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Over the years, she's talked with Kamau Bell, David Byrne, Kamala Harris, Tony Kushner, Armistead Maupin, Van Dyke Parks, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Tommie Smith, among others.\r\n\r\nBefore all this, she hosted \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> for 7+ years, reporting on topics like \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/rmyrow/on-a-mission-to-reform-assisted-living\">assisted living facilities\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/01/367703789/amazon-unleashes-robot-army-to-send-your-holiday-packages-faster\">robot takeover\u003c/a> of Amazon, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/50822/in-search-of-the-chocolate-persimmon\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chocolate persimmons\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\nAwards? Sure: Peabody, Edward R. Murrow, Regional Edward R. Murrow, RTNDA, Northern California RTNDA, SPJ Northern California Chapter, LA Press Club, Golden Mic. Prior to joining KQED, Rachael worked in Los Angeles at KPCC and Marketplace. She holds degrees in English and journalism from UC Berkeley (where she got her start in public radio on KALX-FM).\r\n\r\nOutside of the studio, you'll find Rachael hiking Bay Area trails and whipping up Instagram-ready meals in her kitchen.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/87bf8cb5874e045cdff430523a6d48b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"rachaelmyrow","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachaelmyrow/","sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"news","roles":["edit_others_posts","editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Rachael Myrow | KQED","description":"Senior Editor of KQED's Silicon Valley News Desk","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/87bf8cb5874e045cdff430523a6d48b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/87bf8cb5874e045cdff430523a6d48b1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rachael-myrow"},"sasha-khokha":{"type":"authors","id":"254","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"254","found":true},"name":"Sasha Khokha","firstName":"Sasha","lastName":"Khokha","slug":"sasha-khokha","email":"skhokha@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Host, The California Report Magazine","bio":"Sasha Khokha is the host of \u003cem>The California Report's \u003c/em> weekly magazine program, which takes listeners on sound-rich excursions to meet the people that make the Golden State unique -- through audio documentaries and long-form stories. As \u003cem>The California Report's\u003c/em> Central Valley Bureau Chief based in Fresno for nearly a dozen years, Sasha brought the lives and concerns of rural Californians to listeners around the state. Her reporting helped expose the hidden price immigrant women janitors and farmworkers may pay to keep their jobs: sexual assault at work. It inspired two new California laws to protect them from sexual harassment. She was a key member of the reporting team for the Frontline film \u003cem>Rape on the Night Shift, \u003c/em>which was nominated for two national Emmys. Sasha has also won a national Edward R. Murrow and a national PRNDI award for investigative reporting, as well as multiple prizes from the Society for Professional Journalists. Sasha is a proud alum of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism and Brown University and a member of the South Asian Journalists Association.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"KQEDSashaKhokha","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sasha Khokha | KQED","description":"Host, The California Report Magazine","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4b5e1541aaeea2aa356aa1fb2a68950?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sasha-khokha"},"markfiore":{"type":"authors","id":"3236","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3236","found":true},"name":"Mark Fiore","firstName":"Mark","lastName":"Fiore","slug":"markfiore","email":"mark@markfiore.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED News Cartoonist","bio":"\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"ajperry":{"type":"authors","id":"11334","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11334","found":true},"name":"Alyssa Jeong Perry","firstName":"Alyssa","lastName":"Perry","slug":"ajperry","email":"AlyssaPerry@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Alyssa Jeong Perry is a on-call reporter at KQED. She's had stories air on NPR and WBUR's \u003cem>Here & Now,\u003c/em> PRI's The World and WNYC's \u003cem>The Takeaway.\u003c/em> And her written stories have been published in \u003cem>The Guardian \u003c/em>and \u003cem>The Nation. \u003c/em> For her reporting on immigration, Alyssa was honored as a 2015 Ford Foundation fellow through International Center for Journalists and a 2016 Mark Felt fellow with the UC Berkeley's Investigative Reporting Program. She's also interned at \u003cem>Oregon Public Broadcasting \u003c/em>and has her masters in journalism from the UC Berkeley. Before diving deep into journalism, she lived in Korea for almost four years and traveled extensively through Central America and Asia.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8601b3e2995177110a6b5beb3aaea2f3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"alyssajperry","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alyssa Jeong Perry | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8601b3e2995177110a6b5beb3aaea2f3?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8601b3e2995177110a6b5beb3aaea2f3?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ajperry"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11796609":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11796609","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11796609","score":null,"sort":[1579304451000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-martin-luther-king-jr-spoke-out-against-the-vietnam-war","title":"When Martin Luther King Jr. Spoke Out Against the Vietnam War","publishDate":1579304451,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Why are you speaking about the war, Dr. King? Why are you joining the voices of dissent? Peace and civil rights don’t mix, they say. Aren’t you hurting the cause of your people, they ask.\" — Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute\u003c/a> is marking this coming Martin Luther King Jr. Day with a newly released recording of the most controversial speech he ever gave — against the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.']'We were taking the black, young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them 8,000 miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem.'[/pullquote] For years, historians had to muddle through a \u003ca href=\"http://okra.stanford.edu/media/audio/1967_04_04_beyond_vietnam.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recording\u003c/a> probably made too far away from the pulpit where the civil rights leader spoke. But then the \u003ca href=\"https://www.trcnyc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Riverside Church\u003c/a> in New York City digitized their audio archives, and found\u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/news/never-released-recordings-dr-king-riverside-church-1961-1967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> six clean recordings\u003c/a> of various speeches King gave at the church from 1961 to 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other five recordings include: “Paul’s Letter to American Christians,” “The Dimensions of a Complete Life,” “A Knock at Midnight,” “The Man Who Was a Fool,” and “Transformed Nonconformist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Speech That Took a Stand\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But arguably “Beyond Vietnam” was the most famous, and widely denounced, since it came before the Tet Offensive and the massacre at My Lai — which turned public opinion in the U.S. broadly against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King, who anticipated those concerns and addressed them preemptively in his speech, didn't see the cause of civil rights as separate from the cause of peace — for a few reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it was clear to him, (and ultimately \u003ca href=\"https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/assets/1/7/African_Americans_in_the_Vietnam_War.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proven\u003c/a> by research) that African American men were dying at disproportionate rates to defend a country that wasn’t doing right by them at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>We were taking the black, young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them 8,000 miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem. So, we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. So, we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>King also remarked on the way the nation's budget for war abroad gutted its budget at home for struggling Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It seemed as if there was a real promise of hope for the poor, both black and white, through the poverty program. There were experiments, hopes, new beginnings. Then came the buildup in Vietnam, and I watched this program broken and eviscerated as if it were some idle political plaything of a society gone mad on war. And I knew that America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some demonic, destructive suction tube. So, I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But King’s concerns ranged far beyond Vietnam. Speaking with what he called “the fierce urgency of now,” he decried \"a deeper malady within the American spirit.\" Specifically, he saw a series of presidential administrations embroiling themselves in armed conflicts across the globe for the wrong reason, which he defined as corporate profit at the expense of human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism and militarism are incapable of being conquered,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayborne Carson, who directs the Stanford Institute, said: \"He was concerned less about the war itself. More about what it said about our priorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think he’s telling us if those resources could be devoted to making American society more just, more democratic, that would mean so much more to the security of the United States than anything that we could do abroad,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1186px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11719450\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm.png\" alt=\"Martin Luther King Jr. at Stanford on April 14, 1967. The University is now home to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, which has released recently discovered recordings of his speeches at Riverside Church in New York City.\" width=\"1186\" height=\"672\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm.png 1186w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm-160x91.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm-800x453.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm-1020x578.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1186px) 100vw, 1186px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martin Luther King Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719386/remembering-martin-luther-king-jr-s-fight-against-poverty-and-the-vietnam-war\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at Stanford\u003c/a> on April 14, 1967. The university is now home to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, which has released recently discovered recordings of his speeches at Riverside Church in New York City. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Stanford University Libraries)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Negative Reaction, Even From His Allies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In an editorial titled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/07/archives/dr-kings-error.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. King’s Error,\u003c/a>” The New York Times wrote, “There are no simple or easy answers to the war in Vietnam or to racial injustice in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times, like other papers, took issue with King's fusing of the two problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Clayborne Carson, director of Stanford’s Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute']'He was concerned less about the war itself. More about what it said about our priorities.'[/pullquote]\"By drawing them together, Dr. King has done a disservice to both. The moral issues in Vietnam are less clear-cut than he suggests; the political strategy of uniting the peace movement and the civil rights movement could very well be disastrous for both causes,\" the Times wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King was also attacked by civil rights groups, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/11/archives/naacp-decries-stand-of-dr-king-on-vietnam-calls-it-a-serious.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAACP.\u003c/a> As reported by The New York Times, the organization's 60-member board voted unanimously to issue a resolution condemning the speech, calling it \"a serious tactical mistake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='martin-luther-king-jr' label='More Coverage']\"We are, of course, for a just peace. But there already exist dedicated organizations whose No. 1 task is to work for peace, just as our No. 1 job is to work for civil rights,\" the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They felt he was doing harm to the movement,\" Carson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it should have come as no surprise to King's allies that he was deeply troubled by the Vietnam War: He made multiple casual comments in the two years previous to \"Beyond Vietnam.\" His wife, Coretta Scott King, also spoke publicly against the war and was active in \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/king-coretta-scott\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Women's Strike for Peace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To some degree, he was a latecomer,\" Carson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What prompted King to finally \"come out\" about his feelings towards the war? A photo essay in \u003ca href=\"https://ratical.org/ratville/JFK/ChildrenOfVietnam.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ramparts Extra\u003c/a> magazine in early 1967, according to Carson. \"He realized at that point that he just had to speak out — simply seeing what napalm does to children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University has released recently discovered recordings of his speeches at Riverside Church.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1641913296,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1153},"headData":{"title":"When Martin Luther King Jr. Spoke Out Against the Vietnam War | KQED","description":"The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University has released recently discovered recordings of his speeches at Riverside Church.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"When Martin Luther King Jr. Spoke Out Against the Vietnam War","datePublished":"2020-01-17T23:40:51.000Z","dateModified":"2022-01-11T15:01:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11796609 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11796609","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/01/17/when-martin-luther-king-jr-spoke-out-against-the-vietnam-war/","disqusTitle":"When Martin Luther King Jr. Spoke Out Against the Vietnam War","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2020/01/MyrowMLKVietnamSpeech.mp3","audioTrackLength":161,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11796609/when-martin-luther-king-jr-spoke-out-against-the-vietnam-war","audioDuration":161000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Why are you speaking about the war, Dr. King? Why are you joining the voices of dissent? Peace and civil rights don’t mix, they say. Aren’t you hurting the cause of your people, they ask.\" — Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute\u003c/a> is marking this coming Martin Luther King Jr. Day with a newly released recording of the most controversial speech he ever gave — against the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We were taking the black, young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them 8,000 miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> For years, historians had to muddle through a \u003ca href=\"http://okra.stanford.edu/media/audio/1967_04_04_beyond_vietnam.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recording\u003c/a> probably made too far away from the pulpit where the civil rights leader spoke. But then the \u003ca href=\"https://www.trcnyc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Riverside Church\u003c/a> in New York City digitized their audio archives, and found\u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/news/never-released-recordings-dr-king-riverside-church-1961-1967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> six clean recordings\u003c/a> of various speeches King gave at the church from 1961 to 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other five recordings include: “Paul’s Letter to American Christians,” “The Dimensions of a Complete Life,” “A Knock at Midnight,” “The Man Who Was a Fool,” and “Transformed Nonconformist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Speech That Took a Stand\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But arguably “Beyond Vietnam” was the most famous, and widely denounced, since it came before the Tet Offensive and the massacre at My Lai — which turned public opinion in the U.S. broadly against the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King, who anticipated those concerns and addressed them preemptively in his speech, didn't see the cause of civil rights as separate from the cause of peace — for a few reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it was clear to him, (and ultimately \u003ca href=\"https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/assets/1/7/African_Americans_in_the_Vietnam_War.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proven\u003c/a> by research) that African American men were dying at disproportionate rates to defend a country that wasn’t doing right by them at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>We were taking the black, young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them 8,000 miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem. So, we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. So, we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>King also remarked on the way the nation's budget for war abroad gutted its budget at home for struggling Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It seemed as if there was a real promise of hope for the poor, both black and white, through the poverty program. There were experiments, hopes, new beginnings. Then came the buildup in Vietnam, and I watched this program broken and eviscerated as if it were some idle political plaything of a society gone mad on war. And I knew that America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some demonic, destructive suction tube. So, I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But King’s concerns ranged far beyond Vietnam. Speaking with what he called “the fierce urgency of now,” he decried \"a deeper malady within the American spirit.\" Specifically, he saw a series of presidential administrations embroiling themselves in armed conflicts across the globe for the wrong reason, which he defined as corporate profit at the expense of human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism and militarism are incapable of being conquered,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayborne Carson, who directs the Stanford Institute, said: \"He was concerned less about the war itself. More about what it said about our priorities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think he’s telling us if those resources could be devoted to making American society more just, more democratic, that would mean so much more to the security of the United States than anything that we could do abroad,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1186px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11719450\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm.png\" alt=\"Martin Luther King Jr. at Stanford on April 14, 1967. The University is now home to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, which has released recently discovered recordings of his speeches at Riverside Church in New York City.\" width=\"1186\" height=\"672\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm.png 1186w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm-160x91.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm-800x453.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/e0e81fb2-screen-shot-2019-01-15-at-8.46.17-pm-1020x578.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1186px) 100vw, 1186px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martin Luther King Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719386/remembering-martin-luther-king-jr-s-fight-against-poverty-and-the-vietnam-war\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at Stanford\u003c/a> on April 14, 1967. The university is now home to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, which has released recently discovered recordings of his speeches at Riverside Church in New York City. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Stanford University Libraries)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Negative Reaction, Even From His Allies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In an editorial titled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/07/archives/dr-kings-error.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. King’s Error,\u003c/a>” The New York Times wrote, “There are no simple or easy answers to the war in Vietnam or to racial injustice in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times, like other papers, took issue with King's fusing of the two problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'He was concerned less about the war itself. More about what it said about our priorities.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Clayborne Carson, director of Stanford’s Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"By drawing them together, Dr. King has done a disservice to both. The moral issues in Vietnam are less clear-cut than he suggests; the political strategy of uniting the peace movement and the civil rights movement could very well be disastrous for both causes,\" the Times wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King was also attacked by civil rights groups, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/11/archives/naacp-decries-stand-of-dr-king-on-vietnam-calls-it-a-serious.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAACP.\u003c/a> As reported by The New York Times, the organization's 60-member board voted unanimously to issue a resolution condemning the speech, calling it \"a serious tactical mistake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"martin-luther-king-jr","label":"More Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"We are, of course, for a just peace. But there already exist dedicated organizations whose No. 1 task is to work for peace, just as our No. 1 job is to work for civil rights,\" the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They felt he was doing harm to the movement,\" Carson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it should have come as no surprise to King's allies that he was deeply troubled by the Vietnam War: He made multiple casual comments in the two years previous to \"Beyond Vietnam.\" His wife, Coretta Scott King, also spoke publicly against the war and was active in \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/king-coretta-scott\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Women's Strike for Peace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To some degree, he was a latecomer,\" Carson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What prompted King to finally \"come out\" about his feelings towards the war? A photo essay in \u003ca href=\"https://ratical.org/ratville/JFK/ChildrenOfVietnam.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ramparts Extra\u003c/a> magazine in early 1967, according to Carson. \"He realized at that point that he just had to speak out — simply seeing what napalm does to children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11796609/when-martin-luther-king-jr-spoke-out-against-the-vietnam-war","authors":["251"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_4750","news_20013","news_20755","news_22841","news_2011","news_178","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11796740","label":"news_72"},"news_11719386":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11719386","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11719386","score":null,"sort":[1548109847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"remembering-martin-luther-king-jr-s-fight-against-poverty-and-the-vietnam-war","title":"Remembering Martin Luther King Jr.'s Fight Against Poverty and the Vietnam War","publishDate":1548109847,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr.'s stands on human rights issues including poverty were not as well known as his civil rights issues, but have been well worth noting in remembrance of him, an expert on King's achievements told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayborn Carson, Stanford history professor and founding director of the university’s \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute\u003c/a>, said King visited the San Francisco Bay Area numerous times to speak on human rights issues in the last years of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1985, when he was chosen by Coretta Scott King to edit and publish the papers of her late husband, Carson has devoted most of his professional life to the study of King and the movements he inspired. The \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/about-papers-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">King Papers Project\u003c/a> has produced seven \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/publications/king-papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">volumes\u003c/a>, and Carson has edited four additional books on King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson said King was always a social gospel minister, concerned with human rights as much as civil rights. \"He felt that basic citizenship rights were essential, but not sufficient,\" said Carson. \"Education, health care, employment: Those are basic concerns of most people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King's visits to \u003ca href=\"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/231146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so8kSH8IwIA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a> are well known but less so his 1967 talk at Stanford, entitled \"The Other America.” His speech focused primarily on the evils of systemic racism and economic inequality. \"Millions of young people grow up in the sunlight of opportunity, but tragically and unfortunately there is another America,\" said King. \"This other America has a daily ugliness about it that constantly transforms the buoyancy of hope into the fatigue of despair,\" he told a rapt audience of students and faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYK9xGALPrU]While the Vietnam War was not the main subject of this speech, he had been talking about the conflict in \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/beyond-vietnam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">others\u003c/a> across the county, and the long-time progressive could not help but turn to it again as he neared the end of his remarks. “I submit, if we spend $35 billion a year to fight an ill-considered war in Vietnam and $20 billion to put a man on the moon, our nation can spend billions of dollars to put God's children on their own two feet right here on earth,\" said King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson said King saw the Vietnam War as a costly distraction, both in terms of human lives and resources that could have been devoted to President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs. \"When we look back, I think King thought that was the great mistake of the 1960s, not focusing on these kinds of issues that are still troubling us now,\" Carson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King also showed up to support others protesting the Vietnam War, including local folk singer \u003ca href=\"http://www.joanbaez.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joan Baez\u003c/a>. She was a vocal critic of the war and the draft, and she was arrested with dozens of others in 1967 for blocking the entrance to an armed forces induction center in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King went to visit her in jail and made a few extemporaneous remarks to a crowd of her supporters outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, when you go to jail for a righteous cause, you can accept the inconveniences of jail with a kind of innocence of calm and an inner sense of peace,\" said King. \"I want to make it very clear that I'm going to continue with all of my might, with all of my energy, and with all of my action, to oppose that abominable evil unjust war in Vietnam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hhru_jN8M4E]King added: \"People ask me from time to time, aren’t you getting out of your field? Aren’t you supposed to be working in civil rights? They go on to say the two issues ought not to be mixed. My only answer is I have been working too long and too hard now to end up at this stage of my life segregating my moral concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would go on mixing his moral concerns until he was assassinated a few months later in Memphis, Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In his last years, Martin Luther King Jr. met with enthusiastic crowds in the San Francisco Bay Area several times.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1548113331,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":685},"headData":{"title":"Remembering Martin Luther King Jr.'s Fight Against Poverty and the Vietnam War | KQED","description":"In his last years, Martin Luther King Jr. met with enthusiastic crowds in the San Francisco Bay Area several times.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Remembering Martin Luther King Jr.'s Fight Against Poverty and the Vietnam War","datePublished":"2019-01-21T22:30:47.000Z","dateModified":"2019-01-21T23:28:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11719386 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11719386","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/01/21/remembering-martin-luther-king-jr-s-fight-against-poverty-and-the-vietnam-war/","disqusTitle":"Remembering Martin Luther King Jr.'s Fight Against Poverty and the Vietnam War","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/01/MyrowMLK.mp3","audioTrackLength":119,"path":"/news/11719386/remembering-martin-luther-king-jr-s-fight-against-poverty-and-the-vietnam-war","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr.'s stands on human rights issues including poverty were not as well known as his civil rights issues, but have been well worth noting in remembrance of him, an expert on King's achievements told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayborn Carson, Stanford history professor and founding director of the university’s \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute\u003c/a>, said King visited the San Francisco Bay Area numerous times to speak on human rights issues in the last years of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1985, when he was chosen by Coretta Scott King to edit and publish the papers of her late husband, Carson has devoted most of his professional life to the study of King and the movements he inspired. The \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/about-papers-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">King Papers Project\u003c/a> has produced seven \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/publications/king-papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">volumes\u003c/a>, and Carson has edited four additional books on King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson said King was always a social gospel minister, concerned with human rights as much as civil rights. \"He felt that basic citizenship rights were essential, but not sufficient,\" said Carson. \"Education, health care, employment: Those are basic concerns of most people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King's visits to \u003ca href=\"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/231146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so8kSH8IwIA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a> are well known but less so his 1967 talk at Stanford, entitled \"The Other America.” His speech focused primarily on the evils of systemic racism and economic inequality. \"Millions of young people grow up in the sunlight of opportunity, but tragically and unfortunately there is another America,\" said King. \"This other America has a daily ugliness about it that constantly transforms the buoyancy of hope into the fatigue of despair,\" he told a rapt audience of students and faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/cYK9xGALPrU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/cYK9xGALPrU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>While the Vietnam War was not the main subject of this speech, he had been talking about the conflict in \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/beyond-vietnam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">others\u003c/a> across the county, and the long-time progressive could not help but turn to it again as he neared the end of his remarks. “I submit, if we spend $35 billion a year to fight an ill-considered war in Vietnam and $20 billion to put a man on the moon, our nation can spend billions of dollars to put God's children on their own two feet right here on earth,\" said King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carson said King saw the Vietnam War as a costly distraction, both in terms of human lives and resources that could have been devoted to President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs. \"When we look back, I think King thought that was the great mistake of the 1960s, not focusing on these kinds of issues that are still troubling us now,\" Carson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King also showed up to support others protesting the Vietnam War, including local folk singer \u003ca href=\"http://www.joanbaez.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joan Baez\u003c/a>. She was a vocal critic of the war and the draft, and she was arrested with dozens of others in 1967 for blocking the entrance to an armed forces induction center in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King went to visit her in jail and made a few extemporaneous remarks to a crowd of her supporters outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, when you go to jail for a righteous cause, you can accept the inconveniences of jail with a kind of innocence of calm and an inner sense of peace,\" said King. \"I want to make it very clear that I'm going to continue with all of my might, with all of my energy, and with all of my action, to oppose that abominable evil unjust war in Vietnam.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Hhru_jN8M4E'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Hhru_jN8M4E'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>King added: \"People ask me from time to time, aren’t you getting out of your field? Aren’t you supposed to be working in civil rights? They go on to say the two issues ought not to be mixed. My only answer is I have been working too long and too hard now to end up at this stage of my life segregating my moral concerns.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would go on mixing his moral concerns until he was assassinated a few months later in Memphis, Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11719386/remembering-martin-luther-king-jr-s-fight-against-poverty-and-the-vietnam-war","authors":["251"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_4750","news_20755","news_854","news_2011","news_19216","news_16988","news_1928","news_22646","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11719450","label":"news"},"news_11620038":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11620038","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11620038","score":null,"sort":[1541953850000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-a-teen-and-a-marine-resisted-the-vietnam-war-and-racism-at-home","title":"How a Teen and a Marine Resisted the Vietnam War and Racism at Home","publishDate":1541953850,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Oct. 17, 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Vietnam War era was a period of struggle on many fronts. As the war dragged on with mounting casualties, the nation was torn apart over what many came to see as an unjust campaign. At home, there were bitterly fought battles in the fight for civil rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Injustice at home and abroad became the rallying cry for a movement that formed within the ranks of active-duty GIs to protest the war and racism in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key to the organizing were the coffeehouses, gathering places near military bases that anti-war activists established to help the GIs resist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, GIs could talk openly about their feelings, drink coffee, listen to music and read underground newspapers lampooning military commanders who they said were lying about the war and fostering a racist culture, rife with abuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"inLMKDrNjzGrrlNTj2uQdTLTsAvmkm5b\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That movement of anti-war activists and military personnel grew to include active rebellion from GIs across the country, some refusing to sail ships, others refusing to go into combat or going on strike at their bases. Some service members threw their medals from Vietnam on the steps of the U.S. Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing members of the military openly protest helped turn the tide of public opinion against the Vietnam War. Yet this activism from within the ranks has almost been erased from the historical narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/09/TCRMag20170929aGreenMachine.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/CerdaMansker-1920x1341.jpg\" Title=\"A Teen, A Marine and ‘The Green Machine’: Resisting the Vietnam War and Racism at Home\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the GI coffeehouses was operating in the shadow of Camp Pendleton. It was called The Green Machine, and it's where two people with very different backgrounds and personal histories became best friends and organizers in a fight for justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cliff Mansker was a 17-year-old Marine Corps recruit, filled with pride in the military when he was shipped out to Camp Pendleton in 1967. His dreams of honor were shattered by the reality of a racist military culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mansker says he was beaten and subjected to racial epithets by his commanding officers. His growing anger at the racism within the military made him and other black GIs start to question the whole point of the war in Vietnam, where so many black and brown GIs were dying on the front lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">[BlackUnity]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The GI anti-war movement was closely tied to the Black Power movement. Eventually, black GIs published their own underground newspaper. A front page from 1970 (see page 10) features Cliff Mansker, after he was locked up in the base jail and court-martialed for disobeying orders -- wearing a Black Unity band and challenging his superiors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teresa Cerda was an earnest 16-year-old high school student, the daughter of a farmworker. She started working with the anti-war group Movement for a Democratic Military because she wanted to stand up for her working-class community in Oceanside, where she saw so many of her black and Latino classmates drafted and then killed in the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620180 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff and Teresa lost touch after the war. After KQED found him on Facebook, he returned to Oceanside to see Teresa again after 42 years. They reminisce at the Oceanside pier, home of a historic anti-war march in 1969. GIs openly protesting the Vietnam War led the march. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620185 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At age 16, Teresa Cerda got involved with Movement for a Democratic Military, organizing GIs to stand up against the war. More than 40 years later, she stands on the same corner where she used to leaflet Marines in downtown Oceanside, standing in front of strip joints and bars. She would dress in jeans, boots and army fatigues to downplay her gender. She was trying to convince them to come to The Green Machine coffeehouse, where they could read underground newspapers and talk with peace activists. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11624138 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-800x700.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Mansker was one of very few African-American Marines sent to “cook school” at Camp Lejeune N.C. He returned to Pendleton to feed thousands of Marines returning from Vietnam, or waiting to be shipped out. He was never sent to Vietnam, despite repeatedly volunteering. His brother was serving in Vietnam, and according to military policy, two siblings couldn’t be sent into active combat. But on base, Cliff found himself fighting a different battle, standing up to racism within the Marines. \" width=\"800\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-800x700.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-160x140.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-1020x893.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-1180x1033.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-960x841.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-240x210.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-375x328.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-520x455.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff Mansker was one of very few African-American Marines sent to “cook school” at Camp Lejeune, N.C. He returned to Camp Pendleton to feed thousands of Marines returning from Vietnam, or waiting to be shipped out. He was never sent to Vietnam, despite repeatedly volunteering. His brother was serving in Vietnam, and according to military policy, two siblings couldn’t be sent into active combat. But on base, Cliff found himself fighting a different battle, standing up to racism within the Marines. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cliff Mansker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620191 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Suzie Racho/KQED\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Cliff Mansker and Teresa Cerda today. He’s a Christian pastor in Moreno Valley, with two grown children. She remained in the Oceanside area, and is raising four grandchildren. She says her experience at The Green Machine coffeehouse, listening to Marines share their wartime trauma, led her to a 30-career as a college counselor, working with low-income students. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620192 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-800x1071.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1071\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-800x1071.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-240x321.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-375x502.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-520x696.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut.jpg 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesse Woodard, a young Marine who was shot when the house that served as The Green Machine headquarters in Oceanside was machine-gunned one evening in 1970. He was injured and put in a body cast, but survived. He’s standing in front of the picture window in the front of the house, with the bullet holes still visible. The anti-war activists and GIs opposing the war were vulnerable in Oceanside, a heavily military town where many supported the Vietnam War. Following the attack, organizers fortified the house with sandbags and barbed wire, and took turns on patrol. The Marines involved with the movement taught high schooler Teresa Cerda how to shoot a gun, in case she needed it to defend the house. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tom Hurwitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620194 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Suzie Racho/KQED\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff Mansker and Teresa Cerda say goodbye after spending the day driving around Oceanside, sharing their memories of the GI anti-war movement. Many GIs ended up publicly opposing the Vietnam War. In Cliff and Teresa’s case, they forged a bond that’s lasted decades. “You can be a patriot and an activist as well,” says Cliff, who’s still a proud Marine. “I see the fire in him still, and the gentleness in him,” says Teresa. “I see the fire in his soul.” \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You’ll find all of KQED’s stories about the many ways the Vietnam War affected people in the Bay Area and throughout California at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.kqed.org/vietnamwar\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"At GI coffeehouses, active duty military personnel and anti-war activists could meet and organize against the Vietnam War.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1541966155,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1108},"headData":{"title":"How a Teen and a Marine Resisted the Vietnam War and Racism at Home | KQED","description":"At GI coffeehouses, active duty military personnel and anti-war activists could meet and organize against the Vietnam War.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How a Teen and a Marine Resisted the Vietnam War and Racism at Home","datePublished":"2018-11-11T16:30:50.000Z","dateModified":"2018-11-11T19:55:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11620038 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11620038","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/11/11/how-a-teen-and-a-marine-resisted-the-vietnam-war-and-racism-at-home/","disqusTitle":"How a Teen and a Marine Resisted the Vietnam War and Racism at Home","audioTrackLength":1136,"path":"/news/11620038/how-a-teen-and-a-marine-resisted-the-vietnam-war-and-racism-at-home","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/09/TCRMag20170929aGreenMachine.mp3","audioDuration":1138000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Oct. 17, 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Vietnam War era was a period of struggle on many fronts. As the war dragged on with mounting casualties, the nation was torn apart over what many came to see as an unjust campaign. At home, there were bitterly fought battles in the fight for civil rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Injustice at home and abroad became the rallying cry for a movement that formed within the ranks of active-duty GIs to protest the war and racism in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key to the organizing were the coffeehouses, gathering places near military bases that anti-war activists established to help the GIs resist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, GIs could talk openly about their feelings, drink coffee, listen to music and read underground newspapers lampooning military commanders who they said were lying about the war and fostering a racist culture, rife with abuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That movement of anti-war activists and military personnel grew to include active rebellion from GIs across the country, some refusing to sail ships, others refusing to go into combat or going on strike at their bases. Some service members threw their medals from Vietnam on the steps of the U.S. Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing members of the military openly protest helped turn the tide of public opinion against the Vietnam War. Yet this activism from within the ranks has almost been erased from the historical narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/09/TCRMag20170929aGreenMachine.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/CerdaMansker-1920x1341.jpg","title":"A Teen, A Marine and ‘The Green Machine’: Resisting the Vietnam War and Racism at Home","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the GI coffeehouses was operating in the shadow of Camp Pendleton. It was called The Green Machine, and it's where two people with very different backgrounds and personal histories became best friends and organizers in a fight for justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cliff Mansker was a 17-year-old Marine Corps recruit, filled with pride in the military when he was shipped out to Camp Pendleton in 1967. His dreams of honor were shattered by the reality of a racist military culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mansker says he was beaten and subjected to racial epithets by his commanding officers. His growing anger at the racism within the military made him and other black GIs start to question the whole point of the war in Vietnam, where so many black and brown GIs were dying on the front lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">[BlackUnity]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The GI anti-war movement was closely tied to the Black Power movement. Eventually, black GIs published their own underground newspaper. A front page from 1970 (see page 10) features Cliff Mansker, after he was locked up in the base jail and court-martialed for disobeying orders -- wearing a Black Unity band and challenging his superiors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teresa Cerda was an earnest 16-year-old high school student, the daughter of a farmworker. She started working with the anti-war group Movement for a Democratic Military because she wanted to stand up for her working-class community in Oceanside, where she saw so many of her black and Latino classmates drafted and then killed in the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620180 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27097_Cliff-and-Teresa-soundcloud-image-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff and Teresa lost touch after the war. After KQED found him on Facebook, he returned to Oceanside to see Teresa again after 42 years. They reminisce at the Oceanside pier, home of a historic anti-war march in 1969. GIs openly protesting the Vietnam War led the march. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620185 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27115_Teresa-leafletting-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At age 16, Teresa Cerda got involved with Movement for a Democratic Military, organizing GIs to stand up against the war. More than 40 years later, she stands on the same corner where she used to leaflet Marines in downtown Oceanside, standing in front of strip joints and bars. She would dress in jeans, boots and army fatigues to downplay her gender. She was trying to convince them to come to The Green Machine coffeehouse, where they could read underground newspapers and talk with peace activists. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11624138 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-800x700.jpg\" alt=\"Cliff Mansker was one of very few African-American Marines sent to “cook school” at Camp Lejeune N.C. He returned to Pendleton to feed thousands of Marines returning from Vietnam, or waiting to be shipped out. He was never sent to Vietnam, despite repeatedly volunteering. His brother was serving in Vietnam, and according to military policy, two siblings couldn’t be sent into active combat. But on base, Cliff found himself fighting a different battle, standing up to racism within the Marines. \" width=\"800\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-800x700.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-160x140.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-1020x893.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-1180x1033.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-960x841.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-240x210.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-375x328.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/TeenMarineArchive-520x455.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff Mansker was one of very few African-American Marines sent to “cook school” at Camp Lejeune, N.C. He returned to Camp Pendleton to feed thousands of Marines returning from Vietnam, or waiting to be shipped out. He was never sent to Vietnam, despite repeatedly volunteering. His brother was serving in Vietnam, and according to military policy, two siblings couldn’t be sent into active combat. But on base, Cliff found himself fighting a different battle, standing up to racism within the Marines. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cliff Mansker)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620191 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Suzie Racho/KQED\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27098_Cliff-and-Teresa-today-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Cliff Mansker and Teresa Cerda today. He’s a Christian pastor in Moreno Valley, with two grown children. She remained in the Oceanside area, and is raising four grandchildren. She says her experience at The Green Machine coffeehouse, listening to Marines share their wartime trauma, led her to a 30-career as a college counselor, working with low-income students. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620192 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-800x1071.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1071\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-800x1071.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-240x321.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-375x502.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut-520x696.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27071_JesseWoodard-qut.jpg 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jesse Woodard, a young Marine who was shot when the house that served as The Green Machine headquarters in Oceanside was machine-gunned one evening in 1970. He was injured and put in a body cast, but survived. He’s standing in front of the picture window in the front of the house, with the bullet holes still visible. The anti-war activists and GIs opposing the war were vulnerable in Oceanside, a heavily military town where many supported the Vietnam War. Following the attack, organizers fortified the house with sandbags and barbed wire, and took turns on patrol. The Marines involved with the movement taught high schooler Teresa Cerda how to shoot a gun, in case she needed it to defend the house. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tom Hurwitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620194 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Suzie Racho/KQED\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27099_Cliff-and-Teresa-say-goodbye-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliff Mansker and Teresa Cerda say goodbye after spending the day driving around Oceanside, sharing their memories of the GI anti-war movement. Many GIs ended up publicly opposing the Vietnam War. In Cliff and Teresa’s case, they forged a bond that’s lasted decades. “You can be a patriot and an activist as well,” says Cliff, who’s still a proud Marine. “I see the fire in him still, and the gentleness in him,” says Teresa. “I see the fire in his soul.” \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You’ll find all of KQED’s stories about the many ways the Vietnam War affected people in the Bay Area and throughout California at \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/vietnamwar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.kqed.org/vietnamwar\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11620038/how-a-teen-and-a-marine-resisted-the-vietnam-war-and-racism-at-home","authors":["254"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_21710","news_21708","news_21713","news_17286","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11620762","label":"news_72"},"news_11640898":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11640898","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11640898","score":null,"sort":[1515541243000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hmong-veterans-ask-congress-for-right-to-burial-in-national-cemeteries","title":"Hmong Veterans Ask Congress for Right to Burial in National Cemeteries","publishDate":1515541243,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Hmong people fought alongside American soldiers against Communist forces during the Vietnam War. When the U.S. pulled out of the region, their Hmong allies were left to fend for themselves. Knowing that staying in Laos meant their deaths, many fled across the Mekong River into Thailand before immigrating to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never dreamt that I would be here in the United States,” said Cheruchia Vang, a Hmong veteran. “It suddenly happened. United States pulls out its troops from Asia and then we have no choice. We never thought that we should be here and my children would not be born here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vang served as a paymaster during the war, traveling to the front lines to pay soldiers. One of his worst memories, and a frequent nightmare, is the day he was captured by North Vietnamese forces. He was able to escape, but the experiences are always with him. Vang said he and other Laotian veterans deserve to be honored for their service during the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We contributed. We sacrificed our life on behalf of the United States soldier,” Vang said. \"So they should treat us the same way as they treat American soldier here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11641114\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11641114\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Vang, Mao Vang, Mouying Her and Cheruchia Vang (L-R) are calling on Congress to honor Hmong veterans with the right to be buried in national cemeteries.\" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-1020x651.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-1180x753.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-960x613.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-375x239.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Vang, Mao Vang, Mouying Her and Cheruchia Vang (L-R) are calling on Congress to honor Hmong veterans with the right to be buried in national cemeteries. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vang is one of the thousands of Hmong veterans asking Congress to pass a bill introduced by Central Valley congressman Jim Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/4716?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22H.R.+4716%22%5D%7D&r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hmong Veterans’ Service Recognition Act\u003c/a> would give Hmong veterans the right to be buried in national cemeteries. Along with that benefit would come some assistance with burial costs and grave maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The financial burden for anyone preparing for a funeral is a big deal,” said another Hmong veteran, Mao Vang, through an interpreter. (Vang is a common name in the Hmong community, but none of the Vangs in this story are related by blood.) “Those who are elder, it’s a big burden to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Costa has introduced similar measures four other times, but this time the legislation has bipartisan support in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"U1cR0riHWTeohZRrwF7Gdw3gCm96gdtd\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hmong veterans in Fresno say they lost their friends, family and homeland. Their numbers are dwindling as veterans die from old age and war wounds. Those who survive desperately want to be recognized for their service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know how hard it is,” said Peter Vang, executive director of Lao Veterans of America. “You came here. You don’t speak the language. You don’t know the culture. You suffer every day, not to mention all the war trauma you went through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Vang is not a veteran himself, but he immigrated to the U.S. at 15 with his father, who was a veteran. At \u003ca href=\"http://www.laoveterans.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lao Veterans of America\u003c/a>, he advocates on behalf of veterans and helps connect them to services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He still remembers life during the war, when he never knew if his father would walk in the door, alive and well, or if he’d come home in a body bag. Now his father is aging and doesn’t want to die before he knows he’ll be honored in the same way as his American brothers.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Thousands of Hmong veterans of the Vietnam War are calling on Congress to recognize their service with burial benefits.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515545279,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":573},"headData":{"title":"Hmong Veterans Ask Congress for Right to Burial in National Cemeteries | KQED","description":"Thousands of Hmong veterans of the Vietnam War are calling on Congress to recognize their service with burial benefits.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Hmong Veterans Ask Congress for Right to Burial in National Cemeteries","datePublished":"2018-01-09T23:40:43.000Z","dateModified":"2018-01-10T00:47:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11640898 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11640898","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/09/hmong-veterans-ask-congress-for-right-to-burial-in-national-cemeteries/","disqusTitle":"Hmong Veterans Ask Congress for Right to Burial in National Cemeteries","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/01/HmongVetsSchwartz180108.mp3","path":"/news/11640898/hmong-veterans-ask-congress-for-right-to-burial-in-national-cemeteries","audioDuration":87000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Hmong people fought alongside American soldiers against Communist forces during the Vietnam War. When the U.S. pulled out of the region, their Hmong allies were left to fend for themselves. Knowing that staying in Laos meant their deaths, many fled across the Mekong River into Thailand before immigrating to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never dreamt that I would be here in the United States,” said Cheruchia Vang, a Hmong veteran. “It suddenly happened. United States pulls out its troops from Asia and then we have no choice. We never thought that we should be here and my children would not be born here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vang served as a paymaster during the war, traveling to the front lines to pay soldiers. One of his worst memories, and a frequent nightmare, is the day he was captured by North Vietnamese forces. He was able to escape, but the experiences are always with him. Vang said he and other Laotian veterans deserve to be honored for their service during the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We contributed. We sacrificed our life on behalf of the United States soldier,” Vang said. \"So they should treat us the same way as they treat American soldier here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11641114\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11641114\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Vang, Mao Vang, Mouying Her and Cheruchia Vang (L-R) are calling on Congress to honor Hmong veterans with the right to be buried in national cemeteries.\" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-1020x651.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-1180x753.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-960x613.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-375x239.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/HmongVets-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Vang, Mao Vang, Mouying Her and Cheruchia Vang (L-R) are calling on Congress to honor Hmong veterans with the right to be buried in national cemeteries. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vang is one of the thousands of Hmong veterans asking Congress to pass a bill introduced by Central Valley congressman Jim Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/4716?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22H.R.+4716%22%5D%7D&r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hmong Veterans’ Service Recognition Act\u003c/a> would give Hmong veterans the right to be buried in national cemeteries. Along with that benefit would come some assistance with burial costs and grave maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The financial burden for anyone preparing for a funeral is a big deal,” said another Hmong veteran, Mao Vang, through an interpreter. (Vang is a common name in the Hmong community, but none of the Vangs in this story are related by blood.) “Those who are elder, it’s a big burden to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Costa has introduced similar measures four other times, but this time the legislation has bipartisan support in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hmong veterans in Fresno say they lost their friends, family and homeland. Their numbers are dwindling as veterans die from old age and war wounds. Those who survive desperately want to be recognized for their service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know how hard it is,” said Peter Vang, executive director of Lao Veterans of America. “You came here. You don’t speak the language. You don’t know the culture. You suffer every day, not to mention all the war trauma you went through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Vang is not a veteran himself, but he immigrated to the U.S. at 15 with his father, who was a veteran. At \u003ca href=\"http://www.laoveterans.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lao Veterans of America\u003c/a>, he advocates on behalf of veterans and helps connect them to services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He still remembers life during the war, when he never knew if his father would walk in the door, alive and well, or if he’d come home in a body bag. Now his father is aging and doesn’t want to die before he knows he’ll be honored in the same way as his American brothers.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11640898/hmong-veterans-ask-congress-for-right-to-burial-in-national-cemeteries","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_37","news_20632","news_19940","news_17286","news_237","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11641081","label":"news_72"},"news_11624256":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11624256","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11624256","score":null,"sort":[1512234932000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"we-made-it-by-praying-to-everybody","title":"'We Made It by Praying to Everybody'","publishDate":1512234932,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called \"Faces of the Vietnam War.\" KQED recently asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more. This story comes from Oakland resident Sonny Lê, who was born in South Vietnam during the war.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up in the Mekong Delta. You could say that's the deep, deep south. Back in the days, it would take you about six hours to travel from Saigon, or Ho Chi Minh City, to the Mekong Delta region along the coast bordering Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the southern hideout area of the National Liberation Front, or Viet Cong. We used to have a saying: “Day and night.” We literally meant who was who. So daytime belonged to the Republicans -- that would be the U.S.-backed regime, South Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nighttime was when it belonged to the National Liberation Front guerrillas. At night, they came home to see their wives, their kids. And then during the day they disappeared again. I mean, you couldn't tell who the enemies were. Basically the American soldier couldn’t, even the Vietnamese couldn't tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout my childhood the war was the backdrop, because my father was working for the government. He was a communications officer for the U.S. and for the Vietnamese military. So the war was always part of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until 1975, Vietnam wasn't at peace for centuries. By the time the U.S. got involved in Vietnam, it was called the Second Indochinese War. The first one was with the French. In Vietnam, at that point, we were so inured to the sounds of war that we simply said, “Yeah, but it's over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624400\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11624400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-800x459.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-800x459.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-160x92.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-1020x585.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-1920x1102.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-1180x677.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-960x551.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-240x138.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-375x215.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-520x298.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On the left is the house where Sonny Lê lived with his family in 1975. On the right, a Cao Đài Buddhist temple founded by his grandmother, photographed in 2015. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sonny Lê)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For kids, war is a lot of fun. We helped carry these shells for fun because, within these shells, you have these gunpowder pellets. They look just like fish feed pellets and they were fantastic! You take a little bit of aluminum foil, you wrap it around, you light it up and whoosh! It's like the gunpowder pellets were out of firecrackers and fireworks. The soldiers would give them to us, the kids, to play with. That was our reward for helping the soldiers carrying those shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'The worst thing about artillery is that they land where they land.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sonny Lê, Vietnamese refugee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>April 30 is considered the day that the country was reunified. That night, we heard on the radio that the national radio broadcast was cut off -- radio silence. South Vietnam had lost; the country basically was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The night of April 30, we heard sporadic gunfire. Back in those days, nearly every house had a bomb shelter. It was basically a big earthen pot underneath the ground and we all got in there, under the bed. We were hiding in that pot and we heard footsteps running back and forth on the road and then we heard sounds of tires screeching -- the former South Vietnamese soldiers running away, or being chased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You thought, “We're going to die,” because the biggest fear at that point was bombings or artillery. The worst thing about artillery is that they land where they land. They don't have names on those shells and so they just could land anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't think my father came home until a week later. We thought he either died or [was] captured during the chaos. The very people who came to relieve my father were his drinking buddies, but they were undercover commies. On May 1, he was their captive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My dad's brothers-in-law -- two of them were commies, too, and we didn't know until after the war. One of them was a high-ranking member. The other was running guns for the National Liberation Front. The Vietnam War divided families and family members were fighting on both sides, sometimes against each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I left I was going on 17, so I was that close to drafting age. Vietnam was fighting two wars: in the north with China, in the south with Cambodia. At the time Vietnam was broken, economically speaking, and Vietnam was in a panic. So any Vietnamese, even northerners, had to flee for their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624407\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11624407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-1020x1516.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"951\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-1020x1516.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-160x238.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-800x1189.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-960x1427.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-240x357.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-375x557.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-520x773.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonny Lê's father (center) and uncles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sonny Lê)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My boat left in 1980, with some cousins, and then subsequently there was another boat planned for 1981 that would have been my uncles and possibly my family, but that boat got caught. They got busted, and so they went to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people went to jail and [got] tortured pretty good, but thankfully some of our family members were part of the communist regime so they rescued their own brothers-in-law. So that's how I ended up here without my family. That wasn't intentional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing is that most refugees who fled by boat had no idea where we were headed. I mean, if you look on the map, in theory you could see the other side, right? I mean, on a map it looks hella small! If we keep going we're going to hit shore, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you have no idea how vast the ocean is. It's scary vast and when you go out, so far out when there is no land, the depth of the ocean is as far as the eye can see. You’re scared, but you stop being scared because you know death was imminent. When your death [is] imminent, you’re just trying to reconcile with death. We made it by praying to everybody. If Prince was around, I would have prayed to him, too!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our boat had 302 people on board and it was steaming hot. And we hired a captain who claimed to have traveled the high seas and he had seen the other side -- of course, he fibbed. By the second day we snuck out of the river mouth, heading for the South China Sea. That was on the night of the 19th of May, 1980. That night was pitch black, no moon. It was low tide, but we didn't know we ran into fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fishermen would string these big nets in the river mouth to catch the fish going out. The boat kept going in a circle, because the nets kept drawing us back. So we put the engine pedal to the metal, to the point that we broke the nets. But we also cracked the hull of the boat and broke the engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'We didn't think we'd make it.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sonny Lê, Vietnamese refugee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By the morning we were already adrift at sea. The thing about [being] adrift at sea is that you begin to see debris, and that's when we saw the debris of all the boats that may have sunk. And then we saw some bodies floating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We didn't think we'd make it. It's like 100 degrees -- sun, humidity, stifling heat in the boat. The smell of sweat, urine, vomit and fecal matter together. It smells horrible and I can still smell that in my nostrils. I call it the stench of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then towards the morning of the sixth day, there was this gigantic ship -- turned out to be an oil tanker. That was the George F. Getty II. We're screaming at the top of our lungs. We would strip our clothes down all the way and we burned them in this big old pot on top of the deck of the boat. Hopefully, we [could] raise hell and people [would] see and turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 285px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11624396 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw.jpeg 285w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw-160x225.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw-240x337.jpeg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author in a refugee camp in Singapore, May 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sonny Lê)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of a sudden, it stopped and made a U-turn. But that was even scarier, when that little tiny wooden boat [was] next to the ship -- it makes quite an impression. Our boat nearly sank because of the waves in the wake of that ship. About 5 a.m., the ship dropped these ladders down to our boat. That's when we knew that we were safe: when the ladders came down and the deckhands of the oil tanker came down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a Filipino crew and the ship captain was Italian. The next day we had our spaghetti with meatballs on that ship! They turned the tanker around and it dropped us off in Singapore the next morning, on the sixth day after we had left Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some of us didn't make it. A lot of people, when they were adrift at sea for so long, they resorted to cannibalism. A lot of Vietnamese refugees ate each other to survive. And the most harrowing experience was the women were being raped by pirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war not only decimated lives and livelihoods, but also it forced people to come up with different narratives for their own lives. Many of us were farmers, fishers, nobodies. So when we landed in America we had a chance to reinvent who we were. A lot of Vietnamese families have these stories that haven't been told. Whoever they were before the war and during the war -- to their kids, they're different people. The war made them want to forget what it was like. This is understandable, but it's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Bert Johnson and Bianca Taylor produced this report. \u003c/em>\u003cem>This piece was taken from an interview with Lê, which has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Sonny Lê was born in the Mekong Delta region during the Vietnam War. When he was 16, he was forced to flee the country by boat.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1512174037,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1647},"headData":{"title":"'We Made It by Praying to Everybody' | KQED","description":"Sonny Lê was born in the Mekong Delta region during the Vietnam War. When he was 16, he was forced to flee the country by boat.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'We Made It by Praying to Everybody'","datePublished":"2017-12-02T17:15:32.000Z","dateModified":"2017-12-02T00:20:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11624256 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11624256","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/02/we-made-it-by-praying-to-everybody/","disqusTitle":"'We Made It by Praying to Everybody'","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Sonny Lê\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11624256/we-made-it-by-praying-to-everybody","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a series called \"Faces of the Vietnam War.\" KQED recently asked our audience to submit their stories about the Vietnam War. We heard from refugees, military veterans, journalists, activists and more. This story comes from Oakland resident Sonny Lê, who was born in South Vietnam during the war.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up in the Mekong Delta. You could say that's the deep, deep south. Back in the days, it would take you about six hours to travel from Saigon, or Ho Chi Minh City, to the Mekong Delta region along the coast bordering Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the southern hideout area of the National Liberation Front, or Viet Cong. We used to have a saying: “Day and night.” We literally meant who was who. So daytime belonged to the Republicans -- that would be the U.S.-backed regime, South Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nighttime was when it belonged to the National Liberation Front guerrillas. At night, they came home to see their wives, their kids. And then during the day they disappeared again. I mean, you couldn't tell who the enemies were. Basically the American soldier couldn’t, even the Vietnamese couldn't tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout my childhood the war was the backdrop, because my father was working for the government. He was a communications officer for the U.S. and for the Vietnamese military. So the war was always part of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until 1975, Vietnam wasn't at peace for centuries. By the time the U.S. got involved in Vietnam, it was called the Second Indochinese War. The first one was with the French. In Vietnam, at that point, we were so inured to the sounds of war that we simply said, “Yeah, but it's over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624400\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11624400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-800x459.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-800x459.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-160x92.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-1020x585.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-1920x1102.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-1180x677.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-960x551.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-240x138.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-375x215.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/temple-520x298.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On the left is the house where Sonny Lê lived with his family in 1975. On the right, a Cao Đài Buddhist temple founded by his grandmother, photographed in 2015. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sonny Lê)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For kids, war is a lot of fun. We helped carry these shells for fun because, within these shells, you have these gunpowder pellets. They look just like fish feed pellets and they were fantastic! You take a little bit of aluminum foil, you wrap it around, you light it up and whoosh! It's like the gunpowder pellets were out of firecrackers and fireworks. The soldiers would give them to us, the kids, to play with. That was our reward for helping the soldiers carrying those shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'The worst thing about artillery is that they land where they land.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sonny Lê, Vietnamese refugee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>April 30 is considered the day that the country was reunified. That night, we heard on the radio that the national radio broadcast was cut off -- radio silence. South Vietnam had lost; the country basically was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The night of April 30, we heard sporadic gunfire. Back in those days, nearly every house had a bomb shelter. It was basically a big earthen pot underneath the ground and we all got in there, under the bed. We were hiding in that pot and we heard footsteps running back and forth on the road and then we heard sounds of tires screeching -- the former South Vietnamese soldiers running away, or being chased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You thought, “We're going to die,” because the biggest fear at that point was bombings or artillery. The worst thing about artillery is that they land where they land. They don't have names on those shells and so they just could land anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't think my father came home until a week later. We thought he either died or [was] captured during the chaos. The very people who came to relieve my father were his drinking buddies, but they were undercover commies. On May 1, he was their captive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My dad's brothers-in-law -- two of them were commies, too, and we didn't know until after the war. One of them was a high-ranking member. The other was running guns for the National Liberation Front. The Vietnam War divided families and family members were fighting on both sides, sometimes against each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I left I was going on 17, so I was that close to drafting age. Vietnam was fighting two wars: in the north with China, in the south with Cambodia. At the time Vietnam was broken, economically speaking, and Vietnam was in a panic. So any Vietnamese, even northerners, had to flee for their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624407\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11624407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-1020x1516.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"951\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-1020x1516.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-160x238.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-800x1189.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-960x1427.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-240x357.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-375x557.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1-520x773.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/SCAN0037-1.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonny Lê's father (center) and uncles. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sonny Lê)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My boat left in 1980, with some cousins, and then subsequently there was another boat planned for 1981 that would have been my uncles and possibly my family, but that boat got caught. They got busted, and so they went to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people went to jail and [got] tortured pretty good, but thankfully some of our family members were part of the communist regime so they rescued their own brothers-in-law. So that's how I ended up here without my family. That wasn't intentional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing is that most refugees who fled by boat had no idea where we were headed. I mean, if you look on the map, in theory you could see the other side, right? I mean, on a map it looks hella small! If we keep going we're going to hit shore, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you have no idea how vast the ocean is. It's scary vast and when you go out, so far out when there is no land, the depth of the ocean is as far as the eye can see. You’re scared, but you stop being scared because you know death was imminent. When your death [is] imminent, you’re just trying to reconcile with death. We made it by praying to everybody. If Prince was around, I would have prayed to him, too!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our boat had 302 people on board and it was steaming hot. And we hired a captain who claimed to have traveled the high seas and he had seen the other side -- of course, he fibbed. By the second day we snuck out of the river mouth, heading for the South China Sea. That was on the night of the 19th of May, 1980. That night was pitch black, no moon. It was low tide, but we didn't know we ran into fishing nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fishermen would string these big nets in the river mouth to catch the fish going out. The boat kept going in a circle, because the nets kept drawing us back. So we put the engine pedal to the metal, to the point that we broke the nets. But we also cracked the hull of the boat and broke the engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'We didn't think we'd make it.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sonny Lê, Vietnamese refugee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By the morning we were already adrift at sea. The thing about [being] adrift at sea is that you begin to see debris, and that's when we saw the debris of all the boats that may have sunk. And then we saw some bodies floating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We didn't think we'd make it. It's like 100 degrees -- sun, humidity, stifling heat in the boat. The smell of sweat, urine, vomit and fecal matter together. It smells horrible and I can still smell that in my nostrils. I call it the stench of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then towards the morning of the sixth day, there was this gigantic ship -- turned out to be an oil tanker. That was the George F. Getty II. We're screaming at the top of our lungs. We would strip our clothes down all the way and we burned them in this big old pot on top of the deck of the boat. Hopefully, we [could] raise hell and people [would] see and turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11624396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 285px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11624396 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw.jpeg 285w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw-160x225.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/1Css9jgkQb48dd8UZSFwZuw-240x337.jpeg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The author in a refugee camp in Singapore, May 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Sonny Lê)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of a sudden, it stopped and made a U-turn. But that was even scarier, when that little tiny wooden boat [was] next to the ship -- it makes quite an impression. Our boat nearly sank because of the waves in the wake of that ship. About 5 a.m., the ship dropped these ladders down to our boat. That's when we knew that we were safe: when the ladders came down and the deckhands of the oil tanker came down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a Filipino crew and the ship captain was Italian. The next day we had our spaghetti with meatballs on that ship! They turned the tanker around and it dropped us off in Singapore the next morning, on the sixth day after we had left Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some of us didn't make it. A lot of people, when they were adrift at sea for so long, they resorted to cannibalism. A lot of Vietnamese refugees ate each other to survive. And the most harrowing experience was the women were being raped by pirates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war not only decimated lives and livelihoods, but also it forced people to come up with different narratives for their own lives. Many of us were farmers, fishers, nobodies. So when we landed in America we had a chance to reinvent who we were. A lot of Vietnamese families have these stories that haven't been told. Whoever they were before the war and during the war -- to their kids, they're different people. The war made them want to forget what it was like. This is understandable, but it's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Bert Johnson and Bianca Taylor produced this report. \u003c/em>\u003cem>This piece was taken from an interview with Lê, which has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11624256/we-made-it-by-praying-to-everybody","authors":["byline_news_11624256"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_17708","news_20463","news_17286","news_21633","news_5067","news_20043"],"featImg":"news_11624315","label":"news_72"},"news_11632075":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11632075","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11632075","score":null,"sort":[1510970397000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"congressman-ro-khanna-gop-tax-plan-and-sexual-harrassment-uss-hornet-vietnam-town-hall","title":"Congressman Ro Khanna, GOP Tax Plan and Sexual Harrassment, USS Hornet Vietnam Town Hall","publishDate":1510970397,"format":"video","headTitle":"KQED Newsroom | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":7052,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cb>Congressman Ro Khanna Interview\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A conversation with Rep. Ro Khanna of California’s 17\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> District on GOP tax reform efforts, why he wants to see a challenger enter the ring against longtime incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein, and the role of social media in influencing presidential elections.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Political Analysis: Sexual Harassment in Government, GOP Tax Bill and Trump’s Asia Trip\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of lawmakers accused of sexual harassment has been steadily growing, with Al Franken the latest addition to the roster. This week, Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) introduced legislation to require more training on Capitol Hill. We also get reaction to the GOP tax bill and discuss President Trump’s trip to Asia.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aimee Allison, Color in Democracy president\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Definers Public Affairs partner\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Vietnam War Town Hall on the USS Hornet\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Decades after the Vietnam War concluded, its legacy lingers in the hearts and minds of many in the Bay Area. KQED and the USS Hornet recently co-hosted a town hall meeting to reflect on the conflict and its aftermath, which claimed the lives of nearly 60,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam. We went to the town hall to hear from community leaders, veterans and activists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A conversation with U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna of California’s 17th District on GOP tax reform efforts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1511820663,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":225},"headData":{"title":"Congressman Ro Khanna, GOP Tax Plan and Sexual Harrassment, USS Hornet Vietnam Town Hall | KQED","description":"A conversation with U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna of California’s 17th District on GOP tax reform efforts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Congressman Ro Khanna, GOP Tax Plan and Sexual Harrassment, USS Hornet Vietnam Town Hall","datePublished":"2017-11-18T01:59:57.000Z","dateModified":"2017-11-27T22:11:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11632075 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11632075","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/17/congressman-ro-khanna-gop-tax-plan-and-sexual-harrassment-uss-hornet-vietnam-town-hall/","disqusTitle":"Congressman Ro Khanna, GOP Tax Plan and Sexual Harrassment, USS Hornet Vietnam Town Hall","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/cyHuMNPInME","path":"/news/11632075/congressman-ro-khanna-gop-tax-plan-and-sexual-harrassment-uss-hornet-vietnam-town-hall","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Congressman Ro Khanna Interview\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A conversation with Rep. Ro Khanna of California’s 17\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> District on GOP tax reform efforts, why he wants to see a challenger enter the ring against longtime incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein, and the role of social media in influencing presidential elections.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Political Analysis: Sexual Harassment in Government, GOP Tax Bill and Trump’s Asia Trip\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of lawmakers accused of sexual harassment has been steadily growing, with Al Franken the latest addition to the roster. This week, Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) introduced legislation to require more training on Capitol Hill. We also get reaction to the GOP tax bill and discuss President Trump’s trip to Asia.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aimee Allison, Color in Democracy president\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Definers Public Affairs partner\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Vietnam War Town Hall on the USS Hornet\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Decades after the Vietnam War concluded, its legacy lingers in the hearts and minds of many in the Bay Area. KQED and the USS Hornet recently co-hosted a town hall meeting to reflect on the conflict and its aftermath, which claimed the lives of nearly 60,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam. We went to the town hall to hear from community leaders, veterans and activists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11632075/congressman-ro-khanna-gop-tax-plan-and-sexual-harrassment-uss-hornet-vietnam-town-hall","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_7052"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_22019","news_274","news_22036","news_602","news_5579","news_20297","news_20052","news_19177","news_20481","news_6238","news_353","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11632076","label":"news_7052"},"news_11626361":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11626361","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11626361","score":null,"sort":[1509059399000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"surfing-heals-the-wounds-of-war","title":"Surfing Heals the Wounds of War","publishDate":1509059399,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Surfing still helps Vietnam veterans heal the wounds of war: \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/25/how-surfing-still-helps-vietnam-veterans-heal-wounds-of-war/\">It's a lot like going to therapy\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 40 years after returning from the Vietnam War, veterans touted the benefits of surfing as they gathered in Oceanside for the California Surf Museum's new exhibit, “\u003ca href=\"https://surfmuseum.org/events/china-beach-surfers-vietnam-war-healing-power-wave-riding/\">China Beach: Surfers, the Vietnam War and the Healing of Wave-Riding\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vietnam offered soldiers a chance to surf while deployed overseas -- and while there's no surfing in Afghanistan and Iraq, I'm sure there are plenty of recent veterans who are hitting the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Surfing still helps Vietnam veterans heal the wounds of war: 'It's a lot like going to therapy.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1509059399,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":97},"headData":{"title":"Surfing Heals the Wounds of War | KQED","description":"Surfing still helps Vietnam veterans heal the wounds of war: 'It's a lot like going to therapy.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Surfing Heals the Wounds of War","datePublished":"2017-10-26T23:09:59.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-26T23:09:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11626361 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11626361","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/26/surfing-heals-the-wounds-of-war/","disqusTitle":"Surfing Heals the Wounds of War","path":"/news/11626361/surfing-heals-the-wounds-of-war","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Surfing still helps Vietnam veterans heal the wounds of war: \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/25/how-surfing-still-helps-vietnam-veterans-heal-wounds-of-war/\">It's a lot like going to therapy\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 40 years after returning from the Vietnam War, veterans touted the benefits of surfing as they gathered in Oceanside for the California Surf Museum's new exhibit, “\u003ca href=\"https://surfmuseum.org/events/china-beach-surfers-vietnam-war-healing-power-wave-riding/\">China Beach: Surfers, the Vietnam War and the Healing of Wave-Riding\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vietnam offered soldiers a chance to surf while deployed overseas -- and while there's no surfing in Afghanistan and Iraq, I'm sure there are plenty of recent veterans who are hitting the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11626361/surfing-heals-the-wounds-of-war","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_223","news_457","news_8","news_10"],"tags":["news_20150","news_20949","news_2109","news_2139","news_1071","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11626377","label":"news_18515"},"news_11620160":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11620160","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11620160","score":null,"sort":[1508977838000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-surfing-still-helps-vietnam-veterans-heal-wounds-of-war","title":"How Surfing Still Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal Wounds of War","publishDate":1508977838,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://surfmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Surf Museum\u003c/a> sits a few blocks from a white sandy beach in Oceanside. The small, modest-looking building is packed inside with history and artifacts dating back to the origins of the sport in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent visit, Ron White, Rick Matthews and Dan Eichstedt checked out a yellow Hobie longboard that Eichstedt brought in as a donation to a new exhibit, \"\u003ca href=\"https://surfmuseum.org/events/china-beach-surfers-vietnam-war-healing-power-wave-riding/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China Beach: Surfers, the Vietnam War and the Healing Power of Wave-Riding\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of soldiers standing on beaches, vintage 9-foot wooden boards suspended from the ceiling and text with firsthand accounts from veterans surround them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's even a replica of the beach shack at \u003ca href=\"http://chinabeachsurfclub.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China Beach Surf Club\u003c/a>, named after a particular beach in Vietnam where GIs took a break from combat to rest and relax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/TCRamSurfingVets.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5120-1180x885.jpg\" Title=\"How Surfing Still Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal Wounds of War\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews, White and Eichstedt grew up in different Southern California cities but they all spent their teenage youth surfing the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a cool kind of thing,” says White, who served in the Army from 1969 to 1972. “The girls kind of dug it.\" Eichstedt and Matthews chuckle in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Surfing was my cornerstone of my life before I left for Vietnam,” says Matthews, who was drafted in 1969. “I thought about it in Vietnam.” He remembers getting to surf only once along the coast of Vietnam during R&R.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eichstedt served in the Navy and was mostly on the water. But he says he brought his Hobie board with him when he went on land in search of waves along the coastline in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men said they never heard of other troops surfing during the war. They thought they were alone. Matthew says surfing was something he kept to himself, because there were other more serious things to worry about, like trying to stay alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Veterans Share Surfing Memories\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The exhibit was compiled over two years, and during that time many other vets began to contribute stories of their experiences, says museum historian Jane Schmauss. They, too, were unaware so many others were surfing in Vietnam during the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 60 veterans were interviewed for the exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning Vietnam veterans came home to a country torn apart over the war. Many veterans were treated horribly, sometimes they were even physically assaulted. So they often kept quiet about their time overseas and were unable to address their post-traumatic stress disorders from combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are things in Vietnam that I will never forget,” says White. \"There’s certainly nothing to brag about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, this exhibit, along with surfing, has helped to heal emotional and physical wounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the three men never crossed paths on the beaches of Southern California or in Vietnam, they all hit the water as soon as they returned home to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing else matters. You are just sitting there with the wave,” says White. “Just enjoying it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews says he hopped into his VW bus and drove to the beach when he arrived home in 1971. “Being in the ocean is therapeutic: the solitude, the flow of the waves,” he adds. “It’s a lot like going to therapy.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An exhibit at the California Surf Museum gathers artifacts and firsthand accounts from veterans who surfed in-country during the Vietnam War.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1509059446,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":599},"headData":{"title":"How Surfing Still Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal Wounds of War | KQED","description":"An exhibit at the California Surf Museum gathers artifacts and firsthand accounts from veterans who surfed in-country during the Vietnam War.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How Surfing Still Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal Wounds of War","datePublished":"2017-10-26T00:30:38.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-26T23:10:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11620160 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11620160","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/25/how-surfing-still-helps-vietnam-veterans-heal-wounds-of-war/","disqusTitle":"How Surfing Still Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal Wounds of War","path":"/news/11620160/how-surfing-still-helps-vietnam-veterans-heal-wounds-of-war","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/TCRamSurfingVets.mp3","audioDuration":419000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://surfmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Surf Museum\u003c/a> sits a few blocks from a white sandy beach in Oceanside. The small, modest-looking building is packed inside with history and artifacts dating back to the origins of the sport in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent visit, Ron White, Rick Matthews and Dan Eichstedt checked out a yellow Hobie longboard that Eichstedt brought in as a donation to a new exhibit, \"\u003ca href=\"https://surfmuseum.org/events/china-beach-surfers-vietnam-war-healing-power-wave-riding/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China Beach: Surfers, the Vietnam War and the Healing Power of Wave-Riding\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of soldiers standing on beaches, vintage 9-foot wooden boards suspended from the ceiling and text with firsthand accounts from veterans surround them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's even a replica of the beach shack at \u003ca href=\"http://chinabeachsurfclub.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China Beach Surf Club\u003c/a>, named after a particular beach in Vietnam where GIs took a break from combat to rest and relax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/09/TCRamSurfingVets.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5120-1180x885.jpg","title":"How Surfing Still Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal Wounds of War","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews, White and Eichstedt grew up in different Southern California cities but they all spent their teenage youth surfing the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a cool kind of thing,” says White, who served in the Army from 1969 to 1972. “The girls kind of dug it.\" Eichstedt and Matthews chuckle in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Surfing was my cornerstone of my life before I left for Vietnam,” says Matthews, who was drafted in 1969. “I thought about it in Vietnam.” He remembers getting to surf only once along the coast of Vietnam during R&R.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eichstedt served in the Navy and was mostly on the water. But he says he brought his Hobie board with him when he went on land in search of waves along the coastline in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men said they never heard of other troops surfing during the war. They thought they were alone. Matthew says surfing was something he kept to himself, because there were other more serious things to worry about, like trying to stay alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Veterans Share Surfing Memories\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The exhibit was compiled over two years, and during that time many other vets began to contribute stories of their experiences, says museum historian Jane Schmauss. They, too, were unaware so many others were surfing in Vietnam during the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 60 veterans were interviewed for the exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning Vietnam veterans came home to a country torn apart over the war. Many veterans were treated horribly, sometimes they were even physically assaulted. So they often kept quiet about their time overseas and were unable to address their post-traumatic stress disorders from combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are things in Vietnam that I will never forget,” says White. \"There’s certainly nothing to brag about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, this exhibit, along with surfing, has helped to heal emotional and physical wounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the three men never crossed paths on the beaches of Southern California or in Vietnam, they all hit the water as soon as they returned home to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing else matters. You are just sitting there with the wave,” says White. “Just enjoying it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthews says he hopped into his VW bus and drove to the beach when he arrived home in 1971. “Being in the ocean is therapeutic: the solitude, the flow of the waves,” he adds. “It’s a lot like going to therapy.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11620160/how-surfing-still-helps-vietnam-veterans-heal-wounds-of-war","authors":["11334"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21713","news_2139","news_1071","news_17286","news_237","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11620963","label":"news_72"},"news_11620897":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11620897","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11620897","score":null,"sort":[1508535332000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"remember-when-camp-pendleton-was-a-refugee-camp-these-vietnamese-sisters-do","title":"Remember When Camp Pendleton Was a Refugee Camp? These Vietnamese Sisters Do","publishDate":1508535332,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>In the spring of 1975, the North Vietnamese took control of Saigon and the United States began frantically evacuating tens of thousands of South Vietnamese. Overnight, Camp Pendleton in Southern California was transformed into a makeshift refugee camp. The Marines had 36 hours to set up tents, toilets and showers before refugees started arriving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That first wave included two teenage sisters, Evelyn and Jessica Kheo. They settled in nearby San Diego, but hadn’t been back to the base in 42 years. I got a chance to take a tour with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving through the gate of the base, nothing looks very familiar to Jessica and Evelyn. We’re at the northernmost part of Camp Pendleton, miles from the beach. It’s dry and hot. There's scrubby grass and dusty canyons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evelyn was just 14 when her family arrived here. Jessica, who was 16, remembers being nervous when their plane landed at the military airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgkU4KOvIas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were kind of scared -- worried how people would treat us outside, because we knew about the anti-war movement,” Jessica said. “We were walking into a situation where people have protested before and you didn’t know what was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they got on a bus from the airport, and she remembers civilians in the streets waving at them, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lot of nervous laughter as these two women -- now in their 50s -- try to remember what it was like to be vulnerable teenagers leaving their comfortable home in Saigon to start over in a new country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/09/TCRMag20170929bSVietRefSis.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Untitled-1-1020x680.jpg\" Title=\"Remember When Camp Pendleton Was a Refugee Camp? These Vietnamese Sisters Do\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica and Evelyn came from a well-to-do family in Vietnam. They spoke French and wore fashionable dresses and barrettes in their hair. They were sheltered teenagers -- their mother hardly let them out of her sight. So coming to Camp Pendleton felt like an adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked pretty to me,” Jessica said. “I never camped before so it was kind of like camping. I'm sure my mom was not happy, but for me it was fun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their mother was nervous about having her young daughters around so many military men in uniform. But Jessica and Evelyn remember the Marines as kind and gentle young men working to help the refugees. A base nurse treated their sister for asthma with great tenderness. The Marines shared scratchy blankets and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was May, but it was cold for us, coming from Vietnam,” Evelyn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, we had to wear the army jacket. If you’re a kid, it’s all the way down to your ankles,” Jessica said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ApAJoZ2KWVfFI5lpzigjaJNB4GUCr4ux\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One time, Evelyn said, a Marine even came running out of the base health clinic to give her and her friend a box of maxi-pads. They were mortified, but touched by the gesture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Actually, it was a pretty good gift at the time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was one Marine guy,” she said. “I think he served in Vietnam and then he learned how to eat fish sauce. So, in a way for him to connect with the refugees, he would walk around in his pocket with this little fish sauce. And then whenever he wanted to maybe flirt with some young lady, or be friendly with the kids, he would pull it out. ‘I got the fish sauce!’ He would even say that in Vietnamese!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all their funny stories about their teenage adventures, Jessica also recalls the pain of watching adults in the camp traumatized by the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a woman who saved the (leftover) rice. She would spread out a newspaper and dry the rice out outside of her tent every day. And I saw some GI walk by and he made a face like, ‘What's going on?’ But because we went through the war, we still have worries about not having food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meeting a Marine Who Helped Evacuate Refugees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Talega, the section of Camp Pendleton that once housed the refugees, is dusty and hot. Helicopters hover above, and Marines in fatigues walk past metal quonset huts. It’s hard to tell there was once a refugee camp here. There are few signs or placards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620955\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620955\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Kheo points out sites she remembers at Camp Pendleton. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But we’re given a tour by Phillip Nguyen, a civilian who works on the base maintaining many of the facilities. He, too, first came through Camp Pendleton as a refugee. Turns out, he stayed in the same section as the Kheo sisters: Camp 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen introduces us to a retired Marine, Michael Duren, who helped maintain the refugee camp during the war. He was also in Saigon helping refugees onto helicopters back in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you got out before Saigon, you got out before the rush,” he tells the sisters, who left a week before the city fell to Communist forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was still a war going on,” Duren recalls, explaining that North Vietnamese troops were firing on fleeing South Vietnamese and on the U.S. troops trying to get them out of the country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were still being assaulted. So just pack them into helicopters was our main concern. We weren’t thinking how many we could get in; just get them in. It was a fast-moving operation. You didn’t have a lot of time to think. You just had to move. Get them in, get the helicopters out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11625059\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Jessica (far left) and Evelyn (far right) with their family before they left Vietnam.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11625059\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-960x657.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-240x164.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-375x257.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-520x356.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto.jpg 977w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica (far left) and Evelyn (far right) with their family before they left Vietnam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Jessica Kheo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There is trauma in the whole experience of being evacuated from Vietnam,” says Evelyn. “I think that's why it was very hard for us, and for the longest time we never talked much about the experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also a sense of guilt, she says, that her family had the means to get out by airplane, and get out early, compared to the “boat people” who came from Vietnam later, risking drowning and an uncertain future on rickety vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hopscotch and Daydreams\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We wander for a while among World War II quonset huts, which also served as the mess hall and medical clinic for the refugees. Then, we finally reach Camp 5, one of eight clusters of tents on the northern part of the base. This was the place the Kheo family called home in 1975. Today, it’s just a dry meadow at the bottom of a steep hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evelyn ambles through the dry grass and looks around thoughtfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this is truly Camp 5, then I'm pretty sure that we're right around this bend. Because I remember that's where our tent was and that's where I played hopscotch every day in front of the tent,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also remembers a giant tree, where she used to lie down and stare up at the sky, daydreaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620948\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620948\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Letters the Kheo sisters’ father wrote to another sister in France while they were awaiting a sponsor at Camp Pendleton. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She can’t find that exact tree, but she and her sister head to the shade of another massive oak, and take out a scrapbook. Photos and letters as thin as onion skin are carefully pasted to the pages. Some show the return address, in graceful handwriting: Camp Talega, Camp 5, Section 6, Tent 4. These are letters the Kheo sisters’ father wrote to another sister in France, explaining that they had arrived at Camp Pendleton and were waiting for a sponsor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one page of the scrapbook, there’s a photograph of their family -- in a newspaper article about how churches in the U.S. were helping the new refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620950 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-1020x788.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-960x742.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-240x186.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-375x290.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-520x402.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newspaper article about Vietnamese refugees shows the Kheo family on the front page. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Evelyn Kheo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The nervous laughter has waned, and I ask these two sisters how they feel, standing in this overgrown meadow that once served as their home, at the beginning of their new life in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is truly a land of opportunity,” Evelyn says. “Every country has its good and bad. But I think this country is very paradoxical. We create war with everybody. But then we also help people the most. So it's such a conflicting thing, in a way. But I am grateful for my experience for being evacuated to this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jessica, it ultimately meant she was allowed to live a life of her own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt bad that the war had to end with us losing,” she says. “But in the meantime, I couldn't wait to get out of the country [Vietnam] because that was always my dream. I did not like being submissive. I had a problem with that. Because I was a tomboy. Here, they would call me a feminist. I did not like the culture over there. So when I got here, yes, I did have cultural shock, but I accepted it. Without the war, I don't think I would be able to come to the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-960x642.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-375x251.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-520x348.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut.jpg 1523w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kheo family when they first got out of Camp Pendleton and stayed in an apartment in San Diego. Jessica and Evelyn's mother is in white. Their father is behind her, wearing dark glasses. Next to him in the black T-shirt is Jessica and Evelyn is next to her. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Evelyn Kheo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jessica and Evelyn’s family stayed at Camp Pendleton for about a month. They left when a San Diego family agreed to sponsor them. They’ve made their home here -- Evelyn\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> became a school guidance counselor and Jessica a first-grade teacher.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing that, Duren's face erupts into a huge smile. He’s thrilled that refugees like the ones he helped load onto helicopters 42 years ago have gone on to become successful, like Evelyn and Jessica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m elated,” he says. “I mean they came over here and they made best of the best. They had an attitude of, 'I have\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an opportunity to do something and I’m gonna do something'\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. And they did. And they started a great career, a career that helps others. It's like they were helped. So they’re paying it forward now.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were very fortunate to get to Camp Pendleton,” says Jessica. “And still have time to play hopscotch and just lie down under a tree and dream.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Evelyn and Jessica Kheo came to Camp Pendleton as refugees during the Vietnam War. Forty-two years later, they went back.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1508535735,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1858},"headData":{"title":"Remember When Camp Pendleton Was a Refugee Camp? These Vietnamese Sisters Do | KQED","description":"Evelyn and Jessica Kheo came to Camp Pendleton as refugees during the Vietnam War. Forty-two years later, they went back.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Remember When Camp Pendleton Was a Refugee Camp? These Vietnamese Sisters Do","datePublished":"2017-10-20T21:35:32.000Z","dateModified":"2017-10-20T21:42:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11620897 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11620897","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/remember-when-camp-pendleton-was-a-refugee-camp-these-vietnamese-sisters-do/","disqusTitle":"Remember When Camp Pendleton Was a Refugee Camp? These Vietnamese Sisters Do","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Sasha Khokha\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11620897/remember-when-camp-pendleton-was-a-refugee-camp-these-vietnamese-sisters-do","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/09/TCRMag20170929bSVietRefSis.mp3","audioDuration":442000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the spring of 1975, the North Vietnamese took control of Saigon and the United States began frantically evacuating tens of thousands of South Vietnamese. Overnight, Camp Pendleton in Southern California was transformed into a makeshift refugee camp. The Marines had 36 hours to set up tents, toilets and showers before refugees started arriving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That first wave included two teenage sisters, Evelyn and Jessica Kheo. They settled in nearby San Diego, but hadn’t been back to the base in 42 years. I got a chance to take a tour with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving through the gate of the base, nothing looks very familiar to Jessica and Evelyn. We’re at the northernmost part of Camp Pendleton, miles from the beach. It’s dry and hot. There's scrubby grass and dusty canyons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evelyn was just 14 when her family arrived here. Jessica, who was 16, remembers being nervous when their plane landed at the military airport.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TgkU4KOvIas'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TgkU4KOvIas'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were kind of scared -- worried how people would treat us outside, because we knew about the anti-war movement,” Jessica said. “We were walking into a situation where people have protested before and you didn’t know what was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they got on a bus from the airport, and she remembers civilians in the streets waving at them, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lot of nervous laughter as these two women -- now in their 50s -- try to remember what it was like to be vulnerable teenagers leaving their comfortable home in Saigon to start over in a new country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/09/TCRMag20170929bSVietRefSis.mp3","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Untitled-1-1020x680.jpg","title":"Remember When Camp Pendleton Was a Refugee Camp? These Vietnamese Sisters Do","program":"The California Report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica and Evelyn came from a well-to-do family in Vietnam. They spoke French and wore fashionable dresses and barrettes in their hair. They were sheltered teenagers -- their mother hardly let them out of her sight. So coming to Camp Pendleton felt like an adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked pretty to me,” Jessica said. “I never camped before so it was kind of like camping. I'm sure my mom was not happy, but for me it was fun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their mother was nervous about having her young daughters around so many military men in uniform. But Jessica and Evelyn remember the Marines as kind and gentle young men working to help the refugees. A base nurse treated their sister for asthma with great tenderness. The Marines shared scratchy blankets and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was May, but it was cold for us, coming from Vietnam,” Evelyn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, we had to wear the army jacket. If you’re a kid, it’s all the way down to your ankles,” Jessica said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One time, Evelyn said, a Marine even came running out of the base health clinic to give her and her friend a box of maxi-pads. They were mortified, but touched by the gesture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Actually, it was a pretty good gift at the time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was one Marine guy,” she said. “I think he served in Vietnam and then he learned how to eat fish sauce. So, in a way for him to connect with the refugees, he would walk around in his pocket with this little fish sauce. And then whenever he wanted to maybe flirt with some young lady, or be friendly with the kids, he would pull it out. ‘I got the fish sauce!’ He would even say that in Vietnamese!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all their funny stories about their teenage adventures, Jessica also recalls the pain of watching adults in the camp traumatized by the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a woman who saved the (leftover) rice. She would spread out a newspaper and dry the rice out outside of her tent every day. And I saw some GI walk by and he made a face like, ‘What's going on?’ But because we went through the war, we still have worries about not having food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meeting a Marine Who Helped Evacuate Refugees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Talega, the section of Camp Pendleton that once housed the refugees, is dusty and hot. Helicopters hover above, and Marines in fatigues walk past metal quonset huts. It’s hard to tell there was once a refugee camp here. There are few signs or placards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620955\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620955\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26690_P1050547-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Kheo points out sites she remembers at Camp Pendleton. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But we’re given a tour by Phillip Nguyen, a civilian who works on the base maintaining many of the facilities. He, too, first came through Camp Pendleton as a refugee. Turns out, he stayed in the same section as the Kheo sisters: Camp 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen introduces us to a retired Marine, Michael Duren, who helped maintain the refugee camp during the war. He was also in Saigon helping refugees onto helicopters back in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you got out before Saigon, you got out before the rush,” he tells the sisters, who left a week before the city fell to Communist forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was still a war going on,” Duren recalls, explaining that North Vietnamese troops were firing on fleeing South Vietnamese and on the U.S. troops trying to get them out of the country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were still being assaulted. So just pack them into helicopters was our main concern. We weren’t thinking how many we could get in; just get them in. It was a fast-moving operation. You didn’t have a lot of time to think. You just had to move. Get them in, get the helicopters out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11625059\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"Jessica (far left) and Evelyn (far right) with their family before they left Vietnam.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11625059\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-960x657.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-240x164.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-375x257.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto-520x356.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/ArchivePhoto.jpg 977w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica (far left) and Evelyn (far right) with their family before they left Vietnam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Jessica Kheo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There is trauma in the whole experience of being evacuated from Vietnam,” says Evelyn. “I think that's why it was very hard for us, and for the longest time we never talked much about the experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also a sense of guilt, she says, that her family had the means to get out by airplane, and get out early, compared to the “boat people” who came from Vietnam later, risking drowning and an uncertain future on rickety vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hopscotch and Daydreams\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We wander for a while among World War II quonset huts, which also served as the mess hall and medical clinic for the refugees. Then, we finally reach Camp 5, one of eight clusters of tents on the northern part of the base. This was the place the Kheo family called home in 1975. Today, it’s just a dry meadow at the bottom of a steep hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evelyn ambles through the dry grass and looks around thoughtfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If this is truly Camp 5, then I'm pretty sure that we're right around this bend. Because I remember that's where our tent was and that's where I played hopscotch every day in front of the tent,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also remembers a giant tree, where she used to lie down and stare up at the sky, daydreaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620948\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620948\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS26737_P1050594-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Letters the Kheo sisters’ father wrote to another sister in France while they were awaiting a sponsor at Camp Pendleton. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She can’t find that exact tree, but she and her sister head to the shade of another massive oak, and take out a scrapbook. Photos and letters as thin as onion skin are carefully pasted to the pages. Some show the return address, in graceful handwriting: Camp Talega, Camp 5, Section 6, Tent 4. These are letters the Kheo sisters’ father wrote to another sister in France, explaining that they had arrived at Camp Pendleton and were waiting for a sponsor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one page of the scrapbook, there’s a photograph of their family -- in a newspaper article about how churches in the U.S. were helping the new refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620950\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11620950 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-1020x788.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-960x742.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-240x186.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-375x290.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27174_Newspaper-qut-520x402.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newspaper article about Vietnamese refugees shows the Kheo family on the front page. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Evelyn Kheo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The nervous laughter has waned, and I ask these two sisters how they feel, standing in this overgrown meadow that once served as their home, at the beginning of their new life in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is truly a land of opportunity,” Evelyn says. “Every country has its good and bad. But I think this country is very paradoxical. We create war with everybody. But then we also help people the most. So it's such a conflicting thing, in a way. But I am grateful for my experience for being evacuated to this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jessica, it ultimately meant she was allowed to live a life of her own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt bad that the war had to end with us losing,” she says. “But in the meantime, I couldn't wait to get out of the country [Vietnam] because that was always my dream. I did not like being submissive. I had a problem with that. Because I was a tomboy. Here, they would call me a feminist. I did not like the culture over there. So when I got here, yes, I did have cultural shock, but I accepted it. Without the war, I don't think I would be able to come to the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11620939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11620939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-960x642.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-375x251.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut-520x348.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27173_family-qut.jpg 1523w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kheo family when they first got out of Camp Pendleton and stayed in an apartment in San Diego. Jessica and Evelyn's mother is in white. Their father is behind her, wearing dark glasses. Next to him in the black T-shirt is Jessica and Evelyn is next to her. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Evelyn Kheo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jessica and Evelyn’s family stayed at Camp Pendleton for about a month. They left when a San Diego family agreed to sponsor them. They’ve made their home here -- Evelyn\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> became a school guidance counselor and Jessica a first-grade teacher.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing that, Duren's face erupts into a huge smile. He’s thrilled that refugees like the ones he helped load onto helicopters 42 years ago have gone on to become successful, like Evelyn and Jessica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m elated,” he says. “I mean they came over here and they made best of the best. They had an attitude of, 'I have\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an opportunity to do something and I’m gonna do something'\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. And they did. And they started a great career, a career that helps others. It's like they were helped. So they’re paying it forward now.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were very fortunate to get to Camp Pendleton,” says Jessica. “And still have time to play hopscotch and just lie down under a tree and dream.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11620897/remember-when-camp-pendleton-was-a-refugee-camp-these-vietnamese-sisters-do","authors":["byline_news_11620897"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_21710","news_19006","news_4486","news_17286","news_5067"],"featImg":"news_11620942","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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