California Department of Fish and GameCalifornia Department of Fish and Game
California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts
Fair Game? On Lions, Hunters and Wildlife Policy
Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us
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About half the time, they do this with dogs, which track the bears through the forest and corner them in trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the state legislature is considering a bill that would end that practice and the legislation has sparked strong feelings on both sides of California’s urban-rural divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hounds are a way of life for Dan Tichenor, who has six Plott hounds at his Castro Valley home, including nine-year-old Osage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s been on a lot of bear tracks – more than a hundred in his life,” says Tichenor. The dogs are open trailers, trained to bark when they’re tracking a scent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tichenor explains the process through a video of a recent bear hunt. The dogs run off, their noses to the ground, periodically letting out a loud bawl. It helps the hunters follow them and, Tichenor says, gives the bears plenty of warning. The goal in this kind of hunting, is to get the bear to climb a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You wonder why does a 300-pound bear climb a tree over a 56-pound dog? Black bears evolved with Grizzly bears. So they have an instinct to climb trees to get away from danger,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, Tichenor and two friends approach a bear in a tree. “Yeah, I’m reading him a just a good, adult bear,” he says. Most of the time Tichenor practices what he calls “catch and release” – letting the bear go once the dogs tree the bear. But not this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41550\" title=\"DSC00274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Tichenor at his home in Castro Valley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re clear. Go right ahead.” says Tichenor. The hunter takes aim with his rifle, and after a single shot, the bear drops from the tree. “Hey way to go, Bill,” Tichenor says in the video. “That was an instantaneous kill. I never saw one drop so quick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Bill Would Ban Hounds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a menacing, reckless pursuit,” says Jennifer Fearing, California Director for the Humane Society of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing humane about chasing and harassing an animal like a bear for hours and miles on end until it’s so exhausted that it climbs a tree,” she says. Fearing says hounding is stressful for the bears and puts the dogs in harm's way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society is sponsoring a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state. If the legislation fails, they’re not afraid to take it a step further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, my boss, has already pledged to pursue a ballot measure that would go ahead and eliminate their rights to pursue bears at all,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Bears Doing Well\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting is regulated by California’s Department of Fish and Game. Department biologist Cristen Langner says with around 35,000 black bears in the state, the population can support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very modest harvest, compared to what we think the population can handle,” says Langner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Tichenor says dogs are part of this tradition and actually make hunting more humane, because hunters are closer when they take their shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, you have a clean kill and you have much less risk of an injury or a fatal injury that takes a long time for the animal to die,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society says she knows hunters won’t agree with her – but if they want to preserve their lifestyle, she thinks they need to make some changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less than one percent of Californians hunt and these hunting traditions that they want to maintain, they really depend on how non-hunters view the legitimacy of hunting practices,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state senate passed the bear hunting bill in May. The assembly is expected to take it up when they return in August.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1344279459,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":733},"headData":{"title":"California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts | KQED","description":"The legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"41545 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=audio_reports&p=41545","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/27/california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts/","disqusTitle":"California Considers Banning Dogs in Bear Hunts","path":"/quest/41545/california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-30-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/07/2012-07-30-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41547\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/BearHunting.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-41547\" title=\"BearHunting\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/BearHunting-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osage, one of Dan Tichenor's trailhounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You won’t find grizzly bears in California anymore, but black bears are plentiful and every year, hunters kill about 1,700 of them. About half the time, they do this with dogs, which track the bears through the forest and corner them in trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the state legislature is considering a bill that would end that practice and the legislation has sparked strong feelings on both sides of California’s urban-rural divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hounds are a way of life for Dan Tichenor, who has six Plott hounds at his Castro Valley home, including nine-year-old Osage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s been on a lot of bear tracks – more than a hundred in his life,” says Tichenor. The dogs are open trailers, trained to bark when they’re tracking a scent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tichenor explains the process through a video of a recent bear hunt. The dogs run off, their noses to the ground, periodically letting out a loud bawl. It helps the hunters follow them and, Tichenor says, gives the bears plenty of warning. The goal in this kind of hunting, is to get the bear to climb a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You wonder why does a 300-pound bear climb a tree over a 56-pound dog? Black bears evolved with Grizzly bears. So they have an instinct to climb trees to get away from danger,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, Tichenor and two friends approach a bear in a tree. “Yeah, I’m reading him a just a good, adult bear,” he says. Most of the time Tichenor practices what he calls “catch and release” – letting the bear go once the dogs tree the bear. But not this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_41550\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-41550\" title=\"DSC00274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/07/DSC00274-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Tichenor at his home in Castro Valley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re clear. Go right ahead.” says Tichenor. The hunter takes aim with his rifle, and after a single shot, the bear drops from the tree. “Hey way to go, Bill,” Tichenor says in the video. “That was an instantaneous kill. I never saw one drop so quick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Bill Would Ban Hounds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a menacing, reckless pursuit,” says Jennifer Fearing, California Director for the Humane Society of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing humane about chasing and harassing an animal like a bear for hours and miles on end until it’s so exhausted that it climbs a tree,” she says. Fearing says hounding is stressful for the bears and puts the dogs in harm's way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Humane Society is sponsoring a bill that would ban the use of hounds in both bear and bobcat hunting in the state. If the legislation fails, they’re not afraid to take it a step further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, my boss, has already pledged to pursue a ballot measure that would go ahead and eliminate their rights to pursue bears at all,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Bears Doing Well\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting is regulated by California’s Department of Fish and Game. Department biologist Cristen Langner says with around 35,000 black bears in the state, the population can support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very modest harvest, compared to what we think the population can handle,” says Langner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Tichenor says dogs are part of this tradition and actually make hunting more humane, because hunters are closer when they take their shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, you have a clean kill and you have much less risk of an injury or a fatal injury that takes a long time for the animal to die,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society says she knows hunters won’t agree with her – but if they want to preserve their lifestyle, she thinks they need to make some changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less than one percent of Californians hunt and these hunting traditions that they want to maintain, they really depend on how non-hunters view the legitimacy of hunting practices,” says Fearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state senate passed the bear hunting bill in May. The assembly is expected to take it up when they return in August.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/41545/california-considers-banning-dogs-in-bear-hunts","authors":["239"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_11321","quest_11276","quest_9944","quest_857","quest_1419","quest_13203","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_41547","label":"quest"},"quest_34410":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_34410","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"34410","score":null,"sort":[1333523771000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy","title":"Fair Game? On Lions, Hunters and Wildlife Policy","publishDate":1333523771,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34463\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/puma640-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34463\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-34463\" title=\"mountain lion\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/puma6401-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"mountain lion\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kyla, a female mountain lion rescued as a kitten afterpoachers killed her mother, now lives at Sonoma CountyWildlife Rescue in Petaluma. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Should the head of an agency charged with regulating California’s natural resources stay on after flaunting his delight in killing one of the state’s most iconic species? That’s the question on many minds since a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/H4q9FA\">photo surfaced\u003c/a> showing California Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards grinning ear to ear, clutching a massive, lifeless mountain lion against his chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not that the hunt itself was illegal. Hunting mountain lions, or cougars as they’re commonly known, is legal in Idaho, where Richards bagged his trophy, as it is in every other state where they're found—except California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards killed the lion, a 115-pound, three-year-old male, after an eight-hour hound hunt left the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/H4Elfh\">weary animal stranded\u003c/a>, an easy target, in the tall reaches of a Douglas fir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hunt happened on the Flying B Ranch, which charges $6,800 for the privilege. But Richards didn’t pay $6,800. A manager on the ranch told the \u003ca href=\"http://nyti.ms/H6ywTc\">Associated Press\u003c/a> that the commissioner paid $3,200 to hunt birds. California law bars officials from accepting gifts exceeding $420 in one year, and now Richards faces an ethics complaint, filed with the Fair Political Practices Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting aside the question of how shooting a trapped animal constitutes “sport,” lions are “a specially protected mammal” in California. It’s illegal to “take, injure, possess, transport, import, or sell any mountain lion,” unless you can prove possession on June 6, 1990, the day after voters prohibited lion hunting. That means Richards couldn’t legally bring the carcass back into the state. A moot point, anyway, since he says he ate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of lions in California follows the sorry story of large carnivores across the country. Early (non-indigenous) residents considered predators unacceptable threats to livestock and game and, in 1907, the state hired bounty hunters to exterminate them. There’s no doubt extermination was the goal: Females commanded a higher price. By the time the bounty ended in 1963, more than \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=vpc8\">25,000 lions were dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As public attitudes softened, the state reclassified the lion, first as a non-protected mammal in 1963, and then again as a game animal in 1969. But it wasn’t until the early ’70s, when Napa Democrat John Dunlap, backed by 52 conservation groups and thousands of concerned voters, managed to pass a four-year moratorium on trophy hunting, with the goal of conservation, not killing, in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap’s moratorium was extended until 1986, when then-Gov. Deukmejian vetoed reauthorization, placing lions legally in hunters’ sights once again. But public outcry, followed by legal action, upheld the moratorium, which became permanent in 1990, when voters approved Prop. 117, the California Wildlife Protection Act. (It’s still legal to kill lions considered a threat to life or livestock.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last major push to repeal the ban was rejected in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/mountain-lion-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34423\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34423\" title=\"mountain lion FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/mountain-lion-FWS-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"mountain lion\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountain lions are notoriously shy and prefer to avoid humans if possible. (Photo: US FWS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, campaigns to reinstate hunting continue, most recently led by farmers and ranchers in San Benito County asserting (\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/wwksyA\">without basis\u003c/a>) that a growing lion population places residents and livestock in jeopardy. Wildlife biologists, meanwhile, worry that \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/wyMP7Q\">humans pose the bigger threat\u003c/a>, by developing prime lion habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s against this backdrop that Richards, a San Bernardino County commercial real estate developer and National Rifle Association life member, traveled to Idaho, killed the young lion, sent his celebratory photo to a hunting web site, and then fired off a defiant \u003ca href=\"http://sd28.senate.ca.gov/sites/sd28.senate.ca.gov/files/02-29-12%20RichardsF&Gltr.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> to California Assemblyman Ben Hueso, one of 40 legislators asking him to resign, essentially telling him to bug off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards then took his case to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kfiam640.com/pages/jk2010.html?article=9839787\">talk radio\u003c/a>, calling his critics “well-funded enviro terrorists” and “lawsuit machines,” singling out the Humane Society as the “primary culprit in this deal.” He charged the society, and environmental groups, with trying “to infiltrate the department” to stifle debate. “Not only do I challenge them on a daily basis,” Richards asserted, “but it’s more insidious than that, because if they can get a toehold in there…they have the long-term handle. We’ve just done some of that with this MLPA process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards was referring to the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HPoJhs\">Marine Life Protection Act\u003c/a>, a landmark science-based initiative to conserve ocean life and habitat that some sport fishers view as a threat to jobs and fishing rights. The radio show host said the Legislature would be “pretty sick” to pursue Richards’ ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aiming to prevent that, the NRA and Keep America Fishing urged their members to support their ally in Riverside when the Fish and Game Commission met on March 7. In a press release, Keep America Fishing thanked the commissioner for “being a voice of reason throughout the Marine Life Protection initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \"reason,\" they meant Richards’ votes against implementing the MLPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards also voted against renewed efforts to protect California condors from lead ammunition, despite solid \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HPytbq\">evidence\u003c/a> that it’s poisoning the critically endangered birds. In 2011 alone, Richards voted against moves to protect several native species, including the black-backed woodpecker, Cedars buckwheat, American pika, and steelhead salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34414\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 354px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/or11_odfw/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34414\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34414\" title=\"OR11_odfw\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/OR11_odfw-354x253.jpg\" alt=\"OR11 ODFW\" width=\"354\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR-11, a male pup (born spring 2011) from the Walla Walla pack in Oregon, waking up from anesthesia after being radio-collared on Oct. 25, 2011. (Photo: ODFW )\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I won’t guess how he’ll vote on a petition before the commission to list the gray wolf under the California Endangered Species Act, sparked by the appearance of OR-7, the dispersing male from Oregon. Gray wolves receive protection under the federal ESA, except in Idaho (and Montana) after a surprise move by Congress last year. When Idaho’s Fish and Game Commission met in March, its wolf management plan considered five ways to kill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, yes, Flying B Ranch offers wolf hunts, which you can learn about on the Idaho commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://1.usa.gov/HbyQwc\">web site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given Richards’ background, his actions shouldn’t be surprising. Officials, says the commission’s web site, have “expertise in various wildlife-related fields,” though it’s unclear how real estate qualifies as a wildlife-related field. But then only one of the five commissioners, all political appointees, has a background in biology. All the rest have careers in business, labor and farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research over the past decade suggests that predators help maintain plant communities by regulating herbivores. Reintroducing wolves in Yellowstone in the mid-1990s, led to a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/Ha3ebV\">rebound of cottonwoods\u003c/a>, willows and other riparian species by keeping elk numbers down, and provided more habitat for songbirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions, it seems, offer a similar service. A \u003ca href=\"//1.usa.gov/Ha4X0S\">2008 study\u003c/a> showed that after lions disappeared from Yosemite in the 1920s, mule deer populations expanded only to decimate black oak stands by eating up all the tasty shoots before they could take hold, paving the way for other species like pines and firs to fill the void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are also finding evidence that hunting can drive \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/H4L5tw\">evolutionary changes \u003c/a>in target species, selecting for smaller body size and earlier sexual maturity. But it’s unlikely the current commission would care about these studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no wonder that hunters and sport fishers want the commission to protect their interests. Their license fees pay the bulk of state wildlife agency budgets. If the commission is serious about \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HPHqkY\">deflecting charges\u003c/a> that it favors the interests of hunters and fishers and is concerned only with \u003cem>consuming\u003c/em> wildlife resources, why not appoint biologists, rather than businessmen, as wildlife officials?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 117 allocated $30 million a year to protect, restore and acquire habitat for lions and other native species. If Californians really want to protect our wild heritage, we’ll have to do better than that.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Trophy hunting mountain lions is legal in every Western state except California. When the head of the state’s Fish and Wildlife Commission, a life member of the NRA, killed a young lion in Idaho, state legislators and environmental and animal welfare groups called for his resignation. What should Californians expect of state officials in charge of setting wildlife policy?\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443832282,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1363},"headData":{"title":"Fair Game? On Lions, Hunters and Wildlife Policy | KQED","description":"Trophy hunting mountain lions is legal in every Western state except California. When the head of the state’s Fish and Wildlife Commission, a life member of the NRA, killed a young lion in Idaho, state legislators and environmental and animal welfare groups called for his resignation. What should Californians expect of state officials in charge of setting wildlife policy?\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"34410 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=34410","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/","disqusTitle":"Fair Game? On Lions, Hunters and Wildlife Policy","path":"/quest/34410/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34463\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/puma640-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34463\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-34463\" title=\"mountain lion\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/puma6401-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"mountain lion\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kyla, a female mountain lion rescued as a kitten afterpoachers killed her mother, now lives at Sonoma CountyWildlife Rescue in Petaluma. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Should the head of an agency charged with regulating California’s natural resources stay on after flaunting his delight in killing one of the state’s most iconic species? That’s the question on many minds since a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/H4q9FA\">photo surfaced\u003c/a> showing California Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards grinning ear to ear, clutching a massive, lifeless mountain lion against his chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not that the hunt itself was illegal. Hunting mountain lions, or cougars as they’re commonly known, is legal in Idaho, where Richards bagged his trophy, as it is in every other state where they're found—except California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards killed the lion, a 115-pound, three-year-old male, after an eight-hour hound hunt left the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/H4Elfh\">weary animal stranded\u003c/a>, an easy target, in the tall reaches of a Douglas fir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hunt happened on the Flying B Ranch, which charges $6,800 for the privilege. But Richards didn’t pay $6,800. A manager on the ranch told the \u003ca href=\"http://nyti.ms/H6ywTc\">Associated Press\u003c/a> that the commissioner paid $3,200 to hunt birds. California law bars officials from accepting gifts exceeding $420 in one year, and now Richards faces an ethics complaint, filed with the Fair Political Practices Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting aside the question of how shooting a trapped animal constitutes “sport,” lions are “a specially protected mammal” in California. It’s illegal to “take, injure, possess, transport, import, or sell any mountain lion,” unless you can prove possession on June 6, 1990, the day after voters prohibited lion hunting. That means Richards couldn’t legally bring the carcass back into the state. A moot point, anyway, since he says he ate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history of lions in California follows the sorry story of large carnivores across the country. Early (non-indigenous) residents considered predators unacceptable threats to livestock and game and, in 1907, the state hired bounty hunters to exterminate them. There’s no doubt extermination was the goal: Females commanded a higher price. By the time the bounty ended in 1963, more than \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=vpc8\">25,000 lions were dead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As public attitudes softened, the state reclassified the lion, first as a non-protected mammal in 1963, and then again as a game animal in 1969. But it wasn’t until the early ’70s, when Napa Democrat John Dunlap, backed by 52 conservation groups and thousands of concerned voters, managed to pass a four-year moratorium on trophy hunting, with the goal of conservation, not killing, in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap’s moratorium was extended until 1986, when then-Gov. Deukmejian vetoed reauthorization, placing lions legally in hunters’ sights once again. But public outcry, followed by legal action, upheld the moratorium, which became permanent in 1990, when voters approved Prop. 117, the California Wildlife Protection Act. (It’s still legal to kill lions considered a threat to life or livestock.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last major push to repeal the ban was rejected in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/mountain-lion-fws/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34423\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34423\" title=\"mountain lion FWS\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/mountain-lion-FWS-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"mountain lion\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountain lions are notoriously shy and prefer to avoid humans if possible. (Photo: US FWS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, campaigns to reinstate hunting continue, most recently led by farmers and ranchers in San Benito County asserting (\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/wwksyA\">without basis\u003c/a>) that a growing lion population places residents and livestock in jeopardy. Wildlife biologists, meanwhile, worry that \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/wyMP7Q\">humans pose the bigger threat\u003c/a>, by developing prime lion habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s against this backdrop that Richards, a San Bernardino County commercial real estate developer and National Rifle Association life member, traveled to Idaho, killed the young lion, sent his celebratory photo to a hunting web site, and then fired off a defiant \u003ca href=\"http://sd28.senate.ca.gov/sites/sd28.senate.ca.gov/files/02-29-12%20RichardsF&Gltr.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> to California Assemblyman Ben Hueso, one of 40 legislators asking him to resign, essentially telling him to bug off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards then took his case to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kfiam640.com/pages/jk2010.html?article=9839787\">talk radio\u003c/a>, calling his critics “well-funded enviro terrorists” and “lawsuit machines,” singling out the Humane Society as the “primary culprit in this deal.” He charged the society, and environmental groups, with trying “to infiltrate the department” to stifle debate. “Not only do I challenge them on a daily basis,” Richards asserted, “but it’s more insidious than that, because if they can get a toehold in there…they have the long-term handle. We’ve just done some of that with this MLPA process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards was referring to the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HPoJhs\">Marine Life Protection Act\u003c/a>, a landmark science-based initiative to conserve ocean life and habitat that some sport fishers view as a threat to jobs and fishing rights. The radio show host said the Legislature would be “pretty sick” to pursue Richards’ ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aiming to prevent that, the NRA and Keep America Fishing urged their members to support their ally in Riverside when the Fish and Game Commission met on March 7. In a press release, Keep America Fishing thanked the commissioner for “being a voice of reason throughout the Marine Life Protection initiative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \"reason,\" they meant Richards’ votes against implementing the MLPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards also voted against renewed efforts to protect California condors from lead ammunition, despite solid \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HPytbq\">evidence\u003c/a> that it’s poisoning the critically endangered birds. In 2011 alone, Richards voted against moves to protect several native species, including the black-backed woodpecker, Cedars buckwheat, American pika, and steelhead salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34414\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 354px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/04/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy/or11_odfw/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34414\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34414\" title=\"OR11_odfw\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/OR11_odfw-354x253.jpg\" alt=\"OR11 ODFW\" width=\"354\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR-11, a male pup (born spring 2011) from the Walla Walla pack in Oregon, waking up from anesthesia after being radio-collared on Oct. 25, 2011. (Photo: ODFW )\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I won’t guess how he’ll vote on a petition before the commission to list the gray wolf under the California Endangered Species Act, sparked by the appearance of OR-7, the dispersing male from Oregon. Gray wolves receive protection under the federal ESA, except in Idaho (and Montana) after a surprise move by Congress last year. When Idaho’s Fish and Game Commission met in March, its wolf management plan considered five ways to kill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, yes, Flying B Ranch offers wolf hunts, which you can learn about on the Idaho commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://1.usa.gov/HbyQwc\">web site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given Richards’ background, his actions shouldn’t be surprising. Officials, says the commission’s web site, have “expertise in various wildlife-related fields,” though it’s unclear how real estate qualifies as a wildlife-related field. But then only one of the five commissioners, all political appointees, has a background in biology. All the rest have careers in business, labor and farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research over the past decade suggests that predators help maintain plant communities by regulating herbivores. Reintroducing wolves in Yellowstone in the mid-1990s, led to a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/Ha3ebV\">rebound of cottonwoods\u003c/a>, willows and other riparian species by keeping elk numbers down, and provided more habitat for songbirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions, it seems, offer a similar service. A \u003ca href=\"//1.usa.gov/Ha4X0S\">2008 study\u003c/a> showed that after lions disappeared from Yosemite in the 1920s, mule deer populations expanded only to decimate black oak stands by eating up all the tasty shoots before they could take hold, paving the way for other species like pines and firs to fill the void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are also finding evidence that hunting can drive \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/H4L5tw\">evolutionary changes \u003c/a>in target species, selecting for smaller body size and earlier sexual maturity. But it’s unlikely the current commission would care about these studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no wonder that hunters and sport fishers want the commission to protect their interests. Their license fees pay the bulk of state wildlife agency budgets. If the commission is serious about \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HPHqkY\">deflecting charges\u003c/a> that it favors the interests of hunters and fishers and is concerned only with \u003cem>consuming\u003c/em> wildlife resources, why not appoint biologists, rather than businessmen, as wildlife officials?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 117 allocated $30 million a year to protect, restore and acquire habitat for lions and other native species. If Californians really want to protect our wild heritage, we’ll have to do better than that.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/34410/fair-game-on-lions-hunters-and-wildlife-policy","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_442","quest_9944","quest_10938","quest_684","quest_10936","quest_10937","quest_921","quest_10935","quest_1880","quest_13","quest_3178"],"featImg":"quest_34454","label":"quest"},"quest_22006":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_22006","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"22006","score":null,"sort":[1312395442000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us","title":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us","publishDate":1312395442,"format":"video","headTitle":"Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3296,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>Every summer, 250,000 female bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California’s Central Valley, to wait for the birth of their pups. And each night, the hungry mammals exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation to hunt for insects. (I strongly recommend you watch the HD version of this video - you'll really appreciate the beauty of the bat flyouts much better, especially the final one!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican free-tailed bats living beneath the Yolo Causeway, a three-mile bridge near Davis, make up the largest colony of bats in the Central Valley and most likely one of the biggest in California, said Corky Quirk, education associate with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/\">Yolo Basin Foundation\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22045\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Corky Quirk and QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros\" title=\"Bats of Yolo Causeway (31)_resizedtighter\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22045\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corky Quirk helps QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros prepare to film the bat flyout at the Yolo Causeway.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Amanda Stupi\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Yolo Causeway carries highway 80 traffic over the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/05/19/californias-ingenious-flood-relief-valve/\">Yolo Bypass\u003c/a>, a flood-control structure that protects Sacramento, West Sacramento and nearby communities from the Sacramento River’s rising waters during the winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats fly out from under the bridge each evening from two locations. Between June and August, Quirk takes groups of visitors to watch a large group of the bats fly out in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, which is managed by the state’s Department of Fish and Game. This year’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/events.cfm\">bat tours\u003c/a> sold out after the Sacramento Bee published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/07/08/3755355/yolo-bat-advocate-shines-light.html#storylink=misearch\">story\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22096\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Mexican free-tailed bats fly out at sunset\" title=\"DSC_5171_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bats fly out over the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, in Davis.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Corky Quirk\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But you can watch a slightly smaller group of bats fly out shortly before sunset from the causeway’s bike trail, on the bridge’s west end. Quirk recommends parking on the northwest side of the causeway and walking up onto the levee to reach the bike trail. The bats fly from under the causeway near the levee on the north side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know where these bats spend the rest of the year, although they suspect that some of them remain at the causeway and that others live under nearby Central Valley bridges and in the Bay Area. In \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst/\">another QUEST video \u003c/a>I produced, bat scientists counted 16,000 Mexican free-tailed bats spending the winter under a small bridge in the town of Galt, 20 miles south of Sacramento. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats start to arrive at the causeway in May and make themselves at home in the bridge’s exposition joints, crevices that are one inch wide and 12 inches deep and allow the cement structure to contract and expand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “In our area we don’t have caves, which would be the normal habitat for this particular species,” said Quirk. “But they’ve adapted to live in the structures that the humans have ended up providing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Under the Yolo Causeway\" title=\"DSC_0001_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22034\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mexican free-tailed bats have adapted to living under bridges instead of in caves. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexican free-tailed bats are one of around 16 species of bats in the Bay Area, said Dave Johnston, a wildlife ecologist and an officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbwg.org/index.html\">Western Bat Working Group\u003c/a>. While this species is doing well, other Bay Area bats such as the long-eared myotis, the Townsend’s big-eared bat and the pallid bat, aren’t as numerous as they once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re learning is that more and more of these species are more sensitive to urbanization than we previously thought,” said Johnston. “Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are probably the big suspects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a disease called white-nose syndrome has killed more than one million bats in the eastern United States since it was introduced to New York state in 2006, likely from Europe. The fungal disease attacks bats hibernating in caves and causes them to develop what looks like frost on their snouts and chins. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease is expected to reach California, but Johnston said it’s not clear how it might impact the state’s bats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our bats typically do not go into the deep torpor or deep hibernation when this fungus does its worst effect,” said Johnston. “So that’s a wild card out there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Mexican free-tailed bats weigh about half an ounce and are three inches long. Their 10-inch wingspan makes them look bigger when they’re flying, which they do at speeds of about 50 miles per hour. Under the causeway, they chatter away in high-pitched, bird-like chirps. But when they exit the bridge at sunset, Quirk holds up a phone-sized machine called a bat detector to hear the high-frequency sounds that help the bats locate their prey. Without the bat detector, these sounds aren’t audible to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s Central Valley, Mexican free-tailed bats feed on the moths and moth larvae that attack corn and tomatoes. In Texas, where they’re also known as Brazilian free-tailed bats, they protect the cotton crops and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/cecb/files/2009/08/cleveland-et-al06.pdf\">reduce the cost of pesticides for cotton farmers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they’re pregnant or nursing, they’re going to eat about the equivalent of their weight in insects each night,” said Quirk. “They’re very, very important for our pest control.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22035\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Four-day-old Mexican-free tailed bat pup\" title=\"DSC_0027_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22035\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-day-old bat pup. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each female gives birth to a single pup once a year. The pups, which are born translucent and furless, are large, compared to their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of it as a human mother giving birth to a kindergartner,” said Quirk. Around July 1, Quirk starts to look for tiny bat placentas and umbilical cords that have fallen to the ground under the bridge - a sign that the bats have given birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because nursing bats need to eat so many insects, once they give birth they fly in thicker groups than during their pregnancy. They fly out from under the bridge in a long, twirling line that Quirk describes as a “ribbon.” Each night, three or four ribbons are visible from the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like that they’re so different than their reputation,” said Quirk as she watched a flyout in July. “I like that they’re actually very calm animals for the most part, that they’re hunting insects and not interested in us.” \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Every summer, 250,000 bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California's Central Valley. And each night, they exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1457568852,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1077},"headData":{"title":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us | KQED","description":"Every summer, 250,000 bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California's Central Valley. And each night, they exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"22006 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=22006","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/08/03/science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us/","disqusTitle":"Science on the SPOT: Bats Beneath Us","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/Z0OMf2I3lH4","path":"/quest/22006/science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every summer, 250,000 female bats take up residence under a freeway bridge in California’s Central Valley, to wait for the birth of their pups. And each night, the hungry mammals exit the bridge in a stunning ribbon-like formation to hunt for insects. (I strongly recommend you watch the HD version of this video - you'll really appreciate the beauty of the bat flyouts much better, especially the final one!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican free-tailed bats living beneath the Yolo Causeway, a three-mile bridge near Davis, make up the largest colony of bats in the Central Valley and most likely one of the biggest in California, said Corky Quirk, education associate with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/\">Yolo Basin Foundation\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22045\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/Bats-of-Yolo-Causeway-31_resizedtighter-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Corky Quirk and QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros\" title=\"Bats of Yolo Causeway (31)_resizedtighter\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22045\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corky Quirk helps QUEST producer Gabriela Quiros prepare to film the bat flyout at the Yolo Causeway.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Amanda Stupi\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Yolo Causeway carries highway 80 traffic over the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/05/19/californias-ingenious-flood-relief-valve/\">Yolo Bypass\u003c/a>, a flood-control structure that protects Sacramento, West Sacramento and nearby communities from the Sacramento River’s rising waters during the winter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats fly out from under the bridge each evening from two locations. Between June and August, Quirk takes groups of visitors to watch a large group of the bats fly out in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, which is managed by the state’s Department of Fish and Game. This year’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.yolobasin.org/events.cfm\">bat tours\u003c/a> sold out after the Sacramento Bee published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/07/08/3755355/yolo-bat-advocate-shines-light.html#storylink=misearch\">story\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22096\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_5171_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Mexican free-tailed bats fly out at sunset\" title=\"DSC_5171_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22096\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bats fly out over the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area, in Davis.\u003cbr>\nPhoto: Corky Quirk\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But you can watch a slightly smaller group of bats fly out shortly before sunset from the causeway’s bike trail, on the bridge’s west end. Quirk recommends parking on the northwest side of the causeway and walking up onto the levee to reach the bike trail. The bats fly from under the causeway near the levee on the north side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know where these bats spend the rest of the year, although they suspect that some of them remain at the causeway and that others live under nearby Central Valley bridges and in the Bay Area. In \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bats-in-our-midst/\">another QUEST video \u003c/a>I produced, bat scientists counted 16,000 Mexican free-tailed bats spending the winter under a small bridge in the town of Galt, 20 miles south of Sacramento. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bats start to arrive at the causeway in May and make themselves at home in the bridge’s exposition joints, crevices that are one inch wide and 12 inches deep and allow the cement structure to contract and expand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “In our area we don’t have caves, which would be the normal habitat for this particular species,” said Quirk. “But they’ve adapted to live in the structures that the humans have ended up providing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22034\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0001_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Under the Yolo Causeway\" title=\"DSC_0001_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22034\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mexican free-tailed bats have adapted to living under bridges instead of in caves. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexican free-tailed bats are one of around 16 species of bats in the Bay Area, said Dave Johnston, a wildlife ecologist and an officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbwg.org/index.html\">Western Bat Working Group\u003c/a>. While this species is doing well, other Bay Area bats such as the long-eared myotis, the Townsend’s big-eared bat and the pallid bat, aren’t as numerous as they once were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re learning is that more and more of these species are more sensitive to urbanization than we previously thought,” said Johnston. “Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are probably the big suspects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a disease called white-nose syndrome has killed more than one million bats in the eastern United States since it was introduced to New York state in 2006, likely from Europe. The fungal disease attacks bats hibernating in caves and causes them to develop what looks like frost on their snouts and chins. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease is expected to reach California, but Johnston said it’s not clear how it might impact the state’s bats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our bats typically do not go into the deep torpor or deep hibernation when this fungus does its worst effect,” said Johnston. “So that’s a wild card out there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Mexican free-tailed bats weigh about half an ounce and are three inches long. Their 10-inch wingspan makes them look bigger when they’re flying, which they do at speeds of about 50 miles per hour. Under the causeway, they chatter away in high-pitched, bird-like chirps. But when they exit the bridge at sunset, Quirk holds up a phone-sized machine called a bat detector to hear the high-frequency sounds that help the bats locate their prey. Without the bat detector, these sounds aren’t audible to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s Central Valley, Mexican free-tailed bats feed on the moths and moth larvae that attack corn and tomatoes. In Texas, where they’re also known as Brazilian free-tailed bats, they protect the cotton crops and \u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/cecb/files/2009/08/cleveland-et-al06.pdf\">reduce the cost of pesticides for cotton farmers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they’re pregnant or nursing, they’re going to eat about the equivalent of their weight in insects each night,” said Quirk. “They’re very, very important for our pest control.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22035\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/08/DSC_0027_resized-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Four-day-old Mexican-free tailed bat pup\" title=\"DSC_0027_resized\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-22035\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four-day-old bat pup. Photo: Kate Szrom\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each female gives birth to a single pup once a year. The pups, which are born translucent and furless, are large, compared to their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of it as a human mother giving birth to a kindergartner,” said Quirk. Around July 1, Quirk starts to look for tiny bat placentas and umbilical cords that have fallen to the ground under the bridge - a sign that the bats have given birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because nursing bats need to eat so many insects, once they give birth they fly in thicker groups than during their pregnancy. They fly out from under the bridge in a long, twirling line that Quirk describes as a “ribbon.” Each night, three or four ribbons are visible from the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like that they’re so different than their reputation,” said Quirk as she watched a flyout in July. “I like that they’re actually very calm animals for the most part, that they’re hunting insects and not interested in us.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/22006/science-on-the-spot-bats-beneath-us","authors":["6186"],"series":["quest_3296"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_3422","quest_3233"],"tags":["quest_85","quest_9940","quest_280","quest_9946","quest_9944","quest_9941","quest_9945","quest_13","quest_3071","quest_9942","quest_9943"],"featImg":"quest_22040","label":"quest_3296"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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