Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy
Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple
Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species
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These raptors are generally thought to inhabit the arid mesas and icy buttes of the American West, but a few thousand spend their winters in upland forests and pastures far to the east. It’s here that these great birds are now facing a formidable and unexpected foe: wind energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"5 Sunset birds Jack Geiser\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">573,000 birds died as a result of wind turbines in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.260/abstract\">according to a study\u003c/a> published by The Wildlife Society. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jg_photo_art/10735752396/in/photolist-hmFxaf-gfe2YJ-cUJSEm-9uNWLr-9uS3CG-dsc8p9-8Z84nB-dsc8sJ-dsc8qm-94Sngj-akS4rN-deWLBz-94Snc3-9TGbnD-9TKYdd-fKpJr8-boysAo-fxDnTX-9AmJBh-bTW9jZ-81H342-8EkQAZ-f9tgdm-8DDJLk-7T8zj7-aec6Vx-9uNpun-9ESNdT-8cWCei-d9FaLu-azHjfz-95UV8z-9GuUqx-c5LPA5-b2MWWX-b2MRE4-aaoQJW-dsc3Ti-dsc3UF-8WRBjc-dsccvj-asEfjg-dPYWDJ-9k8Pgj-9Wnp4j-9Wjy2x-9WnoBC-9WnoXS-9Wjy1k-9WjxSM-9WnoQ9/lightbox/\">Jack Geiser\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During their continental migration golden eagles must conserve as much energy as possible. They accomplish this by spending less time hunting and more time gliding, using geographic features like mountain ridges to capture updrafts that buoy them along their way. But eagles are not the only ones seeking to exploit these thermal patterns: wind turbines are often placed along the same breezy ridges that migratory birds and bats depend upon. The result is that wildlife and wind turbines increasingly occupy the same flight path, and that’s bad news for the birds, which can fall victim to the turbines’ 120-foot blades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2013, the Department of Justice successfully prosecuted Duke Energy under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act for the killing of 14 golden eagles at a wind farm in Wyoming. Conveniently for energy corporations like Duke -- and less so for eagles -- in December 2013, the Obama Administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Eagle-deaths-split-wind-farm-debate-5053033.php\">finalized a rule\u003c/a> allowing the incidental “take” of golden and bald eagles by wind farms over a 30-year period of operation, a decision that flies in the face of federal law and drastically heightens the likelihood of further eagle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65684\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65684\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"2 Golden b by Mark Jones\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A subpopulation of golden eagles migrate annually from northeast Canada down the southern Appalachian Mountains. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/56992548@N07/6266405350/in/photolist-axJXZy-axK2xs-axKbty-9ST75g-fkroiZ-7TrMAh-7E8vNm-iixGB4-88SAQx-8Stx2u-8A4zzs-eYXqPk-fJbX2w-buKaeh-8qfz5n-8pyYXY-gnBS8V-8pzAef-bSD5xa-9Mmiu8-846Cp1-bv4n9r-88vc5k-88vc5c-9jM7U7-eHgQbV-cZ7tN9-8rYY5Q-7GpD58-einChc-fHUpKn-fJbWpf-88vc56-8qjhao-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j\">Mark Jones\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And wind turbines are not the only danger Appalachian golden eagles face during their southern sojourn. Much of the birds’ winter nourishment comes from winter-killed deer that have expired over the long frozen nights. But some of these initial deaths come from animals wounded during the region’s popular deer season, and it is this food source that unfortunately poses an additional and insidious threat to the eagles. When a lead rifle bullet strikes an animal, it fragments into many pieces, sending shrapnel tearing through the target’s organs and soft tissues. This amplifies the weapon’s killing power and leaves a deadly legacy for scavengers feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether from gut piles left behind from field-dressing kills or from animals that were wounded and died unclaimed, lead bullet fragments left in the wild will likely be consumed by something: a bear, a fox, an eagle -- nature rarely lets nourishment go to waste. Birds are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of lead. Fortunately, there are lead ammunition \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntingwithnonlead.org\">alternatives such as copper\u003c/a> that are now widely available. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\">See this QUEST story\u003c/a> about California’s efforts to protect the California condor from the dangers posed by lead ammunition.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65700\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65700\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group-271x360.jpg\" alt=\"8 golden strike by The Bird Group\" width=\"190\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photo, courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/researchconservation/aviansafetyresearch.html\">The Bird Group\u003c/a>, allegedly shows a golden eagle killed by a wind turbine collision.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s recent ban on lead hunting ammunition isn’t likely to be duplicated in West Virginia any time soon, but a little care in the placement of wind turbines might be a much more realistic starting point for the long-term protection of these eagles. With climate change manifesting itself more clearly with each passing season, wind energy is making an important contribution toward a more sustainable, clean-burning future. But every technology has its tradeoffs, and quite a long shadow can fall between the idea and the reality, especially when it’s cast by a row of 330-foot-tall rotating turbines. The biologists and policymakers with whom I spoke while reporting this article agree that for renewable energy to be truly sustainable over the long term, it must be undertaken in such a way as to minimize the harmful impacts it can have on the natural environment it’s meant to champion. Renewables are certainly better than fossil fuels, but they are still a form of industry that requires oversight and regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65689\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped-327x253.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy Leon Roland.\" width=\"327\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles in the eastern United States face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rolandlh/4395412731/in/photolist-7GpD58-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gcWP2-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j-dSnV1y-9tSQ4n-9tSQ1X-bWXaAf-9tVN33-aBCsgt-aBCsgB-aBCsgk-dkw8QL-b56SsP-9zqiYP-fPWWg3-c2pZkQ-gY3ujR-bkofic-dGj6CA-dGj8uN-dGj5Q5-dGdG3i-dGdDWX-dGdDya-dGdGnV-bkoh3g-aooC6j-hSZeVu-eXStM9-9bJxXi-9bJy3a-eYxuVb-eYm6f4-9ztg8C-9zqi4c/\">Leon Roland\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration’s decision to excuse turbines from statutes that protect eagles from other manmade dangers runs counter to legal precedent. Without fear of penalty, there is little reason to expect the wind energy corporations to deliberately site new turbines in areas removed from eagle migratory routes. The broken bodies of these magnificent eagles sprawled beneath the massive revolving blades seem to be the preventable \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/images/374_IMG_4297.JPG\">casualties\u003c/a> of a new gold rush for federal incentives supporting clean energy, another obstacle on the long, slow road to a sustainable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Does a shift toward renewable energy sources mean choosing between wind turbines and wildlife? Author William H. Funk weighs in.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1442706521,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":837},"headData":{"title":"Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy | KQED","description":"Does a shift toward renewable energy sources mean choosing between wind turbines and wildlife? Author William H. Funk weighs in.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy","datePublished":"2014-01-09T15:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2015-09-19T23:48:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"62737 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=62737","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/09/birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy/","disqusTitle":"Birds, Blades, and the Brutal Business of Clean Energy","path":"/quest/62737/birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Migrating annually from northeast Canada down the spine of the southern Appalachians is a very small and genetically unique subpopulation of golden eagles (\u003cstrong>Aquila chrysaetos\u003c/strong>). These raptors are generally thought to inhabit the arid mesas and icy buttes of the American West, but a few thousand spend their winters in upland forests and pastures far to the east. It’s here that these great birds are now facing a formidable and unexpected foe: wind energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/5-Sunset-birds-Jack-Geiser-363x253.jpg\" alt=\"5 Sunset birds Jack Geiser\" width=\"363\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">573,000 birds died as a result of wind turbines in 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wsb.260/abstract\">according to a study\u003c/a> published by The Wildlife Society. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jg_photo_art/10735752396/in/photolist-hmFxaf-gfe2YJ-cUJSEm-9uNWLr-9uS3CG-dsc8p9-8Z84nB-dsc8sJ-dsc8qm-94Sngj-akS4rN-deWLBz-94Snc3-9TGbnD-9TKYdd-fKpJr8-boysAo-fxDnTX-9AmJBh-bTW9jZ-81H342-8EkQAZ-f9tgdm-8DDJLk-7T8zj7-aec6Vx-9uNpun-9ESNdT-8cWCei-d9FaLu-azHjfz-95UV8z-9GuUqx-c5LPA5-b2MWWX-b2MRE4-aaoQJW-dsc3Ti-dsc3UF-8WRBjc-dsccvj-asEfjg-dPYWDJ-9k8Pgj-9Wnp4j-9Wjy2x-9WnoBC-9WnoXS-9Wjy1k-9WjxSM-9WnoQ9/lightbox/\">Jack Geiser\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During their continental migration golden eagles must conserve as much energy as possible. They accomplish this by spending less time hunting and more time gliding, using geographic features like mountain ridges to capture updrafts that buoy them along their way. But eagles are not the only ones seeking to exploit these thermal patterns: wind turbines are often placed along the same breezy ridges that migratory birds and bats depend upon. The result is that wildlife and wind turbines increasingly occupy the same flight path, and that’s bad news for the birds, which can fall victim to the turbines’ 120-foot blades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2013, the Department of Justice successfully prosecuted Duke Energy under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act for the killing of 14 golden eagles at a wind farm in Wyoming. Conveniently for energy corporations like Duke -- and less so for eagles -- in December 2013, the Obama Administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Eagle-deaths-split-wind-farm-debate-5053033.php\">finalized a rule\u003c/a> allowing the incidental “take” of golden and bald eagles by wind farms over a 30-year period of operation, a decision that flies in the face of federal law and drastically heightens the likelihood of further eagle mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65684\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65684\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/2-Golden-b-by-Mark-Jones-380x253.jpg\" alt=\"2 Golden b by Mark Jones\" width=\"380\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A subpopulation of golden eagles migrate annually from northeast Canada down the southern Appalachian Mountains. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/56992548@N07/6266405350/in/photolist-axJXZy-axK2xs-axKbty-9ST75g-fkroiZ-7TrMAh-7E8vNm-iixGB4-88SAQx-8Stx2u-8A4zzs-eYXqPk-fJbX2w-buKaeh-8qfz5n-8pyYXY-gnBS8V-8pzAef-bSD5xa-9Mmiu8-846Cp1-bv4n9r-88vc5k-88vc5c-9jM7U7-eHgQbV-cZ7tN9-8rYY5Q-7GpD58-einChc-fHUpKn-fJbWpf-88vc56-8qjhao-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j\">Mark Jones\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And wind turbines are not the only danger Appalachian golden eagles face during their southern sojourn. Much of the birds’ winter nourishment comes from winter-killed deer that have expired over the long frozen nights. But some of these initial deaths come from animals wounded during the region’s popular deer season, and it is this food source that unfortunately poses an additional and insidious threat to the eagles. When a lead rifle bullet strikes an animal, it fragments into many pieces, sending shrapnel tearing through the target’s organs and soft tissues. This amplifies the weapon’s killing power and leaves a deadly legacy for scavengers feeding on the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether from gut piles left behind from field-dressing kills or from animals that were wounded and died unclaimed, lead bullet fragments left in the wild will likely be consumed by something: a bear, a fox, an eagle -- nature rarely lets nourishment go to waste. Birds are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of lead. Fortunately, there are lead ammunition \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntingwithnonlead.org\">alternatives such as copper\u003c/a> that are now widely available. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/with-condors-on-the-brink-california-considers-a-lead-bullet-ban-for-hunters/\">See this QUEST story\u003c/a> about California’s efforts to protect the California condor from the dangers posed by lead ammunition.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65700\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65700\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/8-golden-strike-by-The-Bird-Group-271x360.jpg\" alt=\"8 golden strike by The Bird Group\" width=\"190\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This photo, courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/researchconservation/aviansafetyresearch.html\">The Bird Group\u003c/a>, allegedly shows a golden eagle killed by a wind turbine collision.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s recent ban on lead hunting ammunition isn’t likely to be duplicated in West Virginia any time soon, but a little care in the placement of wind turbines might be a much more realistic starting point for the long-term protection of these eagles. With climate change manifesting itself more clearly with each passing season, wind energy is making an important contribution toward a more sustainable, clean-burning future. But every technology has its tradeoffs, and quite a long shadow can fall between the idea and the reality, especially when it’s cast by a row of 330-foot-tall rotating turbines. The biologists and policymakers with whom I spoke while reporting this article agree that for renewable energy to be truly sustainable over the long term, it must be undertaken in such a way as to minimize the harmful impacts it can have on the natural environment it’s meant to champion. Renewables are certainly better than fossil fuels, but they are still a form of industry that requires oversight and regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65689\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-65689\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/4-Golden-Released-by-Leon-Roland-cropped-327x253.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy Leon Roland.\" width=\"327\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles in the eastern United States face a threat from lead bullets as well as wind turbines. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rolandlh/4395412731/in/photolist-7GpD58-b6ZzUH-f2A1dz-f2zVYv-bcVQGp-91HJpC-91HMgG-91HKah-7AbJAr-e71g3D-9vFwnM-9n3NUh-9gcWP2-9gg39f-a84t4w-8bzC55-8qfs6g-cHLHJL-dxMA4j-dSnV1y-9tSQ4n-9tSQ1X-bWXaAf-9tVN33-aBCsgt-aBCsgB-aBCsgk-dkw8QL-b56SsP-9zqiYP-fPWWg3-c2pZkQ-gY3ujR-bkofic-dGj6CA-dGj8uN-dGj5Q5-dGdG3i-dGdDWX-dGdDya-dGdGnV-bkoh3g-aooC6j-hSZeVu-eXStM9-9bJxXi-9bJy3a-eYxuVb-eYm6f4-9ztg8C-9zqi4c/\">Leon Roland\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration’s decision to excuse turbines from statutes that protect eagles from other manmade dangers runs counter to legal precedent. Without fear of penalty, there is little reason to expect the wind energy corporations to deliberately site new turbines in areas removed from eagle migratory routes. The broken bodies of these magnificent eagles sprawled beneath the massive revolving blades seem to be the preventable \u003ca href=\"http://birdgroup.org/images/374_IMG_4297.JPG\">casualties\u003c/a> of a new gold rush for federal incentives supporting clean energy, another obstacle on the long, slow road to a sustainable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/62737/birds-blades-and-the-brutal-business-of-clean-energy","authors":["10531"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_339","quest_616","quest_12269","quest_1235","quest_1819","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10427","quest_12549","quest_10363","quest_10303","quest_3165","quest_3166"],"featImg":"quest_65699","label":"quest"},"quest_49766":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_49766","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"49766","score":null,"sort":[1362499233000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple","title":"Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple","publishDate":1362499233,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50302\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/nest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50302\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg\" alt=\"A black-crowned night heron and snowy egret nest together.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that \"Jabby,\" a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and \"Lefty,\" a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at \u003ca href=\"http://www.curiodyssey.org\">CuriOdyssey\u003c/a> (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, this is an \"animal odd couple,\" however, there is nothing odd about it. CuriOdyssey specializes in taking in non-releasable animals from wildlife rehabilitation centers. These animals are deemed non-releaseable due to the extent of their injuries or because they habituated to humans during their recovery, greatly compromising their chances for survival in the wild. Because of this, CuriOdyssey's Walk-Through Aviary contains random numbers of male and female birds of various species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite most of the birds being unmated, Jabby and Lefty have found a solution to this problem. Being the only individuals of their species and wanting to reproduce each spring, Jabby and Lefty have simply paired up!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/lefty-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50001\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg\" alt='\"Lefty,\" the black-crowned night heron at CuriOdyssey.' width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50001\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50311\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/jabby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50311\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg\" alt='\"Jabby,\" the snowy egret at CuriOdyssey' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50311\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The drive for them to reproduce each year is so strong, that it doesn't matter what sex or species they are. Both birds' instincts take over each spring, and courting, nest-building and egg-laying begin. This behavior between different species is not unusual in other aviaries with similar circumstances. Previously at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, a female turquoise tanager (Tangara mexicana) and a female opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia) nested together in the Rainforests of the World exhibit because they too, were the only individuals of their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Jabby and Lefty do not belong to the same genus, their eggs are not fertile. Animals that do belong to the same genus share more genetic material between them, increasing the chances of producing offspring together. Hybrid animals are a result of two parents from the same genus but are different species. A familiar example would be a horse and donkey hybrid- a mule. Offspring from two species, however, are almost always sterile because functioning sex cells in hybrids are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CuriOdyssey has Aviary Aides almost everyday of the week who will happily point out the nest to visitors. Although Jabby and Lefty do not produce chicks, it is exciting to see their unique relationship each spring.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that \"Jabby,\" a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and \"Lefty,\" a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at CuriOdyssey (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1364327012,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":393},"headData":{"title":"Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple | KQED","description":"As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that "Jabby," a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and "Lefty," a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at CuriOdyssey (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple","datePublished":"2013-03-05T16:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2013-03-26T19:43:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"49766 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49766","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/","disqusTitle":"Two Species, One Nest: CuriOdyssey's Animal Odd Couple","path":"/quest/49766/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50302\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/nest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50302\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg\" alt=\"A black-crowned night heron and snowy egret nest together.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/nest-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As spring approaches, an egret and a heron have been hard at work preparing for their future brood...together. This will mark the sixth year that \"Jabby,\" a snowy egret (Egretta thula), and \"Lefty,\" a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) have nested as a pair at \u003ca href=\"http://www.curiodyssey.org\">CuriOdyssey\u003c/a> (formerly Coyote Point Museum) in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, this is an \"animal odd couple,\" however, there is nothing odd about it. CuriOdyssey specializes in taking in non-releasable animals from wildlife rehabilitation centers. These animals are deemed non-releaseable due to the extent of their injuries or because they habituated to humans during their recovery, greatly compromising their chances for survival in the wild. Because of this, CuriOdyssey's Walk-Through Aviary contains random numbers of male and female birds of various species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite most of the birds being unmated, Jabby and Lefty have found a solution to this problem. Being the only individuals of their species and wanting to reproduce each spring, Jabby and Lefty have simply paired up!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/lefty-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50001\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg\" alt='\"Lefty,\" the black-crowned night heron at CuriOdyssey.' width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50001\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/lefty-1-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50311\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/05/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple/jabby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50311\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg\" alt='\"Jabby,\" the snowy egret at CuriOdyssey' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50311\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/jabby-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The drive for them to reproduce each year is so strong, that it doesn't matter what sex or species they are. Both birds' instincts take over each spring, and courting, nest-building and egg-laying begin. This behavior between different species is not unusual in other aviaries with similar circumstances. Previously at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, a female turquoise tanager (Tangara mexicana) and a female opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia) nested together in the Rainforests of the World exhibit because they too, were the only individuals of their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Jabby and Lefty do not belong to the same genus, their eggs are not fertile. Animals that do belong to the same genus share more genetic material between them, increasing the chances of producing offspring together. Hybrid animals are a result of two parents from the same genus but are different species. A familiar example would be a horse and donkey hybrid- a mule. Offspring from two species, however, are almost always sterile because functioning sex cells in hybrids are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CuriOdyssey has Aviary Aides almost everyday of the week who will happily point out the nest to visitors. Although Jabby and Lefty do not produce chicks, it is exciting to see their unique relationship each spring.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49766/two-species-one-nest-curiodysseys-animal-odd-couple","authors":["6409"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_339","quest_11734","quest_11735","quest_3307","quest_11736","quest_13202","quest_2401","quest_3385"],"featImg":"quest_50302","label":"quest"},"quest_19174":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19174","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19174","score":null,"sort":[1297105351000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species","title":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species","publishDate":1297105351,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Nevill_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Peregrine Falcon. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead. It is nesting season, and raptors will nest in trees, on cliffs and, in our urban environment, on the ledges of tall buildings. But the shared history of humans and raptors is far older than the concept of urban wildlife. Humans have been practicing falconry—caring for and hunting with raptors—for close to 4000 years.\u003c!--more--> This week’s Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, is about a falcon named Bella, a retired falconry bird who now lives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/view_homepage.asp?orgkey=1859\">San Francisco Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In falconry, a human cares for a bird of prey, and trains it to hunt. The bird hunts on behalf of the human. This relationship has created some controversy, but first, a bit more about how falconry works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the practice of falconry, I spoke to my friend Rikki Shackleford, an apprentice falconer. Rikki got interested in falconry when he was working at an environmental education school. The school was caring for a \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/104?task=view\">Red-tailed Hawk\u003c/a> that had been hit by a car. Unsure of how to care for the bird, Rikki contacted a local falconer. Rikki got hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falconry is tightly regulated at both the state and federal level. To own a bird, you need a license, and you need to apprentice with an experienced falconer for two years. Once you’ve completed your apprenticeship, you can get a general license and own up to three birds, of almost any species. With a master license, you can own up to 5 birds. After you’ve had a master license for 7 years, you can own an eagle. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhawkingclub.org/\">California Hawking Club\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.n-a-f-a.com/\">North American Falconers Association\u003c/a> have more information about the licensing and practice of falconry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Red-tailed_Hawk_Wolf.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Red-tailed Hawk. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/1465945093/\">Ron Wolf\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki has a Red-tailed Hawk, named Nut, which he trapped in the wild last year. There are strict rules about how and when falconers can catch birds. Only passage birds—sexually immature birds less than a year old and on their first migration— can be caught. And falconers can only catch certain species. Many species, including endangered birds, are off-limits. However, falconers can get rare birds, like Peregrine Falcons, from captive breeding programs. Rikki intends to free Nut when she is three years old, when she’s old enough to breed. Because she was caught in the wild, and learned to hunt on her own before she hunted with Rikki, he can return her to the wild. Birds from captive breeding programs cannot be released. When captive-bred birds get old and can no longer hunt effectively, they can go back into captive breeding programs, or be cared for a by a zoo, like Bella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki flies Nut every day at a local park, and she hunts a few times a week. Each time Nut catches prey, she brings it back to Rikki. He rewards her with food—most of the time, prey that she has previously caught. The idea that the raptor is hunting for the human is controversial—anyone who is against hunting would probably be against falconry. And the concept that a wild animal is kept in captivity can definitely ruffle some feathers. Rikki counters these arguments: Nut would hunt without him, he says, and would probably hunt more often, because she can’t store the leftovers in the freezer. And Rikki contends that his relationship with Nut is the same as any relationship a human has with an animal—a dog, a cat, a horse—it’s just a little less common. However, Red-tailed Hawks haven’t been domesticated for generations like dogs and cats; Nut was born wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Bridge_Nevill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A Peregrine Falcon named Gracie flies by the Bay Bridge. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many objections to the practice of falconry, the \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/103?task=view\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> has falconers to thank for its continued existence. Peregrine Falcons were on the edge of extinction in the 1970s, because the pesticide \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT\">DDT\u003c/a> made their eggshells perilously thin. However, falconers had healthy Peregrine Falcons in captive breeding programs; offspring from these captive-bred falcons were carefully raised without human contact and were introduced to the wild. Because of these efforts and the ban of DDT, Peregrine Falcons were removed from the Endangered Species List in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about falcons in the Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, and the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/467\">Falcon Fascination\u003c/a>. Also, check out the falcon \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">Nest Cam\u003c/a> at San Jose City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead - it is nesting season.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1366753715,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":792},"headData":{"title":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species | KQED","description":"This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead - it is nesting season.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species","datePublished":"2011-02-07T19:02:31.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-23T21:48:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19174 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=12077","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/07/falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species/","disqusTitle":"Falconry Ruffles Feathers and Saves a Species","path":"/quest/19174/falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Nevill_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Peregrine Falcon. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead. It is nesting season, and raptors will nest in trees, on cliffs and, in our urban environment, on the ledges of tall buildings. But the shared history of humans and raptors is far older than the concept of urban wildlife. Humans have been practicing falconry—caring for and hunting with raptors—for close to 4000 years.\u003c!--more--> This week’s Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, is about a falcon named Bella, a retired falconry bird who now lives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/view_homepage.asp?orgkey=1859\">San Francisco Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In falconry, a human cares for a bird of prey, and trains it to hunt. The bird hunts on behalf of the human. This relationship has created some controversy, but first, a bit more about how falconry works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the practice of falconry, I spoke to my friend Rikki Shackleford, an apprentice falconer. Rikki got interested in falconry when he was working at an environmental education school. The school was caring for a \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/104?task=view\">Red-tailed Hawk\u003c/a> that had been hit by a car. Unsure of how to care for the bird, Rikki contacted a local falconer. Rikki got hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falconry is tightly regulated at both the state and federal level. To own a bird, you need a license, and you need to apprentice with an experienced falconer for two years. Once you’ve completed your apprenticeship, you can get a general license and own up to three birds, of almost any species. With a master license, you can own up to 5 birds. After you’ve had a master license for 7 years, you can own an eagle. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhawkingclub.org/\">California Hawking Club\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.n-a-f-a.com/\">North American Falconers Association\u003c/a> have more information about the licensing and practice of falconry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Red-tailed_Hawk_Wolf.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Red-tailed Hawk. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/1465945093/\">Ron Wolf\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki has a Red-tailed Hawk, named Nut, which he trapped in the wild last year. There are strict rules about how and when falconers can catch birds. Only passage birds—sexually immature birds less than a year old and on their first migration— can be caught. And falconers can only catch certain species. Many species, including endangered birds, are off-limits. However, falconers can get rare birds, like Peregrine Falcons, from captive breeding programs. Rikki intends to free Nut when she is three years old, when she’s old enough to breed. Because she was caught in the wild, and learned to hunt on her own before she hunted with Rikki, he can return her to the wild. Birds from captive breeding programs cannot be released. When captive-bred birds get old and can no longer hunt effectively, they can go back into captive breeding programs, or be cared for a by a zoo, like Bella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki flies Nut every day at a local park, and she hunts a few times a week. Each time Nut catches prey, she brings it back to Rikki. He rewards her with food—most of the time, prey that she has previously caught. The idea that the raptor is hunting for the human is controversial—anyone who is against hunting would probably be against falconry. And the concept that a wild animal is kept in captivity can definitely ruffle some feathers. Rikki counters these arguments: Nut would hunt without him, he says, and would probably hunt more often, because she can’t store the leftovers in the freezer. And Rikki contends that his relationship with Nut is the same as any relationship a human has with an animal—a dog, a cat, a horse—it’s just a little less common. However, Red-tailed Hawks haven’t been domesticated for generations like dogs and cats; Nut was born wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Bridge_Nevill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A Peregrine Falcon named Gracie flies by the Bay Bridge. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many objections to the practice of falconry, the \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/103?task=view\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> has falconers to thank for its continued existence. Peregrine Falcons were on the edge of extinction in the 1970s, because the pesticide \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT\">DDT\u003c/a> made their eggshells perilously thin. However, falconers had healthy Peregrine Falcons in captive breeding programs; offspring from these captive-bred falcons were carefully raised without human contact and were introduced to the wild. Because of these efforts and the ban of DDT, Peregrine Falcons were removed from the Endangered Species List in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about falcons in the Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, and the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/467\">Falcon Fascination\u003c/a>. Also, check out the falcon \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">Nest Cam\u003c/a> at San Jose City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19174/falconry-ruffles-feathers-and-saves-a-species","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_326","quest_339","quest_340","quest_684","quest_3541","quest_1061","quest_3571","quest_1062","quest_1419","quest_3698","quest_3699","quest_2167","quest_2370","quest_2371"],"featImg":"quest_12079","label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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