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In 2012, the state produced nearly three billion pounds, a quarter of all the cheese made in the U.S. With that cheese comes a lot of waste in the form of nutrient rich, milky water which is spread over farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 10 percent of the milk used by cheese makers turns into actual cheese. That leaves a lot of milky wastewater – something like the milky water you're left with when you rinse out an empty glass but on a much bigger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If done incorrectly, the wastewater can pollute rivers and lakes. But a startup company in the small village of Turtle Lake Wisconsin is now turning that waste into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Comstock Creamery\" href=\"http://media.eatwisconsincheese.com/resources/wi_cheese_company_search/companydetail.aspx?companyid=11&companyinfoid=21\" target=\"_blank\">Comstock Creamery\u003c/a> is a small cheese producer in western Wisconsin. Assistant Executive Manager Tom Messicci said they produce about 50,000 gallons of wastewater per day that needs to be either treated or spread over farm fields as a low grade fertilizer. Since they can’t afford a treatment plant, he said, they’ve been sending their waste to the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64001\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/RKtrucks-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. \" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. Photo credit: Rich Kremer, Wisconsin Public Radio\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We did land spreading and we used Northern Liquid Waste Management to do that for us, but that became problematic with regulations,” said Messicci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land spreading is tightly regulated by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The wastewater has high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen that could run off into nearby lakes and streams, causing oxygen depletion and blooms of noxious algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of \u003ca title=\"Turtle Lake, Wisconsin\" href=\"http://www.mapquest.com/maps?city=Turtle%20Lake&state=WI\" target=\"_blank\">Turtle Lake\u003c/a>, a startup company called \u003ca title=\"Greenwhey Energy\" href=\"http://greenwheyenergy.com/\" target=\"_blank\">GreenWhey Energy \u003c/a>is using wastewater from Comstock Creamery and other cheese plants to make natural gas, and produce electricity for the local grid, as well as heat. The $30 million construction project, which included green-energy tax credits and loans, wrapped up this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece is what’s called an “upflow anearobic digester.” Eric Ludy, a lab technician and son of one of the company’s founders, pointed to a huge concrete wall laced with dozens of large pipes. “The whole plant is built around two two-million gallon reactors,” he said. “So, behind this wall … there’s four million gallons of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is filled with anaerobic bacteria that eat the dairy wastewater and produce methane gas. Ludy said the gas is treated and eventually powers two 20-cylinder generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like massive locomotive engines and that’s basically what they are,” said Ludy. “They’re powered entirely on biogas, which is a mix of methane and carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other materials like hydrogen sulfide, and they pump out about 3.2 megawatts of electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dairy plants, meat processors, and even breweries have their own biodigesters. In Milwaukee, the Forest County Potawatomi tribe has just started operating a biodigester that's similar to GreenWhey's but smaller. But co-founder Tom Ludy said his is the first privately owned company to contract for multiple sources of food wastes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also do soy waste from soy protein,” said Ludy. “We do mustards and dressings and horseradish waste food products here –-several different ones besides dairy. But dairy is the main one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Ludy could start GreenWhey, he had to buy his bacteria –- which he calls “bugs” –- in the form of feed sludge from a brewery in La Crosse and a meatpacking plant in Green Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secret is, the more you put in to start with, the less time it takes to start,” said Ludy. “So, we hauled in here as much as we could afford and now we are going through our startup process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GreenWhey is running at about 50 percent capacity as they wait for their bacteria to reproduce. But they’re already having a big impact on the area. Ludy said they’re keeping hundreds of thousands of gallons of wastewater off the ground every day. He also said testing shows that they’re keeping about 1,000 pounds of phosphorus from getting into rivers and lakes each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking to the future, Ludy hopes to make and sell excess natural gas, sell heat to nearby cheese plants, and process their leftover sludge to make fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As America’s obsession with cheese continues to grow, so do the possibilities of turning leftover waste, once considered a liability, into a valuable commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Wisconsin produces a quarter of all the cheese made in the United States. Since only about ten percent of the milk becomes cheese, there is an abundance of milky-water waste. Comstock Creamery and GreenWhey Energy have teamed up to turn this wastewater into natural gas and electricity.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450497669,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":779},"headData":{"title":"From Cheese to Energy | KQED","description":"Wisconsin produces a quarter of all the cheese made in the United States. Since only about ten percent of the milk becomes cheese, there is an abundance of milky-water waste. Comstock Creamery and GreenWhey Energy have teamed up to turn this wastewater into natural gas and electricity.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Cheese to Energy","datePublished":"2013-11-25T15:00:49.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T04:01:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"63215 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63215","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/25/from-cheese-to-energy/","disqusTitle":"From Cheese to Energy","source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/food/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/GREENWHEYQUEST.mp3","path":"/quest/63215/from-cheese-to-energy","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wisconsin dominates when it comes to cheese production. In 2012, the state produced nearly three billion pounds, a quarter of all the cheese made in the U.S. With that cheese comes a lot of waste in the form of nutrient rich, milky water which is spread over farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 10 percent of the milk used by cheese makers turns into actual cheese. That leaves a lot of milky wastewater – something like the milky water you're left with when you rinse out an empty glass but on a much bigger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If done incorrectly, the wastewater can pollute rivers and lakes. But a startup company in the small village of Turtle Lake Wisconsin is now turning that waste into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Comstock Creamery\" href=\"http://media.eatwisconsincheese.com/resources/wi_cheese_company_search/companydetail.aspx?companyid=11&companyinfoid=21\" target=\"_blank\">Comstock Creamery\u003c/a> is a small cheese producer in western Wisconsin. Assistant Executive Manager Tom Messicci said they produce about 50,000 gallons of wastewater per day that needs to be either treated or spread over farm fields as a low grade fertilizer. Since they can’t afford a treatment plant, he said, they’ve been sending their waste to the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64001\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/RKtrucks-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. \" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. Photo credit: Rich Kremer, Wisconsin Public Radio\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We did land spreading and we used Northern Liquid Waste Management to do that for us, but that became problematic with regulations,” said Messicci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land spreading is tightly regulated by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The wastewater has high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen that could run off into nearby lakes and streams, causing oxygen depletion and blooms of noxious algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of \u003ca title=\"Turtle Lake, Wisconsin\" href=\"http://www.mapquest.com/maps?city=Turtle%20Lake&state=WI\" target=\"_blank\">Turtle Lake\u003c/a>, a startup company called \u003ca title=\"Greenwhey Energy\" href=\"http://greenwheyenergy.com/\" target=\"_blank\">GreenWhey Energy \u003c/a>is using wastewater from Comstock Creamery and other cheese plants to make natural gas, and produce electricity for the local grid, as well as heat. The $30 million construction project, which included green-energy tax credits and loans, wrapped up this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece is what’s called an “upflow anearobic digester.” Eric Ludy, a lab technician and son of one of the company’s founders, pointed to a huge concrete wall laced with dozens of large pipes. “The whole plant is built around two two-million gallon reactors,” he said. “So, behind this wall … there’s four million gallons of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is filled with anaerobic bacteria that eat the dairy wastewater and produce methane gas. Ludy said the gas is treated and eventually powers two 20-cylinder generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like massive locomotive engines and that’s basically what they are,” said Ludy. “They’re powered entirely on biogas, which is a mix of methane and carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other materials like hydrogen sulfide, and they pump out about 3.2 megawatts of electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dairy plants, meat processors, and even breweries have their own biodigesters. In Milwaukee, the Forest County Potawatomi tribe has just started operating a biodigester that's similar to GreenWhey's but smaller. But co-founder Tom Ludy said his is the first privately owned company to contract for multiple sources of food wastes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also do soy waste from soy protein,” said Ludy. “We do mustards and dressings and horseradish waste food products here –-several different ones besides dairy. But dairy is the main one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Ludy could start GreenWhey, he had to buy his bacteria –- which he calls “bugs” –- in the form of feed sludge from a brewery in La Crosse and a meatpacking plant in Green Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secret is, the more you put in to start with, the less time it takes to start,” said Ludy. “So, we hauled in here as much as we could afford and now we are going through our startup process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GreenWhey is running at about 50 percent capacity as they wait for their bacteria to reproduce. But they’re already having a big impact on the area. Ludy said they’re keeping hundreds of thousands of gallons of wastewater off the ground every day. He also said testing shows that they’re keeping about 1,000 pounds of phosphorus from getting into rivers and lakes each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking to the future, Ludy hopes to make and sell excess natural gas, sell heat to nearby cheese plants, and process their leftover sludge to make fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As America’s obsession with cheese continues to grow, so do the possibilities of turning leftover waste, once considered a liability, into a valuable commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63215/from-cheese-to-energy","authors":["10509"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_3229","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_12452","quest_252","quest_3505","quest_12453","quest_755","quest_984","quest_12269","quest_12454","quest_12392","quest_12355","quest_13364","quest_3106"],"featImg":"quest_64121","label":"source_quest_63215"},"quest_57854":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57854","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57854","score":null,"sort":[1377784829000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure","title":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure","publishDate":1377784829,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It takes two days to train a cow to milk itself. This may sound like a farmer’s utopia, but at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecodairy.ca/\">Bakerview EcoDairy\u003c/a>, a robotic milker is just one of many dairy farm innovations being put to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59485 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg\" alt=\"Bakerview AD\" width=\"447\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg 1533w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakerview EcoDairy's anaerobic digester stretches 60 feet long and converts methane gas from cow manure into electricity for use on the farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill Vanderkooi, president and CEO of the Bakerview EcoDairy farm, seeks out all of the latest technologies to help him run his operation, which hosts an onsite market and agricultural education center. Armed with a master’s degree in animal science, Vanderkooi opened the 80-acre farm near Abbotsford, British Columbia, in June of 2010. He has since established himself as a pioneer among small-scale, sustainable farm owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anaerobic digester is one of the key technologies that Vanderkooi uses in his quest to reduce his farm’s ecological footprint. This machine turns the methane gas released from cow manure into electricity. About \u003ca href=\"http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html\">65 percent\u003c/a> of cow manure is composed of methane, making it an abundant energy resource. Over the course of a year, Bakerview EcoDairy is able to offset a third of the energy needed to operate the farm, thanks to the digester and a small herd of 50 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/agstar/anaerobic/\">how does anaerobic digestion work\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 276px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2-276x360.jpg\" alt=\"AD diagram (2)\" width=\"276\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nethyenergy.co.uk/\">Nethy Energy\u003c/a>. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before entering the digester, manure is heated to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the perfect temperature to prime the appetite of picky microorganisms. Pistons push the hot manure into the main chamber where the microorganisms feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure breaks down into a biogas bubble and a mixture of solids and liquids. The bubble, mostly methane gas, can be harnessed and used to fuel an engine and generate electricity. The whole process takes 21 days. The leftover solids and liquids are filtered and used for cow bedding and fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers in BC are very interested in anaerobic digestion,” says Peter Torenvliet, the farm’s operations manager. Torenvliet adds that Bakerview EcoDairy established “a first of its kind on-farm anaerobic digestion system that is designed to be integrated into commercial dairy farms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its contribution to the greenhouse effect is over 20 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. On a typical farm, cow manure is spread on fields where the methane gas seeps out of the manure and into the atmosphere. Digesters can help combat methane release by burning the gas and converting it to carbon dioxide. The digester captures the methane before it has a chance to escape into the atmosphere in its pure form.These digesters do more than generate a sustainable source of electricity for commercial farms. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 456px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-59431 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg\" alt=\"Solid by-product\" width=\"456\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1440x1081.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digesting process creates an odorless, solid by-product. Bakerview EcoDairy uses this by-product for cow bedding.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s another perk, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides generating electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the anaerobic digestion process eliminates nearly all cow manure odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small farmers struggle to afford the new technology, but increased popularity and demand are helping make digesters more accessible. Soon more small farms like Bakerview EcoDairy should be able to take advantage of this technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am proud to see clean, on-site [electricity] generation for our demonstration dairy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.el.bchydro.com/mediabulletins/bulletin/technology_innovation/abbotsford_home_to_canadas_first_onfarm_cowpowered_dairy\">says Vanderkooi\u003c/a>, “We pride ourselves on being a responsible and sustainable organization and I appreciate the opportunity we have to educate the public on environmentally and animal-friendly innovations in a fully operational farm.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A dairy farm in British Colombia uses new technologies to convert manure into electricity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and remove the stink.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823652,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":598},"headData":{"title":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure | KQED","description":"A dairy farm in British Colombia uses new technologies to convert manure into electricity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and remove the stink.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure","datePublished":"2013-08-29T14:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:07:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57854 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57854","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/29/harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure/","disqusTitle":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure","source":"Energy","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/","path":"/quest/57854/harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It takes two days to train a cow to milk itself. This may sound like a farmer’s utopia, but at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecodairy.ca/\">Bakerview EcoDairy\u003c/a>, a robotic milker is just one of many dairy farm innovations being put to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59485 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg\" alt=\"Bakerview AD\" width=\"447\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg 1533w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakerview EcoDairy's anaerobic digester stretches 60 feet long and converts methane gas from cow manure into electricity for use on the farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill Vanderkooi, president and CEO of the Bakerview EcoDairy farm, seeks out all of the latest technologies to help him run his operation, which hosts an onsite market and agricultural education center. Armed with a master’s degree in animal science, Vanderkooi opened the 80-acre farm near Abbotsford, British Columbia, in June of 2010. He has since established himself as a pioneer among small-scale, sustainable farm owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anaerobic digester is one of the key technologies that Vanderkooi uses in his quest to reduce his farm’s ecological footprint. This machine turns the methane gas released from cow manure into electricity. About \u003ca href=\"http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html\">65 percent\u003c/a> of cow manure is composed of methane, making it an abundant energy resource. Over the course of a year, Bakerview EcoDairy is able to offset a third of the energy needed to operate the farm, thanks to the digester and a small herd of 50 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/agstar/anaerobic/\">how does anaerobic digestion work\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 276px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2-276x360.jpg\" alt=\"AD diagram (2)\" width=\"276\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nethyenergy.co.uk/\">Nethy Energy\u003c/a>. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before entering the digester, manure is heated to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the perfect temperature to prime the appetite of picky microorganisms. Pistons push the hot manure into the main chamber where the microorganisms feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure breaks down into a biogas bubble and a mixture of solids and liquids. The bubble, mostly methane gas, can be harnessed and used to fuel an engine and generate electricity. The whole process takes 21 days. The leftover solids and liquids are filtered and used for cow bedding and fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers in BC are very interested in anaerobic digestion,” says Peter Torenvliet, the farm’s operations manager. Torenvliet adds that Bakerview EcoDairy established “a first of its kind on-farm anaerobic digestion system that is designed to be integrated into commercial dairy farms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its contribution to the greenhouse effect is over 20 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. On a typical farm, cow manure is spread on fields where the methane gas seeps out of the manure and into the atmosphere. Digesters can help combat methane release by burning the gas and converting it to carbon dioxide. The digester captures the methane before it has a chance to escape into the atmosphere in its pure form.These digesters do more than generate a sustainable source of electricity for commercial farms. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 456px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-59431 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg\" alt=\"Solid by-product\" width=\"456\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1440x1081.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digesting process creates an odorless, solid by-product. Bakerview EcoDairy uses this by-product for cow bedding.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s another perk, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides generating electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the anaerobic digestion process eliminates nearly all cow manure odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small farmers struggle to afford the new technology, but increased popularity and demand are helping make digesters more accessible. Soon more small farms like Bakerview EcoDairy should be able to take advantage of this technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am proud to see clean, on-site [electricity] generation for our demonstration dairy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.el.bchydro.com/mediabulletins/bulletin/technology_innovation/abbotsford_home_to_canadas_first_onfarm_cowpowered_dairy\">says Vanderkooi\u003c/a>, “We pride ourselves on being a responsible and sustainable organization and I appreciate the opportunity we have to educate the public on environmentally and animal-friendly innovations in a fully operational farm.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/57854/harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_127","quest_156","quest_12153","quest_12156","quest_485","quest_3502","quest_621","quest_716","quest_755","quest_12514","quest_12512","quest_1273","quest_12152","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_12155","quest_12087","quest_13364"],"featImg":"quest_59592","label":"source_quest_57854"},"quest_7665":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_7665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"7665","score":null,"sort":[1282957246000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it","title":"Reporter's Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It","publishDate":1282957246,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Reporter’s Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-44CowPower_300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Cows at Fiscalini Farms in Modesto, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/from-waste-to-watts-biofuel-bonanza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we visited a Central Valley dairy\u003c/a> that was taking an innovative approach to its waste problem. Instead of collecting thousands of pounds of cow manure in open holding ponds, Joseph Gallo Farms uses it in a renewable energy technology known as a methane digester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane gas is a natural byproduct of cow digestion. It’s produced as bacteria inside their stomach break down food. That process continues on the back end (so to speak) as cow manure decomposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is also a powerful contributor to climate change – about 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide. The UN has estimated that 18 percent of greenhouse gases worldwide come from livestock. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/specialseries/methane.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check out this story\u003c/a> from KQED’s Climate Watch for more on the sources of methane.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By capturing methane, dairy digesters keep it out of the atmosphere. But they also create a source of renewable energy. Methane is a natural gas — it can be burned just like propane. So, Gallo Farms pipes the methane over to a generator, which produces enough electricity to run the farm and their cheese plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since our visit, the story has taken an interesting turn. Both Gallo Farms and another dairy with a digester, Fiscalini Farms, are located in the San Joaquin Valley – an area with some of the worst air quality the country. The air district is consistently considered in “non-attainment” – which means they aren’t meeting the federal limits on air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both dairies’ digesters are reducing one kind of pollution, greenhouse gases, they’re actually adding to another kind. Generators, like any other combustion engine, produce nitrous oxide pollution – or NOx – which is a component of smog. Given the smog problem in the valley, the local air district decided to put a pollution limit on the dairy digester generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, both dairies have struggled to meet to the limits. Unlike pipeline-quality natural gas, the methane (or biogas) that comes from a digester varies in quality, which affects how much pollution is produced in the generator’s exhaust. John Fiscalini of Fiscalini Farms has spent $200,000 on a pollution control device that reduces NOx pollution. But he says it’s been a challenging process and he’s concerned that other dairies have been discouraged by his experience with regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on Fiscalini’s story and more about the challenges facing dairy digesters, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this week’s radio story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/27/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">Listen to Cow Power Not Cutting It\u003c/a> radio report online and check out the slideshow below for more on how dairy digesters work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.710486 -121.12798\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A handful of dairies across California are capturing the climate change emissions produced by their cows. But they're running headlong into another environmental problem.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975080,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":459},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It | KQED","description":"A handful of dairies across California are capturing the climate change emissions produced by their cows. But they're running headlong into another environmental problem.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It","datePublished":"2010-08-28T01:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:38:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/7665/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-44CowPower_300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Cows at Fiscalini Farms in Modesto, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/from-waste-to-watts-biofuel-bonanza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we visited a Central Valley dairy\u003c/a> that was taking an innovative approach to its waste problem. Instead of collecting thousands of pounds of cow manure in open holding ponds, Joseph Gallo Farms uses it in a renewable energy technology known as a methane digester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane gas is a natural byproduct of cow digestion. It’s produced as bacteria inside their stomach break down food. That process continues on the back end (so to speak) as cow manure decomposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is also a powerful contributor to climate change – about 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide. The UN has estimated that 18 percent of greenhouse gases worldwide come from livestock. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/specialseries/methane.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check out this story\u003c/a> from KQED’s Climate Watch for more on the sources of methane.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By capturing methane, dairy digesters keep it out of the atmosphere. But they also create a source of renewable energy. Methane is a natural gas — it can be burned just like propane. So, Gallo Farms pipes the methane over to a generator, which produces enough electricity to run the farm and their cheese plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since our visit, the story has taken an interesting turn. Both Gallo Farms and another dairy with a digester, Fiscalini Farms, are located in the San Joaquin Valley – an area with some of the worst air quality the country. The air district is consistently considered in “non-attainment” – which means they aren’t meeting the federal limits on air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both dairies’ digesters are reducing one kind of pollution, greenhouse gases, they’re actually adding to another kind. Generators, like any other combustion engine, produce nitrous oxide pollution – or NOx – which is a component of smog. Given the smog problem in the valley, the local air district decided to put a pollution limit on the dairy digester generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, both dairies have struggled to meet to the limits. Unlike pipeline-quality natural gas, the methane (or biogas) that comes from a digester varies in quality, which affects how much pollution is produced in the generator’s exhaust. John Fiscalini of Fiscalini Farms has spent $200,000 on a pollution control device that reduces NOx pollution. But he says it’s been a challenging process and he’s concerned that other dairies have been discouraged by his experience with regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on Fiscalini’s story and more about the challenges facing dairy digesters, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this week’s radio story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/27/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">Listen to Cow Power Not Cutting It\u003c/a> radio report online and check out the slideshow below for more on how dairy digesters work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.710486 -121.12798\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/7665/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_94","quest_252","quest_621","quest_716","quest_755","quest_1801","quest_1802","quest_2409"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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