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It's California cousin, Ursus horribilis californicus, is long extinct. (Photo: Charlesjsharp)","credit":null,"description":"Grizzly bear","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-400x225.jpg","width":400,"height":225,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"lizagross":{"type":"authors","id":"6322","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"6322","found":true},"name":"Liza Gross","firstName":"Liza","lastName":"Gross","slug":"lizagross","email":"lizagross@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Liza Gross, an award-winning independent journalist and senior editor at the biomedical journal PLOS Biology, writes mostly about conservation and public and environmental health. She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Liza Gross | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lizagross"},"amy-gotliffe":{"type":"authors","id":"10178","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"10178","found":true},"name":"Amy Gotliffe","firstName":"Amy","lastName":"Gotliffe","slug":"amy-gotliffe","email":"amy@oaklandzoo.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Amy Gotliffe is Conservation Manager at the Oakland Zoo. She is a Detroit transplant, enjoying the good Bay Area life for 17 years. She has a degree in communications, holds several teaching credentials and has a Masters Degree in Environmental Education. She has worked at various Bay Area educational and environmental institutions, teaching second grade, working on campaigns, planting pollinator gardens, producing earth day events and generally spreading the word about wildlife and green living. She currently works at The Oakland Zoo where she serves as the Conservation Manager. There, she coordinates support for international, national and local conservation efforts, produces a Conservation Speaker Series, produces the zoo's Earth Day event, leads eco-trips, teaches the various educational programs and heads up an on-site Green Team. On her list of other passions are travel, photography, music and the lindy hop. :-)","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52537bc1e3bad411da5ff14ef51ef9ff?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Amy Gotliffe | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52537bc1e3bad411da5ff14ef51ef9ff?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/52537bc1e3bad411da5ff14ef51ef9ff?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amy-gotliffe"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_35561":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_35561","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"35561","score":null,"sort":[1334786837000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams","title":"Salmon Runs, Grizzly Bear Dreams ","publishDate":1334786837,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"term":3358,"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35562\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/grizzly_bear640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35562\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Grizzly_bear \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-35562\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grizzly bear in British Columbia. Its California cousin, Ursus horribilis californicus, is long extinct. (Photo: Charlesjsharp)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, California’s beleaguered salmon fishing industry finally got a break. After the catastrophic collapse of Central Valley’s fall Chinook run in 2008-2009, hundreds of thousands of fish may be on their way back to Sacramento riverbeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a forecast of 820,000 Chinook now at sea, commercial salmon boats, rendered irrelevant for two straight seasons and set loose for just eight days in 2010, can return to business as usual this summer. And though the apparent rebound is good news for salmon, the fall Chinook’s future is far from secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disheartening run of 2008 followed a lean spawning year (which biologists call “escapement,” after the number of fish that elude fishermen to reproduce), with just under 88,000 survivors returning to streams or hatcheries in 2007. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has four seasonal salmon runs, each with distinct behavioral and genetic traits. Conservation biologists like to compare genetic diversity to a diversified stock portfolio. More diversity means a better chance of weathering tough times. (See, for example, \"Irish potato famine.\") And while the National Marine Fisheries Service cited poor ocean conditions as the “proximate cause” for the dismal runs (because freshwater habitat, though degraded, was no worse than usual), the agency also noted several other factors, including heavy reliance on hatchery fish, which homogenized the fall Chinook’s historically diverse genetic portfolio. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fall Chinook once thrived in every major river in the Central Valley. Biologists suspect the runs rivaled the storied San Joaquin spring runs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjrdotmdl.org/concept_model/phys-chem_model/documents/300001740.pdf\">Documents from 1870 unearthed by historian Paul Vandor\u003c/a> described salmon returning in “such shoals” that “restful sleep was disturbed because myriads of them can be heard nightly splashing over the sand bars in the river opposite town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35567\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/chinook/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35567\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/chinook-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"chinook\" title=\"chinook\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35567\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook Salmon on the Lower Stanislaus River. (Photo: USFWS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spring run Chinook are long gone from the San Joaquin watershed. Just 3,802 fish made the Sacramento run in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific fisheries managers monitor Chinook take to allow 122,000-180,000 fish to escape capture and swim upriver. In 2008, just 66,000 fish made it back. Fewer than 40,000 returned in 2009 (close to 54,000 counting hatchery fish), the worst run on record. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The runs in 2010 barely made it above the minimum target, with close to 40,000 returning to hatcheries and about 86,000 returning to wild streams.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This season’s good news notwithstanding, the grim returns of the past few years didn’t affect just fishermen and salmon consumers. Biologists have long known that ecosystems suffer when managers value economics over ecosystems and allow overfishing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cutting back on harvests to let more salmon spawn in rivers and creeks will not only help safeguard their ecological role, argues a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HIs8gx\">study published last week in PLoS Biology\u003c/a>, but will help commercial fishers and consumers by ensuring a future for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When salmon thrive, so does everything else, says Taal Levi, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, who led the study. “Abundance matters in ecosystems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study supports a growing literature linking abundant salmon to positive ecological effects, Levi says. “It suggests we should be letting more salmon into rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/griz-with-salmon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35572\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/griz-with-salmon-250x253.png\" alt=\"grizzly with salmon\" title=\"grizzly with salmon\" width=\"250\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35572\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Letting more salmon return to coastal streams to spawn will benefit bears, ecosystems, and eventually the offshore salmon catch. (Photo: Jennifer Allen)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are the ultimate mobile nutrient-delivery system. They spread the wealth wherever they go, from streams to sea and back again. Healthy salmon runs boost primary productivity in coastal lakes (by providing nutrients for algae), fuel vegetative growth along streams, creating better habitat for salmon hatchlings and leading to higher densities of \u003ca href=\"http://www.springerlink.com/content/u4183m54576wq127/fulltext.html\">diverse insects\u003c/a> and songbirds. They also feed all manner of predators and scavengers, from orcas to raptors and—in the places they still exist—grizzly bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of salmon once injected massive seasonal pulses of nutrients from the sea to Pacific coastal and riparian ecosystems. Commercial harvests deprive ecosystems of this historic recharge. But restricting harvests cuts into fishery profits. Levi and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HAGkMV\">developed a model\u003c/a> to help fishery managers weigh the costs and benefits to commercial fishers and ecosystems of allowing more spawning, using grizzly bears as a proxy for salmon’s ecosystem benefits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/IkmX7A\">spawning and dead salmon are the single most important fall resource\u003c/a> to grizzlies preparing for hibernation and cub-rearing on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. In this study, the authors show that grizzlies are good indicators of salmon’s ecosystem services because bear densities are so closely tied to salmon abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors used fishing records to model increased escapement across various management options for six sockeye salmon stocks in Alaska and British Columbia to determine how bear numbers and income from fishing change with the number of fish harvested. For each stock, more spawning meant more bears. And for sockeye stocks that breed in streams alongside other salmon species, both long-term fishing yields and bears benefited from higher escapement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation and economic interests conflicted only where grizzlies are threatened and eat primarily sockeye, because reducing harvests would cut into profits. But the tradeoffs would be clear, and managers could estimate the costs of protecting salmon runs and endangered bears. It’s conceivable that managers could even find ways to help fisheries recoup their losses in the name of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fishing industry in California doesn’t dominate the state economy as it does in Alaska. But Levi argues that having more salmon in streams would also have economic benefits from better wildlife viewing opportunities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased salmon abundance would surely help California’s bald eagles. “We don’t have abundant bald eagle populations anymore but we have a nesting pair at Pinto Lake in Watsonville,” Levi says. (There’s another pair in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sequoia-audubon.org/\">San Mateo\u003c/a> now.) More salmon would be a boon to the state’s recovering eagle population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More salmon would also increase black bear populations, he says, which is good for both hunters and wildlife observers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black bears often move in when grizzlies go extinct, serving a similar ecological role. In fact, biologists say, black bears eat more salmon than grizzlies because they’re more widely distributed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s no reason that restoring California’s salmon runs couldn’t go hand in hand with restoring the state’s grizzly population, Levi says: California and Oregon have millions of acres of contiguous protected land, more than enough to support grizzlies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, grizzlies survived on only 4 million acres in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, he points out. Protected areas in six national forests from Klamath to Mendocino provide nearly 9 million acres of contiguous habitat, not counting available habitat along the coast range from Humboldt down to Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35652\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/salmon_grizz-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35652\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/salmon_grizz1-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzly bear\" title=\"Grizzly bear\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-35652\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzly bear (Photo: Eric Sambol/www.raincoast.org)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grizzlies once inhabited nearly every part of the state. In the 1800s, there were so many in the Santa Cruz Mountains where Levi lives that a Spanish missionary said they prowled about “in herds like hogs on a farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as late as the 1850s, grizzlies roamed San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties. By the 1870s, they were gone because, as legendary naturalist Joseph Grinnell wrote, “Great numbers of people…have been alert to seize any and every opportunity to \u003cem>kill\u003c/em> bears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi admits the prospect for reintroducing grizzlies could be “politically insurmountable,” but adds wistfully, “this would be ambitious wildlife conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not at all crazy to think that grizzlies could have a viable population in California,\" he says. \"The question is just whether we want them back.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Using grizzly bears in the Pacific Northwest as a proxy for the benefits salmon deliver to ecological communities, a new study argues that letting more salmon migrate into coastal streams will lead to downstream improvements for the ecosystem and eventually the offshore salmon catch. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1335901292,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1318},"headData":{"title":"Salmon Runs, Grizzly Bear Dreams | KQED","description":"Using grizzly bears in the Pacific Northwest as a proxy for the benefits salmon deliver to ecological communities, a new study argues that letting more salmon migrate into coastal streams will lead to downstream improvements for the ecosystem and eventually the offshore salmon catch. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"35561 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=35561","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/","disqusTitle":"Salmon Runs, Grizzly Bear Dreams ","path":"/quest/35561/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35562\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/grizzly_bear640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35562\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/Grizzly_bear640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Grizzly_bear \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-35562\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grizzly bear in British Columbia. Its California cousin, Ursus horribilis californicus, is long extinct. (Photo: Charlesjsharp)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, California’s beleaguered salmon fishing industry finally got a break. After the catastrophic collapse of Central Valley’s fall Chinook run in 2008-2009, hundreds of thousands of fish may be on their way back to Sacramento riverbeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a forecast of 820,000 Chinook now at sea, commercial salmon boats, rendered irrelevant for two straight seasons and set loose for just eight days in 2010, can return to business as usual this summer. And though the apparent rebound is good news for salmon, the fall Chinook’s future is far from secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disheartening run of 2008 followed a lean spawning year (which biologists call “escapement,” after the number of fish that elude fishermen to reproduce), with just under 88,000 survivors returning to streams or hatcheries in 2007. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has four seasonal salmon runs, each with distinct behavioral and genetic traits. Conservation biologists like to compare genetic diversity to a diversified stock portfolio. More diversity means a better chance of weathering tough times. (See, for example, \"Irish potato famine.\") And while the National Marine Fisheries Service cited poor ocean conditions as the “proximate cause” for the dismal runs (because freshwater habitat, though degraded, was no worse than usual), the agency also noted several other factors, including heavy reliance on hatchery fish, which homogenized the fall Chinook’s historically diverse genetic portfolio. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fall Chinook once thrived in every major river in the Central Valley. Biologists suspect the runs rivaled the storied San Joaquin spring runs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjrdotmdl.org/concept_model/phys-chem_model/documents/300001740.pdf\">Documents from 1870 unearthed by historian Paul Vandor\u003c/a> described salmon returning in “such shoals” that “restful sleep was disturbed because myriads of them can be heard nightly splashing over the sand bars in the river opposite town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35567\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/chinook/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35567\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/chinook-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"chinook\" title=\"chinook\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35567\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook Salmon on the Lower Stanislaus River. (Photo: USFWS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spring run Chinook are long gone from the San Joaquin watershed. Just 3,802 fish made the Sacramento run in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific fisheries managers monitor Chinook take to allow 122,000-180,000 fish to escape capture and swim upriver. In 2008, just 66,000 fish made it back. Fewer than 40,000 returned in 2009 (close to 54,000 counting hatchery fish), the worst run on record. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The runs in 2010 barely made it above the minimum target, with close to 40,000 returning to hatcheries and about 86,000 returning to wild streams.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This season’s good news notwithstanding, the grim returns of the past few years didn’t affect just fishermen and salmon consumers. Biologists have long known that ecosystems suffer when managers value economics over ecosystems and allow overfishing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cutting back on harvests to let more salmon spawn in rivers and creeks will not only help safeguard their ecological role, argues a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HIs8gx\">study published last week in PLoS Biology\u003c/a>, but will help commercial fishers and consumers by ensuring a future for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When salmon thrive, so does everything else, says Taal Levi, a PhD candidate in environmental studies at UC Santa Cruz, who led the study. “Abundance matters in ecosystems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study supports a growing literature linking abundant salmon to positive ecological effects, Levi says. “It suggests we should be letting more salmon into rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/griz-with-salmon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35572\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/griz-with-salmon-250x253.png\" alt=\"grizzly with salmon\" title=\"grizzly with salmon\" width=\"250\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35572\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Letting more salmon return to coastal streams to spawn will benefit bears, ecosystems, and eventually the offshore salmon catch. (Photo: Jennifer Allen)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salmon are the ultimate mobile nutrient-delivery system. They spread the wealth wherever they go, from streams to sea and back again. Healthy salmon runs boost primary productivity in coastal lakes (by providing nutrients for algae), fuel vegetative growth along streams, creating better habitat for salmon hatchlings and leading to higher densities of \u003ca href=\"http://www.springerlink.com/content/u4183m54576wq127/fulltext.html\">diverse insects\u003c/a> and songbirds. They also feed all manner of predators and scavengers, from orcas to raptors and—in the places they still exist—grizzly bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of salmon once injected massive seasonal pulses of nutrients from the sea to Pacific coastal and riparian ecosystems. Commercial harvests deprive ecosystems of this historic recharge. But restricting harvests cuts into fishery profits. Levi and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/HAGkMV\">developed a model\u003c/a> to help fishery managers weigh the costs and benefits to commercial fishers and ecosystems of allowing more spawning, using grizzly bears as a proxy for salmon’s ecosystem benefits. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/IkmX7A\">spawning and dead salmon are the single most important fall resource\u003c/a> to grizzlies preparing for hibernation and cub-rearing on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. In this study, the authors show that grizzlies are good indicators of salmon’s ecosystem services because bear densities are so closely tied to salmon abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors used fishing records to model increased escapement across various management options for six sockeye salmon stocks in Alaska and British Columbia to determine how bear numbers and income from fishing change with the number of fish harvested. For each stock, more spawning meant more bears. And for sockeye stocks that breed in streams alongside other salmon species, both long-term fishing yields and bears benefited from higher escapement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation and economic interests conflicted only where grizzlies are threatened and eat primarily sockeye, because reducing harvests would cut into profits. But the tradeoffs would be clear, and managers could estimate the costs of protecting salmon runs and endangered bears. It’s conceivable that managers could even find ways to help fisheries recoup their losses in the name of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fishing industry in California doesn’t dominate the state economy as it does in Alaska. But Levi argues that having more salmon in streams would also have economic benefits from better wildlife viewing opportunities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased salmon abundance would surely help California’s bald eagles. “We don’t have abundant bald eagle populations anymore but we have a nesting pair at Pinto Lake in Watsonville,” Levi says. (There’s another pair in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sequoia-audubon.org/\">San Mateo\u003c/a> now.) More salmon would be a boon to the state’s recovering eagle population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More salmon would also increase black bear populations, he says, which is good for both hunters and wildlife observers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black bears often move in when grizzlies go extinct, serving a similar ecological role. In fact, biologists say, black bears eat more salmon than grizzlies because they’re more widely distributed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s no reason that restoring California’s salmon runs couldn’t go hand in hand with restoring the state’s grizzly population, Levi says: California and Oregon have millions of acres of contiguous protected land, more than enough to support grizzlies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1970s, grizzlies survived on only 4 million acres in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, he points out. Protected areas in six national forests from Klamath to Mendocino provide nearly 9 million acres of contiguous habitat, not counting available habitat along the coast range from Humboldt down to Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35652\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/04/18/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams/salmon_grizz-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-35652\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/04/salmon_grizz1-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"Grizzly bear\" title=\"Grizzly bear\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-35652\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grizzly bear (Photo: Eric Sambol/www.raincoast.org)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grizzlies once inhabited nearly every part of the state. In the 1800s, there were so many in the Santa Cruz Mountains where Levi lives that a Spanish missionary said they prowled about “in herds like hogs on a farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as late as the 1850s, grizzlies roamed San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties. By the 1870s, they were gone because, as legendary naturalist Joseph Grinnell wrote, “Great numbers of people…have been alert to seize any and every opportunity to \u003cem>kill\u003c/em> bears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi admits the prospect for reintroducing grizzlies could be “politically insurmountable,” but adds wistfully, “this would be ambitious wildlife conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not at all crazy to think that grizzlies could have a viable population in California,\" he says. \"The question is just whether we want them back.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/35561/salmon-runs-grizzly-dreams","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_295","quest_20","quest_684","quest_921","quest_13198","quest_11001","quest_13202","quest_2477"],"collections":["quest_3358"],"featImg":"quest_35562","label":"quest_3358"},"quest_4534":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_4534","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"4534","score":null,"sort":[1260397328000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"working-dogs-for-conservation","title":"Working Dogs for Conservation","publishDate":1260397328,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/fun-035.jpg\">\u003cem>Pepin is famous for going to work after just 9 weeks of training, finding 52 scats in a single day.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>With unemployment at an all time low, it seems controversial that some very solid jobs are going to non-humans, but there are just some things that humans will never be qualified to do. Unfair, you say? Well, let’s run down the list of job requirements for this specific position and if you can find a human that qualifies, reply at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This candidate must:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Follow orders\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be rough, energetic and adventurous\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Travel around the world\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Find things that are nearly impossible to see\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be willing to ride in the back of a truck and wear a collar\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Run long distances\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be a fast learner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be obsessed with toys\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be willing to sniff poop\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get compensated in rope-tugging with benefits such as scratches and belly rubs\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Come from a background of animal shelter living\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Yes, the only qualified species is: \u003cstrong>Dog\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Job: Working Dog for Conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw these dogs in action at the Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN) Expo in San Francisco in October. The organization, \u003ca href=\"http://www.workingdogsforconservation.org/\">Working Dogs for Conservation\u003c/a> and their dog demo with Pepin took center stage during lunch. While Pepin was inside the building schmoozing with the likes of Dr. Jane Goodall, her trainers hid scat in a giant, wide open field area. Once the crowd gathered, Pepin was taken outside, given directions and once released, blasted with determination and blatant glee out into the field. Within 3 minutes she had located the scat and sat proudly next to it, indicating to her trainer that she had done her job; a job that would have taken a human hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to find scat helps humans track down various species in the wild and provides needed species conservation information. Deployed conservation dogs have increased scat sample collection rates and have discovered samples that are smaller and more cryptic than people alone are capable of detecting. The working dogs for conservation have found scat of moose, snow leopard, grizzly bear, wolf and cougar, to name a few. The dogs have also been trained to find plants and lost pets and people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partnering with dogs is nothing new. Humans have been using the \u003ca href=\"http://dogs.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_tracking_dogs_nose\">220 million scent-sensitive cells available for canine olfaction\u003c/a> for centuries. These animals are truly man's best friend, but perhaps they are becoming nature's best friend, as well. They certainly deserve to hold this most unusual job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With unemployment at an all time low, it seems controversial that some very solid jobs are going to non-humans, but there are just some things that humans will never be qualified to do.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1260397328,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":423},"headData":{"title":"Working Dogs for Conservation | KQED","description":"With unemployment at an all time low, it seems controversial that some very solid jobs are going to non-humans, but there are just some things that humans will never be qualified to do.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"4534 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=4534","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/12/09/working-dogs-for-conservation/","disqusTitle":"Working Dogs for Conservation","path":"/quest/4534/working-dogs-for-conservation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/12/fun-035.jpg\">\u003cem>Pepin is famous for going to work after just 9 weeks of training, finding 52 scats in a single day.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>With unemployment at an all time low, it seems controversial that some very solid jobs are going to non-humans, but there are just some things that humans will never be qualified to do. Unfair, you say? Well, let’s run down the list of job requirements for this specific position and if you can find a human that qualifies, reply at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This candidate must:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Follow orders\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be rough, energetic and adventurous\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Travel around the world\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Find things that are nearly impossible to see\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be willing to ride in the back of a truck and wear a collar\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Run long distances\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be a fast learner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be obsessed with toys\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be willing to sniff poop\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get compensated in rope-tugging with benefits such as scratches and belly rubs\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Come from a background of animal shelter living\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Yes, the only qualified species is: \u003cstrong>Dog\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Job: Working Dog for Conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw these dogs in action at the Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN) Expo in San Francisco in October. The organization, \u003ca href=\"http://www.workingdogsforconservation.org/\">Working Dogs for Conservation\u003c/a> and their dog demo with Pepin took center stage during lunch. While Pepin was inside the building schmoozing with the likes of Dr. Jane Goodall, her trainers hid scat in a giant, wide open field area. Once the crowd gathered, Pepin was taken outside, given directions and once released, blasted with determination and blatant glee out into the field. Within 3 minutes she had located the scat and sat proudly next to it, indicating to her trainer that she had done her job; a job that would have taken a human hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to find scat helps humans track down various species in the wild and provides needed species conservation information. Deployed conservation dogs have increased scat sample collection rates and have discovered samples that are smaller and more cryptic than people alone are capable of detecting. The working dogs for conservation have found scat of moose, snow leopard, grizzly bear, wolf and cougar, to name a few. The dogs have also been trained to find plants and lost pets and people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partnering with dogs is nothing new. Humans have been using the \u003ca href=\"http://dogs.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_tracking_dogs_nose\">220 million scent-sensitive cells available for canine olfaction\u003c/a> for centuries. These animals are truly man's best friend, but perhaps they are becoming nature's best friend, as well. They certainly deserve to hold this most unusual job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/4534/working-dogs-for-conservation","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_295","quest_477","quest_684","quest_709","quest_857","quest_1879","quest_2008","quest_2061","quest_2170","quest_2522","quest_2666","quest_3155"],"label":"quest"},"quest_579":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_579","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"579","score":null,"sort":[1210192399000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mittens-for-bears-and-other-tales","title":"Mittens for Bears and Other Tales","publishDate":1210192399,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do Moon Bears need you to knit?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/05/bearmitten-robbie.jpg\">\u003c/span>Once upon a time in the far away land of Hong Kong, a woman named Jill Robinson discovered that beautiful moon bears where being held captive in tiny cages in China and farmed (through their bellies) as a living source for bear bile, which is used in traditional medicines. She decided to do something heroic about the issue and founded the \u003ca href=\"http://www.animalsasia.org\">Animals Asia Foundation\u003c/a>. Animals Asia became a thriving organization, dedicated to ending cruelty and restoring respect for all animals in Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many moon bears, their stories have a happy ending. Jill and the AAF crew have rescued 500 bears, releasing them into their idyllic sanctuary in Chengdu China. Newly rescued moon bears tentatively step on fresh grass, slowly learn to climb, socialize, scamper through bamboo, wrestle and eat honey, finally becoming a real bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the bears can't go from cages to sanctuary directly; they must endure urgent veterinary care and often surgery to remove the bile equipment from their bodies. Bears must be anaesthetized to receive this care and it is important that they stay warm and comfortable during the process. Just as with humans, the bears' extremities are the first things to get cold and that is where knitters on the West Coast of the United States, worlds away, come in. They must knit giant bear mittens!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/05/bearmittens2.jpg\">\u003c/span>The Oakland Zoo is hoping to have some mittens knitted in order to hand them directly to Jill Robinson on May 21, when she speaks at the Oakland Zoo. We will have a knitting party at the zoo on Friday, May 9, from 1pm-3pm. However, mittens can be turned in to the Oakland Zoo at anytime and mailed to China in the hopes that the thousands of moon bears still in captivity will need them soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mitten pattern allows for several weights of yarn and includes instructions for knitting in the round with one circular, two circulars, double-pointed needles, or knitting flat. Finished mittens are about 7\" wide (14\" circumference) with a 12\" foot and 6\" cuff. The pattern is intended to be beginner level, but if you have any questions about the techniques mentioned, you might find the website \u003ca href=\"http://knittinghelp.com\">knittinghelp.com\u003c/a> helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click here for the pattern and try it yourself:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/BearBooties.pdf\" title=\"bearbooties.pdf\">bearbooties.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Zoo will be working with Article Pract in Oakland on more mittens for bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out more about Moon Bears and their plight, and meet Jill Robinson on Wednesday, May 21 at 6:30 for the lecture entitle, \"From Prison to Paradise: Rescuing the Endangered Asian Moon Bear. Bring the family to Bear Day at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> on Saturday, May 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some of this information is thanks to Twisted, the Knit Shop in Oregon who is helping the Oregon zoo knit mittens.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1210192399,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":488},"headData":{"title":"Mittens for Bears and Other Tales | KQED","description":"Why do Moon Bears need you to knit? Once upon a time in the far away land of Hong Kong, a woman named Jill Robinson discovered that beautiful moon bears where being held captive in tiny cages in China and farmed (through their bellies) as a living source for bear bile, which is used in","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"579 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2008/05/07/mittens-for-bears-and-other-tales/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/05/07/mittens-for-bears-and-other-tales/","disqusTitle":"Mittens for Bears and Other Tales","path":"/quest/579/mittens-for-bears-and-other-tales","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do Moon Bears need you to knit?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/05/bearmitten-robbie.jpg\">\u003c/span>Once upon a time in the far away land of Hong Kong, a woman named Jill Robinson discovered that beautiful moon bears where being held captive in tiny cages in China and farmed (through their bellies) as a living source for bear bile, which is used in traditional medicines. She decided to do something heroic about the issue and founded the \u003ca href=\"http://www.animalsasia.org\">Animals Asia Foundation\u003c/a>. Animals Asia became a thriving organization, dedicated to ending cruelty and restoring respect for all animals in Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many moon bears, their stories have a happy ending. Jill and the AAF crew have rescued 500 bears, releasing them into their idyllic sanctuary in Chengdu China. Newly rescued moon bears tentatively step on fresh grass, slowly learn to climb, socialize, scamper through bamboo, wrestle and eat honey, finally becoming a real bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the bears can't go from cages to sanctuary directly; they must endure urgent veterinary care and often surgery to remove the bile equipment from their bodies. Bears must be anaesthetized to receive this care and it is important that they stay warm and comfortable during the process. Just as with humans, the bears' extremities are the first things to get cold and that is where knitters on the West Coast of the United States, worlds away, come in. They must knit giant bear mittens!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/05/bearmittens2.jpg\">\u003c/span>The Oakland Zoo is hoping to have some mittens knitted in order to hand them directly to Jill Robinson on May 21, when she speaks at the Oakland Zoo. We will have a knitting party at the zoo on Friday, May 9, from 1pm-3pm. However, mittens can be turned in to the Oakland Zoo at anytime and mailed to China in the hopes that the thousands of moon bears still in captivity will need them soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mitten pattern allows for several weights of yarn and includes instructions for knitting in the round with one circular, two circulars, double-pointed needles, or knitting flat. Finished mittens are about 7\" wide (14\" circumference) with a 12\" foot and 6\" cuff. The pattern is intended to be beginner level, but if you have any questions about the techniques mentioned, you might find the website \u003ca href=\"http://knittinghelp.com\">knittinghelp.com\u003c/a> helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click here for the pattern and try it yourself:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/BearBooties.pdf\" title=\"bearbooties.pdf\">bearbooties.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Zoo will be working with Article Pract in Oakland on more mittens for bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find out more about Moon Bears and their plight, and meet Jill Robinson on Wednesday, May 21 at 6:30 for the lecture entitle, \"From Prison to Paradise: Rescuing the Endangered Asian Moon Bear. Bring the family to Bear Day at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> on Saturday, May 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some of this information is thanks to Twisted, the Knit Shop in Oregon who is helping the Oregon zoo knit mittens.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7772 -122.166595\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/579/mittens-for-bears-and-other-tales","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_11"],"tags":["quest_171","quest_295","quest_296","quest_582","quest_1580","quest_3351","quest_1846","quest_1871","quest_2024","quest_2141","quest_2417"],"label":"quest"},"quest_285":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_285","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"285","score":null,"sort":[1195671164000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"so-did-you-go-get-that-bear-yourself","title":""So, did you go get that bear yourself?"","publishDate":1195671164,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/11/sunbear1.jpg\">\u003cem>Ting explores Halloween enrichment. No, that is\u003cbr>\nnot a real giant candy corn.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> Zoo guests and especially young students often ask us how we get our animals, imagining myself or a zoo keeper running after zebras in the savanna sun with nets and ropes. Of course, this is quite illegal these days and I would never work for an institution that did such things. Accredited zoos acquire animals through a variety of means, from purchasing an individual from another zoo, to breeding them on-site, to rescuing an animal in need of a home or even finding a hedgehog in a Tupperware dish outside the door to your office (yes, this happened).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I were to take you on a tour of our animals with a focus on where they came from, you would be amazed. Our tigers came from a circus, our juvenile lions from an illegal situation in Texas, our rabbits from a humane society, our pot bellied pigs from a family discarding a pet. Each tells a story of animal welfare or conservation – and it is this aspect of the Oakland Zoo that I am most proud of. In many ways, we are a sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/11/sunbear2.jpg\">\u003cem>Ting naps in straw atop her tree house,\u003cbr>\nher huge, green and peaceful enclosure\u003cbr>\nin background.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> One of the most telling stories is that of Ting Ting, our Sun Bear from Borneo. Ting had not had an easy life. She was captured by poachers as a cub in her native country of Malaysia on the island of Borneo. They likely killed her mother to sell parts of her body on the black market and captured the young cub to sell as a pet. If so, she likely spent the first few years of her life in various homes, alone, in small enclosures and without appropriate food and care. Eventually Ting was confiscated by government officials when she was approximately three years old. She was put into an over crowded rescue facility where she spent the next six years. Like many wild animals, once in captivity, Ting had lost her natural fear of people and had not developed the necessary skills a bear needs to survive. Ting was too dangerous and ill-prepared to return to the wild. Due to the stress of these poor captive environments Ting developed stereotypic (abnormal repetitive behavior) pacing. This behavior develops to alleviate stress but typically continues as a habit even when the stress is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996 and again in 2000, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums coordinated two importations for a total of 20 Malaysian Sun Bears of the Bornean subspecies to help relieve the over crowded conditions of the rescue facility and to maintain our captive population. Ting Ting was sent to the San Diego Zoo in 2000 where she lived for six years, before she came to her home with us at the Oakland Zoo at the end of 2006. We plan on seeing her through to the end of her life, giving her tree houses to nap in, enrichment to play with, honey to eat, a pool to catch fish in, room to roam in her giant enclosure and eventually, a friend. It has been a long journey for Ting and we are glad she is home for good. We hope her story inspires guests to find out more about Sunbears and explore other conservation issues, as well as look at the role of zoos with fresh eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hear more about the plight of Sunbears and biodiversity in all of Borneo, please join us for a lecture on December 12th with Cynthia Ong and Heather Pierson of LEAP (\u003ca href=\"http://www.leapspiral.org\">www.leapspiral.org\u003c/a>). Check \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">www.oaklandzoo.org\u003c/a> for details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>. Cathy Keyes, Sunbear Keeper also contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.7502\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.148\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443833175,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":643},"headData":{"title":""So, did you go get that bear yourself?" | KQED","description":"Ting explores Halloween enrichment. No, that is not a real giant candy corn. Zoo guests and especially young students often ask us how we get our animals, imagining myself or a zoo keeper running after zebras in the savanna sun with nets and ropes. Of course, this is quite illegal these days and I would","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"285 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/11/21/so-did-you-go-get-that-bear-yourself/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/11/21/so-did-you-go-get-that-bear-yourself/","disqusTitle":""So, did you go get that bear yourself?"","path":"/quest/285/so-did-you-go-get-that-bear-yourself","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/11/sunbear1.jpg\">\u003cem>Ting explores Halloween enrichment. No, that is\u003cbr>\nnot a real giant candy corn.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> Zoo guests and especially young students often ask us how we get our animals, imagining myself or a zoo keeper running after zebras in the savanna sun with nets and ropes. Of course, this is quite illegal these days and I would never work for an institution that did such things. Accredited zoos acquire animals through a variety of means, from purchasing an individual from another zoo, to breeding them on-site, to rescuing an animal in need of a home or even finding a hedgehog in a Tupperware dish outside the door to your office (yes, this happened).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I were to take you on a tour of our animals with a focus on where they came from, you would be amazed. Our tigers came from a circus, our juvenile lions from an illegal situation in Texas, our rabbits from a humane society, our pot bellied pigs from a family discarding a pet. Each tells a story of animal welfare or conservation – and it is this aspect of the Oakland Zoo that I am most proud of. In many ways, we are a sanctuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2007/11/sunbear2.jpg\">\u003cem>Ting naps in straw atop her tree house,\u003cbr>\nher huge, green and peaceful enclosure\u003cbr>\nin background.\u003c/em>\u003c/span> One of the most telling stories is that of Ting Ting, our Sun Bear from Borneo. Ting had not had an easy life. She was captured by poachers as a cub in her native country of Malaysia on the island of Borneo. They likely killed her mother to sell parts of her body on the black market and captured the young cub to sell as a pet. If so, she likely spent the first few years of her life in various homes, alone, in small enclosures and without appropriate food and care. Eventually Ting was confiscated by government officials when she was approximately three years old. She was put into an over crowded rescue facility where she spent the next six years. Like many wild animals, once in captivity, Ting had lost her natural fear of people and had not developed the necessary skills a bear needs to survive. Ting was too dangerous and ill-prepared to return to the wild. Due to the stress of these poor captive environments Ting developed stereotypic (abnormal repetitive behavior) pacing. This behavior develops to alleviate stress but typically continues as a habit even when the stress is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996 and again in 2000, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums coordinated two importations for a total of 20 Malaysian Sun Bears of the Bornean subspecies to help relieve the over crowded conditions of the rescue facility and to maintain our captive population. Ting Ting was sent to the San Diego Zoo in 2000 where she lived for six years, before she came to her home with us at the Oakland Zoo at the end of 2006. We plan on seeing her through to the end of her life, giving her tree houses to nap in, enrichment to play with, honey to eat, a pool to catch fish in, room to roam in her giant enclosure and eventually, a friend. It has been a long journey for Ting and we are glad she is home for good. We hope her story inspires guests to find out more about Sunbears and explore other conservation issues, as well as look at the role of zoos with fresh eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To hear more about the plight of Sunbears and biodiversity in all of Borneo, please join us for a lecture on December 12th with Cynthia Ong and Heather Pierson of LEAP (\u003ca href=\"http://www.leapspiral.org\">www.leapspiral.org\u003c/a>). Check \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\">www.oaklandzoo.org\u003c/a> for details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/icon_amyg.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Amy Gotliffe\u003c/strong> is Conservation Manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"The Oakland Zoo\">The Oakland Zoo\u003c/a>. Cathy Keyes, Sunbear Keeper also contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"geo\"> latitude: \u003cspan class=\"latitude\">37.7502\u003c/span>, longitude: \u003cspan class=\"longitude\">-122.148\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/285/so-did-you-go-get-that-bear-yourself","authors":["10178"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_295","quest_368","quest_3351","quest_1586","quest_2059","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_2828","quest_2946"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. 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