When Should Animals Be Used for Research or Industry Testing?
Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures
QUEST's Environmental Election Round-Up
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When should animals be used for research or industry testing, if ever? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1422991058,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":5},"headData":{"title":"When Should Animals Be Used for Research or Industry Testing? | KQED","description":"From KQED Education Do Now: Animal testing in scientific and commercial research has a long and controversial history. When should animals be used for research or industry testing, if ever? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When Should Animals Be Used for Research or Industry Testing?","datePublished":"2015-02-03T19:17:38.000Z","dateModified":"2015-02-03T19:17:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"73778 http://science.kqed.org/quest?p=73778&preview_id=73778","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/02/03/when-should-animals-be-used-for-research-or-industry-testing/","disqusTitle":"When Should Animals Be Used for Research or Industry Testing?","redirect":{"type":"external","url":"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/03/when-should-animals-be-used-for-research-or-industry-testing/"},"rssmiSourceLink":"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/03/when-should-animals-be-used-for-research-or-industry-testing/","path":"/quest/73778/when-should-animals-be-used-for-research-or-industry-testing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/03/when-should-animals-be-used-for-research-or-industry-testing/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"When Should Animals Be Used for Research or Industry Testing?\">DoNow Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"http://blogs.kqed.org/education/2015/02/03/when-should-animals-be-used-for-research-or-industry-testing/","authors":["10216"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_168","quest_13123","quest_170","quest_171","quest_13124","quest_544","quest_11069","quest_1024","quest_12269","quest_12289"],"featImg":"quest_73779","label":"quest"},"quest_49780":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_49780","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"49780","score":null,"sort":[1361376044000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"book-review-animal-wise","title":"Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures","publishDate":1361376044,"format":"aside","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49786\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 166px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/cover/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49786\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/cover-166x253.jpg\" alt=\"book cover of animal wise\" width=\"166\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animal Wise: The thoughts and emotions of our fellow creatures. Virginia Morell; Crown: 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not a comparative psychologist or student of animal behavior, chances are you didn't know that \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5277090.stm\">cows have regional accents\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v414/n6860/abs/414165a0.html\">sheep don’t forget a face\u003c/a>. I'd also wager that you never heard that \u003ca href=\"http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/BioethicsSocialIssues/?ci=9780199551200\">fish feel pain\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88031220\">moths remember life as a caterpillar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just a few of the surprising mental feats our “lesser” animal relatives can manage, science journalist Virginia Morell tells us in her moving and entertaining new book, “Animal Wise: The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though an appreciation of the rich inner lives of our fellow creatures dates back at least to Aristotle, suggestions that animals could feel or think once met indignant resistance from theologians and philosophers who saw humans as the anointed ruler of a divinely created hierarchy of nature. Indignation turned to outrage when Charles Darwin recast humans not as the crown of creation but as an organism like any other, evolving in response to its ever-changing environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not surprising that Darwin, who documented physical similarities across species who live in similar environments, would think that such pressures gave rise to a continuity of mind across species as well. Any cognitive differences between humans and other animals are of degree, not kind, he argued in the “Descent of Man.” Furthermore, he wrote, “the senses and intuitions, the various emotions and faculties, such as love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitation, reason, etc., of which man boasts, may be found in an incipient, or even sometimes in a well-developed condition, in the lower animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49783\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/corvus_brachyrhynchos/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49783\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"american crow\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49783\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crows can use tools, challenging us to rethink the boundaries of animal cognition. (Photo: Walter Siegmund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Morell shows us, the need to elevate ourselves above nature runs deep. By the 1920s, the rise of behaviorists—psychologists who believed that science could investigate only observable behaviors—again demoted animals to mere stimulus-response robots incapable of anything approaching the human capacity for empathy, learning or intelligence. Some psychologists still cling to this view of animal automatons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try telling any dog or cat lover that her cherished companion doesn’t have a personality or care whether she lives or dies. I’ll never forget how our Airedale, Amanda, would let loose in a fit of hysterical howls as she flung herself into my arms every time I came home from college break. And I still miss the Russian blue who magically appeared purring at my feet whenever I was feeling down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such anecdotes are simply that, of course. But just because scientists don’t know how to study animal emotions \u003ca href=\"http://www.wonderlance.com/february2011_scientech_fransdewaal.html\">doesn’t mean animals don’t experience them\u003c/a>. And given how often a study knocks yet another “uniquely” human trait off its pedestal, it may be just a matter of time before someone figures out how to study emotions in animals too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the boundaries of animal cognition that interest Morell, a frequent contributor to National Geographic and Science. She takes a journalist’s approach to the question of animal minds, but shows a deep compassion and empathy for her subjects, which include species separated by some 100 million years of evolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49796\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/african_forest_elephant/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49796\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/African_Forest_Elephant.jpg\" alt=\"african elephant\" width=\"287\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49796\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephants, massacred by the thousands in Africa for the ivory in their tusks, experience grief and something akin to post-traumatic stress syndrome when they lose a family member. This male was photographed in Gabon, which conservationists consider ground zero for elephant massacre. (Photo: Peter H. Wrege)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without evolution as a guide, the cognitive skills of \u003cem>Homo sapiens\u003c/em> do not make sense biologically, Morell writes about animal physiologist Donald Griffin’s quest to bring science to the study of animal minds in the mid-1970s. Human cognition did not spring de novo from the hand of a divine creator, lingering protestations to the contrary. What, then, Morell asks, are the biological roots and evolutionary processes that gave rise to the cognitive capacities we share with our animal kin?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, she travels the globe to visit researchers in their labs and in the field as they search for the evolutionary roots of cognition. In the process, she shows us not just the remarkable mental skills of “nonhuman” animals, but the nature of science and how we know what we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We learn about ant “teachers” that look, under a magnifying glass, like “Elizabethan actors or courtiers fashionably dressed in pantaloons and fancy hats” after Nigel Franks, an English behavioral ecologist, and his students painstakingly paint each one with a unique colored pattern. The work, though excruciating, helps reveal how and why each ant responds to a challenge—in this case, the destruction of the colony’s nest. The experiments, Morell reports, suggest that ants “the size of hyphens” make decisions when confronted with challenges and appear to teach their comrades to follow their lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3boAzft0qkE]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet a German neuroscientist named Stefan Schuster who found the perfect research subject by happy accident—a supplier mistakenly sent him a big aquarium, which he filled with archerfish “just for fun.” Three years in, Schuster realized the fish could help him study how animals with small brains can make complex decisions. Archerfish, “the sharpshooters of the piscine world,” fire streams of water at prey, usually insects, on branches or leaves above the surface then race to nab them once dislodged. By analyzing videotapes of archerfish squirting and grabbing prey under a variety of conditions, Schuster concluded that the fish learn how to shoot new and difficult targets by watching a skilled colleague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell goes on to introduce us to the birds that forced scientists to rethink the meaning of bird-brained (including Betty, the tool-using crow), rats that “laugh” when tickled, elephants that experience post-traumatic stress after losing their matriarch, dolphins that cooperate to help another in distress and chimps whose sophisticated social intelligence forces us to consider our own failures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofjo26O0z_o]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ends, fittingly, with the latest studies of our most constant companion, the dog, a species Darwin considered closer to humans than to the wolves they descended from. The similarities between dogs and human are so striking that one group of scientists decided that studying the transition from wolf to dog would say more about the evolution of the human mind than studying the differences between chimpanzees and humans. Dogs, Morell writes, were Darwin’s “prime example of how animals, other than humans, experience ‘pleasure and pain, happiness and memory.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell obliterates the lines that might separate us from the rest of the animal kingdom by relating trailblazing discoveries of the emotional and intellectual lives of animals. In the process, she challenges us to rethink our ethical obligations to the creatures who share our world. Morell notes that even some of the scientists studying animal cognition wanted to know how she would address the question of what sets us apart from other animals. “That question was not the point of the book,” she told them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that we now know that we live in a world of sentient beings, not one of stimulus-response machines,\" Morell writes, \"we need to ask: ‘How should we treat these other emotional, thinking creatures?' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, critics of those advocating for the compassionate treatment of animals have argued there’s no evidence to support their claims. As Morell makes clear, that argument no longer stands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, now, is: what are we going to do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear Virginia Morell talk about Animal Wise at Pegasus Books, 2349 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, March 14 at 7:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An appreciation of the rich inner lives of nonhuman animals dates back at least to Aristotle and gained support from Charles Darwin, who saw any differences between humans and other animals as a matter of degree, not kind. Still, the notion that humans stand above and apart from our fellow creatures dies hard. In her new book, \"Animal Wise,\" science journalist Virginia Morell takes us on a tour of labs and field sites around the world to show us that many of the traits once thought uniquely human appear in even our most distant evolutionary relatives. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1361419103,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1332},"headData":{"title":"Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures | KQED","description":"An appreciation of the rich inner lives of nonhuman animals dates back at least to Aristotle and gained support from Charles Darwin, who saw any differences between humans and other animals as a matter of degree, not kind. Still, the notion that humans stand above and apart from our fellow creatures dies hard. In her new book, "Animal Wise," science journalist Virginia Morell takes us on a tour of labs and field sites around the world to show us that many of the traits once thought uniquely human appear in even our most distant evolutionary relatives. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures","datePublished":"2013-02-20T16:00:44.000Z","dateModified":"2013-02-21T03:58:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"49780 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=49780","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/","disqusTitle":"Book Review: Animal Wise - The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures","path":"/quest/49780/book-review-animal-wise","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49786\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 166px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/cover/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49786\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/cover-166x253.jpg\" alt=\"book cover of animal wise\" width=\"166\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49786\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animal Wise: The thoughts and emotions of our fellow creatures. Virginia Morell; Crown: 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not a comparative psychologist or student of animal behavior, chances are you didn't know that \u003ca href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5277090.stm\">cows have regional accents\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v414/n6860/abs/414165a0.html\">sheep don’t forget a face\u003c/a>. I'd also wager that you never heard that \u003ca href=\"http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/BioethicsSocialIssues/?ci=9780199551200\">fish feel pain\u003c/a> or that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88031220\">moths remember life as a caterpillar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just a few of the surprising mental feats our “lesser” animal relatives can manage, science journalist Virginia Morell tells us in her moving and entertaining new book, “Animal Wise: The Thoughts and Emotions of Our Fellow Creatures.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though an appreciation of the rich inner lives of our fellow creatures dates back at least to Aristotle, suggestions that animals could feel or think once met indignant resistance from theologians and philosophers who saw humans as the anointed ruler of a divinely created hierarchy of nature. Indignation turned to outrage when Charles Darwin recast humans not as the crown of creation but as an organism like any other, evolving in response to its ever-changing environment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not surprising that Darwin, who documented physical similarities across species who live in similar environments, would think that such pressures gave rise to a continuity of mind across species as well. Any cognitive differences between humans and other animals are of degree, not kind, he argued in the “Descent of Man.” Furthermore, he wrote, “the senses and intuitions, the various emotions and faculties, such as love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitation, reason, etc., of which man boasts, may be found in an incipient, or even sometimes in a well-developed condition, in the lower animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49783\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/corvus_brachyrhynchos/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49783\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/Corvus_brachyrhynchos-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"american crow\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49783\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crows can use tools, challenging us to rethink the boundaries of animal cognition. (Photo: Walter Siegmund)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Morell shows us, the need to elevate ourselves above nature runs deep. By the 1920s, the rise of behaviorists—psychologists who believed that science could investigate only observable behaviors—again demoted animals to mere stimulus-response robots incapable of anything approaching the human capacity for empathy, learning or intelligence. Some psychologists still cling to this view of animal automatons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try telling any dog or cat lover that her cherished companion doesn’t have a personality or care whether she lives or dies. I’ll never forget how our Airedale, Amanda, would let loose in a fit of hysterical howls as she flung herself into my arms every time I came home from college break. And I still miss the Russian blue who magically appeared purring at my feet whenever I was feeling down. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such anecdotes are simply that, of course. But just because scientists don’t know how to study animal emotions \u003ca href=\"http://www.wonderlance.com/february2011_scientech_fransdewaal.html\">doesn’t mean animals don’t experience them\u003c/a>. And given how often a study knocks yet another “uniquely” human trait off its pedestal, it may be just a matter of time before someone figures out how to study emotions in animals too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the boundaries of animal cognition that interest Morell, a frequent contributor to National Geographic and Science. She takes a journalist’s approach to the question of animal minds, but shows a deep compassion and empathy for her subjects, which include species separated by some 100 million years of evolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49796\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/02/20/book-review-animal-wise/african_forest_elephant/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-49796\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/African_Forest_Elephant.jpg\" alt=\"african elephant\" width=\"287\" height=\"350\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49796\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephants, massacred by the thousands in Africa for the ivory in their tusks, experience grief and something akin to post-traumatic stress syndrome when they lose a family member. This male was photographed in Gabon, which conservationists consider ground zero for elephant massacre. (Photo: Peter H. Wrege)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without evolution as a guide, the cognitive skills of \u003cem>Homo sapiens\u003c/em> do not make sense biologically, Morell writes about animal physiologist Donald Griffin’s quest to bring science to the study of animal minds in the mid-1970s. Human cognition did not spring de novo from the hand of a divine creator, lingering protestations to the contrary. What, then, Morell asks, are the biological roots and evolutionary processes that gave rise to the cognitive capacities we share with our animal kin?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, she travels the globe to visit researchers in their labs and in the field as they search for the evolutionary roots of cognition. In the process, she shows us not just the remarkable mental skills of “nonhuman” animals, but the nature of science and how we know what we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We learn about ant “teachers” that look, under a magnifying glass, like “Elizabethan actors or courtiers fashionably dressed in pantaloons and fancy hats” after Nigel Franks, an English behavioral ecologist, and his students painstakingly paint each one with a unique colored pattern. The work, though excruciating, helps reveal how and why each ant responds to a challenge—in this case, the destruction of the colony’s nest. The experiments, Morell reports, suggest that ants “the size of hyphens” make decisions when confronted with challenges and appear to teach their comrades to follow their lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3boAzft0qkE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3boAzft0qkE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet a German neuroscientist named Stefan Schuster who found the perfect research subject by happy accident—a supplier mistakenly sent him a big aquarium, which he filled with archerfish “just for fun.” Three years in, Schuster realized the fish could help him study how animals with small brains can make complex decisions. Archerfish, “the sharpshooters of the piscine world,” fire streams of water at prey, usually insects, on branches or leaves above the surface then race to nab them once dislodged. By analyzing videotapes of archerfish squirting and grabbing prey under a variety of conditions, Schuster concluded that the fish learn how to shoot new and difficult targets by watching a skilled colleague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell goes on to introduce us to the birds that forced scientists to rethink the meaning of bird-brained (including Betty, the tool-using crow), rats that “laugh” when tickled, elephants that experience post-traumatic stress after losing their matriarch, dolphins that cooperate to help another in distress and chimps whose sophisticated social intelligence forces us to consider our own failures. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ofjo26O0z_o'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ofjo26O0z_o'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ends, fittingly, with the latest studies of our most constant companion, the dog, a species Darwin considered closer to humans than to the wolves they descended from. The similarities between dogs and human are so striking that one group of scientists decided that studying the transition from wolf to dog would say more about the evolution of the human mind than studying the differences between chimpanzees and humans. Dogs, Morell writes, were Darwin’s “prime example of how animals, other than humans, experience ‘pleasure and pain, happiness and memory.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morell obliterates the lines that might separate us from the rest of the animal kingdom by relating trailblazing discoveries of the emotional and intellectual lives of animals. In the process, she challenges us to rethink our ethical obligations to the creatures who share our world. Morell notes that even some of the scientists studying animal cognition wanted to know how she would address the question of what sets us apart from other animals. “That question was not the point of the book,” she told them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that we now know that we live in a world of sentient beings, not one of stimulus-response machines,\" Morell writes, \"we need to ask: ‘How should we treat these other emotional, thinking creatures?' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, critics of those advocating for the compassionate treatment of animals have argued there’s no evidence to support their claims. As Morell makes clear, that argument no longer stands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question, now, is: what are we going to do about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear Virginia Morell talk about Animal Wise at Pegasus Books, 2349 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, March 14 at 7:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/49780/book-review-animal-wise","authors":["6322"],"categories":["quest_4"],"tags":["quest_11737","quest_11211","quest_168","quest_366","quest_1032","quest_13202"],"featImg":"quest_49783","label":"quest"},"quest_918":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_918","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"918","score":null,"sort":[1225493103000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"quests-environmental-election-round-up","title":"QUEST's Environmental Election Round-Up","publishDate":1225493103,"format":"video","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/radio2-48_fast_train3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Credit: California High Speed Rail Authority\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Unless you're one of the undecided voters, still dithering over your pick for the presidency, it's time to think about some of the other stuff on the ballot: the measures and propositions related to science and the environment. This blog is a round-up of QUEST and KQED's coverage of environmental election issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting with California's state-wide propositions, we have \u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop1a-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 1A: Safe, Reliable High-Speed Passenger Train Bond Act\u003c/a>. The proposed train would zip from San Francisco to LA in a mere two and a half hours, if voters approve a $10 billion bond. QUEST did a TV story on the science and politics of the high-speed rail last year, and updated it in a web-only video for this year's election. Check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/highspeed-rail-on-the-ballot\">High-Speed Rail on the Ballot\u003c/a>. And listen to QUEST's radio story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/fast-trains\">Fast Trains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, \u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop2-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 2: Standards For Confining Farm Animals\u003c/a>. If passed, this proposition would require bigger crates for certain farm animals. It is mostly about animal cruelty, but has implications for human health – and California's egg industry. Listen to \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R809290850\">The California Report's coverage\u003c/a> of the pros and cons of Proposition 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop7-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 7: Renewable Energy Generation\u003c/a>, would require utilities to get 50% of their power from renewable sources. It sounds straightforward, but actually this one is controversial. Things are explained in this QUEST radio story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/big-solar-on-the-ballot\">Big Solar on the Ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we have \u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop10-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 10: Alternative Fuel Vehicles and Renewable Energy,\u003c/a> which combines funding for solar and wind energy research with consumer incentives to encourage the use of clean fuels. There is controversy, because the proposition gives extra bonus points to some alternative fuels, but not others. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R810150850\">coverage by the California Report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three measures across the Bay Area concerning open space: Measure WW in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, Measure P in Napa county and Measure T in Solano county. Listen to a discussion of these measures with the executive director of The Greenbelt Alliance, in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R810300833\">KQED Radio News story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, Proposition H lets voters decide whether the electric utilities should be publicly owned. This would give the city flexibility in terms of obtaining power from renewable energy sources, but it's hard to say how it would affect the price of electricity. Reporter Cy Musiker and Craig Miller, senior editor for KQED's Climate Watch series, debate Prop H in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R810291730\">segment from KQED Radio News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figure out your opinions on these science and environment issues – and check KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/election/\">Election 2008\u003c/a> page, for additional election coverage. Then voice your opinions, with your vote, and your comments to this blog!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Unless you're one of the undecided voters, still dithering over your pick for the presidency, it's time to think about some of the other stuff on the ballot: the measures and propositions related to science and the environment. This blog is a round-up of QUEST and KQED's coverage of environmental election issues.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1367354087,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":461},"headData":{"title":"QUEST's Environmental Election Round-Up | KQED","description":"Unless you're one of the undecided voters, still dithering over your pick for the presidency, it's time to think about some of the other stuff on the ballot: the measures and propositions related to science and the environment. This blog is a round-up of QUEST and KQED's coverage of environmental election issues.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"QUEST's Environmental Election Round-Up","datePublished":"2008-10-31T22:45:03.000Z","dateModified":"2013-04-30T20:34:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"918 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=918","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/10/31/quests-environmental-election-round-up/","disqusTitle":"QUEST's Environmental Election Round-Up","path":"/quest/918/quests-environmental-election-round-up","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2008/09/radio2-48_fast_train3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Credit: California High Speed Rail Authority\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Unless you're one of the undecided voters, still dithering over your pick for the presidency, it's time to think about some of the other stuff on the ballot: the measures and propositions related to science and the environment. This blog is a round-up of QUEST and KQED's coverage of environmental election issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting with California's state-wide propositions, we have \u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop1a-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 1A: Safe, Reliable High-Speed Passenger Train Bond Act\u003c/a>. The proposed train would zip from San Francisco to LA in a mere two and a half hours, if voters approve a $10 billion bond. QUEST did a TV story on the science and politics of the high-speed rail last year, and updated it in a web-only video for this year's election. Check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/highspeed-rail-on-the-ballot\">High-Speed Rail on the Ballot\u003c/a>. And listen to QUEST's radio story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/fast-trains\">Fast Trains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, \u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop2-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 2: Standards For Confining Farm Animals\u003c/a>. If passed, this proposition would require bigger crates for certain farm animals. It is mostly about animal cruelty, but has implications for human health – and California's egg industry. Listen to \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R809290850\">The California Report's coverage\u003c/a> of the pros and cons of Proposition 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop7-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 7: Renewable Energy Generation\u003c/a>, would require utilities to get 50% of their power from renewable sources. It sounds straightforward, but actually this one is controversial. Things are explained in this QUEST radio story, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/big-solar-on-the-ballot\">Big Solar on the Ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we have \u003ca href=\"http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/title-sum/prop10-title-sum.htm\">Proposition 10: Alternative Fuel Vehicles and Renewable Energy,\u003c/a> which combines funding for solar and wind energy research with consumer incentives to encourage the use of clean fuels. There is controversy, because the proposition gives extra bonus points to some alternative fuels, but not others. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R810150850\">coverage by the California Report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three measures across the Bay Area concerning open space: Measure WW in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, Measure P in Napa county and Measure T in Solano county. Listen to a discussion of these measures with the executive director of The Greenbelt Alliance, in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R810300833\">KQED Radio News story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, Proposition H lets voters decide whether the electric utilities should be publicly owned. This would give the city flexibility in terms of obtaining power from renewable energy sources, but it's hard to say how it would affect the price of electricity. Reporter Cy Musiker and Craig Miller, senior editor for KQED's Climate Watch series, debate Prop H in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R810291730\">segment from KQED Radio News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figure out your opinions on these science and environment issues – and check KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/election/\">Election 2008\u003c/a> page, for additional election coverage. Then voice your opinions, with your vote, and your comments to this blog!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/918/quests-environmental-election-round-up","authors":["10200"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9"],"tags":["quest_127","quest_168","quest_252","quest_984","quest_1366","quest_3351","quest_1605","quest_2251","quest_2349","quest_2530","quest_2893"],"label":"quest"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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