Shrimp from Wisconsin? New Aquatic Farming Methods Are Making It Possible
The Skin of a Building and Why it Matters
How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden
Repairing the Land After Frac Sand is Removed
Getting the Munchies for Hemp
Cranberry Producers Strive to Save Water
From Cheese to Energy
Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats
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Post-graduation, McCollum worked at KBIA as a reporter, anchor, producer, and mentor to University of Missouri journalism students.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a4508b712cb038c2b63c576a2ab80818?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Maureen McCollum | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a4508b712cb038c2b63c576a2ab80818?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a4508b712cb038c2b63c576a2ab80818?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mmccollum"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"quest_71671":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_71671","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"71671","score":null,"sort":[1409839205000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"drought-re-shaping-the-cattle-map","title":"Drought Re-shaping the Cattle Map","publishDate":1409839205,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Drought is reshaping the beef map and raising the price of steak. Ranchers are moving herds \u003ca href=\"http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_25773718/california-cattle-short-food-finding-way-colorado\">from California to Colorado\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://lubbockonline.com/agriculture/2014-03-02/texas-trails-nebraska-number-cattle-feeding#.U5dGJPmwJcQ\">from Texas to Nebraska\u003c/a> seeking refuge from dry weather. And cattle producers in the Midwest are making the most of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. may be on the front end of a significant geographic shakeout of the beef industry. Herd numbers have been sliding nationwide for more than a decade. Now, as drought grips major beef and dairy producing areas, a cattle migration is emerging and it’s altering where cattle are raised, fed, and slaughtered.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Drought devastating cattle herds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prime cattle producing areas can’t hold the same number of animals without adequate supplies of feed and water. Oklahoma State University livestock marketing specialist Derrell Peel says ponds and pastures are drying up across large parts of Oklahoma and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Western Oklahoma -- the panhandle, the panhandle of Texas, and, in fact, much of West Texas and much of western New Mexico are still in extremely severe drought,” Peel said. “There’s been very little relief really since the fall of 2010.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas, the country’s leading beef state, lost 24 percent of its total beef herd from 2010 to 2014. Oklahoma saw a 13 percent cut. As a result of shrinking herds, \u003ca href=\"http://www.startribune.com/business/258725451.html\">some feedlots and even a meat-packing plant\u003c/a> have closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A packing plant \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/31/usa-beef-national-idUSL2N0L51GW20140131\">also closed in Southern California\u003c/a> earlier this year, where more than 80 percent the state is currently experiencing extreme drought (as of August 7). Hay and alfalfa are expensive and in short supply for feeding cattle. For the time being, dairy producers appear to be absorbing the increased costs, but beef ranchers are having a harder time managing the expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many ranchers have cut beef herds in half in the northern Sierra foothills where Jeremy James is director of a University of California \u003ca href=\"http://sfrec.ucanr.edu/\">agriculture and natural resources research center.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if you go farther south in San Luis Obispo County, Santa Barbara, ranchers have culled basically their entire herd or 80 to 90 percent of their herd,” James said. “They’ve received some of the lowest rainfall over the last three years of almost anywhere on the coastal range of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Smallest herd in decades\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“The drought the last three years has been the last straw,” said Oklahoma State’s Derrell Peel. The U.S. beef herd has fallen by 1.8 million head, or 6 percent, since 2011. But it comes after years of overall decline in cattle numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. beef cow herd has been downsizing for 16 of the last 18 years,” Peel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, national herd numbers are the smallest they’ve been since the 1950s. That’s why \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/article/beef-herd-may-be-poised-growth-and-cheaper-steak\">shoppers are paying more than ever for beef\u003c/a> at the grocery store. Beef prices are up 10 percent in the last 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all beef states are experiencing equal declines. Northern states like Montana, Nebraska, Iowa, and the Dakotas have held steady or have even seen some growth in their cattle herds, even though many pastures have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/article/farmers-plowing-more-and-more-prairie\">plowed up to raise corn.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 241px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_truck-e1408567960506.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_truck-241x169.jpg\" alt=\"A feed truck drives along a concrete bunk in a cattle feedlot.\" width=\"241\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Van Housen Feed Yard in Stromsburg, Nebraska mixes 22 loads of feed every day, adding up to nearly 200 tons food for 8,000 cattle. (Photo by Grant Gerlock)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Following the feed\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many of those cattle have moved to Midwestern feedlots. This year, for the first time, Nebraska passed Texas as the top cattle-feeding state in the country. That is, Nebraska houses the most cattle in feedlots, which are generally the final step before they head to the slaughterhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main reason is a difference in feed prices. Feed costs are up in Texas, stoked by drought. But they’re relatively low in the Midwest, thanks to a byproduct of the region’s large ethanol industry -- distillers’ grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Distillers’ grains are the leftovers of corn ethanol production. Nebraska is second in the country in ethanol production, behind Iowa. When the starch is removed from the corn kernel to be fermented into fuel, the protein-rich fiber is left behind. But it can be used as an inexpensive ingredient in livestock feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71814\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 241px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_terry-e1408568049274.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71814\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_terry-241x169.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle feeder, Terry Van Housen, holds a handful of yellow cattle feed in his hand.\" width=\"241\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terry Van Housen takes a handful of feed from the bunk at his feedlot. Lower feed costs give Nebraska an advantage in the cattle-feeding industry. (Photo by Grant Gerlock)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cattle feeder Terry Van Housen calls Nebraska the “garden spot for raising cattle.” At his feedlot near the small town of Stromsburg, 8,000 animals line up along two miles of concrete bunks to pile on the pounds. He has replaced 30 percent of his regular feed ration with distillers’ grains, the corn ethanol byproduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Housen gets the moist, yellow, sweet-smelling stuff fresh from an ethanol plant just 18 miles away. He says the cheap source of feed gives Midwestern feeders an edge over southern competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s a big deal,” Van Housen says. “A lot of this stuff, if you fed in Texas, it would have to come from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Van Housen says, it’s cheaper to haul the cattle to the feed than haul the feed to the cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Waiting for rain\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rebuilding herds in the areas of cattle country hit hardest by drought could take years, and that’s only once the grass is green again. For now, ranchers in Texas and California are watching and waiting for rain. Jeremy James of the University of California says producers want to see what will happen this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will tip the scale in either a good or bad trajectory,” James said. “If we had a fourth year of drought here, it would probably tax most of these ag systems beyond any sort of reasonable capacity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rain does come, cattle will return to the areas where they were forced out by drought. The question is how many? Those ranchers will be competing with areas that have gained from their climatic misfortune. And wherever those cattle start, when it’s time for them to bulk up before slaughter, states like Nebraska, with easy access to cheap feed, are likely to attract a larger share of the market.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Cattle are leaving drought-parched pastures to go where the grass is greener and it could lead to long-term changes in the industry.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450491842,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1064},"headData":{"title":"Drought Re-shaping the Cattle Map | KQED","description":"Cattle are leaving drought-parched pastures to go where the grass is greener and it could lead to long-term changes in the industry.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Drought Re-shaping the Cattle Map","datePublished":"2014-09-04T14:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:24:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"71671 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=71671","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/09/04/drought-re-shaping-the-cattle-map/","disqusTitle":"Drought Re-shaping the Cattle Map","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"http://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Nebraska/Radio/Stream/060614_Beef_Gerlock.mp3","path":"/quest/71671/drought-re-shaping-the-cattle-map","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drought is reshaping the beef map and raising the price of steak. Ranchers are moving herds \u003ca href=\"http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_25773718/california-cattle-short-food-finding-way-colorado\">from California to Colorado\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://lubbockonline.com/agriculture/2014-03-02/texas-trails-nebraska-number-cattle-feeding#.U5dGJPmwJcQ\">from Texas to Nebraska\u003c/a> seeking refuge from dry weather. And cattle producers in the Midwest are making the most of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. may be on the front end of a significant geographic shakeout of the beef industry. Herd numbers have been sliding nationwide for more than a decade. Now, as drought grips major beef and dairy producing areas, a cattle migration is emerging and it’s altering where cattle are raised, fed, and slaughtered.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Drought devastating cattle herds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prime cattle producing areas can’t hold the same number of animals without adequate supplies of feed and water. Oklahoma State University livestock marketing specialist Derrell Peel says ponds and pastures are drying up across large parts of Oklahoma and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Western Oklahoma -- the panhandle, the panhandle of Texas, and, in fact, much of West Texas and much of western New Mexico are still in extremely severe drought,” Peel said. “There’s been very little relief really since the fall of 2010.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas, the country’s leading beef state, lost 24 percent of its total beef herd from 2010 to 2014. Oklahoma saw a 13 percent cut. As a result of shrinking herds, \u003ca href=\"http://www.startribune.com/business/258725451.html\">some feedlots and even a meat-packing plant\u003c/a> have closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A packing plant \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/31/usa-beef-national-idUSL2N0L51GW20140131\">also closed in Southern California\u003c/a> earlier this year, where more than 80 percent the state is currently experiencing extreme drought (as of August 7). Hay and alfalfa are expensive and in short supply for feeding cattle. For the time being, dairy producers appear to be absorbing the increased costs, but beef ranchers are having a harder time managing the expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many ranchers have cut beef herds in half in the northern Sierra foothills where Jeremy James is director of a University of California \u003ca href=\"http://sfrec.ucanr.edu/\">agriculture and natural resources research center.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if you go farther south in San Luis Obispo County, Santa Barbara, ranchers have culled basically their entire herd or 80 to 90 percent of their herd,” James said. “They’ve received some of the lowest rainfall over the last three years of almost anywhere on the coastal range of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Smallest herd in decades\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“The drought the last three years has been the last straw,” said Oklahoma State’s Derrell Peel. The U.S. beef herd has fallen by 1.8 million head, or 6 percent, since 2011. But it comes after years of overall decline in cattle numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. beef cow herd has been downsizing for 16 of the last 18 years,” Peel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, national herd numbers are the smallest they’ve been since the 1950s. That’s why \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/article/beef-herd-may-be-poised-growth-and-cheaper-steak\">shoppers are paying more than ever for beef\u003c/a> at the grocery store. Beef prices are up 10 percent in the last 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all beef states are experiencing equal declines. Northern states like Montana, Nebraska, Iowa, and the Dakotas have held steady or have even seen some growth in their cattle herds, even though many pastures have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/article/farmers-plowing-more-and-more-prairie\">plowed up to raise corn.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71815\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 241px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_truck-e1408567960506.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_truck-241x169.jpg\" alt=\"A feed truck drives along a concrete bunk in a cattle feedlot.\" width=\"241\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Van Housen Feed Yard in Stromsburg, Nebraska mixes 22 loads of feed every day, adding up to nearly 200 tons food for 8,000 cattle. (Photo by Grant Gerlock)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Following the feed\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many of those cattle have moved to Midwestern feedlots. This year, for the first time, Nebraska passed Texas as the top cattle-feeding state in the country. That is, Nebraska houses the most cattle in feedlots, which are generally the final step before they head to the slaughterhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main reason is a difference in feed prices. Feed costs are up in Texas, stoked by drought. But they’re relatively low in the Midwest, thanks to a byproduct of the region’s large ethanol industry -- distillers’ grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Distillers’ grains are the leftovers of corn ethanol production. Nebraska is second in the country in ethanol production, behind Iowa. When the starch is removed from the corn kernel to be fermented into fuel, the protein-rich fiber is left behind. But it can be used as an inexpensive ingredient in livestock feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71814\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 241px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_terry-e1408568049274.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71814\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/07/Cattle_terry-241x169.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle feeder, Terry Van Housen, holds a handful of yellow cattle feed in his hand.\" width=\"241\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terry Van Housen takes a handful of feed from the bunk at his feedlot. Lower feed costs give Nebraska an advantage in the cattle-feeding industry. (Photo by Grant Gerlock)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cattle feeder Terry Van Housen calls Nebraska the “garden spot for raising cattle.” At his feedlot near the small town of Stromsburg, 8,000 animals line up along two miles of concrete bunks to pile on the pounds. He has replaced 30 percent of his regular feed ration with distillers’ grains, the corn ethanol byproduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Housen gets the moist, yellow, sweet-smelling stuff fresh from an ethanol plant just 18 miles away. He says the cheap source of feed gives Midwestern feeders an edge over southern competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s a big deal,” Van Housen says. “A lot of this stuff, if you fed in Texas, it would have to come from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Van Housen says, it’s cheaper to haul the cattle to the feed than haul the feed to the cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Waiting for rain\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rebuilding herds in the areas of cattle country hit hardest by drought could take years, and that’s only once the grass is green again. For now, ranchers in Texas and California are watching and waiting for rain. Jeremy James of the University of California says producers want to see what will happen this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will tip the scale in either a good or bad trajectory,” James said. “If we had a fourth year of drought here, it would probably tax most of these ag systems beyond any sort of reasonable capacity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rain does come, cattle will return to the areas where they were forced out by drought. The question is how many? Those ranchers will be competing with areas that have gained from their climatic misfortune. And wherever those cattle start, when it’s time for them to bulk up before slaughter, states like Nebraska, with easy access to cheap feed, are likely to attract a larger share of the market.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/71671/drought-re-shaping-the-cattle-map","authors":["10231"],"categories":["quest_6","quest_9","quest_3229","quest_17","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_299","quest_438","quest_3502","quest_886","quest_12269","quest_12967","quest_12559","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_12354","quest_12968","quest_13364","quest_12966"],"featImg":"quest_71898","label":"source_quest_71671"},"quest_70297":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70297","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70297","score":null,"sort":[1407420036000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"shrimp-from-wisconsin-new-aquatic-farming-methods-are-making-it-possible","title":"Shrimp from Wisconsin? New Aquatic Farming Methods Are Making It Possible","publishDate":1407420036,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The aquaculture industry in Wisconsin could be in for a boost, as techniques for growing marine life in artificial ponds are leading to the state's first indoor shrimp farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every morning inside a big red building near downtown Westby, you'll find Forbes Adam feeding his 14,000 shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70376\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70376 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp3-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"These shrimp are about two months old. Forbes Adam gets the juveniles from Matt Weichers at Northern Iowa Shrimp, which raises the larvae in a hatchery. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These shrimp are about two months old. Forbes Adam gets the juveniles from Matt Weichers at Northern Iowa Shrimp, which raises the larvae in a hatchery. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We can feed them a little bit,” he said, shaking a protein feed into the tank. “Oh, here they come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small, translucent shrimp bop their way to the water's surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they're little, they're calm,” Adam said. “When they get older, they're flopping all over like crazy. Flopping around like... oh, there he goes!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003ca title=\"Dairyland Shrimp\" href=\"http://www.dairylandshrimp.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Dairyland Shrimp\u003c/a>, Wisconsin's first indoor shrimp farm. The heaters, fans, and water pumps hum loudly and keep the room at a balmy 93 degrees. Pacific white shrimp swim in four saltwater tanks that look like huge above-ground swimming pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam may be an unlikely farmer. The former excavating contractor was looking for a new line of work when he stumbled across the idea of inland shrimp farming. He eventually visited an Indiana shrimp farm and was instantly hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70378\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp7.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70378 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp7-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Three of Dairyland Shrimp's four tanks. Owner Forbes Adam hopes to triple the number of tanks he has over the year. (Maureen McCollum/WPR) \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three of Dairyland Shrimp's four tanks. Owner Forbes Adam hopes to triple the number of tanks he has over the year. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I bought a pound of shrimp down there and when I ate it, I was just blown away by the flavor. I've never tasted shrimp that tasted so good. That's what really solidified the idea that I should do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam isn't the first Wisconsin farmer to try shrimping, but he is the first to do it indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Johnson is an aquaculture outreach specialist with University of Wisconsin-Extension. He says Wisconsin farmers have tried to raise shrimp in outdoor ponds in the past, but the region's climate isn't ideal for operations. Johnson says it's always good for the industry when a farmer tries to raise a product in a new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shrimp is one of the highest consumed seafood products in the United States, so the markets are there,” Johnson said. “It's just a matter of whether the shrimp can be produced economically to make a profit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is profitable For Matt Weichers, who started Northern Iowa Shrimp in Cedar Falls last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm completely sold out of shrimp,” Weichers said, “and I'm unable to keep up with that demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weichers only sells to individuals; he doesn't have enough shrimp to sell to interested restaurants and markets. Northern Iowa Shrimp has 40 tanks, 10 times the number as Dairyland Shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weichers says a number of factors play into the growing demand for local seafood. Consumers are concerned about antibiotics and hormones commonly used at foreign shrimp farms. There's a shrimp disease sweeping farms in Southeast Asia and Mexico, and wild shrimp stocks are declining around the world. Weichers says indoor farming will help keep shrimp on the dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it's the only way it's sustainable in the long run,” Weichers said. “The demand for a high-quality, high-protein, and healthy food is doing nothing but going up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Dairyland Shrimp, Adam considers the industry's legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70377 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5.jpg\" alt=\"Forbes Adam says one of the reasons he started Dairyland Shrimp was to provide his family with a safer product that he trusted. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forbes Adam says one of the reasons he started Dairyland Shrimp was to provide his family with a safer product that he trusted. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don't know if it will be the wave of the future, but it definitely has the potential. I hope for the environment's sake it will be,” Adam said. “Not only for the environment, for just sustainable food and quality food, I think the United States does need more shrimp farms, absolutely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond high energy costs, Adam considers his operation to be environmentally sustainable. He recycles water in the tanks and there is very little wastewater. Shrimp live off of feed and biofloc, a bacteria that consumes the shrimp's waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam already has plans to expand Dairyland Shrimp this year. He will sell his products to local individuals and restaurants, and at the nearby farmers' market.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"High-quality, high-protein, and healthy shrimp are being grown indoors in Wisconsin, far from the seashore.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450495092,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":743},"headData":{"title":"Shrimp from Wisconsin? New Aquatic Farming Methods Are Making It Possible | KQED","description":"High-quality, high-protein, and healthy shrimp are being grown indoors in Wisconsin, far from the seashore.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Shrimp from Wisconsin? New Aquatic Farming Methods Are Making It Possible","datePublished":"2014-08-07T14:00:36.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:18:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70297 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70297","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/08/07/shrimp-from-wisconsin-new-aquatic-farming-methods-are-making-it-possible/","disqusTitle":"Shrimp from Wisconsin? New Aquatic Farming Methods Are Making It Possible","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/WI_SHRIMP-Final.mp3","path":"/quest/70297/shrimp-from-wisconsin-new-aquatic-farming-methods-are-making-it-possible","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The aquaculture industry in Wisconsin could be in for a boost, as techniques for growing marine life in artificial ponds are leading to the state's first indoor shrimp farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every morning inside a big red building near downtown Westby, you'll find Forbes Adam feeding his 14,000 shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70376\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70376 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp3-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"These shrimp are about two months old. Forbes Adam gets the juveniles from Matt Weichers at Northern Iowa Shrimp, which raises the larvae in a hatchery. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These shrimp are about two months old. Forbes Adam gets the juveniles from Matt Weichers at Northern Iowa Shrimp, which raises the larvae in a hatchery. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We can feed them a little bit,” he said, shaking a protein feed into the tank. “Oh, here they come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small, translucent shrimp bop their way to the water's surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they're little, they're calm,” Adam said. “When they get older, they're flopping all over like crazy. Flopping around like... oh, there he goes!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003ca title=\"Dairyland Shrimp\" href=\"http://www.dairylandshrimp.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Dairyland Shrimp\u003c/a>, Wisconsin's first indoor shrimp farm. The heaters, fans, and water pumps hum loudly and keep the room at a balmy 93 degrees. Pacific white shrimp swim in four saltwater tanks that look like huge above-ground swimming pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam may be an unlikely farmer. The former excavating contractor was looking for a new line of work when he stumbled across the idea of inland shrimp farming. He eventually visited an Indiana shrimp farm and was instantly hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70378\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp7.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70378 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp7-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Three of Dairyland Shrimp's four tanks. Owner Forbes Adam hopes to triple the number of tanks he has over the year. (Maureen McCollum/WPR) \" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three of Dairyland Shrimp's four tanks. Owner Forbes Adam hopes to triple the number of tanks he has over the year. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I bought a pound of shrimp down there and when I ate it, I was just blown away by the flavor. I've never tasted shrimp that tasted so good. That's what really solidified the idea that I should do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam isn't the first Wisconsin farmer to try shrimping, but he is the first to do it indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Johnson is an aquaculture outreach specialist with University of Wisconsin-Extension. He says Wisconsin farmers have tried to raise shrimp in outdoor ponds in the past, but the region's climate isn't ideal for operations. Johnson says it's always good for the industry when a farmer tries to raise a product in a new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shrimp is one of the highest consumed seafood products in the United States, so the markets are there,” Johnson said. “It's just a matter of whether the shrimp can be produced economically to make a profit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is profitable For Matt Weichers, who started Northern Iowa Shrimp in Cedar Falls last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm completely sold out of shrimp,” Weichers said, “and I'm unable to keep up with that demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weichers only sells to individuals; he doesn't have enough shrimp to sell to interested restaurants and markets. Northern Iowa Shrimp has 40 tanks, 10 times the number as Dairyland Shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weichers says a number of factors play into the growing demand for local seafood. Consumers are concerned about antibiotics and hormones commonly used at foreign shrimp farms. There's a shrimp disease sweeping farms in Southeast Asia and Mexico, and wild shrimp stocks are declining around the world. Weichers says indoor farming will help keep shrimp on the dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it's the only way it's sustainable in the long run,” Weichers said. “The demand for a high-quality, high-protein, and healthy food is doing nothing but going up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Dairyland Shrimp, Adam considers the industry's legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70377 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5.jpg\" alt=\"Forbes Adam says one of the reasons he started Dairyland Shrimp was to provide his family with a safer product that he trusted. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5.jpg 1448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/04/shrimp5-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forbes Adam says one of the reasons he started Dairyland Shrimp was to provide his family with a safer product that he trusted. (Maureen McCollum/WPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don't know if it will be the wave of the future, but it definitely has the potential. I hope for the environment's sake it will be,” Adam said. “Not only for the environment, for just sustainable food and quality food, I think the United States does need more shrimp farms, absolutely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond high energy costs, Adam considers his operation to be environmentally sustainable. He recycles water in the tanks and there is very little wastewater. Shrimp live off of feed and biofloc, a bacteria that consumes the shrimp's waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam already has plans to expand Dairyland Shrimp this year. He will sell his products to local individuals and restaurants, and at the nearby farmers' market.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70297/shrimp-from-wisconsin-new-aquatic-farming-methods-are-making-it-possible","authors":["10510"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_9912","quest_252","quest_12269","quest_3351","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_12355","quest_2625","quest_13364","quest_3795","quest_12836"],"featImg":"quest_70302","label":"source_quest_70297"},"quest_70493":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_70493","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"70493","score":null,"sort":[1403013629000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-skin-of-a-building-and-why-it-matters","title":"The Skin of a Building and Why it Matters","publishDate":1403013629,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Cleveland, like many cities, has a fleet of old, drafty buildings. These buildings are energy hogs and account for close to \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2009/06/02/working-toward-the-very-low-energy-consumption-building-of-the-future/\">half\u003c/a> of the nation’s overall greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama highlighted the building sector recently, announcing \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-6GW6ccLK0\">$2 billion\u003c/a> in energy upgrades to federal buildings, and many in the environmental community say we should be focusing on improving building performance across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71065\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Tremco-005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71065\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Tremco-005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tremco's chamber simulates stormy conditions to test whether building elements have a tight, waterproof seal.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tremco's chamber simulates stormy conditions to test whether building elements have a tight, waterproof seal.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To get a sense of how and why one might want to retrofit an older building, I climbed inside a local company’s test chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited \u003ca href=\"http://www.tremcoinc.com/\">Tremco’s\u003c/a> Sustainable Building Solutions Test Facility in Cleveland, Ohio, it was drizzling outside, but inside there was a full-on rainstorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at Tremco they focus on improving the\u003cstrong> skin\u003c/strong> of a building -- that is, its walls, windows, glazing, and basically everything that protects a building from, say, a rainstorm. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “A typical home in the U.S. today averages about a 15-square-foot hole,\" said Mattox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With a couple keystrokes, Tremco Manager Tim Mattox started simulating a heavy storm in their test chamber. The see-through chamber is skinny but tall, stretching up nearly to the ceiling of the warehouse. I can see sprinklers inside the chamber shooting water from every direction. Getting pummeled by this rainstorm is a test wall. They’re testing the ability of one of their silicone sheet products to provide a \u003ca href=\"https://www.opt-osfns.org/nycdsf/forms/custodians/Chapters/7_Caulking.pdf\">watertight seal\u003c/a> on a typical building gap, like one you might see around the edges of a window frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71069\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 188px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_0649.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71069\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_0649-188x253.jpg\" alt=\"Window gaps, like this one, can be a major source of air and water leakage.\" width=\"188\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Window gaps, like this one, can be a major source of air and water leakage.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buildings actually have a surprisingly large number of gaps, small stuff usually, but it really adds up. “A typical home in the U.S. today averages about a 15-square-foot hole in the inside of the house just because when you take the collective openings that are available to seal on any given home out there, that’s about what you’re getting -- a 15-foot hole,” said Mattox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t seal off building gaps, moisture can get in, cause mold growth, and rot your walls. A silicone sheet like the one getting drenched in the test chamber also prevents air from leaking out. Stopping air leaks is key to reducing a building’s overall energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattox eventually cuts the jets and prepares to simulate windy conditions and measure the movement of air through this silicone-sealed building gap. Bright-orange tubing feeds into the chamber like a scene out of \u003cstrong>The Matrix\u003c/strong>. “It’s running right now, so he’s pulling a vacuum, so you can sort of see the silicone sheet start to pull in,” said Mattox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital monitors show this gap is well sealed. The sheet’s doing its job and keeping air and water out of the simulated building gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Spiders have a tendency to build their webs in areas where there is a draft,” said Mattox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Tremco works mainly with commercial properties, but homeowners can benefit from a gap inspection as well, whether you do it yourself or call in a professional. Gaps can be found anywhere in a building, especially at joints where one material or part meets another. Mattox’s advice is to start with the low-hanging fruit: your doors and windows. Swap out old weather stripping, apply an exterior sealant around your windows, maybe stuff some “flex foam” in there, too. Basically find any crack or crevice and seal it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for a party trick, said Mattox, keep an eye out for spider webs. “Spiders have a tendency to build their webs in areas where there is a draft,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing this will go a long way toward greater energy efficiency and could save you a wad of cash. “Any time it rolls through a duct, you’re investing money into that air, and if you’re not containing that or controlling that airflow, you are throwing money literally out the window,” said Mattox. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s a big deal...It’s not just an energy issue, that can be a resiliency issue,\" said Kerr.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Laurie Kerr is the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityenergyproject.org/about/\">City Energy Project,\u003c/a> an initiative of the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Institute for Market Transformation. She says we don’t hear a lot about buildings, but in fact, nationally they’re responsible for about 40 percent of our carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a big deal...It’s not just an energy issue, that can be a resiliency issue. So if something happened, a big storm and it knocked out the electricity for the area, a building that has really good insulation and isn’t leaking is going to maintain its habitability a lot longer than one that doesn’t have a good building envelope, which is the wrapping of the building,” said Kerr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr says old buildings need checkups, just as people do when they’re under the weather. Calling in some house doctors -- a professional energy audit -- can be a good way to think through your options, such as sealants, roof insulation, lighting changes, and window and HVAC upgrades. An audit will give you a sense of what options would deliver the best return on investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like people, each older building is unique, and most could benefit from a performance boost.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Retrofitting the “skin” of an older building can save energy and money. Climb inside one company’s test chamber with QUEST Ohio to find out more. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450497918,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":945},"headData":{"title":"The Skin of a Building and Why it Matters | KQED","description":"Retrofitting the “skin” of an older building can save energy and money. Climb inside one company’s test chamber with QUEST Ohio to find out more. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Skin of a Building and Why it Matters","datePublished":"2014-06-17T14:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T04:05:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70493 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=70493","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/17/the-skin-of-a-building-and-why-it-matters/","disqusTitle":"The Skin of a Building and Why it Matters","source":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Buildings/Stream/buildingskinwithfunders.mp3","path":"/quest/70493/the-skin-of-a-building-and-why-it-matters","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cleveland, like many cities, has a fleet of old, drafty buildings. These buildings are energy hogs and account for close to \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2009/06/02/working-toward-the-very-low-energy-consumption-building-of-the-future/\">half\u003c/a> of the nation’s overall greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama highlighted the building sector recently, announcing \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-6GW6ccLK0\">$2 billion\u003c/a> in energy upgrades to federal buildings, and many in the environmental community say we should be focusing on improving building performance across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71065\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Tremco-005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-71065\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/Tremco-005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Tremco's chamber simulates stormy conditions to test whether building elements have a tight, waterproof seal.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tremco's chamber simulates stormy conditions to test whether building elements have a tight, waterproof seal.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To get a sense of how and why one might want to retrofit an older building, I climbed inside a local company’s test chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited \u003ca href=\"http://www.tremcoinc.com/\">Tremco’s\u003c/a> Sustainable Building Solutions Test Facility in Cleveland, Ohio, it was drizzling outside, but inside there was a full-on rainstorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at Tremco they focus on improving the\u003cstrong> skin\u003c/strong> of a building -- that is, its walls, windows, glazing, and basically everything that protects a building from, say, a rainstorm. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> “A typical home in the U.S. today averages about a 15-square-foot hole,\" said Mattox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With a couple keystrokes, Tremco Manager Tim Mattox started simulating a heavy storm in their test chamber. The see-through chamber is skinny but tall, stretching up nearly to the ceiling of the warehouse. I can see sprinklers inside the chamber shooting water from every direction. Getting pummeled by this rainstorm is a test wall. They’re testing the ability of one of their silicone sheet products to provide a \u003ca href=\"https://www.opt-osfns.org/nycdsf/forms/custodians/Chapters/7_Caulking.pdf\">watertight seal\u003c/a> on a typical building gap, like one you might see around the edges of a window frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71069\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 188px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_0649.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-71069\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/05/IMG_0649-188x253.jpg\" alt=\"Window gaps, like this one, can be a major source of air and water leakage.\" width=\"188\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Window gaps, like this one, can be a major source of air and water leakage.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buildings actually have a surprisingly large number of gaps, small stuff usually, but it really adds up. “A typical home in the U.S. today averages about a 15-square-foot hole in the inside of the house just because when you take the collective openings that are available to seal on any given home out there, that’s about what you’re getting -- a 15-foot hole,” said Mattox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t seal off building gaps, moisture can get in, cause mold growth, and rot your walls. A silicone sheet like the one getting drenched in the test chamber also prevents air from leaking out. Stopping air leaks is key to reducing a building’s overall energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mattox eventually cuts the jets and prepares to simulate windy conditions and measure the movement of air through this silicone-sealed building gap. Bright-orange tubing feeds into the chamber like a scene out of \u003cstrong>The Matrix\u003c/strong>. “It’s running right now, so he’s pulling a vacuum, so you can sort of see the silicone sheet start to pull in,” said Mattox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital monitors show this gap is well sealed. The sheet’s doing its job and keeping air and water out of the simulated building gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Spiders have a tendency to build their webs in areas where there is a draft,” said Mattox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Tremco works mainly with commercial properties, but homeowners can benefit from a gap inspection as well, whether you do it yourself or call in a professional. Gaps can be found anywhere in a building, especially at joints where one material or part meets another. Mattox’s advice is to start with the low-hanging fruit: your doors and windows. Swap out old weather stripping, apply an exterior sealant around your windows, maybe stuff some “flex foam” in there, too. Basically find any crack or crevice and seal it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for a party trick, said Mattox, keep an eye out for spider webs. “Spiders have a tendency to build their webs in areas where there is a draft,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing this will go a long way toward greater energy efficiency and could save you a wad of cash. “Any time it rolls through a duct, you’re investing money into that air, and if you’re not containing that or controlling that airflow, you are throwing money literally out the window,” said Mattox. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s a big deal...It’s not just an energy issue, that can be a resiliency issue,\" said Kerr.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Laurie Kerr is the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityenergyproject.org/about/\">City Energy Project,\u003c/a> an initiative of the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Institute for Market Transformation. She says we don’t hear a lot about buildings, but in fact, nationally they’re responsible for about 40 percent of our carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a big deal...It’s not just an energy issue, that can be a resiliency issue. So if something happened, a big storm and it knocked out the electricity for the area, a building that has really good insulation and isn’t leaking is going to maintain its habitability a lot longer than one that doesn’t have a good building envelope, which is the wrapping of the building,” said Kerr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr says old buildings need checkups, just as people do when they’re under the weather. Calling in some house doctors -- a professional energy audit -- can be a good way to think through your options, such as sealants, roof insulation, lighting changes, and window and HVAC upgrades. An audit will give you a sense of what options would deliver the best return on investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like people, each older building is unique, and most could benefit from a performance boost.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/70493/the-skin-of-a-building-and-why-it-matters","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_8","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_408","quest_12021","quest_987","quest_992","quest_12889","quest_12269","quest_12888","quest_2014","quest_10429","quest_12886","quest_12887","quest_12097"],"featImg":"quest_71068","label":"source_quest_70493"},"quest_58323":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_58323","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"58323","score":null,"sort":[1401976803000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden","title":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden","publishDate":1401976803,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’s springtime, and many people are putting on their gardening gloves and planting some tomatoes or maybe tulips in their backyard. But there’s another kind of garden that you might want to consider, especially if you live in a rainy place with old and overburdened sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what folks in Parma, Ohio, have done. The Cleveland suburb is a typical neighborhood with homes, lawns, and sidewalks, but there’s something missing: grass. Jen Greiser, a natural resource manager for the Cleveland Metroparks, explains that this is intentional. “For homeowners that signed on to the project, we installed what we call ‘right of way’ rain gardens, and so we worked with a contractor to take up the grass and dig some depressional planting beds and install some plants,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70839\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70839\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: wikimedia\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: Wikimedia\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project is one of many initiatives in this area and across the country that use plantings and greenery to help trap stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio is a rainy place, and all that water -- if not absorbed into the soil -- runs off, mixes with pollutants and sewage, overloads the wastewater treatment plants, and ends up spewing out untreated into Lake Erie. This isn’t a good thing for people or wildlife or the lake’s overall ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the key strategies for keeping stormwater out of the lake and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\">in the soil\u003c/a> is to create what’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwater.epa.gov%2Finfrastructure%2Fgreeninfrastructure%2Findex.cfm%23tabs-1\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater runoff can be stemmed on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">large scale \u003c/a>with stuff like urban trees, wetland protection, permeable pavement, and floodplain management. But it can also be done on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">smaller scale\u003c/a> by individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70835\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the spirit of springtime, the Metroparks’ Jen Greiser shared some tips with me on how to plant a backyard rain garden that can reduce local runoff and provide some attractive landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started she suggests a little observation during the next rainy day. “Just put on a raincoat, grab an umbrella, run outside, and stand out there for a little while,” said Greiser. Your neighbors might wonder what you’re doing, she warned, but don’t let that deter you. It’s important to find out where the water’s pooling up. This is the spot to plant your rain garden. And it doesn’t have to be huge: it can fit right into other landscaping schemes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, it’s time to get your hands dirty with some digging. “Instead of our traditional planting beds that are raised above the ground, we’re kind of flipping that over and we’re going to have a more bowl-shaped area for planting,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70840\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan-450x108.jpg\" alt=\"Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden.\" width=\"450\" height=\"108\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden. Photo credit: Wikimedia / Lee R. DeHaan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You want to fill out your bowl with plants that have deep root systems. Native grasses and shrubs take their roots deep into the ground, so they loosen up the soil and allow for more water to seep in. A mowed lawn, in comparison, has a really shallow root system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also pick deep-rooted ornamental plants, but watch out for the tastier varietals like \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_loca2.pdf\">cardinal flower\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_ecpu.pdf\">purple coneflower\u003c/a>, which Greiser says can just be deer candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also want to consider some soil amendments, especially if your soil contains a lot of clay. Mixing in some sand or compost helps water infiltrate through heavy clay. If your backyard soil is already pretty sandy, then a shallow rain garden should work just fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70841\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D-190x253.jpg\" alt=\"Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then wait for the rain. Your garden should soak up the water in just a day or two, so there’s no standing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greiser says backyards are an important part of overall stormwater management plans for areas like northeast Ohio, where residential parcels abound. “While they seem small in and of themselves, the residential areas make up such a great percentage of our land use here, so they’re really critical, and to the extent that we can get whole neighborhoods involved, it’s a cumulative effect,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities even offer incentives to residents who plant rain gardens in their yards. The Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2FI_Library.php%3Fa%3Ddownload_file%26LIBRARY_RECORD_ID%3D4725\">knock off 25 percent \u003c/a>from a homeowner’s stormwater fee (if and when\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fmetro%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F11%2Fsewer_district_officials_notif.html\"> those fees \u003c/a>resurface after ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2Fstormwaterprogram.php\">court battles)\u003c/a>. Other metropolitan areas, like cities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.rutgers.edu/Projects/RGRebate/RGRebate.html\">New Jersey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://rainwise.seattle.gov/city/seattle/overview\">Washington,\u003c/a> give a major rebate to cover the cost of a rain garden installation. One pilot program in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsciencematters%2Fjanuary2011%2Frainbarrels.htm\">Cincinnati \u003c/a>actually paid\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 254px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-70838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama-254x169.jpg\" alt=\"When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\" width=\"254\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>people to plant them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jen Greiser says would-be rain gardeners should aim to get their plants in during the spring to soak up all the May showers, though a fall planting would also work well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your green thumb is a little rusty, just remember to think like a raindrop and you can’t go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">Rain Garden Manual for Homeowners\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">A Homeowner’s Guide to Stormwater Management\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/maescapes/rain-gardens/plants-rain-gardens\">Rain Gardens - Plants\u003c/a>, from Penn State Extension\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.rainscaping.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.main/typeID/37/index.htm\">Rain Garden Plants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/I_Library.php?SOURCE=library/2011NR05b_Native-Plants-for-Horticultural-Plantings.pdf&a=download_file&LIBRARY_RECORD_ID=5791\">Ohio Native Plant Suggestions for Horticultural Plantings\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://blog.nwf.org/2014/03/your-backyard-a-stormwater-sponge/\">Your Backyard: A Stormwater Sponge\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This growing season, consider planting a different kind of garden, one that will sop up stormwater and take pressure off the sewage system.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450491390,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":982},"headData":{"title":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden | KQED","description":"This growing season, consider planting a different kind of garden, one that will sop up stormwater and take pressure off the sewage system.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden","datePublished":"2014-06-05T14:00:03.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T02:16:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58323 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58323","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/05/how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden/","disqusTitle":"How to Plant a Backyard Rain Garden","source":"Environment","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Rain+garden/Stream/raingardenswithfunders.mp3","path":"/quest/58323/how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s springtime, and many people are putting on their gardening gloves and planting some tomatoes or maybe tulips in their backyard. But there’s another kind of garden that you might want to consider, especially if you live in a rainy place with old and overburdened sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what folks in Parma, Ohio, have done. The Cleveland suburb is a typical neighborhood with homes, lawns, and sidewalks, but there’s something missing: grass. Jen Greiser, a natural resource manager for the Cleveland Metroparks, explains that this is intentional. “For homeowners that signed on to the project, we installed what we call ‘right of way’ rain gardens, and so we worked with a contractor to take up the grass and dig some depressional planting beds and install some plants,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70839\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70839\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Storm_Drain-from-wikimedia-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: wikimedia\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy rains can overload the sewers in some cities and cause raw sewage to enter waterways. Photo credit: Wikimedia\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project is one of many initiatives in this area and across the country that use plantings and greenery to help trap stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northeast Ohio is a rainy place, and all that water -- if not absorbed into the soil -- runs off, mixes with pollutants and sewage, overloads the wastewater treatment plants, and ends up spewing out untreated into Lake Erie. This isn’t a good thing for people or wildlife or the lake’s overall ecology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the key strategies for keeping stormwater out of the lake and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\">in the soil\u003c/a> is to create what’s called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwater.epa.gov%2Finfrastructure%2Fgreeninfrastructure%2Findex.cfm%23tabs-1\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater runoff can be stemmed on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">large scale \u003c/a>with stuff like urban trees, wetland protection, permeable pavement, and floodplain management. But it can also be done on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlct.org%2Fassets%2FResource%2FMiscellaneous%2FGreen-Infrastructure-2012-07-11.PDF\">smaller scale\u003c/a> by individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70835\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/purple-cone-flower-via-flickr-Karen-Blaha-378x253.jpg\" alt=\"Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\" width=\"378\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple Coneflowers, also known as Echinacea, are an attractive plant for a rain garden but watch out for deer, who love to munch them. Photo credit: Flickr / Karen Blaha\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the spirit of springtime, the Metroparks’ Jen Greiser shared some tips with me on how to plant a backyard rain garden that can reduce local runoff and provide some attractive landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started she suggests a little observation during the next rainy day. “Just put on a raincoat, grab an umbrella, run outside, and stand out there for a little while,” said Greiser. Your neighbors might wonder what you’re doing, she warned, but don’t let that deter you. It’s important to find out where the water’s pooling up. This is the spot to plant your rain garden. And it doesn’t have to be huge: it can fit right into other landscaping schemes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, it’s time to get your hands dirty with some digging. “Instead of our traditional planting beds that are raised above the ground, we’re kind of flipping that over and we’re going to have a more bowl-shaped area for planting,” said Greiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70840\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Switchgrass_roots-wikimedia-Lee-R.-DeHaan-450x108.jpg\" alt=\"Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden.\" width=\"450\" height=\"108\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants with deep root systems, like this switchgrass, are good choices for a backyard rain garden. Photo credit: Wikimedia / Lee R. DeHaan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You want to fill out your bowl with plants that have deep root systems. Native grasses and shrubs take their roots deep into the ground, so they loosen up the soil and allow for more water to seep in. A mowed lawn, in comparison, has a really shallow root system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also pick deep-rooted ornamental plants, but watch out for the tastier varietals like \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_loca2.pdf\">cardinal flower\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_ecpu.pdf\">purple coneflower\u003c/a>, which Greiser says can just be deer candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also want to consider some soil amendments, especially if your soil contains a lot of clay. Mixing in some sand or compost helps water infiltrate through heavy clay. If your backyard soil is already pretty sandy, then a shallow rain garden should work just fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70841\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 190px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-70841\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rain-barrel-flickr-Digi_D-190x253.jpg\" alt=\"Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\" width=\"190\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another option for controlling stormwater on your property is to place a rain barrel beneath the downspout of your gutter. The collected water can be used for watering plants or washing cars. Photo credit: Flickr / Digi_D\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then wait for the rain. Your garden should soak up the water in just a day or two, so there’s no standing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greiser says backyards are an important part of overall stormwater management plans for areas like northeast Ohio, where residential parcels abound. “While they seem small in and of themselves, the residential areas make up such a great percentage of our land use here, so they’re really critical, and to the extent that we can get whole neighborhoods involved, it’s a cumulative effect,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities even offer incentives to residents who plant rain gardens in their yards. The Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District will \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2FI_Library.php%3Fa%3Ddownload_file%26LIBRARY_RECORD_ID%3D4725\">knock off 25 percent \u003c/a>from a homeowner’s stormwater fee (if and when\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fmetro%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F11%2Fsewer_district_officials_notif.html\"> those fees \u003c/a>resurface after ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neorsd.org%2Fstormwaterprogram.php\">court battles)\u003c/a>. Other metropolitan areas, like cities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.rutgers.edu/Projects/RGRebate/RGRebate.html\">New Jersey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://rainwise.seattle.gov/city/seattle/overview\">Washington,\u003c/a> give a major rebate to cover the cost of a rain garden installation. One pilot program in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsciencematters%2Fjanuary2011%2Frainbarrels.htm\">Cincinnati \u003c/a>actually paid\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70838\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 254px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-70838\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/rainy-leaf-via-Pixabay-by-gama-254x169.jpg\" alt=\"When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\" width=\"254\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When in doubt, think like a rain drop. Wherever water pools up in your yard is the best spot to plant a rain garden. Photo credit: Pixabay / gama\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>people to plant them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jen Greiser says would-be rain gardeners should aim to get their plants in during the spring to soak up all the May showers, though a fall planting would also work well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your green thumb is a little rusty, just remember to think like a raindrop and you can’t go wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">Rain Garden Manual for Homeowners\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/Homeowners_Guide_Stormwater_Management.pdf\">A Homeowner’s Guide to Stormwater Management\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/maescapes/rain-gardens/plants-rain-gardens\">Rain Gardens - Plants\u003c/a>, from Penn State Extension\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.rainscaping.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/plants.main/typeID/37/index.htm\">Rain Garden Plants\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/I_Library.php?SOURCE=library/2011NR05b_Native-Plants-for-Horticultural-Plantings.pdf&a=download_file&LIBRARY_RECORD_ID=5791\">Ohio Native Plant Suggestions for Horticultural Plantings\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://blog.nwf.org/2014/03/your-backyard-a-stormwater-sponge/\">Your Backyard: A Stormwater Sponge\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58323/how-to-plant-a-backyard-rain-garden","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12879","quest_12269","quest_12698","quest_1939","quest_12878","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12693","quest_2598","quest_11130","quest_12880","quest_12697","quest_12097"],"featImg":"quest_70833","label":"source_quest_58323"},"quest_68141":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_68141","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"68141","score":null,"sort":[1398261649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"repairing-the-land-after-frac-sand-is-removed","title":"Repairing the Land After Frac Sand is Removed","publishDate":1398261649,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Just beneath the green, rolling hills of western Wisconsin lies a key ingredient feeding the energy boom across America: sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The durable sand that’s perfect for hydraulic fracturing is being mined faster than ever before, causing concern about what the land will look like after the rush ends. Now, researchers in a small western Wisconsin county are looking for the best ways to repair the land before the companies leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Sand.jpg\" alt=\"Sand particles being mined for use during hydraulic fracking. Photo credit: Aden (CC-BY-NC-ND)\" width=\"604\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69937\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Sand.jpg 604w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Sand-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sand particles being mined for use during hydraulic fracking. Photo credit: Aden (CC-BY-NC-ND)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At wells across the country, Wisconsin sand is mixed with water and chemicals and forced into rock formations at intense pressures. The process releases valuable oil and natural gas, in a process commonly known as “fracking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin law requires frac sand companies to show local governments how they’ll fill in their mines in a way that will avoid future soil erosion and runoff at the site – what the industry calls “reclamation.” Exactly how they do that is basically up to companies, leaving unanswered questions about how the soil is impacted by mining and how healthy it may be after a company moves out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to answer those questions, a first-of-its-kind study is underway in Chippewa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically removing the soil, we’re stockpiling it, we’re mining out material that’s below the soil and now we’re putting that soil back on the surface,” said Holly Dolliver, a soil scientist at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls and a lead researcher on the project. “Presumably, there’s going to be some changes that are going to happen to that soil when we scrape it off and stockpile it for a period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69939\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69939\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/FracSandConveyor-450x237.jpg\" alt=\"A conveyor belt carries sand to a processing center. Photo credit: Carol Mitchell (CC-BY-NC-ND) \" width=\"450\" height=\"237\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A conveyor belt carries sand to a processing center. Photo credit: Carol Mitchell (CC-BY-NC-ND)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To quantify those changes, Dolliver and a group of graduate students will spend this summer measuring soil before it's scraped away for mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be looking at the physical characteristics of the soil, we’ll be looking at the chemical characteristics, and we’ll be looking at the biological characteristics of the soil in that natural or native setting,” said Dolliver. “And, then with that data, we’re going to be able to look at that soil after it’s been reclaimed and actually be able to quantify what those changes are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolliver and her team will establish test plots where they’ll add varying levels of nutrients like manure and agricultural lime to see which promotes better biological activity and plant growth. But she says one of the most unique parts of the study will be determining whether fine clays and silts – currently considered waste by frac sand companies – can be used to improve water retention in reclaimed soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To our knowledge, no one has ever attempted to look at using the fines in the reclamation process,” said Dolliver. “Like all waste materials that get generated, we’re trying to find a beneficial use for this material.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69940\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/SandPile-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"A pile of frac sand awaits processing. Photo credit: Tegan Wendland/Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pile of frac sand awaits processing. Photo credit: Tegan Wendland/Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most of the frac sand mines in Wisconsin were built after 2010, Badger Mining Company, based in the city of Berlin, has been mining and reclaiming land for more than 30 years. Marty Lehman, an associate with Badger, says reclamation is a learning process and that he’s excited to see what the Chippewa County study will find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a great opportunity to help develop new techniques,” said Lehman. “They’ll have ideas that maybe we didn’t have. They’ll try things that maybe we didn’t try. We’ll have experience and hands-on examples of what can be done, or what we tried that didn’t work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Masterpole is the director of the Chippewa County Land Conservation and Forest Management Department, which is sponsoring the reclamation study. He says the\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>overall goal is to find best practices that companies across Wisconsin can use to make sure thousands of acres of land slated for mining can become productive again after companies have moved on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until now we have very limited experiences, collectively, in reclamation,” said Masterpole. “There have been a couple companies that have a pretty good track record, but for many of us reclamation means just getting a site stabilized. But we think that we need to be able to move beyond that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chippewa County land reclamation study will last five years, with additional soil monitoring expected well into the future.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In Wisconsin, sand that’s perfect for hydraulic fracturing is being mined faster than ever before. But what will the land look like after the rush ends?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450498187,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":813},"headData":{"title":"Repairing the Land After Frac Sand is Removed | KQED","description":"In Wisconsin, sand that’s perfect for hydraulic fracturing is being mined faster than ever before. But what will the land look like after the rush ends?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Repairing the Land After Frac Sand is Removed","datePublished":"2014-04-23T14:00:49.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T04:09:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"68141 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68141","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/23/repairing-the-land-after-frac-sand-is-removed/","disqusTitle":"Repairing the Land After Frac Sand is Removed","source":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/Fracsandweb.mp3","path":"/quest/68141/repairing-the-land-after-frac-sand-is-removed","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just beneath the green, rolling hills of western Wisconsin lies a key ingredient feeding the energy boom across America: sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The durable sand that’s perfect for hydraulic fracturing is being mined faster than ever before, causing concern about what the land will look like after the rush ends. Now, researchers in a small western Wisconsin county are looking for the best ways to repair the land before the companies leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 604px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Sand.jpg\" alt=\"Sand particles being mined for use during hydraulic fracking. Photo credit: Aden (CC-BY-NC-ND)\" width=\"604\" height=\"453\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69937\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Sand.jpg 604w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Sand-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sand particles being mined for use during hydraulic fracking. Photo credit: Aden (CC-BY-NC-ND)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At wells across the country, Wisconsin sand is mixed with water and chemicals and forced into rock formations at intense pressures. The process releases valuable oil and natural gas, in a process commonly known as “fracking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin law requires frac sand companies to show local governments how they’ll fill in their mines in a way that will avoid future soil erosion and runoff at the site – what the industry calls “reclamation.” Exactly how they do that is basically up to companies, leaving unanswered questions about how the soil is impacted by mining and how healthy it may be after a company moves out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to answer those questions, a first-of-its-kind study is underway in Chippewa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically removing the soil, we’re stockpiling it, we’re mining out material that’s below the soil and now we’re putting that soil back on the surface,” said Holly Dolliver, a soil scientist at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls and a lead researcher on the project. “Presumably, there’s going to be some changes that are going to happen to that soil when we scrape it off and stockpile it for a period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69939\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69939\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/FracSandConveyor-450x237.jpg\" alt=\"A conveyor belt carries sand to a processing center. Photo credit: Carol Mitchell (CC-BY-NC-ND) \" width=\"450\" height=\"237\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A conveyor belt carries sand to a processing center. Photo credit: Carol Mitchell (CC-BY-NC-ND)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To quantify those changes, Dolliver and a group of graduate students will spend this summer measuring soil before it's scraped away for mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be looking at the physical characteristics of the soil, we’ll be looking at the chemical characteristics, and we’ll be looking at the biological characteristics of the soil in that natural or native setting,” said Dolliver. “And, then with that data, we’re going to be able to look at that soil after it’s been reclaimed and actually be able to quantify what those changes are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolliver and her team will establish test plots where they’ll add varying levels of nutrients like manure and agricultural lime to see which promotes better biological activity and plant growth. But she says one of the most unique parts of the study will be determining whether fine clays and silts – currently considered waste by frac sand companies – can be used to improve water retention in reclaimed soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To our knowledge, no one has ever attempted to look at using the fines in the reclamation process,” said Dolliver. “Like all waste materials that get generated, we’re trying to find a beneficial use for this material.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69940\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-69940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/SandPile-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"A pile of frac sand awaits processing. Photo credit: Tegan Wendland/Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pile of frac sand awaits processing. Photo credit: Tegan Wendland/Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While most of the frac sand mines in Wisconsin were built after 2010, Badger Mining Company, based in the city of Berlin, has been mining and reclaiming land for more than 30 years. Marty Lehman, an associate with Badger, says reclamation is a learning process and that he’s excited to see what the Chippewa County study will find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a great opportunity to help develop new techniques,” said Lehman. “They’ll have ideas that maybe we didn’t have. They’ll try things that maybe we didn’t try. We’ll have experience and hands-on examples of what can be done, or what we tried that didn’t work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Masterpole is the director of the Chippewa County Land Conservation and Forest Management Department, which is sponsoring the reclamation study. He says the\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>overall goal is to find best practices that companies across Wisconsin can use to make sure thousands of acres of land slated for mining can become productive again after companies have moved on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until now we have very limited experiences, collectively, in reclamation,” said Masterpole. “There have been a couple companies that have a pretty good track record, but for many of us reclamation means just getting a site stabilized. But we think that we need to be able to move beyond that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chippewa County land reclamation study will last five years, with additional soil monitoring expected well into the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/68141/repairing-the-land-after-frac-sand-is-removed","authors":["10509"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12835","quest_12269","quest_10979","quest_3351","quest_12837","quest_1832","quest_2349","quest_12355","quest_10164","quest_12836"],"featImg":"quest_69962","label":"source_quest_68141"},"quest_64700":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_64700","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"64700","score":null,"sort":[1393513231000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"getting-the-munchies-for-hemp","title":"Getting the Munchies for Hemp","publishDate":1393513231,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Cannabis has been in the news recently, with states like Colorado and Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\">legalizing\u003c/a> the recreational use of marijuana. But the cannabis plant is surprisingly versatile, and drugs aren’t the only thing produced from it. Paper, fabric, rope, animal bedding, and even building materials can all be made from cannabis that’s bred to have no drug value. This form of cannabis is called hemp, and one industry where it’s gaining a loyal following is food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young entrepreneur Jeremy Koosed has built a business around hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tucked into a strip mall in Lyndhurst, Ohio, \u003ca href=\"https://www.plantkingdombakery.com/cleves-snaction-heroes-plant-kingdom-outpost-w-no-whey-vegan-chocolates\">Plant Kingdom Bakery and Snackery\u003c/a> doesn’t sell your typical snacks. Instead, the shelves are lined with items like Coconut Currant Hemp Bar, Lemon-Salted Hemp Seeds, and the popular Goo Ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67660 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065-e1392841584864-422x360.jpg\" alt=\"Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee Laura B mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream\" width=\"338\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee \u003cspan class=\"irc_su\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\">Lauren Berlekamp mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. \u003cbr>\u003c/span>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hemp is at the heart of the operation here, and owner Koosed serves it up in baked goods as well as on its own. “We sell hemp seeds and toasted seeds and crunchy seeds, the seed oil and shelled hemp seeds and hemp protein,” said Koosed, who could go on at length about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pinterest.com/hippiebutter/hemp-seed-recipes/\">various ways\u003c/a> to make use of hemp, such as on salads or in granola, pudding, dips, and smoothies. Once shelled, he says the seeds are really soft and pleasantly nutty. “It can really fit into any kind of dish -- salads or raw food preparations, or you can…mildly pan toast them with some potato salad, for instance. That’s really good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another topic close to Koosed’s heart is the health \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868018/\">benefits\u003c/a> of hemp. He calls them a protein powerhouse. “When the shell's taken off the seeds, it's 33% protein by volume and a source for those good omegas,” he said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/omega-3/\">omega-3 fatty acids\u003c/a> present in hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland Clinic dietician \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/digestive_diseases/departments-centers/center-human-nutrition/nutrition-therapy.aspx\">Laura Jeffers\u003c/a> agrees. She sees patients with food intolerances like \u003ca href=\"http://celiac.org/\">celiac disease\u003c/a>. With their high protein content, healthy fats, fiber, and anti-inflammatory properties, she says hemp seeds are a good bang for your buck. “They’re a great way to get all that in easily, and there’s not a whole lot of calories or extra things that you have to worry about,” said Jeffers, who now recommends them to her patients with food sensitivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appetite for hemp products is on the rise, and for now foreign countries are filling the demand. The U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.votehemp.com/PDF/RL32725-20130724.pdf\">imported\u003c/a> more than $11 million worth of raw hemp materials -- mostly food -- in 2011, compared to just $2 million in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67659\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67659 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074-e1392841796689-552x360.jpg\" alt=\"An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream.\" width=\"398\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.examiner.com/article/dr-oz-explains-how-hemp-seed-boosts-memory-with-omegas-vegan-granola-recipe\">Dr. Oz\u003c/a> turned his followers on to the power of the hemp seed, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.costcoconnection.com/connection/201301?pg=42#pg42\">Costco\u003c/a> now sells them in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many contend that in addition to their health appeal, there are significant environmental benefits to hemp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very robust crop,” said Jonathan Page, an adjunct professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ubc.ca/\">University of British Columbia\u003c/a> who \u003ca href=\"http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/10/R102\">studies\u003c/a> the cannabis plant. “It has a vitality that allows it to survive in difficult conditions with insects and fungi and other pests,” he said, adding that it’s such a fast-growing crop it can outcompete many weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hemp dominates an area, said Page, and requires little herbicide or pesticide. It can grow in a\u003ca href=\"http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2221530/hemp_the_energy_and_industrial_crop_of_the_future.html\"> broad range of climates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how it differs from its drug cousin, Page said they’re the same species -- \u003cstrong>Cannabis sativa\u003c/strong>. “The difference is purely chemical,” he said. Hemp has been bred to have very low levels of \u003ca href=\"http://adai.uw.edu/marijuana/factsheets/potency.htm\">THC\u003c/a>, which is the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. So it’s impossible \u003ca href=\"http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/id/QAA345325\">to get high\u003c/a> from eating hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More people stateside are curious to tap into hemp’s potential, though efforts have been stymied by federal laws that prohibit hemp farming. Things are changing, however. The recently passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/01/27/hemp-farm-raised-fish-food-labels-and-food-stamps-whats-in-the-farm-bill/\">farm bill\u003c/a> gives farmers the green light to grow hemp on pilot sites in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx\">states\u003c/a> that already have pro-hemp laws on the books. “Hemp is in a real resurgence, and it’s primarily on the food side,” said Page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67661 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cannabis_sativa_plant_%2810%29.JPG , http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Chmee2\" width=\"389\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close look at the cannabis plant. Credit: Petr Brož\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many national farm groups support hemp legislation, including a recent endorsement from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kentucky.com/2014/01/22/3046585/american-farm-bureau-calls-for.html\">American Farm Bureau\u003c/a>. Here in Ohio supporters are hoping to bring the issue to voters as a ballot amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Plant Kingdom, owner Jeremy Koosed would like to source his product locally. He hopes the laws around American hemp production change because he thinks the plant could be useful to so many industries, not just food but textiles, body care, and biofuel. “We want this resource to be the subject of innovation,” said Koosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now his customers are happy to crunch on Canadian seeds in their newfound favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"More people are turning to hemp seeds as a source of healthy fats and protein, and as a sustainable crop.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450497859,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":832},"headData":{"title":"Getting the Munchies for Hemp | KQED","description":"More people are turning to hemp seeds as a source of healthy fats and protein, and as a sustainable crop.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Getting the Munchies for Hemp","datePublished":"2014-02-27T15:00:31.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T04:04:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"64700 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=64700","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/27/getting-the-munchies-for-hemp/","disqusTitle":"Getting the Munchies for Hemp","source":"Health","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/health/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Hemp/Stream/hempwithfundertag.mp3","path":"/quest/64700/getting-the-munchies-for-hemp","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cannabis has been in the news recently, with states like Colorado and Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\">legalizing\u003c/a> the recreational use of marijuana. But the cannabis plant is surprisingly versatile, and drugs aren’t the only thing produced from it. Paper, fabric, rope, animal bedding, and even building materials can all be made from cannabis that’s bred to have no drug value. This form of cannabis is called hemp, and one industry where it’s gaining a loyal following is food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young entrepreneur Jeremy Koosed has built a business around hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tucked into a strip mall in Lyndhurst, Ohio, \u003ca href=\"https://www.plantkingdombakery.com/cleves-snaction-heroes-plant-kingdom-outpost-w-no-whey-vegan-chocolates\">Plant Kingdom Bakery and Snackery\u003c/a> doesn’t sell your typical snacks. Instead, the shelves are lined with items like Coconut Currant Hemp Bar, Lemon-Salted Hemp Seeds, and the popular Goo Ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67660 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-065-e1392841584864-422x360.jpg\" alt=\"Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee Laura B mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream\" width=\"338\" height=\"288\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plant Kingdom owner Jeremy Koosed and employee \u003cspan class=\"irc_su\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left\">Lauren Berlekamp mix ingredients for hemp-based baked goods. \u003cbr>\u003c/span>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hemp is at the heart of the operation here, and owner Koosed serves it up in baked goods as well as on its own. “We sell hemp seeds and toasted seeds and crunchy seeds, the seed oil and shelled hemp seeds and hemp protein,” said Koosed, who could go on at length about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pinterest.com/hippiebutter/hemp-seed-recipes/\">various ways\u003c/a> to make use of hemp, such as on salads or in granola, pudding, dips, and smoothies. Once shelled, he says the seeds are really soft and pleasantly nutty. “It can really fit into any kind of dish -- salads or raw food preparations, or you can…mildly pan toast them with some potato salad, for instance. That’s really good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another topic close to Koosed’s heart is the health \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868018/\">benefits\u003c/a> of hemp. He calls them a protein powerhouse. “When the shell's taken off the seeds, it's 33% protein by volume and a source for those good omegas,” he said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/omega-3/\">omega-3 fatty acids\u003c/a> present in hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleveland Clinic dietician \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/digestive_diseases/departments-centers/center-human-nutrition/nutrition-therapy.aspx\">Laura Jeffers\u003c/a> agrees. She sees patients with food intolerances like \u003ca href=\"http://celiac.org/\">celiac disease\u003c/a>. With their high protein content, healthy fats, fiber, and anti-inflammatory properties, she says hemp seeds are a good bang for your buck. “They’re a great way to get all that in easily, and there’s not a whole lot of calories or extra things that you have to worry about,” said Jeffers, who now recommends them to her patients with food sensitivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appetite for hemp products is on the rise, and for now foreign countries are filling the demand. The U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.votehemp.com/PDF/RL32725-20130724.pdf\">imported\u003c/a> more than $11 million worth of raw hemp materials -- mostly food -- in 2011, compared to just $2 million in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67659\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67659 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Hemp-074-e1392841796689-552x360.jpg\" alt=\"An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks. Credit: Anne Glausser, ideastream.\" width=\"398\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An assortment of Plant Kingdom snacks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.examiner.com/article/dr-oz-explains-how-hemp-seed-boosts-memory-with-omegas-vegan-granola-recipe\">Dr. Oz\u003c/a> turned his followers on to the power of the hemp seed, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.costcoconnection.com/connection/201301?pg=42#pg42\">Costco\u003c/a> now sells them in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many contend that in addition to their health appeal, there are significant environmental benefits to hemp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very robust crop,” said Jonathan Page, an adjunct professor at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ubc.ca/\">University of British Columbia\u003c/a> who \u003ca href=\"http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/10/R102\">studies\u003c/a> the cannabis plant. “It has a vitality that allows it to survive in difficult conditions with insects and fungi and other pests,” he said, adding that it’s such a fast-growing crop it can outcompete many weeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hemp dominates an area, said Page, and requires little herbicide or pesticide. It can grow in a\u003ca href=\"http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2221530/hemp_the_energy_and_industrial_crop_of_the_future.html\"> broad range of climates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how it differs from its drug cousin, Page said they’re the same species -- \u003cstrong>Cannabis sativa\u003c/strong>. “The difference is purely chemical,” he said. Hemp has been bred to have very low levels of \u003ca href=\"http://adai.uw.edu/marijuana/factsheets/potency.htm\">THC\u003c/a>, which is the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. So it’s impossible \u003ca href=\"http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/id/QAA345325\">to get high\u003c/a> from eating hemp seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More people stateside are curious to tap into hemp’s potential, though efforts have been stymied by federal laws that prohibit hemp farming. Things are changing, however. The recently passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/01/27/hemp-farm-raised-fish-food-labels-and-food-stamps-whats-in-the-farm-bill/\">farm bill\u003c/a> gives farmers the green light to grow hemp on pilot sites in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx\">states\u003c/a> that already have pro-hemp laws on the books. “Hemp is in a real resurgence, and it’s primarily on the food side,” said Page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 389px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67661 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Cannabis_sativa_plant_10-540x360.jpg\" alt=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cannabis_sativa_plant_%2810%29.JPG , http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Chmee2\" width=\"389\" height=\"259\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close look at the cannabis plant. Credit: Petr Brož\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many national farm groups support hemp legislation, including a recent endorsement from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kentucky.com/2014/01/22/3046585/american-farm-bureau-calls-for.html\">American Farm Bureau\u003c/a>. Here in Ohio supporters are hoping to bring the issue to voters as a ballot amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Plant Kingdom, owner Jeremy Koosed would like to source his product locally. He hopes the laws around American hemp production change because he thinks the plant could be useful to so many industries, not just food but textiles, body care, and biofuel. “We want this resource to be the subject of innovation,” said Koosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now his customers are happy to crunch on Canadian seeds in their newfound favorite snacks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/64700/getting-the-munchies-for-hemp","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_12","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_12629","quest_830","quest_12630","quest_12269","quest_13201","quest_12627","quest_10327","quest_12626","quest_12631","quest_1733","quest_2065","quest_12625","quest_10429","quest_12450","quest_9913","quest_13364","quest_13365","quest_12644"],"featImg":"quest_67676","label":"source_quest_64700"},"quest_62860":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_62860","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"62860","score":null,"sort":[1385564434000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"saving-water-for-cranberry-production","title":"Cranberry Producers Strive to Save Water","publishDate":1385564434,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Wisconsin produces the largest amount of cranberries in the U.S. In fact, half of the world's supply of the fruit comes from the state. It takes a lot of water to grow the tart red fruit, so in order to ensure the survival of their industry, cranberry producers have undergone technological upgrades to help conserve water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is vital to every aspect of cranberry production. Most of it is used to irrigate the crop in the large, rectangular beds, called “bogs” or “marshes,” in which the fruit grows. When it's time for harvest, farmers flood the beds to float the bright red cranberries, making them easier to pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cranberry producers flood the beds again in winter to encase the vines in ice for protection, and again in the spring to kill off any pests. Water is constantly cycling from the beds to the farm's retention ponds to natural rivers.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/cranbogs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-64192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/cranbogs-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"B\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca title=\"Prehn Cranberry Farm\" href=\"http://www.Prehncranberry.com\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Prehn's farm\u003c/a> outside of \u003ca title=\"Tomah, Wisconsin\" href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=11400+County+Hwy+N,+Tomah,+WI+54660&sll=44.003403,-90.448553&sspn=0.174348,0.307961&ie=UTF8&hq=11400+County+Hwy&hnear=North+Tomah,+WI&ll=44.017509,-90.402718&spn=0.174306,0.307961&z=12\" target=\"_blank\">Tomah \u003c/a>in southwest Wisconsin, harvest season is wrapping up. Water is draining from the beds back into the public waters. “Basically, this goes down to the Lemonweir River,\" Prehn explained. “It's our main water source.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn is like many producers in Wisconsin who are switching over to a more efficient farming operation. He says installing technology that monitors the temperature and moisture in the soil has made the biggest difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn is also a dentist, but when he's not on his farm he can check on his cranberries from his office by a computer or smart phone app. “I sit between my patients in Wausau, when I'm not down here, and I can watch the soil monitor. I can see it go down and I make a phone call. Of course, my staff all has iPads and they're basically watching it, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn says the technology has drastically cut back on the amount of watering, since they know exactly how much moisture is in the soil. That also saves on fuel and energy used to pump water into the beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, a University of Wisconsin study found that 57 percent of producers are now using soil-monitoring programs. That's up more than 20 percent from four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn says his farm had its best cranberry yield ever this year. Perfect weather and good workers are a big part of that, “but I really think it's because we're putting on the right amount of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Dentist and cranberry farmer Fred Prehn stands along the Lemonweir River, the main water source for his cranberry operation. Prehn and his staff use what they need and return the water to the river when they're finished. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-64028\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dentist and cranberry farmer Fred Prehn stands along the Lemonweir River, the main water source for his cranberry operation. Prehn and his staff use what they need and return the water to the river when they're finished. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just a few miles away, third-generation cranberry grower Ed Grygleski drives his pickup truck around his cranberry beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's also taken steps to reduce the amount of water used on his family's farm, but it's hard to tell how much water they've saved. That's because cranberry growers are regularly reusing water from nearby streams and retention ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We use a lot of water, but we are on watersheds and the water is there regardless if we're there or not and it flows through our marsh,” Grygleski said. \"We use it to irrigate and flood, and return it back to the same water source.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grygleski says if nutrients are applied to the beds, producers hold the treated water in a reservoir until it's safe to return to the rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cranberry farmers have a pretty good deal with Wisconsin. A 140-year-old state law allows cranberry producers to use and dam the water for free on their property. Most growers say they don't want to abuse that, so they do their best to conserve their water sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're also paying attention to how water supplies are running low in some parts of the country. Although dwindling water supplies are not a problem in most of Wisconsin, producers are doing what they can to make sure they always have water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64029\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64029\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMnicoleandbill-2-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cranberry Creek Cranberries' plant health manager Nicole Hanson and owner Bill Hatch stand between a water reservoir and a freshly harvest cranberry bed near Necedah. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranberry Creek Cranberries' plant health manager Nicole Hanson and owner Bill Hatch stand between a water reservoir and a freshly harvest cranberry bed near Necedah. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nicole Hanson serves on a number of agriculture and sustainability boards and is the plant health manager at Cranberry Creek Cranberries, one of the largest producers in the state. “Because the nation is very concerned about water, as an industry, absolutely we want to be proactive,\" Hanson said. “One of the amazing things about the cranberry industry is the fact that the industry is very progressive, very involved in trying to stay ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s one more way they’re looking ahead. Like many other producers, Hanson wants to make sure there's enough water so her children can work on the same cranberry farm.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Water is used in every aspect of cranberry production. Wisconsin cranberry producers are using soil temperature monitoring technology to help conserve water. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450496481,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":841},"headData":{"title":"Cranberry Producers Strive to Save Water | KQED","description":"Water is used in every aspect of cranberry production. Wisconsin cranberry producers are using soil temperature monitoring technology to help conserve water. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cranberry Producers Strive to Save Water","datePublished":"2013-11-27T15:00:34.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:41:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"62860 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=62860","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/27/saving-water-for-cranberry-production/","disqusTitle":"Cranberry Producers Strive to Save Water","source":"Water","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/water/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/CRANBERRIESQUEST.mp3","path":"/quest/62860/saving-water-for-cranberry-production","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wisconsin produces the largest amount of cranberries in the U.S. In fact, half of the world's supply of the fruit comes from the state. It takes a lot of water to grow the tart red fruit, so in order to ensure the survival of their industry, cranberry producers have undergone technological upgrades to help conserve water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is vital to every aspect of cranberry production. Most of it is used to irrigate the crop in the large, rectangular beds, called “bogs” or “marshes,” in which the fruit grows. When it's time for harvest, farmers flood the beds to float the bright red cranberries, making them easier to pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cranberry producers flood the beds again in winter to encase the vines in ice for protection, and again in the spring to kill off any pests. Water is constantly cycling from the beds to the farm's retention ponds to natural rivers.\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/cranbogs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-64192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/cranbogs-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"B\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca title=\"Prehn Cranberry Farm\" href=\"http://www.Prehncranberry.com\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Prehn's farm\u003c/a> outside of \u003ca title=\"Tomah, Wisconsin\" href=\"https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=11400+County+Hwy+N,+Tomah,+WI+54660&sll=44.003403,-90.448553&sspn=0.174348,0.307961&ie=UTF8&hq=11400+County+Hwy&hnear=North+Tomah,+WI&ll=44.017509,-90.402718&spn=0.174306,0.307961&z=12\" target=\"_blank\">Tomah \u003c/a>in southwest Wisconsin, harvest season is wrapping up. Water is draining from the beds back into the public waters. “Basically, this goes down to the Lemonweir River,\" Prehn explained. “It's our main water source.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn is like many producers in Wisconsin who are switching over to a more efficient farming operation. He says installing technology that monitors the temperature and moisture in the soil has made the biggest difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn is also a dentist, but when he's not on his farm he can check on his cranberries from his office by a computer or smart phone app. “I sit between my patients in Wausau, when I'm not down here, and I can watch the soil monitor. I can see it go down and I make a phone call. Of course, my staff all has iPads and they're basically watching it, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn says the technology has drastically cut back on the amount of watering, since they know exactly how much moisture is in the soil. That also saves on fuel and energy used to pump water into the beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, a University of Wisconsin study found that 57 percent of producers are now using soil-monitoring programs. That's up more than 20 percent from four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prehn says his farm had its best cranberry yield ever this year. Perfect weather and good workers are a big part of that, “but I really think it's because we're putting on the right amount of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-1440x1080.jpg\" alt=\"Dentist and cranberry farmer Fred Prehn stands along the Lemonweir River, the main water source for his cranberry operation. Prehn and his staff use what they need and return the water to the river when they're finished. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-64028\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMprehm-2.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dentist and cranberry farmer Fred Prehn stands along the Lemonweir River, the main water source for his cranberry operation. Prehn and his staff use what they need and return the water to the river when they're finished. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just a few miles away, third-generation cranberry grower Ed Grygleski drives his pickup truck around his cranberry beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's also taken steps to reduce the amount of water used on his family's farm, but it's hard to tell how much water they've saved. That's because cranberry growers are regularly reusing water from nearby streams and retention ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We use a lot of water, but we are on watersheds and the water is there regardless if we're there or not and it flows through our marsh,” Grygleski said. \"We use it to irrigate and flood, and return it back to the same water source.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grygleski says if nutrients are applied to the beds, producers hold the treated water in a reservoir until it's safe to return to the rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cranberry farmers have a pretty good deal with Wisconsin. A 140-year-old state law allows cranberry producers to use and dam the water for free on their property. Most growers say they don't want to abuse that, so they do their best to conserve their water sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're also paying attention to how water supplies are running low in some parts of the country. Although dwindling water supplies are not a problem in most of Wisconsin, producers are doing what they can to make sure they always have water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64029\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64029\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/MMnicoleandbill-2-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Cranberry Creek Cranberries' plant health manager Nicole Hanson and owner Bill Hatch stand between a water reservoir and a freshly harvest cranberry bed near Necedah. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cranberry Creek Cranberries' plant health manager Nicole Hanson and owner Bill Hatch stand between a water reservoir and a freshly harvest cranberry bed near Necedah. Photo Credit: Maureen McCollum/WPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nicole Hanson serves on a number of agriculture and sustainability boards and is the plant health manager at Cranberry Creek Cranberries, one of the largest producers in the state. “Because the nation is very concerned about water, as an industry, absolutely we want to be proactive,\" Hanson said. “One of the amazing things about the cranberry industry is the fact that the industry is very progressive, very involved in trying to stay ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s one more way they’re looking ahead. Like many other producers, Hanson wants to make sure there's enough water so her children can work on the same cranberry farm.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/62860/saving-water-for-cranberry-production","authors":["10510"],"categories":["quest_9","quest_3229","quest_17","quest_11766"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_720","quest_12269","quest_12451","quest_12355","quest_2692","quest_12450","quest_13364","quest_2884","quest_10559"],"featImg":"quest_64191","label":"source_quest_62860"},"quest_63215":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_63215","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"63215","score":null,"sort":[1385391649000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"from-cheese-to-energy","title":"From Cheese to Energy","publishDate":1385391649,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Wisconsin dominates when it comes to cheese production. In 2012, the state produced nearly three billion pounds, a quarter of all the cheese made in the U.S. With that cheese comes a lot of waste in the form of nutrient rich, milky water which is spread over farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 10 percent of the milk used by cheese makers turns into actual cheese. That leaves a lot of milky wastewater – something like the milky water you're left with when you rinse out an empty glass but on a much bigger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If done incorrectly, the wastewater can pollute rivers and lakes. But a startup company in the small village of Turtle Lake Wisconsin is now turning that waste into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Comstock Creamery\" href=\"http://media.eatwisconsincheese.com/resources/wi_cheese_company_search/companydetail.aspx?companyid=11&companyinfoid=21\" target=\"_blank\">Comstock Creamery\u003c/a> is a small cheese producer in western Wisconsin. Assistant Executive Manager Tom Messicci said they produce about 50,000 gallons of wastewater per day that needs to be either treated or spread over farm fields as a low grade fertilizer. Since they can’t afford a treatment plant, he said, they’ve been sending their waste to the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64001\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/RKtrucks-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. \" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. Photo credit: Rich Kremer, Wisconsin Public Radio\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We did land spreading and we used Northern Liquid Waste Management to do that for us, but that became problematic with regulations,” said Messicci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land spreading is tightly regulated by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The wastewater has high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen that could run off into nearby lakes and streams, causing oxygen depletion and blooms of noxious algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of \u003ca title=\"Turtle Lake, Wisconsin\" href=\"http://www.mapquest.com/maps?city=Turtle%20Lake&state=WI\" target=\"_blank\">Turtle Lake\u003c/a>, a startup company called \u003ca title=\"Greenwhey Energy\" href=\"http://greenwheyenergy.com/\" target=\"_blank\">GreenWhey Energy \u003c/a>is using wastewater from Comstock Creamery and other cheese plants to make natural gas, and produce electricity for the local grid, as well as heat. The $30 million construction project, which included green-energy tax credits and loans, wrapped up this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece is what’s called an “upflow anearobic digester.” Eric Ludy, a lab technician and son of one of the company’s founders, pointed to a huge concrete wall laced with dozens of large pipes. “The whole plant is built around two two-million gallon reactors,” he said. “So, behind this wall … there’s four million gallons of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is filled with anaerobic bacteria that eat the dairy wastewater and produce methane gas. Ludy said the gas is treated and eventually powers two 20-cylinder generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like massive locomotive engines and that’s basically what they are,” said Ludy. “They’re powered entirely on biogas, which is a mix of methane and carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other materials like hydrogen sulfide, and they pump out about 3.2 megawatts of electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dairy plants, meat processors, and even breweries have their own biodigesters. In Milwaukee, the Forest County Potawatomi tribe has just started operating a biodigester that's similar to GreenWhey's but smaller. But co-founder Tom Ludy said his is the first privately owned company to contract for multiple sources of food wastes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also do soy waste from soy protein,” said Ludy. “We do mustards and dressings and horseradish waste food products here –-several different ones besides dairy. But dairy is the main one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Ludy could start GreenWhey, he had to buy his bacteria –- which he calls “bugs” –- in the form of feed sludge from a brewery in La Crosse and a meatpacking plant in Green Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secret is, the more you put in to start with, the less time it takes to start,” said Ludy. “So, we hauled in here as much as we could afford and now we are going through our startup process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GreenWhey is running at about 50 percent capacity as they wait for their bacteria to reproduce. But they’re already having a big impact on the area. Ludy said they’re keeping hundreds of thousands of gallons of wastewater off the ground every day. He also said testing shows that they’re keeping about 1,000 pounds of phosphorus from getting into rivers and lakes each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking to the future, Ludy hopes to make and sell excess natural gas, sell heat to nearby cheese plants, and process their leftover sludge to make fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As America’s obsession with cheese continues to grow, so do the possibilities of turning leftover waste, once considered a liability, into a valuable commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Wisconsin produces a quarter of all the cheese made in the United States. Since only about ten percent of the milk becomes cheese, there is an abundance of milky-water waste. Comstock Creamery and GreenWhey Energy have teamed up to turn this wastewater into natural gas and electricity.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450497669,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":779},"headData":{"title":"From Cheese to Energy | KQED","description":"Wisconsin produces a quarter of all the cheese made in the United States. Since only about ten percent of the milk becomes cheese, there is an abundance of milky-water waste. Comstock Creamery and GreenWhey Energy have teamed up to turn this wastewater into natural gas and electricity.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"From Cheese to Energy","datePublished":"2013-11-25T15:00:49.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T04:01:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"63215 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63215","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/25/from-cheese-to-energy/","disqusTitle":"From Cheese to Energy","source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/food/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Wisconsin/Radio/Stream/GREENWHEYQUEST.mp3","path":"/quest/63215/from-cheese-to-energy","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wisconsin dominates when it comes to cheese production. In 2012, the state produced nearly three billion pounds, a quarter of all the cheese made in the U.S. With that cheese comes a lot of waste in the form of nutrient rich, milky water which is spread over farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 10 percent of the milk used by cheese makers turns into actual cheese. That leaves a lot of milky wastewater – something like the milky water you're left with when you rinse out an empty glass but on a much bigger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If done incorrectly, the wastewater can pollute rivers and lakes. But a startup company in the small village of Turtle Lake Wisconsin is now turning that waste into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Comstock Creamery\" href=\"http://media.eatwisconsincheese.com/resources/wi_cheese_company_search/companydetail.aspx?companyid=11&companyinfoid=21\" target=\"_blank\">Comstock Creamery\u003c/a> is a small cheese producer in western Wisconsin. Assistant Executive Manager Tom Messicci said they produce about 50,000 gallons of wastewater per day that needs to be either treated or spread over farm fields as a low grade fertilizer. Since they can’t afford a treatment plant, he said, they’ve been sending their waste to the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_64001\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-64001\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/11/RKtrucks-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. \" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two 5,000 gallon tanker trucks deliver cheese plant wastewater to GreenWhey Energy. Photo credit: Rich Kremer, Wisconsin Public Radio\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We did land spreading and we used Northern Liquid Waste Management to do that for us, but that became problematic with regulations,” said Messicci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land spreading is tightly regulated by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The wastewater has high levels of phosphorus and nitrogen that could run off into nearby lakes and streams, causing oxygen depletion and blooms of noxious algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of \u003ca title=\"Turtle Lake, Wisconsin\" href=\"http://www.mapquest.com/maps?city=Turtle%20Lake&state=WI\" target=\"_blank\">Turtle Lake\u003c/a>, a startup company called \u003ca title=\"Greenwhey Energy\" href=\"http://greenwheyenergy.com/\" target=\"_blank\">GreenWhey Energy \u003c/a>is using wastewater from Comstock Creamery and other cheese plants to make natural gas, and produce electricity for the local grid, as well as heat. The $30 million construction project, which included green-energy tax credits and loans, wrapped up this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece is what’s called an “upflow anearobic digester.” Eric Ludy, a lab technician and son of one of the company’s founders, pointed to a huge concrete wall laced with dozens of large pipes. “The whole plant is built around two two-million gallon reactors,” he said. “So, behind this wall … there’s four million gallons of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is filled with anaerobic bacteria that eat the dairy wastewater and produce methane gas. Ludy said the gas is treated and eventually powers two 20-cylinder generators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like massive locomotive engines and that’s basically what they are,” said Ludy. “They’re powered entirely on biogas, which is a mix of methane and carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other materials like hydrogen sulfide, and they pump out about 3.2 megawatts of electricity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some dairy plants, meat processors, and even breweries have their own biodigesters. In Milwaukee, the Forest County Potawatomi tribe has just started operating a biodigester that's similar to GreenWhey's but smaller. But co-founder Tom Ludy said his is the first privately owned company to contract for multiple sources of food wastes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also do soy waste from soy protein,” said Ludy. “We do mustards and dressings and horseradish waste food products here –-several different ones besides dairy. But dairy is the main one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Ludy could start GreenWhey, he had to buy his bacteria –- which he calls “bugs” –- in the form of feed sludge from a brewery in La Crosse and a meatpacking plant in Green Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secret is, the more you put in to start with, the less time it takes to start,” said Ludy. “So, we hauled in here as much as we could afford and now we are going through our startup process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GreenWhey is running at about 50 percent capacity as they wait for their bacteria to reproduce. But they’re already having a big impact on the area. Ludy said they’re keeping hundreds of thousands of gallons of wastewater off the ground every day. He also said testing shows that they’re keeping about 1,000 pounds of phosphorus from getting into rivers and lakes each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking to the future, Ludy hopes to make and sell excess natural gas, sell heat to nearby cheese plants, and process their leftover sludge to make fertilizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As America’s obsession with cheese continues to grow, so do the possibilities of turning leftover waste, once considered a liability, into a valuable commodity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/63215/from-cheese-to-energy","authors":["10509"],"categories":["quest_11765","quest_3229","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_12452","quest_252","quest_3505","quest_12453","quest_755","quest_984","quest_12269","quest_12454","quest_12392","quest_12355","quest_13364","quest_3106"],"featImg":"quest_64121","label":"source_quest_63215"},"quest_58900":{"type":"posts","id":"quest_58900","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"quest","id":"58900","score":null,"sort":[1385046021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","title":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","publishDate":1385046021,"format":"audio","headTitle":"QUEST | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Most people think of bats only as cave-dwelling night creatures that sometimes mistake your attic for a hideout. But bats don’t spend all their time in winter hibernation or asleep in dark, dusty corners. In fact, where they spend their waking hours matters a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> are trying to help protect the bat’s vital role in the ecosystem by answering the question: where do bats like to spend the summer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August I joined lead researcher and \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/?ar_a=1\">GIS \u003c/a>expert August Froehlich at dusk near a soybean field in Norwalk, Ohio. We were there to check out some bats in their summer digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shagbark hickory used as a roost by an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indiana. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This shagbark hickory is the roost site for a colony of Indiana bats. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since bat calls aren’t audible to the human ear, Froehlich’s team uses a \u003ca href=\"http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/cllamas/lessons/science/bats/batsounds.htm\">bat detector\u003c/a> that translates the calls into audible chirps. He was looking for the bat “hotspots.” Where were the bats hanging out? This is important to know because bat mothers raise their pups during the summer, and protecting these spots is crucial to the survival of the species. And bats aren’t doing so well. Hit hard by \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Notes-From-The-Field-Blog/45.aspx#.UnJ2IBD3PKd\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, bat populations are in decline in Ohio and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Froehlich’s team has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/RFP/Documents/Clarifications2014-04/04_IndianaBat_TNC_WhitePaper.pdf\">bat map\u003c/a> to predict summer habitat, especially that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/inbafctsht.pdf\">endangered Indiana bat. \u003c/a> “All large development projects, road projects, anything that requires a permit, basically, has to check to make sure if they’re going to impact Indiana bat habitat,” said Froehlich. Thus, developers end up spending inordinate amounts of time and money trying to make sure that they’re not hurting the Indiana bat. “This project is an attempt to try to get ahead of that,” he said, so that they can better understand the habitat needs of the endangered bat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the map’s accuracy, Froehlich spent his summer on late-night car trips, like the one he invited me to join. Hazards on and driving slowly, we waited to hear the chirps. As we drove back and forth along the Huron River, it took some time for the bat detector to light up. When we approached a bridge over a forested river crossing, Froehlich stopped and put a finger to his lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we paused on the bridge, the hiss of the wind against the detector’s microphone slowly gave way to a chorus of faint chirps. Bats were out and breakfasting. Back in the lab, Froehlich will be able to analyze the digital sound recordings to discern the species of bats we heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the bat map is to identify areas like this. It factors in proximity to agricultural land, woods, development, and more. This information can then be used as a guide for prioritizing which spots to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63580\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing bats from a distance I wanted to see some up close, so I met with naturalist Tim Krynak and Baby, his rescue bat who now educates visitors to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Home.aspx\">Cleveland Metroparks. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, Baby looked like a flying mouse with really distinct feet, but Krynak hates to hear him (or any other bat, for that matter) described like that. Kryank has a real soft spot for his favorite creature, and it saddens him to see the widespread decline of their populations, especially since bats provide a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.caves.org/WNS/WNS%20Kunz%20April%205%20%202011.pdf\">ecosystem services \u003c/a>that benefit humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are the prime controller of night-flying insects, he said, eating nearly their whole body weight in bugs every night. “A lot of those night-flying insects humans consider ‘pests,’ so by helping the bat population, we're helping control these night-flying insects, which then relates to our plants at home as well as our agricultural community,” said Krynak. He cited a recent study from Texas-based Bat Conservation International that found a colony of big brown bats controlled pests on a 100-acre farm as effectively as pesticides. “It's better for the environment, cheaper for the farmers just by encouraging bats in their area,” said Krynak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats also help regenerate forests, disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and keep the entire ecosystem in good health. Their guano makes good fertilizer, and they have even been a help to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63795\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Karen Hallberg is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Columbus, Ohio. The Nature Conservancy’s bat map research lands on her desk. It’s her job to work with developers to minimize impacts to the endangered Indiana bat. They’ll take this research into consideration when making land-use decisions. “It’s going to be one of the many tools we use to evaluate these project impacts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also work like a swing vote. “We will look at this model in a special situation where it’s difficult to make a decision whether impacts are likely or not,” said Hallberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that protecting bat habitat has a ripple effect. It doesn’t just benefit the bats but also improves stream quality, nutrient cycling, and other important natural functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental science disputes the bats’ bad public wrap: far from being creepy “flying mice,” they are in fact a vital part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want to relocate a colony from your attic, or encourage bats in your neighborhood? Learn how to build your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/BatBoxPlanForIN.pdf\">backyard bat box.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Bats help humans in a variety of ways, but their populations are declining across the country. Now researchers have created a “bat map” to help save them. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450494560,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":964},"headData":{"title":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats | KQED","description":"Bats help humans in a variety of ways, but their populations are declining across the country. Now researchers have created a “bat map” to help save them. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","datePublished":"2013-11-21T15:00:21.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T03:09:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58900 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58900","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/11/21/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats/","disqusTitle":"Protecting Summer Hang-Outs For Bats","source":"Biology","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/","audioUrl":"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Bat+Map/Stream/bat+map+stream+mp3+with+funders.mp3","path":"/quest/58900/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most people think of bats only as cave-dwelling night creatures that sometimes mistake your attic for a hideout. But bats don’t spend all their time in winter hibernation or asleep in dark, dusty corners. In fact, where they spend their waking hours matters a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> are trying to help protect the bat’s vital role in the ecosystem by answering the question: where do bats like to spend the summer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August I joined lead researcher and \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/?ar_a=1\">GIS \u003c/a>expert August Froehlich at dusk near a soybean field in Norwalk, Ohio. We were there to check out some bats in their summer digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/FWS-roost-tree-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shagbark hickory used as a roost by an Indiana bat maternity colony in Indiana. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This shagbark hickory is the roost site for a colony of Indiana bats. Credit: Joey Weber, Indiana State University\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since bat calls aren’t audible to the human ear, Froehlich’s team uses a \u003ca href=\"http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/cllamas/lessons/science/bats/batsounds.htm\">bat detector\u003c/a> that translates the calls into audible chirps. He was looking for the bat “hotspots.” Where were the bats hanging out? This is important to know because bat mothers raise their pups during the summer, and protecting these spots is crucial to the survival of the species. And bats aren’t doing so well. Hit hard by \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Notes-From-The-Field-Blog/45.aspx#.UnJ2IBD3PKd\">white-nose syndrome\u003c/a>, bat populations are in decline in Ohio and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Froehlich’s team has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/RFP/Documents/Clarifications2014-04/04_IndianaBat_TNC_WhitePaper.pdf\">bat map\u003c/a> to predict summer habitat, especially that of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/inbafctsht.pdf\">endangered Indiana bat. \u003c/a> “All large development projects, road projects, anything that requires a permit, basically, has to check to make sure if they’re going to impact Indiana bat habitat,” said Froehlich. Thus, developers end up spending inordinate amounts of time and money trying to make sure that they’re not hurting the Indiana bat. “This project is an attempt to try to get ahead of that,” he said, so that they can better understand the habitat needs of the endangered bat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the map’s accuracy, Froehlich spent his summer on late-night car trips, like the one he invited me to join. Hazards on and driving slowly, we waited to hear the chirps. As we drove back and forth along the Huron River, it took some time for the bat detector to light up. When we approached a bridge over a forested river crossing, Froehlich stopped and put a finger to his lips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we paused on the bridge, the hiss of the wind against the detector’s microphone slowly gave way to a chorus of faint chirps. Bats were out and breakfasting. Back in the lab, Froehlich will be able to analyze the digital sound recordings to discern the species of bats we heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the bat map is to identify areas like this. It factors in proximity to agricultural land, woods, development, and more. This information can then be used as a guide for prioritizing which spots to protect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63580\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-019-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Krynak, a naturalist at the Cleveland Metroparks, holds Baby, a rescued brown bat.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After hearing bats from a distance I wanted to see some up close, so I met with naturalist Tim Krynak and Baby, his rescue bat who now educates visitors to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/Main/Home.aspx\">Cleveland Metroparks. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, Baby looked like a flying mouse with really distinct feet, but Krynak hates to hear him (or any other bat, for that matter) described like that. Kryank has a real soft spot for his favorite creature, and it saddens him to see the widespread decline of their populations, especially since bats provide a lot of \u003ca href=\"http://www.caves.org/WNS/WNS%20Kunz%20April%205%20%202011.pdf\">ecosystem services \u003c/a>that benefit humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats are the prime controller of night-flying insects, he said, eating nearly their whole body weight in bugs every night. “A lot of those night-flying insects humans consider ‘pests,’ so by helping the bat population, we're helping control these night-flying insects, which then relates to our plants at home as well as our agricultural community,” said Krynak. He cited a recent study from Texas-based Bat Conservation International that found a colony of big brown bats controlled pests on a 100-acre farm as effectively as pesticides. “It's better for the environment, cheaper for the farmers just by encouraging bats in their area,” said Krynak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bats also help regenerate forests, disperse seeds, pollinate flowers, and keep the entire ecosystem in good health. Their guano makes good fertilizer, and they have even been a help to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63795\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-63795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Bats-028-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bat skeleton is on display at the Cleveland Metroparks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Karen Hallberg is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Columbus, Ohio. The Nature Conservancy’s bat map research lands on her desk. It’s her job to work with developers to minimize impacts to the endangered Indiana bat. They’ll take this research into consideration when making land-use decisions. “It’s going to be one of the many tools we use to evaluate these project impacts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also work like a swing vote. “We will look at this model in a special situation where it’s difficult to make a decision whether impacts are likely or not,” said Hallberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that protecting bat habitat has a ripple effect. It doesn’t just benefit the bats but also improves stream quality, nutrient cycling, and other important natural functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental science disputes the bats’ bad public wrap: far from being creepy “flying mice,” they are in fact a vital part of a healthy ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want to relocate a colony from your attic, or encourage bats in your neighborhood? Learn how to build your own \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Endangered/mammals/inba/pdf/BatBoxPlanForIN.pdf\">backyard bat box.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/quest/58900/protecting-summer-hang-outs-for-bats","authors":["10270"],"categories":["quest_4","quest_9","quest_17"],"tags":["quest_252","quest_280","quest_326","quest_12269","quest_10327","quest_12426","quest_2141","quest_2349","quest_10429","quest_12425","quest_12212"],"featImg":"quest_63788","label":"source_quest_58900"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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