possibility of sudden heart failure and death, has changed Campos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s given him a fervent desire to know, and to control as best he can, what’s happening inside his body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos is a web designer, and you could describe his attitude as a Silicon Valley approach to heath: He’s had his genome sequenced. He sleeps with a Zeo sleep monitor, and goes nowhere without his FitBit pedometer. Last December, Campos \u003ca href=\"http://quantifiedself.com/hugo-campos/\">photographed\u003c/a> every morsel of food he ate, for a month, removing meat and dairy from his diet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos wants the same access to what’s happening inside his ICD. He doesn’t want to have to go to his doctor for the occasional print out of his intracardiac electrogram. He wants the complete raw data, on demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Medtronic, which makes Campos's ICD, told him that the data was only available through his doctor. Since then, he’s met with Medtronic officials and made his case widely in the media (including this recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_19847981\">Mercury News story\u003c/a>) and online, in a widely-watched \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedxcambridge.com/thrive/hugo-campos/\">TedX talk\u003c/a>. Another inquiry to Medtronic, in 2011 generated a similar response. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other patients, like \u003ca href=\"http://icdusergroup.blogspot.com/2011/12/karen-sandler-cyber-lawyer-running-on.html\">Karen Sandler\u003c/a>, of Massachussets, make Campos’s demands look modest in comparison. A freedom of information lawyer, Sandler wants the full source code for her ICD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing a cultural shift,” says Paul Tang, a physician in Palo Alto who has advised the White House on health information policy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tang believes this whole issue of data and access is just starting to unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says soon, many more of us will have devices in our lives that can monitor our health and transmit that information to our doctors. Our iPhones can tell doctors how much we're exercising. The bathroom scale can report weight gain. Credit card companies could even tell our doctor what kinds of food we're buying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future,” says Tang, “I think we’re going to take advantage of much more of these signals that either emanate from your body, or can be determined noninvasively, and provide feedback on how the things you do in everyday life affect your health.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tang sees this new age of medical data as a boon for patients, a way to fully engage people in their health, so that they can see the way day-to-day decisions affect their body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed by President Obama in 2010, will give patients far more access to their medical data than every before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Campos worries that the sheer volume of new data being created, as well as the ability to remotely transmit that data directly to physicians, could end up shutting patients out of their own healthcare, even replacing traditional visits to the doctor's office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says unless patients start demanding full access to their medical data now, they risk being left out of the loop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I should be in charge of it in the same way I'm in charge of my financial information,” he says. “It’s just a matter of putting the patient in the center of their own care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Campos’s ICD crusade seems to be working. A spokesman for Medtronic says the company is now willing to give Campos his raw data, and is working on ways to make this happen. The spokesman added that the company is willing to do the same for other ICD patients who request to see their raw data, as well. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos says he’ll believe it when he sees it. \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"You could call it a sort of Silicon Valley approach to health: Campos has had his genome sequenced; he sleeps with a sleep monitor, and goes nowhere without his pedometer. He wants the same access to the information coming out of his own heart. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1370996717,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1026},"headData":{"title":"Eavesdropping on the Heart: A Patient’s Campaign for Access | KQED","description":"You could call it a sort of Silicon Valley approach to health: Campos has had his genome sequenced; he sleeps with a sleep monitor, and goes nowhere without his pedometer. He wants the same access to the information coming out of his own heart. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"31368 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=31368","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/02/24/eavesdropping-on-the-heart-a-patient%e2%80%99s-campaign-for-access/","disqusTitle":"Eavesdropping on the Heart: A Patient’s Campaign for Access","path":"/quest/31368/eavesdropping-on-the-heart-a-patient%e2%80%99s-campaign-for-access","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-27-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/02/2012-02-27-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31386\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/x-ray-hugocampos-pa_scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/x-ray-hugocampos-pa_scaled-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"An X-ray showing Hugo Campos's ICD\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31386\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An X-ray showing Hugo Campos's ICD. (Courtesy of Hugo Campos)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each year, hundreds of thousands of Americans are implanted with tiny, battery-controlled devices that regulate the beating of their hearts. Those devices transmit streams of medical data directly to doctors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these are ICDs – implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. They’re miraculous, life saving devices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider what happened one October afternoon to 45 year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_19847981\">Hugo Campos\u003c/a>, who lives in Oakland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos was in San Francisco’s Mission District on his way to meet a friend for lunch, when suddenly he felt weak, as if about to faint. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was on the corner of 16th and Valencia Streets, “not a pretty place to pass out,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My concern was not falling where people had spit! I'm facing death and I'm worried about falling where there's spit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He felt an urgent need to call his partner, tell him where he was. But there was no time. Campos’s brain was shutting down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I leaned against the wall and I expected to fall. And then it passed. It went away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos has a genetic heart disease called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a thickening of the heart muscle that can prevent the heart from effectively pumping blood to the brain and body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily for Campos, his doctors were able to diagnose the disease before it suddenly killed him, as it does in many young athletes, for example. In 2007, Campos had the ICD implanted in his chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31387\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/HC_Scale.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/02/HC_Scale-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Hugo Campos\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-31387\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hugo Campos\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On that October afternoon, the device had two options: It could deliver a powerful jolt of electricity – like those defibrillator paddles you’ve seen on TV. Instead, it acted like a pacemaker, delivering small electrical pulses that coax the heart back to its normal rhythm. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICD probably saved his life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All systems are go again,” he says, recalling that moment. “You feel the blood rushing to your head. It feels great. Life feels great. It feels outstanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While life-saving, the ICD comes with a downside. When the device performs its defibrillator function, the shock is powerful and can be excruciating. Some ICDs have been known to defibrillate spontaneously, an experience patients describe as \u003ca href=\"http://circep.ahajournals.org/content/4/2/242.extract\">traumatic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fear of a shock, along with the ever-present possibility of sudden heart failure and death, has changed Campos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s given him a fervent desire to know, and to control as best he can, what’s happening inside his body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos is a web designer, and you could describe his attitude as a Silicon Valley approach to heath: He’s had his genome sequenced. He sleeps with a Zeo sleep monitor, and goes nowhere without his FitBit pedometer. Last December, Campos \u003ca href=\"http://quantifiedself.com/hugo-campos/\">photographed\u003c/a> every morsel of food he ate, for a month, removing meat and dairy from his diet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos wants the same access to what’s happening inside his ICD. He doesn’t want to have to go to his doctor for the occasional print out of his intracardiac electrogram. He wants the complete raw data, on demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Medtronic, which makes Campos's ICD, told him that the data was only available through his doctor. Since then, he’s met with Medtronic officials and made his case widely in the media (including this recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_19847981\">Mercury News story\u003c/a>) and online, in a widely-watched \u003ca href=\"http://www.tedxcambridge.com/thrive/hugo-campos/\">TedX talk\u003c/a>. Another inquiry to Medtronic, in 2011 generated a similar response. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other patients, like \u003ca href=\"http://icdusergroup.blogspot.com/2011/12/karen-sandler-cyber-lawyer-running-on.html\">Karen Sandler\u003c/a>, of Massachussets, make Campos’s demands look modest in comparison. A freedom of information lawyer, Sandler wants the full source code for her ICD. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing a cultural shift,” says Paul Tang, a physician in Palo Alto who has advised the White House on health information policy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tang believes this whole issue of data and access is just starting to unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says soon, many more of us will have devices in our lives that can monitor our health and transmit that information to our doctors. Our iPhones can tell doctors how much we're exercising. The bathroom scale can report weight gain. Credit card companies could even tell our doctor what kinds of food we're buying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future,” says Tang, “I think we’re going to take advantage of much more of these signals that either emanate from your body, or can be determined noninvasively, and provide feedback on how the things you do in everyday life affect your health.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tang sees this new age of medical data as a boon for patients, a way to fully engage people in their health, so that they can see the way day-to-day decisions affect their body. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed by President Obama in 2010, will give patients far more access to their medical data than every before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Campos worries that the sheer volume of new data being created, as well as the ability to remotely transmit that data directly to physicians, could end up shutting patients out of their own healthcare, even replacing traditional visits to the doctor's office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says unless patients start demanding full access to their medical data now, they risk being left out of the loop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I should be in charge of it in the same way I'm in charge of my financial information,” he says. “It’s just a matter of putting the patient in the center of their own care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Campos’s ICD crusade seems to be working. A spokesman for Medtronic says the company is now willing to give Campos his raw data, and is working on ways to make this happen. The spokesman added that the company is willing to do the same for other ICD patients who request to see their raw data, as well. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos says he’ll believe it when he sees it. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/31368/eavesdropping-on-the-heart-a-patient%e2%80%99s-campaign-for-access","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_21","quest_13201","quest_10737","quest_10735","quest_10736","quest_10738","quest_13203","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_31386","label":"quest"},"quest_26333":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_26333","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"26333","score":null,"sort":[1320178039000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"collecting-environmental-dna-edna-in-the-fight-against-invasive-species","title":"Collecting \"Environmental DNA\" (eDNA) in the Fight Against Invasive Species","publishDate":1320178039,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003ch3>Environmental DNA Questions Answered\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\nEnvironmental DNA or eDNA is a surveillance tool used by scientists at the University of Notre Dame in conjunction with the Nature Conservancy to determine whether silver carp and bighead carp are present in rivers, lakes and waterways. Because there may only be a few of the carp in a large body of water, this process allows the scientists to determine the presence of these invasive species without positive visual identification. Take a look at these links for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/AsianCarp/background.htm\">Background & Risks of Asian Carp\u003c/a> \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This US Army Corps of Engineers page is a good place to get answers to questions about Asian carp. Find out why this species was imported to the United States, why the carp are a problem, and how you can help to keep them from spreading to other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://asiancarp.org/\">Asian Carp Control\u003c/a>: The official website of the Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend some time clicking around on this site—it’s a treasure trove of information. You’ll find the schedule for the sampling locations and results from previous trips. There is a handy list of all the state and federal agencies involved with the Asian carp project. There’s even a poster to help you identify an Asian carp with instructions on what to do if you find one and much, much more.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nEnvironmental DNA Research in the Center for Aquatic Conservation at the University of Notre Dame\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the homepage of the eDNA research center QUEST Wisconsin visited for the story. Find out about other research going on in the field, meet the scientists and see what they’ve published on the subject.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nEnvironmental DNA Elicits Rapid Response, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/FWSJournal/regmap.cfm?arskey=30221\">US Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> journal entry\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heather Calkins writes about her experience assisting the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by searching for silver carp after a positive “hit” of eDNA in Lake Calumet.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00158.x/pdf\">“Sight-unseen” detection of rare aquatic species using environmental DNA\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dig in deep with this scholarly letter written by the University of Notre Dame scientists in the forefront of eDNA research. Christopher Jerde, Andrew Mahon, Lindsay Chatterton, and David Lodge discuss their detailed game plan for finding elusive Asian carp in the Chicago area waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/AsianCarp/eDNA.htm\">eDNA Monitoring results\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This US Army Corps of Engineer site links you to the results from specific eDNA sample collecting trips. The Surveillance Status Map indicates where there was Asian carp eDNA found in each of the locations visited and whether it was silver or bighead carp.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nFor more information, view our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cool-critters-lake-erie-water-snake\">Cool Critters: Lake Erie Water Snake\u003c/a> video segment. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Share additional websites you’ve found helpful in the comment section.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists from federal and state agencies are regularly collecting samples of the water in the Chicago Area Waterway System looking for DNA cells that have been shed by Asian carp. Finding this environmental DNA (eDNA) would indicate the invasive species is present in the area. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443831760,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":466},"headData":{"title":"Collecting \"Environmental DNA\" (eDNA) in the Fight Against Invasive Species | KQED","description":"Scientists from federal and state agencies are regularly collecting samples of the water in the Chicago Area Waterway System looking for DNA cells that have been shed by Asian carp. Finding this environmental DNA (eDNA) would indicate the invasive species is present in the area. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26333 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=slideshows&p=26333","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/11/01/collecting-environmental-dna-edna-in-the-fight-against-invasive-species/","disqusTitle":"Collecting \"Environmental DNA\" (eDNA) in the Fight Against Invasive Species","WpOldSlug":"collecting-environmetnal-dna-edna-in-the-fight-against-invasive-species","path":"/quest/26333/collecting-environmental-dna-edna-in-the-fight-against-invasive-species","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>Environmental DNA Questions Answered\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\nEnvironmental DNA or eDNA is a surveillance tool used by scientists at the University of Notre Dame in conjunction with the Nature Conservancy to determine whether silver carp and bighead carp are present in rivers, lakes and waterways. Because there may only be a few of the carp in a large body of water, this process allows the scientists to determine the presence of these invasive species without positive visual identification. Take a look at these links for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/AsianCarp/background.htm\">Background & Risks of Asian Carp\u003c/a> \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This US Army Corps of Engineers page is a good place to get answers to questions about Asian carp. Find out why this species was imported to the United States, why the carp are a problem, and how you can help to keep them from spreading to other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://asiancarp.org/\">Asian Carp Control\u003c/a>: The official website of the Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend some time clicking around on this site—it’s a treasure trove of information. You’ll find the schedule for the sampling locations and results from previous trips. There is a handy list of all the state and federal agencies involved with the Asian carp project. There’s even a poster to help you identify an Asian carp with instructions on what to do if you find one and much, much more.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nEnvironmental DNA Research in the Center for Aquatic Conservation at the University of Notre Dame\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the homepage of the eDNA research center QUEST Wisconsin visited for the story. Find out about other research going on in the field, meet the scientists and see what they’ve published on the subject.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nEnvironmental DNA Elicits Rapid Response, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/FWSJournal/regmap.cfm?arskey=30221\">US Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> journal entry\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heather Calkins writes about her experience assisting the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by searching for silver carp after a positive “hit” of eDNA in Lake Calumet.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00158.x/pdf\">“Sight-unseen” detection of rare aquatic species using environmental DNA\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dig in deep with this scholarly letter written by the University of Notre Dame scientists in the forefront of eDNA research. Christopher Jerde, Andrew Mahon, Lindsay Chatterton, and David Lodge discuss their detailed game plan for finding elusive Asian carp in the Chicago area waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/AsianCarp/eDNA.htm\">eDNA Monitoring results\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This US Army Corps of Engineer site links you to the results from specific eDNA sample collecting trips. The Surveillance Status Map indicates where there was Asian carp eDNA found in each of the locations visited and whether it was silver or bighead carp.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nFor more information, view our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cool-critters-lake-erie-water-snake\">Cool Critters: Lake Erie Water Snake\u003c/a> video segment. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Share additional websites you’ve found helpful in the comment section.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/26333/collecting-environmental-dna-edna-in-the-fight-against-invasive-species","authors":["10292"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_10378","quest_21","quest_10336","quest_10338","quest_3969","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_12355","quest_2658"],"featImg":"quest_26337","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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