Northern California Tribe to Get Back 125 Acres of Ancestral Land Stolen During Gold Rush
'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key
Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River
In the Klamath River Basin, Water Rights Are Personal
Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone?
Will the Klamath River Be Renewed? Owner Applies to Remove 4 of 5 Dams
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","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-400x257.jpg","width":400,"height":257,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-800x514.jpg","width":800,"height":514,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-1920x1233.jpg","width":1920,"height":1233,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-1920x1233.jpg","width":1920,"height":1233,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-1180x758.jpg","width":1180,"height":758,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-960x617.jpg","width":960,"height":617,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"jmtc-small-thumb":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam-280x150.jpg","width":280,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/09/IronGateDam.jpg","width":1920,"height":1233}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_news_11980053":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11980053","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11980053","name":"Julie Watson\u003cbr>Associated Press","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11888051":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11888051","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11888051","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/leeromney?lang=en\">Lee Romney\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11180060":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11180060","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11180060","name":" Molly Peterson","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11099678":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11099678","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11099678","name":"Molly Peterson ","isLoading":false},"lmorehouse":{"type":"authors","id":"3229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3229","found":true},"name":"Lisa Morehouse","firstName":"Lisa","lastName":"Morehouse","slug":"lmorehouse","email":"morehouse.lisa@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lisa Morehouse is an award-winning public radio and print journalist, who has filed for National Public Radio, American Public Media, KQED Public Radio, Edutopia, and McSweeney’s. Her reporting has taken her from Samoan traveling circuses to Mississippi Delta classrooms to the homes of Lao refugees in rural Iowa. In addition to reporting, she teaches radio production to at-risk youth in the Bay Area. Her series \u003ca href=\"http://afterthegoldrushradio.com/\">After the Gold Rush\u003c/a> featured the changing industries, populations and identities of rural towns throughout California. She’s now producing \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, a series exploring the intersections of food, culture, economics, history and labor. Follow along on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/californiafoodways?ref=hl\">Facebook page\u003c/a> or on Twitter @cafoodways.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lisa Morehouse | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lmorehouse"},"mpeterson":{"type":"authors","id":"11223","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11223","found":true},"name":"Molly Peterson","firstName":"Molly","lastName":"Peterson","slug":"mpeterson","email":"mpeterson@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Molly Peterson reports for KQED science and news on climate change, catastrophe and risk. Previously she was environment correspondent at Southern California Public Radio. Her work has also appeared at The New York Times, The Guardian, on NPR, at High Country News, on Code Switch, and other national outlets. She has been honored with awards from Public Radio News Directors Incorporated, Investigative Reporters and Editors, the Society for Professional Journalists, the Los Angeles Press Club, and RTNDA Edward R. Murrow awards, among others.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"Mollydacious","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/radiomolly/","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Molly Peterson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7908e2807131f776cc8165c649530b05?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mpeterson"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11980053":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11980053","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11980053","score":null,"sort":[1710950416000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"northern-california-tribe-to-get-back-125-acres-of-ancestral-land-stolen-during-gold-rush","title":"Northern California Tribe to Get Back 125 Acres of Ancestral Land Stolen During Gold Rush","publishDate":1710950416,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Northern California Tribe to Get Back 125 Acres of Ancestral Land Stolen During Gold Rush | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California’s Yurok Tribe, which had 90% of its territory taken from it during the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s, will be getting a slice of its land back to serve as a new gateway to Redwood National and State Parks visited by 1 million people a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok will be the first Native people to manage tribal land with the National Park Service under a historic memorandum of understanding signed Tuesday by the tribe, Redwood National and State Parks and the nonprofit Save the Redwoods League.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement “starts the process of changing the narrative about how, by whom and for whom we steward natural lands,” Sam Hodder, president and CEO of Save the Redwoods League, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe will take ownership in 2026 of 125 acres near the tiny Northern California community of Orick in Humboldt County after restoration of a local tributary, Prairie Creek, is complete under the deal. The site will introduce visitors to Yurok customs, culture and history, the tribe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area is home to the world’s tallest trees — some reaching more than 350 feet. It’s about a mile from the Pacific coast and adjacent to the Redwood National and State Parks, which includes one national park and three California state parks totaling nearly 132,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The return of the land — named ’O Rew in the Yurok Language — more than a century after it was stolen from California’s largest tribe is proof of the “sheer will and perseverance of the Yurok people,” said Rosie Clayburn, the tribe’s cultural resources director. “We kind of don’t give up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Rosie Clayburn, cultural resources director, Yurok Tribe\"]‘This is work that we’ve always done, and continued to fight for, but I feel like the rest of world is catching up right now and starting to see that Native people know how to manage this land the best.’[/pullquote]For the tribe, redwoods are considered living beings and traditionally only fallen trees have been used to build their homes and canoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the original stewards of this land, we look forward to working together with the Redwood National and State Parks to manage it,” Clayburn said. “This is work that we’ve always done, and continued to fight for, but I feel like the rest of world is catching up right now and starting to see that Native people know how to manage this land the best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property is at the heart of the tribe’s ancestral land and was taken in the 1800s to exploit its old-growth redwoods and other natural resources, the tribe said. Save the Redwoods League bought the property in 2013 and began working with the tribe and others to restore it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the property was paved over by a lumber operation that worked there for 50 years and also buried Prairie Creek, where salmon would swim upstream from the Pacific to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing Land Back movement has been returning Indigenous homelands to the descendants of those who lived there for millennia before European settlers arrived. That has seen Native American tribes taking a greater role in restoring rivers and lands to how they were before they were expropriated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a 2.2-acre parking lot \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/berkeley-tribal-land-returned-b310527bcaba81fcbbc9fd9f6ff0af93\">was returned to the Ohlone people\u003c/a> where they established the first human settlement beside San Francisco Bay 5,700 years ago. In 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-environment-and-nature-forests-california-native-americans-00156ebf0d5a16eea463b3944e828e8b\">more than 500 acres\u003c/a> of redwood forest on the Lost Coast were returned the InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council, a group of 10 tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ’O Rew property represents just a tiny fraction of the more than 500,000 acres of the ancestral land of the Yurok, whose reservation straddles the lower 44 miles of the Klamath River. The Yurok tribe is also helping lead efforts in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-california-native-americans-dams-salmon-311ea96fda0fe1b0052ab8cef9ae36a9\">largest dam removal project\u003c/a> in U.S. history along the California-Oregon border to restore the Klamath and boost the salmon population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101894121,news_11966087,news_11979268,forum_2010101892718\"]Plans for ‘O Rew include a traditional Yurok village of redwood plank houses and a sweat house. There also will be a new visitor and cultural center displaying scores of sacred artefacts from deerskins to baskets that have been returned to the tribe from university and museum collections, Clayburn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center, which will include information on the redwoods and forest restoration, also will serve as a hub for the tribe to carry out their traditions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will add more than a mile of new trails, including a new segment of the California Coastal Trail, with interpretive exhibits. The trails will connect to many of the existing trails inside the parks, including to popular old-growth redwood groves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe had already been restoring salmon habitat for three years on the property, building a meandering stream channel, two connected ponds and about 20 acres of floodplain while dismantling a defunct mill site. Crews also planted more than 50,000 native plants, including grass-like slough sedge, black cottonwood and coast redwood trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salmon were once abundant in rivers and streams running through these redwood forests, But dams, logging, development and drought — due in part to climate change — have destroyed the waterways and threatened many of these species. Last year recreational and commercial king salmon fishing seasons \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/salmon-fishing-ban-chinook-west-coast-fd818fb1489834d5f8f9371818178b11\">were closed\u003c/a> along much of the West Coast due to near-record low numbers of the iconic fish returning to their spawning grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of juvenile coho and chinook salmon and steelhead have already returned to Prairie Creek along with red-legged frogs, northwestern salamanders, waterfowl and other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods National Park Superintendent Steve Mietz praised the restoration of the area and its return to the tribe, saying it is “healing the land while healing the relationships among all the people who inhabit this magnificent forest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Yurok Tribe in Humboldt County signed an agreement with the California and National Park Service and will get back the land by 2026, as part of the growing Land Back movement.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710895127,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1017},"headData":{"title":"Northern California Tribe to Get Back 125 Acres of Ancestral Land Stolen During Gold Rush | KQED","description":"The Yurok Tribe in Humboldt County signed an agreement with the California and National Park Service and will get back the land by 2026, as part of the growing Land Back movement.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Northern California Tribe to Get Back 125 Acres of Ancestral Land Stolen During Gold Rush","datePublished":"2024-03-20T16:00:16.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-20T00:38:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Julie Watson\u003cbr>Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11980053/northern-california-tribe-to-get-back-125-acres-of-ancestral-land-stolen-during-gold-rush","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Yurok Tribe, which had 90% of its territory taken from it during the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s, will be getting a slice of its land back to serve as a new gateway to Redwood National and State Parks visited by 1 million people a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok will be the first Native people to manage tribal land with the National Park Service under a historic memorandum of understanding signed Tuesday by the tribe, Redwood National and State Parks and the nonprofit Save the Redwoods League.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement “starts the process of changing the narrative about how, by whom and for whom we steward natural lands,” Sam Hodder, president and CEO of Save the Redwoods League, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe will take ownership in 2026 of 125 acres near the tiny Northern California community of Orick in Humboldt County after restoration of a local tributary, Prairie Creek, is complete under the deal. The site will introduce visitors to Yurok customs, culture and history, the tribe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area is home to the world’s tallest trees — some reaching more than 350 feet. It’s about a mile from the Pacific coast and adjacent to the Redwood National and State Parks, which includes one national park and three California state parks totaling nearly 132,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The return of the land — named ’O Rew in the Yurok Language — more than a century after it was stolen from California’s largest tribe is proof of the “sheer will and perseverance of the Yurok people,” said Rosie Clayburn, the tribe’s cultural resources director. “We kind of don’t give up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘This is work that we’ve always done, and continued to fight for, but I feel like the rest of world is catching up right now and starting to see that Native people know how to manage this land the best.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Rosie Clayburn, cultural resources director, Yurok Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For the tribe, redwoods are considered living beings and traditionally only fallen trees have been used to build their homes and canoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the original stewards of this land, we look forward to working together with the Redwood National and State Parks to manage it,” Clayburn said. “This is work that we’ve always done, and continued to fight for, but I feel like the rest of world is catching up right now and starting to see that Native people know how to manage this land the best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property is at the heart of the tribe’s ancestral land and was taken in the 1800s to exploit its old-growth redwoods and other natural resources, the tribe said. Save the Redwoods League bought the property in 2013 and began working with the tribe and others to restore it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the property was paved over by a lumber operation that worked there for 50 years and also buried Prairie Creek, where salmon would swim upstream from the Pacific to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing Land Back movement has been returning Indigenous homelands to the descendants of those who lived there for millennia before European settlers arrived. That has seen Native American tribes taking a greater role in restoring rivers and lands to how they were before they were expropriated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a 2.2-acre parking lot \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/berkeley-tribal-land-returned-b310527bcaba81fcbbc9fd9f6ff0af93\">was returned to the Ohlone people\u003c/a> where they established the first human settlement beside San Francisco Bay 5,700 years ago. In 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-environment-and-nature-forests-california-native-americans-00156ebf0d5a16eea463b3944e828e8b\">more than 500 acres\u003c/a> of redwood forest on the Lost Coast were returned the InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council, a group of 10 tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ’O Rew property represents just a tiny fraction of the more than 500,000 acres of the ancestral land of the Yurok, whose reservation straddles the lower 44 miles of the Klamath River. The Yurok tribe is also helping lead efforts in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-california-native-americans-dams-salmon-311ea96fda0fe1b0052ab8cef9ae36a9\">largest dam removal project\u003c/a> in U.S. history along the California-Oregon border to restore the Klamath and boost the salmon population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"forum_2010101894121,news_11966087,news_11979268,forum_2010101892718"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Plans for ‘O Rew include a traditional Yurok village of redwood plank houses and a sweat house. There also will be a new visitor and cultural center displaying scores of sacred artefacts from deerskins to baskets that have been returned to the tribe from university and museum collections, Clayburn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center, which will include information on the redwoods and forest restoration, also will serve as a hub for the tribe to carry out their traditions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will add more than a mile of new trails, including a new segment of the California Coastal Trail, with interpretive exhibits. The trails will connect to many of the existing trails inside the parks, including to popular old-growth redwood groves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribe had already been restoring salmon habitat for three years on the property, building a meandering stream channel, two connected ponds and about 20 acres of floodplain while dismantling a defunct mill site. Crews also planted more than 50,000 native plants, including grass-like slough sedge, black cottonwood and coast redwood trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salmon were once abundant in rivers and streams running through these redwood forests, But dams, logging, development and drought — due in part to climate change — have destroyed the waterways and threatened many of these species. Last year recreational and commercial king salmon fishing seasons \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/salmon-fishing-ban-chinook-west-coast-fd818fb1489834d5f8f9371818178b11\">were closed\u003c/a> along much of the West Coast due to near-record low numbers of the iconic fish returning to their spawning grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of juvenile coho and chinook salmon and steelhead have already returned to Prairie Creek along with red-legged frogs, northwestern salamanders, waterfowl and other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods National Park Superintendent Steve Mietz praised the restoration of the area and its return to the tribe, saying it is “healing the land while healing the relationships among all the people who inhabit this magnificent forest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11980053/northern-california-tribe-to-get-back-125-acres-of-ancestral-land-stolen-during-gold-rush","authors":["byline_news_11980053"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_23593","news_28859","news_30283","news_21733","news_21176","news_22761","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11980072","label":"news"},"news_11888051":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11888051","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11888051","score":null,"sort":[1631323812000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key","title":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key","publishDate":1631323812,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: Due to the stigma of domestic violence in tribal communities, KQED is not using Mark and Lydia’s real names, or disclosing their location or tribal affiliation. This story contains depictions of violence and a description of racial slurs.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]s a kid, Mark often came home to a racket on the block. Then the truth would sink in. The hitting and screaming was coming from his house. His dad’s drinking made the beatings worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He busted my mom’s teeth out with a rifle,” said Mark, who grew up in rural Northern California near the Oregon border. “I remember seeing this. So my first memories are of domestic violence. I was born into domestic violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark, now in his early fifties, found out later that his father had been abused, beaten as a child. His dad was repeating what he had learned. And after Mark fell in love and began a relationship with Lydia, it wasn’t long before he carried the behavior forward again, himself. “I’m a typical Native American man,” he said. “There’s a thousand of me all around the area right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia, who had also experienced intergenerational violence and abuse in her family, stayed in the relationship. In time, she’d wind up facing a domestic violence charge herself, just like Mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mark\"]'I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better. But I didn’t know how to get there.'[/pullquote]A National Institute of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/violence-against-american-indian-and-alaska-native-women-and-men\">study from 2016\u003c/a> found that nearly 85% of American Indians and Alaska Natives had experienced violence in their lifetime, compared to a little over two-thirds for non-Hispanic whites. The rates of physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner were also markedly higher for Indigenous respondents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root is trauma that dates back generations, all the way to colonizers' invasions. Mental health experts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/education/stress-and-trauma/indigenous-people\">defined that historical trauma\u003c/a> as “cumulative emotional and psychological wounding, over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma experiences.” In California, the forcible separation of Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language are just some examples of the collective losses Native Americans have experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Mark and Lydia’s journey eventually brought healing – thanks in part to an approach to justice rooted in the region’s Indigenous cultural values, restorative more than punitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key, Lydia said: “Going back and really finding out, ‘Where did this start?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cycles of abuse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Mark, the racial slurs began in elementary school. 'Wagon burner.' 'Dirty Indian.' He said he came home crying nearly every day. By now, his mom had left his dad and Mark had a step-father, who “taught me most of all the cultural things that I know,” he said. “He taught me how to fish. He taught me how to take care of my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also signed Mark up for boxing lessons, so he could learn to fight his bullies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started busting people's noses and giving them black eyes, and they quit teasing me. That power was intoxicating,” he said. “Like a drug. It was addicting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, Lydia, also contended with trauma. Her dad had abused her mom, who left with Lydia when she was a baby to move in with her own mother. But Lydia’s grandma – who herself had been beaten and molested as a child, Lydia later learned – could be cruel, locking Lydia in a back room in the dark. Denying her food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mom was around, Lydia said, but had different priorities: “Drugs and alcohol and partying.” By age 15, Lydia was doing drugs, too, and couch surfing. She found a boyfriend – who beat her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just really wanted to be loved,” she said, “and of course when they tell you, ‘I love you,’ you really want to believe it, even if you know it’s not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Historical trauma\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands in California stretch from Humboldt to Del Norte County near the Oregon border. In 1974, she became the \u003ca href=\"https://trellis.law/judge/abby.abinanti\">first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe\"]'People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language. Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe... And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.'[/pullquote]Legends and parables make it clear that domestic violence was not tolerated in traditional Yurok culture, said Abinanti, 73. Rather, it’s a relatively recent symptom of the wound of colonization. Treating that symptom without addressing the cause gets you nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you have to do is look at the context and where it came from,” she said. And in Northern California, “it came from things \u003ca href=\"https://www.csus.edu/indiv/t/tumminia/memorial.htm\">like boarding school, massacres and the Indian Slave Act\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official title of the latter was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/IB.pdf\">The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians\u003c/a>.” Passed at California’s first Constitutional Convention in 1850, it allowed Indigenous children – and adults – to be indentured to white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many were captured in the North and sold down into the middle of the state and to the South,” Abinanti said, in many cases after witnessing the murder of their parents. Many escaped and ran home. But “the problem is they were adults,” she said, “and then they got into adult relationships and had children and had no idea how to parent. And had a lot of anger, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg\" alt=\"Profile shot of Judge Abby Abinanti standing outside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1536x1055.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands stretch through Humboldt and Del Norte counties, near the Oregon border. In 1974 she became the first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California. Her court’s approach to substance abuse and domestic violence is restorative more than punitive, and emphasizes cultural values as a key to healing offenders and the communities they’ve harmed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the mid-19th Century through the 1960s, more trauma: U.S. officials forced Native American children across the country to attend government-run boarding schools designed, as one historian explains, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.motherjones.com/media/2017/10/native-american-boarding-schools-shadows-of-sherman-institute/\">to destroy that which was Indian and re-create people in the image of White America\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language,” said Abinanti. And with cultural amnesia came pain and self-denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe,” she said. “And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Love and violence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the time Lydia turned 18 she’d been on her own for a while, walking four miles each way to a fast food job. But she cherished one cultural tradition: \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/features/klamath-salmon-yurok-tribe\">Salmon fishing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so I go down there,” she said. To the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see this beautiful girl step out of this truck,” Mark recalled. “And I thought, Oh man! There she is...I’m gonna marry that girl. But it was scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an automatic connection,” said Lydia. “I wanted this picture-perfect life. I knew there was a life without abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1536x1031.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok citizen Tasheena Natt fishes for salmon in the Klamath River. Salmon fishing is central to the Yurok culture and economy, and is considered a deeply spiritual practice. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon, they were like glue on glue. They moved in together and decided to have a baby. Lydia quit drinking, drugs, cigarettes. She gave birth to a girl, and a couple of years later, a boy. But Mark was still partying. The fights began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About five years in, it got physical. Mark slapped Lydia during an argument in the kitchen, giving her a fat lip. She ran to a neighbor’s apartment. And to her horror, that neighbor dialed 911. Lydia didn’t trust law enforcement. She said she’d learned that from her mom and grandmother. But the wheels were in motion. Police arrested Mark, and state prosecutors offered him a deal: If he attended a 52-week batterers intervention program, the charges would be dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark said he “participated fully.” He learned to walk away from a fight, to take a time out. It was progress. But he’d realize later how much he still didn’t know – about himself and the roots of his violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better,” Mark said. “But I didn’t know how to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Addiction in Indian Country\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Mark completed his program, he said he “continued to work on myself and work on myself.” But, for four more years, he “was still using meth.” In the late '90s, he managed to quit. Then came the opioid explosion, “when the doctors were basically giving away, just as many as you want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a laborer with regular injuries, he had access to that open tap. They both did. Addiction followed, \u003ca href=\"https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4866.pdf\">another symptom of historical trauma\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/diverse-populations/americanindian/mentalhealth/\">often goes hand in hand with domestic violence\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11883520 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/634_original-1180x887.jpg']“I would grab her by her arm and I would shake her and I’d do these things and I knew better,” Mark said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They split up, on and off, for years. Then, in 2013, Mark quit the opioids. And they reunited, both of them clean and sober. Then, a few years later, a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their adult daughter died in a single-vehicle accident. Mark and Lydia sank into depression and isolation. Complicating matters, Mark said, they’d been trying to persuade their daughter to leave an abusive partner, and she was resisting. That caused a rift in their relationship with her, so “we didn’t get to spend the last years with her. It started creating this hell, this guilt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Sunday argument, Lydia scratched Mark’s nose while trying to knock a cigarette from his mouth. He called 911. This time, Lydia was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just so happened, the couple’s adult son had a court date the next day – on a domestic violence charge. Lydia had planned to be there to support him. Instead, she showed up as another defendant in a jail jumpsuit. Charged with domestic abuse, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t imagine how he must have felt,” Lydia said of her son, “to see me walk in there the next morning, on the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A path to healing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/02/cover-healing-heritage\">growing consensus\u003c/a> in Indian Country across the nation that the most effective way to alleviate symptoms of historical trauma like domestic violence and substance abuse is to incorporate traditional cultural values and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/restorative-justice-in-indian-country\">forms of justice\u003c/a>. Thanks to a cultural renaissance, that is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe\"]'If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based. Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.'[/pullquote]Beginning in the 1970s, a new generation returned home to mine the stories of elders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-me-yurok-language-20130207-story.html\">revive the language\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21060208-the-yurok-tribe-welcomes-you#document/p5/a2053772\">master the wisdom needed to bring back ceremonial dances\u003c/a>. Yurok Judge Abby Abinanti was among them, and decades later she would deepen her commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, she began to expand the Yurok tribal justice system, launching a dedicated court docket to help tribal members struggling with substance abuse. To help participants repair the harm they’ve caused, so they could heal. So the community could heal. She called it \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-yurok-tribal-judge-20140305-dto-htmlstory.html\">Wellness Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based,” Abinanti said. “Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State court judges started releasing Yurok defendants to Abinanti’s court – and seeing results. So in 2015, she decided it was time to reach more tribal members cycling through county jail. A laborious rolling cross-tally of two separate databases revealed which Yurok members were incarcerated and why. The most common offense: domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Walking the path\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many defendants, it turned out, were in county jail for violating probation. For not completing the state’s 52 week batterer’s intervention program – the same one Mark had attended. One barrier was financial. Even at the lowest end of the sliding scale, the state program cost $1,000. There were transportation and child care problems, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Abinanti’s team decided to create their own 52-week batterers’ program, one that drew on core cultural values, and get the state to certify it as an option for state court defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence of domestic violence was startling yet unsurprising. Surveys and focus groups conducted a few years earlier by the \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> – a collective of tribal judges – revealed the scope of the crisis. Nearly half the women and a fifth of the men who \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/NCTCC_Responses_D_V.pdf\">responded\u003c/a> said they’d been abused by a partner. Drugs and alcohol played a role about two-thirds of the time. Lack of trust in law enforcement and state court systems was common. So was a lack of awareness of services at the county level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And participants “generally believed that these services lacked a necessary cultural component to ensure they were appropriate for a Native American population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court coalition stepped up to help build the Yurok batterers program, funding the training for two facilitators. It launched in 2016, with state certification, the first of its kind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum includes the basics: Take full responsibility for your actions and identify your triggers. Specific Yurok cultural practices aren’t on the agenda. Because, the only way to make the program pencil out was to open it to everyone – tribal members from throughout the region and non-tribal members, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1315\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1536x1052.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok tribal member Lori Nesbitt was the founding facilitator of the Yurok Batterers Intervention Program, which takes a restorative approach to healing and emphasizes the roots of intergenerational trauma. It rolled out in 2016 and is certified by the state as one of the 52-week programs available to domestic violence offenders in Northern California. Here, Nesbitt presents details of the program at a 2019 conference in Washington D.C. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Lori Nesbitt, the founding facilitator, said the whole approach stems from Yurok-style justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who are they and who is their family,” she explained, “and how can we walk the path with them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total cost is $30, for a book. All participants make a family tree, and conduct an interview with a community elder outside their immediate family about that generation’s experiences with domestic abuse. Participants are pressed to identify not just the family members that led them astray, but the ones who taught them cultural practices and helped root them to a sense of self – whatever their culture. Most of all, Nesbitt said she acknowledges past pain as the deep generational roots of family violence come to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you've gone through this program, you can kind of acknowledge that, ‘Yeah some things happened. And I've repaired those. I've forgiven myself,’ ” she said. “However they choose to find that forgiveness, to me, is their pathway to healing for the rest of their life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Self-forgiveness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Lydia’s arrest, state prosecutors offered her the same deal as Mark. Complete a 52-week batterers intervention program and her charge would disappear. She chose the Yurok one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of me being the victim all the time, I learned that I was also abuser,” she said. “I learned that I did that to my children. Because I had the choice to leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turning point: understanding the context of her trauma and the chain of traumas that came before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned how to love myself,” she said. “I’m just now feeling like I don’t walk around in shame.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple separated after Lydia’s arrest. But while she worked her program, Mark went to counseling and to a Christian faith-based recovery program that, he said, flooded him with “realizations and epiphanies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started learning about what PTSD was,” he said, \"and what it does to your body and the fear and how it paralyzes you...just understanding my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have now reunited, and both say a big part of their healing is participating in their own tribal community, giving back. Each has an idea that they believe would help tribal members affected by domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia’s is for a safe house for women and children, \"but it would have to be way up in the mountains, gated, with security. It would be a home with programs for them to heal, and the children to heal too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark’s idea is specifically for men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They go into an isolated place where they're taught their culture, where they're taught to fish, to dance, to sing, to give to your elders. And then I want them to come out as a dance crew to show that strength,” he said. “There's going to be so much power, to recover those men. I just feel that so deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thehotline.org/\">National Domestic Violence Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-799-7233\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.strongheartshelpline.org/\">StrongHearts Native Helpline\u003c/a> at 1-844-7NATIVE)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> mobile app\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ccuih.org/red-women-rising-program/\">Red Women Rising\u003c/a>, for Native Americans living in urban areas\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was made possible by Yurok tribal member \u003ca href=\"https://www.pli.edu/faculty/laura--woods-30562\">Laura Woods\u003c/a>, and documentary filmmaker \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/219880229\">Luisa Conlon\u003c/a>. This story was produced by The California Report Magazine courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/policyadmin-jc.htm\">The Judicial Council of California\u003c/a>, which commissioned the \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/14851.htm\">original version\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Colonization forcibly severed Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language in California, creating patterns of intergenerational trauma and abuse. One tribe is now working to heal perpetrators of domestic violence with a restorative approach that connects them to culture.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1631404575,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":67,"wordCount":3189},"headData":{"title":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key | KQED","description":"Colonization forcibly severed Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language in California, creating patterns of intergenerational trauma and abuse. One tribe is now working to heal perpetrators of domestic violence with a restorative approach that connects them to culture.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key","datePublished":"2021-09-11T01:30:12.000Z","dateModified":"2021-09-11T23:56:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11888051 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11888051","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/09/10/where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key/","disqusTitle":"'Where Did This Start?' In Yurok Domestic Violence Program, Understanding Generational Roots of Trauma Is Key","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC9346057492.mp3?updated=1631316734","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/leeromney?lang=en\">Lee Romney\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11888051/where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: Due to the stigma of domestic violence in tribal communities, KQED is not using Mark and Lydia’s real names, or disclosing their location or tribal affiliation. This story contains depictions of violence and a description of racial slurs.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>s a kid, Mark often came home to a racket on the block. Then the truth would sink in. The hitting and screaming was coming from his house. His dad’s drinking made the beatings worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He busted my mom’s teeth out with a rifle,” said Mark, who grew up in rural Northern California near the Oregon border. “I remember seeing this. So my first memories are of domestic violence. I was born into domestic violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark, now in his early fifties, found out later that his father had been abused, beaten as a child. His dad was repeating what he had learned. And after Mark fell in love and began a relationship with Lydia, it wasn’t long before he carried the behavior forward again, himself. “I’m a typical Native American man,” he said. “There’s a thousand of me all around the area right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia, who had also experienced intergenerational violence and abuse in her family, stayed in the relationship. In time, she’d wind up facing a domestic violence charge herself, just like Mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better. But I didn’t know how to get there.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mark","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A National Institute of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/violence-against-american-indian-and-alaska-native-women-and-men\">study from 2016\u003c/a> found that nearly 85% of American Indians and Alaska Natives had experienced violence in their lifetime, compared to a little over two-thirds for non-Hispanic whites. The rates of physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner were also markedly higher for Indigenous respondents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root is trauma that dates back generations, all the way to colonizers' invasions. Mental health experts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/education/stress-and-trauma/indigenous-people\">defined that historical trauma\u003c/a> as “cumulative emotional and psychological wounding, over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma experiences.” In California, the forcible separation of Indigenous peoples from their lands, traditions and language are just some examples of the collective losses Native Americans have experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Mark and Lydia’s journey eventually brought healing – thanks in part to an approach to justice rooted in the region’s Indigenous cultural values, restorative more than punitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key, Lydia said: “Going back and really finding out, ‘Where did this start?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cycles of abuse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For Mark, the racial slurs began in elementary school. 'Wagon burner.' 'Dirty Indian.' He said he came home crying nearly every day. By now, his mom had left his dad and Mark had a step-father, who “taught me most of all the cultural things that I know,” he said. “He taught me how to fish. He taught me how to take care of my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also signed Mark up for boxing lessons, so he could learn to fight his bullies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started busting people's noses and giving them black eyes, and they quit teasing me. That power was intoxicating,” he said. “Like a drug. It was addicting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, Lydia, also contended with trauma. Her dad had abused her mom, who left with Lydia when she was a baby to move in with her own mother. But Lydia’s grandma – who herself had been beaten and molested as a child, Lydia later learned – could be cruel, locking Lydia in a back room in the dark. Denying her food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mom was around, Lydia said, but had different priorities: “Drugs and alcohol and partying.” By age 15, Lydia was doing drugs, too, and couch surfing. She found a boyfriend – who beat her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just really wanted to be loved,” she said, “and of course when they tell you, ‘I love you,’ you really want to believe it, even if you know it’s not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Historical trauma\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands in California stretch from Humboldt to Del Norte County near the Oregon border. In 1974, she became the \u003ca href=\"https://trellis.law/judge/abby.abinanti\">first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language. Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe... And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Legends and parables make it clear that domestic violence was not tolerated in traditional Yurok culture, said Abinanti, 73. Rather, it’s a relatively recent symptom of the wound of colonization. Treating that symptom without addressing the cause gets you nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you have to do is look at the context and where it came from,” she said. And in Northern California, “it came from things \u003ca href=\"https://www.csus.edu/indiv/t/tumminia/memorial.htm\">like boarding school, massacres and the Indian Slave Act\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official title of the latter was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/IB.pdf\">The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians\u003c/a>.” Passed at California’s first Constitutional Convention in 1850, it allowed Indigenous children – and adults – to be indentured to white settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many were captured in the North and sold down into the middle of the state and to the South,” Abinanti said, in many cases after witnessing the murder of their parents. Many escaped and ran home. But “the problem is they were adults,” she said, “and then they got into adult relationships and had children and had no idea how to parent. And had a lot of anger, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg\" alt=\"Profile shot of Judge Abby Abinanti standing outside\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/judgeabinanti-1536x1055.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abby Abinanti is chief justice of the Yurok Tribe, whose ancestral lands stretch through Humboldt and Del Norte counties, near the Oregon border. In 1974 she became the first Native American woman admitted to the State Bar of California. Her court’s approach to substance abuse and domestic violence is restorative more than punitive, and emphasizes cultural values as a key to healing offenders and the communities they’ve harmed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the mid-19th Century through the 1960s, more trauma: U.S. officials forced Native American children across the country to attend government-run boarding schools designed, as one historian explains, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.motherjones.com/media/2017/10/native-american-boarding-schools-shadows-of-sherman-institute/\">to destroy that which was Indian and re-create people in the image of White America\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People covered up the dance sites, hid the regalia, weren’t allowed to speak the language,” said Abinanti. And with cultural amnesia came pain and self-denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Language is something that comes out of what people think and believe,” she said. “And so we learned another language that didn’t think and believe what we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Love and violence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the time Lydia turned 18 she’d been on her own for a while, walking four miles each way to a fast food job. But she cherished one cultural tradition: \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/features/klamath-salmon-yurok-tribe\">Salmon fishing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so I go down there,” she said. To the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see this beautiful girl step out of this truck,” Mark recalled. “And I thought, Oh man! There she is...I’m gonna marry that girl. But it was scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an automatic connection,” said Lydia. “I wanted this picture-perfect life. I knew there was a life without abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1289\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-800x537.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/SalmonFishing-1536x1031.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok citizen Tasheena Natt fishes for salmon in the Klamath River. Salmon fishing is central to the Yurok culture and economy, and is considered a deeply spiritual practice. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soon, they were like glue on glue. They moved in together and decided to have a baby. Lydia quit drinking, drugs, cigarettes. She gave birth to a girl, and a couple of years later, a boy. But Mark was still partying. The fights began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About five years in, it got physical. Mark slapped Lydia during an argument in the kitchen, giving her a fat lip. She ran to a neighbor’s apartment. And to her horror, that neighbor dialed 911. Lydia didn’t trust law enforcement. She said she’d learned that from her mom and grandmother. But the wheels were in motion. Police arrested Mark, and state prosecutors offered him a deal: If he attended a 52-week batterers intervention program, the charges would be dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark said he “participated fully.” He learned to walk away from a fight, to take a time out. It was progress. But he’d realize later how much he still didn’t know – about himself and the roots of his violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved her and I loved my children, and I wanted to be better,” Mark said. “But I didn’t know how to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Addiction in Indian Country\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Mark completed his program, he said he “continued to work on myself and work on myself.” But, for four more years, he “was still using meth.” In the late '90s, he managed to quit. Then came the opioid explosion, “when the doctors were basically giving away, just as many as you want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a laborer with regular injuries, he had access to that open tap. They both did. Addiction followed, \u003ca href=\"https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4866.pdf\">another symptom of historical trauma\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/diverse-populations/americanindian/mentalhealth/\">often goes hand in hand with domestic violence\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11883520","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/634_original-1180x887.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I would grab her by her arm and I would shake her and I’d do these things and I knew better,” Mark said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They split up, on and off, for years. Then, in 2013, Mark quit the opioids. And they reunited, both of them clean and sober. Then, a few years later, a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their adult daughter died in a single-vehicle accident. Mark and Lydia sank into depression and isolation. Complicating matters, Mark said, they’d been trying to persuade their daughter to leave an abusive partner, and she was resisting. That caused a rift in their relationship with her, so “we didn’t get to spend the last years with her. It started creating this hell, this guilt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Sunday argument, Lydia scratched Mark’s nose while trying to knock a cigarette from his mouth. He called 911. This time, Lydia was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just so happened, the couple’s adult son had a court date the next day – on a domestic violence charge. Lydia had planned to be there to support him. Instead, she showed up as another defendant in a jail jumpsuit. Charged with domestic abuse, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just can’t imagine how he must have felt,” Lydia said of her son, “to see me walk in there the next morning, on the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A path to healing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/02/cover-healing-heritage\">growing consensus\u003c/a> in Indian Country across the nation that the most effective way to alleviate symptoms of historical trauma like domestic violence and substance abuse is to incorporate traditional cultural values and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/restorative-justice-in-indian-country\">forms of justice\u003c/a>. Thanks to a cultural renaissance, that is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based. Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Abby Abinanti, chief justice of the Yurok Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Beginning in the 1970s, a new generation returned home to mine the stories of elders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-me-yurok-language-20130207-story.html\">revive the language\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21060208-the-yurok-tribe-welcomes-you#document/p5/a2053772\">master the wisdom needed to bring back ceremonial dances\u003c/a>. Yurok Judge Abby Abinanti was among them, and decades later she would deepen her commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, she began to expand the Yurok tribal justice system, launching a dedicated court docket to help tribal members struggling with substance abuse. To help participants repair the harm they’ve caused, so they could heal. So the community could heal. She called it \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-yurok-tribal-judge-20140305-dto-htmlstory.html\">Wellness Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the state and federal system, they're very rights-based,” Abinanti said. “Our culture is very responsibility-based. And the responsibilities are interlocking in family and in community. So you have to assist people to meet their responsibility and come back into community in a good way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State court judges started releasing Yurok defendants to Abinanti’s court – and seeing results. So in 2015, she decided it was time to reach more tribal members cycling through county jail. A laborious rolling cross-tally of two separate databases revealed which Yurok members were incarcerated and why. The most common offense: domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Walking the path\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many defendants, it turned out, were in county jail for violating probation. For not completing the state’s 52 week batterer’s intervention program – the same one Mark had attended. One barrier was financial. Even at the lowest end of the sliding scale, the state program cost $1,000. There were transportation and child care problems, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Abinanti’s team decided to create their own 52-week batterers’ program, one that drew on core cultural values, and get the state to certify it as an option for state court defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence of domestic violence was startling yet unsurprising. Surveys and focus groups conducted a few years earlier by the \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> – a collective of tribal judges – revealed the scope of the crisis. Nearly half the women and a fifth of the men who \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/NCTCC_Responses_D_V.pdf\">responded\u003c/a> said they’d been abused by a partner. Drugs and alcohol played a role about two-thirds of the time. Lack of trust in law enforcement and state court systems was common. So was a lack of awareness of services at the county level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And participants “generally believed that these services lacked a necessary cultural component to ensure they were appropriate for a Native American population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court coalition stepped up to help build the Yurok batterers program, funding the training for two facilitators. It launched in 2016, with state certification, the first of its kind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The curriculum includes the basics: Take full responsibility for your actions and identify your triggers. Specific Yurok cultural practices aren’t on the agenda. Because, the only way to make the program pencil out was to open it to everyone – tribal members from throughout the region and non-tribal members, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11888130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1315\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/LoriNesbitt-1536x1052.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok tribal member Lori Nesbitt was the founding facilitator of the Yurok Batterers Intervention Program, which takes a restorative approach to healing and emphasizes the roots of intergenerational trauma. It rolled out in 2016 and is certified by the state as one of the 52-week programs available to domestic violence offenders in Northern California. Here, Nesbitt presents details of the program at a 2019 conference in Washington D.C. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Yurok Tribe)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Lori Nesbitt, the founding facilitator, said the whole approach stems from Yurok-style justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who are they and who is their family,” she explained, “and how can we walk the path with them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total cost is $30, for a book. All participants make a family tree, and conduct an interview with a community elder outside their immediate family about that generation’s experiences with domestic abuse. Participants are pressed to identify not just the family members that led them astray, but the ones who taught them cultural practices and helped root them to a sense of self – whatever their culture. Most of all, Nesbitt said she acknowledges past pain as the deep generational roots of family violence come to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you've gone through this program, you can kind of acknowledge that, ‘Yeah some things happened. And I've repaired those. I've forgiven myself,’ ” she said. “However they choose to find that forgiveness, to me, is their pathway to healing for the rest of their life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Self-forgiveness\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After Lydia’s arrest, state prosecutors offered her the same deal as Mark. Complete a 52-week batterers intervention program and her charge would disappear. She chose the Yurok one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of me being the victim all the time, I learned that I was also abuser,” she said. “I learned that I did that to my children. Because I had the choice to leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turning point: understanding the context of her trauma and the chain of traumas that came before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned how to love myself,” she said. “I’m just now feeling like I don’t walk around in shame.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple separated after Lydia’s arrest. But while she worked her program, Mark went to counseling and to a Christian faith-based recovery program that, he said, flooded him with “realizations and epiphanies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started learning about what PTSD was,” he said, \"and what it does to your body and the fear and how it paralyzes you...just understanding my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have now reunited, and both say a big part of their healing is participating in their own tribal community, giving back. Each has an idea that they believe would help tribal members affected by domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lydia’s is for a safe house for women and children, \"but it would have to be way up in the mountains, gated, with security. It would be a home with programs for them to heal, and the children to heal too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark’s idea is specifically for men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They go into an isolated place where they're taught their culture, where they're taught to fish, to dance, to sing, to give to your elders. And then I want them to come out as a dance crew to show that strength,” he said. “There's going to be so much power, to recover those men. I just feel that so deep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thehotline.org/\">National Domestic Violence Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-799-7233\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.strongheartshelpline.org/\">StrongHearts Native Helpline\u003c/a> at 1-844-7NATIVE)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://nctcc.org/\">Northern California Tribal Court Coalition\u003c/a> mobile app\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ccuih.org/red-women-rising-program/\">Red Women Rising\u003c/a>, for Native Americans living in urban areas\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was made possible by Yurok tribal member \u003ca href=\"https://www.pli.edu/faculty/laura--woods-30562\">Laura Woods\u003c/a>, and documentary filmmaker \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/219880229\">Luisa Conlon\u003c/a>. This story was produced by The California Report Magazine courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/policyadmin-jc.htm\">The Judicial Council of California\u003c/a>, which commissioned the \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/14851.htm\">original version\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11888051/where-did-this-start-in-yurok-domestic-violence-program-understanding-generational-roots-of-trauma-is-key","authors":["byline_news_11888051"],"programs":["news_26731"],"categories":["news_457","news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_17759","news_6801","news_1261","news_1262","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11888063","label":"news_26731"},"news_11622280":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11622280","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11622280","score":null,"sort":[1508137277000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fish-blood-in-their-veins-but-few-salmon-in-their-river","title":"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River","publishDate":1508137277,"format":"image","headTitle":"California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his fall, the number of chinook salmon making their way from the ocean up the Klamath River in the far northwest corner of California is the lowest on record. That’s devastating news for the Yurok tribe, which has lived along and fished the Klamath for centuries. Salmon is integral to their entire culture and way of life, essential to Yurok ceremonies, for food, and for income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr. both work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, and they’re patrolling the Klamath where the river flows into the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11622284\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerome Nick Jr. checks a net set a couple of hours earlier. “No fish.” \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nick perches in the front of the boat, with Chavez at the helm as we head to the mouth of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just checking to see if there’s any tribal members fishing,” Chavez says. “Gonna head up to the bridge to see if anyone’s there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low. And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.'\u003ccite>Joe James,\u003cbr>\nYurok tribal council member\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yurok use gillnets. In good years and bad, the cousins do net counts, stopping by boats, measuring and weighing any fish caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Chavez and Nick are also volunteering, catching salmon for tribal elders. It’s the only fishing allowed this year. Chavez slows the boat so Nick can pull up a net they set a couple of hours ago. The verdict?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No fish,” Nick tells us, shaking his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/YurokTribe.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/KlamathSalmon.jpg\" Title=\"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A Ghost Town'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The cousins are alone on the water. Nick says it’s a whole different story in a normal year, especially during commercial fishing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practically this whole area is nets, all the way up to the bridge,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr., who work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, untangle nets at the mouth of the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a ghost town,” Chavez says, “because there’s nobody out. It’s pretty sad, but then again just knowing there’s not a lot of people out here catching them, those fish have a chance to travel up there. At least that’s my hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we get off the water, Nick says that, unlike a lot of Yurok, he didn’t grow up fishing. He moved here six years ago to get away from family drama in Oregon. Now, when he’s not working the overnight shift at Walmart, he’s on the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I work here with my cousin and she keeps me sane,” he says. “She’s my rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says learning to fish as an adult was hard at first. Then he turns to Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What year did I pull in that 50-pound salmon?” he asks. \"2011,\" she answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dGQVMYLA0x3DIozsDbNkpvjV0Gedn5ku\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez says she grew up with her family camping right here for the summer. Her grandma would make fry bread, and she and her great-grandmother would watch everyone fish. Chavez started fishing when she was 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My partner was my auntie,\" Chavez recalls. \"She’s the one that taught me, and our whole bottom of our boat was filled with fish. Everyone was catching plenty for their families. It was beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rich salmon harvest means covering the basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feeds our family,” Chavez says. “When commercial’s here, we use that money to buy our kids school clothes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez usually fishes for her grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get her 10 to 15 fish every year, so it’s in her freezer for the whole year,” Chavez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, Chavez says, “she’ll have to deal with deer meat or elk meat or something”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Tribal Celebration of Salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About five minutes away in the town of Klamath, thousands of Yurok and friends gather every August for the tribe’s Salmon Festival. There’s a parade and a stick game that looks to my untrained eye like a cross between wrestling and field hockey. Yurok men sing songs for good luck around a card game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True to the festival’s name, there’s salmon cooked in the traditional Yurok way. Around the edge of a long, narrow fire pit, salmon skewered on redwood sticks form a kind of crown. Oscar Gensaw monitors the scene, wearing a T-shirt that reads: Fish Boss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622428\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622428\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the 55th Annual Yurok Salmon Festival, Oscar Gensaw cooks salmon the traditional way, on redwood skewers around a fire pit. This year, though, the tribe had to purchase salmon from Alaska. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is how we’ve always done it, generation to generation,” Gensaw says, trying to avoid getting smoke in his eye. “When you first start cooking, you get those fat rings around the fish like a ring on a tree. When the fat starts dripping out of each of those rings, I know that side is done,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gensaw grew up in Klamath and has three sons and a baby daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My main goal is to pass this on to my boys so one day I can be the ultimate fish boss, and be on the side when they cook,” he says with a laugh. But he wants to teach them with salmon caught in the Klamath -- not the fish he’s cooking with today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These come from Alaska,” he says. The tribe had to buy this salmon, the first time in festival history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal council member Joe James is hanging out by the fire pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"G5j6gB11NCWXqqVhXtx27Jovpr52TpTv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low,” he says. “And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the tribe works with federal agencies every year to estimate the fall run and to decide how many salmon can be caught. So few chinook were expected to return to spawn this year that commercial fishing was shut down to protect them. The Yurok, a tribe of 6,000, were allowed to catch just over 600 salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low numbers are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. After years of debate and struggle, four dams are set to be removed by 2020, says James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look forward for those dams to come down to start the process of healing our rivers” -- and with it the return of the salmon and other native species, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the parade, Annelia Hillman commands the megaphone for the Klamath Justice Coalition, which chants “Undam the Klamath! Bring the salmon home!” She says tribes along the Klamath have had to fight logging, gold mining, the dams and now a proposed natural gas pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622431\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath Justice Coalition in the parade at the Yurok Salmon Festival. Low numbers of chinook salmon this year are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re putting our water at risk like that, we’re putting life on Earth at risk,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Our People Feel the Effects'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>She says the river’s poor health and the low salmon run impacts the entire Yurok way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were created in this place to help bring balance in this river,\" she says. \"Our people are part of this system and when that balance is off, our people feel the effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she sees that in her work as a youth social worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we can’t be in our river, can’t eat our fish, it kind of takes our purpose away,\" Hillman says. \"We have one of the highest suicide rates, state of emergency for suicide, and I think that’s directly correlated to our lack of salmon and our inability to continue our way of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok have fought for years to maintain their ties to the Klamath and its salmon. In the 1960s, game wardens frequently arrested members of the tribe for gillnet fishing on the river, a practice banned by the state. One young man, Raymond Mattz, challenged the arrests. His fight went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which reaffirmed the tribe’s fishing rights -- and reservation status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His nephew, Paul Mattz Van Mechelen, runs Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon on U.S. 101. Customers know he’s open if there’s smoke coming from the traditional fire pit in front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my Weber, my Yurok Weber!” he jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Van Mechelen at Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon. The last two years, he’s had to purchase fish from native fishermen hundreds of miles away, in Oregon, instead of fishing the fall chinook run in the Klamath, 50 feet away from his shop. He says for a fishing people, the losses from not fishing are more than just financial. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Fish Blood in His Veins -- But No Salmon in the River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>He started this shop 16 years ago after his grandmother came to him in a dream. A steady stream of customers come in to sample and buy the wild chinook salmon he prepares with flavors like garlic, lemon pepper and teriyaki. Usually, he gets his stock from the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood. I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from.'\u003ccite>Paul Mattz Van Mechelen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not the last two years, though,” he says. “I had to go to the Columbia River,” hundreds of miles away in Oregon, where he makes purchases from native fishermen there. Gas, and payment for fish, those are big expenses for a business owner who usually fishes about 50 feet from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The losses from not fishing, they go deeper than just finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a great niece -- she’s only 2 -- but she helped start up the boat and smiled and did all that last year,” he says. “Her auntie was 5 when she pulled in a fish. So that whole part of learning and teaching them who they are and what this river gives to them is kind of life in one way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask Van Mechelen to tell me more about that one point, that fishing is who Yurok are. He gets emotional, even stepping out of the store for a minute before answering:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood,\" Van Mechelen says. \"I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you have fish blood but you have to stay away from fishing in hopes of keeping salmon here in the future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sad to stay next to a river and wake up and not see fish go by,\" he says. \"That’s the saddest part. It’s bad enough you dream about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Mechelen says all he can do is pray the salmon come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the Food & Environment Reporting network, a non-profit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Yurok, California's largest native tribe, contend with a catastrophic salmon season on the Klamath River. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1508265288,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":56,"wordCount":2086},"headData":{"title":"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River | KQED","description":"The Yurok, California's largest native tribe, contend with a catastrophic salmon season on the Klamath River. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River","datePublished":"2017-10-16T07:01:17.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-17T18:34:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11622280 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11622280","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/16/fish-blood-in-their-veins-but-few-salmon-in-their-river/","disqusTitle":"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River","sourceUrl":"californiafoodways.com","path":"/news/11622280/fish-blood-in-their-veins-but-few-salmon-in-their-river","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/YurokTribe.mp3","audioDuration":605000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>his fall, the number of chinook salmon making their way from the ocean up the Klamath River in the far northwest corner of California is the lowest on record. That’s devastating news for the Yurok tribe, which has lived along and fished the Klamath for centuries. Salmon is integral to their entire culture and way of life, essential to Yurok ceremonies, for food, and for income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr. both work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, and they’re patrolling the Klamath where the river flows into the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11622284\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerome Nick Jr. checks a net set a couple of hours earlier. “No fish.” \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nick perches in the front of the boat, with Chavez at the helm as we head to the mouth of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just checking to see if there’s any tribal members fishing,” Chavez says. “Gonna head up to the bridge to see if anyone’s there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low. And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.'\u003ccite>Joe James,\u003cbr>\nYurok tribal council member\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yurok use gillnets. In good years and bad, the cousins do net counts, stopping by boats, measuring and weighing any fish caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Chavez and Nick are also volunteering, catching salmon for tribal elders. It’s the only fishing allowed this year. Chavez slows the boat so Nick can pull up a net they set a couple of hours ago. The verdict?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No fish,” Nick tells us, shaking his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/YurokTribe.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/KlamathSalmon.jpg","title":"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A Ghost Town'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The cousins are alone on the water. Nick says it’s a whole different story in a normal year, especially during commercial fishing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practically this whole area is nets, all the way up to the bridge,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr., who work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, untangle nets at the mouth of the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a ghost town,” Chavez says, “because there’s nobody out. It’s pretty sad, but then again just knowing there’s not a lot of people out here catching them, those fish have a chance to travel up there. At least that’s my hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we get off the water, Nick says that, unlike a lot of Yurok, he didn’t grow up fishing. He moved here six years ago to get away from family drama in Oregon. Now, when he’s not working the overnight shift at Walmart, he’s on the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I work here with my cousin and she keeps me sane,” he says. “She’s my rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says learning to fish as an adult was hard at first. Then he turns to Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What year did I pull in that 50-pound salmon?” he asks. \"2011,\" she answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez says she grew up with her family camping right here for the summer. Her grandma would make fry bread, and she and her great-grandmother would watch everyone fish. Chavez started fishing when she was 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My partner was my auntie,\" Chavez recalls. \"She’s the one that taught me, and our whole bottom of our boat was filled with fish. Everyone was catching plenty for their families. It was beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rich salmon harvest means covering the basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feeds our family,” Chavez says. “When commercial’s here, we use that money to buy our kids school clothes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez usually fishes for her grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get her 10 to 15 fish every year, so it’s in her freezer for the whole year,” Chavez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, Chavez says, “she’ll have to deal with deer meat or elk meat or something”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Tribal Celebration of Salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About five minutes away in the town of Klamath, thousands of Yurok and friends gather every August for the tribe’s Salmon Festival. There’s a parade and a stick game that looks to my untrained eye like a cross between wrestling and field hockey. Yurok men sing songs for good luck around a card game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True to the festival’s name, there’s salmon cooked in the traditional Yurok way. Around the edge of a long, narrow fire pit, salmon skewered on redwood sticks form a kind of crown. Oscar Gensaw monitors the scene, wearing a T-shirt that reads: Fish Boss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622428\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622428\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the 55th Annual Yurok Salmon Festival, Oscar Gensaw cooks salmon the traditional way, on redwood skewers around a fire pit. This year, though, the tribe had to purchase salmon from Alaska. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is how we’ve always done it, generation to generation,” Gensaw says, trying to avoid getting smoke in his eye. “When you first start cooking, you get those fat rings around the fish like a ring on a tree. When the fat starts dripping out of each of those rings, I know that side is done,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gensaw grew up in Klamath and has three sons and a baby daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My main goal is to pass this on to my boys so one day I can be the ultimate fish boss, and be on the side when they cook,” he says with a laugh. But he wants to teach them with salmon caught in the Klamath -- not the fish he’s cooking with today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These come from Alaska,” he says. The tribe had to buy this salmon, the first time in festival history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal council member Joe James is hanging out by the fire pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low,” he says. “And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the tribe works with federal agencies every year to estimate the fall run and to decide how many salmon can be caught. So few chinook were expected to return to spawn this year that commercial fishing was shut down to protect them. The Yurok, a tribe of 6,000, were allowed to catch just over 600 salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low numbers are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. After years of debate and struggle, four dams are set to be removed by 2020, says James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look forward for those dams to come down to start the process of healing our rivers” -- and with it the return of the salmon and other native species, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the parade, Annelia Hillman commands the megaphone for the Klamath Justice Coalition, which chants “Undam the Klamath! Bring the salmon home!” She says tribes along the Klamath have had to fight logging, gold mining, the dams and now a proposed natural gas pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622431\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath Justice Coalition in the parade at the Yurok Salmon Festival. Low numbers of chinook salmon this year are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re putting our water at risk like that, we’re putting life on Earth at risk,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Our People Feel the Effects'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>She says the river’s poor health and the low salmon run impacts the entire Yurok way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were created in this place to help bring balance in this river,\" she says. \"Our people are part of this system and when that balance is off, our people feel the effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she sees that in her work as a youth social worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we can’t be in our river, can’t eat our fish, it kind of takes our purpose away,\" Hillman says. \"We have one of the highest suicide rates, state of emergency for suicide, and I think that’s directly correlated to our lack of salmon and our inability to continue our way of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok have fought for years to maintain their ties to the Klamath and its salmon. In the 1960s, game wardens frequently arrested members of the tribe for gillnet fishing on the river, a practice banned by the state. One young man, Raymond Mattz, challenged the arrests. His fight went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which reaffirmed the tribe’s fishing rights -- and reservation status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His nephew, Paul Mattz Van Mechelen, runs Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon on U.S. 101. Customers know he’s open if there’s smoke coming from the traditional fire pit in front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my Weber, my Yurok Weber!” he jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Van Mechelen at Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon. The last two years, he’s had to purchase fish from native fishermen hundreds of miles away, in Oregon, instead of fishing the fall chinook run in the Klamath, 50 feet away from his shop. He says for a fishing people, the losses from not fishing are more than just financial. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Fish Blood in His Veins -- But No Salmon in the River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>He started this shop 16 years ago after his grandmother came to him in a dream. A steady stream of customers come in to sample and buy the wild chinook salmon he prepares with flavors like garlic, lemon pepper and teriyaki. Usually, he gets his stock from the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood. I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from.'\u003ccite>Paul Mattz Van Mechelen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not the last two years, though,” he says. “I had to go to the Columbia River,” hundreds of miles away in Oregon, where he makes purchases from native fishermen there. Gas, and payment for fish, those are big expenses for a business owner who usually fishes about 50 feet from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The losses from not fishing, they go deeper than just finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a great niece -- she’s only 2 -- but she helped start up the boat and smiled and did all that last year,” he says. “Her auntie was 5 when she pulled in a fish. So that whole part of learning and teaching them who they are and what this river gives to them is kind of life in one way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask Van Mechelen to tell me more about that one point, that fishing is who Yurok are. He gets emotional, even stepping out of the store for a minute before answering:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood,\" Van Mechelen says. \"I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you have fish blood but you have to stay away from fishing in hopes of keeping salmon here in the future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sad to stay next to a river and wake up and not see fish go by,\" he says. \"That’s the saddest part. It’s bad enough you dream about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Mechelen says all he can do is pray the salmon come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the Food & Environment Reporting network, a non-profit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11622280/fish-blood-in-their-veins-but-few-salmon-in-their-river","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_356"],"tags":["news_6801","news_1262","news_3531","news_17286","news_17041","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11623706","label":"news_72"},"news_11180060":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11180060","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11180060","score":null,"sort":[1479913253000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-the-klamath-river-basin-water-rights-are-personal","title":"In the Klamath River Basin, Water Rights Are Personal","publishDate":1479913253,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>You’d think a bird would have an easy time finding a watery rest stop along the over 260-mile-long Klamath River. That should be especially true in the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, a huge marshland along the Pacific Flyway. But in 2012 a dry year cut water supplies, which then chopped available wetlands in half and accelerated the spread of avian cholera. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/03/29/avian-cholera-kills-thousands-of-birds-in-northern-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Up to 20,000 birds died off\u003c/a>, including snow geese, ducks and coots. [contextly_sidebar id=\"ghXf9rnPFabzxPxngj4vForak4etwSMY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water rights along the Klamath River have always been a matter of survival, and birds aren’t the only ones competing for water -- they're just the last in line. The federal government manages a complex hierarchy of rights along the river, claimed by irrigators, tribes and fish in the two states it runs through: California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And shortages are becoming more common. “The challenges we have here are because we’ve promised too much water to too many people,” says Trout Unlimited’s Chrysten Lambert. “We’ve promised more water than there is here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the November election has brought stories of uncertainty and division, in the Klamath Basin a sprawling and unlikely group of allies has been working across political lines for years to establish a sustainable sense of the river. Six years ago, they hashed out a huge compromise deal, to take out dams, sort out rights and allocate water. Without congressional support, that agreement died. But earlier this year, the dams’ owner, PacifiCorp, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/\" target=\"_blank\">applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to abandon its interests\u003c/a>, a move that doesn’t require congressional approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With dam removal now in process, sharing water remains a separate negotiation. Several parties to the original deal confirm talks about water rights and water allocation have begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11186151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11186151\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The headwaters of Upper Klamath Lake, seen from the Wood River Valley in Oregon, are subject to a number of competing water rights from different groups.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The headwaters of Upper Klamath Lake, seen from the Wood River Valley in Oregon, are subject to a number of competing water rights from different groups. \u003ccite>(Chrysten Lambert/Trout Unlimited)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There is a water allocation that's needed,” says John Bezdek, a special counsel to the federal Secretary of the Interior. He points to the Department of the Interior’s many interests in the region: managing water and dams, managing tribal rights, and maintaining the health of fisheries. “Dam removal makes a lot of that easier, but dam removal does not finish the job on any of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finishing the job is a delicate operation. Paul Simmons, a lawyer for farmers and ranchers, says water rights are personal here for everyone. “It really is their identity and it’s an essential part of their culture,” he says. “When you start talking about changing that, it certainly is something that raises the stakes or makes the stakes different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overlapping and Personal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Federally recognized tribes in Oregon claim the most senior water rights in the Klamath Basin. Three years ago, the state of Oregon recognized that the Klamath Tribes’ claim on Upper Klamath Lake dates to “time immemorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I want the kids to be able to go down to the river and fish and bring home fish for their family.'\u003ccite>Wendy Ferris-George, a Karuk tribal member\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the lower basin, three more tribes in California -- the Karuk, the Yurok and the Hoopa -- claim water, too. And, while their rights vary, they share an interest in keeping enough water in the river to keep fish healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Ferris-George, a Karuk tribal member, gets emotional when she talks about it. “I want the kids to be able to go down to the river and fish and bring home fish for their family,” she says, her voice quavering. “I want the grandmothers and grandfathers not to have to worry about their families starving. That’s what’s happening on the river. Our people are living in poverty, but to native people it’s our life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Endangered Species Act also claims water, to sustain and nurture sucker fish in Upper Klamath Lake, and salmon and steelhead downriver. Complicating all of this, farmers and irrigators say they need water first promised to them by the federal government a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, when there’s not enough water, federal and state programs have spent hundreds of millions of dollars on habitat restoration, fishery management, and even emergency aid for farmers. The Department of the Interior’s John Bezdek \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=962447c3-e51d-4fff-8581-da2529d18dec\" target=\"_blank\">says\u003c/a> an agreement would save money in the long run. “I believe that the longer we go without settlement, the more resources are hurting and the more it causes people to re-evaluate where they are,” Bezdek says. “But I also believe that this basin and this group of stakeholders, they’ve been to the edge and back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Back From The Edge\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11186145\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11186145 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-800x693.jpg\" alt=\"A former G.I. picks a homestead number out of a pickle jar -- one way a number of families ended up in the Klamath Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-800x693.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-160x139.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-1020x884.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-1180x1023.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-960x832.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-240x208.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-375x325.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-520x451.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A former GI picks a homestead number out of a pickle jar -- one way a number of families ended up in the Klamath Basin. \u003ccite>(U.S. Bureau of Reclamation/Courtesy OIT Klamath Waters Collection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among those stakeholders are farmers and ranchers on a quarter-million acres of land, some of it former marshes drained by the federal government more than a century ago after it dammed the Klamath and began storing water for irrigation in Upper Klamath Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The edge that Bezdek is talking about came 15 years ago, when water shortages forced the federal government to turn off the spigot to more than a quarter-million acres of land. That decision sent guys like Scott Seus, a third-generation farmer in Tulelake, scrambling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on a busy fall day, Seus hops into a combine to harvest mint. He says he wants to make sure a fourth-generation Seus can farm here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandfather was a homesteader here in 1947. He drew a number out of the pickle jar,” says Seus. Former GIs would draw a number and then stick a pin in a map to show where they wanted to homestead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They actually lived in one of the barracks that was part of the Japanese internment camp here,” he says. “The people that survived here were the tough ones. And since 2001, our community gets smaller and smaller, and there’s less and less people here that are survivors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seus has survived by diversifying risk and cost in his crops. He grows mint, horseradish, onions, garlic and grain. The amount, and his income, depend on the water available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've got to know that I've got water next year to get through,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11186150\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11186150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Seus farms organic mint for tea. His crops are watered by the Klamath River through a federal irrigation project.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Seus farms organic mint for tea. His crops are watered by the Klamath River through a federal irrigation project. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Seus says, he’s gained an understanding of the needs of others along the Klamath. In 2002, a year after his water was shut off, tens of thousands of salmon died downstream, in Yurok country, near Blue Creek. It was a devastating loss to the tribes downriver, and one which galvanized their efforts to remove four dams that have long blocked fish passage up the main stem of the Klamath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm happy for them that they're going to get the dams out ... and it's going to make everything right,” he says, about the tribes, which farmers like him used to only see as opponents. His support is genuine, but tempered. “I'm not here to say, 'Don't do that,' but I am expecting them to understand that I need to farm, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years of drought appear to be ending in the Klamath Basin, and predictions suggest a snowy winter. But Seus still supports an agreement to share water, because he says the real enemy for farmers like him now is doubt. “There is only one path forward,” says Seus. “That's that everybody's got to get back together and try to see this thing through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Klamath water users say they don’t know what to expect from the incoming Trump administration. So far, it’s brought uncertainty, the exact thing that guys like Scott Seus try to avoid. For now, water users in this area stand by the idea that the best solution to their problems still lies with each other.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":" 'I want the kids to be able to go down to the river and fish and bring home fish for their family,' says Wendy Ferris-George, Karuk tribal member. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479927905,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1426},"headData":{"title":"In the Klamath River Basin, Water Rights Are Personal | KQED","description":" 'I want the kids to be able to go down to the river and fish and bring home fish for their family,' says Wendy Ferris-George, Karuk tribal member. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"In the Klamath River Basin, Water Rights Are Personal","datePublished":"2016-11-23T15:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2016-11-23T19:05:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11180060 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11180060","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/23/in-the-klamath-river-basin-water-rights-are-personal/","disqusTitle":"In the Klamath River Basin, Water Rights Are Personal","nprByline":" Molly Peterson","path":"/news/11180060/in-the-klamath-river-basin-water-rights-are-personal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You’d think a bird would have an easy time finding a watery rest stop along the over 260-mile-long Klamath River. That should be especially true in the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, a huge marshland along the Pacific Flyway. But in 2012 a dry year cut water supplies, which then chopped available wetlands in half and accelerated the spread of avian cholera. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/03/29/avian-cholera-kills-thousands-of-birds-in-northern-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Up to 20,000 birds died off\u003c/a>, including snow geese, ducks and coots. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water rights along the Klamath River have always been a matter of survival, and birds aren’t the only ones competing for water -- they're just the last in line. The federal government manages a complex hierarchy of rights along the river, claimed by irrigators, tribes and fish in the two states it runs through: California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And shortages are becoming more common. “The challenges we have here are because we’ve promised too much water to too many people,” says Trout Unlimited’s Chrysten Lambert. “We’ve promised more water than there is here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the November election has brought stories of uncertainty and division, in the Klamath Basin a sprawling and unlikely group of allies has been working across political lines for years to establish a sustainable sense of the river. Six years ago, they hashed out a huge compromise deal, to take out dams, sort out rights and allocate water. Without congressional support, that agreement died. But earlier this year, the dams’ owner, PacifiCorp, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/\" target=\"_blank\">applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to abandon its interests\u003c/a>, a move that doesn’t require congressional approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With dam removal now in process, sharing water remains a separate negotiation. Several parties to the original deal confirm talks about water rights and water allocation have begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11186151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11186151\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The headwaters of Upper Klamath Lake, seen from the Wood River Valley in Oregon, are subject to a number of competing water rights from different groups.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21738_Wood-River-Valley-and-Upper-Klamath-Lake-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The headwaters of Upper Klamath Lake, seen from the Wood River Valley in Oregon, are subject to a number of competing water rights from different groups. \u003ccite>(Chrysten Lambert/Trout Unlimited)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There is a water allocation that's needed,” says John Bezdek, a special counsel to the federal Secretary of the Interior. He points to the Department of the Interior’s many interests in the region: managing water and dams, managing tribal rights, and maintaining the health of fisheries. “Dam removal makes a lot of that easier, but dam removal does not finish the job on any of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finishing the job is a delicate operation. Paul Simmons, a lawyer for farmers and ranchers, says water rights are personal here for everyone. “It really is their identity and it’s an essential part of their culture,” he says. “When you start talking about changing that, it certainly is something that raises the stakes or makes the stakes different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overlapping and Personal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Federally recognized tribes in Oregon claim the most senior water rights in the Klamath Basin. Three years ago, the state of Oregon recognized that the Klamath Tribes’ claim on Upper Klamath Lake dates to “time immemorial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I want the kids to be able to go down to the river and fish and bring home fish for their family.'\u003ccite>Wendy Ferris-George, a Karuk tribal member\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the lower basin, three more tribes in California -- the Karuk, the Yurok and the Hoopa -- claim water, too. And, while their rights vary, they share an interest in keeping enough water in the river to keep fish healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wendy Ferris-George, a Karuk tribal member, gets emotional when she talks about it. “I want the kids to be able to go down to the river and fish and bring home fish for their family,” she says, her voice quavering. “I want the grandmothers and grandfathers not to have to worry about their families starving. That’s what’s happening on the river. Our people are living in poverty, but to native people it’s our life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Endangered Species Act also claims water, to sustain and nurture sucker fish in Upper Klamath Lake, and salmon and steelhead downriver. Complicating all of this, farmers and irrigators say they need water first promised to them by the federal government a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, when there’s not enough water, federal and state programs have spent hundreds of millions of dollars on habitat restoration, fishery management, and even emergency aid for farmers. The Department of the Interior’s John Bezdek \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=962447c3-e51d-4fff-8581-da2529d18dec\" target=\"_blank\">says\u003c/a> an agreement would save money in the long run. “I believe that the longer we go without settlement, the more resources are hurting and the more it causes people to re-evaluate where they are,” Bezdek says. “But I also believe that this basin and this group of stakeholders, they’ve been to the edge and back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Back From The Edge\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11186145\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11186145 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-800x693.jpg\" alt=\"A former G.I. picks a homestead number out of a pickle jar -- one way a number of families ended up in the Klamath Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-800x693.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-160x139.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-1020x884.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-1180x1023.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-960x832.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-240x208.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-375x325.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22890_e-mBOR-29-Jul-2005-1223-BlackBinders-BLB-1249-0001-qut-520x451.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A former GI picks a homestead number out of a pickle jar -- one way a number of families ended up in the Klamath Basin. \u003ccite>(U.S. Bureau of Reclamation/Courtesy OIT Klamath Waters Collection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among those stakeholders are farmers and ranchers on a quarter-million acres of land, some of it former marshes drained by the federal government more than a century ago after it dammed the Klamath and began storing water for irrigation in Upper Klamath Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The edge that Bezdek is talking about came 15 years ago, when water shortages forced the federal government to turn off the spigot to more than a quarter-million acres of land. That decision sent guys like Scott Seus, a third-generation farmer in Tulelake, scrambling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on a busy fall day, Seus hops into a combine to harvest mint. He says he wants to make sure a fourth-generation Seus can farm here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandfather was a homesteader here in 1947. He drew a number out of the pickle jar,” says Seus. Former GIs would draw a number and then stick a pin in a map to show where they wanted to homestead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They actually lived in one of the barracks that was part of the Japanese internment camp here,” he says. “The people that survived here were the tough ones. And since 2001, our community gets smaller and smaller, and there’s less and less people here that are survivors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seus has survived by diversifying risk and cost in his crops. He grows mint, horseradish, onions, garlic and grain. The amount, and his income, depend on the water available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've got to know that I've got water next year to get through,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11186150\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11186150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Seus farms organic mint for tea. His crops are watered by the Klamath River through a federal irrigation project.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21538_IMG_7128-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Seus farms organic mint for tea. His crops are watered by the Klamath River through a federal irrigation project. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Seus says, he’s gained an understanding of the needs of others along the Klamath. In 2002, a year after his water was shut off, tens of thousands of salmon died downstream, in Yurok country, near Blue Creek. It was a devastating loss to the tribes downriver, and one which galvanized their efforts to remove four dams that have long blocked fish passage up the main stem of the Klamath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm happy for them that they're going to get the dams out ... and it's going to make everything right,” he says, about the tribes, which farmers like him used to only see as opponents. His support is genuine, but tempered. “I'm not here to say, 'Don't do that,' but I am expecting them to understand that I need to farm, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years of drought appear to be ending in the Klamath Basin, and predictions suggest a snowy winter. But Seus still supports an agreement to share water, because he says the real enemy for farmers like him now is doubt. “There is only one path forward,” says Seus. “That's that everybody's got to get back together and try to see this thing through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Klamath water users say they don’t know what to expect from the incoming Trump administration. So far, it’s brought uncertainty, the exact thing that guys like Scott Seus try to avoid. For now, water users in this area stand by the idea that the best solution to their problems still lies with each other.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11180060/in-the-klamath-river-basin-water-rights-are-personal","authors":["byline_news_11180060"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_356"],"tags":["news_6803","news_19978","news_6801","news_17286","news_17041","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11186147","label":"news_72"},"news_11156846":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11156846","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11156846","score":null,"sort":[1479822603000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-removing-klamath-dams-lead-to-a-salmon-revival","title":"Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone?","publishDate":1479822603,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]Y[/dropcap]ear after year, volunteers return to tributaries of the Klamath River, just like the fish they’re trying to help do the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimmy Peterson, a fisheries project coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mkwc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Mid-Klamath Watershed Council\u003c/a>, places rocks and stones to make fish passages in Fort Goff Creek, 60 miles up from the river’s mouth on California's North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This creek has extremely awesome habitat up top here,” Peterson says. “Extremely awesome.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he translates: “The water stays really cold and there’s plenty of nice spawning gravel that go up fairly far into the watershed. There’s not a lot of human activity up there either, so it’s fairly untouched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists estimate that a century ago, hundreds of thousands of coho may have run up the Klamath’s streams and tributaries. Now it’s a few thousand. Federal and private grants fund the council’s work, helping coho access \"extremely awesome\" habitat because coho are threatened with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams aren’t the only reason salmon, trout and other fish need help on the Klamath. But they are a big one. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/removal-of-klamath-dams-would-be-largest-river-restoration-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\">The promise of dam removal\u003c/a> is free passage for fish up to cooler spots and native headwaters. And the Klamath River, near California’s northern border, may become the next big western river to see that happen. Federal energy regulators are considering a plan that would open hundreds of miles of the Klamath to the potential of the largest river restoration in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam.'\u003ccite>Interior Secretary Sally Jewell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Three of the dams are on the California side of the river. The lowest of these is Iron Gate Dam, near Hornbrook, in Siskiyou County, which has trapped silty sand, clay and rocks behind its walls. Reservoirs behind multiple dams slow water down and heat it up into a toxic algae breeding ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Winding Path to Dam Removal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, these dams almost went away as part of a locally driven deal among fishery advocates, tribal and farming interests from two states, above the dams and below. California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger touted the plan’s goals: removing dams, sharing water, and, yes, helping fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can see already, the salmon fishes screaming, 'I’ll be back,'” he said to a roomful of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Congress sat on the deal for five years, and it fizzled in Washington. Now, dam removal is moving forward again, without Congress this time, thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/06/historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river/\" target=\"_blank\">an agreement signed in April\u003c/a> at the mouth of the Klamath. At the ceremony, Interior Secretary Sally Jewell remembered visiting another big dam: the Elwha, in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11184488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing the Klamath to that river, Jewell sees a lot of potential for fish restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see in that dam removal project how fast the salmon have returned, way up into the tributaries, faster than the scientists thought they ever would,” she said. “And to see how fast the shoreline has been healed, which will happen right here at the mouth of the Klamath River, is a true inspiration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the Dynamite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition crews blasted through the last dam on the Elwha River two years ago. That river is still healing. And the Klamath is somewhat bigger: Its dams hold more silt and gravel behind them than the Elwha dams did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muddy, turbid waters aren’t good for salmon and steelhead. So to minimize harm, the plan for the Klamath is to drain the existing reservoirs in winter, sending water and silt downriver and toward the sea. Crews would destroy all of the dams in the same year. A stubborn plug of dirt would stay behind; proponents of removal expect time and rain to gradually spread it downriver. [contextly_sidebar id=\"5eXGF4ypC5X5SXqrpwqufqEkRRtTMAcH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Trout’s Curtis Knight says those first turbulent and dirty years are often hard on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But what you see quite quickly is a rebound and an ability of that river, now that it’s running free, to move that sediment,” he says. Without sediment feeding it, the riverbed downstream has dropped in elevation. Knight says as the river channels fill in, fish will have an easier time getting upstream to spawning areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there’s some uncertainty how fast after dam removal the river and its fish might recover. The complexity of the river system makes some elements of a comprehensive recovery plan uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we going to restore it back to?” asks NOAA Fisheries specialist Bob Pagliuco. “I don’t think we’re ever going to restore it back to pre-European times. Or if we want to bring it back to where it was 10,000 years ago, I don’t think we’re going to be able to do that. So I think we’re going to essentially enhance things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without dams, water quality problems remain. Some of the issues are natural, some are from farming and grazing, land uses that have replaced wetland marshes upriver, around the Klamath’s headwaters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon alfalfa grower Gary Derry is like many farmers: a fisherman, too. He’s mostly worried about his bottom line. So he wants to know restoration plans will work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184517\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11184517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we're going to do something, if something's going to happen, if the fish need more water, let's make sure that water benefits the fish. Let's not just say, ‘Well, we thought it was going to help, but it didn't.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Glimpses of the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upriver and down, efforts are underway to rehabilitate land around the Klamath’s waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, the goal is to do what Jimmy Peterson does in places like Fort Goff Creek. According to NOAA's Pagliuco, one federal study has found that fish grow up to six times faster in those habitat types than in adjacent, unimproved habitats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't really know that restoration as a whole is going to work on the Klamath, but we do have snapshots that these fish are growing bigger, that they're utilizing these projects,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Oregon, Trout Unlimited’s Chrysten Lambert says restoration projects are already working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely see responses in the native fish populations when we remove passage barriers, when we decrease temperature and when we restore complexity of habitat to provide them with important areas we need for spawning and rearing,” she says. “We do see responses in the native fish populations oftentimes immediately from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lambert also works with private landowners to modify land use to minimize nutrient runoff. With help from her organization, some ranchers have put up fencing to keep cattle from wandering into and damaging streams. Keeping cattle out also helps the recovery of streamside vegetation that helps filter pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where farmers and cattlemen have been around four or five generations, even small changes like these can prompt major discussion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what’s challenging is, you’re talking about people changing how much land they have to graze and when they graze it,\" Lambert said. \"Which goes straight to the bottom line of their operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon rancher Becky Hyde says she has idled land, or put it into dry-land crop rather than irrigating it. \"That changes how much money we can make, which we have to think through,\" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hyde also sees a value. \"We still graze our river, but we changed the timing of when we graze, so that it's more beneficial for the grasses and the healing of the river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11184522\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salmon Since Time Immemorial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along California’s North Coast, the stakes for salmon recovery are a matter of identity. Native tribal culture revolves around fish, and the Yurok tribe has federally protected rights to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t always been that way, says the tribe’s vice chief, David Gensaw Jr. He remembers in 1978 when the state banned tribal and sport fishing in the Klamath River estuary. Federal agents with billy clubs grabbed Yurok tribal members and the salmon they had caught with gillnets. The federal government eventually returned rights to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gensaw’s sense of stewardship has been constant. And this year, the outlook for the salmon fishery was bleak. Fishery managers allotted the Yurok less than one salmon a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ancestors told us, when the fish are gone, so are the Yurok people,” he says. “And we don’t plan to go anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok aren’t alone: Other interests have water rights here, too. Taking the dams out doesn’t settle who gets the water they want. Now, once again, people in the Klamath Basin are negotiating over a way to share.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A plan to remove dams along the Klamath could help endangered coho salmon.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1479835514,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1618},"headData":{"title":"Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone? | KQED","description":"A plan to remove dams along the Klamath could help endangered coho salmon.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone?","datePublished":"2016-11-22T13:50:03.000Z","dateModified":"2016-11-22T17:25:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11156846 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11156846","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/22/will-removing-klamath-dams-lead-to-a-salmon-revival/","disqusTitle":"Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone?","path":"/news/11156846/will-removing-klamath-dams-lead-to-a-salmon-revival","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Y\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ear after year, volunteers return to tributaries of the Klamath River, just like the fish they’re trying to help do the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimmy Peterson, a fisheries project coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mkwc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Mid-Klamath Watershed Council\u003c/a>, places rocks and stones to make fish passages in Fort Goff Creek, 60 miles up from the river’s mouth on California's North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This creek has extremely awesome habitat up top here,” Peterson says. “Extremely awesome.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he translates: “The water stays really cold and there’s plenty of nice spawning gravel that go up fairly far into the watershed. There’s not a lot of human activity up there either, so it’s fairly untouched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists estimate that a century ago, hundreds of thousands of coho may have run up the Klamath’s streams and tributaries. Now it’s a few thousand. Federal and private grants fund the council’s work, helping coho access \"extremely awesome\" habitat because coho are threatened with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams aren’t the only reason salmon, trout and other fish need help on the Klamath. But they are a big one. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/removal-of-klamath-dams-would-be-largest-river-restoration-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\">The promise of dam removal\u003c/a> is free passage for fish up to cooler spots and native headwaters. And the Klamath River, near California’s northern border, may become the next big western river to see that happen. Federal energy regulators are considering a plan that would open hundreds of miles of the Klamath to the potential of the largest river restoration in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam.'\u003ccite>Interior Secretary Sally Jewell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Three of the dams are on the California side of the river. The lowest of these is Iron Gate Dam, near Hornbrook, in Siskiyou County, which has trapped silty sand, clay and rocks behind its walls. Reservoirs behind multiple dams slow water down and heat it up into a toxic algae breeding ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Winding Path to Dam Removal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, these dams almost went away as part of a locally driven deal among fishery advocates, tribal and farming interests from two states, above the dams and below. California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger touted the plan’s goals: removing dams, sharing water, and, yes, helping fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can see already, the salmon fishes screaming, 'I’ll be back,'” he said to a roomful of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Congress sat on the deal for five years, and it fizzled in Washington. Now, dam removal is moving forward again, without Congress this time, thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/06/historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river/\" target=\"_blank\">an agreement signed in April\u003c/a> at the mouth of the Klamath. At the ceremony, Interior Secretary Sally Jewell remembered visiting another big dam: the Elwha, in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11184488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing the Klamath to that river, Jewell sees a lot of potential for fish restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see in that dam removal project how fast the salmon have returned, way up into the tributaries, faster than the scientists thought they ever would,” she said. “And to see how fast the shoreline has been healed, which will happen right here at the mouth of the Klamath River, is a true inspiration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the Dynamite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition crews blasted through the last dam on the Elwha River two years ago. That river is still healing. And the Klamath is somewhat bigger: Its dams hold more silt and gravel behind them than the Elwha dams did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muddy, turbid waters aren’t good for salmon and steelhead. So to minimize harm, the plan for the Klamath is to drain the existing reservoirs in winter, sending water and silt downriver and toward the sea. Crews would destroy all of the dams in the same year. A stubborn plug of dirt would stay behind; proponents of removal expect time and rain to gradually spread it downriver. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Trout’s Curtis Knight says those first turbulent and dirty years are often hard on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But what you see quite quickly is a rebound and an ability of that river, now that it’s running free, to move that sediment,” he says. Without sediment feeding it, the riverbed downstream has dropped in elevation. Knight says as the river channels fill in, fish will have an easier time getting upstream to spawning areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there’s some uncertainty how fast after dam removal the river and its fish might recover. The complexity of the river system makes some elements of a comprehensive recovery plan uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we going to restore it back to?” asks NOAA Fisheries specialist Bob Pagliuco. “I don’t think we’re ever going to restore it back to pre-European times. Or if we want to bring it back to where it was 10,000 years ago, I don’t think we’re going to be able to do that. So I think we’re going to essentially enhance things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without dams, water quality problems remain. Some of the issues are natural, some are from farming and grazing, land uses that have replaced wetland marshes upriver, around the Klamath’s headwaters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon alfalfa grower Gary Derry is like many farmers: a fisherman, too. He’s mostly worried about his bottom line. So he wants to know restoration plans will work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184517\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11184517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we're going to do something, if something's going to happen, if the fish need more water, let's make sure that water benefits the fish. Let's not just say, ‘Well, we thought it was going to help, but it didn't.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Glimpses of the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upriver and down, efforts are underway to rehabilitate land around the Klamath’s waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, the goal is to do what Jimmy Peterson does in places like Fort Goff Creek. According to NOAA's Pagliuco, one federal study has found that fish grow up to six times faster in those habitat types than in adjacent, unimproved habitats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't really know that restoration as a whole is going to work on the Klamath, but we do have snapshots that these fish are growing bigger, that they're utilizing these projects,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Oregon, Trout Unlimited’s Chrysten Lambert says restoration projects are already working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely see responses in the native fish populations when we remove passage barriers, when we decrease temperature and when we restore complexity of habitat to provide them with important areas we need for spawning and rearing,” she says. “We do see responses in the native fish populations oftentimes immediately from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lambert also works with private landowners to modify land use to minimize nutrient runoff. With help from her organization, some ranchers have put up fencing to keep cattle from wandering into and damaging streams. Keeping cattle out also helps the recovery of streamside vegetation that helps filter pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where farmers and cattlemen have been around four or five generations, even small changes like these can prompt major discussion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what’s challenging is, you’re talking about people changing how much land they have to graze and when they graze it,\" Lambert said. \"Which goes straight to the bottom line of their operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon rancher Becky Hyde says she has idled land, or put it into dry-land crop rather than irrigating it. \"That changes how much money we can make, which we have to think through,\" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hyde also sees a value. \"We still graze our river, but we changed the timing of when we graze, so that it's more beneficial for the grasses and the healing of the river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11184522\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salmon Since Time Immemorial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along California’s North Coast, the stakes for salmon recovery are a matter of identity. Native tribal culture revolves around fish, and the Yurok tribe has federally protected rights to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t always been that way, says the tribe’s vice chief, David Gensaw Jr. He remembers in 1978 when the state banned tribal and sport fishing in the Klamath River estuary. Federal agents with billy clubs grabbed Yurok tribal members and the salmon they had caught with gillnets. The federal government eventually returned rights to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gensaw’s sense of stewardship has been constant. And this year, the outlook for the salmon fishery was bleak. Fishery managers allotted the Yurok less than one salmon a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ancestors told us, when the fish are gone, so are the Yurok people,” he says. “And we don’t plan to go anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok aren’t alone: Other interests have water rights here, too. Taking the dams out doesn’t settle who gets the water they want. Now, once again, people in the Klamath Basin are negotiating over a way to share.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11156846/will-removing-klamath-dams-lead-to-a-salmon-revival","authors":["11223"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_6801","news_3531","news_17286","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11186051","label":"news_72"},"news_11099678":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11099678","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11099678","score":null,"sort":[1474959935000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams","title":"Will the Klamath River Be Renewed? Owner Applies to Remove 4 of 5 Dams","publishDate":1474959935,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The owner of four dams on the Klamath River and the nonprofit corporation created to take responsibility for their destruction recently filed long-awaited applications with federal regulators to remove the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major milestone,” said Mike Carrier, chair of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/\">Klamath River Renewal Corp.\u003c/a> (KRRC), an entity created to oversee the massive dam removal process. Federal officials estimate decommissioning and removal could cost at least $290 million, with that work to be paid for by ratepayers of PacifiCorp and the state of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Water_Bond_(2014)\">Proposition 1.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portland-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\">PacifiCorp \u003c/a>submitted paperwork on Sept. 23, seeking permission from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u003c/a> (FERC) to transfer ownership of the dams to the Klamath River Renewal Corp. KRRC joined that application, and is separately asking FERC to approve dam decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early 20th century hydropower that was constructed didn’t foresee some of the environmental consequences that it would create, such as sediment behind dams, and the blockage of fish passage for species like salmon and steelhead,” KRRC’s Carrier said. He added that a dam relicensing process made complicated by environmental regulations influenced PacifiCorp’s decision to retire the hydropower projects as well. “They penciled it out and realized that the best business decision would be to agree to dam decommissioning and removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Klamath River, which flows 263 miles from the plains of south-central Oregon to the rocky shores of California, is claimed by two states’ worth of farmers, fishers, native tribes and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is great news and there's no time to waste.'\u003ccite>Joshua Saxon, Karuk Tribe councilman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It once teemed with chinook, coho, steelhead and other trout runs throughout the year. Several Native American tribes, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/\">Hoopa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.karuk.us/\">Karuk\u003c/a> nations in California, have relied on its waters for thousands of years. Diverse interests have sparred over the Klamath for more than a century, when upriver dams began to enable irrigation, control flooding and create hydroelectricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, a year when upriver farmers’ water allocations were cut off, and 2002, when 70,000 fish died downriver, representatives of those diverse interests have negotiated ways to share the river and its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years ago the idea of dam removal was extremely foreign, yet it was an idea that the parties rallied around,” said John Bezdek, counsel to the deputy secretary at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\">U.S. Department of the Interior.\u003c/a> “They felt like with this central issue being addressed, it could provide a lot of the other things that was needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement and the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement aimed to improve water quality and fish habitat as well as create a framework to share water and end bitter water rights battles. But Republicans in Congress blocked the deals until they expired last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now applicants want to decommission and remove four of the Klamath’s five dams -- J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2 and Iron Gate Dam -- with work to begin in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is great news and there’s no time to waste,\" said Karuk Tribe Councilman Joshua Saxon, in a prepared statement. \"We are suffering from one of the worst salmon runs in history this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the support of PacificCorp, dam removal remains unpopular in some circles. Political leaders, including county supervisors in Siskiyou County, are vowing to contest the FERC application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series of stories from the Klamath River basin. In the coming weeks we'll continue to look at the politics, the people and the fish.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Portland-based PacifiCorp has filed a long-awaited application to remove its four dams on the river, which flows from the Oregon plains to the Northern California coast.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1474999043,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":617},"headData":{"title":"Will the Klamath River Be Renewed? Owner Applies to Remove 4 of 5 Dams | KQED","description":"Portland-based PacifiCorp has filed a long-awaited application to remove its four dams on the river, which flows from the Oregon plains to the Northern California coast.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Will the Klamath River Be Renewed? Owner Applies to Remove 4 of 5 Dams","datePublished":"2016-09-27T07:05:35.000Z","dateModified":"2016-09-27T17:57:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11099678 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11099678","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/","disqusTitle":"Will the Klamath River Be Renewed? Owner Applies to Remove 4 of 5 Dams","nprByline":"Molly Peterson ","nprStoryId":"495590709","path":"/news/11099678/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The owner of four dams on the Klamath River and the nonprofit corporation created to take responsibility for their destruction recently filed long-awaited applications with federal regulators to remove the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major milestone,” said Mike Carrier, chair of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/\">Klamath River Renewal Corp.\u003c/a> (KRRC), an entity created to oversee the massive dam removal process. Federal officials estimate decommissioning and removal could cost at least $290 million, with that work to be paid for by ratepayers of PacifiCorp and the state of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Water_Bond_(2014)\">Proposition 1.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portland-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\">PacifiCorp \u003c/a>submitted paperwork on Sept. 23, seeking permission from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u003c/a> (FERC) to transfer ownership of the dams to the Klamath River Renewal Corp. KRRC joined that application, and is separately asking FERC to approve dam decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early 20th century hydropower that was constructed didn’t foresee some of the environmental consequences that it would create, such as sediment behind dams, and the blockage of fish passage for species like salmon and steelhead,” KRRC’s Carrier said. He added that a dam relicensing process made complicated by environmental regulations influenced PacifiCorp’s decision to retire the hydropower projects as well. “They penciled it out and realized that the best business decision would be to agree to dam decommissioning and removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Klamath River, which flows 263 miles from the plains of south-central Oregon to the rocky shores of California, is claimed by two states’ worth of farmers, fishers, native tribes and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is great news and there's no time to waste.'\u003ccite>Joshua Saxon, Karuk Tribe councilman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It once teemed with chinook, coho, steelhead and other trout runs throughout the year. Several Native American tribes, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/\">Hoopa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.karuk.us/\">Karuk\u003c/a> nations in California, have relied on its waters for thousands of years. Diverse interests have sparred over the Klamath for more than a century, when upriver dams began to enable irrigation, control flooding and create hydroelectricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, a year when upriver farmers’ water allocations were cut off, and 2002, when 70,000 fish died downriver, representatives of those diverse interests have negotiated ways to share the river and its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years ago the idea of dam removal was extremely foreign, yet it was an idea that the parties rallied around,” said John Bezdek, counsel to the deputy secretary at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\">U.S. Department of the Interior.\u003c/a> “They felt like with this central issue being addressed, it could provide a lot of the other things that was needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement and the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement aimed to improve water quality and fish habitat as well as create a framework to share water and end bitter water rights battles. But Republicans in Congress blocked the deals until they expired last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now applicants want to decommission and remove four of the Klamath’s five dams -- J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2 and Iron Gate Dam -- with work to begin in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is great news and there’s no time to waste,\" said Karuk Tribe Councilman Joshua Saxon, in a prepared statement. \"We are suffering from one of the worst salmon runs in history this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the support of PacificCorp, dam removal remains unpopular in some circles. Political leaders, including county supervisors in Siskiyou County, are vowing to contest the FERC application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series of stories from the Klamath River basin. In the coming weeks we'll continue to look at the politics, the people and the fish.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11099678/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams","authors":["byline_news_11099678"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_19542","news_19978","news_6801","news_3531","news_17286","news_483","news_19976"],"featImg":"news_11105107","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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