California Has Bold Plans to Address Water Security and Boost Supply — but Will They Succeed?
About That Water ...
A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley
California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts
12 Important Things to Know About California's Drought
Three Big Ways to Save Water at Home
How Low Can We Go?
During 'Jaw-Dropping' California Drought, Governor Asks State to Limit Water Use
12 Simple Ways to Conserve Water at Home During a California Drought
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She loves to talk about running and curly hair.\r\n\r\nFollow: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice\">@oallenprice\u003c/a>\r\nEmail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:oallenprice@kqed.org\">oallenprice@kqed.org\u003c/a>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fdd38db811fcf449bd7d7db84a39eea1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"oallenprice","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"styleguide","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"pop","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"breakingnews","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Olivia Allen-Price | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fdd38db811fcf449bd7d7db84a39eea1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fdd38db811fcf449bd7d7db84a39eea1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ohubertallen"},"katrinaschwartz":{"type":"authors","id":"234","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"234","found":true},"name":"Katrina Schwartz","firstName":"Katrina","lastName":"Schwartz","slug":"katrinaschwartz","email":"kschwartz@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Producer","bio":"Katrina Schwartz is a journalist based in San Francisco. 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She is the co-host of the MindShift podcast and now produces KQED's Bay Curious podcast.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"kschwart","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Katrina Schwartz | KQED","description":"Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katrinaschwartz"},"markfiore":{"type":"authors","id":"3236","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3236","found":true},"name":"Mark Fiore","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Fiore","slug":"markfiore","email":"mark@markfiore.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED News Cartoonist","bio":"\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"carlysevern":{"type":"authors","id":"3243","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3243","found":true},"name":"Carly Severn","firstName":"Carly","lastName":"Severn","slug":"carlysevern","email":"csevern@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Senior Editor, Audience News ","bio":"Carly is KQED's Senior Editor of Audience News on the Digital News team, and has reported for the California Report Magazine, Bay Curious and KQED Arts. She's formerly the host of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/pop/category/the-cooler/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Cooler\u003c/a> podcast.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2d8d6765f186e64c798cf7f0c8088a41?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"teacupinthebay","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"pop","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Carly Severn | KQED","description":"Senior Editor, Audience News ","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2d8d6765f186e64c798cf7f0c8088a41?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2d8d6765f186e64c798cf7f0c8088a41?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/carlysevern"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11931467":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11931467","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11931467","score":null,"sort":[1667944759000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-has-bold-plans-to-address-water-security-and-boost-supply-but-will-they-succeed","title":"California Has Bold Plans to Address Water Security and Boost Supply — but Will They Succeed?","publishDate":1667944759,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Over and over again, drought launches California into a familiar scramble to provide enough water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities and towns \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/06/california-water-shortage/\">call for conservation and brace for shortages\u003c/a>. Growers \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/sacramento-valley-water-drought/\">fallow fields\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/shasta-river-water-standoff/\">ranchers sell cows\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://mydrywell.water.ca.gov/report/\">thousands of people\u003c/a> discover that they \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/08/california-groundwater-dry/\">can’t squeeze another drop from their wells\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where can California get enough water to survive the latest dry stretch — and the next one, and the next?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can it pump more water from the salty Pacific Ocean? Treat waste flushed down toilets and washed down drains? Capture runoff that flows off streets into storm drains? Tow Antarctic icebergs to Los Angeles?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/newsom-strategy-california-water-supply/\">unveiled a road map for bolstering the state water supply\u003c/a>. But the plan — which has few details, distant deadlines and scant plans for agriculture — \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-09-04/newsom-water-supply-strategy-falls-short\">has been met with criticism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time another drought rolls around, an array of suggestions rise to the surface. We take a look at the strategies that could work — along with the more outlandish ones — and the obstacles they face.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#75652c02-4d28-4b1a-85fc-4d4883f3d991\">Recycle more water\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Turning sewage into water is the Golden State equivalent of turning water into wine, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/direct_potable_reuse/dprframewkseced.pdf\">California has been doing it for decades (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians used about \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/recycled_water/docs/2022/volumetric-infographic-2021.pdf\">732,000 acre-feet of recycled water (PDF)\u003c/a> in 2021. That’s almost two-thirds of the water that the state’s major aqueduct funneled south in dry 2021 — equivalent to the amount used by roughly 2.6 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/direct_potable_reuse/dprframewkseced.pdf\">None of it flows directly from “toilet to tap” (PDF).\u003c/a> But the State Water Resources Control Board is \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">developing regulations for direct potable reuse (PDF)\u003c/a> of highly treated wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, much of California’s recycled water is used for non-drinking purposes, like irrigating landscapes, golf courses and crops. It also refills underground stores that provide drinking water. Southern California has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/direct_potable_reuse/dprframewkseced.pdf\">replenishing local groundwater supplies (PDF)\u003c/a> with recycled wastewater since the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11929864 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51691_043_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom called for \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\">ramping up recycled water use (PDF)\u003c/a> by 2030 by \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">roughly 9% (PDF)\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/recycled_water/docs/2022/volumetric-infographic-2021.pdf\">amount (PDF)\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">used in 2021 (PDF)\u003c/a>, rising to 1.8 million acre-feet by 2040. Critics, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-09-04/newsom-water-supply-strategy-falls-short\">voiced disappointment with the target’s lack of ambition\u003c/a>, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/board_decisions/adopted_orders/resolutions/2009/rs2009_0011_recyclewater.pdf\">falls short (PDF)\u003c/a> of previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">state goals (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, water suppliers are spending big to \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">build out water recycling facilities (PDF)\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/project-updates/purified-water-project-ensuring-reliable-groundwater-supply\">Northern\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/water/pdf/purewater/2014/fs_purewater.pdf\">Southern (PDF)\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/building-local-supplies/pure-water-southern-california/\">California (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a catch: As Californians replace their water-guzzling household appliances with more thrifty devices and let the yellow mellow before flushing, the waste stream becomes more concentrated — which could lead \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0529-2\">to higher treatment costs\u003c/a>, more contaminants and less recycled water overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#488fc469-bd9f-4571-8b55-456998d64136\">More desalination\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Desalination is an oft-touted fix for water woes in California, with its ample shoreline. But in practice, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/desalinating-seawater-sounds-easy-but-there-are-cheaper-and-more-sustainable-ways-to-meet-peoples-water-needs-184919\">environmental concerns and costs\u003c/a> have limited \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2019/09/f66/73355-7.pdf\">the energy-intensive practice \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four ocean water desalination facilities in California produce nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/safedrinkingwaterplan/docs/ExecSumPlan_Report.pdf#page=66\">60,000 acre-feet of drinking water \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>. More\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/desalination/#existing-facilities\"> provide water for industries or other facilities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New desalination proposals have been rife with controversy. The California Coastal Commission in 2022\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/california-desalination-plant-coastal-commission/\"> rejected a seawater desalination\u003c/a> plant in Huntington Beach, with state analysts warning of high costs, a lack of local demand and risks to marine life. But just months later, the commission pivoted, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/10/desalination-plants-california/\">greenlighting a plant in Orange County’s Dana Point\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931480\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2121px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931480\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538.jpg\" alt=\"A tangle of pipes at a desalination plant.\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538.jpg 2121w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Located in San Diego County, at the Encina Power Station, the Claude \"Bud\" Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant is the largest salt water desalination plant in the Western Hemisphere and provides 50 million gallons of desalinated seawater per day. \u003ccite>(Reed Kaestner/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lesser-known but rapidly growing strategy is brackish water desalination, which cleans up salty supplies, such as from groundwater, that can then be used for \u003ca href=\"https://www.chinodesalter.org/97/Facilities\">drinking water. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 23 of these plants have the capacity to produce nearly 140,000 acre-feet of water in a year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/safedrinkingwaterplan/docs/ExecSumPlan_Report.pdf#page=66\">based on a 2013 analysis (PDF). \u003c/a>They use \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/California-Water-Plan/Docs/RMS/2016/09_Desalination_July2016.pdf\">less energy \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/safedrinkingwaterplan/docs/ExecSumPlan_Report.pdf#page=66\">(PDF)\u003c/a> than their seawater counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#cf07019c-d4ca-4f14-bd54-6235cabc9680\">Capture stormwater runoff\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The rainwater and spillover from sprinklers that flows off roads, yards and rooftops — much of it eventually emptying into waterways or the ocean — could help boost California’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's urban areas shed 770,000 to 3.9 million acre-feet of runoff a year that could be captured, according to the Pacific Institute. That’s enough to supply between 2.7 million and 13.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential is highest in Southern California, which has lots of pavement that sends rainwater and irrigation runoff into storm drains. Collecting this runoff and feeding it into aquifers — or eventually treating it and sending it to taps — would avoid wasting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local agencies have been corralling stormwater to replenish aquifers for years, \u003ca href=\"https://data.ca.gov/dataset/stormwater-projects\">with dozens more projects in the works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofloodcontrol.org/\">Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District\u003c/a>, for instance, captures runoff across 400 square miles in Fresno County. The water is used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofloodcontrol.org/water-resources/groundwater-recharge/\">fill more than 150 ponds\u003c/a>, where it trickles through the soil to refill groundwater stores. In bone-dry 2021, storm flows \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofloodcontrol.org/water-resources/groundwater-recharge/\">accounted for almost all of the district’s groundwater recharge\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Monica has been a leader in treating urban runoff, and plans to upgrade a \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/PublicWorks/ContentCivEng.aspx?id=54194\">recycling facility\u003c/a> built near its famous pier more than 20 years ago. The plan is \u003ca href=\"https://www.santamonica.gov/sustainable-water-infrastructure-project-swip\">to treat the collected runoff and stormwater\u003c/a> so it’s clean enough to be injected directly into Santa Monica’s groundwater basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">Strategies for using stormwater (PDF)\u003c/a> also include installing permeable pavement in yards and communities and building basins that let it drain into the soil instead of flowing into storm drains or streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But barriers remain to capturing more of the flows. These \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">include high costs and a lack of funding \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, concerns about impacts to water quality and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-03-04/red-tape-ensnares-los-angeles-storm-water-capture-plan\">lengthy planning and approval processes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#f3d82891-5107-4592-965a-88d126a4dd67\">Transform California agriculture\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/faqs/#Q1\">agriculture is the most productive\u003c/a> in the country. But it also drinks up about \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/Agricultural-Water-Use-Efficiency\">80% of the developed water used in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much water is used by farms changes with the weather from year to year. But \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PI_Water_Use_Trends.pdf\">it remained generally flat \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> between the 1980s and 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only real way to reduce water use further in agriculture is to grow less food and farm products, or take more agricultural land out of production,” said Danny Merkley, water resources director with the California Farm Bureau Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almonds and pistachios are the \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/CA-Ag-Water-Use-1.pdf\">fourth most water-intensive crops in California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, after rice, alfalfa and irrigated pasture, according to the Pacific Institute. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Almond/Forecast/202205almpd.pdf\">Nut acreage \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> has \u003ca href=\"https://wsm.ucmerced.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2021-Drought-Impact-Assessment_20210224.pdf\">soared in the past 10 years \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, but what that means for water is less clear: State data lags and there’s no real-time monitoring of agricultural water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931482\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931482\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two cyclists ride by an irrigation canal.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Aqueduct carries water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to southern California. \u003ccite>(David McNew/ Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More changes are coming, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/feed/evaporative-demand-increase-across-lower-48-means-less-water-supplies-drier\">climate change parching crops\u003c/a> and state law calling for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/08/california-groundwater-dry/\">sustainable groundwater management.\u003c/a> Complying with California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act could require 500,000 to 1 million acres of prime agricultural land to come out of production in the San Joaquin Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/exploring-the-potential-for-water-limited-agriculture-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\">according to the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/grant-programs/Pages/Multibenefit-Land-Repurposing-Program.aspx\">earmarked $110 million over three years\u003c/a> to repurpose agricultural land and put it toward other uses, such as groundwater recharge and habitat restoration. \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2022/Oct-22/State-Collaborates-with-Farmers-to-Conserve-Water-Provide-Habitat-for-Migratory-Birds\">Other funding is provided to growers who fallow their fields\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers also could opt for \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/exploring-the-potential-for-water-limited-agriculture-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\">crops grown during the rainy season\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/09/california-drought-farmers/\">breed more drought-tolerant varieties\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.v066n02p55\">leaving crop residues in fields\u003c/a> and reducing tillage can allow soil to retain more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More efficient irrigation systems help, too. But the Farm Bureau’s Merkley said making water go further is growing more difficult and smaller growers can struggle to pay for it. Also, an international team of researchers warned that increased efficiency \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat9314\">must be accompanied by robust monitoring and caps on water extractions\u003c/a>. Otherwise, they wrote, it can backfire by prompting planting of more acreage with more water-intensive crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#83001060-ef40-47ba-aa25-0f0dc9762049\">Tear out lawns\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2022/Sep-22/DWR-Takes-Actions-to-Support-Future-Water-Supply-Strategy#:~:text=California%20also%20recently%20took%20additional,and%2042%20gallons%20by%202030.\">About half of water used in cities and towns\u003c/a> is used outdoors for washing cars, hosing down sidewalks and irrigating \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/sites/UrbanHort/Turfgrass_Management\">roughly 4 million acres of turf\u003c/a>. Turf drinks up the most water in any month, in any part of California, of any plant analyzed in \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/regs/docs/2022/trees-and-parklands-preface.pdf\">a state report \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tearing out turf and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants could save between 1 million and 1.5 million acre-feet per year, with \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PI_California_Untapped_Urban_Water_Potential_2022-1.pdf\">the largest savings coming from residences \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, the Pacific Institute estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California temporarily banned watering decorative, non-functional turf at businesses and institutions under emergency \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/press_room/press_releases/2022/pr06142022-new-statewide-emergency-conservation-regulation-in-effect.pdf\">regulations adopted in May 2022 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, and is reviving rebates for tearing out turf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931484\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2127px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913.jpg\" alt=\"A sprinkler with multiple streams watering green grass.\" width=\"2127\" height=\"1409\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913.jpg 2127w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2127px) 100vw, 2127px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pacific Institute estimates that tearing out turf and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants could save between 1 million and 1.5 million acre-feet per year. \u003ccite>(Shawn Waldron/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A statewide turf replacement program that began during the last drought tapped out in June 2020 after putting more than $20.5 million toward helping people replace their lawns. Local water providers \u003ca href=\"https://socalwatersmart.com/en/residential/rebates/available-rebates/turf-replacement-program/\">continued their own multi-million dollar efforts\u003c/a>, however, and the state put \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2022-23/pdf/Enacted/GovernorsBudget/3000/3860.pdf\">$75 million in funding toward rebates in the state’s 2022-2023 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1752-1688.12901\">The Metropolitan Water District\u003c/a> has spent more than $350 million coaxing Southern Californians to convert more than 200 million square feet of turf. And there is a ripple effect, with \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1752-1688.12901\">some of their neighbors tearing out their lawns\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are limits to peer pressure. \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-08-22/kim-kardashian-kevin-hart-california-drought-water-waste\">Celebrities\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Repeat-offenders-among-hundreds-of-East-Bay-17534485.php\">others\u003c/a> continue to be called out for over-watering their yards, and urban water use remains high, with cities and towns, particularly in Southern California, failing to meet Newsom’s goal to cut their water use by 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#6a1996dc-c975-4a14-90b2-d5390efce09f\">Replumb California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A controversial \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">plan to replumb the California Delta\u003c/a> — decades in the making — would funnel water from new intakes north of the delta as well as existing south Delta pumps, sending hundreds of thousands more acre-feet of water south instead of allowing it to flow out to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state’s environmental review \u003ca href=\"https://www.deltaconveyanceproject.com/read-the-document\">has raised serious concerns\u003c/a> that the tunnel project could harm \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/07/delta-tunnel-water-report/\">endangered salmon and other species\u003c/a>. And, if eventually approved, it would take decades to complete and cost billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s existing networks of pipes, aqueducts and canals lose precious supplies to leaks and evaporation. Some strategies have emerged to reduce these losses, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.iid.com/water/library/all-american-canal-lining-project\">lining canals\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-019-8487-6\">which can also impede groundwater recharge\u003c/a> — or \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/first-solar-canal-project-is-a-win-for-water-energy-air-and-climate-in-california-177433\">covering them with solar panels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cities and towns, water suppliers \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/rulemaking/isor.pdf\">lose roughly 316,000 acre-feet of water \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> every year through leaks in their vast mazes of pipes. The state set new standards requiring water providers to meet loss targets starting in 2028, which could save about 88,000 acre-feet a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#4fb7112e-4f1c-4711-a854-ef5d9b0583c6\">Store more water in reservoirs\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cdiv class=\"explainer-card__content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-cal-explainers-card\">\n\u003cp>Reservoirs aren’t the field of dreams: Even when we build them, the water doesn’t necessarily come. Statewide reservoir \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/service/document/hydroreport?_=1664980284640\">storage plunged to 69% below average\u003c/a> by the end of September 2022, on the heels of the state’s driest \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/09/california-drought-likely-to-continue/\">three-year stretch on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cwc.ca.gov/Water-Storage/WSIP-Project-Review-Portal\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>, approved in 2014, set aside $2.7 billion to fund water storage projects. The three projects eligible to receive funding, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2022-05-31/drought-resurrects-plan-for-controversial-reservoir\">which include the controversial Sites reservoir,\u003c/a> would increase storage capacity by more than 1.75 million acre-feet, enough to supply more than 6 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much they would increase the water supply available each year, however, is unclear. Lengthy droughts deplete reservoir storage, and \"the average volume of new water from these facilities is small, and costs are high,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/californias-water-storing-water-november-2018.pdf\">the Public Policy Institute of California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> warned in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2190px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092.jpg\" alt=\"A view of Shasta Dam, a dam wall with big blue reservoir of Shasta lake behind it and treelined hills in the background.\" width=\"2190\" height=\"1369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092.jpg 2190w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-1536x960.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-2048x1280.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-1920x1200.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2190px) 100vw, 2190px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Statewide reservoir storage plunged to 69% below average by the end of Sept. 2022, on the heels of the state’s driest 3-year stretch on record. \u003ccite>(Wenli Li/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many reservoirs in California do double duty as flood control which means that space for potential floods \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/firo/\">must be maintained even in dry years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state, federal and local water managers are working with \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/firo/\">scientists\u003c/a> on strategies to reduce flood risk while reserving more water in California’s reservoirs. Water managers at Lake Mendocino, for instance, are incorporating \u003ca href=\"https://www.drought.gov/regional-activities/forecast-informed-reservoir-operations-firo\">new weather forecasting\u003c/a> tools to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/firo\">update decades-old guidelines\u003c/a> governing when to hold onto water and when to release it. The strategy increased the lake’s storage by \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-WRP-Progress-Report.pdf\">nearly 20% in 2020, with most of the water going to agriculture \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#0469ec6c-04dc-4175-8b42-09fb00a29cb2\">Recharge groundwater basins\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s underground aquifers can hold vastly more water than its reservoirs — \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/ff075c25b77e4b1d95ce86a82bf0fe96\">between 850 million and 1.3 billion acre-feet\u003c/a> of capacity below ground, compared to \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=STORSUM\">about 38.1 million acre-feet above\u003c/a> ground, according to the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local districts have been carefully tending groundwater for decades. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/gwrs/the-process/process-steps/water-delivery/\">Orange County Water District\u003c/a>, for instance, pumps highly treated water underground to keep seawater at bay and to replenish local drinking-water stores. In the Southern San Joaquin Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Groundwater-Recharge-for-a-Regional-Water-Bank-Kern-Water-Bank-Kern-County-California.pdf\">water suppliers\u003c/a> funnel \u003ca href=\"https://www.kwb.org/groundwater-sustainability/recharge-recovery/\">surface water into underground storage\u003c/a> at the controversial Kern Water Bank, largely for agricultural irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration has called for increasing groundwater recharge yearly by at least 500,000 acre-feet. But ongoing challenges remain to widespread groundwater recharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot more empty aquifers than there are unclaimed sources of water in California,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/about/people/michael-kiparsky/\">Michael Kiparsky\u003c/a>, Water Program Director at the Center for Law, Energy & the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just about the amount of water, Kiparsky said, it’s also about the logistics. California will need to ensure there’s enough capacity \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/how-much-water-is-available-for-groundwater-recharge/\">to quickly move flood flows to the right basins\u003c/a> for recharge during California’s brief rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless that bottleneck is widened, plans to end the overdraft of depleted aquifers in the San Joaquin Valley are calling for more groundwater recharge than is likely realistic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">according to the Public Policy Institute of California (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#b41cece5-574f-4534-a444-19e07691d13f\">Control greenhouse gases\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Climate change is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386383/\">worsening droughts\u003c/a> and is expected to fuel even \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\">more extreme swings from dry to deluge\u003c/a>. The Newsom administration warns that climate change could deplete state water supplies \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\">by up to 10% by 2040 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curbing use of fossil fuels globally can blunt some of the severity of future droughts, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3115/nasa-drought-research-shows-value-of-both-climate-mitigation-and-adaptation/\">reported\u003c/a>. But even California, which prides itself on its green image, will need to pick up the pace to meet state goals for cutting greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931488\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931488\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Kids splashing around in an outdoor splash pad.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-800x480.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-1020x612.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-1536x922.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate change is worsening droughts and is expected to fuel even more extreme swings from dry to deluge. The Newsom administration warns that climate change could deplete state water supplies by up to 10% by 2040. \u003ccite>(Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Much larger reductions are needed to reach the ambitious 2030 target — an additional 40% reduction below the original 2020 limit,” \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/latest-state-greenhouse-gas-inventory-shows-emissions-continue-drop-below-2020-target\">Air Resources Board Chair Liane Randolph said in July, 2021. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s clean air regulators are ramping up their efforts \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/09/california-climate-change-plan/\">in the state’s updated climate roadmap\u003c/a>. But parts of the plan, including its reliance on technologies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or capture it from smokestacks, remain contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#2104d2c3-4a7a-4116-b1c9-3eedc45d49c7\">Reform water rights\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s water supplies are governed by an arcane and complex rights system based on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/about_us/water_boards_structure/history_water_rights.html\">Gold Rush-era philosophy of “first in time, first in right.”\u003c/a> Generally, those with the oldest claims are the last to be cut back during shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental justice advocates and legal experts point out that this system of seniority is plagued with inequalities and based on a history of violence and \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/2022/03/16/elc-supports-efforts-by-tribes-and-environmental-justice-advocates-to-reframe-california-water-rights/\">systematic exclusion of Native peoples and people of color\u003c/a>. Legislative analysts also \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/resources/2009/water_rights_issues_perspectives_031009.pdf\">warned more than a decade ago \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> that, in some cases, water rights are “oversubscribed,” meaning they allocate more water than is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest drought prompted California officials to periodically \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-delta-water-cutbacks/\">curtail water rights across the state\u003c/a> as supplies dwindled. But \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/shasta-river-water-standoff/\">a scuffle in the Shasta Valley\u003c/a>, when some ranchers temporarily refused to comply, revealed that the state’s enforcement muscle is slow to flex and hamstrung by restrictions on penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water law experts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcl.org/media/2022/02/Updating-California-Water-Laws-to-Address-with-Drought-and-Climate-Change.pdf\">been pushing for changes \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>. Recommendations include increasing funding to help Native tribes and other underrepresented groups participate in state water proceedings, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcl.org/media/2022/02/Updating-California-Water-Laws-to-Address-with-Drought-and-Climate-Change.pdf\">granting state water regulators more authority \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> to act swiftly when people violate curtailment orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A water board spokesperson said that they are developing pilot projects to collect real-time data about water diversions, and are considering “adopting regulations that would allow for curtailments of water rights in years when there is not a declared drought emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#9801f1c7-3945-4b12-b3b6-cd4302481093\">More cloud seeding and solar panels\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A couple strategies sound like science fiction, but they are already being used and hold some promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofsb.org/2548/Cloud-Seeding-Precipitation-Enhancement\">Santa Barbara County\u003c/a> has been practicing cloud seeding for decades — releasing \u003ca href=\"https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/be2de2b5-10fe-433d-9369-eb68ba70b267?scope=all\">tiny particles of silver iodide\u003c/a> into the atmosphere during certain storms to coax water vapor into forming ice crystals and falling to earth. Researchers say it’s difficult \u003ca href=\"https://ams.confex.com/ams/Annual2005/techprogram/paper_83339.htm\">to evaluate how well it works\u003c/a>, partly because precipitation is so variable, \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283492150_TARGETCONTROL_ANALYSES_FOR_SANTA_BARBARA_COUNTY%27S_OPERATIONAL_WINTER_CLOUD_SEEDING_PROGRAM\">but one analysis\u003c/a> pointed to increased precipitation of 9% to 21% in two target areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Desert Research Institute has led this effort, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dri.edu/cloud-seeding-program/current-cloud-seeding-operations/\">seeding clouds\u003c/a> in California’s San Joaquin Valley, Nevada, Wyoming, Montana, Colorado and Australia. In Wyoming, its 10-year experiment in mountain regions increased snowpack from winter storms by 5% to 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931493\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2121px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931493\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133.jpg\" alt=\"Clouds with a small plane flying through.\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133.jpg 2121w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cloud seeding involves releasing tiny particles of silver iodide into the atmosphere during certain storms to coax water vapor into forming ice crystals and falling to earth. \u003ccite>(Artinun Prekmoung/EyeEm via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One Central Valley town has turned \u003ca href=\"https://www.source.co/resources/case-studies/solving-a-century-old-water-quality-issue-by-tapping-the-sky/\">to another unusual strategy\u003c/a>: solar-powered “hydropanels” that \u003ca href=\"https://www.source.co/how-hydropanels-work/\">draw water vapor from the air\u003c/a>. In \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2021/09/historic-black-town-california/\">Allensworth, a historic Black town\u003c/a>, hydropanels are expected to produce enough water to fill nearly 44,000 bottles over their lifetime — although not enough to replace the town’s contaminated groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These panels have been used \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/05/hydropanels-water-from-air\">around the world in places that lack clean water,\u003c/a> including a Navajo reservation in Arizona, and in Australia, India and Kenya. Actor Robert Downey Jr. even included them when he built his \u003ca href=\"https://thepuristonline.com/2021/04/back-to-the-future-susan-robert-downey-jr-s-sustainable-sanctuary/\">eco-friendly house in Malibu\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#226555b6-6f17-4e6e-90be-2981a0e70002\">Pipe dreams: pipelines to the Midwest and towing icebergs\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some strategies are as outlandish as they sound. \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/04/21/william-shatner-california-drought-seattle-pipe/26111213/\">Actors\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">political candidates alike (PDF)\u003c/a> have proposed piping water from wetter places, like the Mississippi River. Some have talked for decades about tapping into the Great Lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a long, storied history of moving water — some say stealing — from one place to another within the state. It’s even inspired at least one \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071315/\">movie\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If history has taught us anything,” Idaho state Sen. Brian Donesley, a former Angeleno,\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-21-mn-122-story.html\"> told the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>, “it is that when Californians get thirsty, they will use cash, the law, raw political power and, if necessary, the point of a gun barrel to satisfy their thirst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nowadays there are many legal and logistical roadblocks that would stop California from taking water from Alaska, the Midwest or Canada. For one, other regions would be unlikely to allow it. Diverting large volumes of water from the Great Lakes, for instance, is prohibited without the approval of all eight states in the U.S. and two provinces in Canada under \u003ca href=\"https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2021/05/great-lakes-water-diversions-future-possibilities/\">a compact\u003c/a> signed into law by President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pipe dreams of pipelines have been floated often enough that the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/Technical%20Report%20F%20-%20Development%20of%20Options%20and%20Stategies/TR-F_Appendix4_FINAL.pdf\">evaluated them \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">(PDF)\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/Technical%20Report%20F%20-%20Development%20of%20Options%20and%20Stategies/TR-F_Appendix4_FINAL.pdf\">,\u003c/a> reporting that a pipeline to the Mississippi River, for instance, would cost billions, use up a lot of energy to pump the water, require decades of construction and face a quagmire of legal and policy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even California lawmakers have eyed icier reaches of the world for new water supplies: In 1978, the Legislature passed a resolution \u003ca href=\"https://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1978/78Vol3.PDF#page=1300\">calling for federal support of a pilot program \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">(PDF)\u003c/a> to tow icebergs from Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Towing icebergs and filling up tankers with freshwater from Alaska drew mentions from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/Executive%20Summary/CRBS_Executive_Summary_FINAL.pdf\">as well as this diplomatic verdict \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">(PDF)\u003c/a>: These ideas “have either significant technical feasibility challenges or significant questions regarding their reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small iceberg, for instance, would contain only 250 to 850 acre-feet of water and would require new port terminals, pipelines and pumps to transport the melted ice to a reservoir. The process would take “at least 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for tankers, even the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=17991\">largest\u003c/a> would hold only about 80 million gallons — barely a drop in the bucket for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the ideas endure. At a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/newsom-strategy-california-water-supply/\">press conference in summer 2022,\u003c/a> Newsom fielded a question about whether pipelines and tankers taking water from faraway places might be the quickest ways to get more water to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you're talking about are break-the-glass scenarios,” Newsom answered. ”And I assure you, we have some more novel ones than the one you even approached and that are more interesting. But that's for later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re still waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Amid climate change and demographic pressures, California feels a sense of urgency to create and implement plans to increase water supply in the coming decades.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1667963924,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":84,"wordCount":3720},"headData":{"title":"California Has Bold Plans to Address Water Security and Boost Supply — but Will They Succeed? | KQED","description":"Amid climate change and demographic pressures, California feels a sense of urgency to create and implement plans to increase water supply in the coming decades.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11931467 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11931467","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/11/08/california-has-bold-plans-to-address-water-security-and-boost-supply-but-will-they-succeed/","disqusTitle":"California Has Bold Plans to Address Water Security and Boost Supply — but Will They Succeed?","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/rachel-becker/\">Rachel Becker\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11931467/california-has-bold-plans-to-address-water-security-and-boost-supply-but-will-they-succeed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over and over again, drought launches California into a familiar scramble to provide enough water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities and towns \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/06/california-water-shortage/\">call for conservation and brace for shortages\u003c/a>. Growers \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/sacramento-valley-water-drought/\">fallow fields\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/shasta-river-water-standoff/\">ranchers sell cows\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://mydrywell.water.ca.gov/report/\">thousands of people\u003c/a> discover that they \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/08/california-groundwater-dry/\">can’t squeeze another drop from their wells\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where can California get enough water to survive the latest dry stretch — and the next one, and the next?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can it pump more water from the salty Pacific Ocean? Treat waste flushed down toilets and washed down drains? Capture runoff that flows off streets into storm drains? Tow Antarctic icebergs to Los Angeles?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/newsom-strategy-california-water-supply/\">unveiled a road map for bolstering the state water supply\u003c/a>. But the plan — which has few details, distant deadlines and scant plans for agriculture — \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-09-04/newsom-water-supply-strategy-falls-short\">has been met with criticism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time another drought rolls around, an array of suggestions rise to the surface. We take a look at the strategies that could work — along with the more outlandish ones — and the obstacles they face.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#75652c02-4d28-4b1a-85fc-4d4883f3d991\">Recycle more water\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Turning sewage into water is the Golden State equivalent of turning water into wine, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/direct_potable_reuse/dprframewkseced.pdf\">California has been doing it for decades (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians used about \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/recycled_water/docs/2022/volumetric-infographic-2021.pdf\">732,000 acre-feet of recycled water (PDF)\u003c/a> in 2021. That’s almost two-thirds of the water that the state’s major aqueduct funneled south in dry 2021 — equivalent to the amount used by roughly 2.6 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/direct_potable_reuse/dprframewkseced.pdf\">None of it flows directly from “toilet to tap” (PDF).\u003c/a> But the State Water Resources Control Board is \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">developing regulations for direct potable reuse (PDF)\u003c/a> of highly treated wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, much of California’s recycled water is used for non-drinking purposes, like irrigating landscapes, golf courses and crops. It also refills underground stores that provide drinking water. Southern California has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/direct_potable_reuse/dprframewkseced.pdf\">replenishing local groundwater supplies (PDF)\u003c/a> with recycled wastewater since the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11929864","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51691_043_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom called for \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\">ramping up recycled water use (PDF)\u003c/a> by 2030 by \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">roughly 9% (PDF)\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/recycled_water/docs/2022/volumetric-infographic-2021.pdf\">amount (PDF)\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">used in 2021 (PDF)\u003c/a>, rising to 1.8 million acre-feet by 2040. Critics, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-09-04/newsom-water-supply-strategy-falls-short\">voiced disappointment with the target’s lack of ambition\u003c/a>, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/board_decisions/adopted_orders/resolutions/2009/rs2009_0011_recyclewater.pdf\">falls short (PDF)\u003c/a> of previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">state goals (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, water suppliers are spending big to \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">build out water recycling facilities (PDF)\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/project-updates/purified-water-project-ensuring-reliable-groundwater-supply\">Northern\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/water/pdf/purewater/2014/fs_purewater.pdf\">Southern (PDF)\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.mwdh2o.com/building-local-supplies/pure-water-southern-california/\">California (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a catch: As Californians replace their water-guzzling household appliances with more thrifty devices and let the yellow mellow before flushing, the waste stream becomes more concentrated — which could lead \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-0529-2\">to higher treatment costs\u003c/a>, more contaminants and less recycled water overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#488fc469-bd9f-4571-8b55-456998d64136\">More desalination\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Desalination is an oft-touted fix for water woes in California, with its ample shoreline. But in practice, \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/desalinating-seawater-sounds-easy-but-there-are-cheaper-and-more-sustainable-ways-to-meet-peoples-water-needs-184919\">environmental concerns and costs\u003c/a> have limited \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2019/09/f66/73355-7.pdf\">the energy-intensive practice \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four ocean water desalination facilities in California produce nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/safedrinkingwaterplan/docs/ExecSumPlan_Report.pdf#page=66\">60,000 acre-feet of drinking water \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/2022/nwri-ep-finalmemoprelimfind.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>. More\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/desalination/#existing-facilities\"> provide water for industries or other facilities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New desalination proposals have been rife with controversy. The California Coastal Commission in 2022\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/california-desalination-plant-coastal-commission/\"> rejected a seawater desalination\u003c/a> plant in Huntington Beach, with state analysts warning of high costs, a lack of local demand and risks to marine life. But just months later, the commission pivoted, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/10/desalination-plants-california/\">greenlighting a plant in Orange County’s Dana Point\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931480\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2121px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931480\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538.jpg\" alt=\"A tangle of pipes at a desalination plant.\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538.jpg 2121w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-610327538-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Located in San Diego County, at the Encina Power Station, the Claude \"Bud\" Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant is the largest salt water desalination plant in the Western Hemisphere and provides 50 million gallons of desalinated seawater per day. \u003ccite>(Reed Kaestner/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lesser-known but rapidly growing strategy is brackish water desalination, which cleans up salty supplies, such as from groundwater, that can then be used for \u003ca href=\"https://www.chinodesalter.org/97/Facilities\">drinking water. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 23 of these plants have the capacity to produce nearly 140,000 acre-feet of water in a year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/safedrinkingwaterplan/docs/ExecSumPlan_Report.pdf#page=66\">based on a 2013 analysis (PDF). \u003c/a>They use \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/California-Water-Plan/Docs/RMS/2016/09_Desalination_July2016.pdf\">less energy \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/safedrinkingwaterplan/docs/ExecSumPlan_Report.pdf#page=66\">(PDF)\u003c/a> than their seawater counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#cf07019c-d4ca-4f14-bd54-6235cabc9680\">Capture stormwater runoff\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The rainwater and spillover from sprinklers that flows off roads, yards and rooftops — much of it eventually emptying into waterways or the ocean — could help boost California’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's urban areas shed 770,000 to 3.9 million acre-feet of runoff a year that could be captured, according to the Pacific Institute. That’s enough to supply between 2.7 million and 13.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential is highest in Southern California, which has lots of pavement that sends rainwater and irrigation runoff into storm drains. Collecting this runoff and feeding it into aquifers — or eventually treating it and sending it to taps — would avoid wasting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local agencies have been corralling stormwater to replenish aquifers for years, \u003ca href=\"https://data.ca.gov/dataset/stormwater-projects\">with dozens more projects in the works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofloodcontrol.org/\">Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District\u003c/a>, for instance, captures runoff across 400 square miles in Fresno County. The water is used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofloodcontrol.org/water-resources/groundwater-recharge/\">fill more than 150 ponds\u003c/a>, where it trickles through the soil to refill groundwater stores. In bone-dry 2021, storm flows \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnofloodcontrol.org/water-resources/groundwater-recharge/\">accounted for almost all of the district’s groundwater recharge\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Monica has been a leader in treating urban runoff, and plans to upgrade a \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/Departments/PublicWorks/ContentCivEng.aspx?id=54194\">recycling facility\u003c/a> built near its famous pier more than 20 years ago. The plan is \u003ca href=\"https://www.santamonica.gov/sustainable-water-infrastructure-project-swip\">to treat the collected runoff and stormwater\u003c/a> so it’s clean enough to be injected directly into Santa Monica’s groundwater basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">Strategies for using stormwater (PDF)\u003c/a> also include installing permeable pavement in yards and communities and building basins that let it drain into the soil instead of flowing into storm drains or streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But barriers remain to capturing more of the flows. These \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">include high costs and a lack of funding \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, concerns about impacts to water quality and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-03-04/red-tape-ensnares-los-angeles-storm-water-capture-plan\">lengthy planning and approval processes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#f3d82891-5107-4592-965a-88d126a4dd67\">Transform California agriculture\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/faqs/#Q1\">agriculture is the most productive\u003c/a> in the country. But it also drinks up about \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/Agricultural-Water-Use-Efficiency\">80% of the developed water used in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much water is used by farms changes with the weather from year to year. But \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PI_Water_Use_Trends.pdf\">it remained generally flat \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> between the 1980s and 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only real way to reduce water use further in agriculture is to grow less food and farm products, or take more agricultural land out of production,” said Danny Merkley, water resources director with the California Farm Bureau Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almonds and pistachios are the \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/CA-Ag-Water-Use-1.pdf\">fourth most water-intensive crops in California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, after rice, alfalfa and irrigated pasture, according to the Pacific Institute. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Almond/Forecast/202205almpd.pdf\">Nut acreage \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> has \u003ca href=\"https://wsm.ucmerced.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2021-Drought-Impact-Assessment_20210224.pdf\">soared in the past 10 years \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, but what that means for water is less clear: State data lags and there’s no real-time monitoring of agricultural water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931482\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931482\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two cyclists ride by an irrigation canal.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS10081_80999037-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Aqueduct carries water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to southern California. \u003ccite>(David McNew/ Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More changes are coming, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/feed/evaporative-demand-increase-across-lower-48-means-less-water-supplies-drier\">climate change parching crops\u003c/a> and state law calling for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/08/california-groundwater-dry/\">sustainable groundwater management.\u003c/a> Complying with California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act could require 500,000 to 1 million acres of prime agricultural land to come out of production in the San Joaquin Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/exploring-the-potential-for-water-limited-agriculture-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\">according to the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/grant-programs/Pages/Multibenefit-Land-Repurposing-Program.aspx\">earmarked $110 million over three years\u003c/a> to repurpose agricultural land and put it toward other uses, such as groundwater recharge and habitat restoration. \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2022/Oct-22/State-Collaborates-with-Farmers-to-Conserve-Water-Provide-Habitat-for-Migratory-Birds\">Other funding is provided to growers who fallow their fields\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers also could opt for \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/exploring-the-potential-for-water-limited-agriculture-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\">crops grown during the rainy season\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2021/09/california-drought-farmers/\">breed more drought-tolerant varieties\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.v066n02p55\">leaving crop residues in fields\u003c/a> and reducing tillage can allow soil to retain more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More efficient irrigation systems help, too. But the Farm Bureau’s Merkley said making water go further is growing more difficult and smaller growers can struggle to pay for it. Also, an international team of researchers warned that increased efficiency \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat9314\">must be accompanied by robust monitoring and caps on water extractions\u003c/a>. Otherwise, they wrote, it can backfire by prompting planting of more acreage with more water-intensive crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#83001060-ef40-47ba-aa25-0f0dc9762049\">Tear out lawns\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2022/Sep-22/DWR-Takes-Actions-to-Support-Future-Water-Supply-Strategy#:~:text=California%20also%20recently%20took%20additional,and%2042%20gallons%20by%202030.\">About half of water used in cities and towns\u003c/a> is used outdoors for washing cars, hosing down sidewalks and irrigating \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/sites/UrbanHort/Turfgrass_Management\">roughly 4 million acres of turf\u003c/a>. Turf drinks up the most water in any month, in any part of California, of any plant analyzed in \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/regs/docs/2022/trees-and-parklands-preface.pdf\">a state report \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tearing out turf and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants could save between 1 million and 1.5 million acre-feet per year, with \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PI_California_Untapped_Urban_Water_Potential_2022-1.pdf\">the largest savings coming from residences \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, the Pacific Institute estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California temporarily banned watering decorative, non-functional turf at businesses and institutions under emergency \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/press_room/press_releases/2022/pr06142022-new-statewide-emergency-conservation-regulation-in-effect.pdf\">regulations adopted in May 2022 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>, and is reviving rebates for tearing out turf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931484\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2127px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913.jpg\" alt=\"A sprinkler with multiple streams watering green grass.\" width=\"2127\" height=\"1409\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913.jpg 2127w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1335769913-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2127px) 100vw, 2127px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pacific Institute estimates that tearing out turf and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants could save between 1 million and 1.5 million acre-feet per year. \u003ccite>(Shawn Waldron/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A statewide turf replacement program that began during the last drought tapped out in June 2020 after putting more than $20.5 million toward helping people replace their lawns. Local water providers \u003ca href=\"https://socalwatersmart.com/en/residential/rebates/available-rebates/turf-replacement-program/\">continued their own multi-million dollar efforts\u003c/a>, however, and the state put \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2022-23/pdf/Enacted/GovernorsBudget/3000/3860.pdf\">$75 million in funding toward rebates in the state’s 2022-2023 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1752-1688.12901\">The Metropolitan Water District\u003c/a> has spent more than $350 million coaxing Southern Californians to convert more than 200 million square feet of turf. And there is a ripple effect, with \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1752-1688.12901\">some of their neighbors tearing out their lawns\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are limits to peer pressure. \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-08-22/kim-kardashian-kevin-hart-california-drought-water-waste\">Celebrities\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Repeat-offenders-among-hundreds-of-East-Bay-17534485.php\">others\u003c/a> continue to be called out for over-watering their yards, and urban water use remains high, with cities and towns, particularly in Southern California, failing to meet Newsom’s goal to cut their water use by 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#6a1996dc-c975-4a14-90b2-d5390efce09f\">Replumb California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A controversial \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">plan to replumb the California Delta\u003c/a> — decades in the making — would funnel water from new intakes north of the delta as well as existing south Delta pumps, sending hundreds of thousands more acre-feet of water south instead of allowing it to flow out to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state’s environmental review \u003ca href=\"https://www.deltaconveyanceproject.com/read-the-document\">has raised serious concerns\u003c/a> that the tunnel project could harm \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/07/delta-tunnel-water-report/\">endangered salmon and other species\u003c/a>. And, if eventually approved, it would take decades to complete and cost billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s existing networks of pipes, aqueducts and canals lose precious supplies to leaks and evaporation. Some strategies have emerged to reduce these losses, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.iid.com/water/library/all-american-canal-lining-project\">lining canals\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-019-8487-6\">which can also impede groundwater recharge\u003c/a> — or \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/first-solar-canal-project-is-a-win-for-water-energy-air-and-climate-in-california-177433\">covering them with solar panels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cities and towns, water suppliers \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/docs/rulemaking/isor.pdf\">lose roughly 316,000 acre-feet of water \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> every year through leaks in their vast mazes of pipes. The state set new standards requiring water providers to meet loss targets starting in 2028, which could save about 88,000 acre-feet a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#4fb7112e-4f1c-4711-a854-ef5d9b0583c6\">Store more water in reservoirs\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cdiv class=\"explainer-card__content\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-cal-explainers-card\">\n\u003cp>Reservoirs aren’t the field of dreams: Even when we build them, the water doesn’t necessarily come. Statewide reservoir \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/service/document/hydroreport?_=1664980284640\">storage plunged to 69% below average\u003c/a> by the end of September 2022, on the heels of the state’s driest \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/09/california-drought-likely-to-continue/\">three-year stretch on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cwc.ca.gov/Water-Storage/WSIP-Project-Review-Portal\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>, approved in 2014, set aside $2.7 billion to fund water storage projects. The three projects eligible to receive funding, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2022-05-31/drought-resurrects-plan-for-controversial-reservoir\">which include the controversial Sites reservoir,\u003c/a> would increase storage capacity by more than 1.75 million acre-feet, enough to supply more than 6 million households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much they would increase the water supply available each year, however, is unclear. Lengthy droughts deplete reservoir storage, and \"the average volume of new water from these facilities is small, and costs are high,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/californias-water-storing-water-november-2018.pdf\">the Public Policy Institute of California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> warned in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2190px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092.jpg\" alt=\"A view of Shasta Dam, a dam wall with big blue reservoir of Shasta lake behind it and treelined hills in the background.\" width=\"2190\" height=\"1369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092.jpg 2190w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-1536x960.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-2048x1280.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1182796092-1920x1200.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2190px) 100vw, 2190px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Statewide reservoir storage plunged to 69% below average by the end of Sept. 2022, on the heels of the state’s driest 3-year stretch on record. \u003ccite>(Wenli Li/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many reservoirs in California do double duty as flood control which means that space for potential floods \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/firo/\">must be maintained even in dry years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state, federal and local water managers are working with \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/firo/\">scientists\u003c/a> on strategies to reduce flood risk while reserving more water in California’s reservoirs. Water managers at Lake Mendocino, for instance, are incorporating \u003ca href=\"https://www.drought.gov/regional-activities/forecast-informed-reservoir-operations-firo\">new weather forecasting\u003c/a> tools to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/firo\">update decades-old guidelines\u003c/a> governing when to hold onto water and when to release it. The strategy increased the lake’s storage by \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-WRP-Progress-Report.pdf\">nearly 20% in 2020, with most of the water going to agriculture \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181049/https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/storms/docs/storms_capture_use.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#0469ec6c-04dc-4175-8b42-09fb00a29cb2\">Recharge groundwater basins\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s underground aquifers can hold vastly more water than its reservoirs — \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/ff075c25b77e4b1d95ce86a82bf0fe96\">between 850 million and 1.3 billion acre-feet\u003c/a> of capacity below ground, compared to \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=STORSUM\">about 38.1 million acre-feet above\u003c/a> ground, according to the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local districts have been carefully tending groundwater for decades. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocwd.com/gwrs/the-process/process-steps/water-delivery/\">Orange County Water District\u003c/a>, for instance, pumps highly treated water underground to keep seawater at bay and to replenish local drinking-water stores. In the Southern San Joaquin Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Groundwater-Recharge-for-a-Regional-Water-Bank-Kern-Water-Bank-Kern-County-California.pdf\">water suppliers\u003c/a> funnel \u003ca href=\"https://www.kwb.org/groundwater-sustainability/recharge-recovery/\">surface water into underground storage\u003c/a> at the controversial Kern Water Bank, largely for agricultural irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration has called for increasing groundwater recharge yearly by at least 500,000 acre-feet. But ongoing challenges remain to widespread groundwater recharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot more empty aquifers than there are unclaimed sources of water in California,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/about/people/michael-kiparsky/\">Michael Kiparsky\u003c/a>, Water Program Director at the Center for Law, Energy & the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just about the amount of water, Kiparsky said, it’s also about the logistics. California will need to ensure there’s enough capacity \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/how-much-water-is-available-for-groundwater-recharge/\">to quickly move flood flows to the right basins\u003c/a> for recharge during California’s brief rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless that bottleneck is widened, plans to end the overdraft of depleted aquifers in the San Joaquin Valley are calling for more groundwater recharge than is likely realistic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">according to the Public Policy Institute of California (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#b41cece5-574f-4534-a444-19e07691d13f\">Control greenhouse gases\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Climate change is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386383/\">worsening droughts\u003c/a> and is expected to fuel even \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\">more extreme swings from dry to deluge\u003c/a>. The Newsom administration warns that climate change could deplete state water supplies \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Water-Resilience/CA-Water-Supply-Strategy.pdf\">by up to 10% by 2040 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curbing use of fossil fuels globally can blunt some of the severity of future droughts, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3115/nasa-drought-research-shows-value-of-both-climate-mitigation-and-adaptation/\">reported\u003c/a>. But even California, which prides itself on its green image, will need to pick up the pace to meet state goals for cutting greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931488\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931488\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Kids splashing around in an outdoor splash pad.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-800x480.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-1020x612.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS15682_DSC_0403-qut-1536x922.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate change is worsening droughts and is expected to fuel even more extreme swings from dry to deluge. The Newsom administration warns that climate change could deplete state water supplies by up to 10% by 2040. \u003ccite>(Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Much larger reductions are needed to reach the ambitious 2030 target — an additional 40% reduction below the original 2020 limit,” \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/latest-state-greenhouse-gas-inventory-shows-emissions-continue-drop-below-2020-target\">Air Resources Board Chair Liane Randolph said in July, 2021. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s clean air regulators are ramping up their efforts \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/09/california-climate-change-plan/\">in the state’s updated climate roadmap\u003c/a>. But parts of the plan, including its reliance on technologies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or capture it from smokestacks, remain contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#2104d2c3-4a7a-4116-b1c9-3eedc45d49c7\">Reform water rights\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s water supplies are governed by an arcane and complex rights system based on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/about_us/water_boards_structure/history_water_rights.html\">Gold Rush-era philosophy of “first in time, first in right.”\u003c/a> Generally, those with the oldest claims are the last to be cut back during shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental justice advocates and legal experts point out that this system of seniority is plagued with inequalities and based on a history of violence and \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/2022/03/16/elc-supports-efforts-by-tribes-and-environmental-justice-advocates-to-reframe-california-water-rights/\">systematic exclusion of Native peoples and people of color\u003c/a>. Legislative analysts also \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/resources/2009/water_rights_issues_perspectives_031009.pdf\">warned more than a decade ago \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> that, in some cases, water rights are “oversubscribed,” meaning they allocate more water than is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest drought prompted California officials to periodically \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-delta-water-cutbacks/\">curtail water rights across the state\u003c/a> as supplies dwindled. But \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/shasta-river-water-standoff/\">a scuffle in the Shasta Valley\u003c/a>, when some ranchers temporarily refused to comply, revealed that the state’s enforcement muscle is slow to flex and hamstrung by restrictions on penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water law experts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcl.org/media/2022/02/Updating-California-Water-Laws-to-Address-with-Drought-and-Climate-Change.pdf\">been pushing for changes \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a>. Recommendations include increasing funding to help Native tribes and other underrepresented groups participate in state water proceedings, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcl.org/media/2022/02/Updating-California-Water-Laws-to-Address-with-Drought-and-Climate-Change.pdf\">granting state water regulators more authority \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-review-of-groundwater-sustainability-plans-in-the-san-joaquin-valley.pdf\">(PDF)\u003c/a> to act swiftly when people violate curtailment orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A water board spokesperson said that they are developing pilot projects to collect real-time data about water diversions, and are considering “adopting regulations that would allow for curtailments of water rights in years when there is not a declared drought emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#9801f1c7-3945-4b12-b3b6-cd4302481093\">More cloud seeding and solar panels\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A couple strategies sound like science fiction, but they are already being used and hold some promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofsb.org/2548/Cloud-Seeding-Precipitation-Enhancement\">Santa Barbara County\u003c/a> has been practicing cloud seeding for decades — releasing \u003ca href=\"https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/be2de2b5-10fe-433d-9369-eb68ba70b267?scope=all\">tiny particles of silver iodide\u003c/a> into the atmosphere during certain storms to coax water vapor into forming ice crystals and falling to earth. Researchers say it’s difficult \u003ca href=\"https://ams.confex.com/ams/Annual2005/techprogram/paper_83339.htm\">to evaluate how well it works\u003c/a>, partly because precipitation is so variable, \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283492150_TARGETCONTROL_ANALYSES_FOR_SANTA_BARBARA_COUNTY%27S_OPERATIONAL_WINTER_CLOUD_SEEDING_PROGRAM\">but one analysis\u003c/a> pointed to increased precipitation of 9% to 21% in two target areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Desert Research Institute has led this effort, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dri.edu/cloud-seeding-program/current-cloud-seeding-operations/\">seeding clouds\u003c/a> in California’s San Joaquin Valley, Nevada, Wyoming, Montana, Colorado and Australia. In Wyoming, its 10-year experiment in mountain regions increased snowpack from winter storms by 5% to 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11931493\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2121px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11931493\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133.jpg\" alt=\"Clouds with a small plane flying through.\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133.jpg 2121w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1286644133-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cloud seeding involves releasing tiny particles of silver iodide into the atmosphere during certain storms to coax water vapor into forming ice crystals and falling to earth. \u003ccite>(Artinun Prekmoung/EyeEm via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One Central Valley town has turned \u003ca href=\"https://www.source.co/resources/case-studies/solving-a-century-old-water-quality-issue-by-tapping-the-sky/\">to another unusual strategy\u003c/a>: solar-powered “hydropanels” that \u003ca href=\"https://www.source.co/how-hydropanels-work/\">draw water vapor from the air\u003c/a>. In \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2021/09/historic-black-town-california/\">Allensworth, a historic Black town\u003c/a>, hydropanels are expected to produce enough water to fill nearly 44,000 bottles over their lifetime — although not enough to replace the town’s contaminated groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These panels have been used \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/05/hydropanels-water-from-air\">around the world in places that lack clean water,\u003c/a> including a Navajo reservation in Arizona, and in Australia, India and Kenya. Actor Robert Downey Jr. even included them when he built his \u003ca href=\"https://thepuristonline.com/2021/04/back-to-the-future-susan-robert-downey-jr-s-sustainable-sanctuary/\">eco-friendly house in Malibu\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"explainer-card-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#226555b6-6f17-4e6e-90be-2981a0e70002\">Pipe dreams: pipelines to the Midwest and towing icebergs\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some strategies are as outlandish as they sound. \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/04/21/william-shatner-california-drought-seattle-pipe/26111213/\">Actors\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">political candidates alike (PDF)\u003c/a> have proposed piping water from wetter places, like the Mississippi River. Some have talked for decades about tapping into the Great Lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a long, storied history of moving water — some say stealing — from one place to another within the state. It’s even inspired at least one \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071315/\">movie\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If history has taught us anything,” Idaho state Sen. Brian Donesley, a former Angeleno,\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-21-mn-122-story.html\"> told the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>, “it is that when Californians get thirsty, they will use cash, the law, raw political power and, if necessary, the point of a gun barrel to satisfy their thirst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nowadays there are many legal and logistical roadblocks that would stop California from taking water from Alaska, the Midwest or Canada. For one, other regions would be unlikely to allow it. Diverting large volumes of water from the Great Lakes, for instance, is prohibited without the approval of all eight states in the U.S. and two provinces in Canada under \u003ca href=\"https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2021/05/great-lakes-water-diversions-future-possibilities/\">a compact\u003c/a> signed into law by President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pipe dreams of pipelines have been floated often enough that the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/Technical%20Report%20F%20-%20Development%20of%20Options%20and%20Stategies/TR-F_Appendix4_FINAL.pdf\">evaluated them \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">(PDF)\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/Technical%20Report%20F%20-%20Development%20of%20Options%20and%20Stategies/TR-F_Appendix4_FINAL.pdf\">,\u003c/a> reporting that a pipeline to the Mississippi River, for instance, would cost billions, use up a lot of energy to pump the water, require decades of construction and face a quagmire of legal and policy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even California lawmakers have eyed icier reaches of the world for new water supplies: In 1978, the Legislature passed a resolution \u003ca href=\"https://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1978/78Vol3.PDF#page=1300\">calling for federal support of a pilot program \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">(PDF)\u003c/a> to tow icebergs from Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Towing icebergs and filling up tankers with freshwater from Alaska drew mentions from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/Executive%20Summary/CRBS_Executive_Summary_FINAL.pdf\">as well as this diplomatic verdict \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/A-water-pipeline-to-the-Mississippi-River-16412788.php\">(PDF)\u003c/a>: These ideas “have either significant technical feasibility challenges or significant questions regarding their reliability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small iceberg, for instance, would contain only 250 to 850 acre-feet of water and would require new port terminals, pipelines and pumps to transport the melted ice to a reservoir. The process would take “at least 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for tankers, even the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=17991\">largest\u003c/a> would hold only about 80 million gallons — barely a drop in the bucket for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the ideas endure. At a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/newsom-strategy-california-water-supply/\">press conference in summer 2022,\u003c/a> Newsom fielded a question about whether pipelines and tankers taking water from faraway places might be the quickest ways to get more water to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you're talking about are break-the-glass scenarios,” Newsom answered. ”And I assure you, we have some more novel ones than the one you even approached and that are more interesting. But that's for later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re still waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11931467/california-has-bold-plans-to-address-water-security-and-boost-supply-but-will-they-succeed","authors":["byline_news_11931467"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_31960","news_17601","news_6442"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11931475","label":"news_18481"},"news_11910138":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11910138","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11910138","score":null,"sort":[1648847306000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"about-that-water","title":"About That Water ...","publishDate":1648847306,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11910145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a man pours a pitcher of water out on his lawn, sprays a hose as sprinklers water full blast, while in the background, a kid slides down a waterslide into a flooding pool. Type at the top reads, \"California has plenty of water .\"* Upside down at the lower-right corner is an asterisk next to the words \"April Fools!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-800x565.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1020x721.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-160x113.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's \"wet\" season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioredroughtsnowpack\">Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those early season atmospheric rivers that dumped so much rain and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900284/major-storm-dumps-snow-closes-northern-california-mountain-routes\">record amounts of snowfall\u003c/a> in the mountains sure seem like a long, long time ago now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't be an April fool. Conserve water now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As California's 'wet' season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought. The Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1648855758,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":66},"headData":{"title":"About That Water ... | KQED","description":"As California's 'wet' season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought. The Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11910138 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11910138","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/04/01/about-that-water/","disqusTitle":"About That Water ...","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11910138/about-that-water","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11910145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a man pours a pitcher of water out on his lawn, sprays a hose as sprinklers water full blast, while in the background, a kid slides down a waterslide into a flooding pool. Type at the top reads, \"California has plenty of water .\"* Upside down at the lower-right corner is an asterisk next to the words \"April Fools!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-800x565.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1020x721.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-160x113.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/plenty_040122_final-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's \"wet\" season comes to a close, prepare yourself for a third year of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioredroughtsnowpack\">Sierra snowpack stands at a meager 38% of average statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those early season atmospheric rivers that dumped so much rain and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900284/major-storm-dumps-snow-closes-northern-california-mountain-routes\">record amounts of snowfall\u003c/a> in the mountains sure seem like a long, long time ago now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't be an April fool. Conserve water now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11910138/about-that-water","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906"],"tags":["news_255","news_21074","news_17601","news_20949","news_29387","news_483","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11910145","label":"news_18515"},"news_11891401":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11891401","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11891401","score":null,"sort":[1633655685000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-california-law-meant-to-reduce-the-exploitation-of-aquifers-could-transform-the-central-valley","title":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley","publishDate":1633655685,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California’s agricultural empire is facing a shakeup, as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) comes into effect that will limit many farmers’ access to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven-year-old law is supposed to stop the over-pumping from depleted aquifers, and some farmers — the largest users of that water — concede the limits are overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11891246\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer1-1020x681.jpg\"]The state grows roughly 40% of the country’s vegetables, fruit and nuts. But it’s also famously prone to drought, and in those dry years, when farms run short of water from rivers and reservoirs, they turn on powerful pumps and draw well water from aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limits on that water use will force many farmers to scrap practices that relied on unfettered access to that shrinking underground reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” said Rick Cosyns, a farmer near the town of Madera, just north of Fresno. “It’s just a race to the bottom.” Cosyns, who was interviewed in August, died unexpectedly on September 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s drought hit hard and fast. With rivers running low, there’s little “surface water” available for agriculture. As a result, farmers’ pumps ran hard this summer. Big pipes that emerge from the ground alongside fields and orchards delivered powerful gushers of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891503\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg\" alt=\"Rick Cosyns stands next to his farm's well, a large metal container with water flowing inside.\" width=\"1448\" height=\"971\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg 1448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Cosyns, a farmer in Madera, relied on water from the aquifer in years of drought. In other years he could replenish the aquifer with water from the San Joaquin River. “It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” he said in August before he passed away the following month. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State-wide, farmers to pumped an estimated six to seven million additional acre-feet of water this year, above what they normally use. (An acre-foot of water is 325,851 gallons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It kept fields and orchards green and productive, but there’s collateral damage. Those deep agricultural wells suck the water out from underneath smaller domestic wells, like the one at Esther Espinoza’s house outside the small town of Riverdale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water. It’s something so sad for me,” Espinoza said. “We have water for nothing. For the bathroom, or the kitchen. It’s something which is so necessary, [that] we don’t have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Esther Espinoza, Resident of Fresno County\"]‘I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water.’[/pullquote]She and her family now depend on water from a big black tank in their front yard, which a local non-profit fills up each week. Hundreds, and probably thousands, of households are in this situation, most of them in the southern part of the Central Valley, where aquifers are most depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it. They pumped so much water that the underground water table fell by more than 100 feet in some places. The ground itself subsided as water was pumped out from underneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that’s supposed to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA passed in 2014 but is just now going into effect and it treats the aquifer like a bank account that has to stay in balance. There can be withdrawals of water, but they cannot exceed the rate at which the aquifer is replenished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions are creating winners and losers among farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns’s farm, near Madera, is among the fortunate ones. It has another source of water. It’s part of an irrigation district set up a century ago to distribute water from nearby rivers to farmers. Most of that water, today, is captured by a dam on the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deep irrigation ditch runs alongside the almond orchard. It’s empty this year because of the drought. “I’d sure feel better if this was full of water, and most years it is,” Cosysns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891508\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1297px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg\" alt=\"Dozens of cows are gathered inside a closed space. Nearby is a metal well with many tubes sticking out.\" width=\"1297\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg 1297w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1297px) 100vw, 1297px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a farming area east of Tulare County, fields of corn and dairy herds depend on water from wells like this one. The state is now limiting the use of this groundwater. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most years, when there’s enough rain and snow, he could use that water to irrigate orchards and let some of the water just sink back into the ground. Eventually that water can filter all the way back down to the aquifer, hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a way to keep that aquifer bank account roughly in balance, making water deposits when there’s plenty of water from the river, and pumping water out again when there’s a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even here, the water table in the aquifer has been falling. The reason, Cosyns said, lay elsewhere. “The surrounding areas are pumping the water out from under us,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those farmers own land that’s outside the irrigation district, and they don’t get water from the dam on the San Joaquin River. They pump from the aquifer every year, making withdrawals but no deposits. Under the new law, that will have to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns had only limited sympathy. “We’ve made the investments” in securing additional water supplies, he said, “and others are getting into our bank accounts that we saved for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who rely solely on groundwater may think it’s their right to do that indefinitely, “but we’ve come to that day of reckoning, when that’s no longer going to be the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"David Roberts, Farmer in Tulare County\"]‘We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States.’[/pullquote]This is the main division in California agriculture as the groundwater law comes into force. On the one side are farmers in irrigation districts with secure access to water from California’s rivers and reservoirs; on the other, farmers who’ve relied almost completely on their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the aquifer-dependent farmers will have to cut their pumping drastically, and that likely means they’ll have to idle some of their land. According to some estimates, anywhere from half a million to a million acres will cease growing agricultural crops in the San Joaquin Valley, from Sacramento and Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not sit well with some farmers, such as David Roberts, who grows citrus crops in Tulare County. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other place, he says, has the climate to grow more than 400 different crops. And when consumers realize what they’re missing, he expects a backlash. “This ground will come back into production one way or another,” he explained. “The United States cannot be without the San Joaquin Valley producing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1452px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Charles stands in front of a field and points at it, with a concerned look on his face.\" width=\"1452\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg 1452w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1452px) 100vw, 1452px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Roberts grows citrus crops on the eastern side of the Central Valley, near Woodlake, in Tulare County. Some of his orchards depend entirely on water that he pumps from the aquifer and he’s worried that the SGMA will hinder his farm’s capacity to grow. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis,” he said. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberts agrees that overuse of the aquifer has to end. But he wants the government to step in to deliver more water from rivers and dams to make up for the lost groundwater, to keep more land in production and also replenish the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952 hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg\"]Other water experts say that’s a pipe dream, and unnecessary. Some crops currently grown in the Central Valley, including almost half a million acres of corn used to feed dairy cattle, can easily be grown elsewhere. California’s dairy industry is likely to contract because cattle feed will become increasingly scarce, they say, but consumers will barely notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some farmers think the future looks bright. “I actually think it’s going to be a better future than the past has been,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People already are working on creative ways to adapt and prosper, he says. Farmers and water managers are building the infrastructure to capture more water in years when it rains, flood their fields, and replenish the aquifer. That will allow them to pump more groundwater in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some land still will have to stop growing crops, Reiter says, “but we’re going to take that land and put it to other uses.” There are profits to be made leasing land for solar production, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1453px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891505\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg\" alt=\"A field of dozens of solar panels stand in the middle of a barren, dry landscape.\" width=\"1453\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg 1453w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1453px) 100vw, 1453px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar farms, like this one in Tulare County, have replaced some vegetable fields and orchards in the Central Valley. “I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” he said. “It could be a big part of our state achieving its renewable energy objectives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a new state program that will pay farmers to turn fallowed fields into habitat for birds, lizards, and native shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Drought Coverage' tag='drought']No one knows exactly what that Central Valley will look like when this all shakes out. Dozens of local committees are in charge of enforcing the new groundwater law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soapy Mulholland, a conservationist who’s on half a dozen of these committees, says they include a much larger range of viewpoints than previously had influence over groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re considering disadvantaged communities, the farmers, you’re considering the environment, and all those players are at the table,” she said. “And that’s a good thing.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, passed in California in 2014 to prevent farmers from overdrawing aquifers may be creating winners and losers among growers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974769,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1837},"headData":{"title":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley | KQED","description":"The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, passed in California in 2014 to prevent farmers from overdrawing aquifers may be creating winners and losers among growers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11891401/a-california-law-meant-to-reduce-the-exploitation-of-aquifers-could-transform-the-central-valley","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s agricultural empire is facing a shakeup, as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) comes into effect that will limit many farmers’ access to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven-year-old law is supposed to stop the over-pumping from depleted aquifers, and some farmers — the largest users of that water — concede the limits are overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11891246","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer1-1020x681.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The state grows roughly 40% of the country’s vegetables, fruit and nuts. But it’s also famously prone to drought, and in those dry years, when farms run short of water from rivers and reservoirs, they turn on powerful pumps and draw well water from aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limits on that water use will force many farmers to scrap practices that relied on unfettered access to that shrinking underground reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” said Rick Cosyns, a farmer near the town of Madera, just north of Fresno. “It’s just a race to the bottom.” Cosyns, who was interviewed in August, died unexpectedly on September 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s drought hit hard and fast. With rivers running low, there’s little “surface water” available for agriculture. As a result, farmers’ pumps ran hard this summer. Big pipes that emerge from the ground alongside fields and orchards delivered powerful gushers of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891503\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg\" alt=\"Rick Cosyns stands next to his farm's well, a large metal container with water flowing inside.\" width=\"1448\" height=\"971\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg 1448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Cosyns, a farmer in Madera, relied on water from the aquifer in years of drought. In other years he could replenish the aquifer with water from the San Joaquin River. “It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” he said in August before he passed away the following month. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State-wide, farmers to pumped an estimated six to seven million additional acre-feet of water this year, above what they normally use. (An acre-foot of water is 325,851 gallons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It kept fields and orchards green and productive, but there’s collateral damage. Those deep agricultural wells suck the water out from underneath smaller domestic wells, like the one at Esther Espinoza’s house outside the small town of Riverdale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water. It’s something so sad for me,” Espinoza said. “We have water for nothing. For the bathroom, or the kitchen. It’s something which is so necessary, [that] we don’t have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Esther Espinoza, Resident of Fresno County","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She and her family now depend on water from a big black tank in their front yard, which a local non-profit fills up each week. Hundreds, and probably thousands, of households are in this situation, most of them in the southern part of the Central Valley, where aquifers are most depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it. They pumped so much water that the underground water table fell by more than 100 feet in some places. The ground itself subsided as water was pumped out from underneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that’s supposed to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA passed in 2014 but is just now going into effect and it treats the aquifer like a bank account that has to stay in balance. There can be withdrawals of water, but they cannot exceed the rate at which the aquifer is replenished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"large","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions are creating winners and losers among farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns’s farm, near Madera, is among the fortunate ones. It has another source of water. It’s part of an irrigation district set up a century ago to distribute water from nearby rivers to farmers. Most of that water, today, is captured by a dam on the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deep irrigation ditch runs alongside the almond orchard. It’s empty this year because of the drought. “I’d sure feel better if this was full of water, and most years it is,” Cosysns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891508\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1297px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg\" alt=\"Dozens of cows are gathered inside a closed space. Nearby is a metal well with many tubes sticking out.\" width=\"1297\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg 1297w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1297px) 100vw, 1297px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a farming area east of Tulare County, fields of corn and dairy herds depend on water from wells like this one. The state is now limiting the use of this groundwater. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most years, when there’s enough rain and snow, he could use that water to irrigate orchards and let some of the water just sink back into the ground. Eventually that water can filter all the way back down to the aquifer, hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a way to keep that aquifer bank account roughly in balance, making water deposits when there’s plenty of water from the river, and pumping water out again when there’s a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even here, the water table in the aquifer has been falling. The reason, Cosyns said, lay elsewhere. “The surrounding areas are pumping the water out from under us,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those farmers own land that’s outside the irrigation district, and they don’t get water from the dam on the San Joaquin River. They pump from the aquifer every year, making withdrawals but no deposits. Under the new law, that will have to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns had only limited sympathy. “We’ve made the investments” in securing additional water supplies, he said, “and others are getting into our bank accounts that we saved for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who rely solely on groundwater may think it’s their right to do that indefinitely, “but we’ve come to that day of reckoning, when that’s no longer going to be the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"David Roberts, Farmer in Tulare County","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This is the main division in California agriculture as the groundwater law comes into force. On the one side are farmers in irrigation districts with secure access to water from California’s rivers and reservoirs; on the other, farmers who’ve relied almost completely on their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the aquifer-dependent farmers will have to cut their pumping drastically, and that likely means they’ll have to idle some of their land. According to some estimates, anywhere from half a million to a million acres will cease growing agricultural crops in the San Joaquin Valley, from Sacramento and Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not sit well with some farmers, such as David Roberts, who grows citrus crops in Tulare County. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other place, he says, has the climate to grow more than 400 different crops. And when consumers realize what they’re missing, he expects a backlash. “This ground will come back into production one way or another,” he explained. “The United States cannot be without the San Joaquin Valley producing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1452px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Charles stands in front of a field and points at it, with a concerned look on his face.\" width=\"1452\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg 1452w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1452px) 100vw, 1452px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Roberts grows citrus crops on the eastern side of the Central Valley, near Woodlake, in Tulare County. Some of his orchards depend entirely on water that he pumps from the aquifer and he’s worried that the SGMA will hinder his farm’s capacity to grow. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis,” he said. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberts agrees that overuse of the aquifer has to end. But he wants the government to step in to deliver more water from rivers and dams to make up for the lost groundwater, to keep more land in production and also replenish the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg","label":"postID=\"science_1976952"},"numeric":["postID=\"science_1976952"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Other water experts say that’s a pipe dream, and unnecessary. Some crops currently grown in the Central Valley, including almost half a million acres of corn used to feed dairy cattle, can easily be grown elsewhere. California’s dairy industry is likely to contract because cattle feed will become increasingly scarce, they say, but consumers will barely notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some farmers think the future looks bright. “I actually think it’s going to be a better future than the past has been,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People already are working on creative ways to adapt and prosper, he says. Farmers and water managers are building the infrastructure to capture more water in years when it rains, flood their fields, and replenish the aquifer. That will allow them to pump more groundwater in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some land still will have to stop growing crops, Reiter says, “but we’re going to take that land and put it to other uses.” There are profits to be made leasing land for solar production, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1453px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891505\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg\" alt=\"A field of dozens of solar panels stand in the middle of a barren, dry landscape.\" width=\"1453\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg 1453w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1453px) 100vw, 1453px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar farms, like this one in Tulare County, have replaced some vegetable fields and orchards in the Central Valley. “I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” he said. “It could be a big part of our state achieving its renewable energy objectives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a new state program that will pay farmers to turn fallowed fields into habitat for birds, lizards, and native shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Drought Coverage ","tag":"drought"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>No one knows exactly what that Central Valley will look like when this all shakes out. Dozens of local committees are in charge of enforcing the new groundwater law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soapy Mulholland, a conservationist who’s on half a dozen of these committees, says they include a much larger range of viewpoints than previously had influence over groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re considering disadvantaged communities, the farmers, you’re considering the environment, and all those players are at the table,” she said. “And that’s a good thing.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11891401/a-california-law-meant-to-reduce-the-exploitation-of-aquifers-could-transform-the-central-valley","authors":["byline_news_11891401"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_4092","news_30015","news_18022","news_20447","news_311","news_17601","news_20023","news_18163","news_21216","news_5892","news_29996","news_30016","news_30018","news_30017","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11891458","label":"news"},"news_11891246":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11891246","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11891246","score":null,"sort":[1633553115000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts","title":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts","publishDate":1633553115,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Aaron Fukuda admits that the 15-acre sunken field behind his office doesn’t look like much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s basically a big, wide hole in the ground behind the headquarters of the Tulare Irrigation District in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">southern part of the Central Valley\u003c/a>. But “for a water resources nerd like myself, it’s a sexy, sexy piece of infrastructure,” says Fukuda, the district’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earthen basin could be the key to survival for an agricultural community that delivers huge quantities of vegetables, fruit and nuts to the rest of the country — but is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers\">running short of water\u003c/a>. The basin just needs California’s rivers to rise and flood it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rains come in the winter and swell the rivers, Fukuda and his colleagues open some gates and send water through irrigation canals to fill this basin and lots of others they’ve set up. That captured water will seep into the ground, eventually finding its way to a natural aquifer system hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891271\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1294px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891271 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron Fukuda stands in a dry and empty field, wearing reflective sunglasses and looking at the camera.\" width=\"1294\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg 1294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1294px) 100vw, 1294px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukuda believes that replenishing underground aquifers is key for the future of agriculture in this part of the Central Valley. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” he says. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">Water underground has become a scarce and regulated asset\u003c/a> in the state. Farmers have pumped so much water from aquifers in this part of California that they’ve become depleted, threatening water supplies for agriculture and communities that depend on wells for their household water. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, or SGMA, passed in 2014 is just now taking effect and it strictly limits the amount that farmers can pump from those aquifers, and those limits could put some farmers out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water-capturing basins like this one, however, offer farmers a way to survive. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">new law treats the underground aquifer like a bank account\u003c/a>. If farmers deposit water into that account when water is plentiful, they can draw more water out when they need it, in years of drought. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891272\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1455px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a dress shirt, jeans, and a baseball cap bends over to look at a row of grapes growing in an agricultural field.\" width=\"1455\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Reiter, an adviser to several agricultural companies, checks out a vineyard that the owner could convert into a site to capture and store water. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Floods are going from nuisance to lifeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the past, many Californians considered the winter floods a nuisance, Fukuda says. Now, that has now changed completely. “It’s liquid gold,” he says. “Cold, crisp floodwater is gold these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and water managers in the southern part of the Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/bulletin-118/critically-overdrafted-basins\">where the water problem is most severe\u003c/a>, are grasping at the water banking idea like a lifeline. Jon Reiter, a rancher and water consultant, works with some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Don Cameron, owner of Terranova Ranch\"]‘A lot of people were skeptical … they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.’[/pullquote]He shows me a field of grapes, destined to become raisins. The soil is sandy and looks as if it could absorb any water that landed here. There’s an embankment around three sides of the field already. “You could imagine how much water you could store in the ground in a location like this,” Reiter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of this field, he says, “has made the determination that he would be willing to actually remove the raisins” and use the land instead to capture water. The water he would “sink” might be more valuable to him than his raisin crop because it could earn him the right to pump more water from the aquifer during a future drought to irrigate other fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Cameron, the owner of Terranova Ranch near the town of Helm in Fresno County, has even bigger ambitions. Cameron’s farm relies almost entirely on groundwater. He’s been watching the underground water level fall for years and worrying about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, during a winter with lots of rain, he decided to flood some vineyards and orchards, to see if he could replenish the aquifer without even clearing land for a dedicated “recharge basin.” “A lot of people were skeptical, our neighbors especially,” Cameron says. “I mean, they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg\"]In fact, the grapevines and trees survived just fine, and the experiment boosted groundwater levels below his field. Further experiments, some carried out in collaboration with researchers at UC Davis, confirmed the feasibility of this “on-farm recharge.” Now Cameron is persuading his neighbors to do the same thing. Together, they could potentially flood tens of thousands of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is only possible, though, because Cameron happens to be in a fortunate location, right next to a branch of the Kings River, which in turn is connected to a big canal that’s a major artery in California’s vast water distribution system. That channel is bone-dry at the moment, but in years of heavy rains, it can fill with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other farmers who are dependent on groundwater, and who will be hit hardest by the new law limiting its use, can’t make “deposits” in their underground bank account because they have no access to floodwater. They’re not connected to the network of ditches and canals that would be needed to carry floodwaters to their fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg\" alt=\"The canal resembles a ditch, in a very dry and somewhat barren terrain. There is some green shrubbery present.\" width=\"1451\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg 1451w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1451px) 100vw, 1451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This newly constructed canal near Helm, in Fresno County, is waiting for the next flood. Don Cameron built it, with help from the state, to carry excess water from the Kings River to nearby fields. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Will this solution fall short?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This won’t solve all of the Central Valley’s water problems, though. For one thing, there still won’t be enough water available to fully recharge the aquifers. Aggressively capturing and storing floodwaters could make up for 40% to 50% of the current groundwater deficit at best, according to Reiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, recharging the aquifer could have mixed effects on the Central Valley’s other big groundwater problem: contamination of wells with agricultural chemicals. These include nitrates from fertilizer and cattle waste. The problem is most severe for lower-income communities that rely on shallow wells for household water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding more land probably will flush those agricultural pollutants into aquifers, says Helen Dahlke, a hydrologist at UC Davis. “We often see a spike in nitrate, for example, at the groundwater table below a recharge site,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1977037\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/RS51246_006_Meyers_CaldorFire_08312021-qut-1020x679.jpg\"]In the long run, though, she thinks it will be good for water quality. “Most of the water that we use for recharge is very clean, because it comes from rainfall or snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains,” she says. “Eventually there will be a pulse of clean water also coming into the aquifer, which can dilute many of the pollutants that have moved into the groundwater over the last couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the experience of Okieville, a small community in Tulare County. There are parts of the community where wells show high levels of contamination. But along its southern edge, there’s a groundwater recharge basin that the Tulare Irrigation District regularly fills with floodwater. People who live near that basin have enjoyed reliable supplies of clean water from their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district now is planning to build a new recharge basin on the other side of Okieville. “The idea is we can begin to shove water underneath their community. Good, clean water,” says Aaron Fukuda, general manager of the irrigation district. “The water quality, we hope, gets better.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A 7-year-old California water law, just now taking effect, treats underground aquifers like a bank account. If farmers deposit water when there is plenty, they can draw more water out when they need it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974779,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1368},"headData":{"title":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts | KQED","description":"A 7-year-old California water law, just now taking effect, treats underground aquifers like a bank account. If farmers deposit water when there is plenty, they can draw more water out when they need it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Aaron Fukuda admits that the 15-acre sunken field behind his office doesn’t look like much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s basically a big, wide hole in the ground behind the headquarters of the Tulare Irrigation District in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">southern part of the Central Valley\u003c/a>. But “for a water resources nerd like myself, it’s a sexy, sexy piece of infrastructure,” says Fukuda, the district’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earthen basin could be the key to survival for an agricultural community that delivers huge quantities of vegetables, fruit and nuts to the rest of the country — but is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers\">running short of water\u003c/a>. The basin just needs California’s rivers to rise and flood it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rains come in the winter and swell the rivers, Fukuda and his colleagues open some gates and send water through irrigation canals to fill this basin and lots of others they’ve set up. That captured water will seep into the ground, eventually finding its way to a natural aquifer system hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891271\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1294px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891271 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron Fukuda stands in a dry and empty field, wearing reflective sunglasses and looking at the camera.\" width=\"1294\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg 1294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1294px) 100vw, 1294px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukuda believes that replenishing underground aquifers is key for the future of agriculture in this part of the Central Valley. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” he says. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">Water underground has become a scarce and regulated asset\u003c/a> in the state. Farmers have pumped so much water from aquifers in this part of California that they’ve become depleted, threatening water supplies for agriculture and communities that depend on wells for their household water. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, or SGMA, passed in 2014 is just now taking effect and it strictly limits the amount that farmers can pump from those aquifers, and those limits could put some farmers out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water-capturing basins like this one, however, offer farmers a way to survive. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">new law treats the underground aquifer like a bank account\u003c/a>. If farmers deposit water into that account when water is plentiful, they can draw more water out when they need it, in years of drought. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891272\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1455px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a dress shirt, jeans, and a baseball cap bends over to look at a row of grapes growing in an agricultural field.\" width=\"1455\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Reiter, an adviser to several agricultural companies, checks out a vineyard that the owner could convert into a site to capture and store water. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Floods are going from nuisance to lifeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the past, many Californians considered the winter floods a nuisance, Fukuda says. Now, that has now changed completely. “It’s liquid gold,” he says. “Cold, crisp floodwater is gold these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and water managers in the southern part of the Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/bulletin-118/critically-overdrafted-basins\">where the water problem is most severe\u003c/a>, are grasping at the water banking idea like a lifeline. Jon Reiter, a rancher and water consultant, works with some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of people were skeptical … they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Don Cameron, owner of Terranova Ranch","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He shows me a field of grapes, destined to become raisins. The soil is sandy and looks as if it could absorb any water that landed here. There’s an embankment around three sides of the field already. “You could imagine how much water you could store in the ground in a location like this,” Reiter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of this field, he says, “has made the determination that he would be willing to actually remove the raisins” and use the land instead to capture water. The water he would “sink” might be more valuable to him than his raisin crop because it could earn him the right to pump more water from the aquifer during a future drought to irrigate other fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Cameron, the owner of Terranova Ranch near the town of Helm in Fresno County, has even bigger ambitions. Cameron’s farm relies almost entirely on groundwater. He’s been watching the underground water level fall for years and worrying about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, during a winter with lots of rain, he decided to flood some vineyards and orchards, to see if he could replenish the aquifer without even clearing land for a dedicated “recharge basin.” “A lot of people were skeptical, our neighbors especially,” Cameron says. “I mean, they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1976952","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In fact, the grapevines and trees survived just fine, and the experiment boosted groundwater levels below his field. Further experiments, some carried out in collaboration with researchers at UC Davis, confirmed the feasibility of this “on-farm recharge.” Now Cameron is persuading his neighbors to do the same thing. Together, they could potentially flood tens of thousands of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is only possible, though, because Cameron happens to be in a fortunate location, right next to a branch of the Kings River, which in turn is connected to a big canal that’s a major artery in California’s vast water distribution system. That channel is bone-dry at the moment, but in years of heavy rains, it can fill with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other farmers who are dependent on groundwater, and who will be hit hardest by the new law limiting its use, can’t make “deposits” in their underground bank account because they have no access to floodwater. They’re not connected to the network of ditches and canals that would be needed to carry floodwaters to their fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg\" alt=\"The canal resembles a ditch, in a very dry and somewhat barren terrain. There is some green shrubbery present.\" width=\"1451\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg 1451w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1451px) 100vw, 1451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This newly constructed canal near Helm, in Fresno County, is waiting for the next flood. Don Cameron built it, with help from the state, to carry excess water from the Kings River to nearby fields. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Will this solution fall short?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This won’t solve all of the Central Valley’s water problems, though. For one thing, there still won’t be enough water available to fully recharge the aquifers. Aggressively capturing and storing floodwaters could make up for 40% to 50% of the current groundwater deficit at best, according to Reiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, recharging the aquifer could have mixed effects on the Central Valley’s other big groundwater problem: contamination of wells with agricultural chemicals. These include nitrates from fertilizer and cattle waste. The problem is most severe for lower-income communities that rely on shallow wells for household water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding more land probably will flush those agricultural pollutants into aquifers, says Helen Dahlke, a hydrologist at UC Davis. “We often see a spike in nitrate, for example, at the groundwater table below a recharge site,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1977037","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/RS51246_006_Meyers_CaldorFire_08312021-qut-1020x679.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the long run, though, she thinks it will be good for water quality. “Most of the water that we use for recharge is very clean, because it comes from rainfall or snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains,” she says. “Eventually there will be a pulse of clean water also coming into the aquifer, which can dilute many of the pollutants that have moved into the groundwater over the last couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the experience of Okieville, a small community in Tulare County. There are parts of the community where wells show high levels of contamination. But along its southern edge, there’s a groundwater recharge basin that the Tulare Irrigation District regularly fills with floodwater. People who live near that basin have enjoyed reliable supplies of clean water from their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district now is planning to build a new recharge basin on the other side of Okieville. “The idea is we can begin to shove water underneath their community. Good, clean water,” says Aaron Fukuda, general manager of the irrigation district. “The water quality, we hope, gets better.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts","authors":["byline_news_11891246"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_4092","news_18022","news_20447","news_311","news_17601","news_20023","news_18163","news_21216","news_29996","news_29995","news_3187","news_29941","news_6442"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11891264","label":"news_253"},"news_11887435":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11887435","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11887435","score":null,"sort":[1630663227000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"12-important-things-to-know-about-californias-drought","title":"12 Important Things to Know About California's Drought","publishDate":1630663227,"format":"standard","headTitle":"12 Important Things to Know About California’s Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought. Gov. Gavin Newsom has asked residents to voluntarily cut water use by 15% across the state to try to shore up our reserves in case of another dry winter. In the meantime, fires are raging around California as bone-dry forests go up like tinderboxes. How did we get here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975970/climate-scientists-meet-as-dangerous-fires-floods-and-droughts-test-the-world\">As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives\u003c/a>, it’s time to take stock of what we know about our state’s frequent hot, dry periods so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious just finished up \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">a six-part State of Drought series examining the issues\u003c/a>. Here’s what we learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are experiencing megadrought conditions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Californians are no strangers to droughts, but we tend to think of them as limited periods of abnormal dryness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While “drought” refers to one season or one year’s conditions, climate scientists use the term “megadrought” when arid conditions last for decades. A megadrought might be punctuated by a wet year here or there, but overall the conditions are dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the southwest, it’s been overall drier since the late 1990s. So we’re talking about a 20-year dry period here now,” said Richard Seager, a climate scientist at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, “and using the term megadrought is justifiable because it stacks up in terms of the severity and the length with the ones that we’ve inferred from tree ring data back in the medieval period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a study published in the journal Science described how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962273/megadrought-conditions-not-seen-for-400-years-have-returned-to-the-west-scientists-say\">tree rings allowed researchers to conclude that the last time the West experienced sustained arid conditions over decades was a 28-year dry spell\u003c/a> that ended in the year 1603.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at California, eight other states and Northern Mexico and corroborates what scientists have long feared and warned policymakers: Extreme warming will exacerbate any dry spell, making it longer, more severe and more widespread, and this will bake states in the Western U.S. and areas of Mexico with a punishingly long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California was developed during an abnormally wet time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 20th century saw California grow to become the most populous state in the nation, says Scott Stine, professor emeritus of geography and environmental studies at Cal State East Bay, and that coincided with an especially wet century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built this phenomenal infrastructure, second to none in the world, here in California and in other parts of the West,” he said, “all of it based on the diversion of water and all of it based on the assumption that the 20th century was normal. And the 20th century is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We’re feeling the drought more because we use a lot of water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887455 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg\" alt=\"Water sprays across a field with blue mountains looming behind and puffy clouds overhead.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sprinklers water crops in the Tulelake Irrigation District with water from the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say a megadrought was in the cards for California and the West because of climate cycles, but our large population and dependence on agriculture make the dryness feel more painful. Forty million people living and working in the state, along with so many of the country’s fruits, vegetables and nuts being grown here, mean water levels going into this megadrought may be lower than they were in previous eras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of the present day and the coming droughts is that we are set up to need far more water than we should expect at any time in the coming decades and centuries, particularly with the higher temperatures,” Stine said. “We’ve created a monster that we have to continue to feed with water, and the water is just not going to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California has enough water, but we have to conserve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The idea of prolonged drought is a scary one, but water management \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886317/how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript\">experts say we will have enough water if we conserve what we have, using every drop wisely\u003c/a>. That’s going to take sacrifice from all Californians, whether they live in cities or farm in the state’s rural areas. All of us are guilty of wastefulness when it comes to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of inefficiencies in our current system that can be fixed,” says Newsha Ajami, director of urban water policy at Stanford University. “We definitely can do a lot more just to make sure we use every drop of water properly. And if we do all the right things, we can survive. But if we don’t, we can actually have a serious breakdown in the system. So we have to be able to adapt to this new reality, which means that we have to rethink how we’re using the water in different ways and reduce waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We need to change how we manage our reservoirs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887458 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of a lake. The dam is visible and a dry shoreline peeks out above the water.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Shasta Dam and Reservoir in 1976, with low water levels due to drought. Shasta Dam is located about nine miles northwest of Redding on the Sacramento River. \u003ccite>(U.S. Bureau of Reclamation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s water infrastructure was designed under the assumption that about 30% of our water would naturally be stored in the form of snow in the mountains. Each spring, as the snow melts, it flows into the streams and rivers and is collected in reservoirs and lakes for use during drier periods. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1431369/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have\">But that infrastructure is increasingly ill-suited to our weather patterns, due to climate change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, water was let out of the reservoir whether or not storms were in the forecast to make room for rainwater. That’s because dams both collect water in reservoirs and protect downstream communities from flooding. Increasingly, California’s rainy season is more concentrated and its dry season prolonged, a result of climate change. The state now relies on big, soaking atmospheric rivers for much of its precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975549/russian-river-drought-sonoma-and-mendocino-residents-save-the-little-water-they-have\">Several reservoirs around the state, including Lake Mendocino, are piloting what’s called Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations\u003c/a>. Basically, water managers are waiting to let water out of the reservoirs until they see a big storm coming. That way they can preserve every drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There are some big things agriculture can do to manage water better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Agriculture uses 40% of the state’s water, urban areas use 10% and 50% goes back into the environment to support natural ecosystems. Because the farming industry’s water footprint is so large, it’s going to have to cut usage to survive a megadrought, according to Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis. That’s because some irrigated land is much more productive than other land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have a tremendous amount of reduction in irrigated acreage,” he said. “If you take it out of the less productive crops on the least productive land, you’re going to have much less of an economic impact than if you took it out of almonds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says farmers make 90% of their revenue from the crops grown on only 50% of the land. That means we can cut back on irrigating that other half — where we grow the lower-value crops that use a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re probably going to see on the order of 20% of the irrigated agriculture go out of production in order to keep water for other, more productive economic purposes,” Lund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might mean growing fewer of some crops California has become known for: processed tomatoes, vegetables, melons, onions and garlic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We have to manage our groundwater better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We often talk about farmers pumping groundwater, but many urban areas rely on groundwater as well. In the Bay Area, Santa Clara County — and its biggest city, San José — depend on groundwater for a portion of its drinking water. It’s important to protect our groundwater from pollution and to replenish the aquifers during wet years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes are coming to how the state manages its groundwater. Farmers have long used groundwater stored in underground aquifers during dry years when they receive less water from reservoirs. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976429/with-a-deepening-drought-california-has-few-protections-for-depleted-groundwater\">some land in the Central Valley is sinking because of overpumping\u003c/a>. That’s one reason the state legislature passed a law seven years ago intended to restore balance to the state’s aquifers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1955916/times-up-on-groundwater-plans-one-of-the-most-important-new-california-water-laws-in-50-years-explained\">The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act requires water districts to limit the water they pump.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If users in a water district pump a lot of water during dry years to water their crops, they’ll have to refrain from growing some crops during wet years to allow the aquifers to refill with rainwater. This new way to manage groundwater will likely have farmers change what they grow over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How we use water in our homes matters, too\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite a larger population, Californians statewide are using 16% less water than during the last drought, which ended in 2017. That’s because some of the water conservation habits that took off then have stuck around. Low-flow appliances like toilets, dishwashers, washing machines and showerheads are making a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887053/three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home\">more ways urban water users can conserve\u003c/a>. One is to install gray water systems that reuse water from activities like laundry or showering for outdoor watering. Many cities and water agencies offer rebates to help cover the costs of such conversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, since half of all urban water use goes to landscaping, homeowners can see big water savings by converting their yards to drought-tolerant landscaping that features native plants adapted to our region’s climate patterns. As a bonus, native plants provide habitat for helpful butterflies and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Maybe it’s time to rethink our lawns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11887461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A yard of dried grass sits next door to a lawn of green grass on July 21, 2021, in the Cambrian neighborhood of San Jose, where water restrictions limit the length of watering and the timing. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lawns should be banned,” said Newsha Ajami of Stanford. “Every drop of water that’s used to maintain that lawn can be a drop of water that we can leave in the reservoir if this drought ends up being a 10-year drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lush lawns require consistent, deep watering to stay nice. Water experts say it’s time to accept the climate we live in and landscape our yards accordingly. Basically: This isn’t the East Coast, people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have lawns at the parks, places that the public as a whole can benefit from,” says Ajami. “But if you have a personal lawn that you use once a week, during the weekend, then that’s wrong. You shouldn’t have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local water agencies are considering ways to boost supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887265/what-can-local-water-agencies-do-to-boost-water-supply-transcript\">mission of our local water agencies\u003c/a> is to provide customers with safe, affordable water. As we continue to experience dry weather, that’s getting harder in some areas. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">Sonoma, Marin and Santa Clara counties are in tough spots right now.\u003c/a> That’s led water managers and community members to wonder about bigger solutions to ensure a resilient supply of water long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/desalination\">One idea that comes up often is desalination.\u003c/a> With the ocean so close, it’s tempting to think that pumping water out and stripping it of salt would be an easy way to ensure we always have water. But desalination is controversial for several reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s energy intensive and expensive: Desalination plants cost a lot to build and run. And by some estimates, the water they produce costs consumers twice as much. That’s led water agency leaders to think twice about investing in desalination plants that must be run all the time, even in wet years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\">Desalination might make more sense when a community’s water is brackish\u003c/a>, but not as salty as ocean water. That’s the case in Antioch and Newark where desalination plants are part of the local mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason many experts don’t think desalination should be our go-to fix is it can harm sea life. The briny byproduct of desalination is twice as salty as ocean water and often dumped back into the sea. Many marine species cannot survive in water with such high salinity. And, sucking in millions of gallons of ocean water means the small organisms that form the building blocks of the food chain are removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/57789/toilet-to-tap\">Recycling our wastewater to potable standards would be a less expensive way to boost our supply.\u003c/a> It’s still more expensive than conserving, but many experts think we’ll see more of it in the future. Other dry parts of the world already do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are disconnected from the complicated system that brings us our water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No matter where you live in California, you are benefiting from a massive, complex infrastructure that moves water from water-rich areas of the state to dryer areas, both for agricultural purposes and to sustain urban centers and industry. Very few places in California naturally have enough water to sustain their activities and population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this complex system acts in the background, and many of us go about our lives using water without thought. We turn on the tap and the water flows. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">We don’t often think about how far our water has traveled to reach us.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it even more complex, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/24520/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought\">California has a long history of water rights that means some people have better access to water than others\u003c/a>. We now have a complicated water market, where people with better water rights can sell their water to junior rights holders and get rich in the process. Several Bay Area water districts depend on buying water to ensure they can meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If everyone knew where their water came from, and the tentativeness of the supply, it could help with conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The environment is suffering\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887463 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg\" alt=\"Two people and a tree are backlit by the bright orange flare of a wildfire.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters battle flames from the Thomas Fire as they advance on homes atop Shepard Mesa Road in Carpinteria on Dec. 10, 2017. \u003ccite>(Santa Barbara County Fire Department via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Our State of Drought series focused on how humans can survive on more limited water supplies in a hotter, drier, more variable future. But humans use only half of the state’s water. The other half goes (theoretically) to the environment, to sustain wildlife and ecosystems crucial to California’s identity as a state. But our environment is suffering under climate change, ecosystem mismanagement and too many claims on limited water. Here are just some of the things our natural world grapples with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta looks nothing like the vibrant marshland of the past, but it’s still the largest freshwater estuary on the West Coast. It’s also California’s most crucial water source, supplying two-thirds of the state’s cities and millions of acres of farmland with drinking and irrigation water. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975761/a-delta-in-distress\">the human engineering that harnessed the delta’s bounty for cities and farms has contributed to its current fragility and challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drought has taken a toll on our forests, too. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">Prolonged dry periods have dried out the trees and soil\u003c/a>, weakening their defenses against fire. Bone-dry forests are prone to hotter and more destructive wildfires.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Scientists aren’t yet sure of the long-term impacts on the environment of smoke and ash from wildfires. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887060/how-the-caldor-fire-could-pollute-lake-tahoes-iconic-blue-waters\">they do know the Caldor Fire that is burning near Lake Tahoe will likely affect the lake’s renowned clear waters\u003c/a> for years to come.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11882491/warming-rivers-killing-juvenile-salmon-in-california-imperiling-fish-industry\">Poor water conditions and increasing heat threaten to destroy salmon populations.\u003c/a> Blistering heat waves and extended drought in the western U.S. are raising water temperatures and imperiling fish from Idaho to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives, it's time to take stock of what we know about drought so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent access to water.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588074,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2713},"headData":{"title":"12 Important Things to Know About California's Drought | KQED","description":"As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives, it's time to take stock of what we know about drought so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent access to water.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC1232200065.mp3?key=c99df250e0dcbc7062274ae6bdf5ad4d","path":"/news/11887435/12-important-things-to-know-about-californias-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought. Gov. Gavin Newsom has asked residents to voluntarily cut water use by 15% across the state to try to shore up our reserves in case of another dry winter. In the meantime, fires are raging around California as bone-dry forests go up like tinderboxes. How did we get here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975970/climate-scientists-meet-as-dangerous-fires-floods-and-droughts-test-the-world\">As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives\u003c/a>, it’s time to take stock of what we know about our state’s frequent hot, dry periods so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious just finished up \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">a six-part State of Drought series examining the issues\u003c/a>. Here’s what we learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are experiencing megadrought conditions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Californians are no strangers to droughts, but we tend to think of them as limited periods of abnormal dryness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While “drought” refers to one season or one year’s conditions, climate scientists use the term “megadrought” when arid conditions last for decades. A megadrought might be punctuated by a wet year here or there, but overall the conditions are dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the southwest, it’s been overall drier since the late 1990s. So we’re talking about a 20-year dry period here now,” said Richard Seager, a climate scientist at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, “and using the term megadrought is justifiable because it stacks up in terms of the severity and the length with the ones that we’ve inferred from tree ring data back in the medieval period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a study published in the journal Science described how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962273/megadrought-conditions-not-seen-for-400-years-have-returned-to-the-west-scientists-say\">tree rings allowed researchers to conclude that the last time the West experienced sustained arid conditions over decades was a 28-year dry spell\u003c/a> that ended in the year 1603.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at California, eight other states and Northern Mexico and corroborates what scientists have long feared and warned policymakers: Extreme warming will exacerbate any dry spell, making it longer, more severe and more widespread, and this will bake states in the Western U.S. and areas of Mexico with a punishingly long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California was developed during an abnormally wet time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 20th century saw California grow to become the most populous state in the nation, says Scott Stine, professor emeritus of geography and environmental studies at Cal State East Bay, and that coincided with an especially wet century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built this phenomenal infrastructure, second to none in the world, here in California and in other parts of the West,” he said, “all of it based on the diversion of water and all of it based on the assumption that the 20th century was normal. And the 20th century is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We’re feeling the drought more because we use a lot of water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887455 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg\" alt=\"Water sprays across a field with blue mountains looming behind and puffy clouds overhead.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sprinklers water crops in the Tulelake Irrigation District with water from the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say a megadrought was in the cards for California and the West because of climate cycles, but our large population and dependence on agriculture make the dryness feel more painful. Forty million people living and working in the state, along with so many of the country’s fruits, vegetables and nuts being grown here, mean water levels going into this megadrought may be lower than they were in previous eras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of the present day and the coming droughts is that we are set up to need far more water than we should expect at any time in the coming decades and centuries, particularly with the higher temperatures,” Stine said. “We’ve created a monster that we have to continue to feed with water, and the water is just not going to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California has enough water, but we have to conserve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The idea of prolonged drought is a scary one, but water management \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886317/how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript\">experts say we will have enough water if we conserve what we have, using every drop wisely\u003c/a>. That’s going to take sacrifice from all Californians, whether they live in cities or farm in the state’s rural areas. All of us are guilty of wastefulness when it comes to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of inefficiencies in our current system that can be fixed,” says Newsha Ajami, director of urban water policy at Stanford University. “We definitely can do a lot more just to make sure we use every drop of water properly. And if we do all the right things, we can survive. But if we don’t, we can actually have a serious breakdown in the system. So we have to be able to adapt to this new reality, which means that we have to rethink how we’re using the water in different ways and reduce waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We need to change how we manage our reservoirs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887458 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of a lake. The dam is visible and a dry shoreline peeks out above the water.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Shasta Dam and Reservoir in 1976, with low water levels due to drought. Shasta Dam is located about nine miles northwest of Redding on the Sacramento River. \u003ccite>(U.S. Bureau of Reclamation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s water infrastructure was designed under the assumption that about 30% of our water would naturally be stored in the form of snow in the mountains. Each spring, as the snow melts, it flows into the streams and rivers and is collected in reservoirs and lakes for use during drier periods. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1431369/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have\">But that infrastructure is increasingly ill-suited to our weather patterns, due to climate change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, water was let out of the reservoir whether or not storms were in the forecast to make room for rainwater. That’s because dams both collect water in reservoirs and protect downstream communities from flooding. Increasingly, California’s rainy season is more concentrated and its dry season prolonged, a result of climate change. The state now relies on big, soaking atmospheric rivers for much of its precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975549/russian-river-drought-sonoma-and-mendocino-residents-save-the-little-water-they-have\">Several reservoirs around the state, including Lake Mendocino, are piloting what’s called Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations\u003c/a>. Basically, water managers are waiting to let water out of the reservoirs until they see a big storm coming. That way they can preserve every drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There are some big things agriculture can do to manage water better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Agriculture uses 40% of the state’s water, urban areas use 10% and 50% goes back into the environment to support natural ecosystems. Because the farming industry’s water footprint is so large, it’s going to have to cut usage to survive a megadrought, according to Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis. That’s because some irrigated land is much more productive than other land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have a tremendous amount of reduction in irrigated acreage,” he said. “If you take it out of the less productive crops on the least productive land, you’re going to have much less of an economic impact than if you took it out of almonds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says farmers make 90% of their revenue from the crops grown on only 50% of the land. That means we can cut back on irrigating that other half — where we grow the lower-value crops that use a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re probably going to see on the order of 20% of the irrigated agriculture go out of production in order to keep water for other, more productive economic purposes,” Lund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might mean growing fewer of some crops California has become known for: processed tomatoes, vegetables, melons, onions and garlic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We have to manage our groundwater better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We often talk about farmers pumping groundwater, but many urban areas rely on groundwater as well. In the Bay Area, Santa Clara County — and its biggest city, San José — depend on groundwater for a portion of its drinking water. It’s important to protect our groundwater from pollution and to replenish the aquifers during wet years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes are coming to how the state manages its groundwater. Farmers have long used groundwater stored in underground aquifers during dry years when they receive less water from reservoirs. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976429/with-a-deepening-drought-california-has-few-protections-for-depleted-groundwater\">some land in the Central Valley is sinking because of overpumping\u003c/a>. That’s one reason the state legislature passed a law seven years ago intended to restore balance to the state’s aquifers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1955916/times-up-on-groundwater-plans-one-of-the-most-important-new-california-water-laws-in-50-years-explained\">The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act requires water districts to limit the water they pump.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If users in a water district pump a lot of water during dry years to water their crops, they’ll have to refrain from growing some crops during wet years to allow the aquifers to refill with rainwater. This new way to manage groundwater will likely have farmers change what they grow over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How we use water in our homes matters, too\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite a larger population, Californians statewide are using 16% less water than during the last drought, which ended in 2017. That’s because some of the water conservation habits that took off then have stuck around. Low-flow appliances like toilets, dishwashers, washing machines and showerheads are making a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887053/three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home\">more ways urban water users can conserve\u003c/a>. One is to install gray water systems that reuse water from activities like laundry or showering for outdoor watering. Many cities and water agencies offer rebates to help cover the costs of such conversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, since half of all urban water use goes to landscaping, homeowners can see big water savings by converting their yards to drought-tolerant landscaping that features native plants adapted to our region’s climate patterns. As a bonus, native plants provide habitat for helpful butterflies and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Maybe it’s time to rethink our lawns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11887461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A yard of dried grass sits next door to a lawn of green grass on July 21, 2021, in the Cambrian neighborhood of San Jose, where water restrictions limit the length of watering and the timing. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lawns should be banned,” said Newsha Ajami of Stanford. “Every drop of water that’s used to maintain that lawn can be a drop of water that we can leave in the reservoir if this drought ends up being a 10-year drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lush lawns require consistent, deep watering to stay nice. Water experts say it’s time to accept the climate we live in and landscape our yards accordingly. Basically: This isn’t the East Coast, people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have lawns at the parks, places that the public as a whole can benefit from,” says Ajami. “But if you have a personal lawn that you use once a week, during the weekend, then that’s wrong. You shouldn’t have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local water agencies are considering ways to boost supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887265/what-can-local-water-agencies-do-to-boost-water-supply-transcript\">mission of our local water agencies\u003c/a> is to provide customers with safe, affordable water. As we continue to experience dry weather, that’s getting harder in some areas. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">Sonoma, Marin and Santa Clara counties are in tough spots right now.\u003c/a> That’s led water managers and community members to wonder about bigger solutions to ensure a resilient supply of water long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/desalination\">One idea that comes up often is desalination.\u003c/a> With the ocean so close, it’s tempting to think that pumping water out and stripping it of salt would be an easy way to ensure we always have water. But desalination is controversial for several reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s energy intensive and expensive: Desalination plants cost a lot to build and run. And by some estimates, the water they produce costs consumers twice as much. That’s led water agency leaders to think twice about investing in desalination plants that must be run all the time, even in wet years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\">Desalination might make more sense when a community’s water is brackish\u003c/a>, but not as salty as ocean water. That’s the case in Antioch and Newark where desalination plants are part of the local mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason many experts don’t think desalination should be our go-to fix is it can harm sea life. The briny byproduct of desalination is twice as salty as ocean water and often dumped back into the sea. Many marine species cannot survive in water with such high salinity. And, sucking in millions of gallons of ocean water means the small organisms that form the building blocks of the food chain are removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/57789/toilet-to-tap\">Recycling our wastewater to potable standards would be a less expensive way to boost our supply.\u003c/a> It’s still more expensive than conserving, but many experts think we’ll see more of it in the future. Other dry parts of the world already do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are disconnected from the complicated system that brings us our water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No matter where you live in California, you are benefiting from a massive, complex infrastructure that moves water from water-rich areas of the state to dryer areas, both for agricultural purposes and to sustain urban centers and industry. Very few places in California naturally have enough water to sustain their activities and population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this complex system acts in the background, and many of us go about our lives using water without thought. We turn on the tap and the water flows. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">We don’t often think about how far our water has traveled to reach us.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it even more complex, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/24520/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought\">California has a long history of water rights that means some people have better access to water than others\u003c/a>. We now have a complicated water market, where people with better water rights can sell their water to junior rights holders and get rich in the process. Several Bay Area water districts depend on buying water to ensure they can meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If everyone knew where their water came from, and the tentativeness of the supply, it could help with conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The environment is suffering\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887463 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg\" alt=\"Two people and a tree are backlit by the bright orange flare of a wildfire.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters battle flames from the Thomas Fire as they advance on homes atop Shepard Mesa Road in Carpinteria on Dec. 10, 2017. \u003ccite>(Santa Barbara County Fire Department via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Our State of Drought series focused on how humans can survive on more limited water supplies in a hotter, drier, more variable future. But humans use only half of the state’s water. The other half goes (theoretically) to the environment, to sustain wildlife and ecosystems crucial to California’s identity as a state. But our environment is suffering under climate change, ecosystem mismanagement and too many claims on limited water. Here are just some of the things our natural world grapples with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta looks nothing like the vibrant marshland of the past, but it’s still the largest freshwater estuary on the West Coast. It’s also California’s most crucial water source, supplying two-thirds of the state’s cities and millions of acres of farmland with drinking and irrigation water. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975761/a-delta-in-distress\">the human engineering that harnessed the delta’s bounty for cities and farms has contributed to its current fragility and challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drought has taken a toll on our forests, too. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">Prolonged dry periods have dried out the trees and soil\u003c/a>, weakening their defenses against fire. Bone-dry forests are prone to hotter and more destructive wildfires.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Scientists aren’t yet sure of the long-term impacts on the environment of smoke and ash from wildfires. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887060/how-the-caldor-fire-could-pollute-lake-tahoes-iconic-blue-waters\">they do know the Caldor Fire that is burning near Lake Tahoe will likely affect the lake’s renowned clear waters\u003c/a> for years to come.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11882491/warming-rivers-killing-juvenile-salmon-in-california-imperiling-fish-industry\">Poor water conditions and increasing heat threaten to destroy salmon populations.\u003c/a> Blistering heat waves and extended drought in the western U.S. are raising water temperatures and imperiling fish from Idaho to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11887435/12-important-things-to-know-about-californias-drought","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_19906","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_29869","news_17601","news_29387","news_29855","news_6739","news_6442","news_29870"],"featImg":"news_11887452","label":"source_news_11887435"},"news_11887053":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11887053","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11887053","score":null,"sort":[1630490453000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home","title":"Three Big Ways to Save Water at Home","publishDate":1630490453,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Three Big Ways to Save Water at Home | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a growing population, urban Californians are using far less water than in decades past. That’s in some measure thanks to straightforward changes people have made at home — like installing new toilets. The humble tool uses more water than any other, but over the years, \u003ca href=\"https://elemental.green/all-you-need-to-know-about-low-flow-toilets/\">toilets have dropped from using as many as 8 gallons per flush to as little as 0.8 gallons per flush\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water conservation at home extends far beyond a low-flow toilet. Some upgrades require nothing more than switching out a showerhead or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874287/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought\">keeping water cold in the fridge\u003c/a> — others involve a little more legwork. Water conservationists point to three big ways that homeowners can cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using water twice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887108 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a hose connected through a utility sink on the back of her house to water her lawn\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amelia Terkel uses shower water on her trees through a homemade gray water system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Amir Terkel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Normally, the leftover water from a load of laundry, a bath or a shower runs down the drain and into the sewer system. But it doesn’t have to. In California, that water — the official name for it is gray water, or sometimes “greywater” — is perfect for watering most gardens. On average, \u003ca href=\"https://greywateraction.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GW_Study_revised1.pdf\">a gray water system can save a household over 14,000 gallons of water a year\u003c/a>, by simply redirecting that lightly used water into a yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gray water can offer you this source to [water] your fruit trees or berries or plants that need more irrigation water without using fresh water from the tap,” says Laura Allen of Greywater Action, an advocacy group in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common type of gray water system is a “laundry to landscape” setup, where the water from a load of laundry flows down a set of pipes into a yard or garden. Depending on specifics like the location of the washing machine in a home, \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbanfarmerstore.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/6_Graywater-L2L_RGW3-Graywater-Design-Manual-SFPUC.pdf\">homeowners can install a gray water system on their own\u003c/a>. The most straightforward projects don’t require a permit and can cost just a few hundred dollars. \u003ca href=\"https://greywateraction.org/greywater-system-examples/\">Other types of systems are more involved\u003c/a> and require permits and professional installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the most cost-efficient way to start using gray water immediately? Put a bucket in the shower while you’re waiting for the water to heat up. Then, use it to flush the toilet or water plants. Gray water should never be stored for more than 24 hours, and laundry-to-landscape systems do require a switch to eco-friendly detergent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Upgrade equipment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887105 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet.jpg\" alt=\"A leaky faucet\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Household leaks waste more water than many people know. For example, a toilet leak can waste about a gallon of water per hour. \u003ccite>(iStock/banusevim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Toilets aren’t the only fixtures that have evolved in the past several decades. \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleofblue.org/2016/water-management/infrastructure/study-efficient-fixtures-cut-u-s-indoor-water-use/\">One analysis found that residential water use nationwide dropped by 22% between 1999 and 2016\u003c/a> — and that’s by and large because appliances have gotten more water-efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has outdoor irrigation. But we don’t always jump to make fixes and upgrades that can save money — and water in the long run — says Justin Burks of Valley Water in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A new smartphone comes out [and] a lot of us will go out and get that new version,” Burks says. “But many of us live with the same irrigation equipment from 20 or 40 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-05/documents/ws-products-irrigation-outdoor-wbic-mini-report.pdf\">Newer irrigation systems come with smart controllers\u003c/a> that respond to the weather and measure moisture content in the soil, so the landscape only gets watered when it really needs it. Drip irrigation and high-efficiency sprinklers can also have a significant impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other small fixes to cut back on water use: \u003ca href=\"https://www.lowes.com/n/how-to/test-toilet-for-leaks\">check your toilet for leaks (a simple dye test kit does the trick)\u003c/a>. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kirklandwa.gov/Government/Departments/Public-Works-Department/Water/Why-was-my-water-bill-high\">20% of all toilets leak\u003c/a>, and in some cases, a leak can waste a gallon of water every hour. \u003ca href=\"https://www.denverwater.org/tap/big-benefits-cleaning-and-updating-faucet-aerators\">Another quick fix is to install a faucet aerator\u003c/a>, which limits the flow of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Turf’s up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887109 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering.jpg\" alt=\"Row of sprinklers watering a lawn\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Californians living in more urban environments use a lot of water on lawns. Outdoor watering accounts for half of all urban water use, so it’s an easy place to save. Some people are planting drought-tolerant gardens instead. \u003ccite>(Marcutti/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/water-use-in-california/\">half of all the water used in urban California goes to one place: landscaping\u003c/a>. Oftentimes, that means watering a wide, flat, lawn that requires consistent, and heavy, water use. Switching out the lawn for a garden featuring California native plants can save significant amounts of water, and bring a host of other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nine-year study conducted by the city of Santa Monica found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/uploadedFiles/Departments/OSE/Categories/Landscape/garden-garden-2013.pdf\">a California native plant garden not only used 83% less water than one with a lawn and shrubs, but also created far less waste and required less maintenance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife and insects thrive in gardens with California native plants, too, says Julie Saare-Edmonds, an environmental scientist with the California Department of Water Resources. She says she’s seen a growing interest in native plant gardens — especially in drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best native plants vary significantly depending on location. The California Native Plant Society maintains a vast database, called \u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/\">Calscape\u003c/a>, of regionally appropriate native plants. Gardners can decide whether they want to see plants that attract butterflies, plants with extremely low water needs, as well as low-maintenance options. And the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/water-basics/conservation-tips/plant-and-landscape-guide\">California Department of Water Resources has a comprehensive guide\u003c/a> for how to make the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you want to go further, each Bay Area county has a \u003ca href=\"http://mg.ucanr.edu/index.cfm\">master gardener program\u003c/a>. Seasoned gardeners are available to answer questions about designing native plant and drought-friendly gardens. Many also have demonstration gardens where newcomers can learn about their options, and find some inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to pay for it\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many water agencies in the Bay Area will help you cover the costs of using less water at home. Most often, this comes in the form of a rebate for projects like gray water installation, a smart flow meter, or a switch to a drought-friendly garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renters can take advantage of some of these programs, too, by switching in a free, water-efficient showerhead (that you can swap out when you leave) or tipping your landlord off to how they can replace an old toilet at no cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re highlighting a few programs offered by local water agencies, but check your provider for even more deals and specifics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/water/conservation-and-rebates/rebates/\">\u003cstrong>East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/strong> offers rebates for flow meters\u003c/a> that collect data on how much water you use, and where in your home. The agency has also doubled its rebate for converting yards into drought-friendly gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ccwater.com/157/Rebates-and-Coupons\">\u003cstrong>Contra Costa County\u003c/strong> offers rebates\u003c/a> up to $1,000 for homeowners to ditch the front lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinwater.org/rebates\">In \u003cstrong>Marin County\u003c/strong>, the water district has rebates\u003c/a> for rainwater storage systems and free mulching services — another way to have a drought-friendly yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acwd.org/134/Conservation-at-Home\">Free water conservation kits are available in \u003cstrong>Alameda County\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, as are \u003ca href=\"https://www.acwd.org/145/Rebates\">numerous rebates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/saving-water/rebates-surveys\">Valley Water in \u003cstrong>Santa Clara County\u003c/strong> offers rebates\u003c/a> up to $400 for installing gray water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfpuc.org/sites/default/files/learning/conservation/2021-0723-SFPUCs%20DROUGHT%20RESOURCE%20GUIDE_v2.pdf\">\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>‘s Public Utilities Commission has a range of options\u003c/a> — including free toilet replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-county-cities-offer-freebies-and-rebates-to-help-you-save-water/\">Many cities in \u003cstrong>Sonoma County\u003c/strong> have their own programs\u003c/a>, which include rebates for turf removal and free fixtures like showerheads and faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsanmateo.org/2714/Water-Conservation\">Options in \u003cstrong>San Mateo County\u003c/strong> include rebates for rain barrels.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofnapa.org/595/Residential-Programs\">\u003cstrong>Napa County\u003c/strong> will evaluate your water use at home for free\u003c/a> and help you strategize how to cut back on water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scwa2.com/water-efficiency/rebates-programs/residential-rebates/\">\u003cstrong>Solano County\u003c/strong> offers rebates\u003c/a> to upgrade to a high-efficiency washing machine and switch to smart irrigation controllers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Water conservation at home extends far beyond low-flow fixtures like toilets and showerheads. Water conservationists point to three big ways homeowners can cut back. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588093,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1293},"headData":{"title":"Three Big Ways to Save Water at Home | KQED","description":"Water conservation at home extends far beyond low-flow fixtures like toilets and showerheads. Water conservationists point to three big ways homeowners can cut back. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC7904503243.mp3?updated=1630451858","nprByline":"Nina Sparling","subhead":"Gray water systems, updating fixtures and getting rid of lawns are three big ways to save water at home.","path":"/news/11887053/three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a growing population, urban Californians are using far less water than in decades past. That’s in some measure thanks to straightforward changes people have made at home — like installing new toilets. The humble tool uses more water than any other, but over the years, \u003ca href=\"https://elemental.green/all-you-need-to-know-about-low-flow-toilets/\">toilets have dropped from using as many as 8 gallons per flush to as little as 0.8 gallons per flush\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water conservation at home extends far beyond a low-flow toilet. Some upgrades require nothing more than switching out a showerhead or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874287/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought\">keeping water cold in the fridge\u003c/a> — others involve a little more legwork. Water conservationists point to three big ways that homeowners can cut back.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using water twice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887108 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a hose connected through a utility sink on the back of her house to water her lawn\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/greywater-system-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amelia Terkel uses shower water on her trees through a homemade gray water system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Amir Terkel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Normally, the leftover water from a load of laundry, a bath or a shower runs down the drain and into the sewer system. But it doesn’t have to. In California, that water — the official name for it is gray water, or sometimes “greywater” — is perfect for watering most gardens. On average, \u003ca href=\"https://greywateraction.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GW_Study_revised1.pdf\">a gray water system can save a household over 14,000 gallons of water a year\u003c/a>, by simply redirecting that lightly used water into a yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gray water can offer you this source to [water] your fruit trees or berries or plants that need more irrigation water without using fresh water from the tap,” says Laura Allen of Greywater Action, an advocacy group in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common type of gray water system is a “laundry to landscape” setup, where the water from a load of laundry flows down a set of pipes into a yard or garden. Depending on specifics like the location of the washing machine in a home, \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbanfarmerstore.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/6_Graywater-L2L_RGW3-Graywater-Design-Manual-SFPUC.pdf\">homeowners can install a gray water system on their own\u003c/a>. The most straightforward projects don’t require a permit and can cost just a few hundred dollars. \u003ca href=\"https://greywateraction.org/greywater-system-examples/\">Other types of systems are more involved\u003c/a> and require permits and professional installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the most cost-efficient way to start using gray water immediately? Put a bucket in the shower while you’re waiting for the water to heat up. Then, use it to flush the toilet or water plants. Gray water should never be stored for more than 24 hours, and laundry-to-landscape systems do require a switch to eco-friendly detergent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Upgrade equipment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887105 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet.jpg\" alt=\"A leaky faucet\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/leaky-faucet-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Household leaks waste more water than many people know. For example, a toilet leak can waste about a gallon of water per hour. \u003ccite>(iStock/banusevim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Toilets aren’t the only fixtures that have evolved in the past several decades. \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleofblue.org/2016/water-management/infrastructure/study-efficient-fixtures-cut-u-s-indoor-water-use/\">One analysis found that residential water use nationwide dropped by 22% between 1999 and 2016\u003c/a> — and that’s by and large because appliances have gotten more water-efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has outdoor irrigation. But we don’t always jump to make fixes and upgrades that can save money — and water in the long run — says Justin Burks of Valley Water in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A new smartphone comes out [and] a lot of us will go out and get that new version,” Burks says. “But many of us live with the same irrigation equipment from 20 or 40 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-05/documents/ws-products-irrigation-outdoor-wbic-mini-report.pdf\">Newer irrigation systems come with smart controllers\u003c/a> that respond to the weather and measure moisture content in the soil, so the landscape only gets watered when it really needs it. Drip irrigation and high-efficiency sprinklers can also have a significant impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other small fixes to cut back on water use: \u003ca href=\"https://www.lowes.com/n/how-to/test-toilet-for-leaks\">check your toilet for leaks (a simple dye test kit does the trick)\u003c/a>. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kirklandwa.gov/Government/Departments/Public-Works-Department/Water/Why-was-my-water-bill-high\">20% of all toilets leak\u003c/a>, and in some cases, a leak can waste a gallon of water every hour. \u003ca href=\"https://www.denverwater.org/tap/big-benefits-cleaning-and-updating-faucet-aerators\">Another quick fix is to install a faucet aerator\u003c/a>, which limits the flow of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Turf’s up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11887109 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering.jpg\" alt=\"Row of sprinklers watering a lawn\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/lawn-watering-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Californians living in more urban environments use a lot of water on lawns. Outdoor watering accounts for half of all urban water use, so it’s an easy place to save. Some people are planting drought-tolerant gardens instead. \u003ccite>(Marcutti/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/water-use-in-california/\">half of all the water used in urban California goes to one place: landscaping\u003c/a>. Oftentimes, that means watering a wide, flat, lawn that requires consistent, and heavy, water use. Switching out the lawn for a garden featuring California native plants can save significant amounts of water, and bring a host of other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nine-year study conducted by the city of Santa Monica found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/uploadedFiles/Departments/OSE/Categories/Landscape/garden-garden-2013.pdf\">a California native plant garden not only used 83% less water than one with a lawn and shrubs, but also created far less waste and required less maintenance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife and insects thrive in gardens with California native plants, too, says Julie Saare-Edmonds, an environmental scientist with the California Department of Water Resources. She says she’s seen a growing interest in native plant gardens — especially in drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best native plants vary significantly depending on location. The California Native Plant Society maintains a vast database, called \u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/\">Calscape\u003c/a>, of regionally appropriate native plants. Gardners can decide whether they want to see plants that attract butterflies, plants with extremely low water needs, as well as low-maintenance options. And the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/water-basics/conservation-tips/plant-and-landscape-guide\">California Department of Water Resources has a comprehensive guide\u003c/a> for how to make the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you want to go further, each Bay Area county has a \u003ca href=\"http://mg.ucanr.edu/index.cfm\">master gardener program\u003c/a>. Seasoned gardeners are available to answer questions about designing native plant and drought-friendly gardens. Many also have demonstration gardens where newcomers can learn about their options, and find some inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to pay for it\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many water agencies in the Bay Area will help you cover the costs of using less water at home. Most often, this comes in the form of a rebate for projects like gray water installation, a smart flow meter, or a switch to a drought-friendly garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renters can take advantage of some of these programs, too, by switching in a free, water-efficient showerhead (that you can swap out when you leave) or tipping your landlord off to how they can replace an old toilet at no cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re highlighting a few programs offered by local water agencies, but check your provider for even more deals and specifics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/water/conservation-and-rebates/rebates/\">\u003cstrong>East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/strong> offers rebates for flow meters\u003c/a> that collect data on how much water you use, and where in your home. The agency has also doubled its rebate for converting yards into drought-friendly gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ccwater.com/157/Rebates-and-Coupons\">\u003cstrong>Contra Costa County\u003c/strong> offers rebates\u003c/a> up to $1,000 for homeowners to ditch the front lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinwater.org/rebates\">In \u003cstrong>Marin County\u003c/strong>, the water district has rebates\u003c/a> for rainwater storage systems and free mulching services — another way to have a drought-friendly yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acwd.org/134/Conservation-at-Home\">Free water conservation kits are available in \u003cstrong>Alameda County\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, as are \u003ca href=\"https://www.acwd.org/145/Rebates\">numerous rebates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.valleywater.org/saving-water/rebates-surveys\">Valley Water in \u003cstrong>Santa Clara County\u003c/strong> offers rebates\u003c/a> up to $400 for installing gray water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfpuc.org/sites/default/files/learning/conservation/2021-0723-SFPUCs%20DROUGHT%20RESOURCE%20GUIDE_v2.pdf\">\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>‘s Public Utilities Commission has a range of options\u003c/a> — including free toilet replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-county-cities-offer-freebies-and-rebates-to-help-you-save-water/\">Many cities in \u003cstrong>Sonoma County\u003c/strong> have their own programs\u003c/a>, which include rebates for turf removal and free fixtures like showerheads and faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsanmateo.org/2714/Water-Conservation\">Options in \u003cstrong>San Mateo County\u003c/strong> include rebates for rain barrels.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofnapa.org/595/Residential-Programs\">\u003cstrong>Napa County\u003c/strong> will evaluate your water use at home for free\u003c/a> and help you strategize how to cut back on water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scwa2.com/water-efficiency/rebates-programs/residential-rebates/\">\u003cstrong>Solano County\u003c/strong> offers rebates\u003c/a> to upgrade to a high-efficiency washing machine and switch to smart irrigation controllers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11887053/three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home","authors":["byline_news_11887053"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8","news_33520","news_356"],"tags":["news_17601","news_28199","news_29856","news_29855","news_6739","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11887100","label":"news_33523"},"news_11882464":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11882464","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11882464","score":null,"sort":[1627337718000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-low-can-we-go","title":"How Low Can We Go?","publishDate":1627337718,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11882466\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon showing a nearly empty Lake Oroville with a \"Lake Oroville\" sign crossed out to say \"Valley Oroville.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1285\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-800x535.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-1020x683.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-1536x1028.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California reservoirs lay bare the worsening \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioredroughtlakeoroville\">drought before our eyes\u003c/a>, with the water level at Lake Oroville quickly approaching a new record low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course Lake Oroville isn't the only rapidly shrinking reservoir. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2021/05/18/lake-shasta-facing-worst-season-least-44-years-reclamation-says/5155336001/\">Lake Shasta\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinwater.org/\">Marin County\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-07-11/lake-mead-hoover-dam-drought-nevada-arizona-california\">Lake Mead\u003c/a>, the state is in an extreme drought with no end in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those drying-up reservoirs next time you turn on the tap, and be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874287/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought\">take active steps\u003c/a> to conserve water if you haven't already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California reservoirs lay bare the worsening drought before our eyes, with the water level at Lake Oroville quickly approaching a new record low.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1627338422,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":84},"headData":{"title":"How Low Can We Go? | KQED","description":"California reservoirs lay bare the worsening drought before our eyes, with the water level at Lake Oroville quickly approaching a new record low.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11882464 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11882464","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/26/how-low-can-we-go/","disqusTitle":"How Low Can We Go?","path":"/news/11882464/how-low-can-we-go","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11882466\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon showing a nearly empty Lake Oroville with a \"Lake Oroville\" sign crossed out to say \"Valley Oroville.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1285\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-800x535.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-1020x683.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/lake_072621_final-1536x1028.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California reservoirs lay bare the worsening \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioredroughtlakeoroville\">drought before our eyes\u003c/a>, with the water level at Lake Oroville quickly approaching a new record low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course Lake Oroville isn't the only rapidly shrinking reservoir. From \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2021/05/18/lake-shasta-facing-worst-season-least-44-years-reclamation-says/5155336001/\">Lake Shasta\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinwater.org/\">Marin County\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-07-11/lake-mead-hoover-dam-drought-nevada-arizona-california\">Lake Mead\u003c/a>, the state is in an extreme drought with no end in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those drying-up reservoirs next time you turn on the tap, and be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11874287/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought\">take active steps\u003c/a> to conserve water if you haven't already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11882464/how-low-can-we-go","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_13"],"tags":["news_18022","news_17601","news_4175","news_20949","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11882466","label":"news_18515"},"news_11880716":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11880716","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11880716","score":null,"sort":[1625853200000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"during-jaw-dropping-california-drought-governor-asks-state-to-limit-water-use","title":"During 'Jaw-Dropping' California Drought, Governor Asks State to Limit Water Use","publishDate":1625853200,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut how much water they use by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/08/as-drought-conditions-intensify-governor-newsom-calls-on-californians-to-take-simple-actions-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">governor’s office said\u003c/a> if Californians reduce their water usage by 15%, it could save enough to supply 1.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880180/california-recall-election-set-for-sept-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recall election in September\u003c/a>, has so far refrained from ordering any mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's plea for voluntary reduction in water use demonstrates the growing challenges of a drought that will only worsen throughout the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-science-cd3e6dcb4d2490ed8c2ddcd3c54f69ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summer\u003c/a> and fall and is tied to more intense wildfires and heat waves. Temperatures in parts of the region are spiking again this week as firefighters battle \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ca-state-wire-california-fires-wildfires-4a22f9e6c31ebe2bef033586d8386f68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several wildfires\u003c/a> in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-oregon-wildfires-fires-22d608785b85d39b0fe8607d2af29177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other states\u003c/a> but are less extreme than the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-science-environment-and-nature-935be069af34aad472074d42097af85e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record heat wave\u003c/a> that may have caused hundreds of deaths in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-ecea3ed406610f352f5e3f64850b32f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> and British Columbia in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1975707 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/07/RS50215_GettyImages-1233516072-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s most important reservoirs\u003c/a> are already at dangerously low levels and will likely reach historic lows later this year. Lake Oroville in Northern California is at 30% capacity, and state officials worry water levels could get so low they might have to shut down a hydroelectric plant later this year. Along the Russian River, officials fear Lake Mendocino could empty later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is jaw-dropping, what’s happening in the West Coast of the United States,” Newsom said Thursday during a news conference at Lopez Lake, a reservoir in San Luis Obispo County formed by a dam on the Arroyo Grande Creek that is at 34% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic drought tied to climate change is gripping the U.S. West and comes just a few years after California declared its last dry spell over in 2016. The earlier drought in California depleted groundwater supplies and changed how people use water, with many people and businesses ripping out landscaping and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to before the previous drought, urban water usage in California is down an average of 16%. But scientists say this drought is already hotter and drier than the earlier one, accelerating the impact on people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Mediterranean climate means it doesn’t get significant rain or snow until the winter. The state relies on snowmelt in the mountains to fill its reservoirs in the spring, which then provide water for farms, homes and fish throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big storms in January made officials optimistic about avoiding water shortages this year. But the soil was so dry that instead of melting into runoff to fill rivers and reservoirs, much of the snow in the mountains instead seeped into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we didn’t understand was we had this deepening and intensifying drought underground,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “It really is the speed at which the compounding effects of climate change in soil moisture and ambient temperatures have made this drought a very different kind of drought. It’s no longer a slow-moving train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how low California’s reservoirs already are, Nemeth said Newsom’s request for people to use less water is about planning for next year. The governor is asking for voluntary conservation efforts, such as taking shorter showers, running dishwashers only when they are full and reducing the frequency of watering lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta, a grassroots organization seeking to protect the San Francisco Bay Delta and its surrounding communities, called Newsom’s response “too little, too late.” She said her group and others warned the state at the end of 2020 to prepare for the drought, and added that Newsom has been given “bad advice” by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let too much of the water out of the system for industrial agriculture users,” she said. “Our water resources and public trust resources like salmon fisheries have been squandered for almonds and other unsustainable crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, meanwhile, have complained about their water allocations being severely cut this year. Nemeth said the state released water from Lake Oroville largely to satisfy water quality requirements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, formed by those two river systems that feed into the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"drought\" label=\"More drought coverage\"]“We released more than we had planned because much of that water never made it to the delta — it was diverted by other water users instead,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local governments already have imposed mandatory water restrictions. And in Oregon, Gov. Kate Brown \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-droughts-dee2206521e42d939984b3ba7ab41aa1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> this week to stop watering lawns, washing windows at their offices and running fountains that don’t recirculate water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nevada-droughts-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-3bc619e46f902b2ebb77245fcf54e22a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> bans nearly a third of grass in the Las Vegas area, targeting ornamental turf at places like office parks and street medians. The ban does not apply to single-family homes, parks and golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Newsom on Thursday also added nine more counties to an emergency drought proclamation, which now covers 50 of the state’s 58 counties and 42% of the state’s population. The newly added counties are Inyo, Marin, Mono, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties included in the proclamation are eligible for various state actions, including suspension of some environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco, are not included in the proclamation. But Newsom is still asking people who live in heavily populated areas to reduce their water consumption because they rely on rivers and reservoirs in drought-stricken areas for much of their supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut water usage by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1625865054,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1018},"headData":{"title":"During 'Jaw-Dropping' California Drought, Governor Asks State to Limit Water Use | KQED","description":"Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut water usage by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11880716 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11880716","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/09/during-jaw-dropping-california-drought-governor-asks-state-to-limit-water-use/","disqusTitle":"During 'Jaw-Dropping' California Drought, Governor Asks State to Limit Water Use","nprByline":"Adam Beam\u003cbr>Associated Press","path":"/news/11880716/during-jaw-dropping-california-drought-governor-asks-state-to-limit-water-use","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut how much water they use by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/08/as-drought-conditions-intensify-governor-newsom-calls-on-californians-to-take-simple-actions-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">governor’s office said\u003c/a> if Californians reduce their water usage by 15%, it could save enough to supply 1.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880180/california-recall-election-set-for-sept-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recall election in September\u003c/a>, has so far refrained from ordering any mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's plea for voluntary reduction in water use demonstrates the growing challenges of a drought that will only worsen throughout the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-science-cd3e6dcb4d2490ed8c2ddcd3c54f69ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summer\u003c/a> and fall and is tied to more intense wildfires and heat waves. Temperatures in parts of the region are spiking again this week as firefighters battle \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ca-state-wire-california-fires-wildfires-4a22f9e6c31ebe2bef033586d8386f68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several wildfires\u003c/a> in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-oregon-wildfires-fires-22d608785b85d39b0fe8607d2af29177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other states\u003c/a> but are less extreme than the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-science-environment-and-nature-935be069af34aad472074d42097af85e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record heat wave\u003c/a> that may have caused hundreds of deaths in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-ecea3ed406610f352f5e3f64850b32f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> and British Columbia in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1975707","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/07/RS50215_GettyImages-1233516072-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s most important reservoirs\u003c/a> are already at dangerously low levels and will likely reach historic lows later this year. Lake Oroville in Northern California is at 30% capacity, and state officials worry water levels could get so low they might have to shut down a hydroelectric plant later this year. Along the Russian River, officials fear Lake Mendocino could empty later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is jaw-dropping, what’s happening in the West Coast of the United States,” Newsom said Thursday during a news conference at Lopez Lake, a reservoir in San Luis Obispo County formed by a dam on the Arroyo Grande Creek that is at 34% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic drought tied to climate change is gripping the U.S. West and comes just a few years after California declared its last dry spell over in 2016. The earlier drought in California depleted groundwater supplies and changed how people use water, with many people and businesses ripping out landscaping and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to before the previous drought, urban water usage in California is down an average of 16%. But scientists say this drought is already hotter and drier than the earlier one, accelerating the impact on people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Mediterranean climate means it doesn’t get significant rain or snow until the winter. The state relies on snowmelt in the mountains to fill its reservoirs in the spring, which then provide water for farms, homes and fish throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big storms in January made officials optimistic about avoiding water shortages this year. But the soil was so dry that instead of melting into runoff to fill rivers and reservoirs, much of the snow in the mountains instead seeped into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we didn’t understand was we had this deepening and intensifying drought underground,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “It really is the speed at which the compounding effects of climate change in soil moisture and ambient temperatures have made this drought a very different kind of drought. It’s no longer a slow-moving train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how low California’s reservoirs already are, Nemeth said Newsom’s request for people to use less water is about planning for next year. The governor is asking for voluntary conservation efforts, such as taking shorter showers, running dishwashers only when they are full and reducing the frequency of watering lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta, a grassroots organization seeking to protect the San Francisco Bay Delta and its surrounding communities, called Newsom’s response “too little, too late.” She said her group and others warned the state at the end of 2020 to prepare for the drought, and added that Newsom has been given “bad advice” by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let too much of the water out of the system for industrial agriculture users,” she said. “Our water resources and public trust resources like salmon fisheries have been squandered for almonds and other unsustainable crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, meanwhile, have complained about their water allocations being severely cut this year. Nemeth said the state released water from Lake Oroville largely to satisfy water quality requirements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, formed by those two river systems that feed into the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"drought","label":"More drought coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We released more than we had planned because much of that water never made it to the delta — it was diverted by other water users instead,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local governments already have imposed mandatory water restrictions. And in Oregon, Gov. Kate Brown \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-droughts-dee2206521e42d939984b3ba7ab41aa1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> this week to stop watering lawns, washing windows at their offices and running fountains that don’t recirculate water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nevada-droughts-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-3bc619e46f902b2ebb77245fcf54e22a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> bans nearly a third of grass in the Las Vegas area, targeting ornamental turf at places like office parks and street medians. The ban does not apply to single-family homes, parks and golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Newsom on Thursday also added nine more counties to an emergency drought proclamation, which now covers 50 of the state’s 58 counties and 42% of the state’s population. The newly added counties are Inyo, Marin, Mono, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties included in the proclamation are eligible for various state actions, including suspension of some environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco, are not included in the proclamation. But Newsom is still asking people who live in heavily populated areas to reduce their water consumption because they rely on rivers and reservoirs in drought-stricken areas for much of their supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11880716/during-jaw-dropping-california-drought-governor-asks-state-to-limit-water-use","authors":["byline_news_11880716"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_18538","news_18022","news_19204","news_17601","news_18578","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11880719","label":"news"},"news_11874287":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11874287","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11874287","score":null,"sort":[1621512116000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought","title":"12 Simple Ways to Conserve Water at Home During a California Drought","publishDate":1621512116,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>It's official: The entire Bay Area is once again in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a California drought emergency for certain regions, which has since been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974669/the-entire-bay-area-is-in-extreme-drought-heres-what-your-local-water-supplier-is-doing\">expanded to encompass parts of the Bay Area\u003c/a>. And over the last couple of weeks, our region has jumped from moderate to extreme drought conditions, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water districts around the Bay Area are already imposing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974669/the-entire-bay-area-is-in-extreme-drought-heres-what-your-local-water-supplier-is-doing\">water conservation measures\u003c/a> on residents, and there are several lasting measures homeowners can take to combat water wastage, from installing low-flow toilets and showerheads to building a rainwater collection system. But some of the most effective ways to save water don't require any home alterations — and that's especially handy if you're renting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for some of the simplest ways to tweak your behavior at home to save on water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Keep Drinking Water in the Fridge So You Don't Have to Run the Tap While It Cools\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>You don't need a fancy water pitcher to make storing water in the fridge worthwhile. Keeping drinking water there will prevent you from running the tap while you wait for cold water to reach the faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you work out at home, having cold water on hand while you exercise is actually better for rehydrating. That's because your \u003ca href=\"http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/better-drink-warm-rather-cold-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">body absorbs cold liquids faster than room-temperature liquids\u003c/a> during exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stop Rinsing Dishes Before You Place Them in the Dishwasher\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Scrape food scraps into a compost bin instead of rinsing them down the drain. Garbage disposals require a lot of water to work properly (and \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-dark-matter-inside-the-compost-cycle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">composting is pretty great\u003c/a>.) Modern dishwashers have gotten good at cleaning stuck-on food without using as much water as hand-washing. By rinsing beforehand, you're not only wasting water, but also time. If food is really encrusted onto your dishes, try soaking them instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Only Wash Full Loads of Laundry\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Always wait until a load is full before doing laundry. If you must do a smaller load, be sure to adjust the water settings on your washer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the same token, be sure your dishwasher is completely full before running it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>... And Use the Cold Setting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Washing your laundry on cold can help conserve water and energy. What's more, \u003ca href=\"https://wateruseitwisely.com/tips/category/indoor-tips/\">washing dark clothes in cold water\u003c/a> can help them keep their color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1974669 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/05/April-20-vs-may-4-1020x514.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Take Shorter Showers, Skip Baths Entirely\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you're someone who likes to take long hot showers, you might want to get your phone's timer involved to remind you to keep your shower to five minutes or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sorry, bath fans: \u003ca href=\"https://wateruseitwisely.com/tips/category/indoor-tips/\">A full bathtub can require up to 70 gallons of water\u003c/a>, so showers that last less than five minutes will use much less water than one bath (though that can vary by showerhead.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Buy Drought-Tolerant Plants for Your Home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Choosing your outdoor plants carefully for the amount of water they need (or rather, don't need) is an excellent way to maintain a colorful outdoor space without requiring constant watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunset Magazine has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunset.com/garden/flowers-plants/low-water-plants\">a list of drought-tolerant plants\u003c/a> to get you started, from cacti to blooming evergreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Take Your Car to the Automatic Car Wash Instead of Washing at Home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many automatic car washes recycle their water, so taking your vehicle to one of these businesses — rather than washing your car at home in the street or on your driveway — is a more environmentally friendly option for keeping your car clean. (Unfortunately, it costs more money though.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dropped Ice on the Floor? Give It to Your Plants\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No drop of water is too small to be saved. So if you fumble the ice tray, instead of tossing the ice cubes you dropped into the sink, consider placing them in the soil of a plant instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FYI, you can also use ice to water plants on a regular basis. It allows plants to absorb the water slowly and generally uses less water than traditional watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reuse Water for Your Plants Wherever You Can\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Water for your plants can add up, so collecting used water for watering plants — instead of letting it run straight down the drain — is an easy way to save a few gallons of water each week. Opportunities to reuse water include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cooled-down water from cooking pasta ...\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>... or from steaming or boiling vegetables\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your pet's water bowl when you're refreshing it\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you're running the faucet to get the water hot, collect the water as it runs and save it for reuse. You might consider keeping a gallon jug and a funnel under your sink for conserving used water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serve Meals Straight From the Pot, Not From a Dish\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By cutting down on the number of dishes you use during cooking, you can make a big impact on how often the dishwasher is needed. (Or how much water you'll be using to do the dishes by hand.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fix Leaks Around the House\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Water lost to leaks from faucets and showerheads can add up. According to Arizona's \u003ca href=\"https://wateruseitwisely.com/tips/category/bathroom/?view=list\">Water: Use It Wisely\u003c/a>, one drip every second adds up to five gallons of water lost every day. In this spirit, make sure you turn taps tightly when you're done running water to prevent drips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're renting and you're unable to fix a leak yourself, inform your landlord or property manager of the need to fix it straightaway.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Switch From a Hose to a Broom for Cleaning Your Patio\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>... and try sweeping or vacuuming hard floors instead of mopping with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/123932/eight-simple-ways-to-conserve-water\">A version of this post was originally published in 2015.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From drought-tolerant plants to saving your pasta water, we have tips on how to conserve water at home now that the Bay Area is back in drought.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1621534414,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":966},"headData":{"title":"12 Simple Ways to Conserve Water at Home During a California Drought | KQED","description":"From drought-tolerant plants to saving your pasta water, we have tips on how to conserve water at home now that the Bay Area is back in drought.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11874287 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11874287","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/05/20/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought/","disqusTitle":"12 Simple Ways to Conserve Water at Home During a California Drought","path":"/news/11874287/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's official: The entire Bay Area is once again in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a California drought emergency for certain regions, which has since been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974669/the-entire-bay-area-is-in-extreme-drought-heres-what-your-local-water-supplier-is-doing\">expanded to encompass parts of the Bay Area\u003c/a>. And over the last couple of weeks, our region has jumped from moderate to extreme drought conditions, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water districts around the Bay Area are already imposing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974669/the-entire-bay-area-is-in-extreme-drought-heres-what-your-local-water-supplier-is-doing\">water conservation measures\u003c/a> on residents, and there are several lasting measures homeowners can take to combat water wastage, from installing low-flow toilets and showerheads to building a rainwater collection system. But some of the most effective ways to save water don't require any home alterations — and that's especially handy if you're renting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for some of the simplest ways to tweak your behavior at home to save on water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Keep Drinking Water in the Fridge So You Don't Have to Run the Tap While It Cools\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>You don't need a fancy water pitcher to make storing water in the fridge worthwhile. Keeping drinking water there will prevent you from running the tap while you wait for cold water to reach the faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you work out at home, having cold water on hand while you exercise is actually better for rehydrating. That's because your \u003ca href=\"http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/better-drink-warm-rather-cold-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">body absorbs cold liquids faster than room-temperature liquids\u003c/a> during exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stop Rinsing Dishes Before You Place Them in the Dishwasher\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Scrape food scraps into a compost bin instead of rinsing them down the drain. Garbage disposals require a lot of water to work properly (and \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-dark-matter-inside-the-compost-cycle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">composting is pretty great\u003c/a>.) Modern dishwashers have gotten good at cleaning stuck-on food without using as much water as hand-washing. By rinsing beforehand, you're not only wasting water, but also time. If food is really encrusted onto your dishes, try soaking them instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Only Wash Full Loads of Laundry\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Always wait until a load is full before doing laundry. If you must do a smaller load, be sure to adjust the water settings on your washer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the same token, be sure your dishwasher is completely full before running it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>... And Use the Cold Setting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Washing your laundry on cold can help conserve water and energy. What's more, \u003ca href=\"https://wateruseitwisely.com/tips/category/indoor-tips/\">washing dark clothes in cold water\u003c/a> can help them keep their color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1974669","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/05/April-20-vs-may-4-1020x514.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Take Shorter Showers, Skip Baths Entirely\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you're someone who likes to take long hot showers, you might want to get your phone's timer involved to remind you to keep your shower to five minutes or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sorry, bath fans: \u003ca href=\"https://wateruseitwisely.com/tips/category/indoor-tips/\">A full bathtub can require up to 70 gallons of water\u003c/a>, so showers that last less than five minutes will use much less water than one bath (though that can vary by showerhead.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Buy Drought-Tolerant Plants for Your Home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Choosing your outdoor plants carefully for the amount of water they need (or rather, don't need) is an excellent way to maintain a colorful outdoor space without requiring constant watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunset Magazine has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunset.com/garden/flowers-plants/low-water-plants\">a list of drought-tolerant plants\u003c/a> to get you started, from cacti to blooming evergreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Take Your Car to the Automatic Car Wash Instead of Washing at Home\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many automatic car washes recycle their water, so taking your vehicle to one of these businesses — rather than washing your car at home in the street or on your driveway — is a more environmentally friendly option for keeping your car clean. (Unfortunately, it costs more money though.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dropped Ice on the Floor? Give It to Your Plants\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No drop of water is too small to be saved. So if you fumble the ice tray, instead of tossing the ice cubes you dropped into the sink, consider placing them in the soil of a plant instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FYI, you can also use ice to water plants on a regular basis. It allows plants to absorb the water slowly and generally uses less water than traditional watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reuse Water for Your Plants Wherever You Can\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Water for your plants can add up, so collecting used water for watering plants — instead of letting it run straight down the drain — is an easy way to save a few gallons of water each week. Opportunities to reuse water include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cooled-down water from cooking pasta ...\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>... or from steaming or boiling vegetables\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your pet's water bowl when you're refreshing it\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you're running the faucet to get the water hot, collect the water as it runs and save it for reuse. You might consider keeping a gallon jug and a funnel under your sink for conserving used water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Serve Meals Straight From the Pot, Not From a Dish\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By cutting down on the number of dishes you use during cooking, you can make a big impact on how often the dishwasher is needed. (Or how much water you'll be using to do the dishes by hand.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fix Leaks Around the House\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Water lost to leaks from faucets and showerheads can add up. According to Arizona's \u003ca href=\"https://wateruseitwisely.com/tips/category/bathroom/?view=list\">Water: Use It Wisely\u003c/a>, one drip every second adds up to five gallons of water lost every day. In this spirit, make sure you turn taps tightly when you're done running water to prevent drips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're renting and you're unable to fix a leak yourself, inform your landlord or property manager of the need to fix it straightaway.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Switch From a Hose to a Broom for Cleaning Your Patio\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>... and try sweeping or vacuuming hard floors instead of mopping with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/123932/eight-simple-ways-to-conserve-water\">A version of this post was originally published in 2015.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11874287/12-simple-ways-to-conserve-water-at-home-during-a-california-drought","authors":["3243","102"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_18022","news_20447","news_21074","news_17601","news_483","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11874433","label":"news"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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