Science Spotlight: Fish, Swim Bladders and Boyle's Law
Bringing Fish Up from the Deep
Sponsored
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In 2006, she joined the KQED arts series, \"Spark\" as Coordinating Producer, and became Series Producer in its 6th season. Segments she produced for the series earned her four Northern California Emmy nominations. Adrienne then went on to work with social justice media company The Working Group, serving as a producer on their national PBS film “Not In Our Town; Light In the Darkness”, a portrait of a Long Island community in the aftermath of a hate crime. Most recently, Adrienne was the Coordinating Producer of the national PBS series \"Sound Tracks: Music Without Borders\", which uses music to tell stories about international culture and politics. In the course of her broadcasting career, Adrienne has also contributed to programming for ABC News/Nightline, This Week in Northern California, and Austin City Limits.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/150f7aae3580f59f325d849e4b9ca87e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["edit_users","promote_users","remove_users","subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Adrienne Calo | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/150f7aae3580f59f325d849e4b9ca87e?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/150f7aae3580f59f325d849e4b9ca87e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/acalo"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_73927":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_73927","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"73927","score":null,"sort":[1426202638000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-spotlight-fish-swim-bladders-and-boyles-law","title":"Science Spotlight: Fish, Swim Bladders and Boyle's Law","publishDate":1426202638,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":13156,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Trouble viewing the video? Download or stream it on\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/b6da2a56-eab8-4829-bdb1-956cf48be126/science-spotlight-fish-swim-bladders-and-boyles-law/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by Lauren Farrar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\"> California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> have recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\"> engineered a device \u003c/a> that allows them to collect newly-discovered fish species from the ocean’s “twilight zone” and safely bring them up to the surface to study. Prior to this invention, it was difficult for scientists to study fish in this region because many fish can’t handle the rapid change in pressure they experience when being transported to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In water, pressure increases with depth. When you are submerged in a body of water, like the ocean, you experience pressure from the force of the water surrounding you. At the surface, the pressure from the water is the same as the pressure from the air. However, as you descend, pressure increases because there is more water above you. The weight from all that water creates a greater force pushing against you, therefore you experience greater pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does this pressure matter for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many fish have a gas-filled organ, called a “swim bladder,” that helps them maintain their buoyancy. Because the swim bladder is filled with gas, it’s hard for fish to handle quick changes in pressure. Boyle’s Law explains the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas. As pressure increases, the volume of a gas decreases; and, as pressure decreases, the volume of a gas increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if scientists bring fish from the twilight zone—where the pressure is high—to the surface, where the pressure is lower, the volume of the gases in the swim bladder increases causing the swim bladder to expand. The swim bladder can expand so much that it can crush other vital organs inside the fish and cause the fish to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the above video, Matt Wandell, a biologist at the California Academy of Sciences, demonstrates how pressure affects a fish’s swim bladder. Wandell was among one of the scientists that helped engineer a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\">portable fish decompression chamber \u003c/a> to safely bring fish up from the twilight zone. This device maintains high pressures while fish ascend to the surface. Once at the surface, the chamber is hooked up to a pump that slowly decreases the pressure in the chamber. This allows enough time for the fish to regulate the gas in their swim bladders and adjust to life at a lower pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Science Spotlight is a companion video to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\"> Bringing Fish Up from the Deep \u003c/a> and is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://learning.kqed.org/ebook/decompression\"> Engineering Is: Bringing Fish Up from the Deep\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind the California Academy of Sciences’ portable decompression chamber, and includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find our other e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\"> kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Watch this demonstration of Boyle's Law that shows how changes in pressure affect a fish's swim bladder.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1433544462,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":480},"headData":{"title":"Science Spotlight: Fish, Swim Bladders and Boyle's Law | KQED","description":"Watch this demonstration of Boyle's Law that shows how changes in pressure affect a fish's swim bladder.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"73927 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=73927","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/03/12/science-spotlight-fish-swim-bladders-and-boyles-law/","disqusTitle":"Science Spotlight: Fish, Swim Bladders and Boyle's Law","videoEmbed":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbVk0tQBMz0","path":"/quest/73927/science-spotlight-fish-swim-bladders-and-boyles-law","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Trouble viewing the video? Download or stream it on\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/b6da2a56-eab8-4829-bdb1-956cf48be126/science-spotlight-fish-swim-bladders-and-boyles-law/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by Lauren Farrar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\"> California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> have recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\"> engineered a device \u003c/a> that allows them to collect newly-discovered fish species from the ocean’s “twilight zone” and safely bring them up to the surface to study. Prior to this invention, it was difficult for scientists to study fish in this region because many fish can’t handle the rapid change in pressure they experience when being transported to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In water, pressure increases with depth. When you are submerged in a body of water, like the ocean, you experience pressure from the force of the water surrounding you. At the surface, the pressure from the water is the same as the pressure from the air. However, as you descend, pressure increases because there is more water above you. The weight from all that water creates a greater force pushing against you, therefore you experience greater pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does this pressure matter for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many fish have a gas-filled organ, called a “swim bladder,” that helps them maintain their buoyancy. Because the swim bladder is filled with gas, it’s hard for fish to handle quick changes in pressure. Boyle’s Law explains the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas. As pressure increases, the volume of a gas decreases; and, as pressure decreases, the volume of a gas increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if scientists bring fish from the twilight zone—where the pressure is high—to the surface, where the pressure is lower, the volume of the gases in the swim bladder increases causing the swim bladder to expand. The swim bladder can expand so much that it can crush other vital organs inside the fish and cause the fish to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the above video, Matt Wandell, a biologist at the California Academy of Sciences, demonstrates how pressure affects a fish’s swim bladder. Wandell was among one of the scientists that helped engineer a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\">portable fish decompression chamber \u003c/a> to safely bring fish up from the twilight zone. This device maintains high pressures while fish ascend to the surface. Once at the surface, the chamber is hooked up to a pump that slowly decreases the pressure in the chamber. This allows enough time for the fish to regulate the gas in their swim bladders and adjust to life at a lower pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Science Spotlight is a companion video to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\"> Bringing Fish Up from the Deep \u003c/a> and is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://learning.kqed.org/ebook/decompression\"> Engineering Is: Bringing Fish Up from the Deep\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind the California Academy of Sciences’ portable decompression chamber, and includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find our other e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\"> kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/73927/science-spotlight-fish-swim-bladders-and-boyles-law","authors":["10423"],"categories":["quest_8","quest_16"],"tags":["quest_13146","quest_13138","quest_13143","quest_12946","quest_12269","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2288","quest_13144","quest_2349","quest_12289","quest_13142","quest_13139","quest_13145","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_13156"],"featImg":"quest_73929","label":"quest_13156"},"quest_73891":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_73891","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"73891","score":null,"sort":[1425590007000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep","title":"Bringing Fish Up from the Deep","publishDate":1425590007,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Having trouble viewing the video? Download or stream it on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/17f87952-7500-421d-9aa3-483b81de5abe/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by Lauren Farrar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep below the ocean’s surface lies a mysterious region known as the “twilight zone.” Located 200 to 500 feet beneath the surface, this region receives scarce amounts of light, mimicking twilight—the time of day just after sunset. Some areas of the twilight zone are vast ocean space, but some are home to incredible coral reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have many unanswered questions about this region, in part because it is so hard to reach. Diving to these depths requires specialized training and gear, and takes hours to safely ascend. Bart Shepherd and Luiz Rocha at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\"> California Academy of Sciences \u003c/a> are among a group of scientists that get to explore these depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More people have been to the surface of the moon than have been to these reefs,” says Bart Shepherd, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/steinhart-aquarium\"> Steinhart Aquarium \u003c/a> at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everywhere we go, about half of the fish are not known. They don’t have a scientific name. The other half, we didn’t know that they went that deep. So, these are all new records, either new records of depth extensions or range extensions, or new species,” says Luiz Rocha, curator of ichthyology at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists are studying the twilight zone to learn about the biodiversity of this region and the greater role it plays in the health of the ocean. “You know, one of the great questions that we still have is ‘What are the connections between the shallow reefs and these twilight zone reefs?’ And, that’s really why we are studying it. That’s really why we continue to go and look there,” explains Shepherd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their research, Shepherd and Rocha wanted to collect live fish of newly discovered species in order to study their behavior and to display in the Academy’s aquarium for the public to see. “I think in order for people to really understand and want to conserve and protect life in these depths, they really have to have a direct connection with it, and they need to be able to see things that came from there,” adds Shepherd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the researchers ran into a problem. They knew if they tried to bring fish up from that depth, the swim bladder -- an organ that helps fish maintain their buoyancy -- would expand, crushing other vital organs inside the fish, often causing the fish to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figuring out a solution to this problem was a team effort. Matt Wandell, a biologist at the Steinhart Aquarium, was a key player in designing the device that would allow fish to be brought up safely. “I had started to hear about the idea of the California Academy of Sciences going down and exploring deep under the ocean with divers, and possibly collecting fish down there. And since my job is to make sure that those fish come back healthy, I thought about different ways that we could make sure that they could handle that pressure change,” explains Wandell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team engineered a portable device in which they could collect fish during their dives. The device, known as a portable decompression chamber, was designed to maintain the pressure of the twilight zone while the fish are transported to the surface. Once at sea level, the pressure inside the chamber is slowly reduced, often over two to three days. This gives the fish enough time to safely adjust to living at lower pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this portable decompression chamber, researchers at the California Academy of Sciences have been successful in collecting fish from the twilight zone. Species from their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/diving-into-the-twilight-zone/\">recent expedition to the Philippines\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/7/27/exotic-new-aquatic-species-on-display-at-cal-academy/\">now on display\u003c/a> at the Steinhart Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://learning.kqed.org/ebook/decompression\"> Engineering Is: Bringing Fish Up from the Deep\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind the California Academy of Sciences’ portable decompression chamber, and includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find our other e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists at the California Academy of Sciences have designed a portable decompression chamber to safely bring new fish species up from the twilight zone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1445907034,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":704},"headData":{"title":"Bringing Fish Up from the Deep | KQED","description":"Scientists at the California Academy of Sciences have designed a portable decompression chamber to safely bring new fish species up from the twilight zone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"73891 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=73891","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/03/05/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/","disqusTitle":"Bringing Fish Up from the Deep","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=5&v=c-QRgVgCpCg","source":"Engineering","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/","path":"/quest/73891/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Having trouble viewing the video? Download or stream it on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/17f87952-7500-421d-9aa3-483b81de5abe/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep/\"> PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Article by Lauren Farrar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep below the ocean’s surface lies a mysterious region known as the “twilight zone.” Located 200 to 500 feet beneath the surface, this region receives scarce amounts of light, mimicking twilight—the time of day just after sunset. Some areas of the twilight zone are vast ocean space, but some are home to incredible coral reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have many unanswered questions about this region, in part because it is so hard to reach. Diving to these depths requires specialized training and gear, and takes hours to safely ascend. Bart Shepherd and Luiz Rocha at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\"> California Academy of Sciences \u003c/a> are among a group of scientists that get to explore these depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More people have been to the surface of the moon than have been to these reefs,” says Bart Shepherd, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/steinhart-aquarium\"> Steinhart Aquarium \u003c/a> at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everywhere we go, about half of the fish are not known. They don’t have a scientific name. The other half, we didn’t know that they went that deep. So, these are all new records, either new records of depth extensions or range extensions, or new species,” says Luiz Rocha, curator of ichthyology at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists are studying the twilight zone to learn about the biodiversity of this region and the greater role it plays in the health of the ocean. “You know, one of the great questions that we still have is ‘What are the connections between the shallow reefs and these twilight zone reefs?’ And, that’s really why we are studying it. That’s really why we continue to go and look there,” explains Shepherd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their research, Shepherd and Rocha wanted to collect live fish of newly discovered species in order to study their behavior and to display in the Academy’s aquarium for the public to see. “I think in order for people to really understand and want to conserve and protect life in these depths, they really have to have a direct connection with it, and they need to be able to see things that came from there,” adds Shepherd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the researchers ran into a problem. They knew if they tried to bring fish up from that depth, the swim bladder -- an organ that helps fish maintain their buoyancy -- would expand, crushing other vital organs inside the fish, often causing the fish to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figuring out a solution to this problem was a team effort. Matt Wandell, a biologist at the Steinhart Aquarium, was a key player in designing the device that would allow fish to be brought up safely. “I had started to hear about the idea of the California Academy of Sciences going down and exploring deep under the ocean with divers, and possibly collecting fish down there. And since my job is to make sure that those fish come back healthy, I thought about different ways that we could make sure that they could handle that pressure change,” explains Wandell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team engineered a portable device in which they could collect fish during their dives. The device, known as a portable decompression chamber, was designed to maintain the pressure of the twilight zone while the fish are transported to the surface. Once at sea level, the pressure inside the chamber is slowly reduced, often over two to three days. This gives the fish enough time to safely adjust to living at lower pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this portable decompression chamber, researchers at the California Academy of Sciences have been successful in collecting fish from the twilight zone. Species from their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/diving-into-the-twilight-zone/\">recent expedition to the Philippines\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/7/27/exotic-new-aquatic-species-on-display-at-cal-academy/\">now on display\u003c/a> at the Steinhart Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video is part of our \u003ca href=\"http://learning.kqed.org/ebook/decompression\"> Engineering Is: Bringing Fish Up from the Deep\u003c/a> e-book. The e-book explores the science and engineering principles behind the California Academy of Sciences’ portable decompression chamber, and includes videos, interactives and media making opportunities. You can find our other e-books at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/e-books/\">kqed.org/ebooks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/73891/bringing-fish-up-from-the-deep","authors":["10423"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_8"],"tags":["quest_439","quest_13140","quest_13138","quest_12946","quest_1099","quest_12269","quest_3351","quest_2034","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2787","quest_13139","quest_13068","quest_3071"],"collections":["quest_13156"],"featImg":"quest_73901","label":"source_quest_73891"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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