Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal
Tracking Genetics in Popular Culture
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Barry Starr","firstName":"Dr. Barry","lastName":"Starr","slug":"dr-barry-starr","email":"bstarr@thetech.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"geneticsboy","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dr. Barry Starr | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dr-barry-starr"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_49602":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_49602","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"49602","score":null,"sort":[1361808015000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"genetic-sleuthing","title":"Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal ","publishDate":1361808015,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\" alt='\"Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg' width=\"630\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49603\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The police in Marseille France are \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21401200\">struggling to solve a sexual assault case\u003c/a>. They have solid video evidence and have even matched DNA from the crime scene with two suspects but they still can’t figure it out. See, the problem is that the suspects are identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identical twins look pretty similar so unless the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15107687/ns/dateline_nbc-crime_reports/#.URvjYR37Ls4\">police get lucky\u003c/a> like they did in Boston, video evidence can’t usually be used to tell them apart. And identical twins share the same DNA so conventional DNA tests can’t be used either. The police are in a real pickle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except that they don’t have to be. As the police are aware, there are less conventional tests that can find the few differences between the DNA of identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of our DNA is exactly the same as when we were a fertilized egg, floating towards our mother’s womb. Our life experiences change our DNA in many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there are chemical marks on our DNA that help to control which genes should be turned on where and to what level. These epigenetic marks are added and removed over our life time in response to our specific set of experiences. This is true for all of us including identical twins. In fact, scientists have actually looked at \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=identical-twins-exhibit-d\">these epigenetic markers in identical twins\u003c/a> and have found them to be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way our DNA can change is through mutation. DNA is not as stable as you might think and each of our DNAs is building up small changes over our lifetime. Sometimes these mutations can lead to trouble (for example, \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/cancer-origins\">almost all cases of cancer\u003c/a> come from DNA mutations) but most are harmless. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mutations are random events that can happen in a couple of different ways. Sometimes something in the environment like cigarette smoke or the ultraviolet light from the sun damages the DNA. Other times our cells make a mistake when they copy their DNA and that mistake is passed on to the next generation of cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the mutations are going to be specific to a person. The odds are definitely against two different cells making a mistake in the same place in each of their DNAs. Same thing with ultraviolet light targeting the exact same two T’s in two different people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49607\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/25/genetic-sleuthing/mutateddna/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49607\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/MutatedDNA.gif\" alt=\"A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\" width=\"225\" height=\"151\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49607\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So there are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why aren’t the police using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police are saying that it would cost one million euros to do the required testing. No matter how hard I try, I can’t seem to wrap my head around that price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked around and right now it costs between $5000 and $10,000 U.S. dollars to sequence an entire genome here in California. I know things are more expensive in Europe but unless the euro has crashed big time in the last few weeks, I can’t get to a million euros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They would need to sequence the DNA of both twins and the DNA from each of the six crime scenes. Let’s call that $100,000 U.S. Do they really need an extra $900,000 to analyze the data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now to be fair, getting this information isn’t that easy. The mutations I was talking about happen in different places in different cells. A person may get a DNA change in his skin cell different from one in his blood or cheek cell. So the police need to be very careful about which tissues they choose to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, since these are sexual assaults there may have been semen from the rapist at some of the crime scenes. Sperm cells have a pretty high rate of mutation because men are constantly making new sperm. In fact, these mutations are why the children of older men are at \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/older-dads%E2%80%99-kids-higher-risk-genetic-disease\">a higher risk for certain diseases\u003c/a>. So sperm would be an ideal source for looking at the whole genome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sperm wouldn’t be as ideal for looking at epigenetic changes. Before DNA is packaged into sperm, most of the epigenetic markers are wiped clean. Not all of them (which is one way environmental effects can be \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/original_news/news134\">passed from one generation to the next\u003c/a>), but enough so that this may not be the best approach with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epigenetic approach would be better for other tissues. It is more expensive but scientists need to look at less DNA so the price pretty much evens out in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that there are tests available to distinguish between the twins and that the tests probably wouldn’t cost one million euros. Still, even if the tests are “only” 100,000 euros, that is still a lot of money. It is up to society and the government whether or not catching one (or two) criminals is worth this cost.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why isn't law enforcement using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1362707229,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":881},"headData":{"title":"Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal | KQED","description":"There are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why isn't law enforcement using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal ","datePublished":"2013-02-25T16:00:15.000Z","dateModified":"2013-03-08T01:47:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"49602 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49602","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/25/genetic-sleuthing/","disqusTitle":"Genetic Sleuthing, Or How To Catch The Right Identical Twin Criminal ","path":"/quest/49602/genetic-sleuthing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg\" alt='\"Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg' width=\"630\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49603\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/IdenticalTwinsRedhair-400x229.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Identical twins like these can finally be told apart at the genetic level for only a few thousand dollars. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redhead_twins.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The police in Marseille France are \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21401200\">struggling to solve a sexual assault case\u003c/a>. They have solid video evidence and have even matched DNA from the crime scene with two suspects but they still can’t figure it out. See, the problem is that the suspects are identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identical twins look pretty similar so unless the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15107687/ns/dateline_nbc-crime_reports/#.URvjYR37Ls4\">police get lucky\u003c/a> like they did in Boston, video evidence can’t usually be used to tell them apart. And identical twins share the same DNA so conventional DNA tests can’t be used either. The police are in a real pickle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except that they don’t have to be. As the police are aware, there are less conventional tests that can find the few differences between the DNA of identical twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of our DNA is exactly the same as when we were a fertilized egg, floating towards our mother’s womb. Our life experiences change our DNA in many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there are chemical marks on our DNA that help to control which genes should be turned on where and to what level. These epigenetic marks are added and removed over our life time in response to our specific set of experiences. This is true for all of us including identical twins. In fact, scientists have actually looked at \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=identical-twins-exhibit-d\">these epigenetic markers in identical twins\u003c/a> and have found them to be different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way our DNA can change is through mutation. DNA is not as stable as you might think and each of our DNAs is building up small changes over our lifetime. Sometimes these mutations can lead to trouble (for example, \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/cancer-origins\">almost all cases of cancer\u003c/a> come from DNA mutations) but most are harmless. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These mutations are random events that can happen in a couple of different ways. Sometimes something in the environment like cigarette smoke or the ultraviolet light from the sun damages the DNA. Other times our cells make a mistake when they copy their DNA and that mistake is passed on to the next generation of cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the mutations are going to be specific to a person. The odds are definitely against two different cells making a mistake in the same place in each of their DNAs. Same thing with ultraviolet light targeting the exact same two T’s in two different people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49607\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/25/genetic-sleuthing/mutateddna/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49607\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/MutatedDNA.gif\" alt=\"A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\" width=\"225\" height=\"151\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49607\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A couple of the ways DNA can be changed.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So there are unique DNA differences between identical twins that scientists can use to tell them apart. Why aren’t the police using these differences to catch their criminal? Because the cost is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police are saying that it would cost one million euros to do the required testing. No matter how hard I try, I can’t seem to wrap my head around that price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked around and right now it costs between $5000 and $10,000 U.S. dollars to sequence an entire genome here in California. I know things are more expensive in Europe but unless the euro has crashed big time in the last few weeks, I can’t get to a million euros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They would need to sequence the DNA of both twins and the DNA from each of the six crime scenes. Let’s call that $100,000 U.S. Do they really need an extra $900,000 to analyze the data?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now to be fair, getting this information isn’t that easy. The mutations I was talking about happen in different places in different cells. A person may get a DNA change in his skin cell different from one in his blood or cheek cell. So the police need to be very careful about which tissues they choose to test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, since these are sexual assaults there may have been semen from the rapist at some of the crime scenes. Sperm cells have a pretty high rate of mutation because men are constantly making new sperm. In fact, these mutations are why the children of older men are at \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/older-dads%E2%80%99-kids-higher-risk-genetic-disease\">a higher risk for certain diseases\u003c/a>. So sperm would be an ideal source for looking at the whole genome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But sperm wouldn’t be as ideal for looking at epigenetic changes. Before DNA is packaged into sperm, most of the epigenetic markers are wiped clean. Not all of them (which is one way environmental effects can be \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/original_news/news134\">passed from one generation to the next\u003c/a>), but enough so that this may not be the best approach with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epigenetic approach would be better for other tissues. It is more expensive but scientists need to look at less DNA so the price pretty much evens out in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom line is that there are tests available to distinguish between the twins and that the tests probably wouldn’t cost one million euros. Still, even if the tests are “only” 100,000 euros, that is still a lot of money. It is up to society and the government whether or not catching one (or two) criminals is worth this cost.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49602/genetic-sleuthing","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_738","quest_1129","quest_9734","quest_13202","quest_3319"],"featImg":"quest_49997","label":"quest"},"quest_2199":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_2199","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"2199","score":null,"sort":[1240858379000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tracking-genetics-in-popular-culture","title":"Tracking Genetics in Popular Culture","publishDate":1240858379,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>One of the most fun parts about my job is answering people's genetics questions at our \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/index.php\">Understanding Genetics\u003c/a> website. We get around 200 questions each month from all over the world and they definitely keep me on my toes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also give me a feel for what is going on with science in popular culture. I can tell this by looking at Google Analytics data and seeing which of our previous answers has had an upsurge in visits. (We post around one new answer online per week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, whenever PBS airs a show on how a mutation called CCR5-delta 32 may have made people resistant to the plague, I get an uptick in the hits on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=10\">answer\u003c/a> that deals with that topic. When \u003cem>House\u003c/em> (a show on Fox) had a character say that of course someone was adopted because he had a cleft chin and his parents didn't, I got an uptick on the \u003ca>answer\u003c/a> that dealt with that. (The answer is that a child can have a cleft chin even if his or her parents don't.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last couple of weeks, there has been a surge in our answers about chimeras. Usually this means that somewhere in the world, a certain episode of CSI is being shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=233\">Chimeras\u003c/a> start out as fraternal twins that fuse together at a very early stage. What this means is that chimeras have two sets of DNA. Some of their cells have the DNA from one twin and the rest of their cells have DNA from the other twin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can imagine, these folks can wreak havoc with a police investigation! What happened in the CSI episode was that the DNA from the crime scene did not match the DNA from the most likely suspect. In the end we find out that the suspect is a chimera and that the evidence left behind at the crime scene had one set of DNA and that the blood they tested had a different set of DNA. From the same person!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is great that there is so much science starting to seep into popular culture. If the science is accurate, it is a great way to get people involved in science. I just wish it was accurate more often.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In the last couple of weeks, on another blog of mine there has been a surge in our answers about genetic chimeras. Usually this means that somewhere in the world, a certain episode of CSI is being shown.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457749695,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":396},"headData":{"title":"Tracking Genetics in Popular Culture | KQED","description":"In the last couple of weeks, on another blog of mine there has been a surge in our answers about genetic chimeras. Usually this means that somewhere in the world, a certain episode of CSI is being shown.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Tracking Genetics in Popular Culture","datePublished":"2009-04-27T18:52:59.000Z","dateModified":"2016-03-12T02:28:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"2199 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=2199","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/04/27/tracking-genetics-in-popular-culture/","disqusTitle":"Tracking Genetics in Popular Culture","path":"/quest/2199/tracking-genetics-in-popular-culture","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the most fun parts about my job is answering people's genetics questions at our \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/index.php\">Understanding Genetics\u003c/a> website. We get around 200 questions each month from all over the world and they definitely keep me on my toes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also give me a feel for what is going on with science in popular culture. I can tell this by looking at Google Analytics data and seeing which of our previous answers has had an upsurge in visits. (We post around one new answer online per week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, whenever PBS airs a show on how a mutation called CCR5-delta 32 may have made people resistant to the plague, I get an uptick in the hits on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=10\">answer\u003c/a> that deals with that topic. When \u003cem>House\u003c/em> (a show on Fox) had a character say that of course someone was adopted because he had a cleft chin and his parents didn't, I got an uptick on the \u003ca>answer\u003c/a> that dealt with that. (The answer is that a child can have a cleft chin even if his or her parents don't.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last couple of weeks, there has been a surge in our answers about chimeras. Usually this means that somewhere in the world, a certain episode of CSI is being shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=233\">Chimeras\u003c/a> start out as fraternal twins that fuse together at a very early stage. What this means is that chimeras have two sets of DNA. Some of their cells have the DNA from one twin and the rest of their cells have DNA from the other twin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you can imagine, these folks can wreak havoc with a police investigation! What happened in the CSI episode was that the DNA from the crime scene did not match the DNA from the most likely suspect. In the end we find out that the suspect is a chimera and that the evidence left behind at the crime scene had one set of DNA and that the blood they tested had a different set of DNA. From the same person!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is great that there is so much science starting to seep into popular culture. If the science is accurate, it is a great way to get people involved in science. I just wish it was accurate more often.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/2199/tracking-genetics-in-popular-culture","authors":["6177"],"categories":["quest_12"],"tags":["quest_578","quest_728","quest_738","quest_848","quest_1129","quest_1192","quest_1197"],"featImg":"quest_2200","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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