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That’s the conventional wisdom, anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades people have pointed to overgrazing by cattle as the main cause of desertification. When animals overgraze, they strip the land of native grasses, leading to erosion of the topsoil from wind and storms. These parched landscapes become incapable of supporting the livestock or wild animals that once lived there -- a situation that has led to famine and conflict in developing nations around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if livestock could be used in a way that actually revitalizes landscapes and mitigates the impacts of climate change? It’s a counterintuitive and controversial idea that has the environmental community buzzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory8_GlobalWaterPartnership.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59719 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory8_GlobalWaterPartnership-451x360.jpg\" alt=\"desertification, Savory Institute, Allan Savory\" width=\"282\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Global Water Partnership\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea’s unlikely champion is Allan Savory, a 77-year-old biologist, farmer, and former politician. In the 1950s, he was responsible for the slaughter of tens of thousands of wild African elephants. Like many ecologists of the time, Savory believed elephants were destroying the African savanna, and by thinning the herds the grasslands would rebound. So Savory persuaded the government of Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe) to cull more than 40,000 elephants, but the grasslands continued to wither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through this tragic experiment Savory unlocked what he believes is the key to saving grasslands and reversing desertification. Savory’s method, known as holistic planned grazing, calls for managing livestock in ways that mimic the prehistoric herds that once roamed the earth, fortifying grasslands with the pounding of their hooves and nutrient-rich manure. The cattle’s natural movement patterns and activities, Savory claims, spur the regrowth of carbon-sequestering grasslands. And if done on a large enough scale, these grasses could not only absorb enough carbon to offset the methane produced by livestock but also help combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no alternative to address the massive environmental malfunctioning over so much of the world that is desertifying,” Savory said. “Only livestock properly managed can do what is required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59725\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59725 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1.jpg\" alt=\"Savory9_TimLindenbaum\" width=\"384\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Tim Lindenbaum\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Savory, winner of the 2003 Banksia International Award and the 2010 Buckminster Fuller Challenge, runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.savoryinstitute.com/\">Savory Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to spreading the practice. But it wasn’t until \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpTHi7O66pI\">Savory’s TED talk\u003c/a> in February 2013 that this method attracted mainstream attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned grazing has its share of critics, with some claiming the practice doesn’t scale well and others questioning the research supporting it. Savory has faced this criticism for decades but remains unfazed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To rectify the damaging ways of agriculture we have all the knowledge we need,” he said. “And as more and more people adopt planned grazing practices, the tide is finally beginning to turn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpTHi7O66pI]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A prehistoric approach to livestock management could help revive dying grasslands and combat climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1387220651,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":487},"headData":{"title":"Revitalizing Grasslands, One Steak at a Time | KQED","description":"A prehistoric approach to livestock management could help revive dying grasslands and combat climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Revitalizing Grasslands, One Steak at a Time","datePublished":"2013-09-05T14:00:24.000Z","dateModified":"2013-12-16T19:04:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"55243 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=55243","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/09/05/revitalizing-grasslands-one-steak-at-a-time/","disqusTitle":"Revitalizing Grasslands, One Steak at a Time","path":"/quest/55243/revitalizing-grasslands-one-steak-at-a-time","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59714\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory6_GlobalWaterPartnership.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-59714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory6_GlobalWaterPartnership.jpg\" alt=\"Savory6_GlobalWaterPartnership\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory6_GlobalWaterPartnership.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory6_GlobalWaterPartnership-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Global Water Partnership\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of the world’s land is turning to desert, thanks largely to the steak on your plate. That’s the conventional wisdom, anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades people have pointed to overgrazing by cattle as the main cause of desertification. When animals overgraze, they strip the land of native grasses, leading to erosion of the topsoil from wind and storms. These parched landscapes become incapable of supporting the livestock or wild animals that once lived there -- a situation that has led to famine and conflict in developing nations around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if livestock could be used in a way that actually revitalizes landscapes and mitigates the impacts of climate change? It’s a counterintuitive and controversial idea that has the environmental community buzzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59719\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory8_GlobalWaterPartnership.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59719 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory8_GlobalWaterPartnership-451x360.jpg\" alt=\"desertification, Savory Institute, Allan Savory\" width=\"282\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Global Water Partnership\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea’s unlikely champion is Allan Savory, a 77-year-old biologist, farmer, and former politician. In the 1950s, he was responsible for the slaughter of tens of thousands of wild African elephants. Like many ecologists of the time, Savory believed elephants were destroying the African savanna, and by thinning the herds the grasslands would rebound. So Savory persuaded the government of Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe) to cull more than 40,000 elephants, but the grasslands continued to wither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through this tragic experiment Savory unlocked what he believes is the key to saving grasslands and reversing desertification. Savory’s method, known as holistic planned grazing, calls for managing livestock in ways that mimic the prehistoric herds that once roamed the earth, fortifying grasslands with the pounding of their hooves and nutrient-rich manure. The cattle’s natural movement patterns and activities, Savory claims, spur the regrowth of carbon-sequestering grasslands. And if done on a large enough scale, these grasses could not only absorb enough carbon to offset the methane produced by livestock but also help combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no alternative to address the massive environmental malfunctioning over so much of the world that is desertifying,” Savory said. “Only livestock properly managed can do what is required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59725\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59725 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1.jpg\" alt=\"Savory9_TimLindenbaum\" width=\"384\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Savory9_TimLindenbaum1-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Tim Lindenbaum\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Savory, winner of the 2003 Banksia International Award and the 2010 Buckminster Fuller Challenge, runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.savoryinstitute.com/\">Savory Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to spreading the practice. But it wasn’t until \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpTHi7O66pI\">Savory’s TED talk\u003c/a> in February 2013 that this method attracted mainstream attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planned grazing has its share of critics, with some claiming the practice doesn’t scale well and others questioning the research supporting it. Savory has faced this criticism for decades but remains unfazed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To rectify the damaging ways of agriculture we have all the knowledge we need,” he said. “And as more and more people adopt planned grazing practices, the tide is finally beginning to turn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/vpTHi7O66pI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/vpTHi7O66pI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/55243/revitalizing-grasslands-one-steak-at-a-time","authors":["10446"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_12222","quest_12508","quest_12509","quest_3502","quest_10795","quest_13195","quest_621","quest_716","quest_11940","quest_12269","quest_12223","quest_12511","quest_12510","quest_3288","quest_13364","quest_12224"],"featImg":"quest_59714","label":"quest"},"quest_57854":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_57854","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"57854","score":null,"sort":[1377784829000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure","title":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure","publishDate":1377784829,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It takes two days to train a cow to milk itself. This may sound like a farmer’s utopia, but at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecodairy.ca/\">Bakerview EcoDairy\u003c/a>, a robotic milker is just one of many dairy farm innovations being put to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59485 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg\" alt=\"Bakerview AD\" width=\"447\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg 1533w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakerview EcoDairy's anaerobic digester stretches 60 feet long and converts methane gas from cow manure into electricity for use on the farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill Vanderkooi, president and CEO of the Bakerview EcoDairy farm, seeks out all of the latest technologies to help him run his operation, which hosts an onsite market and agricultural education center. Armed with a master’s degree in animal science, Vanderkooi opened the 80-acre farm near Abbotsford, British Columbia, in June of 2010. He has since established himself as a pioneer among small-scale, sustainable farm owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anaerobic digester is one of the key technologies that Vanderkooi uses in his quest to reduce his farm’s ecological footprint. This machine turns the methane gas released from cow manure into electricity. About \u003ca href=\"http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html\">65 percent\u003c/a> of cow manure is composed of methane, making it an abundant energy resource. Over the course of a year, Bakerview EcoDairy is able to offset a third of the energy needed to operate the farm, thanks to the digester and a small herd of 50 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/agstar/anaerobic/\">how does anaerobic digestion work\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 276px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2-276x360.jpg\" alt=\"AD diagram (2)\" width=\"276\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nethyenergy.co.uk/\">Nethy Energy\u003c/a>. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before entering the digester, manure is heated to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the perfect temperature to prime the appetite of picky microorganisms. Pistons push the hot manure into the main chamber where the microorganisms feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure breaks down into a biogas bubble and a mixture of solids and liquids. The bubble, mostly methane gas, can be harnessed and used to fuel an engine and generate electricity. The whole process takes 21 days. The leftover solids and liquids are filtered and used for cow bedding and fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers in BC are very interested in anaerobic digestion,” says Peter Torenvliet, the farm’s operations manager. Torenvliet adds that Bakerview EcoDairy established “a first of its kind on-farm anaerobic digestion system that is designed to be integrated into commercial dairy farms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its contribution to the greenhouse effect is over 20 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. On a typical farm, cow manure is spread on fields where the methane gas seeps out of the manure and into the atmosphere. Digesters can help combat methane release by burning the gas and converting it to carbon dioxide. The digester captures the methane before it has a chance to escape into the atmosphere in its pure form.These digesters do more than generate a sustainable source of electricity for commercial farms. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 456px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-59431 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg\" alt=\"Solid by-product\" width=\"456\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1440x1081.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digesting process creates an odorless, solid by-product. Bakerview EcoDairy uses this by-product for cow bedding.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s another perk, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides generating electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the anaerobic digestion process eliminates nearly all cow manure odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small farmers struggle to afford the new technology, but increased popularity and demand are helping make digesters more accessible. Soon more small farms like Bakerview EcoDairy should be able to take advantage of this technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am proud to see clean, on-site [electricity] generation for our demonstration dairy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.el.bchydro.com/mediabulletins/bulletin/technology_innovation/abbotsford_home_to_canadas_first_onfarm_cowpowered_dairy\">says Vanderkooi\u003c/a>, “We pride ourselves on being a responsible and sustainable organization and I appreciate the opportunity we have to educate the public on environmentally and animal-friendly innovations in a fully operational farm.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A dairy farm in British Colombia uses new technologies to convert manure into electricity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and remove the stink.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443823652,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":598},"headData":{"title":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure | KQED","description":"A dairy farm in British Colombia uses new technologies to convert manure into electricity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and remove the stink.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure","datePublished":"2013-08-29T14:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T22:07:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57854 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=57854","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/08/29/harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure/","disqusTitle":"Harnessing The Hidden Power of Cow Manure","source":"Energy","sourceUrl":"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/","path":"/quest/57854/harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It takes two days to train a cow to milk itself. This may sound like a farmer’s utopia, but at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecodairy.ca/\">Bakerview EcoDairy\u003c/a>, a robotic milker is just one of many dairy farm innovations being put to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59485\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 447px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-59485 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg\" alt=\"Bakerview AD\" width=\"447\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1.jpg 1533w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1440x964.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Bakerview-AD1-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakerview EcoDairy's anaerobic digester stretches 60 feet long and converts methane gas from cow manure into electricity for use on the farm.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bill Vanderkooi, president and CEO of the Bakerview EcoDairy farm, seeks out all of the latest technologies to help him run his operation, which hosts an onsite market and agricultural education center. Armed with a master’s degree in animal science, Vanderkooi opened the 80-acre farm near Abbotsford, British Columbia, in June of 2010. He has since established himself as a pioneer among small-scale, sustainable farm owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anaerobic digester is one of the key technologies that Vanderkooi uses in his quest to reduce his farm’s ecological footprint. This machine turns the methane gas released from cow manure into electricity. About \u003ca href=\"http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html\">65 percent\u003c/a> of cow manure is composed of methane, making it an abundant energy resource. Over the course of a year, Bakerview EcoDairy is able to offset a third of the energy needed to operate the farm, thanks to the digester and a small herd of 50 cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/agstar/anaerobic/\">how does anaerobic digestion work\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 276px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-59466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/AD-diagram-2-276x360.jpg\" alt=\"AD diagram (2)\" width=\"276\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nethyenergy.co.uk/\">Nethy Energy\u003c/a>. Click to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before entering the digester, manure is heated to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the perfect temperature to prime the appetite of picky microorganisms. Pistons push the hot manure into the main chamber where the microorganisms feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The manure breaks down into a biogas bubble and a mixture of solids and liquids. The bubble, mostly methane gas, can be harnessed and used to fuel an engine and generate electricity. The whole process takes 21 days. The leftover solids and liquids are filtered and used for cow bedding and fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers in BC are very interested in anaerobic digestion,” says Peter Torenvliet, the farm’s operations manager. Torenvliet adds that Bakerview EcoDairy established “a first of its kind on-farm anaerobic digestion system that is designed to be integrated into commercial dairy farms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Its contribution to the greenhouse effect is over 20 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. On a typical farm, cow manure is spread on fields where the methane gas seeps out of the manure and into the atmosphere. Digesters can help combat methane release by burning the gas and converting it to carbon dioxide. The digester captures the methane before it has a chance to escape into the atmosphere in its pure form.These digesters do more than generate a sustainable source of electricity for commercial farms. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 456px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-59431 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg\" alt=\"Solid by-product\" width=\"456\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1440x1081.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Solid-by-product-960x721.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The digesting process creates an odorless, solid by-product. Bakerview EcoDairy uses this by-product for cow bedding.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s another perk, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides generating electricity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the anaerobic digestion process eliminates nearly all cow manure odors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many small farmers struggle to afford the new technology, but increased popularity and demand are helping make digesters more accessible. Soon more small farms like Bakerview EcoDairy should be able to take advantage of this technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am proud to see clean, on-site [electricity] generation for our demonstration dairy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.el.bchydro.com/mediabulletins/bulletin/technology_innovation/abbotsford_home_to_canadas_first_onfarm_cowpowered_dairy\">says Vanderkooi\u003c/a>, “We pride ourselves on being a responsible and sustainable organization and I appreciate the opportunity we have to educate the public on environmentally and animal-friendly innovations in a fully operational farm.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/57854/harnessing-the-hidden-power-of-cow-manure","authors":["10471"],"categories":["quest_5","quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_127","quest_156","quest_12153","quest_12156","quest_485","quest_3502","quest_621","quest_716","quest_755","quest_12514","quest_12512","quest_1273","quest_12152","quest_2349","quest_12146","quest_12155","quest_12087","quest_13364"],"featImg":"quest_59592","label":"source_quest_57854"},"quest_32892":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_32892","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"32892","score":null,"sort":[1331622154000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"grazing-a-new-trail","title":"Grazing a New Trail","publishDate":1331622154,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32894\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/cow_bekker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32894\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-32894\" title=\"cow_Bekker\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg\" alt=\"Cow grazing\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle ranching has a bad rap in the conservation community, but a new study suggests they can also be part of a solution. Image credit: Albert P. Bekker.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What's an ecologist to do when non-native plants have displaced native species and are disrupting an ecosystem? It has never been an easy question and won't become one any time soon. But as scientists monitor these situations over time, they learn more about what works and what doesn't. Galen Rathbun, a research associate at the California Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues at Cal State Bakersfield and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management have just published a paper in the Journal of Wildlife Management recommending a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.316/abstract\">novel approach to managing arid lands in the San Joaquin Valley\u003c/a> to benefit the remarkable diversity of endangered lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Their proposed solution has four legs and moos: cattle. Livestock grazing has a bad rap in the conservation community as a practice which has caused great damage to large swaths of western North America, which is often true. However, these scientists suggest that well-managed livestock grazing can actually benefit small vertebrates by keeping non-native grasses under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley, which stretches from Kern County in southern California up to the southern end of the Sacramento Valley, has traditionally been managed as grassland, but species distribution data and historical evidence (like the writings of Spanish explorers and missionaries) suggests that before the introduction of farming, ranching and non-native grasses, the bulk of the region would have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3375/043.031.0206\">more accurately classified as a desert\u003c/a>. If they're right, this has major impacts on conservation strategies for the threatened and endemic animals that live there. Since European settlers arrived, the valley's landscape has shifted from a desert dotted with saltbush to dense grassland and shrubland, dominated by non-native plants, cattle ranching and agricultural crops. Populations of native small vertebrates in the area are declining and one theory is that the altered vegetation plays a big role. Blunt-nosed leopard lizards, giant kangaroo rats, and other animals adapted to desert life are thought to have trouble moving through exotic dense grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32903\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/giant_kangaroo_rat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32903\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32903\" title=\"giant_kangaroo_rat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/giant_kangaroo_rat-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Giant kangaroo rat in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ingens) are among the threatened and endangered species which stand to benefit from new and improved exotic grass management techniques in California's San Joaquin Valley. Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the ten-year study, the group monitored populations of key small vertebrate species on plots of land with and without managed grazing. They found grazing to have a neutral or positive effect on population size (not the negative effect expected by some), whereas the untouched control pastures saw little to no change. The idea that cattle grazing could be beneficial to the area's endemic and threatened species could really shake up future conservation strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has been used as a management tool in the past to keep exotic grasses under control in the valley, but many desert plants are not fire-adapted, so the practice just perpetuates a grassland landscape, killing native perennial saltbushes. Grazing, on the other hand, would manage the grasses' growth, while allowing saltbush to reestablish itself, a presence that has been shown to favor western whiptail lizards and threatened \u003ca href=\"http://esrp.csustan.edu/publications/pubhtml.php?doc=sjvrp&file=chapter02M02.html\">San Joaquin antelope squirrels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/whiptail03/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32918\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32918\" title=\"Western_whiptail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Whiptail03-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Western whiptail lizard in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists also monitored populations of non-threatened species like the western whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris). Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another approach used by government and land conservation organizations trying to protect a threatened native species is to buy a piece of land, and promptly remove the cattle in an effort to return it to its \"natural\" state. However, without cows to keep the dense exotic grasses at bay, the native species meant to be protected lack suitable habitat, and can disappear anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Natural\" is one of those tricky concepts that's becoming harder and harder to define. Whether native or not, the species in any ecosystem are intertwined in complex ways. Removing one \"unnatural\" element is seldom enough. But is it realistic for the whole of California to go back to the landscapes of 200 years ago? Highly unlikely! Even if it were, the domino effect works in both ways, and there's no telling what unintended side effects such a shift would cause. As scientists, officials and citizens work to prioritize needs, the debates will rage on. I hope they'll remember that sometimes solutions come in unlikely packages. Just ask a cow in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In California's arid San Joaquin Valley, scientists propose a novel approach to managing the landscape to benefit the threatened lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Livestock grazing, often demonized in the conservation world, can actually help create livable habitat for smaller creatures when well-managed. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753588,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":754},"headData":{"title":"Grazing a New Trail | KQED","description":"In California's arid San Joaquin Valley, scientists propose a novel approach to managing the landscape to benefit the threatened lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Livestock grazing, often demonized in the conservation world, can actually help create livable habitat for smaller creatures when well-managed. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Grazing a New Trail","datePublished":"2012-03-13T07:02:34.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:46:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"32892 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=32892","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/","disqusTitle":"Grazing a New Trail","path":"/quest/32892/grazing-a-new-trail","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32894\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/cow_bekker/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32894\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-32894\" title=\"cow_Bekker\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg\" alt=\"Cow grazing\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/cow_Bekker-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle ranching has a bad rap in the conservation community, but a new study suggests they can also be part of a solution. Image credit: Albert P. Bekker.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What's an ecologist to do when non-native plants have displaced native species and are disrupting an ecosystem? It has never been an easy question and won't become one any time soon. But as scientists monitor these situations over time, they learn more about what works and what doesn't. Galen Rathbun, a research associate at the California Academy of Sciences, and his colleagues at Cal State Bakersfield and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management have just published a paper in the Journal of Wildlife Management recommending a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.316/abstract\">novel approach to managing arid lands in the San Joaquin Valley\u003c/a> to benefit the remarkable diversity of endangered lizards, kangaroo rats, and squirrels who call it home. Their proposed solution has four legs and moos: cattle. Livestock grazing has a bad rap in the conservation community as a practice which has caused great damage to large swaths of western North America, which is often true. However, these scientists suggest that well-managed livestock grazing can actually benefit small vertebrates by keeping non-native grasses under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley, which stretches from Kern County in southern California up to the southern end of the Sacramento Valley, has traditionally been managed as grassland, but species distribution data and historical evidence (like the writings of Spanish explorers and missionaries) suggests that before the introduction of farming, ranching and non-native grasses, the bulk of the region would have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3375/043.031.0206\">more accurately classified as a desert\u003c/a>. If they're right, this has major impacts on conservation strategies for the threatened and endemic animals that live there. Since European settlers arrived, the valley's landscape has shifted from a desert dotted with saltbush to dense grassland and shrubland, dominated by non-native plants, cattle ranching and agricultural crops. Populations of native small vertebrates in the area are declining and one theory is that the altered vegetation plays a big role. Blunt-nosed leopard lizards, giant kangaroo rats, and other animals adapted to desert life are thought to have trouble moving through exotic dense grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32903\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/giant_kangaroo_rat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32903\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32903\" title=\"giant_kangaroo_rat\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/giant_kangaroo_rat-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Giant kangaroo rat in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ingens) are among the threatened and endangered species which stand to benefit from new and improved exotic grass management techniques in California's San Joaquin Valley. Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the ten-year study, the group monitored populations of key small vertebrate species on plots of land with and without managed grazing. They found grazing to have a neutral or positive effect on population size (not the negative effect expected by some), whereas the untouched control pastures saw little to no change. The idea that cattle grazing could be beneficial to the area's endemic and threatened species could really shake up future conservation strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has been used as a management tool in the past to keep exotic grasses under control in the valley, but many desert plants are not fire-adapted, so the practice just perpetuates a grassland landscape, killing native perennial saltbushes. Grazing, on the other hand, would manage the grasses' growth, while allowing saltbush to reestablish itself, a presence that has been shown to favor western whiptail lizards and threatened \u003ca href=\"http://esrp.csustan.edu/publications/pubhtml.php?doc=sjvrp&file=chapter02M02.html\">San Joaquin antelope squirrels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_32918\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/13/grazing-a-new-trail/whiptail03/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-32918\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-32918\" title=\"Western_whiptail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/03/Whiptail03-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Western whiptail lizard in San Joaquin Valley\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists also monitored populations of non-threatened species like the western whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris). Photo credit: Galen Rathbun.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another approach used by government and land conservation organizations trying to protect a threatened native species is to buy a piece of land, and promptly remove the cattle in an effort to return it to its \"natural\" state. However, without cows to keep the dense exotic grasses at bay, the native species meant to be protected lack suitable habitat, and can disappear anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Natural\" is one of those tricky concepts that's becoming harder and harder to define. Whether native or not, the species in any ecosystem are intertwined in complex ways. Removing one \"unnatural\" element is seldom enough. But is it realistic for the whole of California to go back to the landscapes of 200 years ago? Highly unlikely! Even if it were, the domino effect works in both ways, and there's no telling what unintended side effects such a shift would cause. As scientists, officials and citizens work to prioritize needs, the debates will rage on. I hope they'll remember that sometimes solutions come in unlikely packages. Just ask a cow in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/32892/grazing-a-new-trail","authors":["10317"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_3309","quest_10796","quest_3502","quest_10795","quest_716","quest_10794","quest_10799","quest_10798","quest_3351","quest_3307","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_10793","quest_10797"],"featImg":"quest_32894","label":"quest"},"quest_12171":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_12171","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"12171","score":null,"sort":[1297454747000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"land-preservation-on-the-chopping-block-2","title":"Land Preservation on the Chopping Block","publishDate":1297454747,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/land3002.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Under Governor Jerry Brown's proposed budget, state funding for the Williamson Act would be eliminated. Photo Credit: Jennifer Rusk\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After plenty of winter rain, the hills of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yololandandcattle.com/\">Yolo Land and Cattle Company\u003c/a> are especially green this year. That's a good thing, says owner Casey Stone, when you're raising grass-fed cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've become more grass farmers than cow farmers. You gotta manage the whole resource and whole package,\" says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone and I are driving through his 7500-acre ranch in Yolo County, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. \"These are some of our fall calvers out here,\" he says, pointing to just a few of his 700 Black Angus cattle, who, right now have fuzzy winter coats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have only been a few families that have owned this ranch over the years since it was homesteaded back in the 1860s,\" he says. Stone's father started their cattle operation in the 1970s and he took advantage of \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/lca/Pages/Index.aspx\">the Williamson Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-14-quest.mp3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/land-preservation-on-the-chopping-block\">Land Preservation on the Chopping Block\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: in exchange for agreeing not to develop their land, the Stones pay lower property taxes on their ranch. The program was created in 1965 to preserve open space in California. Today, it covers more than half of the state's farm and ranchland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Governor Jerry Brown's proposed budget, state funding for the Williamson Act would be eliminated. \"I think people have taken it for granted up until recently cause it's always been something that's out there,\" says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone says the program helps keep many ranchers afloat, given the volatile cattle market. \"It's a very cyclical business. Eight years ago we were down in the dumps.\" Without the program, Stone expects his property taxes to jump 38 percent on the ranch. For his neighbors, he says, it could be higher and that creates pressure to subdivide the land. \"In this type of area, everyone wants a ranchette in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Young, Yolo County Agricultural Commissioner, agrees. \"The ranchers are gonna by far be hit the hardest here. The pressure on them is going to be to cut this acreage apart and start to sell it off chunk by chunk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may not be much development pressure today, but Young expects it to come back as the economy rebounds. And since ranchers need a lot of land to raise cattle, higher taxes will hit them hard. \"Most farmers can't afford to pay those kind of taxes when it takes 40 acres for one cow/calf pair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties will also be in a tight spot, if the legislature passes Brown's budget. Since counties collect lower property taxes under the program, the state usually reimburses them for the lost funds. In Yolo County, that's supposed to be 1.3 million dollars a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, these days, all of California is facing some tough cuts, as Governor Brown said a few weeks ago. \"Do I like the choices we face? No, I don't like them. But after serious study of the options left by a 25 billion dollar deficit, the budget I proposed is the best that I can devise,\" he said in the State of the State address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Young says it would fall to the counties to decide if they can continue the conservation program without state support. \"Williamson Act is one of the best land conservation acts that's ever existed anywhere. So really this is a statewide issue. It shouldn't be on each individual county to decide that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Williamson Act isn't just something that ranchers care about. On Howard Ranch, a 12,000-acre cattle ranch in eastern Sacramento County, Jaymee Marty is standing next to what looks like a small pond. Marty is an ecologist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/california/\">the Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A vernal pool is basically a season wetland and this is sort of a little hotspot of native diversity,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These small wetlands may not seem like much, but every spring, they only appear in California's grasslands. By summer, they're completely dried up. \"So you have you know hundreds of plant species that are found nowhere else in the world except in California in vernal pools.\" They're also home to species like ferry shrimp and tiger salamanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12179\" title=\"vernal-pool\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vernal-pool2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vernal-pool2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vernal-pool2-400x150.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cem>Two different vernal pools in Jaymee Marty's research. On the left is a pool that's been fenced off from cattle, while the pool on the right was left open. The fenced pool is choked with thatch and invasive weeds like Medusahead. Cattle have kept those plants down in the open pool, which Marty says is a more productive environment for tiger salamanders and other species that depend on these seasonal pools. Photos: Jaymee Marty and Jennifer Buck.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, Marty began a study to see if cattle were harming these tiny communities. \"I thought that I was going to find that some species were really going to lose out in a grazed grassland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Marty found that cattle help create a better environment for vernal pools. There are types of grazing that are not good for the ecosystem, says Marty, but studies have shown that rangeland is an important habitat for raptors and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the loss of more than 500,000 acres of California ranchland over the last quarter century is a concern. \"It's pretty shocking. Some counties have a lot more loss than others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, says Marty, is where the Williamson Act comes in. \"Really the only reason that this grassland is in existence today is because it has been ranched, because people have been able to make a living off of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why she sees the Williamson Act as an important conservation tool in California. But in Sacramento, the act is competing with schools and health care for limited funding. Legislators are now holding budget hearings that will decide the future of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.623317 -122.02352\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Under Governor Jerry Brown's proposed budget, state funding for the Williamson Act would be eliminated.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371063929,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1045},"headData":{"title":"Land Preservation on the Chopping Block | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Land Preservation on the Chopping Block","datePublished":"2011-02-11T20:05:47.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T19:05:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"12171 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=12171","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/land-preservation-on-the-chopping-block-2/","disqusTitle":"Land Preservation on the Chopping Block","path":"/quest/12171/land-preservation-on-the-chopping-block-2","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-14-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/land3002.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Under Governor Jerry Brown's proposed budget, state funding for the Williamson Act would be eliminated. Photo Credit: Jennifer Rusk\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After plenty of winter rain, the hills of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yololandandcattle.com/\">Yolo Land and Cattle Company\u003c/a> are especially green this year. That's a good thing, says owner Casey Stone, when you're raising grass-fed cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've become more grass farmers than cow farmers. You gotta manage the whole resource and whole package,\" says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone and I are driving through his 7500-acre ranch in Yolo County, about 30 miles west of Sacramento. \"These are some of our fall calvers out here,\" he says, pointing to just a few of his 700 Black Angus cattle, who, right now have fuzzy winter coats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have only been a few families that have owned this ranch over the years since it was homesteaded back in the 1860s,\" he says. Stone's father started their cattle operation in the 1970s and he took advantage of \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/lca/Pages/Index.aspx\">the Williamson Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/02/2011-02-14-quest.mp3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/land-preservation-on-the-chopping-block\">Land Preservation on the Chopping Block\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: in exchange for agreeing not to develop their land, the Stones pay lower property taxes on their ranch. The program was created in 1965 to preserve open space in California. Today, it covers more than half of the state's farm and ranchland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Governor Jerry Brown's proposed budget, state funding for the Williamson Act would be eliminated. \"I think people have taken it for granted up until recently cause it's always been something that's out there,\" says Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone says the program helps keep many ranchers afloat, given the volatile cattle market. \"It's a very cyclical business. Eight years ago we were down in the dumps.\" Without the program, Stone expects his property taxes to jump 38 percent on the ranch. For his neighbors, he says, it could be higher and that creates pressure to subdivide the land. \"In this type of area, everyone wants a ranchette in the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Young, Yolo County Agricultural Commissioner, agrees. \"The ranchers are gonna by far be hit the hardest here. The pressure on them is going to be to cut this acreage apart and start to sell it off chunk by chunk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may not be much development pressure today, but Young expects it to come back as the economy rebounds. And since ranchers need a lot of land to raise cattle, higher taxes will hit them hard. \"Most farmers can't afford to pay those kind of taxes when it takes 40 acres for one cow/calf pair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties will also be in a tight spot, if the legislature passes Brown's budget. Since counties collect lower property taxes under the program, the state usually reimburses them for the lost funds. In Yolo County, that's supposed to be 1.3 million dollars a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, these days, all of California is facing some tough cuts, as Governor Brown said a few weeks ago. \"Do I like the choices we face? No, I don't like them. But after serious study of the options left by a 25 billion dollar deficit, the budget I proposed is the best that I can devise,\" he said in the State of the State address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Young says it would fall to the counties to decide if they can continue the conservation program without state support. \"Williamson Act is one of the best land conservation acts that's ever existed anywhere. So really this is a statewide issue. It shouldn't be on each individual county to decide that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Williamson Act isn't just something that ranchers care about. On Howard Ranch, a 12,000-acre cattle ranch in eastern Sacramento County, Jaymee Marty is standing next to what looks like a small pond. Marty is an ecologist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/california/\">the Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A vernal pool is basically a season wetland and this is sort of a little hotspot of native diversity,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These small wetlands may not seem like much, but every spring, they only appear in California's grasslands. By summer, they're completely dried up. \"So you have you know hundreds of plant species that are found nowhere else in the world except in California in vernal pools.\" They're also home to species like ferry shrimp and tiger salamanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12179\" title=\"vernal-pool\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vernal-pool2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vernal-pool2.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/vernal-pool2-400x150.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cem>Two different vernal pools in Jaymee Marty's research. On the left is a pool that's been fenced off from cattle, while the pool on the right was left open. The fenced pool is choked with thatch and invasive weeds like Medusahead. Cattle have kept those plants down in the open pool, which Marty says is a more productive environment for tiger salamanders and other species that depend on these seasonal pools. Photos: Jaymee Marty and Jennifer Buck.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, Marty began a study to see if cattle were harming these tiny communities. \"I thought that I was going to find that some species were really going to lose out in a grazed grassland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Marty found that cattle help create a better environment for vernal pools. There are types of grazing that are not good for the ecosystem, says Marty, but studies have shown that rangeland is an important habitat for raptors and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the loss of more than 500,000 acres of California ranchland over the last quarter century is a concern. \"It's pretty shocking. Some counties have a lot more loss than others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, says Marty, is where the Williamson Act comes in. \"Really the only reason that this grassland is in existence today is because it has been ranched, because people have been able to make a living off of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why she sees the Williamson Act as an important conservation tool in California. But in Sacramento, the act is competing with schools and health care for limited funding. Legislators are now holding budget hearings that will decide the future of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>38.623317 -122.02352\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/12171/land-preservation-on-the-chopping-block-2","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_3229"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_395","quest_3502","quest_716","quest_1073","quest_3633","quest_13203","quest_2284","quest_3727","quest_3728","quest_13364","quest_3814"],"featImg":"quest_12203","label":"quest"},"quest_7665":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_7665","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"7665","score":null,"sort":[1282957246000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it","title":"Reporter's Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It","publishDate":1282957246,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Reporter’s Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-44CowPower_300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Cows at Fiscalini Farms in Modesto, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/from-waste-to-watts-biofuel-bonanza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we visited a Central Valley dairy\u003c/a> that was taking an innovative approach to its waste problem. Instead of collecting thousands of pounds of cow manure in open holding ponds, Joseph Gallo Farms uses it in a renewable energy technology known as a methane digester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane gas is a natural byproduct of cow digestion. It’s produced as bacteria inside their stomach break down food. That process continues on the back end (so to speak) as cow manure decomposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is also a powerful contributor to climate change – about 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide. The UN has estimated that 18 percent of greenhouse gases worldwide come from livestock. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/specialseries/methane.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check out this story\u003c/a> from KQED’s Climate Watch for more on the sources of methane.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By capturing methane, dairy digesters keep it out of the atmosphere. But they also create a source of renewable energy. Methane is a natural gas — it can be burned just like propane. So, Gallo Farms pipes the methane over to a generator, which produces enough electricity to run the farm and their cheese plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since our visit, the story has taken an interesting turn. Both Gallo Farms and another dairy with a digester, Fiscalini Farms, are located in the San Joaquin Valley – an area with some of the worst air quality the country. The air district is consistently considered in “non-attainment” – which means they aren’t meeting the federal limits on air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both dairies’ digesters are reducing one kind of pollution, greenhouse gases, they’re actually adding to another kind. Generators, like any other combustion engine, produce nitrous oxide pollution – or NOx – which is a component of smog. Given the smog problem in the valley, the local air district decided to put a pollution limit on the dairy digester generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, both dairies have struggled to meet to the limits. Unlike pipeline-quality natural gas, the methane (or biogas) that comes from a digester varies in quality, which affects how much pollution is produced in the generator’s exhaust. John Fiscalini of Fiscalini Farms has spent $200,000 on a pollution control device that reduces NOx pollution. But he says it’s been a challenging process and he’s concerned that other dairies have been discouraged by his experience with regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on Fiscalini’s story and more about the challenges facing dairy digesters, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this week’s radio story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/27/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">Listen to Cow Power Not Cutting It\u003c/a> radio report online and check out the slideshow below for more on how dairy digesters work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.710486 -121.12798\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A handful of dairies across California are capturing the climate change emissions produced by their cows. But they're running headlong into another environmental problem.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684975080,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":459},"headData":{"title":"Reporter's Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It | KQED","description":"A handful of dairies across California are capturing the climate change emissions produced by their cows. But they're running headlong into another environmental problem.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Reporter's Notes: Cow Power Not Cutting It","datePublished":"2010-08-28T01:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-25T00:38:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/quest/7665/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/08/4-44CowPower_300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Cows at Fiscalini Farms in Modesto, California.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/from-waste-to-watts-biofuel-bonanza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">we visited a Central Valley dairy\u003c/a> that was taking an innovative approach to its waste problem. Instead of collecting thousands of pounds of cow manure in open holding ponds, Joseph Gallo Farms uses it in a renewable energy technology known as a methane digester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane gas is a natural byproduct of cow digestion. It’s produced as bacteria inside their stomach break down food. That process continues on the back end (so to speak) as cow manure decomposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is also a powerful contributor to climate change – about 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide. The UN has estimated that 18 percent of greenhouse gases worldwide come from livestock. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/specialseries/methane.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Check out this story\u003c/a> from KQED’s Climate Watch for more on the sources of methane.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By capturing methane, dairy digesters keep it out of the atmosphere. But they also create a source of renewable energy. Methane is a natural gas — it can be burned just like propane. So, Gallo Farms pipes the methane over to a generator, which produces enough electricity to run the farm and their cheese plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since our visit, the story has taken an interesting turn. Both Gallo Farms and another dairy with a digester, Fiscalini Farms, are located in the San Joaquin Valley – an area with some of the worst air quality the country. The air district is consistently considered in “non-attainment” – which means they aren’t meeting the federal limits on air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both dairies’ digesters are reducing one kind of pollution, greenhouse gases, they’re actually adding to another kind. Generators, like any other combustion engine, produce nitrous oxide pollution – or NOx – which is a component of smog. Given the smog problem in the valley, the local air district decided to put a pollution limit on the dairy digester generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, both dairies have struggled to meet to the limits. Unlike pipeline-quality natural gas, the methane (or biogas) that comes from a digester varies in quality, which affects how much pollution is produced in the generator’s exhaust. John Fiscalini of Fiscalini Farms has spent $200,000 on a pollution control device that reduces NOx pollution. But he says it’s been a challenging process and he’s concerned that other dairies have been discouraged by his experience with regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on Fiscalini’s story and more about the challenges facing dairy digesters, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this week’s radio story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/27/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/cow-power-not-cutting-it\">Listen to Cow Power Not Cutting It\u003c/a> radio report online and check out the slideshow below for more on how dairy digesters work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.710486 -121.12798\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/7665/reporters-notes-cow-power-not-cutting-it","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_94","quest_252","quest_621","quest_716","quest_755","quest_1801","quest_1802","quest_2409"],"label":"quest"},"quest_372":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_372","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"372","score":null,"sort":[1201227537000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cashing-in-on-carbon-2","title":"Cashing in on Carbon","publishDate":1201227537,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/radio2-16_carbon300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>When football fans tune in on Super Bowl Sunday next weekend, they'll be watching a \u003ca href=\"http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/1225supergreen1225.html\" target=\"_blank\">greener Super Bowl\u003c/a>, according to the NFL. Demand for carbon credits is booming, with companies from Dell Computer to Enterprise Rent-a-Car offering their customers offsets with their purchases. But critics are concerned that consumers don't know what they're buying - or might not be getting what they're promised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://blog.oup.com/2006/11/carbon_neutral_/\" target=\"_blank\">2006 Word of the Year\u003c/a> was \"carbon netural\" in the The New Oxford English Dictionary. But there's still a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/12/ask_treehugger_28.php\" target=\"_blank\">debate about what it means\u003c/a>. Many people compare the U.S. carbon offset market to the Wild West. Since there is no regulation, how do you know what you're buying?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several guides to carbon offsets that have been created by non-profit organizations, designed to help the average consumer (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\" target=\"_blank\">see related resources\u003c/a>). But part of the problem is that many people are still debating what a carbon offset should be. And that's a debate that can be found in the blogosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place you can find it is on the \u003ca href=\"http://gristmill.grist.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Grist.org blog\u003c/a> which has many bloggers writing about green issues. Forestry offset projects, which sell credits based on the fact that trees sequester-- or hold carbon dioxide, have come under fire. You can read about a few of the critiques \u003ca href=\"http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/10/84942/4328\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/advice/ask/2007/01/22/planting/\" target=\"_blank\">here \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/3/132248/6182\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another blog, \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Treehugger.com\u003c/a>, has followed the issue as well. They posted \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/03/survey_of_carbo.php\" target=\"_blank\">this comparison of offset providers\u003c/a> to help their readers do their homework and \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/how-to-green-your-carbon-offsets.php\" target=\"_blank\">this more in depth guide\u003c/a> on the issues buyers should be aware of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, one of the earliest debates over offsets was whether \u003ca href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2006/oct/18/green.guardiansocietysupplement\" target=\"_blank\">offsets would act as \"indulgences\"\u003c/a>, distracting consumers from making concrete changes in their lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Terrapass, one offset retailer, has tried to investigate this by surveying their customers. They found that the majority of them had \u003ca href=\"http://www.terrapass.com/blog/posts/terrapass-custo\" target=\"_blank\">already had green habits\u003c/a>. Still, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/20/business/worldbusiness/20carbon.html\" target=\"_blank\">virtues of offsets\u003c/a> are a matter of personal opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\"> listen to the \"Cashing in on Carbon\" radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_lsommer.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer\u003c/strong> is an Associate Media Producer for QUEST.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.325510\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-120.640341\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.850783 -122.294830\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371081021,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":375},"headData":{"title":"Cashing in on Carbon | KQED","description":"When football fans tune in on Super Bowl Sunday next weekend, they'll be watching a greener Super Bowl, according to the NFL. Demand for carbon credits is booming, with companies from Dell Computer to Enterprise Rent-a-Car offering their customers offsets with their purchases. But critics are concerned that consumers don't know what they're buying -","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cashing in on Carbon","datePublished":"2008-01-25T02:18:57.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T23:50:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"372 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/01/24/cashing-in-on-carbon/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/24/cashing-in-on-carbon-2/","disqusTitle":"Cashing in on Carbon","path":"/quest/372/cashing-in-on-carbon-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/01/radio2-16_carbon300.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>When football fans tune in on Super Bowl Sunday next weekend, they'll be watching a \u003ca href=\"http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/1225supergreen1225.html\" target=\"_blank\">greener Super Bowl\u003c/a>, according to the NFL. Demand for carbon credits is booming, with companies from Dell Computer to Enterprise Rent-a-Car offering their customers offsets with their purchases. But critics are concerned that consumers don't know what they're buying - or might not be getting what they're promised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://blog.oup.com/2006/11/carbon_neutral_/\" target=\"_blank\">2006 Word of the Year\u003c/a> was \"carbon netural\" in the The New Oxford English Dictionary. But there's still a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/12/ask_treehugger_28.php\" target=\"_blank\">debate about what it means\u003c/a>. Many people compare the U.S. carbon offset market to the Wild West. Since there is no regulation, how do you know what you're buying?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several guides to carbon offsets that have been created by non-profit organizations, designed to help the average consumer (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\" target=\"_blank\">see related resources\u003c/a>). But part of the problem is that many people are still debating what a carbon offset should be. And that's a debate that can be found in the blogosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place you can find it is on the \u003ca href=\"http://gristmill.grist.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Grist.org blog\u003c/a> which has many bloggers writing about green issues. Forestry offset projects, which sell credits based on the fact that trees sequester-- or hold carbon dioxide, have come under fire. You can read about a few of the critiques \u003ca href=\"http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/10/84942/4328\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/advice/ask/2007/01/22/planting/\" target=\"_blank\">here \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/3/132248/6182\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another blog, \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Treehugger.com\u003c/a>, has followed the issue as well. They posted \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/03/survey_of_carbo.php\" target=\"_blank\">this comparison of offset providers\u003c/a> to help their readers do their homework and \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/how-to-green-your-carbon-offsets.php\" target=\"_blank\">this more in depth guide\u003c/a> on the issues buyers should be aware of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, one of the earliest debates over offsets was whether \u003ca href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2006/oct/18/green.guardiansocietysupplement\" target=\"_blank\">offsets would act as \"indulgences\"\u003c/a>, distracting consumers from making concrete changes in their lifestyles to reduce their carbon footprint. Terrapass, one offset retailer, has tried to investigate this by surveying their customers. They found that the majority of them had \u003ca href=\"http://www.terrapass.com/blog/posts/terrapass-custo\" target=\"_blank\">already had green habits\u003c/a>. Still, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/20/business/worldbusiness/20carbon.html\" target=\"_blank\">virtues of offsets\u003c/a> are a matter of personal opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/images/radio_icon_light.gif\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>You may \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/view/740\"> listen to the \"Cashing in on Carbon\" radio report\u003c/a> online, as well as find additional links and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_lsommer.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer\u003c/strong> is an Associate Media Producer for QUEST.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.325510\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-120.640341\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.850783 -122.294830\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/372/cashing-in-on-carbon-2","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_1"],"tags":["quest_482","quest_484","quest_487","quest_488","quest_490","quest_716","quest_1224","quest_1272","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_1801","quest_2055","quest_2349","quest_13202","quest_2530"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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