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He also helped establish the first newsroom at \u003ca href=\"http://kut.org/\">KUT\u003c/a> in Austin, Texas where he was a general assignment reporter.\r\n\r\nSteven has received numerous awards for his reporting including an RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award for investigative reporting in addition to awards from the LA Press Club, the Associated Press and the Society for Professional Journalists.\r\n\r\nSteven grew up in and around San Francisco and now lives in Pasadena just a short jog from the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bbb0bb7b496f83ab350e23ad0dc7c81c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Steven Cuevas | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bbb0bb7b496f83ab350e23ad0dc7c81c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bbb0bb7b496f83ab350e23ad0dc7c81c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/scuevas"},"adembosky":{"type":"authors","id":"3205","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3205","found":true},"name":"April Dembosky","firstName":"April","lastName":"Dembosky","slug":"adembosky","email":"adembosky@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Health Correspondent","bio":"April Dembosky is the health correspondent for KQED News and a regular contributor to NPR. She specializes in covering altered states of mind, from postpartum depression to methamphetamine-induced psychosis to the insanity defense. Her investigative series on insurance companies sidestepping mental health laws won multiple awards, including first place in beat reporting from the national Association of Health Care Journalists. She is the recipient of numerous other prizes and fellowships, including a national Edward R. Murrow award for investigative reporting, a Society of Professional Journalists award for long-form storytelling, and a Carter Center Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism.\r\n\r\nDembosky reported and produced \u003cem>Soundtrack of Silence\u003c/em>, an audio documentary about music and memory that is currently being made into a feature film by Paramount Pictures.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2013, Dembosky covered technology and Silicon Valley for \u003cem>The Financial Times of London,\u003c/em> and contributed business and arts stories to \u003cem>Marketplace \u003c/em>and \u003cem>The New York Times.\u003c/em> She got her undergraduate degree in philosophy from Smith College and her master's in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley. She is a classically trained violinist and proud alum of the first symphony orchestra at Burning Man.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"adembosky","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"April Dembosky | KQED","description":"KQED Health Correspondent","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ef92999be4ceb9ea60701e7dc276f813?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/adembosky"},"rlevi":{"type":"authors","id":"11260","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11260","found":true},"name":"Ryan Levi","firstName":"Ryan","lastName":"Levi","slug":"rlevi","email":"rlevi@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Ryan Levi was a reporter and podcast producer at KQED News from 2016-2019. He worked on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay/\">The Bay, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>, as well as hosting and producing the weekly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/qedup/\">Q'ed Up podcast. \u003c/a>He also helped inaugurate KQED's weekend news coverage in 2017 as one of two original digital producers. Ryan holds degrees in multimedia journalism and Spanish from the University of Missouri.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ryan_levi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"breakingnews","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ryan Levi | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rlevi"},"parcuni":{"type":"authors","id":"11368","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11368","found":true},"name":"Peter Arcuni","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Arcuni","slug":"parcuni","email":"parcuni@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Reporter","bio":"Peter reports radio and online stories for \u003cem>KQED Science\u003c/em>. His work has also appeared on the \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> morning show and \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>. His production credits include \u003cem>The California Report, The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> and KQED's local news podcast \u003cem>The Bay\u003c/em>. Other credits include NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, WNYC's \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em>, WBUR's \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>, WIRED and SFGate. Peter graduated from Brown University and earned a master's degree in journalism from Stanford. He's covered everything from homelessness to wildfires, health, the environment, arts and Thanksgiving in San Quentin prison. In other lives, he played rock n roll music and studied neuroscience. You can email him at: parcuni@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"peterarcuni","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Peter Arcuni | KQED","description":"Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/parcuni"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11929824":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11929824","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11929824","score":null,"sort":[1666394419000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kermit-jones-exploring-the-metaverse","title":"Kermit Jones | Exploring the Metaverse","publishDate":1666394419,"format":"video","headTitle":"KQED Newsroom | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":7052,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cb>Kermit Jones\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Kermit Jones, a Democrat, is running for a seat in California’s 3rd Congressional District, a mostly rural district that leans conservative. He’s up against Republican Kevin Kiley, currently a state Assemblymember. The district stretches from Plumas County, through Sacramento suburbs, into parts of El Dorado County and down to Inyo County. (Note: Assemblymember Kiley declined to be interviewed.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Exploring the Metaverse\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you’ve seen the sci-fi movie Ready Player One, you can imagine a bit of what the metaverse might be like. But it’s still forming, so does anyone really know? Tech giants are betting big that it will change our lives forever — just look at Facebook changing its name to Meta. And analysts say the metaverse industry is expected to boom by hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. But building out a digital universe is far from certain. There are major obstacles to overcome, from creation to adoption. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sami Khan, Atlas Earth CEO and co-founder\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rachel Metz, CNN Business senior writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Op Tepmongkol-Wheaton, The Ohzone Inc. CEO and founder\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: 1950s San Francisco\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s take a journey in time in the other direction — into the past. This week's Something Beautiful reveals San Francisco in the 1950s, with archival footage of some of the city's famed spots.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1666634128,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":235},"headData":{"title":"Kermit Jones | Exploring the Metaverse | KQED","description":"Kermit Jones Dr. Kermit Jones, a Democrat, is running for a seat in California’s 3rd Congressional District, a mostly rural district that leans conservative. He’s up against Republican Kevin Kiley, currently a state Assemblymember. The district stretches from Plumas County, through Sacramento suburbs, into parts of El Dorado County and down to Inyo County. (Note:","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11929824 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11929824","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/21/kermit-jones-exploring-the-metaverse/","disqusTitle":"Kermit Jones | Exploring the Metaverse","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/N91YqwTdv74","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11929824/kermit-jones-exploring-the-metaverse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Kermit Jones\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Kermit Jones, a Democrat, is running for a seat in California’s 3rd Congressional District, a mostly rural district that leans conservative. He’s up against Republican Kevin Kiley, currently a state Assemblymember. The district stretches from Plumas County, through Sacramento suburbs, into parts of El Dorado County and down to Inyo County. (Note: Assemblymember Kiley declined to be interviewed.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Exploring the Metaverse\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you’ve seen the sci-fi movie Ready Player One, you can imagine a bit of what the metaverse might be like. But it’s still forming, so does anyone really know? Tech giants are betting big that it will change our lives forever — just look at Facebook changing its name to Meta. And analysts say the metaverse industry is expected to boom by hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. But building out a digital universe is far from certain. There are major obstacles to overcome, from creation to adoption. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sami Khan, Atlas Earth CEO and co-founder\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rachel Metz, CNN Business senior writer\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Op Tepmongkol-Wheaton, The Ohzone Inc. CEO and founder\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: 1950s San Francisco\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s take a journey in time in the other direction — into the past. This week's Something Beautiful reveals San Francisco in the 1950s, with archival footage of some of the city's famed spots.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11929824/kermit-jones-exploring-the-metaverse","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_7052"],"categories":["news_28250","news_8","news_13","news_248"],"tags":["news_31883","news_19177","news_30214","news_31878","news_31881","news_17968","news_31880","news_31879","news_31882","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_11929825","label":"news_7052"},"news_11898973":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11898973","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11898973","score":null,"sort":[1639566105000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-virtual-reality-help-combat-racial-bias-in-health-care","title":"Can Virtual Reality Be Used to Combat Racial Bias in Health Care?","publishDate":1639566105,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>When you slip the virtual reality headset over your eyes and take hold of the hand controls, a middle-aged Black woman appears before you. When you move your hands, she moves hers. When you turn your head to the left, so does she.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are Monique Williams,” the VR narrator says. “Take a look at yourself in the mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a short Afro and you’re wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans. You’ve been experiencing a lot of pain in your right arm, the narrator tells you, but after you went to the doctor two weeks ago, the pain has gotten worse, so you're heading back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you sit on a medical exam table, and a white doctor stands at her computer looking down at you. Her voice brims with contempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I can see in these notes that one of the other doctors on my team told you \u003cem>last time\u003c/em> that a lot of what you're experiencing is because of your \u003cem>weight\u003c/em> and lack of exercise,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you try to tell her the pain is really bad and you need help right now, she looks at her cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listen, Monica. Uh, Monique,” she says. “As the professional here, I can say, I really don't think you need anything other than to work on diet and exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11899065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MoniquePOV-e1639526962778.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A virtual reality program lets users experience racial bias as patient Monique Williams, a middle-aged Black woman. UCSF researchers hope virtual reality tools can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the VR narrator asks you how you feel, giving you a range of emoticons to choose from. The frustration, anger and embarrassment all are feelings behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor, 50, knows well from real life. She’s Black and has gone through the same experience as Monique at the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, I've gone in, I had some back pain and they will not prescribe pain meds because there’s a perception of drug-seeking behavior,” she said. “In those instances, I have felt that, ‘You don't believe me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black patients overall are 22% less likely to be prescribed pain medication than white patients, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239747/\">according to an analysis of 20 years of research\u003c/a>. These treatment disparities are often traced to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\">bias among physicians\u003c/a>, many of whom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain\">research shows\u003c/a>, falsely believe Black people feel less pain than white people. Such beliefs and behaviors are seen across medical fields and can contribute to fatal consequences. Black people are more likely to die from conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=19\">heart disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=18\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-deaths.html\">COVID\u003c/a> compared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality might play a part in reversing trends like these, testing the simulation to see whether it can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826872/all-you-want-is-to-be-believed-the-impacts-of-unconscious-bias-in-health-care\">unconscious bias\u003c/a> among doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using emotion to bypass intellectual defenses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/news/tapping-virtual-reality-help-drive-equity-healthcare\">CULTIVATE\u003c/a>, short for Combating Unequal Treatment in Health Care Through Virtual Awareness and Training in Empathy. Researchers hypothesize virtual reality can interrupt the kinds of interactions patients like Monique have and may even do a better job than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\">existing training modules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kelly Taylor, behavioral scientist and co-leader of UCSF's CULTIVATE project\"]'We're not telling you, 'You're bad.' We're saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.'[/pullquote]“Unconscious bias training is super popular,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the many medical institutions that now ask their staff and students to complete some form of it. California law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB65\">now mandates unconscious bias training for all maternity care providers\u003c/a> in an attempt to address the disparities in the state’s maternal and infant mortality rates: Black women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889997/new-momnibus-bill-wants-to-help-more-black-moms-survive-childbirth\">three times as likely to die\u003c/a> from childbirth-related complications compared to the state average, and Black and Native American babies are twice as likely to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law doesn’t specify what training should be used. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687518/\">Research is mixed\u003c/a> on the many variations of unconscious bias training that have been developed, and, Taylor says, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265967/\">jury is still out\u003c/a> on how well it works or whether it works at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don't know much about dosing — how much it should take, how long we should do it to actually see a change in implicit bias,” she adds. “We do know that in some spaces, if it's not carefully thought through, it can actually do more harm than good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show white men in particular may \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened\">feel shamed or threatened by diversity training\u003c/a>. They argue back or shut down, Taylor says — conversation over. With virtual reality, Taylor’s team thinks they can sidestep some of the brain’s intellectual defenses and trigger an empathy response instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we're not telling you, 'You're bad,'\" Taylor said. “We're saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11899062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Scientist Kelly Taylor, a Black woman, uses a VR headset\" width=\"1108\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg 1108w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate unconscious bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Taylor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Can you teach empathy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is scientific debate around whether empathy is something that can be taught. Some social psychologists believe it's a fixed trait, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm\">rooted in genetics\u003c/a>, and what we’re born with is what we have for life. But others, including Taylor and her team, believe whatever our innate capacity for empathy is, we can learn to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality, in particular, can be an effective tool for cultivating empathy, with some calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://cas.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/casEWP/documents/MS%202019.pdf#page=132\">the empathy machine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204494\">A Stanford study\u003c/a> showed that people who lost their homes in virtual reality developed long-lasting compassion for unhoused people in real life and were more willing to sign a petition for affordable housing. More than 86% of participants in a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2020/12000/Cultivating_Empathy_Through_Virtual_Reality_.36.aspx\">Columbia study\u003c/a> said VR enhanced their empathy for people of color after they inhabited the experience of a Black man interacting with police and being ignored in a job interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can intellectually understand something, but when you evoke an emotion, it scientifically interacts with a different part of your brain. It codes in your memory in a different way. It triggers different physiologic processes,” said Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF and an investigator on the research team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing stories in the news, seeing movies about how other people live and traveling to different states or countries all are things that allow us to connect with others, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing people differently, understanding something differently than the way we saw something in the first place is where empathy comes from,” she said. “So I think it is learnable and teachable, and more importantly, it's encode-able: It becomes a part of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers caution that empathy is just one piece of what should be a comprehensive, ongoing approach to training health care providers about racism and bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change hearts and minds,” said Monique Jindal, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois Chicago, who believes individual bias training should be paired with education about the structural and systemic causes of racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She equates addressing unconscious bias with quitting smoking, which often involves multiple attempts and strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people need knowledge, some people need to be motivated, some people need to be scared by something,” she said. “There are a lot of things that go into someone being able to change the way that they are and the way that they've operated throughout the world their whole life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can building empathy lead to change in the doctor's office?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers acknowledge that their VR simulation is only a starting point. The study is in its early phases and still needs to be refined and fully tested before it can be scaled and, ultimately, given away for free to whatever institutions wish to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they want to see whether it sparks an empathy response, and whether that might lead to even small changes in how doctors interact with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened for one of the first white doctors who tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mike Reid placed the VR headset over his head and became Monique Williams, his breathing quickened almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in the body of a Black woman. I've got boobs and I feel different as I look at myself in the mirror,” said Reid, an infectious disease doctor at UCSF and co-principal investigator on the study, along with Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes in the virtual clinic, being ignored by the receptionist and failing to get the doctor to take his pain seriously, he’s visibly flustered. He looks like he just ran to catch a bus, but still missed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Viscerally, it was very uncomfortable,” he said. “I felt uncomfortable about the lack of eye contact and what felt like contempt or dismissiveness. I could feel my blood pressure rising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11899067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woman of color watches as white man uses VR headset in medical office\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nova Wilson, program coordinator for the UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, instructs Dr. Mike Reid on using virtual reality equipment at UCSF offices in San Francisco on Dec. 10, 2021. The VR program is intended to teach doctors to have more empathy for their patients of color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right away, Reid starts reflecting on how he’s made his patients of color feel this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm embarrassed to say that I think these kinds of things happen all the time,” he said. “I keep people waiting. I'm not fully attentive to their needs because I'm distracted by a million other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR simulation includes what researchers call a “repair vignette,” where Monique goes back to the clinic and this time is treated with respect and kindness. The doctor asks her if she prefers to be called 'Monique' or 'Ms. Williams.' She sits down across from her at eye level. She listens and collaborates with her on finding an immediate solution to her pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid says these are changes he can make to his practice right away. Before this, seeing a patient was all about his own time and all the things he had to do. Now, he’s thinking about his patients of color and how precious their time is. He believes these adjustments will save time overall, for him and his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they feel respected and validated, you are more likely to be a confidante and trusted provider to them,” he said, “and the engagement is more likely to be productive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a long road from building trust and rapport to having a definitive impact on a person’s health, let alone reversing the statistics on racial disparities in disease outcomes and death. A large, long-term study is needed to see whether there’s a causal relationship there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So essentially, does our VR reduce health disparities? It’s a huge question,” Kelly Taylor said. “We'd love to be able to say, 10, five years even from now, that yes, it does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, if doctors say they’re going to do their work differently because of VR, even on a small scale, Taylor says, “We’d be satisfied with that outcome for now.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UCSF researchers believe putting doctors in the shoes of their Black and Latinx patients will raise awareness of medical mistreatment and lead to improvements in care.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1639626765,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":2004},"headData":{"title":"Can Virtual Reality Be Used to Combat Racial Bias in Health Care? | KQED","description":"UCSF researchers believe putting doctors in the shoes of their Black and Latinx patients will raise awareness of medical mistreatment and lead to improvements in care.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11898973 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11898973","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/12/15/can-virtual-reality-help-combat-racial-bias-in-health-care/","disqusTitle":"Can Virtual Reality Be Used to Combat Racial Bias in Health Care?","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/8d8f85ac-e290-441f-a837-adff012ddb56/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11898973/can-virtual-reality-help-combat-racial-bias-in-health-care","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you slip the virtual reality headset over your eyes and take hold of the hand controls, a middle-aged Black woman appears before you. When you move your hands, she moves hers. When you turn your head to the left, so does she.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are Monique Williams,” the VR narrator says. “Take a look at yourself in the mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a short Afro and you’re wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans. You’ve been experiencing a lot of pain in your right arm, the narrator tells you, but after you went to the doctor two weeks ago, the pain has gotten worse, so you're heading back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you sit on a medical exam table, and a white doctor stands at her computer looking down at you. Her voice brims with contempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I can see in these notes that one of the other doctors on my team told you \u003cem>last time\u003c/em> that a lot of what you're experiencing is because of your \u003cem>weight\u003c/em> and lack of exercise,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you try to tell her the pain is really bad and you need help right now, she looks at her cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listen, Monica. Uh, Monique,” she says. “As the professional here, I can say, I really don't think you need anything other than to work on diet and exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11899065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MoniquePOV-e1639526962778.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A virtual reality program lets users experience racial bias as patient Monique Williams, a middle-aged Black woman. UCSF researchers hope virtual reality tools can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the VR narrator asks you how you feel, giving you a range of emoticons to choose from. The frustration, anger and embarrassment all are feelings behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor, 50, knows well from real life. She’s Black and has gone through the same experience as Monique at the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, I've gone in, I had some back pain and they will not prescribe pain meds because there’s a perception of drug-seeking behavior,” she said. “In those instances, I have felt that, ‘You don't believe me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black patients overall are 22% less likely to be prescribed pain medication than white patients, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239747/\">according to an analysis of 20 years of research\u003c/a>. These treatment disparities are often traced to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\">bias among physicians\u003c/a>, many of whom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain\">research shows\u003c/a>, falsely believe Black people feel less pain than white people. Such beliefs and behaviors are seen across medical fields and can contribute to fatal consequences. Black people are more likely to die from conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=19\">heart disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=18\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-deaths.html\">COVID\u003c/a> compared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality might play a part in reversing trends like these, testing the simulation to see whether it can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826872/all-you-want-is-to-be-believed-the-impacts-of-unconscious-bias-in-health-care\">unconscious bias\u003c/a> among doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using emotion to bypass intellectual defenses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/news/tapping-virtual-reality-help-drive-equity-healthcare\">CULTIVATE\u003c/a>, short for Combating Unequal Treatment in Health Care Through Virtual Awareness and Training in Empathy. Researchers hypothesize virtual reality can interrupt the kinds of interactions patients like Monique have and may even do a better job than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\">existing training modules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We're not telling you, 'You're bad.' We're saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Kelly Taylor, behavioral scientist and co-leader of UCSF's CULTIVATE project","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Unconscious bias training is super popular,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the many medical institutions that now ask their staff and students to complete some form of it. California law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB65\">now mandates unconscious bias training for all maternity care providers\u003c/a> in an attempt to address the disparities in the state’s maternal and infant mortality rates: Black women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889997/new-momnibus-bill-wants-to-help-more-black-moms-survive-childbirth\">three times as likely to die\u003c/a> from childbirth-related complications compared to the state average, and Black and Native American babies are twice as likely to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law doesn’t specify what training should be used. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687518/\">Research is mixed\u003c/a> on the many variations of unconscious bias training that have been developed, and, Taylor says, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265967/\">jury is still out\u003c/a> on how well it works or whether it works at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don't know much about dosing — how much it should take, how long we should do it to actually see a change in implicit bias,” she adds. “We do know that in some spaces, if it's not carefully thought through, it can actually do more harm than good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show white men in particular may \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened\">feel shamed or threatened by diversity training\u003c/a>. They argue back or shut down, Taylor says — conversation over. With virtual reality, Taylor’s team thinks they can sidestep some of the brain’s intellectual defenses and trigger an empathy response instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we're not telling you, 'You're bad,'\" Taylor said. “We're saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11899062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Scientist Kelly Taylor, a Black woman, uses a VR headset\" width=\"1108\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg 1108w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate unconscious bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Taylor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Can you teach empathy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is scientific debate around whether empathy is something that can be taught. Some social psychologists believe it's a fixed trait, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm\">rooted in genetics\u003c/a>, and what we’re born with is what we have for life. But others, including Taylor and her team, believe whatever our innate capacity for empathy is, we can learn to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality, in particular, can be an effective tool for cultivating empathy, with some calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://cas.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/casEWP/documents/MS%202019.pdf#page=132\">the empathy machine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204494\">A Stanford study\u003c/a> showed that people who lost their homes in virtual reality developed long-lasting compassion for unhoused people in real life and were more willing to sign a petition for affordable housing. More than 86% of participants in a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2020/12000/Cultivating_Empathy_Through_Virtual_Reality_.36.aspx\">Columbia study\u003c/a> said VR enhanced their empathy for people of color after they inhabited the experience of a Black man interacting with police and being ignored in a job interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can intellectually understand something, but when you evoke an emotion, it scientifically interacts with a different part of your brain. It codes in your memory in a different way. It triggers different physiologic processes,” said Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF and an investigator on the research team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing stories in the news, seeing movies about how other people live and traveling to different states or countries all are things that allow us to connect with others, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing people differently, understanding something differently than the way we saw something in the first place is where empathy comes from,” she said. “So I think it is learnable and teachable, and more importantly, it's encode-able: It becomes a part of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers caution that empathy is just one piece of what should be a comprehensive, ongoing approach to training health care providers about racism and bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change hearts and minds,” said Monique Jindal, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois Chicago, who believes individual bias training should be paired with education about the structural and systemic causes of racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She equates addressing unconscious bias with quitting smoking, which often involves multiple attempts and strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people need knowledge, some people need to be motivated, some people need to be scared by something,” she said. “There are a lot of things that go into someone being able to change the way that they are and the way that they've operated throughout the world their whole life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can building empathy lead to change in the doctor's office?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers acknowledge that their VR simulation is only a starting point. The study is in its early phases and still needs to be refined and fully tested before it can be scaled and, ultimately, given away for free to whatever institutions wish to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they want to see whether it sparks an empathy response, and whether that might lead to even small changes in how doctors interact with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened for one of the first white doctors who tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mike Reid placed the VR headset over his head and became Monique Williams, his breathing quickened almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in the body of a Black woman. I've got boobs and I feel different as I look at myself in the mirror,” said Reid, an infectious disease doctor at UCSF and co-principal investigator on the study, along with Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes in the virtual clinic, being ignored by the receptionist and failing to get the doctor to take his pain seriously, he’s visibly flustered. He looks like he just ran to catch a bus, but still missed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Viscerally, it was very uncomfortable,” he said. “I felt uncomfortable about the lack of eye contact and what felt like contempt or dismissiveness. I could feel my blood pressure rising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11899067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woman of color watches as white man uses VR headset in medical office\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nova Wilson, program coordinator for the UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, instructs Dr. Mike Reid on using virtual reality equipment at UCSF offices in San Francisco on Dec. 10, 2021. The VR program is intended to teach doctors to have more empathy for their patients of color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right away, Reid starts reflecting on how he’s made his patients of color feel this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm embarrassed to say that I think these kinds of things happen all the time,” he said. “I keep people waiting. I'm not fully attentive to their needs because I'm distracted by a million other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR simulation includes what researchers call a “repair vignette,” where Monique goes back to the clinic and this time is treated with respect and kindness. The doctor asks her if she prefers to be called 'Monique' or 'Ms. Williams.' She sits down across from her at eye level. She listens and collaborates with her on finding an immediate solution to her pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid says these are changes he can make to his practice right away. Before this, seeing a patient was all about his own time and all the things he had to do. Now, he’s thinking about his patients of color and how precious their time is. He believes these adjustments will save time overall, for him and his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they feel respected and validated, you are more likely to be a confidante and trusted provider to them,” he said, “and the engagement is more likely to be productive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a long road from building trust and rapport to having a definitive impact on a person’s health, let alone reversing the statistics on racial disparities in disease outcomes and death. A large, long-term study is needed to see whether there’s a causal relationship there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So essentially, does our VR reduce health disparities? It’s a huge question,” Kelly Taylor said. “We'd love to be able to say, 10, five years even from now, that yes, it does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, if doctors say they’re going to do their work differently because of VR, even on a small scale, Taylor says, “We’d be satisfied with that outcome for now.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11898973/can-virtual-reality-help-combat-racial-bias-in-health-care","authors":["3205"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_2114","news_30379","news_683","news_20109","news_30380","news_29981","news_19960","news_25944","news_922","news_28179","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_11898974","label":"news"},"news_11641698":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11641698","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11641698","score":null,"sort":[1516401818000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-virtual-reality-is-opening-up-some-of-the-worlds-most-inaccessible-archaeological-sites","title":"How Virtual Reality Is Opening Up Some of the World’s Most Inaccessible Archaeological Sites","publishDate":1516401818,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/brendan-cassidy-344280\">Brendan Cassidy\u003c/a> is a lecturer in computer science and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-robinson-427313\">David Robinson\u003c/a> is a reader in archeology at the University of Central Lancashire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We often associate virtual reality (VR) with thrilling experiences we may never be able to have in real life -- such as flying a jet fighter, exploring the oceans or going on a spacewalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers are also starting to use this technology to study and open up access to archaeological sites that are difficult to get to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An archaeological site can be inaccessible for a range of reasons. It might be in a remote location or on private property, the archaeological remains may be fragile, or it might just be difficult or dangerous to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over an hour’s drive north from Los Angeles is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlandsconservancy.org/preserve_windwolves.html\">Wind Wolves Preserve\u003c/a>. At nearly 100,000 acres, the preserve protects a wide range of endangered and threatened species in the heart of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also hosts two remote archaeological sites situated in the San Emigdio Hills: \u003ca href=\"http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/12308/1/Robinson%20et%20al_In%20Press_DAACH-D-14-00017R1_Green%20Version.pdf\">Pleito\u003c/a>, one of the most elaborately painted rock-art sites in the world, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.uclan.ac.uk/about_us/case_studies/cache-cave.php\">Cache Cave\u003c/a>, with one of the most significant in-situ collections of perishable objects, including baskets, ever discovered in the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oldest of the rock paintings and baskets appear to be over 2,000 years old. However, exploring it is problematic. The paintings at Pleito -- found on exfoliating sandstone -- are extremely fragile. Meanwhile, the Cache Cave is a complex, narrow cave system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643093\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Creating a virtual reality prototype of the Cache cave. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Creating a virtual reality prototype of the Cache Cave. \u003ccite>(Devlin Gandy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yet these sites are of great cultural importance to local Native Americans, especially the Tejon Indian Tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hands of some of their ancestors painted the rock art, while other highly skilled basket makers worked for hours on making some of the world’s finest basketry. Until recently, the majority of the Tejon tribespeople were unable to visit the Pleito cave site due to its inaccessibility and fragility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, our team of researchers from the University of Central Lancashire in the United Kingdom has created a VR model of the sites. We did it by taking images with a digital camera and performing laser scanning of the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using “reality capture” techniques like photogrammetry -- which helps make measurements from photographs -- we could then develop a VR prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tested the prototype at the offices of the Wind Wolves Preserve and the Tejon tribe, respectively, in the summer of 2017. The response was profound, with younger tribal members responding particularly well in an environment similar to “gaming.\" Equally, the simulation proved effective for use by the elder members of the tribe, some of whom have mobility issues visiting the preserve and its rugged terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also tested the software at the actual site of Pleito with the Tejon Indians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJRHUcC0xa8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two tribal members who could not make the climb to the cave instead used the VR headset on flat ground nearby. This allowed them to experience the environment and to “be” in the landscape while still exploring the paintings. This, as far as we are aware, was the first time Native Americans have used VR in the field to reconnect with their own past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research provides an innovative platform for tribal members to engage with sites and practices no longer in living memory as a form of cultural restoration. Importantly, it also provides an effective way to engage young tribal members within ancestral spaces and practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as opening access to remote archaeological sites, we are now able to construct what we term an “enhanced reality” experience. Cutting-edge archaeological image processing techniques such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.dstretch.com/\">DStretch\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://culturalheritageimaging.org/Technologies/RTI/\">Reflective Transformation Imaging\u003c/a> can be used to overlay digitally enhanced textures directly over the cave geometry. This allows people to view details of the site that are difficult to see with the naked eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643098\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-800x339.jpg\" alt=\"DStretch textures help reveal hidden detail in the cave artwork.\" width=\"800\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-800x339.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-160x68.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-1020x432.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-1180x500.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-960x407.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-240x102.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-375x159.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-520x220.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DStretch textures help reveal hidden detail in the cave artwork. \u003ccite>(Courtesy photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, research investigating pigment recipes used within the different layers of painting on the site helped us to display the separation of the layers on the cave. It also enabled us to show the site as it would have looked through different points in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This really shows how VR simulations of archaeological sites can offer unique ways to experience, engage and explore scientific data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research Opportunities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As a visualization tool, new opportunities are now arising to use immersive technologies like VR to conduct research. Innovative work at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.allosphere.ucsb.edu/\">Allosphere\u003c/a> -- a facility at the University of California, Santa Barbara, which helps make visual representations of data -- has enabled researchers to analyze multiple data sets in ways not previously possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our work in California, we are investigating how to use VR to help field research by using immersive reconstructions of previous seasons' excavations to aid in new ones as we dig deeper within the cave deposits. That way, we can actually see previous layers that we have removed and better contextualize the new layers we are exposing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology can also be of great use in teaching. We are sharing the models of the Californian sites with our archaeology and anthropology students, offering unique and novel opportunity to explore the rock art, handle and inspect the baskets, and even use native technologies such as the bow and arrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VR technologies are starting to open up remote access to other sites around the world, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the British Museum's \u003ca href=\"http://africanrockart.britishmuseum.org/#/article/rockartvr\">documentation of African rock art sites,\u003c/a> to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scanpyramids.org/\">Scan Pyramids Project\u003c/a> opening access to the iconic monuments of Giza, to an immersive interaction with Nikola Tesla and his \u003ca href=\"http://www.nikolateslaexperience.com/\">laboratory\u003c/a>, the application of immersive technologies is proliferating across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most creative of these projects include scientific information to make them more than simple replications -- enhanced learning environments where scientific knowledge can inform the public about the past. Excitingly, this offers entirely new ways to learn from old sites, without damaging them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In California, researchers are using VR to study and provide access for Native Americans to remote, delicate and hugely important cultural sites.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1516413316,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1008},"headData":{"title":"How Virtual Reality Is Opening Up Some of the World’s Most Inaccessible Archaeological Sites | KQED","description":"In California, researchers are using VR to study and provide access for Native Americans to remote, delicate and hugely important cultural sites.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11641698 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11641698","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/19/how-virtual-reality-is-opening-up-some-of-the-worlds-most-inaccessible-archaeological-sites/","disqusTitle":"How Virtual Reality Is Opening Up Some of the World’s Most Inaccessible Archaeological Sites","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Brendan Cassidy and David Robinson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />for \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>","path":"/news/11641698/how-virtual-reality-is-opening-up-some-of-the-worlds-most-inaccessible-archaeological-sites","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/brendan-cassidy-344280\">Brendan Cassidy\u003c/a> is a lecturer in computer science and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-robinson-427313\">David Robinson\u003c/a> is a reader in archeology at the University of Central Lancashire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We often associate virtual reality (VR) with thrilling experiences we may never be able to have in real life -- such as flying a jet fighter, exploring the oceans or going on a spacewalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers are also starting to use this technology to study and open up access to archaeological sites that are difficult to get to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An archaeological site can be inaccessible for a range of reasons. It might be in a remote location or on private property, the archaeological remains may be fragile, or it might just be difficult or dangerous to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over an hour’s drive north from Los Angeles is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildlandsconservancy.org/preserve_windwolves.html\">Wind Wolves Preserve\u003c/a>. At nearly 100,000 acres, the preserve protects a wide range of endangered and threatened species in the heart of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also hosts two remote archaeological sites situated in the San Emigdio Hills: \u003ca href=\"http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/12308/1/Robinson%20et%20al_In%20Press_DAACH-D-14-00017R1_Green%20Version.pdf\">Pleito\u003c/a>, one of the most elaborately painted rock-art sites in the world, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.uclan.ac.uk/about_us/case_studies/cache-cave.php\">Cache Cave\u003c/a>, with one of the most significant in-situ collections of perishable objects, including baskets, ever discovered in the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oldest of the rock paintings and baskets appear to be over 2,000 years old. However, exploring it is problematic. The paintings at Pleito -- found on exfoliating sandstone -- are extremely fragile. Meanwhile, the Cache Cave is a complex, narrow cave system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643093\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Creating a virtual reality prototype of the Cache cave. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/VRPrototypeCave-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Creating a virtual reality prototype of the Cache Cave. \u003ccite>(Devlin Gandy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yet these sites are of great cultural importance to local Native Americans, especially the Tejon Indian Tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hands of some of their ancestors painted the rock art, while other highly skilled basket makers worked for hours on making some of the world’s finest basketry. Until recently, the majority of the Tejon tribespeople were unable to visit the Pleito cave site due to its inaccessibility and fragility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, our team of researchers from the University of Central Lancashire in the United Kingdom has created a VR model of the sites. We did it by taking images with a digital camera and performing laser scanning of the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using “reality capture” techniques like photogrammetry -- which helps make measurements from photographs -- we could then develop a VR prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tested the prototype at the offices of the Wind Wolves Preserve and the Tejon tribe, respectively, in the summer of 2017. The response was profound, with younger tribal members responding particularly well in an environment similar to “gaming.\" Equally, the simulation proved effective for use by the elder members of the tribe, some of whom have mobility issues visiting the preserve and its rugged terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also tested the software at the actual site of Pleito with the Tejon Indians.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PJRHUcC0xa8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PJRHUcC0xa8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Two tribal members who could not make the climb to the cave instead used the VR headset on flat ground nearby. This allowed them to experience the environment and to “be” in the landscape while still exploring the paintings. This, as far as we are aware, was the first time Native Americans have used VR in the field to reconnect with their own past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research provides an innovative platform for tribal members to engage with sites and practices no longer in living memory as a form of cultural restoration. Importantly, it also provides an effective way to engage young tribal members within ancestral spaces and practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As well as opening access to remote archaeological sites, we are now able to construct what we term an “enhanced reality” experience. Cutting-edge archaeological image processing techniques such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.dstretch.com/\">DStretch\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://culturalheritageimaging.org/Technologies/RTI/\">Reflective Transformation Imaging\u003c/a> can be used to overlay digitally enhanced textures directly over the cave geometry. This allows people to view details of the site that are difficult to see with the naked eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643098\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-800x339.jpg\" alt=\"DStretch textures help reveal hidden detail in the cave artwork.\" width=\"800\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-800x339.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-160x68.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-1020x432.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-1180x500.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-960x407.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-240x102.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-375x159.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Dstretch-520x220.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">DStretch textures help reveal hidden detail in the cave artwork. \u003ccite>(Courtesy photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, research investigating pigment recipes used within the different layers of painting on the site helped us to display the separation of the layers on the cave. It also enabled us to show the site as it would have looked through different points in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This really shows how VR simulations of archaeological sites can offer unique ways to experience, engage and explore scientific data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research Opportunities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As a visualization tool, new opportunities are now arising to use immersive technologies like VR to conduct research. Innovative work at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.allosphere.ucsb.edu/\">Allosphere\u003c/a> -- a facility at the University of California, Santa Barbara, which helps make visual representations of data -- has enabled researchers to analyze multiple data sets in ways not previously possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our work in California, we are investigating how to use VR to help field research by using immersive reconstructions of previous seasons' excavations to aid in new ones as we dig deeper within the cave deposits. That way, we can actually see previous layers that we have removed and better contextualize the new layers we are exposing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology can also be of great use in teaching. We are sharing the models of the Californian sites with our archaeology and anthropology students, offering unique and novel opportunity to explore the rock art, handle and inspect the baskets, and even use native technologies such as the bow and arrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VR technologies are starting to open up remote access to other sites around the world, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the British Museum's \u003ca href=\"http://africanrockart.britishmuseum.org/#/article/rockartvr\">documentation of African rock art sites,\u003c/a> to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scanpyramids.org/\">Scan Pyramids Project\u003c/a> opening access to the iconic monuments of Giza, to an immersive interaction with Nikola Tesla and his \u003ca href=\"http://www.nikolateslaexperience.com/\">laboratory\u003c/a>, the application of immersive technologies is proliferating across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most creative of these projects include scientific information to make them more than simple replications -- enhanced learning environments where scientific knowledge can inform the public about the past. Excitingly, this offers entirely new ways to learn from old sites, without damaging them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11641698/how-virtual-reality-is-opening-up-some-of-the-worlds-most-inaccessible-archaeological-sites","authors":["byline_news_11641698"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_20862","news_160","news_1262","news_17286","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_11643090","label":"news_72"},"news_11640619":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11640619","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11640619","score":null,"sort":[1515866447000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-the-beauty-of-vr-and-music","title":"Virtual Reality's Founding Father on the Beauty of VR and Music","publishDate":1515866447,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Jaron Lanier is known as the founding father of virtual reality. In his new book, \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/01/03/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-silicon-valley-early-inspirations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dawn of the New Everything: Encounters with Reality and Virtual Reality\u003c/a>,\" he recounts his own early life, along with the early lives of Silicon Valley and virtual reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR isn't the only thing in Lanier's life. He's also a passionate music fan and musician who can play \"really a lot\" of instruments. He recently sat down to talk about why we should still care about virtual reality and why it's a sin to rank pieces of music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"r7wDKvqXnrpgKJM9Y421KLMAUsrm9EiN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Describe your book in 10 words or fewer.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well I'm not counting, and saying I'm not counting can't count for the word count. But given that, it explores my autobiography up until 1992. So it's a nostalgic look at early Silicon Valley. It introduces virtual reality technology one sense organ at a time and it does those things together so it's kind of unfolding the human sensorium at the same time that it tries to explore one's own character and memory and also the unfolding of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a kind of a quick book that's easy to summarize. It's more like this mansion or maze for you to explore. And I know the fashion these days is for little things that are easy to read. It's not like that. This is a book to really get into. It will take some effort to read, and I certainly hope that you'll be rewarded if you put in the effort to explore it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not hard like a text book. It's hard like a fantasy novel. Like if you're into \"Infinite Jest\" or a Pynchon book, you might like it. It's a little closer to that sort of book perhaps. [12.4]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why should we still be reading about virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality is in some ways the ultimate digital technology. It pushes it as far as it can go to synthesize reality. So if you understand virtual reality, you can then understand other kinds of digital technology more easily. Virtual reality is potentially both the creepiest and the most beautiful form of digital technology. I think it's easily the most fun form of digital technology. I certainly have had more fun with it than anything else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't think you can create a wonderful world without creating a beautiful world. And if the world is going to be partially digital, we have to find digital beauty, and virtual reality is probably the most beautiful thing we can do with computers. So for all of those reasons I think you need to understand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's the coolest thing you've experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The most interesting thing to do in virtual reality is to change your own body. It turns out rather by surprise that you can turn into different creatures or all kinds of things in virtual reality. You can learn to occupy a body that's very different from the mammalian plan, and you can still operate it. And when you change your body, you change the way you perceive the world in really interesting ways. You can also have social experiences in virtual reality that are rather radical and interesting like sharing bodies with other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's the creepiest thing you've experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A colleague of mine named Jeremy Bailenson at Stanford can play with your avatar and make you more or less racist and you don't even realize it's happened. He can change the outcome of a negotiation or who you vote for in a simulation and all kinds of things like that. So it's potentially very creepy, and you might say well shouldn't we outlaw it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I think the solution is for people to become literate in things like this so they can tell that they're being manipulated, so they understand it. I think what we need is a new form of informed populace right now. The way to enjoy the technology is not to trust it. And there's no contradiction in that. We have to learn to be skeptical technology users, and that'll make good technology users and that'll effectively make the technology better. So I want people to become literate in things like for virtual reality so they aren't fooled by it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What do you like to do on the weekends?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I have an 11-year-old-daughter which is the best thing in the world. So I love doing things with her. And like I'm probably three seconds away from her being less interested in that. I love just grabbing whatever moments I have. I love playing music. I love playing music with friends around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are your favorite music venues?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I like little places. To me there's something about playing in a small venue to a small audience that's almost sacred. I'm not trying to be a musical star at all. I just love this sort of magic that happens when a little musical event works. I also just think the people who are willing to devote themselves to making these venues work are like saints. In Berkeley where I live we have \u003ca href=\"https://backroommusic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Back Room\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefreight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freight & Salvage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ashkenaz.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashkenaz\u003c/a> and many others. We have these amazing smaller venues and they are so precious. The Internet killed a lot of our bookstores and other things, but so far the venues are somehow surviving, and I hope they'll continue to.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does your love of music influence your work in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For me, musical instruments are not only the best user interfaces that have ever existed, they might be the only good ones that have ever existed for controlling a complicated system. So I just can't imagine being interested in the future of computation without being fascinated with musical instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's the most inspirational piece of music for you?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's so much music that's so inspirational that I feel like it's almost a sin try to rank them. I don't think you can apply quantitative thinking to the most important things. That's the wrong way to think about music. Music is not objectively measurable like that. It's not a popularity contest, and there's not a ranking thing that can ever tell you about the meaning of music. You have to experience it in the moment, and it'll always change for you what things are important.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Jaron Lanier talks about why it's important for people to understand virtual reality and why it's a sin to rank music.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515883865,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1120},"headData":{"title":"Virtual Reality's Founding Father on the Beauty of VR and Music | KQED","description":"Jaron Lanier talks about why it's important for people to understand virtual reality and why it's a sin to rank music.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11640619 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11640619","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/13/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-the-beauty-of-vr-and-music/","disqusTitle":"Virtual Reality's Founding Father on the Beauty of VR and Music","audioUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Lanier-interview.mp3","path":"/news/11640619/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-the-beauty-of-vr-and-music","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jaron Lanier is known as the founding father of virtual reality. In his new book, \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/01/03/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-silicon-valley-early-inspirations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dawn of the New Everything: Encounters with Reality and Virtual Reality\u003c/a>,\" he recounts his own early life, along with the early lives of Silicon Valley and virtual reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR isn't the only thing in Lanier's life. He's also a passionate music fan and musician who can play \"really a lot\" of instruments. He recently sat down to talk about why we should still care about virtual reality and why it's a sin to rank pieces of music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Describe your book in 10 words or fewer.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well I'm not counting, and saying I'm not counting can't count for the word count. But given that, it explores my autobiography up until 1992. So it's a nostalgic look at early Silicon Valley. It introduces virtual reality technology one sense organ at a time and it does those things together so it's kind of unfolding the human sensorium at the same time that it tries to explore one's own character and memory and also the unfolding of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a kind of a quick book that's easy to summarize. It's more like this mansion or maze for you to explore. And I know the fashion these days is for little things that are easy to read. It's not like that. This is a book to really get into. It will take some effort to read, and I certainly hope that you'll be rewarded if you put in the effort to explore it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not hard like a text book. It's hard like a fantasy novel. Like if you're into \"Infinite Jest\" or a Pynchon book, you might like it. It's a little closer to that sort of book perhaps. [12.4]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why should we still be reading about virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality is in some ways the ultimate digital technology. It pushes it as far as it can go to synthesize reality. So if you understand virtual reality, you can then understand other kinds of digital technology more easily. Virtual reality is potentially both the creepiest and the most beautiful form of digital technology. I think it's easily the most fun form of digital technology. I certainly have had more fun with it than anything else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't think you can create a wonderful world without creating a beautiful world. And if the world is going to be partially digital, we have to find digital beauty, and virtual reality is probably the most beautiful thing we can do with computers. So for all of those reasons I think you need to understand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's the coolest thing you've experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The most interesting thing to do in virtual reality is to change your own body. It turns out rather by surprise that you can turn into different creatures or all kinds of things in virtual reality. You can learn to occupy a body that's very different from the mammalian plan, and you can still operate it. And when you change your body, you change the way you perceive the world in really interesting ways. You can also have social experiences in virtual reality that are rather radical and interesting like sharing bodies with other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's the creepiest thing you've experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A colleague of mine named Jeremy Bailenson at Stanford can play with your avatar and make you more or less racist and you don't even realize it's happened. He can change the outcome of a negotiation or who you vote for in a simulation and all kinds of things like that. So it's potentially very creepy, and you might say well shouldn't we outlaw it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I think the solution is for people to become literate in things like this so they can tell that they're being manipulated, so they understand it. I think what we need is a new form of informed populace right now. The way to enjoy the technology is not to trust it. And there's no contradiction in that. We have to learn to be skeptical technology users, and that'll make good technology users and that'll effectively make the technology better. So I want people to become literate in things like for virtual reality so they aren't fooled by it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What do you like to do on the weekends?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I have an 11-year-old-daughter which is the best thing in the world. So I love doing things with her. And like I'm probably three seconds away from her being less interested in that. I love just grabbing whatever moments I have. I love playing music. I love playing music with friends around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are your favorite music venues?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I like little places. To me there's something about playing in a small venue to a small audience that's almost sacred. I'm not trying to be a musical star at all. I just love this sort of magic that happens when a little musical event works. I also just think the people who are willing to devote themselves to making these venues work are like saints. In Berkeley where I live we have \u003ca href=\"https://backroommusic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Back Room\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefreight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freight & Salvage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ashkenaz.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashkenaz\u003c/a> and many others. We have these amazing smaller venues and they are so precious. The Internet killed a lot of our bookstores and other things, but so far the venues are somehow surviving, and I hope they'll continue to.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does your love of music influence your work in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For me, musical instruments are not only the best user interfaces that have ever existed, they might be the only good ones that have ever existed for controlling a complicated system. So I just can't imagine being interested in the future of computation without being fascinated with musical instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's the most inspirational piece of music for you?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's so much music that's so inspirational that I feel like it's almost a sin try to rank them. I don't think you can apply quantitative thinking to the most important things. That's the wrong way to think about music. Music is not objectively measurable like that. It's not a popularity contest, and there's not a ranking thing that can ever tell you about the meaning of music. You have to experience it in the moment, and it'll always change for you what things are important.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11640619/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-the-beauty-of-vr-and-music","authors":["11260"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_18880","news_5942","news_353","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_11640626","label":"news_72"},"news_11611079":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11611079","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11611079","score":null,"sort":[1502955045000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"virtual-reality-unlocks-new-tools-for-facing-your-worst-fears","title":"Virtual Reality Unlocks New Tools for Facing Your Worst Fears","publishDate":1502955045,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Imagine you’re terrified of dogs. The anxiety has gotten so bad you can’t even enter your best friend’s apartment for fear of his pet chihuahua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine being stranded alone in a forest with a pack of wild canines charging you from all directions. You're paralyzed by fear -- only it's not real. It just feels that way, because of a virtual reality headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A therapist walks you through the scenario. After some counseling, the idea of facing your friend’s lapdog may begin to seem more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New software and the rise of low-cost portable headsets have enabled therapists to start treating phobias and other anxiety-based disorders using virtual reality exposure therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here at the doorstep of a virtual reality revolution in health care,” said Sean Sullivan, a San Francisco-based psychologist. \"Therapists are leading the way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan \u003ca href=\"https://blog.limbix.com/vr-is-enriching-my-therapy-practice-e907bdb57d03\">uses VR in his private practice\u003c/a>, and helped develop the software for \u003ca href=\"https://www.limbix.com/vr\">Limbix\u003c/a>, a Silicon Valley startup, where he is the director of psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By stepping patients through a series of immersive experiences that gradually exposes them to their phobias -- be it snakes or public speaking -- they can learn to overcome their fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11612529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11612529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1180x724.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-960x589.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the case of dogs, Sullivan says the first step could be walking into a house where a dog lives, but is locked up outside. For many patients, just spending enough time in the virtual environment causes the physiological signs of stress to dissipate. Once they get comfortable in one scenario, they move on to the next challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of guided exposure also allows therapists to help patients work through the root cause of their fear or anxiety, which is often the memory of a traumatic experience that has spread to everyday situations that pose little objective threat. Over time, exposure therapy can change both the emotional and psychological responses to anxiety-inducing triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the principles of exposure therapy have been around for decades, virtual reality offers unprecedented accessibility. Before VR, a therapist might have to go with a patient on a plane, for example, to help them face a fear of flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me as a therapist, it’s incredible that now with a four-inch headset that’s comfortable, you can deliver incredible treatments,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"y2701HqhGJOSEPhIcGeKM7bihSW94NpV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May 2017 article in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.e-mence.org/sites/default/files/domain-39/Maples-Keller%20Use%20VR%20in%20disorders%202017.pdf\">Harvard Review of Psychiatry\u003c/a> shows 20 years of research supporting the use of exposure-based VR interventions for anxiety disorders. A meta-analysis of existing studies showed that results were long-lasting and translated to real world situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application of VR-based therapy extends beyond the treatment of phobias to interventions for generalized anxiety, substance abuse and acute pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Sullivan, the power of Limbix’s tools is how present patients feel in the environments, which the company films with 360-degree video cameras. It can also pull any 360-degree video from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzuqhhs6NWbgTzMuM09WKDQ\">YouTube\u003c/a> or tap into Google Maps’ street view feature to transport patients to any number of places, including a busy intersection or childhood home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first scene, an intersection, could be used to help a patient process a car wreck. And the latter scenario, Sullivan says, could allow therapists to help patients work through early-life trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the unexpected benefits Sullivan has seen from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/technology/virtual-reality-limbix-mental-health.html?_r=1\">increasing public awareness\u003c/a> about VR-based therapies, is that more people are reaching out for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think it’s only about depression or anxiety,” Sullivan said. “But there’s really a whole range of challenges that people face in great numbers, and they’re struggling with it alone, not knowing that there’s help out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New software and the rise of low-cost headsets have enabled therapists to start treating phobias and other anxiety-based disorders with VR.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1502934017,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":650},"headData":{"title":"Virtual Reality Unlocks New Tools for Facing Your Worst Fears | KQED","description":"New software and the rise of low-cost headsets have enabled therapists to start treating phobias and other anxiety-based disorders with VR.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11611079 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11611079","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/17/virtual-reality-unlocks-new-tools-for-facing-your-worst-fears/","disqusTitle":"Virtual Reality Unlocks New Tools for Facing Your Worst Fears","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/170809ftcr.mp3","guestFields":"0","path":"/news/11611079/virtual-reality-unlocks-new-tools-for-facing-your-worst-fears","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Imagine you’re terrified of dogs. The anxiety has gotten so bad you can’t even enter your best friend’s apartment for fear of his pet chihuahua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine being stranded alone in a forest with a pack of wild canines charging you from all directions. You're paralyzed by fear -- only it's not real. It just feels that way, because of a virtual reality headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A therapist walks you through the scenario. After some counseling, the idea of facing your friend’s lapdog may begin to seem more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New software and the rise of low-cost portable headsets have enabled therapists to start treating phobias and other anxiety-based disorders using virtual reality exposure therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here at the doorstep of a virtual reality revolution in health care,” said Sean Sullivan, a San Francisco-based psychologist. \"Therapists are leading the way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan \u003ca href=\"https://blog.limbix.com/vr-is-enriching-my-therapy-practice-e907bdb57d03\">uses VR in his private practice\u003c/a>, and helped develop the software for \u003ca href=\"https://www.limbix.com/vr\">Limbix\u003c/a>, a Silicon Valley startup, where he is the director of psychology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By stepping patients through a series of immersive experiences that gradually exposes them to their phobias -- be it snakes or public speaking -- they can learn to overcome their fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11612529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11612529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-1180x724.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-960x589.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/SeanSullivan-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Psychologist Sean Sullivan uses VR in his private practice and helped develop the software for Limbix. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the case of dogs, Sullivan says the first step could be walking into a house where a dog lives, but is locked up outside. For many patients, just spending enough time in the virtual environment causes the physiological signs of stress to dissipate. Once they get comfortable in one scenario, they move on to the next challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of guided exposure also allows therapists to help patients work through the root cause of their fear or anxiety, which is often the memory of a traumatic experience that has spread to everyday situations that pose little objective threat. Over time, exposure therapy can change both the emotional and psychological responses to anxiety-inducing triggers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the principles of exposure therapy have been around for decades, virtual reality offers unprecedented accessibility. Before VR, a therapist might have to go with a patient on a plane, for example, to help them face a fear of flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me as a therapist, it’s incredible that now with a four-inch headset that’s comfortable, you can deliver incredible treatments,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May 2017 article in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.e-mence.org/sites/default/files/domain-39/Maples-Keller%20Use%20VR%20in%20disorders%202017.pdf\">Harvard Review of Psychiatry\u003c/a> shows 20 years of research supporting the use of exposure-based VR interventions for anxiety disorders. A meta-analysis of existing studies showed that results were long-lasting and translated to real world situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application of VR-based therapy extends beyond the treatment of phobias to interventions for generalized anxiety, substance abuse and acute pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Sullivan, the power of Limbix’s tools is how present patients feel in the environments, which the company films with 360-degree video cameras. It can also pull any 360-degree video from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzuqhhs6NWbgTzMuM09WKDQ\">YouTube\u003c/a> or tap into Google Maps’ street view feature to transport patients to any number of places, including a busy intersection or childhood home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first scene, an intersection, could be used to help a patient process a car wreck. And the latter scenario, Sullivan says, could allow therapists to help patients work through early-life trauma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the unexpected benefits Sullivan has seen from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/technology/virtual-reality-limbix-mental-health.html?_r=1\">increasing public awareness\u003c/a> about VR-based therapies, is that more people are reaching out for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think it’s only about depression or anxiety,” Sullivan said. “But there’s really a whole range of challenges that people face in great numbers, and they’re struggling with it alone, not knowing that there’s help out there.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11611079/virtual-reality-unlocks-new-tools-for-facing-your-worst-fears","authors":["11368"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_2109","news_21423","news_17286","news_20782","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_11612525","label":"news_72"},"news_11610230":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11610230","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11610230","score":null,"sort":[1502221891000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-vr-exhibit-lets-viewers-experience-mexican-migrants-harrowing-journey","title":"New VR Exhibit Lets Viewers Experience Mexican Migrants' Harrowing Journey","publishDate":1502221891,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Mexican director \u003ca href=\"http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alejandro Iñárritu's\u003c/a> 2006 film \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzrHrTVaqJs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Babel\u003c/a>\" includes as one of its interweaving narratives the story of an undocumented immigrant, a nanny searching the desert for two lost children under her care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest mixed media project,\u003ca href=\"http://www.lacma.org/carne-y-arena#landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>\"Carne y Arena,\"\u003c/em>\u003c/a> or \"Flesh and Sand,\" at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.lacma.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Los Angeles County Museum of Art\u003c/a>, builds on the theme of immigration and cross-border tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interactive, virtual reality experience plunges the viewer quite literally into the footsteps of migrants on their desert journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carne y Arena\" unfolds across three spaces. In the first, viewers are ushered alone into a frigid holding cell and instructed to remove their socks and shoes. You might wait shivering by yourself for 15 minutes or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/20170807btcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/carne-ENTER-800x616.jpg\" Title=\"New VR Exhibit Lets Viewers Experience Mexican Migrants' Harrowing Journey\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cement floor is littered with plastic water jugs and piles of footwear: dirty cowboy boots, sun-warped high tops, plastic baby sandals. All collected along a busy migrant corridor in the Arizona desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it felt like a (real) detention center actually,” says reporter Sergio Burstein from the Spanish-language newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.hoylosangeles.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hoy Los Angeles. \u003c/a>who ventured through the exhibit right after me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, it’s a very uncomfortable situation for someone who is detained,” says Burstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A loud buzzer breaks the spell, signaling me to move to the next space. The icy floor beneath my bare feet gives way to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m alone in a large dark room, except for two technicians. They help me attach virtual reality goggles and headphones, and assure me it’s safe to walk in any direction. They’ll tug me back if I get too close to a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seconds the room disappears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m surrounded on all sides by an immense desert, whichever way I turn my head. If I walk toward some desert scrub, it gets closer, just as it would in real time. It shimmers in the predawn darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I look up and a ribbon of morning light slowly spreads over a mountain range. Then I hear voices coming closer, and hurried footsteps thudding across the sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610244\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11610244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-800x415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-800x415.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-160x83.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-1020x530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-1180x613.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-960x499.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-240x125.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-375x195.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-520x270.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neil Kellerhouse's 'Carne y Arena' exhibit design \u003ccite>(Neil Kellerhouse)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A group of breathless immigrants stumbles out and spreads around me across the sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman shushes a sobbing child. I turn around and see a mother cradling the child in her lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of nowhere it seems an SUV appears and screeches to a halt just feet from us. Whether I like it or not, I am now with this group of migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s dust, shouting, people running. Guns are drawn. A helicopter roars overhead and shoots down a blinding spotlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A border agent shouts in my direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get down on the ground now!” he yells, his eyes fixed on me. I spot his rifle’s muzzle in the flashlight glare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I started walking toward him like I wanted to punch him in the face,” says Burstein of his own experience. “That was crazy because it felt like a real thing, that was scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This exhibit is Iñárritu's first major venture in the virtual reality plain, a project he worked on over a period of four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11610247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-800x555.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-1180x819.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-960x666.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-240x167.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-375x260.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-520x361.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro G. Iñárritu directs a baker from El Salvador named Yoni, who is dressed in a motion-capture suit and re-creates a harrowing moment on his journey. \u003ccite>(Chachi Ramirez.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think that virtual reality allows the people to experience at least a fragment of a real event that happened to some person, for them to understand, deeper, a reality,” Iñárritu said during an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpFFr8swBgE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview sponsored by the Cannes Film Festival\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The definition of cinema is: a reality that is composed within a frame. Virtual reality does not have a frame, so the limits dissolve. And it’s something you don't see only, but (that) you experience, too,\" Iñárritu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not able to speak to Iñárritu for this story, nor have reporters for most other media outlets. Media, and the general public, are also prohibited from recording or photographing any aspect of the exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There is no human being who as a result of desiring to build a better life should be declared illegal or considered disposable.'\u003ccite>Alejandro Iñárritu\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The artist and the museum are trying to strike a delicate balance. There’s a concerted effort to keep exposure to a minimum so as to avoid spoilers and preserve the exhibit’s integrity, while making sure the message of the project reaches a large audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no fixed end date for Alejandro Iñárritu's \"Carne y Arena\" exhibit, though tickets are sold out through early September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carne y Arena’s\" reality may be “virtual” but it does make the often abstract issue of immigration feel all too real, says Santa Monica-based filmmaker \u003ca href=\"http://www.rpscinema.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ric Perez-Selsky\u003c/a>. He’s been exploring the virtual reality realm in his own work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was young men, there was old men, children. This (exhibit) really put a face on these people -- and it was the face of everyone across humanity,” says Perez-Selsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they move through the reality warp of the virtual experience, visitors get back into their shoes and slip into a dark space where they can regain their senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610254\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11610254\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of Neil Kellerhouse's 'heart map' graphic for 'Carne y Arena.' \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The walls are lined with portholes. Peer inside and a face blinks back at you. These are video portraits of immigrants whose real-life cross-border experiences informed details of the virtual reality segment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say nothing in the videos, just keep their gaze fixed in front. Text is superimposed over their impassive expressions. As you read their stories you’ve no choice but to look them in the eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no human being who as a result of desiring to build a better life should be declared illegal or considered disposable,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_olS-gAp0UI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alejandro Iñárritu while speaking \u003c/a>to an audience at LACMA's 2015 Art + Film Gala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather propose to call these people undocumented dreamers, as were most of the people who founded this country,” says Iñárritu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By naming them that, we can start a real human conversation with the most precious emotion a human being can have: compassion.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Mexican filmmaker Alejandro Iñárritu's new exhibition at LACMA plunges you into the footsteps of migrants, from desert journey to ICE detention.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1502234858,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1155},"headData":{"title":"New VR Exhibit Lets Viewers Experience Mexican Migrants' Harrowing Journey | KQED","description":"Mexican filmmaker Alejandro Iñárritu's new exhibition at LACMA plunges you into the footsteps of migrants, from desert journey to ICE detention.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11610230 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11610230","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/new-vr-exhibit-lets-viewers-experience-mexican-migrants-harrowing-journey/","disqusTitle":"New VR Exhibit Lets Viewers Experience Mexican Migrants' Harrowing Journey","path":"/news/11610230/new-vr-exhibit-lets-viewers-experience-mexican-migrants-harrowing-journey","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mexican director \u003ca href=\"http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alejandro Iñárritu's\u003c/a> 2006 film \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzrHrTVaqJs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Babel\u003c/a>\" includes as one of its interweaving narratives the story of an undocumented immigrant, a nanny searching the desert for two lost children under her care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest mixed media project,\u003ca href=\"http://www.lacma.org/carne-y-arena#landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>\"Carne y Arena,\"\u003c/em>\u003c/a> or \"Flesh and Sand,\" at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.lacma.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Los Angeles County Museum of Art\u003c/a>, builds on the theme of immigration and cross-border tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interactive, virtual reality experience plunges the viewer quite literally into the footsteps of migrants on their desert journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carne y Arena\" unfolds across three spaces. In the first, viewers are ushered alone into a frigid holding cell and instructed to remove their socks and shoes. You might wait shivering by yourself for 15 minutes or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/20170807btcr.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/carne-ENTER-800x616.jpg","title":"New VR Exhibit Lets Viewers Experience Mexican Migrants' Harrowing Journey","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cement floor is littered with plastic water jugs and piles of footwear: dirty cowboy boots, sun-warped high tops, plastic baby sandals. All collected along a busy migrant corridor in the Arizona desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it felt like a (real) detention center actually,” says reporter Sergio Burstein from the Spanish-language newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.hoylosangeles.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hoy Los Angeles. \u003c/a>who ventured through the exhibit right after me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, it’s a very uncomfortable situation for someone who is detained,” says Burstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A loud buzzer breaks the spell, signaling me to move to the next space. The icy floor beneath my bare feet gives way to sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m alone in a large dark room, except for two technicians. They help me attach virtual reality goggles and headphones, and assure me it’s safe to walk in any direction. They’ll tug me back if I get too close to a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seconds the room disappears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m surrounded on all sides by an immense desert, whichever way I turn my head. If I walk toward some desert scrub, it gets closer, just as it would in real time. It shimmers in the predawn darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I look up and a ribbon of morning light slowly spreads over a mountain range. Then I hear voices coming closer, and hurried footsteps thudding across the sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610244\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11610244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-800x415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-800x415.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-160x83.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-1020x530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-1180x613.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-960x499.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-240x125.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-375x195.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-y-heart-desert-520x270.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neil Kellerhouse's 'Carne y Arena' exhibit design \u003ccite>(Neil Kellerhouse)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A group of breathless immigrants stumbles out and spreads around me across the sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman shushes a sobbing child. I turn around and see a mother cradling the child in her lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of nowhere it seems an SUV appears and screeches to a halt just feet from us. Whether I like it or not, I am now with this group of migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s dust, shouting, people running. Guns are drawn. A helicopter roars overhead and shoots down a blinding spotlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A border agent shouts in my direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get down on the ground now!” he yells, his eyes fixed on me. I spot his rifle’s muzzle in the flashlight glare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I started walking toward him like I wanted to punch him in the face,” says Burstein of his own experience. “That was crazy because it felt like a real thing, that was scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This exhibit is Iñárritu's first major venture in the virtual reality plain, a project he worked on over a period of four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11610247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-800x555.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-1180x819.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-960x666.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-240x167.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-375x260.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-Y-ARENA-inarritu-520x361.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro G. Iñárritu directs a baker from El Salvador named Yoni, who is dressed in a motion-capture suit and re-creates a harrowing moment on his journey. \u003ccite>(Chachi Ramirez.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think that virtual reality allows the people to experience at least a fragment of a real event that happened to some person, for them to understand, deeper, a reality,” Iñárritu said during an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpFFr8swBgE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview sponsored by the Cannes Film Festival\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The definition of cinema is: a reality that is composed within a frame. Virtual reality does not have a frame, so the limits dissolve. And it’s something you don't see only, but (that) you experience, too,\" Iñárritu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not able to speak to Iñárritu for this story, nor have reporters for most other media outlets. Media, and the general public, are also prohibited from recording or photographing any aspect of the exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There is no human being who as a result of desiring to build a better life should be declared illegal or considered disposable.'\u003ccite>Alejandro Iñárritu\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The artist and the museum are trying to strike a delicate balance. There’s a concerted effort to keep exposure to a minimum so as to avoid spoilers and preserve the exhibit’s integrity, while making sure the message of the project reaches a large audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no fixed end date for Alejandro Iñárritu's \"Carne y Arena\" exhibit, though tickets are sold out through early September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carne y Arena’s\" reality may be “virtual” but it does make the often abstract issue of immigration feel all too real, says Santa Monica-based filmmaker \u003ca href=\"http://www.rpscinema.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ric Perez-Selsky\u003c/a>. He’s been exploring the virtual reality realm in his own work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was young men, there was old men, children. This (exhibit) really put a face on these people -- and it was the face of everyone across humanity,” says Perez-Selsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they move through the reality warp of the virtual experience, visitors get back into their shoes and slip into a dark space where they can regain their senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11610254\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11610254\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/CARNE-heart-close-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of Neil Kellerhouse's 'heart map' graphic for 'Carne y Arena.' \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The walls are lined with portholes. Peer inside and a face blinks back at you. These are video portraits of immigrants whose real-life cross-border experiences informed details of the virtual reality segment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say nothing in the videos, just keep their gaze fixed in front. Text is superimposed over their impassive expressions. As you read their stories you’ve no choice but to look them in the eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no human being who as a result of desiring to build a better life should be declared illegal or considered disposable,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_olS-gAp0UI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alejandro Iñárritu while speaking \u003c/a>to an audience at LACMA's 2015 Art + Film Gala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather propose to call these people undocumented dreamers, as were most of the people who founded this country,” says Iñárritu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By naming them that, we can start a real human conversation with the most precious emotion a human being can have: compassion.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11610230/new-vr-exhibit-lets-viewers-experience-mexican-migrants-harrowing-journey","authors":["2600"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_1169","news_13"],"tags":["news_17719","news_2403","news_17286","news_17041","news_244","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_11610239","label":"news_72"},"arts_11744066":{"type":"posts","id":"arts_11744066","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"arts","id":"11744066","score":null,"sort":[1467064853000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-cultivates-empathy-for-the-homeless","title":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Cultivates Empathy for the Homeless","publishDate":1467064853,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Stanford’s Virtual Reality Lab Cultivates Empathy for the Homeless | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":407,"site":"arts"},"content":"\u003cp>The burgeoning field of Virtual Reality — or VR as it is commonly known — is a vehicle for telling stories through 360-degree visuals and sound that put you right in the middle of the action, be it at a crowded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXHil1TPxvA&feature=youtu.be&t=6m30s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Syrian refugee camp\u003c/a>, or inside the body of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.genworth.com/lets-talk/r70i-aging-experience.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">85-year-old with a bad hip and cataracts\u003c/a>. Because of VR’s immersive properties, some people describe the medium as “the ultimate empathy machine.” But can it make people care about something as fraught and multi-faceted as homelessness?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study in progress at Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a> explores that question, and I strapped on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oculus.com/en-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oculus Rift\u003c/a> headset (one of the most popular devices people currently use to experience VR) to look for an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new way of understanding homelessness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, called \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/projects/2015/empathy-at-scale/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Empathy at Scale\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> puts participants in a variety of scenes designed to help them imagine the experience of being homeless themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11744366 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"'Empathy at Scale,' a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-400x240.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-1180x709.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-960x577.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut.jpg 1449w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Empathy at Scale,’ a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy Stanford’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike VR that uses 360-degree video, this dramatization looks like a low-fi video game, so it’s hard to mistake it for reality. Even so, my brain responded to the immersive environment to some extent as if I did perceive it as real. When a cop pulled up and trained a flashlight into the car, I physically flinched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who come into our lab and say ‘I knew that was fake the whole time,’” says \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> project manager Elise Ogle. “But for some people, your brain just can’t determine the difference between real life and this powerful visual stimuli that we’re showing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 22 bus line story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their research for the project, the creators of \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> incorporated local stories about homelessness. One they found particularly affecting was \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em>, a short documentary by a Stanford student filmmaker about Valley Transportation Authority \u003ca href=\"http://www.vta.org/routes/rt22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bus line 22\u003c/a>, which runs all night between Palo Alto and San Jose. The line is nicknamed “Hotel 22,” because it’s popular with homeless people looking for a safe alternative to sleeping on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">[vimeo 138190538 w=640 h=360]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/138190538\">\u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> by Elizabeth Lo\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/shortoftheweek\">Short of the Week\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bus, it turns out, is an ideal virtual reality setting for delivering a variety of stories that show how complex the problem of homelessness is. As the bus travels down the street in the VR world, I click on each passenger, and hear a recording of Ogle telling me how they got on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back, a man sits with a boy of about 10. “This is a father, Ray, and his son, named Ethan,” Ogle says in a flat, emotionally neutral tone. “Ethan’s mother suffered from a chronic illness and recently passed away. Left with the hospital bills, Ray is in debt. They’re on a family shelter waiting list. So until free spaces become available, they sleep on the bus at night.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271733576″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Empathy is uncomfortable\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamil Zaki, an assistant professor of psychology at \u003ca href=\"http://ssnl.stanford.edu/\">Stanford’s Social Neuroscience Lab\u003c/a>, helped the VR team design its study, and he says we often go out of our way to avoid feeling empathy. “People are incredibly efficient at cutting the world up into us and them,” Zaki says. “And when they do so, they’re also incredibly efficient at cutting off whoever’s on the other side of that boundary. Even when people acknowledge that someone who’s different from them experiences pain and suffering, they often find ways to blame that individual. They say ‘Well, that person’s having a bad time, but it’s because of the choices that they made. I would never been in that position.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”rSm5iIUjxRt3aztiv3qAbmK9w2V2jhfe”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wearing a VR headset that engages your ears, eyes and even peripheral vision, makes it hard to shut out the pain of the people or avatars in front of you. “Once you understand the world as someone else sees it, and inhabit their inner life, you’re on the hook!” Zaki says. “You now, in essence, have a responsibility to care for that person, and maybe invest in their well-being.”\u003cbr>\nAs University of Southern California VR researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.immersivejournalism.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nonny de la Peña\u003c/a> explained in a recent TED talk, the VR scenario may also force people to confront strong emotions like panic when events occur that they feel powerless to stop. (Even though, physically, you could just take your headset off.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsLz0mRmEG0]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing the technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford researchers are looking for a diverse pool of around 1,000 people to test \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> before the end of this year. So they’ve set up a mobile testing unit at places like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tech Museum\u003c/a> in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jhansi Raju, an ophthalmologist from Chicago, tried out the technology while visiting the Tech Museum with her family recently. She found the \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> sequence most affecting. “It showed the human side of homelessness,” Raju says. “Everyone’s story was so different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raju was especially moved by the story of Ray and his son Ethan. “For me, having a child and imagining how you could live on a bus with a kid, that was very moving and very sad to see,” Rajus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study tests the level of empathy a user feels after experiencing the VR narratives by asking various questions after he or she goes through the various scenes. It also offers her the option to donate the $10 gift card she got for participating in the study to a local charity. Raju agrees to donate. “I feel like I’m a pretty aware person, in terms of social issues like that,” Raju says. “But going through this process really makes you experience the feelings and the emotions of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Strapping on a VR headset really does seem to make people care more about those who live on the streets","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705033782,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1151},"headData":{"title":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Cultivates Empathy for the Homeless | KQED","description":"Strapping on a VR headset really does seem to make people care more about those who live on the streets","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/arts/11744066/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-cultivates-empathy-for-the-homeless","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The burgeoning field of Virtual Reality — or VR as it is commonly known — is a vehicle for telling stories through 360-degree visuals and sound that put you right in the middle of the action, be it at a crowded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXHil1TPxvA&feature=youtu.be&t=6m30s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Syrian refugee camp\u003c/a>, or inside the body of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.genworth.com/lets-talk/r70i-aging-experience.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">85-year-old with a bad hip and cataracts\u003c/a>. Because of VR’s immersive properties, some people describe the medium as “the ultimate empathy machine.” But can it make people care about something as fraught and multi-faceted as homelessness?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study in progress at Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virtual Human Interaction Lab\u003c/a> explores that question, and I strapped on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oculus.com/en-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oculus Rift\u003c/a> headset (one of the most popular devices people currently use to experience VR) to look for an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new way of understanding homelessness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, called \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://vhil.stanford.edu/projects/2015/empathy-at-scale/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Empathy at Scale\u003c/a>,\u003c/em> puts participants in a variety of scenes designed to help them imagine the experience of being homeless themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11744366 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"'Empathy at Scale,' a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-400x240.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-1180x709.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut-960x577.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/06/RS19971_HomelessStudy_Scene2-qut.jpg 1449w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Empathy at Scale,’ a computer simulation developed by Stanford researchers, attempts to help you experience what it is to live as a homeless person. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy Stanford’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike VR that uses 360-degree video, this dramatization looks like a low-fi video game, so it’s hard to mistake it for reality. Even so, my brain responded to the immersive environment to some extent as if I did perceive it as real. When a cop pulled up and trained a flashlight into the car, I physically flinched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who come into our lab and say ‘I knew that was fake the whole time,’” says \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> project manager Elise Ogle. “But for some people, your brain just can’t determine the difference between real life and this powerful visual stimuli that we’re showing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 22 bus line story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of their research for the project, the creators of \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> incorporated local stories about homelessness. One they found particularly affecting was \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em>, a short documentary by a Stanford student filmmaker about Valley Transportation Authority \u003ca href=\"http://www.vta.org/routes/rt22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bus line 22\u003c/a>, which runs all night between Palo Alto and San Jose. The line is nicknamed “Hotel 22,” because it’s popular with homeless people looking for a safe alternative to sleeping on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"vimeo","attributes":{"named":{"w":"640","h":"360","label":"138190538"},"numeric":["138190538"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/138190538\">\u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> by Elizabeth Lo\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/shortoftheweek\">Short of the Week\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bus, it turns out, is an ideal virtual reality setting for delivering a variety of stories that show how complex the problem of homelessness is. As the bus travels down the street in the VR world, I click on each passenger, and hear a recording of Ogle telling me how they got on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back, a man sits with a boy of about 10. “This is a father, Ray, and his son, named Ethan,” Ogle says in a flat, emotionally neutral tone. “Ethan’s mother suffered from a chronic illness and recently passed away. Left with the hospital bills, Ray is in debt. They’re on a family shelter waiting list. So until free spaces become available, they sleep on the bus at night.\u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271733576″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/271733576″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Empathy is uncomfortable\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamil Zaki, an assistant professor of psychology at \u003ca href=\"http://ssnl.stanford.edu/\">Stanford’s Social Neuroscience Lab\u003c/a>, helped the VR team design its study, and he says we often go out of our way to avoid feeling empathy. “People are incredibly efficient at cutting the world up into us and them,” Zaki says. “And when they do so, they’re also incredibly efficient at cutting off whoever’s on the other side of that boundary. Even when people acknowledge that someone who’s different from them experiences pain and suffering, they often find ways to blame that individual. They say ‘Well, that person’s having a bad time, but it’s because of the choices that they made. I would never been in that position.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wearing a VR headset that engages your ears, eyes and even peripheral vision, makes it hard to shut out the pain of the people or avatars in front of you. “Once you understand the world as someone else sees it, and inhabit their inner life, you’re on the hook!” Zaki says. “You now, in essence, have a responsibility to care for that person, and maybe invest in their well-being.”\u003cbr>\nAs University of Southern California VR researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.immersivejournalism.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nonny de la Peña\u003c/a> explained in a recent TED talk, the VR scenario may also force people to confront strong emotions like panic when events occur that they feel powerless to stop. (Even though, physically, you could just take your headset off.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zsLz0mRmEG0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zsLz0mRmEG0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing the technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford researchers are looking for a diverse pool of around 1,000 people to test \u003cem>Empathy at Scale\u003c/em> before the end of this year. So they’ve set up a mobile testing unit at places like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tech Museum\u003c/a> in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jhansi Raju, an ophthalmologist from Chicago, tried out the technology while visiting the Tech Museum with her family recently. She found the \u003cem>Hotel 22\u003c/em> sequence most affecting. “It showed the human side of homelessness,” Raju says. “Everyone’s story was so different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raju was especially moved by the story of Ray and his son Ethan. “For me, having a child and imagining how you could live on a bus with a kid, that was very moving and very sad to see,” Rajus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study tests the level of empathy a user feels after experiencing the VR narratives by asking various questions after he or she goes through the various scenes. It also offers her the option to donate the $10 gift card she got for participating in the study to a local charity. Raju agrees to donate. “I feel like I’m a pretty aware person, in terms of social issues like that,” Raju says. “But going through this process really makes you experience the feelings and the emotions of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/arts/11744066/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-cultivates-empathy-for-the-homeless","authors":["251"],"series":["arts_610","arts_407"],"categories":["arts_71","arts_235"],"tags":["arts_1037","arts_1119","arts_1118","arts_596"],"featImg":"arts_11744365","label":"arts_407"},"futureofyou_144683":{"type":"posts","id":"futureofyou_144683","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"futureofyou","id":"144683","score":null,"sort":[1461343041000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse","title":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse","publishDate":1461343041,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from \"WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>ne question the folks in Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab like to ask: In virtual worlds, do we have to be us? The lab started out with subtle changes to the human appearance: making your avatar prettier, taller, fatter, or older than the real you, even changing your race. (In psychology, this is usually called “perspective taking,” or envisioning yourself as another person or in an altered state.) But in the virtual world, there’s no reason to stick with your human form. In fact, learning how to occupy another body might do us some good. “We’ve known from our past research, when you occupy a human avatar that you gain empathy towards that human. So you can reduce racism, ageism, sexism,” Jeremy Bailenson, a founding director of the lab, says. “Does the same thing work with a nonhuman?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"The voice says: 'You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.'”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, I head back to to the lab to find out. Once again, it is dark and quiet, and Cody Karutz is cheerfully strapping devices to my appendages. He fits me with fabric kneepads, then infrared markers around my wrists. He helps me into a nylon pinnie— the kind kids wear for soccer scrimmages—and sticks two infrared markers along my spine. On goes the helmet. Then he asks me to get down on all fours and he flips the simulation on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow in a lovely pasture, a green expanse ringed by distant barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In front of me is another cow— Karutz explains that this is a mirror image of my avatar, put there because, given the physics of wearing a helmet while crawling, it’s hard to look down and see my own body as a cow’s. I make an involuntary “Aww!” noise because my cow self is adorable, a pint-sized brown-and-white calf with tiny curved horns and a fat body on spindly legs. I lift my right hoof and my cow double does the same. I trot around a bit, getting the layout of the field, watching as my cow self does, too. VR folks use the term “body transfer” to describe shifting your consciousness to an external representation, and as the cow copies my movements, that’s just what we’re doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Welcome to the Stanford University cow pasture,” booms a voice overhead. “You are a shorthorn breed of cattle. You are a dual- purpose breed, suitable for both dairy and beef production.” It is momentarily jarring, being told I am suitable for beef production. But I roll with it, as the voice gives me instructions: Walk over to a feed cart and eat. I do my best to position myself over some hay. My cow double does the same. The voice ticks off some mindblowing stats about how much weight we must gain— three pounds a day—in order to bulk up to 600 pounds. I wonder whether I should mime chewing, which seems oddly natural, even though no one has requested it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the voice tells me to walk to a water trough. My cow double and I loop to the left. I can see a cattle prod hovering in midair. In the real world, it’s a wooden dowel with an infrared marker attached to the end, held by a lab assistant. It’s not working today (this is a very early version of the study) but normally he would have jabbed me with it lightly. I would have seen the cattle prod coming at me while I felt it press into my sides. This is “synchronous touch,” Karutz later explains, another way to produce body transfer. Today, it’s just floating nearby, so, unprodded, I stand over the water trough as the voice tells me I’ll drink up to 30 gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please turn to your left until you see the fence where you started,” says the voice. “You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not expecting this. A wave of sadness and horror hits me with the word “slaughterhouse.” The suddenness of the announcement, the feeling of being trapped, the guilt and responsibility I feel for my cow avatar, who I somehow feel is me, but who I simultaneously feel is younger and more innocent and who is, I should point out, a vegetarian— it’s remarkably heavy for having been in this virtual life only a few minutes. The part of me that is a cow dutifully walks toward the fence. The part of me that is a person is yelling. It’s unbidden, startling even me, an anger borne of nervousness. “That is brutal!” I shout at no one in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T9kfbcRrQ8&ab_channel=Stanford\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The simulation presses on, telling me to face my cow avatar. She gazes back at me, as innocently adorable as ever. “Here you will await the slaughterhouse truck,” says the voice. The floor begins to vibrate. I hear the grinding of approaching tires and the beep of a truck backing up. I feel a rush of real fear as the world shakes noisily around me. I scan my head from side to side, wondering where the truck is going to appear. What will happen then? But it doesn’t. The experiment is over. “My God, you guys,” I hear myself muttering in relief as Karutz unwinches me from the helmet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watching Yourself Die as a Coral Stem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had I been in the real study, the follow-up would have gauged whether I now felt more empathy for cows, and more broadly, my feelings about animal rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And the cow— cuddly, familiar, a fellow mammal—is just the beginning of where the lab is headed with this idea. Moments before I came in, Karutz had been making tweaks to an experiment in which participants will become a coral stem in a coastal reef, an even more unfamiliar body configuration. The coral is immobile, a brilliant purple, with branches that just vaguely recall arms, the only nod to the human form this simulation makes. It’s situated in clear blue water, surrounded by a passing jumble of sea life. For synchronous touch, a fishing net will bump into you while a lab assistant pokes you in the chest with the dowel. This time, you will listen to facts about ocean acidification, caused by water absorbing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, as you watch the sea around you slowly die— first the sea urchins, then the fish that feed on the urchins, then the sea snails whose shells become corroded by the acidifying waters. As the animals disappear, the water becomes grayer and the rocks coated in algae. If you look down you will see your own body withering, until a chunk falls off onto the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in both of these you have to watch yourself die or almost die,” I point out flatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some very dramatic effects,” agrees Karutz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is working with marine biologists to design the coral scenario,which subjects will experience as a VR environment, a video, or simply audio. Ultimately, says Bailenson, they’re testing how well viscerally experiencing the dying coral works as an educational method. “Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?” he asks. They’ll also track an empathy-related measure—maybe subjects’ willingness to donate money or sign petitions for ocean-related causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also a more technical cognitive question behind all of this shapeshifting: the idea of homuncular flexibility. The homunculus, or “little man,” is a way of visualizing how the cortex maps senses and movements onto the body. The areas that innervate different parts of the limbs, trunk, and head appear in this cortical strip in roughly toe-to-head order. But because the face and fingers are so sensitive and dexterous, they’re more densely innervated and take up more space. If you drew the body of a “little man” based on this cortical schematic, he would have two fat lips and clown hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In VR, says Bailenson, “Homuncular flexibility asks, if you put someone in a body that is decidedly nonhuman, can they learn to operate it?” So imagine, he says, as Jaron Lanier—his friend and mentor—had attempted during early experiments with novel avatars, “you put someone in a lobster. A lobster has eight arms. Moving the first arms of the lobster is very simple. You move the physical two arms, and the virtual arms do what the first two do. How do you move arms three through eight?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment? It’s real.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s an extraordinarily magical question and also an extremely practical one. Think of using your avatar to manipulate digital objects, says Bailenson, like in the film \u003cem>Minority Report\u003c/em>, based on the Philip K. Dick story, in which Tom Cruise plays a futuristic police officer. “You remember that scene where Tom Cruise is playing with all that data and using his arms?” asks Bailenson. “\u003cem>Why is he just using two arms?\u003c/em> The data is all digital. If people can learn to control eight arms, then they’d be more efficient.” Or, he says, think about using virtual environments to manipulate real-world machines. You could have “many to one” control, in which a group of users operate a “team body,” or “one to many,” in which one expert controls multiple devices. Consider the military, he says: “The single best plane operator, why is she only operating one plane?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this is what we’re going to try on my last day in the lab. Andrea Stevenson Won, a lab doctoral student, has built a scenario that will give me a virtual third limb, and we’ll see how quickly I can learn to control it. Karutz fits me with the helmet and straps infrared markers and small plastic accelerometers to my wrists. Then the lights go out, and I’m staring into a virtual mirror at my avatar, a silver outline of a body. It’s got the two usual arms, which I can operate by moving my own normally. But there’s also this enormously long armlike protrusion sticking out of my chest. This limb has no elbow joint, and just the barest hint of fingers. Karutz gives me a few seconds with the mirror to adjust to my new limb, which is controlled by rotating my wrists. One of them—he doesn’t say which— controls horizontal movements, and the other its lateral movements. I hold my hands out stiffly in front of me and jiggle my wrists. My third arm flips back and forth like a windshield wiper. This is all the training I get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the mirror blinks off, and I’m looking at cubes hovering in space, just close enough for me to touch with my own fingertips. On my left, there are nine blue cubes; to the right, nine red ones. Every now and then, a cube will turn white. When it does, I must touch it with my real hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of feet behind these are nine green cubes. When a white cube appears here, I’ll have to touch it, too. “They are too far, so you can’t use your normal limbs,” says Karutz. “So that’s why you have a third arm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK. Ready. A cube lights up in the blue set. I tap it with my hand. The cube flashes and emits a delightful shimmery zing before turning blue again. \u003cem>Easy\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one back in the green array lights up. I’m mentally prepared for this to be tough. Karutz is, too. He’s about to offer some encouragement when I just reach out with my third arm and ... touch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have no idea what I did. I just did it. “\u003cem>Nice\u003c/em>!” Karutz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I make an awestruck noise and keep going. The cubes flash, and I smack them. Real arms, fake arm— it’s weirdly natural. The mental and muscular math required to make the third arm move happens subconsciously; somehow my two real wrists direct the imaginary one. I’m hoping this will be an actual job skill in the future. \u003cem>Ask me about my homuncular flexibility!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Stevenson Won concludes that people can adapt within five minutes, and that subjects given a third arm did better than a control group that only used their real arms and stepped forward to tap the green cubes. In an earlier phase of the study, she also found that people readily adapt to having their arms and legs switched, or to having their legs be able to reach extra far. I’d tried this the previous fall, and found it easy to complete the task— popping virtual balloons floating in midair— while using my arms to control my virtual feet, or kicking over my head with my suddenly superflexible legs. I mean, it hadn’t been pretty. I’d lumbered around the room swinging my limbs like a deranged robot. But it got the balloons popped. The idea, she says, was to see if people would switch to using their feet, rather than their hands, which were better balloon- popping tools in both conditions. (They did, although they performed the task better when their legs were given extended range.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thinking about tool use is important in homuncular flexibility research, says Stevenson Won, because there are parallels between how we learn to use them and how we learn to control novel bodies. “People are very good at quickly learning to use new tools, and tools can be considered as extensions of the body,” she says. In the third arm study, subjects are put into one of four conditions. Some see a limb attached to their chest, as I did. Others see it floating near their body, or as a sort of metal cylinder protruding from their chest, or as a hexagonal shape floating beside them. In other words, it can look like either a tool or a body part, and it can be attached to you or not. And that might change how you learn to use it. As Bailenson puts it: “Is it a hammer or is it your arm?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a way to test this, too. After I have tapped my way through the cube task, Karutz makes the cubes vanish, and now a bull’s- eye hangs in midair. He asks me to place my third arm at its center. I do, and there is a roaring noise and a bright light. My brain registers this as: \u003cem>My hand is on fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I yell. My shoulders and neck involuntarily go into a deep cringe. And that is exactly what the lab wants to know— how I react to a threat to my imaginary limb. “If it’s a tool, if somebody sets it on fire, you shouldn’t flinch,” says Bailenson. “And if it’s your arm, you should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And look, by this point I have spent a lot of time in this lab. I have read a ton of their papers and interviewed them relentlessly on their methods. I can see how the trick is done. I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adapted excerpt from \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbgtoolkit.com/book.php?isbn=9780465089970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Kara Platoni. Copyright © 2015. Available from Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, a division of PBG Publishing, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc\u003c/em> https://twitter.com/KaraPlatoni\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you become a nonhuman in virtual reality, will you gain empathy for it? Author Kara Platoni's account of her experience at Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1573065872,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":2858},"headData":{"title":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse | KQED","description":"If you become a nonhuman in virtual reality, will you gain empathy for it? Author Kara Platoni's account of her experience at Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"144683 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=144683","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/22/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse/","disqusTitle":"Stanford's Virtual Reality Lab Turned Me Into a Cow, Then Sent Me to the Slaughterhouse","source":"Future of You","nprByline":"Kara Platoni","path":"/futureofyou/144683/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from \"WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>ne question the folks in Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab like to ask: In virtual worlds, do we have to be us? The lab started out with subtle changes to the human appearance: making your avatar prettier, taller, fatter, or older than the real you, even changing your race. (In psychology, this is usually called “perspective taking,” or envisioning yourself as another person or in an altered state.) But in the virtual world, there’s no reason to stick with your human form. In fact, learning how to occupy another body might do us some good. “We’ve known from our past research, when you occupy a human avatar that you gain empathy towards that human. So you can reduce racism, ageism, sexism,” Jeremy Bailenson, a founding director of the lab, says. “Does the same thing work with a nonhuman?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"The voice says: 'You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.'”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, I head back to to the lab to find out. Once again, it is dark and quiet, and Cody Karutz is cheerfully strapping devices to my appendages. He fits me with fabric kneepads, then infrared markers around my wrists. He helps me into a nylon pinnie— the kind kids wear for soccer scrimmages—and sticks two infrared markers along my spine. On goes the helmet. Then he asks me to get down on all fours and he flips the simulation on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a cow in a lovely pasture, a green expanse ringed by distant barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In front of me is another cow— Karutz explains that this is a mirror image of my avatar, put there because, given the physics of wearing a helmet while crawling, it’s hard to look down and see my own body as a cow’s. I make an involuntary “Aww!” noise because my cow self is adorable, a pint-sized brown-and-white calf with tiny curved horns and a fat body on spindly legs. I lift my right hoof and my cow double does the same. I trot around a bit, getting the layout of the field, watching as my cow self does, too. VR folks use the term “body transfer” to describe shifting your consciousness to an external representation, and as the cow copies my movements, that’s just what we’re doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Welcome to the Stanford University cow pasture,” booms a voice overhead. “You are a shorthorn breed of cattle. You are a dual- purpose breed, suitable for both dairy and beef production.” It is momentarily jarring, being told I am suitable for beef production. But I roll with it, as the voice gives me instructions: Walk over to a feed cart and eat. I do my best to position myself over some hay. My cow double does the same. The voice ticks off some mindblowing stats about how much weight we must gain— three pounds a day—in order to bulk up to 600 pounds. I wonder whether I should mime chewing, which seems oddly natural, even though no one has requested it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the voice tells me to walk to a water trough. My cow double and I loop to the left. I can see a cattle prod hovering in midair. In the real world, it’s a wooden dowel with an infrared marker attached to the end, held by a lab assistant. It’s not working today (this is a very early version of the study) but normally he would have jabbed me with it lightly. I would have seen the cattle prod coming at me while I felt it press into my sides. This is “synchronous touch,” Karutz later explains, another way to produce body transfer. Today, it’s just floating nearby, so, unprodded, I stand over the water trough as the voice tells me I’ll drink up to 30 gallons a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please turn to your left until you see the fence where you started,” says the voice. “You have been here for 200 days and reached your target weight. So it is time for you to go to the slaughterhouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was not expecting this. A wave of sadness and horror hits me with the word “slaughterhouse.” The suddenness of the announcement, the feeling of being trapped, the guilt and responsibility I feel for my cow avatar, who I somehow feel is me, but who I simultaneously feel is younger and more innocent and who is, I should point out, a vegetarian— it’s remarkably heavy for having been in this virtual life only a few minutes. The part of me that is a cow dutifully walks toward the fence. The part of me that is a person is yelling. It’s unbidden, startling even me, an anger borne of nervousness. “That is brutal!” I shout at no one in particular.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3T9kfbcRrQ8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3T9kfbcRrQ8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The simulation presses on, telling me to face my cow avatar. She gazes back at me, as innocently adorable as ever. “Here you will await the slaughterhouse truck,” says the voice. The floor begins to vibrate. I hear the grinding of approaching tires and the beep of a truck backing up. I feel a rush of real fear as the world shakes noisily around me. I scan my head from side to side, wondering where the truck is going to appear. What will happen then? But it doesn’t. The experiment is over. “My God, you guys,” I hear myself muttering in relief as Karutz unwinches me from the helmet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watching Yourself Die as a Coral Stem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had I been in the real study, the follow-up would have gauged whether I now felt more empathy for cows, and more broadly, my feelings about animal rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And the cow— cuddly, familiar, a fellow mammal—is just the beginning of where the lab is headed with this idea. Moments before I came in, Karutz had been making tweaks to an experiment in which participants will become a coral stem in a coastal reef, an even more unfamiliar body configuration. The coral is immobile, a brilliant purple, with branches that just vaguely recall arms, the only nod to the human form this simulation makes. It’s situated in clear blue water, surrounded by a passing jumble of sea life. For synchronous touch, a fishing net will bump into you while a lab assistant pokes you in the chest with the dowel. This time, you will listen to facts about ocean acidification, caused by water absorbing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, as you watch the sea around you slowly die— first the sea urchins, then the fish that feed on the urchins, then the sea snails whose shells become corroded by the acidifying waters. As the animals disappear, the water becomes grayer and the rocks coated in algae. If you look down you will see your own body withering, until a chunk falls off onto the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in both of these you have to watch yourself die or almost die,” I point out flatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some very dramatic effects,” agrees Karutz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is working with marine biologists to design the coral scenario,which subjects will experience as a VR environment, a video, or simply audio. Ultimately, says Bailenson, they’re testing how well viscerally experiencing the dying coral works as an educational method. “Do you learn better, do you care, are you more motivated to learn when you become the coral?” he asks. They’ll also track an empathy-related measure—maybe subjects’ willingness to donate money or sign petitions for ocean-related causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also a more technical cognitive question behind all of this shapeshifting: the idea of homuncular flexibility. The homunculus, or “little man,” is a way of visualizing how the cortex maps senses and movements onto the body. The areas that innervate different parts of the limbs, trunk, and head appear in this cortical strip in roughly toe-to-head order. But because the face and fingers are so sensitive and dexterous, they’re more densely innervated and take up more space. If you drew the body of a “little man” based on this cortical schematic, he would have two fat lips and clown hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In VR, says Bailenson, “Homuncular flexibility asks, if you put someone in a body that is decidedly nonhuman, can they learn to operate it?” So imagine, he says, as Jaron Lanier—his friend and mentor—had attempted during early experiments with novel avatars, “you put someone in a lobster. A lobster has eight arms. Moving the first arms of the lobster is very simple. You move the physical two arms, and the virtual arms do what the first two do. How do you move arms three through eight?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment? It’s real.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s an extraordinarily magical question and also an extremely practical one. Think of using your avatar to manipulate digital objects, says Bailenson, like in the film \u003cem>Minority Report\u003c/em>, based on the Philip K. Dick story, in which Tom Cruise plays a futuristic police officer. “You remember that scene where Tom Cruise is playing with all that data and using his arms?” asks Bailenson. “\u003cem>Why is he just using two arms?\u003c/em> The data is all digital. If people can learn to control eight arms, then they’d be more efficient.” Or, he says, think about using virtual environments to manipulate real-world machines. You could have “many to one” control, in which a group of users operate a “team body,” or “one to many,” in which one expert controls multiple devices. Consider the military, he says: “The single best plane operator, why is she only operating one plane?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this is what we’re going to try on my last day in the lab. Andrea Stevenson Won, a lab doctoral student, has built a scenario that will give me a virtual third limb, and we’ll see how quickly I can learn to control it. Karutz fits me with the helmet and straps infrared markers and small plastic accelerometers to my wrists. Then the lights go out, and I’m staring into a virtual mirror at my avatar, a silver outline of a body. It’s got the two usual arms, which I can operate by moving my own normally. But there’s also this enormously long armlike protrusion sticking out of my chest. This limb has no elbow joint, and just the barest hint of fingers. Karutz gives me a few seconds with the mirror to adjust to my new limb, which is controlled by rotating my wrists. One of them—he doesn’t say which— controls horizontal movements, and the other its lateral movements. I hold my hands out stiffly in front of me and jiggle my wrists. My third arm flips back and forth like a windshield wiper. This is all the training I get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the mirror blinks off, and I’m looking at cubes hovering in space, just close enough for me to touch with my own fingertips. On my left, there are nine blue cubes; to the right, nine red ones. Every now and then, a cube will turn white. When it does, I must touch it with my real hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of feet behind these are nine green cubes. When a white cube appears here, I’ll have to touch it, too. “They are too far, so you can’t use your normal limbs,” says Karutz. “So that’s why you have a third arm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK. Ready. A cube lights up in the blue set. I tap it with my hand. The cube flashes and emits a delightful shimmery zing before turning blue again. \u003cem>Easy\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now one back in the green array lights up. I’m mentally prepared for this to be tough. Karutz is, too. He’s about to offer some encouragement when I just reach out with my third arm and ... touch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have no idea what I did. I just did it. “\u003cem>Nice\u003c/em>!” Karutz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I make an awestruck noise and keep going. The cubes flash, and I smack them. Real arms, fake arm— it’s weirdly natural. The mental and muscular math required to make the third arm move happens subconsciously; somehow my two real wrists direct the imaginary one. I’m hoping this will be an actual job skill in the future. \u003cem>Ask me about my homuncular flexibility!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Stevenson Won concludes that people can adapt within five minutes, and that subjects given a third arm did better than a control group that only used their real arms and stepped forward to tap the green cubes. In an earlier phase of the study, she also found that people readily adapt to having their arms and legs switched, or to having their legs be able to reach extra far. I’d tried this the previous fall, and found it easy to complete the task— popping virtual balloons floating in midair— while using my arms to control my virtual feet, or kicking over my head with my suddenly superflexible legs. I mean, it hadn’t been pretty. I’d lumbered around the room swinging my limbs like a deranged robot. But it got the balloons popped. The idea, she says, was to see if people would switch to using their feet, rather than their hands, which were better balloon- popping tools in both conditions. (They did, although they performed the task better when their legs were given extended range.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thinking about tool use is important in homuncular flexibility research, says Stevenson Won, because there are parallels between how we learn to use them and how we learn to control novel bodies. “People are very good at quickly learning to use new tools, and tools can be considered as extensions of the body,” she says. In the third arm study, subjects are put into one of four conditions. Some see a limb attached to their chest, as I did. Others see it floating near their body, or as a sort of metal cylinder protruding from their chest, or as a hexagonal shape floating beside them. In other words, it can look like either a tool or a body part, and it can be attached to you or not. And that might change how you learn to use it. As Bailenson puts it: “Is it a hammer or is it your arm?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a way to test this, too. After I have tapped my way through the cube task, Karutz makes the cubes vanish, and now a bull’s- eye hangs in midair. He asks me to place my third arm at its center. I do, and there is a roaring noise and a bright light. My brain registers this as: \u003cem>My hand is on fire.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I yell. My shoulders and neck involuntarily go into a deep cringe. And that is exactly what the lab wants to know— how I react to a threat to my imaginary limb. “If it’s a tool, if somebody sets it on fire, you shouldn’t flinch,” says Bailenson. “And if it’s your arm, you should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And look, by this point I have spent a lot of time in this lab. I have read a ton of their papers and interviewed them relentlessly on their methods. I can see how the trick is done. I know it’s a virtual hand and a virtual fire. But that little tiny freak-out moment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Adapted excerpt from \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbgtoolkit.com/book.php?isbn=9780465089970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WE HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY: How Biohackers, Foodies, Physicians, and Scientists are Transforming Human Perception, One Sense at a Time\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Kara Platoni. Copyright © 2015. Available from Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, a division of PBG Publishing, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc\u003c/em> https://twitter.com/KaraPlatoni\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/144683/stanfords-virtual-reality-lab-turned-me-into-a-cow-then-sent-me-to-the-slaughterhouse","authors":["byline_futureofyou_144683"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_1439","futureofyou_880","futureofyou_882","futureofyou_380","futureofyou_881"],"featImg":"futureofyou_150203","label":"source_futureofyou_144683"},"news_145136":{"type":"posts","id":"news_145136","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"145136","score":null,"sort":[1408471977000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqed-forum-michael-krasny-ventures-into-virtual-reality","title":"KQED 'Forum': Michael Krasny Ventures Into Virtual Reality","publishDate":1408471977,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZLebD23Hl0?list=UU0FISFbEaHFc5ccrIgkZ3mg&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408191000\" target=\"_blank\">10 a.m. \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> hour\u003c/a> focused on the future of virtual reality in the wake of Facebook's $2 billion purchase earlier this year of \u003ca href=\"http://www.oculusvr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Oculus VR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prepare for the segment, host Michael Krasny donned an Oculus headset for virtual immersion into several scenes, including a BMX park and the Golden Gate Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the experience wasn't exactly reminiscent of Michael Douglas' trip through a virtual filing system in \"Disclosure\" (and that's probably a good thing -- no Demi Moore avatars stalked Krasny). But our intrepid virtual traveler appeared, from the outside, to be fully engaged in his projected surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out Krasny's reaction in the video above. The VR scene from \"Disclosure\" is below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/ironman28/clips/disclosureVRclip.mp4/embed_view\" width=\"630\" height=\"460\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Our man immerses himself in a digitally rendered world. Demi Moore does not make an appearance.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1408484035,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":138},"headData":{"title":"KQED 'Forum': Michael Krasny Ventures Into Virtual Reality | KQED","description":"Our man immerses himself in a digitally rendered world. Demi Moore does not make an appearance.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"145136 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=145136","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/19/kqed-forum-michael-krasny-ventures-into-virtual-reality/","disqusTitle":"KQED 'Forum': Michael Krasny Ventures Into Virtual Reality","path":"/news/145136/kqed-forum-michael-krasny-ventures-into-virtual-reality","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fZLebD23Hl0?list=UU0FISFbEaHFc5ccrIgkZ3mg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fZLebD23Hl0?list=UU0FISFbEaHFc5ccrIgkZ3mg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408191000\" target=\"_blank\">10 a.m. \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> hour\u003c/a> focused on the future of virtual reality in the wake of Facebook's $2 billion purchase earlier this year of \u003ca href=\"http://www.oculusvr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Oculus VR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prepare for the segment, host Michael Krasny donned an Oculus headset for virtual immersion into several scenes, including a BMX park and the Golden Gate Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the experience wasn't exactly reminiscent of Michael Douglas' trip through a virtual filing system in \"Disclosure\" (and that's probably a good thing -- no Demi Moore avatars stalked Krasny). But our intrepid virtual traveler appeared, from the outside, to be fully engaged in his projected surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out Krasny's reaction in the video above. The VR scene from \"Disclosure\" is below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/ironman28/clips/disclosureVRclip.mp4/embed_view\" width=\"630\" height=\"460\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/145136/kqed-forum-michael-krasny-ventures-into-virtual-reality","authors":["222"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_248"],"tags":["news_6816","news_6815","news_249","news_5946","news_6814","news_3627","news_6812","news_6813"],"featImg":"news_145141","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. 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