Interview with Astronomer Jill Tarter, Part I (web only)
Interview with Astronomer Jill Tarter, Part II (web only)
SETI: The New Search for ET
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One such person is Jill Tarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the director for SETI Research at the SETI institute in Mountain View, California. She’s also the inspiration for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmSYXbgcozY\">Jodi Foster character\u003c/a> in the 1997 movie Contact, based on the book by Carl Sagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, Jill Tarter’s career at SETI has been a lot less momentous. In her 60s now, with her gray hair in a short, no-nonsense cut, Tarter says she knows she may not hear a signal from intelligent extra-terrestrials in her lifetime. “I don’t know whether anyone will ever find a signal,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">Is it Time for SETI to Stop Looking?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Back when Tarter joined SETI, the project was funded by NASA. But that support ended in 1993. Since then, she and others have spent almost as much time searching for money as they have searching for ET. Three years ago, SETI celebrated what felt like a turning point: the opening of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/seti-the-new-search-for-et\">Allen Telescope Array\u003c/a>, near Redding, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SETI's powerful new tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Allen Array, Tarter and other SETI scientists took their equipment around the world, borrowing time from telescopes owned by other institutions. But with Allen, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/ata\">constructed \u003c/a>with money from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and is jointly managed with the University of California, Berkeley, SETI scientists could scan the skies full-time, hoping a clear, tell-tale radio signal would distinguish itself from the universe’s background hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look,” says Tarter, “for signals that are compressed in frequency. Because nature doesn’t do that, technology does.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the first to admit that this may never work. She says SETI is searching the cosmic haystack for a needle that might not even exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Zuckerman, a professor of astronomy at UCLA, is skeptical humans will ever find intelligent extra-terrestrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly I don’t think technological ETs exist in our Milky Way galaxy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/31_05/zuckerman.html\">says Zuckerman\u003c/a>. “Or if they do, they’re very, very scarce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman didn’t always feel this way. In grad school, he studied with Carl Sagan. He even worked on some of the early radio searches back in the 1970s. But then he started to have doubts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are so many technological civilizations out there, and they’re so far in advance of our own technological civilization, then why haven’t they found us?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the problem of timing. If intelligent ETs are out there, what are the odds that their signals would reach Earth at the precise moment in cosmic history that we happen to be listening? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NASA's Kepler Mission delivers new targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, something happened that gave critics new hope: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Mission\u003c/a>, a program designed to survey the Milky Way galaxy in search of Earth-size and smaller planets, delivered its results. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">found what it was looking for\u003c/a>: More than a thousand planets orbiting distant stars like our sun. Dozens of them are thought to be roughly Earth-sized. Of those, some may turn out to have climates that could be hospitable to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dimitar Sasselov directs Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/dimitar_sasselov_how_we_found_hundreds_of_potential_earth_like_planets.html\">is also a member of the Kepler team\u003c/a>. He says Kepler has given SETI something it never had before: targets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where we should be looking for the signals coming from other civilizations,” says Sasselov, referring to the so-called Kepler planets. “SETI is already in possession of this list.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April, that list has been filed away for future use. SETI’s Allen Telescope Array is \u003ca href=\"http://archive.seti.org/pdfs/ATA-hibernation.pdf\">officially in “hibernation.”\u003c/a> Tight budgets at the state and federal level have left UC Berkeley without enough money to operate the telescopes. Sasselov says it’s a shame. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our only shot to listen for such signals,” he says. “When the array is down, we are blind and we are deaf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> The \"longest long shot\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Tarter says it would cost $5 million and two years to systematically go through the Kepler planets, listening for radio signals produced by an intelligent civilization. She’s looking for private money to make it happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Ben Zuckerman, the UCLA skeptic, believes that’s a small price to pay. “Given that the costs are not very high,” he says, “why not continue the search?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman says it’s a long shot. Maybe the longest long shot in the history of science. But the payoff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The payoff, one could argue, is the most important science discovery of all time.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and hundreds of billions of galaxies. Tarter says someday, it may make sense to stop looking, to come to what she calls the “extraordinary conclusion” that we really are alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t an impossible conclusion,” says Tarter. “That may be the answer. But it certainly isn’t time to draw that conclusion. Let’s search a little more. A lot more, actually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.791111 -121.504722\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Of all the questions in science, few have haunted humans as persistently as this: Are we alone? For more than 50 years, scientists have listened for a signal from intelligent life on other planets... and come up empty. Now, they're running short of money. Is it time to give up?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1371060986,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":937},"headData":{"title":"Should SETI Stop Looking? | KQED","description":"Of all the questions in science, few have haunted humans as persistently as this: Are we alone? For more than 50 years, scientists have listened for a signal from intelligent life on other planets... and come up empty. Now, they're running short of money. Is it time to give up?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Should SETI Stop Looking?","datePublished":"2011-05-06T23:41:01.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-12T18:16:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19223 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2011/05/06/should-seti-stop-looking/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/06/should-seti-stop-looking/","disqusTitle":"Should SETI Stop Looking?","path":"/quest/19223/should-seti-stop-looking","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/radio5-31_array300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array near Redding, California\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a certain type of person to devote an entire career to chasing something she'’ll probably never find. One such person is Jill Tarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the director for SETI Research at the SETI institute in Mountain View, California. She’s also the inspiration for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmSYXbgcozY\">Jodi Foster character\u003c/a> in the 1997 movie Contact, based on the book by Carl Sagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In real life, Jill Tarter’s career at SETI has been a lot less momentous. In her 60s now, with her gray hair in a short, no-nonsense cut, Tarter says she knows she may not hear a signal from intelligent extra-terrestrials in her lifetime. “I don’t know whether anyone will ever find a signal,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"label":":http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3"},"numeric":[":http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/05/2011-05-09-quest.mp3"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/is-it-time-for-seti-to-stop-looking\">Is it Time for SETI to Stop Looking?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Back when Tarter joined SETI, the project was funded by NASA. But that support ended in 1993. Since then, she and others have spent almost as much time searching for money as they have searching for ET. Three years ago, SETI celebrated what felt like a turning point: the opening of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/seti-the-new-search-for-et\">Allen Telescope Array\u003c/a>, near Redding, California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SETI's powerful new tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Allen Array, Tarter and other SETI scientists took their equipment around the world, borrowing time from telescopes owned by other institutions. But with Allen, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/ata\">constructed \u003c/a>with money from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and is jointly managed with the University of California, Berkeley, SETI scientists could scan the skies full-time, hoping a clear, tell-tale radio signal would distinguish itself from the universe’s background hiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look,” says Tarter, “for signals that are compressed in frequency. Because nature doesn’t do that, technology does.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarter is the first to admit that this may never work. She says SETI is searching the cosmic haystack for a needle that might not even exist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Zuckerman, a professor of astronomy at UCLA, is skeptical humans will ever find intelligent extra-terrestrials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly I don’t think technological ETs exist in our Milky Way galaxy,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/31_05/zuckerman.html\">says Zuckerman\u003c/a>. “Or if they do, they’re very, very scarce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman didn’t always feel this way. In grad school, he studied with Carl Sagan. He even worked on some of the early radio searches back in the 1970s. But then he started to have doubts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are so many technological civilizations out there, and they’re so far in advance of our own technological civilization, then why haven’t they found us?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the problem of timing. If intelligent ETs are out there, what are the odds that their signals would reach Earth at the precise moment in cosmic history that we happen to be listening? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NASA's Kepler Mission delivers new targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, something happened that gave critics new hope: \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Mission\u003c/a>, a program designed to survey the Milky Way galaxy in search of Earth-size and smaller planets, delivered its results. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">found what it was looking for\u003c/a>: More than a thousand planets orbiting distant stars like our sun. Dozens of them are thought to be roughly Earth-sized. Of those, some may turn out to have climates that could be hospitable to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dimitar Sasselov directs Harvard’s Origins of Life Initiative and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ted.com/talks/dimitar_sasselov_how_we_found_hundreds_of_potential_earth_like_planets.html\">is also a member of the Kepler team\u003c/a>. He says Kepler has given SETI something it never had before: targets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where we should be looking for the signals coming from other civilizations,” says Sasselov, referring to the so-called Kepler planets. “SETI is already in possession of this list.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April, that list has been filed away for future use. SETI’s Allen Telescope Array is \u003ca href=\"http://archive.seti.org/pdfs/ATA-hibernation.pdf\">officially in “hibernation.”\u003c/a> Tight budgets at the state and federal level have left UC Berkeley without enough money to operate the telescopes. Sasselov says it’s a shame. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our only shot to listen for such signals,” he says. “When the array is down, we are blind and we are deaf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> The \"longest long shot\" \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Tarter says it would cost $5 million and two years to systematically go through the Kepler planets, listening for radio signals produced by an intelligent civilization. She’s looking for private money to make it happen. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Ben Zuckerman, the UCLA skeptic, believes that’s a small price to pay. “Given that the costs are not very high,” he says, “why not continue the search?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerman says it’s a long shot. Maybe the longest long shot in the history of science. But the payoff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The payoff, one could argue, is the most important science discovery of all time.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, and hundreds of billions of galaxies. Tarter says someday, it may make sense to stop looking, to come to what she calls the “extraordinary conclusion” that we really are alone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t an impossible conclusion,” says Tarter. “That may be the answer. But it certainly isn’t time to draw that conclusion. Let’s search a little more. A lot more, actually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 40.791111 -121.504722\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19223/should-seti-stop-looking","authors":["210"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_3452","quest_13192","quest_252","quest_3480","quest_3544","quest_3626","quest_1564","quest_3351","quest_13203","quest_2349","quest_3762"],"featImg":"quest_14304","label":"quest"},"quest_19221":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_19221","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"19221","score":null,"sort":[1304699893000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"earth-to-et-im-not-listening","title":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening!","publishDate":1304699893,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ATA_pix2.jpg\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) at Hat Creek Radio\u003cbr> Observatory. Credit: SETI Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Imagine: ET, sitting at the controls of a giant radio telescope on an alien world, methodically probing one star, then the next, listening…listening, because ET thinks that if civilization exists on her world, it may exist on another—if only she could hear the radio chatter of that would-be civilization. One star, then another, then another. All's quiet; no radio leakage from global broadcasts, no tightly beamed message aimed at the cosmos declaring, \"I'm here! Are you, too?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ET turns the antenna once more, this time to a small, distant, yellow sun (the one we Earthlings call Sol). Reaching for the button labeled \"receive,\" ET is suddenly interrupted by her supervisor. The order: \"Shut down; we just ran out of money.\" Reluctantly, ET turns off the radio dish, wondering wistfully if that little yellow sun might have been \"the one\"….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: This has been a blog dramatization. There is no actual danger to the people of Planet Earth. Do not panic….\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now turn the story around: No alien scientist with research budget constraints, but rather the operational shutdown, or \"hibernation,\" of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1581\">SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array (ATA)\u003c/a>, operated by the University of California Berkeley, due to State funding cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SETI Institute has been around a while now, pointing radio dishes at stars and listening for signals of non-natural origin. If you've seen the movie Contact (at least, the first half hour or so), you get the idea of what they do—and also how funding, or scarcity thereof, figures into their work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to detect and discriminate the radio transmissions from a civilization in another star system is a bit like trying to hear a whisper from across a noisy room, hence the need for a sensitive listening device like the ATA. The ATA is an array of radio telescopes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcro.org/\">Hat Creek Radio Observatory \u003c/a>in Northern California built to conduct high-resolution radio astronomy observations of cosmic events and objects, as well as to listen for the radio broadcasts of any alien civilizations that might be within hearing distance of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of things make the ATA the most powerful tool in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence yet constructed. One is the collective size of radio dishes. Each dish isn't particularly large as radio telescopes go, but the plan is for as many as 350 linked dishes to make one giant radio \"ear\". Also, advancements in electronic and computing technologies give the ATA increased sensitivity and data processing speed . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question as to whether other civilizations (or life) even exist has not been answered, the ATA is capable of making the detection, particularly if such a civilization were in our stellar neighborhood…and \u003ca href=\"http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm\">frankly\u003c/a>, this would be one of the greatest discoveries in all of history…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but that's all on hold until a few million dollars of operating cash can be found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ATA's hibernation came at a particularly unfortunate moment. As compelling as SETI's search was before, the recent discovery of over \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">1,200 candidate extrasolar planets \u003c/a>(exoplanets) by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>mission has produced a list of highly desirable targets for the ATA. A number of the candidate worlds are of Earth-like stature, and a number of those dwell within their stars' habitable zones—potentially prime spots for life to have formed…and who knows, intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we actually hear the weak radio (or television!) signal of an extraterrestrial world—either inadvertent signal leakage, like ET's version of I Love Lucy, or a direct broadcast aimed at the cosmos with a message like \"Hello out there!\"—that would be a transformational day for the human race, the day we learn that there's not only life out there, but other intelligence, other thinkers. That would be a far bigger deal than discovering microbes on Mars…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what would we hear? What would ET say? Would we be able to understand the language spoken? Would the discovery be any less monumental if we couldn't?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we would hear from ET might be similar to what we'd say to her. Beyond the accidental leakage of our radio and television broadcasts, what would our message be? \u003cem>Hello, here we are. Anyone out there? Eh? Bueller? Bueller?\u003c/em> But the nature of interstellar distances means we'd have to wait tens, or hundreds, or even thousands of years to hear any response to the query. It makes more practical sense just to listen….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for ET hearing our own broadcasts, in the time since we started making them the \"bubble\" of transmissions has swept out through our stellar neighborhood, out to a distance of about 70 light years at this point, which encompasses hundreds of stars and, as we now know, hundreds of exoplanets….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully the hibernation of the ATA is only a temporary pause, and SETI will soon get back to the job of putting Earth's big ear to the candidate Kepler worlds and listen intently for that world-changing whisper….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"SETI's Allen Telescope Array is placed in hibernation due to funding cuts, putting the search for extraterrestrial intelligence on hold.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1304699893,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":874},"headData":{"title":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening! | KQED","description":"SETI's Allen Telescope Array is placed in hibernation due to funding cuts, putting the search for extraterrestrial intelligence on hold.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening!","datePublished":"2011-05-06T16:38:13.000Z","dateModified":"2011-05-06T16:38:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"19221 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=14259","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/06/earth-to-et-im-not-listening/","disqusTitle":"Earth to ET: I'm Not Listening!","path":"/quest/19221/earth-to-et-im-not-listening","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/ATA_pix2.jpg\">\u003cem>The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) at Hat Creek Radio\u003cbr> Observatory. Credit: SETI Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Imagine: ET, sitting at the controls of a giant radio telescope on an alien world, methodically probing one star, then the next, listening…listening, because ET thinks that if civilization exists on her world, it may exist on another—if only she could hear the radio chatter of that would-be civilization. One star, then another, then another. All's quiet; no radio leakage from global broadcasts, no tightly beamed message aimed at the cosmos declaring, \"I'm here! Are you, too?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ET turns the antenna once more, this time to a small, distant, yellow sun (the one we Earthlings call Sol). Reaching for the button labeled \"receive,\" ET is suddenly interrupted by her supervisor. The order: \"Shut down; we just ran out of money.\" Reluctantly, ET turns off the radio dish, wondering wistfully if that little yellow sun might have been \"the one\"….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Disclaimer: This has been a blog dramatization. There is no actual danger to the people of Planet Earth. Do not panic….\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now turn the story around: No alien scientist with research budget constraints, but rather the operational shutdown, or \"hibernation,\" of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seti.org/page.aspx?pid=1581\">SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array (ATA)\u003c/a>, operated by the University of California Berkeley, due to State funding cuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SETI Institute has been around a while now, pointing radio dishes at stars and listening for signals of non-natural origin. If you've seen the movie Contact (at least, the first half hour or so), you get the idea of what they do—and also how funding, or scarcity thereof, figures into their work. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to detect and discriminate the radio transmissions from a civilization in another star system is a bit like trying to hear a whisper from across a noisy room, hence the need for a sensitive listening device like the ATA. The ATA is an array of radio telescopes at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcro.org/\">Hat Creek Radio Observatory \u003c/a>in Northern California built to conduct high-resolution radio astronomy observations of cosmic events and objects, as well as to listen for the radio broadcasts of any alien civilizations that might be within hearing distance of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of things make the ATA the most powerful tool in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence yet constructed. One is the collective size of radio dishes. Each dish isn't particularly large as radio telescopes go, but the plan is for as many as 350 linked dishes to make one giant radio \"ear\". Also, advancements in electronic and computing technologies give the ATA increased sensitivity and data processing speed . \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the question as to whether other civilizations (or life) even exist has not been answered, the ATA is capable of making the detection, particularly if such a civilization were in our stellar neighborhood…and \u003ca href=\"http://www.setileague.org/general/drake.htm\">frankly\u003c/a>, this would be one of the greatest discoveries in all of history…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…but that's all on hold until a few million dollars of operating cash can be found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ATA's hibernation came at a particularly unfortunate moment. As compelling as SETI's search was before, the recent discovery of over \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/11/kepler%E2%80%99s-smokin%E2%80%99-performance-zero-to-68-in-4-months/\">1,200 candidate extrasolar planets \u003c/a>(exoplanets) by \u003ca href=\"http://kepler.nasa.gov/\">NASA's Kepler \u003c/a>mission has produced a list of highly desirable targets for the ATA. A number of the candidate worlds are of Earth-like stature, and a number of those dwell within their stars' habitable zones—potentially prime spots for life to have formed…and who knows, intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we actually hear the weak radio (or television!) signal of an extraterrestrial world—either inadvertent signal leakage, like ET's version of I Love Lucy, or a direct broadcast aimed at the cosmos with a message like \"Hello out there!\"—that would be a transformational day for the human race, the day we learn that there's not only life out there, but other intelligence, other thinkers. That would be a far bigger deal than discovering microbes on Mars…. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what would we hear? What would ET say? Would we be able to understand the language spoken? Would the discovery be any less monumental if we couldn't?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we would hear from ET might be similar to what we'd say to her. Beyond the accidental leakage of our radio and television broadcasts, what would our message be? \u003cem>Hello, here we are. Anyone out there? Eh? Bueller? Bueller?\u003c/em> But the nature of interstellar distances means we'd have to wait tens, or hundreds, or even thousands of years to hear any response to the query. It makes more practical sense just to listen….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for ET hearing our own broadcasts, in the time since we started making them the \"bubble\" of transmissions has swept out through our stellar neighborhood, out to a distance of about 70 light years at this point, which encompasses hundreds of stars and, as we now know, hundreds of exoplanets….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully the hibernation of the ATA is only a temporary pause, and SETI will soon get back to the job of putting Earth's big ear to the candidate Kepler worlds and listen intently for that world-changing whisper….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.8148 -122.178\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/19221/earth-to-et-im-not-listening","authors":["6180"],"categories":["quest_3"],"tags":["quest_3452","quest_13192","quest_3466","quest_1051","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_2594"],"featImg":"quest_14263","label":"quest"},"quest_17403":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_17403","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"17403","score":null,"sort":[1207068480000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"interview-with-astronomer-jill-tarter-part-i-web-only","title":"Interview with Astronomer Jill Tarter, Part I (web only)","publishDate":1207068480,"format":"standard","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{"site":"quest"},"content":"\u003cp>[jwvideo id=\"201c_seti_web_extra\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Web Extra: Part I of our complete November 2007 interview with astronomer Dr. Jill Tarter of SETI Institute on site at the Allen Telescope Array in Hat Creek, CA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Web Extra: Part I of our complete November 2007 interview with astronomer Dr. Jill Tarter of SETI Institute on site at the Allen Telescope Array in Hat Creek, CA. 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