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Murrow award for continuing coverage of the Trump Administration's family separation policy.\r\n\r\nThe Society for Professional Journalists recognized Julie's 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11636262/the-officer-tased-him-31-times-the-sheriff-called-his-death-an-accident\">reporting\u003c/a> on the San Joaquin County Sheriff's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11634689/autopsy-doctors-sheriff-overrode-death-findings-to-protect-law-enforcement\">interference\u003c/a> in death investigations with an Excellence in Journalism Award for Ongoing Coverage.\r\n\r\nJulie's\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11039666/two-mentally-ill-inmates-died-one-month-in-santa-clara\"> reporting\u003c/a> with Lisa Pickoff-White on the treatment of mentally ill offenders in California jails earned a 2017 regional Edward R. Murrow Award for news reporting and an investigative reporting award from the SPJ of Northern California.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED, Julie covered government and politics in Sacramento for Southern California Public Radio (SCPR). Her 2010 \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/specials/prisonmedical/\">series\u003c/a> on lapses in California’s prison medical care also won a regional Edward R. Murrow Award for investigative reporting and a Golden Mic Award from the RTNDA of Southern California.\r\n\r\nJulie began her career in journalism in 2000 as the deputy foreign editor for public radio's \u003cem>Marketplace, \u003c/em>while earning her master's degree in journalism from USC’s Annenberg School of Communication.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@SmallRadio2","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Julie Small | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4baedf201468df97be97c2a9dd7585d0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jsmall"},"jplaczek":{"type":"authors","id":"8606","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8606","found":true},"name":"Jessica Placzek","firstName":"Jessica","lastName":"Placzek","slug":"jplaczek","email":"jessicalplaczek@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jessica Placzek is a former senior editor of podcasts at KQED where she served as the editorial lead of the podcast department. She worked with shows like MindShift, Rightnowish, Consider This, SOLD OUT, Bay Curious and The Bay. She’s also been a reporter and audio producer at KQED, KPFA, and KALW. She taught audio production to men incarcerated at California State Prison Solano and edited pieces they produced for the Uncuffed podcast through KALW. In 2018 she co-hosted and produced the third season of Raw Material for SFMOMA. In New Orleans she wrote for the Nola Defender. Her work has also appeared on Marketplace, All Things Considered, The California Report, and Vice. You can find more at jessicaplaczek.com\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4505f7be77b50826a2a1b8bd3a120685?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Jessica Placzek | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4505f7be77b50826a2a1b8bd3a120685?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4505f7be77b50826a2a1b8bd3a120685?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jplaczek"},"slewis":{"type":"authors","id":"8676","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8676","found":true},"name":"Sukey Lewis","firstName":"Sukey","lastName":"Lewis","slug":"slewis","email":"slewis@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Sukey Lewis is a criminal justice reporter and host of \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, a new podcast from NPR and KQED about the shadow world of police discipline. In 2018, she co-founded the California Reporting Project, a coalition of newsrooms across the state focused on obtaining previously sealed internal affairs records from law enforcement. In addition to her reporting on police accountability, Sukey has investigated the bail bonds industry, California's wildfires and the high cost of prison phone calls. Sukey earned a master's degree in journalism from the University of California at Berkeley. Send news tips to slewis@kqed.org.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"SukeyLewis","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sukey Lewis | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/slewis"},"slefebvre":{"type":"authors","id":"11091","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11091","found":true},"name":"Sam Lefebvre","firstName":"Sam","lastName":"Lefebvre","slug":"slefebvre","email":"sdlefebvre@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sam Lefebvre is an award-winning reporter at KQED Arts. He has worked as an editor and columnist at the \u003cem>East Bay Express\u003c/em>, \u003cem>SF Weekly \u003c/em>and Impose Magazine, and his journalism and criticism has appeared in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, the Guardian and Pitchfork.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/143b570c3dec13ae74c6aa2369b04fc8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"Lefebvre_Sam","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sam Lefebvre | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/143b570c3dec13ae74c6aa2369b04fc8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/143b570c3dec13ae74c6aa2369b04fc8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/slefebvre"},"parcuni":{"type":"authors","id":"11368","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11368","found":true},"name":"Peter Arcuni","firstName":"Peter","lastName":"Arcuni","slug":"parcuni","email":"parcuni@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Reporter","bio":"Peter reports radio and online stories for \u003cem>KQED Science\u003c/em>. His work has also appeared on the \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> morning show and \u003cem>KQED News\u003c/em>. His production credits include \u003cem>The California Report, The California Report Magazine\u003c/em> and KQED's local news podcast \u003cem>The Bay\u003c/em>. Other credits include NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, WNYC's \u003cem>Science Friday\u003c/em>, WBUR's \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>, WIRED and SFGate. Peter graduated from Brown University and earned a master's degree in journalism from Stanford. He's covered everything from homelessness to wildfires, health, the environment, arts and Thanksgiving in San Quentin prison. In other lives, he played rock n roll music and studied neuroscience. You can email him at: parcuni@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"peterarcuni","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Peter Arcuni | KQED","description":"Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/parcuni"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11495697":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11495697","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11495697","score":null,"sort":[1653904825000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park","title":"What's With the Bison in Golden Gate Park?","publishDate":1653904825,"format":"audio","headTitle":"What’s With the Bison in Golden Gate Park? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":33523,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: In our humble opinion, with so many treasures across almost 1,000 acres, it’s arguably one of the best urban parks in the world. There’s a \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatepark.com/windmills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pair of windmills\u003c/a> that look like they belong in the Dutch countryside, and through an elaborate gate you’ll find the \u003ca href=\"http://japaneseteagardensf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oldest public Japanese teagarden\u003c/a> in the United States. But perhaps the wildest treasure in the park is the herd of American bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March 2020, for the park’s 150th anniversary, a birthday gift of five new bison calves were added to the herd.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7hbu_pGErw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the bison in the park is unexpected, says Bay Curious listener Paul Irving. After all, bison aren’t native to San Francisco, and they certainly stand out in today’s urban setting. After years of cycling past the paddock, Irving asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind the bison in Golden Gate Park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11495865 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1500s, an estimated 30 million to 60 million bison roamed American prairies. They grazed all over the West, from northern Mexico up through Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As European colonizers moved into the West, the bison’s habitat was chopped up by railroads, or turned into farms. Imported cattle brought grazing competition and new diseases to the bison. But the greatest threat to bison was hunting. Bison meat was exported or eaten on the spot, skins were sent to commercial tanneries, and bones were ground up to make things like fertilizer and bone china.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495700\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg\" alt='\"Map of Bison Distribution Over Time.\" Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. ' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-160x138.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-960x826.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-240x206.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-375x323.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-520x447.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Map of Bison Distribution Over Time,’ Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Newberry Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>William F. Cody, aka Buffalo Bill, allegedly killed 4,280 bison over 17 months to feed construction crews of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bison also were killed for sport. Competitions were held to see who could kill the most bison (Buffalo Bill got his nickname at one of these competitions). Tourists on trains would shoot the animals from their seats, leaving the carcasses where they fell. In 1973, a railway engineer in Santa Fe said it was possible to walk 100 miles along the railroad by stepping from one bison carcass to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11495712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg\" alt=\"A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway.\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg 614w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government clashed with Native Americans over land, the army encouraged the rampant slaughter of bison, which were an important native resource. One colonel even said to hunters, “Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1889, the estimated number of bison had dwindled to about 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495709\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of bison skulls that would be ground up for fertilizer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piles of bison skulls to be turned into fertilizer. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The bison come to Golden Gate Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was around this time that work began on Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Bison facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A male bison tips the scale at 2,000 pounds, and females can weigh around 1,000 pounds.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In 2016 President Obama named the American bison the United State’s official mammal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bison can use their heads as snowplows, allowing them to discover food beneath feet of snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When bison were close to extinction, concerns about inbreeding led to many being bred with cows, which explains why most of the bison we see today look a little like cows.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Though their names are often used interchangeably, bison and buffalo are different animals. Buffalo are a species native to Africa and Asia, while bison are specific to North America and parts of Europe.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When Golden Gate Park was created, the idea was to honor the Wild West,” says Phil Ginsburg, general manager of San Francisco Recreation and Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate the Wild West, the park needed bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first bison was brought to the park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bison and several other animals were actually first put in a paddock, which is very close to where Kezar Stadium is today,” Ginsburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo had a captive-breeding program that produced more than 100 bison calves, though the program has since ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, conservation efforts (and, ironically, an increased interest in bison meat) have brought the North American bison population back into the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944.\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1180x558.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-960x454.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-240x113.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-375x177.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-520x246.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Today’s herd\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bison currently living in the pen in Golden Gate Park are not descended from the original animals brought to the park. The bison were replaced by a younger herd in 1984 and again in 2011. At the beginning of March 2020, the five new bison calves were added to the surviving 2011 herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all the bison in the paddock are female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11497000\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11497000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The bison at Golden Gate Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bison at Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having all females just keeps everything a little bit more calm,” says Ginsburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there were bulls, the bison could get aggressive. One tried to maul a police officer on horseback, and another tried to escape by running into the Sunset District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Males become very aggressive around August because they’re fighting for dominance in order to breed with the females,” says Sarah King of the San Francisco Zoo, which takes care of the animals. “Then calves are generally born in the spring, nine months later, and that’s when the females get aggressive because they’re very protective of their offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they may appear to be slow, bison are powerful creatures. They can run over 30 mph, jump up to 6 feet in the air, and swim over half a mile, says King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the paddock is calm. On any given day, you can see the bison either grazing or resting. Most of the excitement in the paddock is human-generated. For example: The streaker who was arrested for running into the paddock during Bay to Breakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this article was first published on June 8, 2017. In the last few years some bison referenced in the original story have passed away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The first American bison was brought to Golden Gate Park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700532618,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1081},"headData":{"title":"Just Don't Call Them Buffalo: Meet the Bison of Golden Gate Park | KQED News","description":"The first American bison was brought to the Golden Gate Park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialTitle":"Just Don't Call Them Buffalo: Meet the Bison of Golden Gate Park %%page%% %%sep%% %%sitename%%","socialDescription":"The first American bison was brought to the Golden Gate Park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds."},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/h7hbu_pGErw","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6656088419.mp3?updated=1653503144","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11495697/whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: In our humble opinion, with so many treasures across almost 1,000 acres, it’s arguably one of the best urban parks in the world. There’s a \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatepark.com/windmills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pair of windmills\u003c/a> that look like they belong in the Dutch countryside, and through an elaborate gate you’ll find the \u003ca href=\"http://japaneseteagardensf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oldest public Japanese teagarden\u003c/a> in the United States. But perhaps the wildest treasure in the park is the herd of American bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March 2020, for the park’s 150th anniversary, a birthday gift of five new bison calves were added to the herd.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/h7hbu_pGErw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/h7hbu_pGErw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Seeing the bison in the park is unexpected, says Bay Curious listener Paul Irving. After all, bison aren’t native to San Francisco, and they certainly stand out in today’s urban setting. After years of cycling past the paddock, Irving asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind the bison in Golden Gate Park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11495865 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1500s, an estimated 30 million to 60 million bison roamed American prairies. They grazed all over the West, from northern Mexico up through Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As European colonizers moved into the West, the bison’s habitat was chopped up by railroads, or turned into farms. Imported cattle brought grazing competition and new diseases to the bison. But the greatest threat to bison was hunting. Bison meat was exported or eaten on the spot, skins were sent to commercial tanneries, and bones were ground up to make things like fertilizer and bone china.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495700\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg\" alt='\"Map of Bison Distribution Over Time.\" Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. ' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-160x138.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-960x826.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-240x206.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-375x323.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-520x447.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Map of Bison Distribution Over Time,’ Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Newberry Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>William F. Cody, aka Buffalo Bill, allegedly killed 4,280 bison over 17 months to feed construction crews of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bison also were killed for sport. Competitions were held to see who could kill the most bison (Buffalo Bill got his nickname at one of these competitions). Tourists on trains would shoot the animals from their seats, leaving the carcasses where they fell. In 1973, a railway engineer in Santa Fe said it was possible to walk 100 miles along the railroad by stepping from one bison carcass to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11495712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg\" alt=\"A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway.\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg 614w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government clashed with Native Americans over land, the army encouraged the rampant slaughter of bison, which were an important native resource. One colonel even said to hunters, “Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1889, the estimated number of bison had dwindled to about 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495709\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of bison skulls that would be ground up for fertilizer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piles of bison skulls to be turned into fertilizer. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The bison come to Golden Gate Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was around this time that work began on Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Bison facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A male bison tips the scale at 2,000 pounds, and females can weigh around 1,000 pounds.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In 2016 President Obama named the American bison the United State’s official mammal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bison can use their heads as snowplows, allowing them to discover food beneath feet of snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When bison were close to extinction, concerns about inbreeding led to many being bred with cows, which explains why most of the bison we see today look a little like cows.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Though their names are often used interchangeably, bison and buffalo are different animals. Buffalo are a species native to Africa and Asia, while bison are specific to North America and parts of Europe.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When Golden Gate Park was created, the idea was to honor the Wild West,” says Phil Ginsburg, general manager of San Francisco Recreation and Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate the Wild West, the park needed bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first bison was brought to the park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bison and several other animals were actually first put in a paddock, which is very close to where Kezar Stadium is today,” Ginsburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo had a captive-breeding program that produced more than 100 bison calves, though the program has since ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, conservation efforts (and, ironically, an increased interest in bison meat) have brought the North American bison population back into the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944.\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1180x558.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-960x454.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-240x113.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-375x177.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-520x246.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Today’s herd\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bison currently living in the pen in Golden Gate Park are not descended from the original animals brought to the park. The bison were replaced by a younger herd in 1984 and again in 2011. At the beginning of March 2020, the five new bison calves were added to the surviving 2011 herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all the bison in the paddock are female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11497000\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11497000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The bison at Golden Gate Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bison at Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having all females just keeps everything a little bit more calm,” says Ginsburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there were bulls, the bison could get aggressive. One tried to maul a police officer on horseback, and another tried to escape by running into the Sunset District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Males become very aggressive around August because they’re fighting for dominance in order to breed with the females,” says Sarah King of the San Francisco Zoo, which takes care of the animals. “Then calves are generally born in the spring, nine months later, and that’s when the females get aggressive because they’re very protective of their offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they may appear to be slow, bison are powerful creatures. They can run over 30 mph, jump up to 6 feet in the air, and swim over half a mile, says King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the paddock is calm. On any given day, you can see the bison either grazing or resting. Most of the excitement in the paddock is human-generated. For example: The streaker who was arrested for running into the paddock during Bay to Breakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this article was first published on June 8, 2017. In the last few years some bison referenced in the original story have passed away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11495697/whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park","authors":["8606"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18426","news_23201","news_21073","news_21074","news_823","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11809842","label":"news_33523"},"arts_13874090":{"type":"posts","id":"arts_13874090","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"arts","id":"13874090","score":null,"sort":[1580425207000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"aggregate-space-gallery-displaced-last-year-to-reopen-blocks-away-in-west-oakland","title":"Aggregate Space Gallery, Displaced Last Year, to Reopen Blocks Away in West Oakland","publishDate":1580425207,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Aggregate Space Gallery, Displaced Last Year, to Reopen Blocks Away in West Oakland | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"arts"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://aggregatespacegallery.org/\">Aggregate Space Gallery\u003c/a>, the artist-run gallery displaced from its Oakland warehouse location of seven years last July, will reopen blocks away in a two-story unit previously occupied by a circus company in a move that promises stability and more than doubles its exhibition space. [aside postID=arts_13851268,arts_13847646,arts_13851209]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aggregate founders Conrad and Willis Meyers, whose video and installation curating and museum-quality exhibitions made ASG a standout Oakland gallery, called the 3,500 square-foot commercial space at 1255 26th Street a lifeline in a forbidding rental market. “We can do everything we used to, plus the things we’ve dreamed of—and not be so cold,” Conrad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a tour, the Meyers described the possibilities of an anticipated $150,000 buildout: A screening room upstairs in what was originally a performance venue with 20-foot high ceilings, and workspace for a residency program in one of the rooms along the mezzanine. Conrad, who’s also a contractor, was relieved to point out fire sprinklers and a wheelchair-accessible elevator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13874092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13874092\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1.jpg\" alt=\"Aggregate Space Gallery was displaced from its West Oakland location of nine years in 2018.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1169\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-768x468.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-1200x731.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aggregate Space Gallery was displaced from its West Oakland location of nine years in 2018. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Downstairs is a large storefront with additional rooms for office or studio space. There the Meyers see an opportunity for both earned income and community engagement: Before opening, they plan to host neighbors to learn what kind of subtenant could fill the needs of the immediate area. “We want to involve neighbors in this process from the beginning,” Willis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New works by Nasim Moghadam, a Bay Area photographer and multimedia artist, will mark Aggregate’s first solo show in the new space, and 68th exhibition overall, come Friday, Apr. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The downstairs portion opens Friday, Feb. 7 to show \u003cem>Invulnerable Routes\u003c/em>, a month-long exhibition derived from the gallery’s annual open call for video. The selections, curated by Conrad and Shaghayegh Cyrous, address relationships to society outside patriarchal structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landlords, Jacqueline Jackson and her daughter Shannon, a scholar of art and social change at UC Berkeley, will provide the Meyers a decreasing rent subsidy over five years. The deal allows Aggregate, a nonprofit organization, to recover the fundraising momentum lost with its former home. The Jacksons “get Aggregate,” Willis said. “They’re officially our biggest donors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13874094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13874094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3.jpg\" alt=\"The mezzanine-lined upstairs portion of Aggregate Space Gallery's new 1255 26th Street location was originally build as a performance venue.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mezzanine-lined upstairs portion of Aggregate Space Gallery’s new 1255 26th Street location was originally build as a performance venue. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Storied Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Meyers hesitated. As KQED\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13847646/uc-berkeley-art-professor-displaces-dance-studio-to-create-new-art-space\"> previously reported\u003c/a>, the Jacksons displaced Skyhigh Odditorium, a circus arts studio in the space since 2012, after buying the property in 2017, a move seen as hypocritical given their mission to buoy the arts. “We’ve also struggled with a landlord, so we related,” Conrad said. “Whatever happens in our old place, I’ll probably be pissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon Jackson, a prominent figure in the local arts funding establishment, earlier declined to address displacing Skyhigh Odditorium in 2017. In a recent interview, she said she declined to renew the lease for Skyhigh and another tenant, an unpermitted cannabis cultivator, due to “all kinds of health and safety violations,” and that she restored the units to code compliance at “significant expense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skyhigh Odditorium founder Madamn Burnz, a circus performer and teacher, said that she’s pleased to learn another arts organization is taking over the space. But she bristled at Jackson’s assertion of safety shortcomings. “That’s bullshit—the place was a dump and we remodeled it,” she said. “If that was her concern why didn’t she say so? … I never even met her before she evicted us.” (Jackson disputes this.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13847696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13847696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1.jpg\" alt=\"Madamn Burnz founded dance studio and events space Skyhigh Odditorium in 2012.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madamn Burnz founded dance studio and events space Skyhigh Odditorium in 2012. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although she has a sideline in Oakland real estate investment, Jackson said she acquired the $3.7 million property, which has 11 live-work units in addition to the commercial space, to create the conditions for an “adventurous aesthetic experiment while also adhering to codes for health and safety.” She continued, “We needed a partner who would be transparent and work with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping up Momentum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aggregate was displaced from its Grand Avenue location last year after the owner insisted on a $1,500 monthly rent hike and for the Meyers to absorb the cost of an estimated $50,000 in code compliance work. The gallery had doubled its annual operating budget every year for the four years prior, in 2018 reaching $142,000, and was beginning to win grants from national funders such as the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closure, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13870004/flight-deck-oaklands-only-black-box-theater-to-close-in-march\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Deck theater’s displacement\u003c/a>, showed the difficulties for Oakland’s growing and creatively rich but not yet institutional arts organizations. In the interim, Aggregate relocated \u003cem>Flash Point\u003c/em>, a video exhibition by Chicago artist Jefferson Pinder, to the San Francisco Art Institute. Oakland artist Leila Weefur sold an edition of \u003cem>Between Beauty & Horror\u003c/em>, which debuted at one of ASG’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13851209/leila-weefur-positions-black-experience-between-beauty-horror\">final shows\u003c/a> in the old gallery, to Kadist gallery in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13851534\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13851534\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946.jpg\" alt=\"Conrad and Willis Meyers sit in the workshop at Aggregate Space Gallerys original location on Grand Avenue.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conrad and Willis Meyers sit in the workshop at Aggregate Space Gallery’s original location on Grand Avenue. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before settling on the 26th St. location, the Meyers toured the Henry J. Kaiser Convention Center, which Orton Development is marketing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13861121/kaiser-auditorium-redevelopment-proceeds-with-permanent-affordability-for-arts-groups\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">partly to nonprofits\u003c/a>, and met with other real estate developers seeking commercial tenants below new housing. At the previous location in early 2019, Conrad \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13851268/despite-doubling-budget-aggregate-space-gallery-faces-displacement\">said\u003c/a> Aggregate wouldn’t move into “the all-windows bottom-floor of condos that’ll be a Gap by 2024.” As it turned out, Aggregate couldn’t afford the opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our pitch was a five-year partnership where we meet fundraising benchmarks and then accept rent increases,” Conrad said. “No one was receptive until the Jacksons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aggregate struck Shannon Jackson as an organization with proven fundraising and curatorial abilities that needed a runway to fiscal stability, and developed the unique lease terms as an experiment. The rent subsidy is also intended to nudge other property owners “to figure out what we can do to sustain the Bay Area cultural life that we all say we adore,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Reimagining’ the Space\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property is the site of earlier experiments: In the 2000s, the Northern California Land Trust spent millions creating the solar-powered live-work units and performance space on what was previously an underground venue called the “Noodle Factory,” keeping the name. The plan excited the local performing arts community, but the land trust’s project floundered amid the 2008 financial crisis, and an investment firm bought the property out of foreclosure in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Burnz leased the space in 2012, it’d been neglected for years. She redid the floors and walls, and treated the place for bedbugs. The landlord at the time, Urban Green Investments, installed a since-removed kitchen and shower. Skyhigh offered classes in pole and aerial dancing, and subleased workspace to other artists. “We brought it back to life,” Burnz said. Since being displaced, Skyhigh has operated out of a nearby studio and a Richmond fitness facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13847686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13847686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675.jpg\" alt=\"The Northern California Land Trust spent millions creating 11 live-work units and the performance and rehearsal space at what was known as the Noodle Factory.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Northern California Land Trust spent millions creating 11 live-work units and the performance and rehearsal space at what was known as the Noodle Factory. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The land trust planned affordable live-work condominiums occupied by working artists who could also use the performance and rehearsal space. Jackson revived the Noodle Factory moniker in a nod to the vision, and said she’s interested in integrating the various tenants. In November, 2018 Jackson and the San Francisco nonprofit Community Arts Stabilization Trust hosted an event attended by local artists and gallerists billed “Reimagining the Noodle Factory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson, who last fall joined Oakland city officials in an “empowering artists” delegation to France, said that when the Noodle Factory came on the market, she sensed an opportunity. “My mother and I wanted to use our connection to the field of real estate to support a space that could be the embodiment of our values,” she said. Other bidders, she said, wanted to redevelop the whole site. “So we saw it was about to become another story in the gentrification chronicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Meyers poured their personal resources into the Grand Avenue warehouse in 2011 without a long-term plan for sustainability they were “overconfident and naive,” Conrad said. Now, though, he feels the gallery is fortunate to have a financial partner in the Jacksons who also appreciate Aggregate’s mission. “I want people to have the feeling here that nothing like this will ever happen again,” Conrad said. “And come back in four weeks to feel like that again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: This article has been updated to clarify that Skyhigh Odditorium was not legally evicted, but that its lease was not renewed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The artist-run Oakland gallery known for video and installation work will more than double its exhibition space. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705021389,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1550},"headData":{"title":"Aggregate Space Gallery, Displaced Last Year, to Reopen Blocks Away in West Oakland | KQED","description":"The artist-run Oakland gallery known for video and installation work will more than double its exhibition space. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","path":"/arts/13874090/aggregate-space-gallery-displaced-last-year-to-reopen-blocks-away-in-west-oakland","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://aggregatespacegallery.org/\">Aggregate Space Gallery\u003c/a>, the artist-run gallery displaced from its Oakland warehouse location of seven years last July, will reopen blocks away in a two-story unit previously occupied by a circus company in a move that promises stability and more than doubles its exhibition space. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"arts_13851268,arts_13847646,arts_13851209","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aggregate founders Conrad and Willis Meyers, whose video and installation curating and museum-quality exhibitions made ASG a standout Oakland gallery, called the 3,500 square-foot commercial space at 1255 26th Street a lifeline in a forbidding rental market. “We can do everything we used to, plus the things we’ve dreamed of—and not be so cold,” Conrad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a tour, the Meyers described the possibilities of an anticipated $150,000 buildout: A screening room upstairs in what was originally a performance venue with 20-foot high ceilings, and workspace for a residency program in one of the rooms along the mezzanine. Conrad, who’s also a contractor, was relieved to point out fire sprinklers and a wheelchair-accessible elevator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13874092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13874092\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1.jpg\" alt=\"Aggregate Space Gallery was displaced from its West Oakland location of nine years in 2018.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1169\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-768x468.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/1-1200x731.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aggregate Space Gallery was displaced from its West Oakland location of nine years in 2018. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Downstairs is a large storefront with additional rooms for office or studio space. There the Meyers see an opportunity for both earned income and community engagement: Before opening, they plan to host neighbors to learn what kind of subtenant could fill the needs of the immediate area. “We want to involve neighbors in this process from the beginning,” Willis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New works by Nasim Moghadam, a Bay Area photographer and multimedia artist, will mark Aggregate’s first solo show in the new space, and 68th exhibition overall, come Friday, Apr. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The downstairs portion opens Friday, Feb. 7 to show \u003cem>Invulnerable Routes\u003c/em>, a month-long exhibition derived from the gallery’s annual open call for video. The selections, curated by Conrad and Shaghayegh Cyrous, address relationships to society outside patriarchal structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landlords, Jacqueline Jackson and her daughter Shannon, a scholar of art and social change at UC Berkeley, will provide the Meyers a decreasing rent subsidy over five years. The deal allows Aggregate, a nonprofit organization, to recover the fundraising momentum lost with its former home. The Jacksons “get Aggregate,” Willis said. “They’re officially our biggest donors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13874094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13874094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3.jpg\" alt=\"The mezzanine-lined upstairs portion of Aggregate Space Gallery's new 1255 26th Street location was originally build as a performance venue.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/01/3-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mezzanine-lined upstairs portion of Aggregate Space Gallery’s new 1255 26th Street location was originally build as a performance venue. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Storied Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Meyers hesitated. As KQED\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13847646/uc-berkeley-art-professor-displaces-dance-studio-to-create-new-art-space\"> previously reported\u003c/a>, the Jacksons displaced Skyhigh Odditorium, a circus arts studio in the space since 2012, after buying the property in 2017, a move seen as hypocritical given their mission to buoy the arts. “We’ve also struggled with a landlord, so we related,” Conrad said. “Whatever happens in our old place, I’ll probably be pissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon Jackson, a prominent figure in the local arts funding establishment, earlier declined to address displacing Skyhigh Odditorium in 2017. In a recent interview, she said she declined to renew the lease for Skyhigh and another tenant, an unpermitted cannabis cultivator, due to “all kinds of health and safety violations,” and that she restored the units to code compliance at “significant expense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skyhigh Odditorium founder Madamn Burnz, a circus performer and teacher, said that she’s pleased to learn another arts organization is taking over the space. But she bristled at Jackson’s assertion of safety shortcomings. “That’s bullshit—the place was a dump and we remodeled it,” she said. “If that was her concern why didn’t she say so? … I never even met her before she evicted us.” (Jackson disputes this.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13847696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13847696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1.jpg\" alt=\"Madamn Burnz founded dance studio and events space Skyhigh Odditorium in 2012.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Madamn-Burnz-1-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madamn Burnz founded dance studio and events space Skyhigh Odditorium in 2012. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although she has a sideline in Oakland real estate investment, Jackson said she acquired the $3.7 million property, which has 11 live-work units in addition to the commercial space, to create the conditions for an “adventurous aesthetic experiment while also adhering to codes for health and safety.” She continued, “We needed a partner who would be transparent and work with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping up Momentum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aggregate was displaced from its Grand Avenue location last year after the owner insisted on a $1,500 monthly rent hike and for the Meyers to absorb the cost of an estimated $50,000 in code compliance work. The gallery had doubled its annual operating budget every year for the four years prior, in 2018 reaching $142,000, and was beginning to win grants from national funders such as the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closure, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13870004/flight-deck-oaklands-only-black-box-theater-to-close-in-march\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Flight Deck theater’s displacement\u003c/a>, showed the difficulties for Oakland’s growing and creatively rich but not yet institutional arts organizations. In the interim, Aggregate relocated \u003cem>Flash Point\u003c/em>, a video exhibition by Chicago artist Jefferson Pinder, to the San Francisco Art Institute. Oakland artist Leila Weefur sold an edition of \u003cem>Between Beauty & Horror\u003c/em>, which debuted at one of ASG’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13851209/leila-weefur-positions-black-experience-between-beauty-horror\">final shows\u003c/a> in the old gallery, to Kadist gallery in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13851534\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13851534\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946.jpg\" alt=\"Conrad and Willis Meyers sit in the workshop at Aggregate Space Gallerys original location on Grand Avenue.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/seated-5-e1580347958946-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Conrad and Willis Meyers sit in the workshop at Aggregate Space Gallery’s original location on Grand Avenue. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before settling on the 26th St. location, the Meyers toured the Henry J. Kaiser Convention Center, which Orton Development is marketing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13861121/kaiser-auditorium-redevelopment-proceeds-with-permanent-affordability-for-arts-groups\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">partly to nonprofits\u003c/a>, and met with other real estate developers seeking commercial tenants below new housing. At the previous location in early 2019, Conrad \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13851268/despite-doubling-budget-aggregate-space-gallery-faces-displacement\">said\u003c/a> Aggregate wouldn’t move into “the all-windows bottom-floor of condos that’ll be a Gap by 2024.” As it turned out, Aggregate couldn’t afford the opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our pitch was a five-year partnership where we meet fundraising benchmarks and then accept rent increases,” Conrad said. “No one was receptive until the Jacksons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aggregate struck Shannon Jackson as an organization with proven fundraising and curatorial abilities that needed a runway to fiscal stability, and developed the unique lease terms as an experiment. The rent subsidy is also intended to nudge other property owners “to figure out what we can do to sustain the Bay Area cultural life that we all say we adore,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Reimagining’ the Space\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property is the site of earlier experiments: In the 2000s, the Northern California Land Trust spent millions creating the solar-powered live-work units and performance space on what was previously an underground venue called the “Noodle Factory,” keeping the name. The plan excited the local performing arts community, but the land trust’s project floundered amid the 2008 financial crisis, and an investment firm bought the property out of foreclosure in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Burnz leased the space in 2012, it’d been neglected for years. She redid the floors and walls, and treated the place for bedbugs. The landlord at the time, Urban Green Investments, installed a since-removed kitchen and shower. Skyhigh offered classes in pole and aerial dancing, and subleased workspace to other artists. “We brought it back to life,” Burnz said. Since being displaced, Skyhigh has operated out of a nearby studio and a Richmond fitness facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13847686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13847686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675.jpg\" alt=\"The Northern California Land Trust spent millions creating 11 live-work units and the performance and rehearsal space at what was known as the Noodle Factory.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/Noodle-Factory-e1580348117675-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Northern California Land Trust spent millions creating 11 live-work units and the performance and rehearsal space at what was known as the Noodle Factory. \u003ccite>(Sam Lefebvre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The land trust planned affordable live-work condominiums occupied by working artists who could also use the performance and rehearsal space. Jackson revived the Noodle Factory moniker in a nod to the vision, and said she’s interested in integrating the various tenants. In November, 2018 Jackson and the San Francisco nonprofit Community Arts Stabilization Trust hosted an event attended by local artists and gallerists billed “Reimagining the Noodle Factory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson, who last fall joined Oakland city officials in an “empowering artists” delegation to France, said that when the Noodle Factory came on the market, she sensed an opportunity. “My mother and I wanted to use our connection to the field of real estate to support a space that could be the embodiment of our values,” she said. Other bidders, she said, wanted to redevelop the whole site. “So we saw it was about to become another story in the gentrification chronicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Meyers poured their personal resources into the Grand Avenue warehouse in 2011 without a long-term plan for sustainability they were “overconfident and naive,” Conrad said. Now, though, he feels the gallery is fortunate to have a financial partner in the Jacksons who also appreciate Aggregate’s mission. “I want people to have the feeling here that nothing like this will ever happen again,” Conrad said. “And come back in four weeks to feel like that again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: This article has been updated to clarify that Skyhigh Odditorium was not legally evicted, but that its lease was not renewed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/arts/13874090/aggregate-space-gallery-displaced-last-year-to-reopen-blocks-away-in-west-oakland","authors":["11091"],"categories":["arts_1","arts_835","arts_235","arts_70"],"tags":["arts_2402","arts_1118","arts_746","arts_596","arts_1143"],"featImg":"arts_13874095","label":"arts"},"news_11759028":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11759028","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11759028","score":null,"sort":[1562204196000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"former-san-jose-state-cop-fired-for-excessive-force-won-job-back-on-appeal","title":"Former San Jose State Cop Fired for Excessive Force Won Job Back on Appeal","publishDate":1562204196,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>San Jose State University fired Officer Johnathon Silva for excessively beating, kicking and tasering an apparently mentally ill man in a school library in 2016, but the cop won his job back over the objections of administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school released the internal affairs investigation on Wednesday in response to a public records request under the state’s new police transparency law. The records reveal that the university’s administration was directly at odds with the police department over Silva’s actions on March 17, 2016.[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Peter Decena, Los Gatos-Monte Sereno Police Chief']'[I]t was my determination that the use of force was within policy.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officials said he followed his training when confronted with a non-compliant suspect. In the university’s version, Silva was an officer with a history of being short-tempered who “lost control of the situation,” unnecessarily beating a man so badly that his lungs collapsed, and was dishonest about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva is now an officer with the Los Gatos-Monte Sereno Police Department under the same chief who supervised him at San Jose State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the administrative review and recommendations, it was my determination that the use of force was within policy,” Police Chief Peter Decena said in a press release issued Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The files released by the school include graphic body-cam footage showing the incident unfold over about 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Warning, this video contains graphic imagery and language.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/BLIC3gaAiBc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the morning of March 17, 2016, when Silva responded to reports from library security officers of a man looking at pornography and potentially masturbating on the eighth floor, records show. The Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library is open to the public and the man, Philip Chong, was not a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva asked Chong for his name and birthdate. The two went back and forth for a little bit, and Chong’s answers got progressively more bizarre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Satan for Earth,” he said at one point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The head of the Italian mobsters,” Chong said at another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chong also wouldn’t provide his date of birth.[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Katherine Winder, CSU Attorney']'[T]his case is an egregious example of excessive force that left a public library patron with severe and pervasive injuries.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need you to stop fucking around,” Silva said, his voice becoming agitated as he moved toward Chong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It escalated from there. Silva grabbed Chong’s arm in a wrist lock and pulled him out of the chair to arrest him. They went into a wall and then Silva wrestled with Chong down an aisle of books, eventually going to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roll on your stomach,” Silva yelled at Chong, and then told the man he was going to use his Taser on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva used his Taser on Chong multiple times, kneed him and hit him with a baton. Chong moaned and screamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, other officers arrived and gained control of Chong. He was taken to the hospital with broken ribs, collapsed lungs and cuts on his face and head. Records show Chong spent 10 days in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva's wrist was also fractured in the incident, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police recommended prosecutors charge Chong with lewd acts, resisting arrest, battery on a peace officer and drug possession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police had been called to the library before in regard to Chong. He’d been found vaping one time and was arrested for being on drugs and talking to himself on another occasion.[aside tag='police-records' hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Police-Art_1-1.gif\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chong’s attorney, Stuart Kirchick, called him a “very intelligent young man, but suffering, unfortunately, from a mental illness that started unusually only a few years prior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirchick said that his client spent a few days in jail, but that Santa Clara County prosecutors dismissed all charges after they saw the body-cam footage from the library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He [Chong] was not willing to give his true name to the officer and that just completely set the officer off,” Kirchick said. “I mean he just completely lost his temper and used unreasonable force in the process of detaining him … to just find out his name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chong filed a claim with the university in September 2016 and the school settled, paying him $950,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t the first time Silva had been accused of excessive force. A 2017 lawsuit filed by then-student Alan Chen alleges that Silva and a fellow officer \"flung\" him to the concrete face-first, breaking his teeth and causing him to lose consciousness in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records show, Silva was given a warning in 2015 on a performance evaluation to “not let his frustrations get the best when dealing with uncooperative subjects in the field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school settled with Chen for an undisclosed amount last year. The university has not yet responded to questions about that incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November of 2016, the university launched an internal investigation into the library incident, and Silva was placed on administrative leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university system brought in Morin Jacob, an attorney with the San Francisco-based law firm Liebert Cassidy Whitmore, to assess this incident. She said that Silva “lost control of the situation early by reacting emotionally to Chong.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nJacob found that Silva violated the school’s use-of-force policy each step along the way and that Chong was not a threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva’s choice to use a Taser on Chong’s chest, which can be very dangerous, she found went against the school’s policy requiring officers to avoid that area. And Jacob determined that Silva misled investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Officer Silva claims that Chong pushed him into the wall, but the videos do not support Officer Silva’s account,” she wrote in her report. “Chong did not push Officer Silva into the wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university fired Silva in August 2017. But he appealed with the backing of his department and his fellow officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There isn’t a single peace officer that was involved in this incident that either reviewed the video, that works for the department or was out at the scene of this incident, that says John did anything wrong,” Silva’s attorney, Steven Welty, told the administrative law judge at his State Personnel Board hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welty conceded that the body-cam footage is disturbing, but pointed out that Silva did not ask for this to happen. When Silva arrived on the eighth floor of the library, Welty said the officer was expecting to just give Chong a citation and ask him to leave the building. Silva couldn't be reached for comment Wednesday. Welty did not respond to messages seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva won his appeal and was reinstated in May 2018. The university contested that decision with a strongly worded filing from the school’s attorney, Katherine Winder.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID='news_11755384,news_11744106,news_11726097' label='More Police Secrets Revealed' target='_blank']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In stark contrast to the tale spun by Silva, this case does not represent a reasonable and necessary use of force but rather this case is an egregious example of excessive force that left a public library patron with severe and pervasive injuries,” she wrote. “In revoking Silva’s dismissal, the [judge] determined that Silva’s severe beating of a mentally ill minority member of the public was proper, in a public library at a university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The personnel board declined to reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva never returned to active duty with the school's police force, according to a university spokeswoman. He resigned on Oct. 1, 2018, the day he was scheduled to return to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he apparently still had the support of his former chief, Peter Decena. After about eight years, Decena had left the school in 2017 to head up the Los Gatos-Monte Sereno Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decena hired Silva as a Los Gatos officer in September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief did not respond to specific questions about the March 2016 incident or the additional lawsuit, but issued a press release Wednesday that said he concurred with the State Personnel Board review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He [Silva] participated in our rigorous selection process and completed a thorough background investigation, including a polygraph examination and psychological screening,” Decena said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose State spokeswoman Robin McElhatton said in a statement issued Wednesday that the March 2016 incident was unfortunate, but that safety and security are the university’s top priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are committed to ensuring that we have a well-trained, professional campus police force that complies with professional standards,\" she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Robert Salonga of the Bay Area News Group contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced as part of the California Reporting Project, a collaboration of 40 newsrooms across the state to obtain and report on police misconduct and serious use-of-force records unsealed in 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The CSU system's investigation found Officer Johnathon Silva violated department rules when he broke a suspect's ribs and collapsed his lungs. Silva later resigned and then was hired in Los Gatos.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1563906473,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1552},"headData":{"title":"Former San Jose State Cop Fired for Excessive Force Won Job Back on Appeal | KQED","description":"The CSU system's investigation found Officer Johnathon Silva violated department rules when he broke a suspect's ribs and collapsed his lungs. Silva later resigned and then was hired in Los Gatos.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11759028 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11759028","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/07/03/former-san-jose-state-cop-fired-for-excessive-force-won-job-back-on-appeal/","disqusTitle":"Former San Jose State Cop Fired for Excessive Force Won Job Back on Appeal","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gooJ4bLVro4","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/07/SmallCSUPolice.mp3","audioTrackLength":100,"path":"/news/11759028/former-san-jose-state-cop-fired-for-excessive-force-won-job-back-on-appeal","audioDuration":217000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Jose State University fired Officer Johnathon Silva for excessively beating, kicking and tasering an apparently mentally ill man in a school library in 2016, but the cop won his job back over the objections of administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school released the internal affairs investigation on Wednesday in response to a public records request under the state’s new police transparency law. The records reveal that the university’s administration was directly at odds with the police department over Silva’s actions on March 17, 2016.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'[I]t was my determination that the use of force was within policy.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Peter Decena, Los Gatos-Monte Sereno Police Chief","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officials said he followed his training when confronted with a non-compliant suspect. In the university’s version, Silva was an officer with a history of being short-tempered who “lost control of the situation,” unnecessarily beating a man so badly that his lungs collapsed, and was dishonest about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva is now an officer with the Los Gatos-Monte Sereno Police Department under the same chief who supervised him at San Jose State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the administrative review and recommendations, it was my determination that the use of force was within policy,” Police Chief Peter Decena said in a press release issued Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The files released by the school include graphic body-cam footage showing the incident unfold over about 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Warning, this video contains graphic imagery and language.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BLIC3gaAiBc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BLIC3gaAiBc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>It was the morning of March 17, 2016, when Silva responded to reports from library security officers of a man looking at pornography and potentially masturbating on the eighth floor, records show. The Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library is open to the public and the man, Philip Chong, was not a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva asked Chong for his name and birthdate. The two went back and forth for a little bit, and Chong’s answers got progressively more bizarre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Satan for Earth,” he said at one point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The head of the Italian mobsters,” Chong said at another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chong also wouldn’t provide his date of birth.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'[T]his case is an egregious example of excessive force that left a public library patron with severe and pervasive injuries.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Katherine Winder, CSU Attorney","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need you to stop fucking around,” Silva said, his voice becoming agitated as he moved toward Chong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It escalated from there. Silva grabbed Chong’s arm in a wrist lock and pulled him out of the chair to arrest him. They went into a wall and then Silva wrestled with Chong down an aisle of books, eventually going to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roll on your stomach,” Silva yelled at Chong, and then told the man he was going to use his Taser on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva used his Taser on Chong multiple times, kneed him and hit him with a baton. Chong moaned and screamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, other officers arrived and gained control of Chong. He was taken to the hospital with broken ribs, collapsed lungs and cuts on his face and head. Records show Chong spent 10 days in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva's wrist was also fractured in the incident, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police recommended prosecutors charge Chong with lewd acts, resisting arrest, battery on a peace officer and drug possession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police had been called to the library before in regard to Chong. He’d been found vaping one time and was arrested for being on drugs and talking to himself on another occasion.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"police-records","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Police-Art_1-1.gif","herolink":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records","target":"_blank","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chong’s attorney, Stuart Kirchick, called him a “very intelligent young man, but suffering, unfortunately, from a mental illness that started unusually only a few years prior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirchick said that his client spent a few days in jail, but that Santa Clara County prosecutors dismissed all charges after they saw the body-cam footage from the library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He [Chong] was not willing to give his true name to the officer and that just completely set the officer off,” Kirchick said. “I mean he just completely lost his temper and used unreasonable force in the process of detaining him … to just find out his name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chong filed a claim with the university in September 2016 and the school settled, paying him $950,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t the first time Silva had been accused of excessive force. A 2017 lawsuit filed by then-student Alan Chen alleges that Silva and a fellow officer \"flung\" him to the concrete face-first, breaking his teeth and causing him to lose consciousness in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records show, Silva was given a warning in 2015 on a performance evaluation to “not let his frustrations get the best when dealing with uncooperative subjects in the field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school settled with Chen for an undisclosed amount last year. The university has not yet responded to questions about that incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November of 2016, the university launched an internal investigation into the library incident, and Silva was placed on administrative leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university system brought in Morin Jacob, an attorney with the San Francisco-based law firm Liebert Cassidy Whitmore, to assess this incident. She said that Silva “lost control of the situation early by reacting emotionally to Chong.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nJacob found that Silva violated the school’s use-of-force policy each step along the way and that Chong was not a threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva’s choice to use a Taser on Chong’s chest, which can be very dangerous, she found went against the school’s policy requiring officers to avoid that area. And Jacob determined that Silva misled investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Officer Silva claims that Chong pushed him into the wall, but the videos do not support Officer Silva’s account,” she wrote in her report. “Chong did not push Officer Silva into the wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university fired Silva in August 2017. But he appealed with the backing of his department and his fellow officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There isn’t a single peace officer that was involved in this incident that either reviewed the video, that works for the department or was out at the scene of this incident, that says John did anything wrong,” Silva’s attorney, Steven Welty, told the administrative law judge at his State Personnel Board hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welty conceded that the body-cam footage is disturbing, but pointed out that Silva did not ask for this to happen. When Silva arrived on the eighth floor of the library, Welty said the officer was expecting to just give Chong a citation and ask him to leave the building. Silva couldn't be reached for comment Wednesday. Welty did not respond to messages seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva won his appeal and was reinstated in May 2018. The university contested that decision with a strongly worded filing from the school’s attorney, Katherine Winder.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11755384,news_11744106,news_11726097","label":"More Police Secrets Revealed ","target":"_blank"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In stark contrast to the tale spun by Silva, this case does not represent a reasonable and necessary use of force but rather this case is an egregious example of excessive force that left a public library patron with severe and pervasive injuries,” she wrote. “In revoking Silva’s dismissal, the [judge] determined that Silva’s severe beating of a mentally ill minority member of the public was proper, in a public library at a university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The personnel board declined to reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silva never returned to active duty with the school's police force, according to a university spokeswoman. He resigned on Oct. 1, 2018, the day he was scheduled to return to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he apparently still had the support of his former chief, Peter Decena. After about eight years, Decena had left the school in 2017 to head up the Los Gatos-Monte Sereno Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decena hired Silva as a Los Gatos officer in September 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief did not respond to specific questions about the March 2016 incident or the additional lawsuit, but issued a press release Wednesday that said he concurred with the State Personnel Board review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He [Silva] participated in our rigorous selection process and completed a thorough background investigation, including a polygraph examination and psychological screening,” Decena said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose State spokeswoman Robin McElhatton said in a statement issued Wednesday that the March 2016 incident was unfortunate, but that safety and security are the university’s top priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are committed to ensuring that we have a well-trained, professional campus police force that complies with professional standards,\" she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Robert Salonga of the Bay Area News Group contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced as part of the California Reporting Project, a collaboration of 40 newsrooms across the state to obtain and report on police misconduct and serious use-of-force records unsealed in 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11759028/former-san-jose-state-cop-fired-for-excessive-force-won-job-back-on-appeal","authors":["8676","6625"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_25303","news_19542","news_24767","news_24770","news_5711","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11759040","label":"news"},"news_11743695":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11743695","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11743695","score":null,"sort":[1556670053000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"at-fly-fishing-world-championships-in-s-f-international-competitors-angle-for-glory","title":"At Fly Fishing World Championships in S.F., International Competitors Angle for Glory","publishDate":1556670053,"format":"video","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>This past weekend, the titans of fly fishing flocked to San Francisco's Golden Gate Park with waders and rods to compete in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggacc.org/spey-o-rama\">Spey-O-Rama\u003c/a>, the world championship of long-distance Spey casting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://streamsideorvis.com/2018/02/spey-casting-basics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spey casting\u003c/a> is named for the River Spey in Scotland, where anglers developed techniques nearly two centuries ago to send their lines dozens of feet over the water to hook salmon and sea trout. It’s now become an international sport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Libby Wolfensperger, tournament chair\"]'When it’s done right, it just becomes a physical extension of the person, and it’s just astounding.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once every year all the ninja warriors of Spey casting are converging for Spey-O-Rama,” said Xavier Carbonnet with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggacc.org/spey-o-rama\">Golden Gate Angling and Casting Club\u003c/a>, which hosts the three-day event at their ponds. “These are some of the longest casts in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, anglers from 14 countries — including the U.K., Russia, Japan, Korea, Argentina, Canada and the U.S. — competed for the title.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the tournament, competitors wade thigh-deep into the water and have six minutes to complete a series of two-handed casts from both their strong and weak sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highlight for many spectators is the Snake Roll, in which the caster loops the rod through the air in a circular motion, animating the line above the water, before drawing back and shooting it forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re making these beautiful sweeping motions that are extended through the rod and the line,” said tournament chair Libby Wolfensperger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s done right, it just becomes a physical extension of the person, and it’s just astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Kara Knight casts in the women's final of Spey-O-Rama. Knight had the long cast in the women's field, reaching 136 feet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11744021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-800x509.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing.jpg 1115w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kara Knight casts in the women's final of Spey-O-Rama. Knight had the long cast in the women's field, reaching 136 feet. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the clock times out, the longest of each of the four types of cast are tallied into a single score. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prizes — which this year included glass trophies, handmade fishing reels and bottles of aged Scotch — are awarded for total score as well as the longest cast in men’s, women’s and senior divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743772\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743772\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-1200x676.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-1920x1082.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Champions took home trophies, handmade fishing reels and top-shelf Scotch for their victories on Sunday. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year’s men’s champion Gerard Downey of Ireland picked up his sixth Spey-O-Rama title and made the longest cast of the tournament at 191 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior division champion Martin Kiely broke the tournament record for ages 55 and up with a cast of 169 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743768\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743768\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-800x647.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-800x647.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-1020x825.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-1200x970.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285.jpg 1310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spey-O-Rama men's champs, (L-R) Tommy Aarkvisla (2nd), Gerard Downey (1st), Zach Zack Williams (3rd). Downey's longest cast hit 191 feet. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Not Just Old Guys\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tournament officials say they've seen a growing interest in fly fishing in women and young people in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's event included a record number of female entries with nine, and the ages of competitors ranged from casters in their early 20s to those in their 80s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolfensperger says the beauty of Spey casting is that with enough practice, anyone can learn how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes skill. Does it take a lot of strength? No. So the women are competing and really, really as good as men,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kara Knight, who finished third overall in the women’s field, had the longest individual cast in the division, hitting 136 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s becoming more accessible to ladies,\" she said of the sport. \"It's great to be out here and show other people they can do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spey-O-Rama women's champs (L-R) Whitney Gould (1st), Mia Sheppard (2nd), Kara Knight (3rd). \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it's about more than just competition. Knight, who made her sixth trip from British Columbia for Spey-O-Rama, says the camaraderie and sense of community is what draws her back each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming up for the tournament, rivals can been seen giving each other tips and comparing gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone wants the best for each other, even among the competitors in the same field,” Knight said. “It is like a family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Knight isn’t in the water competing herself, she said she's a fan, like the estimated 200-300 spectators who came to Golden Gate Park to watch the tournament over the course of the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people are the best in the world at what they’re doing. They set records every year it seems, so it’s pretty neat to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Over the weekend, fly fishermen - and a record number of women - from 14 countries competed for the 16th Annual Spey-O-Rama World Championship in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1556835857,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":803},"headData":{"title":"At Fly Fishing World Championships in S.F., International Competitors Angle for Glory | KQED","description":"Over the weekend, fly fishermen - and a record number of women - from 14 countries competed for the 16th Annual Spey-O-Rama World Championship in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11743695 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11743695","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/04/30/at-fly-fishing-world-championships-in-s-f-international-competitors-angle-for-glory/","disqusTitle":"At Fly Fishing World Championships in S.F., International Competitors Angle for Glory","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/NcGcGJ-E4oE","source":"Sports","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/05/ArcuniSpeyORama.mp3","audioTrackLength":108,"path":"/news/11743695/at-fly-fishing-world-championships-in-s-f-international-competitors-angle-for-glory","audioDuration":108000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This past weekend, the titans of fly fishing flocked to San Francisco's Golden Gate Park with waders and rods to compete in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggacc.org/spey-o-rama\">Spey-O-Rama\u003c/a>, the world championship of long-distance Spey casting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://streamsideorvis.com/2018/02/spey-casting-basics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spey casting\u003c/a> is named for the River Spey in Scotland, where anglers developed techniques nearly two centuries ago to send their lines dozens of feet over the water to hook salmon and sea trout. It’s now become an international sport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'When it’s done right, it just becomes a physical extension of the person, and it’s just astounding.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"Libby Wolfensperger, tournament chair","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once every year all the ninja warriors of Spey casting are converging for Spey-O-Rama,” said Xavier Carbonnet with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ggacc.org/spey-o-rama\">Golden Gate Angling and Casting Club\u003c/a>, which hosts the three-day event at their ponds. “These are some of the longest casts in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, anglers from 14 countries — including the U.K., Russia, Japan, Korea, Argentina, Canada and the U.S. — competed for the title.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the tournament, competitors wade thigh-deep into the water and have six minutes to complete a series of two-handed casts from both their strong and weak sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highlight for many spectators is the Snake Roll, in which the caster loops the rod through the air in a circular motion, animating the line above the water, before drawing back and shooting it forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re making these beautiful sweeping motions that are extended through the rod and the line,” said tournament chair Libby Wolfensperger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s done right, it just becomes a physical extension of the person, and it’s just astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Kara Knight casts in the women's final of Spey-O-Rama. Knight had the long cast in the women's field, reaching 136 feet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11744021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-800x509.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Kara-Knight-Casting-Fly-Fishing.jpg 1115w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kara Knight casts in the women's final of Spey-O-Rama. Knight had the long cast in the women's field, reaching 136 feet. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the clock times out, the longest of each of the four types of cast are tallied into a single score. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prizes — which this year included glass trophies, handmade fishing reels and bottles of aged Scotch — are awarded for total score as well as the longest cast in men’s, women’s and senior divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743772\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743772\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-1020x575.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-1200x676.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes-1920x1082.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Prizes.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Champions took home trophies, handmade fishing reels and top-shelf Scotch for their victories on Sunday. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year’s men’s champion Gerard Downey of Ireland picked up his sixth Spey-O-Rama title and made the longest cast of the tournament at 191 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior division champion Martin Kiely broke the tournament record for ages 55 and up with a cast of 169 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743768\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743768\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-800x647.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-800x647.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-160x129.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-1020x825.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285-1200x970.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Mens-Champs-e1556653445285.jpg 1310w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spey-O-Rama men's champs, (L-R) Tommy Aarkvisla (2nd), Gerard Downey (1st), Zach Zack Williams (3rd). Downey's longest cast hit 191 feet. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's Not Just Old Guys\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tournament officials say they've seen a growing interest in fly fishing in women and young people in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's event included a record number of female entries with nine, and the ages of competitors ranged from casters in their early 20s to those in their 80s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolfensperger says the beauty of Spey casting is that with enough practice, anyone can learn how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes skill. Does it take a lot of strength? No. So the women are competing and really, really as good as men,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kara Knight, who finished third overall in the women’s field, had the longest individual cast in the division, hitting 136 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s becoming more accessible to ladies,\" she said of the sport. \"It's great to be out here and show other people they can do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11743766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Womens-champs.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spey-O-Rama women's champs (L-R) Whitney Gould (1st), Mia Sheppard (2nd), Kara Knight (3rd). \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it's about more than just competition. Knight, who made her sixth trip from British Columbia for Spey-O-Rama, says the camaraderie and sense of community is what draws her back each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming up for the tournament, rivals can been seen giving each other tips and comparing gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone wants the best for each other, even among the competitors in the same field,” Knight said. “It is like a family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Knight isn’t in the water competing herself, she said she's a fan, like the estimated 200-300 spectators who came to Golden Gate Park to watch the tournament over the course of the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people are the best in the world at what they’re doing. They set records every year it seems, so it’s pretty neat to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11743695/at-fly-fishing-world-championships-in-s-f-international-competitors-angle-for-glory","authors":["11368"],"categories":["news_8","news_10"],"tags":["news_18008","news_823","news_38","news_111","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11744046","label":"source_news_11743695"},"news_11742748":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11742748","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11742748","score":null,"sort":[1556320465000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"unwrapping-the-california-origins-of-the-fortune-cookie","title":"Unwrapping the California Origins of the Fortune Cookie","publishDate":1556320465,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Unwrapping the California Origins of the Fortune Cookie | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>What comes with the check at almost every Chinese restaurant? Fortune cookies. Like orange slices after a blood draw or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731290/how-bill-grahams-nazi-escape-might-explain-his-fillmore-apples\">apples at San Francisco’s Fillmore\u003c/a>, they’re a given. But how did they come to be? Are they really Chinese? And if so, why do they serve them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.japaneseteagardensf.com/\">Japanese Tea Garden\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11742906\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tea cookies and green tea served at the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a chilly morning, I meet Steven Pitsenbarger at the front gate of the Tea Garden. He’s a gardener here and a bit of a historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people put the Japanese Tea Garden in the same box as Alcatraz or Fisherman’s Wharf,” Pitsenbarger says. “But we are really a gem that’s for San Francisco — just as much as it’s for the tourists.”\u003cbr>\n[baycuriousbug]\u003cbr>\nHe tells me the garden was originally an exhibit in the\u003ca href=\"http://www.outsidelands.org/1894_midwinter_fair.php\"> California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894, \u003c/a>then tended by a landscape architect named Makoto Hagiwara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was an early immigrant from Japan,” says Pitsenbarger. “He came a decade before most Japanese immigrants came. A lot of folks came in the late 1880s and 1890s. But he came in 1878.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagiwara started serving visitors fortune cookies along with green tea in the garden’s tea house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11743019\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-800x1049.jpg\" alt=\"Makoto Hagiwara and his daughter in 1924.\" width=\"324\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-800x1049.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-160x210.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-1020x1337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-915x1200.jpg 915w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-1920x2517.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut.jpg 1562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Makoto Hagiwara and his daughter in 1924. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The story that I understand is he took a Japanese cookie, senbei, and he got the idea to put a little note in it, and originally started making the cookies by hand here with just a little flat press,” says Pitsenbarger. “They would fold the cookies while they were still fresh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wow. So this could be the birthplace of the fortune cookie?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Author Jennifer 8. Lee says of the fortune cookie']‘I like to say that the Japanese invented them, the Chinese popularized them, but the Americans ultimately consume them.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t see anything that marked this historical culinary invention until we went to the gift shop. Mounted to the top of a display case are two small black iron presses with long, thin handles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called kata, and are used to make senbei or Japanese crackers. Inside they’re engraved with an H and an M — inverted they would appear on the cookies as MH for \u003ca href=\"https://hanascape.com/japanese-tea-garden\">Makoto Hagiwara.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you came to the garden while he was managing it, everything had his name on it. Napkins would say M. Hagiwara. There would be pots in the garden with M. Hagiwara … tea pots, tea cups. His name was everywhere, and the fortune cookie is one of those things that helped to spread his popularity,” Pitsenbarger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And make the cookies popular, too. But since each fortune cookie was being made by hand, demand became too much for the Hagiwara family. Makoto asked a local confectionary shop, Benkyodo, to take over making the cookies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742883\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 352px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742883\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-800x1115.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-800x1115.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-160x223.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-1020x1421.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-861x1200.jpg 861w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1.jpg 1470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benkyodo on San Francisco’s Geary Boulevard in 1906. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy: Gary T. Ono)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Suyeichi Okamura opened \u003ca href=\"http://www.benkyodocompany.com/\">Benkyodo\u003c/a> in 1906 and after a few moves, it’s located today at Sutter and Buchanan in San Francisco’s Japantown. His grandson, Gary T. Ono, is the family’s historian and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2007/10/31/fortune-cookie/\">written articles\u003c/a> about his family’s connection to the fortune cookie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 210px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-800x1227.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-800x1227.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-160x245.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-1020x1564.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-783x1200.jpg 783w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-1920x2944.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1.jpg 1336w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary T. Ono’s grandfather, Suyeichi Okamura, opened Benkyodo in 1906. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy: Gary T. Ono)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I went to visit Ono in Los Angeles, in his apartment in Little Tokyo. A giant foam fortune cookie hangs in the living room, and the fortune poking out of it reads: “Made In Japan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ono drags out a heavy suitcase from a closet and pulls out several kata wrapped in newspaper. They sport the familiar initials: MH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandfather was a service person to Makoto Hagiwara,” Ono says. “And advised Hagiwara in converting the taste (of the fortune cookie) to something more palatable to American tastes. So they came up with a vanilla extract flavor that we know today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 203px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This flat-iron press, called a kata, was originally used to make fortune cookies for the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park. The initials MH stand for creator Makoto Hagiwara. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says Benkyodo helped develop a machine to mass produce the cookies for the garden, sometime around 1911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742881\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742881\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary T. Ono holds two kata from his grandfather’s bakery, Benkyodo. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ono isn’t the only one to make family claims to the origins of the fortune cookie: A few Chinese companies have also claimed the invention, as has another Japanese sweet-maker in Los Angeles called \u003ca href=\"http://www.fugetsu-do.com/history.htm\">Fugetsu-Do\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Kito owns Fugetsu-Do, just down the street from Gary Ono in Los Angeles. Brian’s grandfather opened Fugetsu-Do in 1903, three years before Benkyodo opened in San Francisco. And Gary says Brian heard similar stories about his grandfather creating the fortune cookie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were never confrontational about it or argumentative. We didn’t know precisely that our grandparents did this or did that,” Ono says. “[Brian] even said, ‘Well, if it wasn’t my grandfather, I hope it’s your grandfather.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Jhmz2Al_pjA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Author Jennifer 8. Lee says you can probably trace the history of fortune cookies in America back to L.A. and San Francisco. But as a concept, they go back to Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And in Japan they’re called tsujiura senbei or bell crackers,” says Lee, who traced the history of the American fortune cookie in her book, “The Fortune Cookie Chronicles: Adventures In the World of Chinese Food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee writes about Yasuko Nakamachi, a Japanese researcher whom she met through Gary Ono. Nakamachi was investigating the connection between the fortune cookies she saw in New York with a cracker made in Kyoto. She unearthed a copy of a woodblock print from 1878 of a Japanese man grilling fortune cookies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 515px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11743033\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36753_woodblock-senbei-cooking-copy_jpg_515x515_detail_q85-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36753_woodblock-senbei-cooking-copy_jpg_515x515_detail_q85-qut.jpg 515w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36753_woodblock-senbei-cooking-copy_jpg_515x515_detail_q85-qut-160x117.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Japanese woodblock print showing fortune cookies being grilled dates back to 1878. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy; Gary Ono)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Around the shrine in downtown Kyoto, there are actually a bunch of families that still make ‘fortune cookies’ in the Japanese tradition,” says Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re actually bigger and browner. They’re made with miso paste and sesame, so much nuttier than the American versions, which tend to be yellow and buttery, reflecting the American palate,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those cookies also have fortunes, but not inside. Instead they’re pinched in the fold. They look almost exactly the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how did this American adaptation of a Japanese cracker become so associated with Chinese restaurants?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the Japanese first came to the U.S., a lot of them actually ran Chinese restaurants, because back in the 1910s and 1920s Americans were not eating sushi,” says Lee. “You had Japanese opening Chinese restaurants because that was familiar, with chop suey and chow mein and egg fu yung.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='golden-state-plate' label='More stories from the Golden State Plate series']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this mix of Japanese families opening Chinese restaurants, they began serving fortune cookies as a form of dessert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back then, they were not called fortune cookies, they were called fortune tea cakes, which is actually a better reflection of their name in Japanese,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakeries like Benkyodo and Fugetso-Do manufactured fortune cookies for decades until 1942, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, ordering people of Japanese descent into internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortune cookie makers were among those interned. During World War II, Chinese restaurants surged in popularity and began manufacturing cookies “en masse,” Lee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to say that the Japanese invented them, the Chinese popularized them, but the Americans ultimately consume them,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Ono’s family was lucky. After being released from the camps, they resumed their business in San Francisco and reclaimed their property. But others weren’t: Many Japanese confectionaries stopped making the cookies after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Ono’s family connection to the fortune cookie lives on at the \u003ca href=\"https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2010/07/origins-of-a-fortune-cookie.html\">Smithsonian\u003c/a>‘s National Museum of American History, where three of Benkyodo’s katas now reside.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11742907 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the fortune cookies served at the Japanese Tea Garden? They now come from \u003ca href=\"http://www.meemeebakery.com/\">Mee Mee Bakery\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There are California and Japanese connections to the fortune cookie, going back more than a century. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1711753947,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1486},"headData":{"title":"Unwrapping the California Origins of the Fortune Cookie | KQED","description":"There are California and Japanese connections to the fortune cookie, going back more than a century. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Food","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/food","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/04/FortuneCookiesRacho.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":392,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11742748/unwrapping-the-california-origins-of-the-fortune-cookie","audioDuration":392000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What comes with the check at almost every Chinese restaurant? Fortune cookies. Like orange slices after a blood draw or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731290/how-bill-grahams-nazi-escape-might-explain-his-fillmore-apples\">apples at San Francisco’s Fillmore\u003c/a>, they’re a given. But how did they come to be? Are they really Chinese? And if so, why do they serve them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.japaneseteagardensf.com/\">Japanese Tea Garden\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11742906\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36697_IMG_0183-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tea cookies and green tea served at the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a chilly morning, I meet Steven Pitsenbarger at the front gate of the Tea Garden. He’s a gardener here and a bit of a historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people put the Japanese Tea Garden in the same box as Alcatraz or Fisherman’s Wharf,” Pitsenbarger says. “But we are really a gem that’s for San Francisco — just as much as it’s for the tourists.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nHe tells me the garden was originally an exhibit in the\u003ca href=\"http://www.outsidelands.org/1894_midwinter_fair.php\"> California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894, \u003c/a>then tended by a landscape architect named Makoto Hagiwara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was an early immigrant from Japan,” says Pitsenbarger. “He came a decade before most Japanese immigrants came. A lot of folks came in the late 1880s and 1890s. But he came in 1878.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagiwara started serving visitors fortune cookies along with green tea in the garden’s tea house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11743019\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-800x1049.jpg\" alt=\"Makoto Hagiwara and his daughter in 1924.\" width=\"324\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-800x1049.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-160x210.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-1020x1337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-915x1200.jpg 915w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut-1920x2517.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36763_aad-2922JPG-qut.jpg 1562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Makoto Hagiwara and his daughter in 1924. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The story that I understand is he took a Japanese cookie, senbei, and he got the idea to put a little note in it, and originally started making the cookies by hand here with just a little flat press,” says Pitsenbarger. “They would fold the cookies while they were still fresh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wow. So this could be the birthplace of the fortune cookie?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I like to say that the Japanese invented them, the Chinese popularized them, but the Americans ultimately consume them.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Author Jennifer 8. Lee says of the fortune cookie","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t see anything that marked this historical culinary invention until we went to the gift shop. Mounted to the top of a display case are two small black iron presses with long, thin handles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called kata, and are used to make senbei or Japanese crackers. Inside they’re engraved with an H and an M — inverted they would appear on the cookies as MH for \u003ca href=\"https://hanascape.com/japanese-tea-garden\">Makoto Hagiwara.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you came to the garden while he was managing it, everything had his name on it. Napkins would say M. Hagiwara. There would be pots in the garden with M. Hagiwara … tea pots, tea cups. His name was everywhere, and the fortune cookie is one of those things that helped to spread his popularity,” Pitsenbarger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And make the cookies popular, too. But since each fortune cookie was being made by hand, demand became too much for the Hagiwara family. Makoto asked a local confectionary shop, Benkyodo, to take over making the cookies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742883\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 352px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742883\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-800x1115.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-800x1115.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-160x223.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-1020x1421.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1-861x1200.jpg 861w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36751_Benkyodo-outsiide-retouch-300-copy-qut-1.jpg 1470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benkyodo on San Francisco’s Geary Boulevard in 1906. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy: Gary T. Ono)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Suyeichi Okamura opened \u003ca href=\"http://www.benkyodocompany.com/\">Benkyodo\u003c/a> in 1906 and after a few moves, it’s located today at Sutter and Buchanan in San Francisco’s Japantown. His grandson, Gary T. Ono, is the family’s historian and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2007/10/31/fortune-cookie/\">written articles\u003c/a> about his family’s connection to the fortune cookie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 210px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-800x1227.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-800x1227.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-160x245.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-1020x1564.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-783x1200.jpg 783w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1-1920x2944.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36752_Suyeichi-Portrait-qut-1.jpg 1336w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary T. Ono’s grandfather, Suyeichi Okamura, opened Benkyodo in 1906. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy: Gary T. Ono)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I went to visit Ono in Los Angeles, in his apartment in Little Tokyo. A giant foam fortune cookie hangs in the living room, and the fortune poking out of it reads: “Made In Japan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ono drags out a heavy suitcase from a closet and pulls out several kata wrapped in newspaper. They sport the familiar initials: MH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandfather was a service person to Makoto Hagiwara,” Ono says. “And advised Hagiwara in converting the taste (of the fortune cookie) to something more palatable to American tastes. So they came up with a vanilla extract flavor that we know today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 203px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36718_IMG_0808-qut-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This flat-iron press, called a kata, was originally used to make fortune cookies for the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park. The initials MH stand for creator Makoto Hagiwara. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says Benkyodo helped develop a machine to mass produce the cookies for the garden, sometime around 1911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11742881\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11742881\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36723_IMG_0813-qut-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary T. Ono holds two kata from his grandfather’s bakery, Benkyodo. \u003ccite>(Suzie Racho/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ono isn’t the only one to make family claims to the origins of the fortune cookie: A few Chinese companies have also claimed the invention, as has another Japanese sweet-maker in Los Angeles called \u003ca href=\"http://www.fugetsu-do.com/history.htm\">Fugetsu-Do\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Kito owns Fugetsu-Do, just down the street from Gary Ono in Los Angeles. Brian’s grandfather opened Fugetsu-Do in 1903, three years before Benkyodo opened in San Francisco. And Gary says Brian heard similar stories about his grandfather creating the fortune cookie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were never confrontational about it or argumentative. We didn’t know precisely that our grandparents did this or did that,” Ono says. “[Brian] even said, ‘Well, if it wasn’t my grandfather, I hope it’s your grandfather.'”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Jhmz2Al_pjA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Jhmz2Al_pjA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Author Jennifer 8. Lee says you can probably trace the history of fortune cookies in America back to L.A. and San Francisco. But as a concept, they go back to Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And in Japan they’re called tsujiura senbei or bell crackers,” says Lee, who traced the history of the American fortune cookie in her book, “The Fortune Cookie Chronicles: Adventures In the World of Chinese Food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee writes about Yasuko Nakamachi, a Japanese researcher whom she met through Gary Ono. Nakamachi was investigating the connection between the fortune cookies she saw in New York with a cracker made in Kyoto. She unearthed a copy of a woodblock print from 1878 of a Japanese man grilling fortune cookies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11743033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 515px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11743033\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36753_woodblock-senbei-cooking-copy_jpg_515x515_detail_q85-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36753_woodblock-senbei-cooking-copy_jpg_515x515_detail_q85-qut.jpg 515w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36753_woodblock-senbei-cooking-copy_jpg_515x515_detail_q85-qut-160x117.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Japanese woodblock print showing fortune cookies being grilled dates back to 1878. \u003ccite>(Photo Courtesy; Gary Ono)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Around the shrine in downtown Kyoto, there are actually a bunch of families that still make ‘fortune cookies’ in the Japanese tradition,” says Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re actually bigger and browner. They’re made with miso paste and sesame, so much nuttier than the American versions, which tend to be yellow and buttery, reflecting the American palate,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those cookies also have fortunes, but not inside. Instead they’re pinched in the fold. They look almost exactly the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how did this American adaptation of a Japanese cracker become so associated with Chinese restaurants?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the Japanese first came to the U.S., a lot of them actually ran Chinese restaurants, because back in the 1910s and 1920s Americans were not eating sushi,” says Lee. “You had Japanese opening Chinese restaurants because that was familiar, with chop suey and chow mein and egg fu yung.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"golden-state-plate","label":"More stories from the Golden State Plate series "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this mix of Japanese families opening Chinese restaurants, they began serving fortune cookies as a form of dessert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back then, they were not called fortune cookies, they were called fortune tea cakes, which is actually a better reflection of their name in Japanese,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bakeries like Benkyodo and Fugetso-Do manufactured fortune cookies for decades until 1942, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, ordering people of Japanese descent into internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortune cookie makers were among those interned. During World War II, Chinese restaurants surged in popularity and began manufacturing cookies “en masse,” Lee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to say that the Japanese invented them, the Chinese popularized them, but the Americans ultimately consume them,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Ono’s family was lucky. After being released from the camps, they resumed their business in San Francisco and reclaimed their property. But others weren’t: Many Japanese confectionaries stopped making the cookies after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Ono’s family connection to the fortune cookie lives on at the \u003ca href=\"https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2010/07/origins-of-a-fortune-cookie.html\">Smithsonian\u003c/a>‘s National Museum of American History, where three of Benkyodo’s katas now reside.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11742907 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36705_IMG_0191-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the fortune cookies served at the Japanese Tea Garden? They now come from \u003ca href=\"http://www.meemeebakery.com/\">Mee Mee Bakery\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11742748/unwrapping-the-california-origins-of-the-fortune-cookie","authors":["107"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_24115"],"categories":["news_223","news_24114","news_8"],"tags":["news_393","news_823","news_24116","news_22582","news_23056","news_38","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11743018","label":"source_news_11742748"},"news_11740891":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11740891","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11740891","score":null,"sort":[1555717493000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"my-sister-cant-speak-but-she-makes-herself-heard","title":"My Sister Can’t Speak, But She Makes Herself Heard","publishDate":1555717493,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>I was there the night my sister, Ana, was born at San Francisco’s Mount Zion Hospital. I was 9, and I watched as she came out blue, the umbilical cord snarled around her neck. Those unknown minutes her brain was deprived of oxygen had a lasting impact. She was eventually diagnosed with athetoid cerebral palsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s 37 now. Caregivers help feed and dress her, and she talks through a device attached to her wheelchair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Roby39SpIEE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a baby, she endured terrible seizures. But she could read by the time she was 3. Her life has been marked by stunning accomplishments: traveling to Europe to present at conferences, giving talks at schools around the Bay Area, meeting renowned theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11740897\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11740897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36587_Ana-meets-hawking_0130-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36587_Ana-meets-hawking_0130-qut.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36587_Ana-meets-hawking_0130-qut-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana met Stephen Hawking when he gave a lecture at UC Berkeley in 2007. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ana Berlowitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ana also faces life-threatening challenges. The simple act of eating can be terrifying. All of her food has to be blended, and she sometimes chokes when she eats. She’s dealt with staph infections that have landed her in the hospital, over and over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But somehow Ana has weathered all of this with patience, even humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we were kids, I always worried about something terrible happening to her. I felt powerless to protect her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now Ana Berlowitz is writing a book about her life, an incredible feat given the exhausting effort it takes to spell out even single words on her communication device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741261\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 316px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11741261\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"316\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut.jpg 1904w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-160x167.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-800x836.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-1020x1066.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-1148x1200.jpg 1148w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz and her sister, Victoria Mauleón, in 1983. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Victoria Mauleón)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Throughout my life, people expected very little of me,” she says in the introduction to her book. “I had to work to make myself heard, and even then, not everyone got what I was about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as I’ve been reading the drafts of her book, I’ve been horrified to learn about the ways she’s been hurt by people who’ve broken her trust, taken advantage of her and not let her advocate for herself. I asked her if I could sit down with her to talk about what it means to try to make yourself heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ana recently moved from Oakland to San Francisco, in part so she could be closer to me and other family members. I try to see her once a week, and on this visit, I bring my audio recording kit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we first see each other, her huge blue eyes flicker with joy, and she flails her arms. That’s because the kind of cerebral palsy she has makes it hard for her to control her movements, especially when she's excited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz is writing a memoir called \"Cerebral Scenes: My Life and Other Natural Disasters.\" She types the words on her communication device and her mother, Judith, enters them into a Google Doc. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once Ana calms down, she looks intensely at her communication device. She can’t use her hands to type. Instead, there’s a reflective dot attached to her glasses, and it controls a tracker in the device. Moving her head slowly, she types something out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about 30 seconds, the device spits out one word: \"Hi!\" The voice sounds a bit like a younger Siri, but more electronic, stiffer and a little crackly. And the device is not always reliable. A lot of times — because it's not working or one of the people taking care of her forgot to charge it — she is silenced, unable to communicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can recall countless times, on airplanes, in restaurants or even at home, when her communication devices would fail her. Our mother would break out the hand-drawn, laminated sheets of paper she created for Ana when she was first learning how to read. One of us would point to pictures or words, Ana arching her body back in assent when we got to the right one, painstakingly spelling out her needs and desires, letter by letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unable to use her voice to speak, Ana Berlowitz began reading when she was 3. Her mother, Judith Berlowitz, created several hand-drawn boards so Ana could communicate by pointing to words or images. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I ask Ana what it feels like to rely on other people and machines to express herself. She moves her head again, activating a beep from her communication device as she types the word “Weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I press her to say more. “Like a robot,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And what does that feel like?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11741263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"324\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-160x166.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-800x832.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-1020x1060.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-1155x1200.jpg 1155w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz, her sister Victoria Mauleón, and their mother Judith Berlowitz, in 1982. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Victoria Mauleón)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She devotes a lot of her book to talking about the caregivers and attendants she’s had over the years. I ask her why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's. So. So. Important,” she responds. I ask her what it feels like to have people take care of her in such intimate ways: helping feed her, taking her to the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I. Feel. Like. A. Baby,” she types. And then she clicks another button with her tracker so the words come out in a sentence. “I feel like a baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ana has had some wonderful attendants over the years. They’ve cared for her with respect and kindness. They share meals, adventures. They are there for her when we, her family, can’t be. But in the book she's writing, she describes the ways in which some of the people charged with taking care of her have hurt her, whether by accident or neglect:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I refuse to let anybody control me. Whenever someone tries to look over my shoulder at my communication device “just for fun,” without asking my permission, I feel abused. When people have ignored me when I’ve told them I needed to go to the bathroom, I feel abused. I have gotten urinary tract infections from holding it in too long, and have soiled myself from being ignored. Some of my attendants have ripped away my communication device because they did not want to hear me. ... I can’t stand it when people ignore me or neglect me. That is as cruel as physical abuse.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hearing that guts me, makes me angry and sad. “It really is abuse, what you experienced,” I tell her. “But I'm really glad to hear that you refuse to let anybody control you or hurt you in this way. How will you do that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Train,” she says, meaning training her attendants to do a better job in caring for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741224\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Because Ana's condition makes chewing food difficult, all of her meals have to be blended. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ana also writes about a boyfriend she had for nine years. He also has cerebral palsy and uses a wheelchair. In her book, she describes how he would use her caregivers for his own personal care and never pay them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When we went anywhere I always ended up paying. He made me sleep naked after I bought all those cute negligees. I guess I was trying to please him. God only knows why I let this happen. As a disabled woman it is hard to find love and I just wanted a boyfriend.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Although he wielded a lot of power over her, she eventually broke up with him. I ask her how her experience with him impacted the way she sees relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to be careful of who you date,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask her what she wants people to know about what it's like to live with her disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Struggling to keep her head still, she aims the reflective dot on her glasses at the tracker in her communication device. The letters “A. M. A. Z.” sound, and then the word “Amazing.” I ask her why it’s amazing to have cerebral palsy, and she stares at her device and continues typing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So. Many. Opportunities.” She goes on to name some of the things she’s able to do: swimming, taking dance classes, all of the public speaking engagements she’s had at conferences and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz being interviewed by her sister, The California Report's senior editor, Victoria Mauleón, with their mother Judith Berlowitz in the background. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listing all those opportunities is so ... Ana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize I have so much to learn about my sister and about what it means to be disabled. And that I need to check my own assumptions, judgments and pity. Ana says that’s one of the reasons why she’s writing her book. In one chapter she describes a high school class she took about popular culture:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I gave a presentation on disability as a culture. That idea stuck in my head. The disability community is my culture. People need to understand my culture just as I need to understand theirs.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“People. Fought. Really. Hard,” she types out on her communication device, and then clicks, “People fought really hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the rights of people with disabilities?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes,” she clicks, and the robotic words — her words, coming through the device — exclaim, “Never give up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I write this book for the young generation,\" Ana says in her memoir, \"hoping you can be heard and understood, no matter what voice you use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"“Throughout my life, people expected very little of me,\" Ana Berlowitz writes in her memoir. \"I had to work to make myself heard, and even then, not everyone got what I was about.”","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1555718904,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1634},"headData":{"title":"My Sister Can’t Speak, But She Makes Herself Heard | KQED","description":"“Throughout my life, people expected very little of me," Ana Berlowitz writes in her memoir. "I had to work to make myself heard, and even then, not everyone got what I was about.”","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11740891 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11740891","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/04/19/my-sister-cant-speak-but-she-makes-herself-heard/","disqusTitle":"My Sister Can’t Speak, But She Makes Herself Heard","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/04/TCRMAG20190419B.mp3","audioTrackLength":619,"path":"/news/11740891/my-sister-cant-speak-but-she-makes-herself-heard","audioDuration":619000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I was there the night my sister, Ana, was born at San Francisco’s Mount Zion Hospital. I was 9, and I watched as she came out blue, the umbilical cord snarled around her neck. Those unknown minutes her brain was deprived of oxygen had a lasting impact. She was eventually diagnosed with athetoid cerebral palsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s 37 now. Caregivers help feed and dress her, and she talks through a device attached to her wheelchair.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Roby39SpIEE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Roby39SpIEE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As a baby, she endured terrible seizures. But she could read by the time she was 3. Her life has been marked by stunning accomplishments: traveling to Europe to present at conferences, giving talks at schools around the Bay Area, meeting renowned theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11740897\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11740897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36587_Ana-meets-hawking_0130-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36587_Ana-meets-hawking_0130-qut.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36587_Ana-meets-hawking_0130-qut-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana met Stephen Hawking when he gave a lecture at UC Berkeley in 2007. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ana Berlowitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ana also faces life-threatening challenges. The simple act of eating can be terrifying. All of her food has to be blended, and she sometimes chokes when she eats. She’s dealt with staph infections that have landed her in the hospital, over and over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But somehow Ana has weathered all of this with patience, even humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we were kids, I always worried about something terrible happening to her. I felt powerless to protect her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now Ana Berlowitz is writing a book about her life, an incredible feat given the exhausting effort it takes to spell out even single words on her communication device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741261\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 316px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11741261\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"316\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut.jpg 1904w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-160x167.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-800x836.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-1020x1066.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36622_Vic-and-Ana-1983-cropped-qut-1148x1200.jpg 1148w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz and her sister, Victoria Mauleón, in 1983. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Victoria Mauleón)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Throughout my life, people expected very little of me,” she says in the introduction to her book. “I had to work to make myself heard, and even then, not everyone got what I was about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as I’ve been reading the drafts of her book, I’ve been horrified to learn about the ways she’s been hurt by people who’ve broken her trust, taken advantage of her and not let her advocate for herself. I asked her if I could sit down with her to talk about what it means to try to make yourself heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ana recently moved from Oakland to San Francisco, in part so she could be closer to me and other family members. I try to see her once a week, and on this visit, I bring my audio recording kit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we first see each other, her huge blue eyes flicker with joy, and she flails her arms. That’s because the kind of cerebral palsy she has makes it hard for her to control her movements, especially when she's excited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36606__M6A0137-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz is writing a memoir called \"Cerebral Scenes: My Life and Other Natural Disasters.\" She types the words on her communication device and her mother, Judith, enters them into a Google Doc. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once Ana calms down, she looks intensely at her communication device. She can’t use her hands to type. Instead, there’s a reflective dot attached to her glasses, and it controls a tracker in the device. Moving her head slowly, she types something out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about 30 seconds, the device spits out one word: \"Hi!\" The voice sounds a bit like a younger Siri, but more electronic, stiffer and a little crackly. And the device is not always reliable. A lot of times — because it's not working or one of the people taking care of her forgot to charge it — she is silenced, unable to communicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can recall countless times, on airplanes, in restaurants or even at home, when her communication devices would fail her. Our mother would break out the hand-drawn, laminated sheets of paper she created for Ana when she was first learning how to read. One of us would point to pictures or words, Ana arching her body back in assent when we got to the right one, painstakingly spelling out her needs and desires, letter by letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36598__M6A0017-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unable to use her voice to speak, Ana Berlowitz began reading when she was 3. Her mother, Judith Berlowitz, created several hand-drawn boards so Ana could communicate by pointing to words or images. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I ask Ana what it feels like to rely on other people and machines to express herself. She moves her head again, activating a beep from her communication device as she types the word “Weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I press her to say more. “Like a robot,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And what does that feel like?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11741263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"324\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-160x166.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-800x832.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-1020x1060.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36623_Vic-Ana-Mom-1155x1200.jpg 1155w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz, her sister Victoria Mauleón, and their mother Judith Berlowitz, in 1982. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Victoria Mauleón)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She devotes a lot of her book to talking about the caregivers and attendants she’s had over the years. I ask her why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's. So. So. Important,” she responds. I ask her what it feels like to have people take care of her in such intimate ways: helping feed her, taking her to the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I. Feel. Like. A. Baby,” she types. And then she clicks another button with her tracker so the words come out in a sentence. “I feel like a baby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ana has had some wonderful attendants over the years. They’ve cared for her with respect and kindness. They share meals, adventures. They are there for her when we, her family, can’t be. But in the book she's writing, she describes the ways in which some of the people charged with taking care of her have hurt her, whether by accident or neglect:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I refuse to let anybody control me. Whenever someone tries to look over my shoulder at my communication device “just for fun,” without asking my permission, I feel abused. When people have ignored me when I’ve told them I needed to go to the bathroom, I feel abused. I have gotten urinary tract infections from holding it in too long, and have soiled myself from being ignored. Some of my attendants have ripped away my communication device because they did not want to hear me. ... I can’t stand it when people ignore me or neglect me. That is as cruel as physical abuse.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hearing that guts me, makes me angry and sad. “It really is abuse, what you experienced,” I tell her. “But I'm really glad to hear that you refuse to let anybody control you or hurt you in this way. How will you do that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Train,” she says, meaning training her attendants to do a better job in caring for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741224\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36609__M6A0214-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Because Ana's condition makes chewing food difficult, all of her meals have to be blended. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ana also writes about a boyfriend she had for nine years. He also has cerebral palsy and uses a wheelchair. In her book, she describes how he would use her caregivers for his own personal care and never pay them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When we went anywhere I always ended up paying. He made me sleep naked after I bought all those cute negligees. I guess I was trying to please him. God only knows why I let this happen. As a disabled woman it is hard to find love and I just wanted a boyfriend.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Although he wielded a lot of power over her, she eventually broke up with him. I ask her how her experience with him impacted the way she sees relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to be careful of who you date,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask her what she wants people to know about what it's like to live with her disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Struggling to keep her head still, she aims the reflective dot on her glasses at the tracker in her communication device. The letters “A. M. A. Z.” sound, and then the word “Amazing.” I ask her why it’s amazing to have cerebral palsy, and she stares at her device and continues typing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So. Many. Opportunities.” She goes on to name some of the things she’s able to do: swimming, taking dance classes, all of the public speaking engagements she’s had at conferences and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11741222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11741222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36604__M6A0102-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Berlowitz being interviewed by her sister, The California Report's senior editor, Victoria Mauleón, with their mother Judith Berlowitz in the background. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listing all those opportunities is so ... Ana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize I have so much to learn about my sister and about what it means to be disabled. And that I need to check my own assumptions, judgments and pity. Ana says that’s one of the reasons why she’s writing her book. In one chapter she describes a high school class she took about popular culture:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I gave a presentation on disability as a culture. That idea stuck in my head. The disability community is my culture. People need to understand my culture just as I need to understand theirs.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“People. Fought. Really. Hard,” she types out on her communication device, and then clicks, “People fought really hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the rights of people with disabilities?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes,” she clicks, and the robotic words — her words, coming through the device — exclaim, “Never give up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I write this book for the young generation,\" Ana says in her memoir, \"hoping you can be heard and understood, no matter what voice you use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11740891/my-sister-cant-speak-but-she-makes-herself-heard","authors":["98"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_457","news_8","news_248"],"tags":["news_3144","news_21845","news_25262","news_19542","news_17041","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11741221","label":"news_72"},"news_11739290":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11739290","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11739290","score":null,"sort":[1554997350000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sacramento-teachers-stage-one-day-strike-accuse-district-of-backtracking-on-2017-contract","title":"Sacramento Teachers Stage One-Day Strike, Accuse District of Backtracking on Contract","publishDate":1554997350,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This post will be updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of Sacramento public school teachers are participating in a one-day strike Thursday, demanding lower class sizes and other school improvements they say the district promised but never delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators and their supporters, including students, picketed outside C.K. McClatchy High School and held signs that read \"Honor our Contract,\" \"Keep Your Promises to Our Kids\" and \"Unfair Labor Practices Strike.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/MqAg-3gEKEw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Teachers Association President Eric Heins led teachers in chanting \"enough is enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Starting in West Virginia to Oklahoma to Arizona, all across the country teachers have been saying 'enough is enough,' \" Heins said. \"In L.A. they were saying 'enough is enough.' In Oakland they were saying 'enough is enough.' And now here in Sacramento they're standing up and they are saying ‘enough is enough.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento City Teachers Association, the union representing some 2,800 teachers, nurses and resource specialists, accuses the school district of backtracking on the terms of its 2017 agreement and \u003ca href=\"http://sacteachers.org/sac-teachers-vote-to-strike/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">engaging in unlawful labor practices. \u003c/a>As part of that deal, the union claims the district committed to reducing class sizes and hiring more nurses and counselors with funds it saved from switching to a cheaper health plan, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article229083584.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to go on a strike, but that is our lawful way of getting the district to live up to its commitments,” SCTA President David Fisher wrote to the district last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/lilyjamali/status/1116350001020465152\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officials with the Sacramento City Unified School District, which is grappling with a $35 million deficit and faces the threat of a state takeover, argues that the union is \u003ca href=\"https://www.scusd.edu/sites/main/files/file-attachments/response_letter_to_scta_4.2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misinterpreting the agreement\u003c/a>, and that any savings must first be used to address the urgent budget crisis. The district has until the end of June to balance its budget, and is considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article228245994.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employee layoffs and program cuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11739403\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11739403\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Spanish teacher Erik Saucedo and art teacher Jesse Carew, both from Hiram W. Johnson High School, both stressed the importance of electives and offering their students new opportunities to grow during a one-day teachers strike in Sacramento on April 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spanish teacher Erik Saucedo (left) and art teacher Jesse Carew, both from Hiram W. Johnson High School, both stressed the importance of electives and offering their students new opportunities to grow during a one-day teachers strike in Sacramento on April 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have been seeking to work with you to honor the agreement as we understand it,” Superintendent Jorge Aguilar wrote to the teachers union earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As roughly 42,000 students and their families braced for the walkout, district spokesman Alex Barrios on Wednesday said that schools would remain open, with classes staffed by substitutes, school meals served and regular bus routes in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/lilyjamali/status/1116379578556018689\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, teachers voted overwhelmingly in favor of authorizing the strike, and the union recently confirmed the walkout following several failed mediation attempts with the district. Teachers plan to rally at noon outside the district's headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marks the latest in a string of high-profile teacher strikes around the country over the last year, including recent walkouts in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11730085/oakland-teachers-reach-tentative-deal-with-district-to-end-strike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland in February\u003c/a> and Los Angeles in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento teachers last went on strike 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11739399\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11739399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Caditz, a French teacher at Hiram W. Johnson High School, partakes in a one-day strike in Sacramento on April 11, 2019 \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Lily Jamali contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The teachers union accuses the district, which faces a $35 million budget gap, of not honoring a 2017 agreement to reduce class sizes and add more support staff.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1555458148,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":558},"headData":{"title":"Sacramento Teachers Stage One-Day Strike, Accuse District of Backtracking on Contract | KQED","description":"The teachers union accuses the district, which faces a $35 million budget gap, of not honoring a 2017 agreement to reduce class sizes and add more support staff.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11739290 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11739290","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/04/11/sacramento-teachers-stage-one-day-strike-accuse-district-of-backtracking-on-2017-contract/","disqusTitle":"Sacramento Teachers Stage One-Day Strike, Accuse District of Backtracking on Contract","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/04/SacStrikeBartolonetcram190411.mp3","audioTrackLength":181,"path":"/news/11739290/sacramento-teachers-stage-one-day-strike-accuse-district-of-backtracking-on-2017-contract","audioDuration":183000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post will be updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of Sacramento public school teachers are participating in a one-day strike Thursday, demanding lower class sizes and other school improvements they say the district promised but never delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators and their supporters, including students, picketed outside C.K. McClatchy High School and held signs that read \"Honor our Contract,\" \"Keep Your Promises to Our Kids\" and \"Unfair Labor Practices Strike.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MqAg-3gEKEw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MqAg-3gEKEw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>California Teachers Association President Eric Heins led teachers in chanting \"enough is enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Starting in West Virginia to Oklahoma to Arizona, all across the country teachers have been saying 'enough is enough,' \" Heins said. \"In L.A. they were saying 'enough is enough.' In Oakland they were saying 'enough is enough.' And now here in Sacramento they're standing up and they are saying ‘enough is enough.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento City Teachers Association, the union representing some 2,800 teachers, nurses and resource specialists, accuses the school district of backtracking on the terms of its 2017 agreement and \u003ca href=\"http://sacteachers.org/sac-teachers-vote-to-strike/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">engaging in unlawful labor practices. \u003c/a>As part of that deal, the union claims the district committed to reducing class sizes and hiring more nurses and counselors with funds it saved from switching to a cheaper health plan, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article229083584.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to go on a strike, but that is our lawful way of getting the district to live up to its commitments,” SCTA President David Fisher wrote to the district last month.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1116350001020465152"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>But officials with the Sacramento City Unified School District, which is grappling with a $35 million deficit and faces the threat of a state takeover, argues that the union is \u003ca href=\"https://www.scusd.edu/sites/main/files/file-attachments/response_letter_to_scta_4.2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misinterpreting the agreement\u003c/a>, and that any savings must first be used to address the urgent budget crisis. The district has until the end of June to balance its budget, and is considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/education/article228245994.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">employee layoffs and program cuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11739403\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11739403\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Spanish teacher Erik Saucedo and art teacher Jesse Carew, both from Hiram W. Johnson High School, both stressed the importance of electives and offering their students new opportunities to grow during a one-day teachers strike in Sacramento on April 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike4.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spanish teacher Erik Saucedo (left) and art teacher Jesse Carew, both from Hiram W. Johnson High School, both stressed the importance of electives and offering their students new opportunities to grow during a one-day teachers strike in Sacramento on April 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have been seeking to work with you to honor the agreement as we understand it,” Superintendent Jorge Aguilar wrote to the teachers union earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As roughly 42,000 students and their families braced for the walkout, district spokesman Alex Barrios on Wednesday said that schools would remain open, with classes staffed by substitutes, school meals served and regular bus routes in place.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1116379578556018689"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Last month, teachers voted overwhelmingly in favor of authorizing the strike, and the union recently confirmed the walkout following several failed mediation attempts with the district. Teachers plan to rally at noon outside the district's headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marks the latest in a string of high-profile teacher strikes around the country over the last year, including recent walkouts in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11730085/oakland-teachers-reach-tentative-deal-with-district-to-end-strike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland in February\u003c/a> and Los Angeles in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento teachers last went on strike 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11739399\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11739399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/sacramento-teachers-strike2-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Caditz, a French teacher at Hiram W. Johnson High School, partakes in a one-day strike in Sacramento on April 11, 2019 \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Lily Jamali contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11739290/sacramento-teachers-stage-one-day-strike-accuse-district-of-backtracking-on-2017-contract","authors":["1263"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_19542","news_19904","news_24863","news_95","news_24807","news_17041","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11739440","label":"news_72"},"news_11722457":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11722457","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11722457","score":null,"sort":[1549044064000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-rescued-sea-otters-that-bonded-in-recovery-return-to-the-wild-together","title":"WATCH: Rescued Sea Otters That Bonded in Recovery Return to the Wild Together","publishDate":1549044064,"format":"video","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Great white shark bites are a leading cause of death for California sea otters, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. That's how a baby otter named Langly ended up in the center’s care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sharks mistake otters for their more preferred prey of seals and sea lions. And unfortunately many of these attacks end in a fatality for the otter,” said Dr. Cara Field, staff veterinarian at the center, which is located in Sausalito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Langly was found on a beach in San Luis Obispo County in May of last year. Her mother had been bitten by a shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So when the mom stranded, Langly was found clinging to her, but was still alive and actually in pretty good shape. So the mother actually died during the course of being rescued, and we had this little pup who was not quite ready to be on her own yet,” Field said. “So we were able to take her in and get her fed up, and slowly help her grow and start to learn how to forage and be an independent sea otter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Langly even made the list of contenders for The Marine Mammal Center's prestigious 2018 Patient of the Year award:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/TMMC/status/1088850240294322178\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in rehabilitation, Langly bonded with another stranded young otter named Sprout, who had been rescued off Del Monte Beach in Monterey by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, both were loaded onto a boat in crates and taken back to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're going to be going to a kelp bed off along \u003ca href=\"https://canneryrow.com/our-story/john-steinbeck/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannery Row\u003c/a>. That's kind of just out there sort of the northwest side of the harbor,” said Karl Mayer, as he drove the boat. He’s the sea otter field response coordinator for the aquarium. After the crate doors opened, both otters dove into Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprout and Langly are tagged and have tracking devices, each programmed to a specific frequency. When the otters are at the surface, a radio receiver on the boat pings. There’s also a plane and pilot on standby to track the otters’ signal by air. And onshore a team is also listening and watching the otters with telescopes. This intense observation will continue for the next two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually within the first two weeks that they're out there, you've got a pretty good idea of whether things are starting to go well, or whether or not you need to intercede and try to recapture,” Mayer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"Two young sea otters, Langly and Sprout, were released into the wild this week after being rehabilitated by The Marine Mammal Center and Monterey Bay Aquarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11722581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea.jpg 877w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two young sea otters, Langly and Sprout, were released into the wild this week after being rehabilitated by The Marine Mammal Center and Monterey Bay Aquarium. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a lot of effort for these two otters. Their care so far has cost about $15,000 per otter. They eat about a quarter of their body weight a day in sea creatures like purple urchins, crabs and squid. Michelle Staedler, the aquarium’s Sea Otter Program manager, said their success in the wild is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/sea-otter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California sea otters\u003c/a> remain threatened, although their population has been slowly growing from around 50 in the late 1930s to about 3,000 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Years ago it was over 10,000 otters along the coast of California, and it would be really nice if we could see that again. Most of those animals back then were hunted to near-extinction ... for their fur,” Staedler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the biggest threat is deadly shark bites. But more immediately for otters Sprout and Langly, the top concern is that they will have the skills to find enough food to survive, Staedler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the otters struggle too much, they’ll be brought back in for more rehabilitation. But if they adjust, they’ll be considered wild once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the otters, Langly, was rescued after a shark killed her mother. While recovering, Langly bonded with another stranded young otter named Sprout. On Tuesday, both were released into Monterey Bay.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1549065935,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":654},"headData":{"title":"WATCH: Rescued Sea Otters That Bonded in Recovery Return to the Wild Together | KQED","description":"One of the otters, Langly, was rescued after a shark killed her mother. While recovering, Langly bonded with another stranded young otter named Sprout. On Tuesday, both were released into Monterey Bay.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11722457 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11722457","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/02/01/watch-rescued-sea-otters-that-bonded-in-recovery-return-to-the-wild-together/","disqusTitle":"WATCH: Rescued Sea Otters That Bonded in Recovery Return to the Wild Together","videoEmbed":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCcfWkWrxpo&feature=youtu.be","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/02/OtterReleaseAlmanzantcram190201.mp3","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kazu.org/people/krista-almanzan\" target=\"_blank\">Krista Almanzan\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kazu.org/#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\">KAZU\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","audioTrackLength":178,"path":"/news/11722457/watch-rescued-sea-otters-that-bonded-in-recovery-return-to-the-wild-together","audioDuration":176000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Great white shark bites are a leading cause of death for California sea otters, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>. That's how a baby otter named Langly ended up in the center’s care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sharks mistake otters for their more preferred prey of seals and sea lions. And unfortunately many of these attacks end in a fatality for the otter,” said Dr. Cara Field, staff veterinarian at the center, which is located in Sausalito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Langly was found on a beach in San Luis Obispo County in May of last year. Her mother had been bitten by a shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So when the mom stranded, Langly was found clinging to her, but was still alive and actually in pretty good shape. So the mother actually died during the course of being rescued, and we had this little pup who was not quite ready to be on her own yet,” Field said. “So we were able to take her in and get her fed up, and slowly help her grow and start to learn how to forage and be an independent sea otter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Langly even made the list of contenders for The Marine Mammal Center's prestigious 2018 Patient of the Year award:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1088850240294322178"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While in rehabilitation, Langly bonded with another stranded young otter named Sprout, who had been rescued off Del Monte Beach in Monterey by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, both were loaded onto a boat in crates and taken back to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're going to be going to a kelp bed off along \u003ca href=\"https://canneryrow.com/our-story/john-steinbeck/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannery Row\u003c/a>. That's kind of just out there sort of the northwest side of the harbor,” said Karl Mayer, as he drove the boat. He’s the sea otter field response coordinator for the aquarium. After the crate doors opened, both otters dove into Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprout and Langly are tagged and have tracking devices, each programmed to a specific frequency. When the otters are at the surface, a radio receiver on the boat pings. There’s also a plane and pilot on standby to track the otters’ signal by air. And onshore a team is also listening and watching the otters with telescopes. This intense observation will continue for the next two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually within the first two weeks that they're out there, you've got a pretty good idea of whether things are starting to go well, or whether or not you need to intercede and try to recapture,” Mayer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"Two young sea otters, Langly and Sprout, were released into the wild this week after being rehabilitated by The Marine Mammal Center and Monterey Bay Aquarium.\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11722581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/OtterAtSea.jpg 877w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two young sea otters, Langly and Sprout, were released into the wild this week after being rehabilitated by The Marine Mammal Center and Monterey Bay Aquarium. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a lot of effort for these two otters. Their care so far has cost about $15,000 per otter. They eat about a quarter of their body weight a day in sea creatures like purple urchins, crabs and squid. Michelle Staedler, the aquarium’s Sea Otter Program manager, said their success in the wild is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/sea-otter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California sea otters\u003c/a> remain threatened, although their population has been slowly growing from around 50 in the late 1930s to about 3,000 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Years ago it was over 10,000 otters along the coast of California, and it would be really nice if we could see that again. Most of those animals back then were hunted to near-extinction ... for their fur,” Staedler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the biggest threat is deadly shark bites. But more immediately for otters Sprout and Langly, the top concern is that they will have the skills to find enough food to survive, Staedler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the otters struggle too much, they’ll be brought back in for more rehabilitation. But if they adjust, they’ll be considered wild once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11722457/watch-rescued-sea-otters-that-bonded-in-recovery-return-to-the-wild-together","authors":["byline_news_11722457"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18132","news_19542","news_901","news_3788","news_1828","news_24343","news_1357","news_5501","news_17041","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11722776","label":"news_72"},"news_11718902":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11718902","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11718902","score":null,"sort":[1547748017000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports","title":"The People Behind the Voices of KQED's Traffic Reports","publishDate":1547748017,"format":"video","headTitle":"Bay Curious | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Commuters listening to KQED radio have come to know the friendly voices of traffic reporters Joe McConnell and Julie Deppish. They deliver 30-second traffic reports as often as six times an hour on KQED-FM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Bay Curious has received a number of questions for Joe and Julie, like this one from Trish Taylor of Redwood City:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do traffic reporters receive the info they report as if they can see the incidents in real time, all over the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish is especially curious how they know about the \u003cem>debris\u003c/em> that sometimes winds up blocking a lane — from the expected, like a ladder or mattress, to the less expected, like a porta-potty, boat or even a herd of cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We took the question to McConnell, who laid out how he and other traffic reporters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ttwnetwork.com/\">Total Traffic & Weather Network\u003c/a> do their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cad.chp.ca.gov/Traffic.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Highway Patrol Traffic Incident Website\u003c/a>: McConnell tracks incidents happening around the Bay Area by filtering for information coming from the Golden Gate communication center. He finds the specifics about \u003cem>what\u003c/em> is in the road on the details page for each incident.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sigalert.com/map.asp?lat=37.65294&lon=-122.45233&z=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SigAlert\u003c/a>: This interactive map, owned and operated by Total Traffic & Weather Network, shows the approximate speed at which cars are traveling on specific roads. A SigAlert is also a general term used by the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caltrans QuickMap\u003c/a>: Similar to SigAlert, but with finer detail, McConnell says. It's especially good for seeing traffic flow on smaller highways and some local streets, and it allows you to customize what you want to see on an interactive map.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/video/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Traffic Cameras\u003c/a>: Sometimes seeing is still the best way to know how traffic is moving. McConnell monitors a few live cameras in traffic-prone areas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Total Traffic's Internal Software: In addition to the above sources, producers at the Total Traffic & Weather Network use some proprietary programs to track the roadways. Sometimes people on the road will also call in to report the traffic to the traffic reporters.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tracking the roadways wasn't always this easy. Read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718629/from-aviators-to-apps-the-evolution-of-traffic-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">our explainer\u003c/a> to learn how collecting and disseminating traffic data has gone from helicopters in the sky to apps in our hands.\u003cbr>\n[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A peek behind the scenes with two of KQED's intrepid traffic reporters, Joe McConnell and Julie Deppish.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1547775992,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":376},"headData":{"title":"The People Behind the Voices of KQED's Traffic Reports | KQED","description":"A peek behind the scenes with two of KQED's intrepid traffic reporters, Joe McConnell and Julie Deppish.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11718902 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11718902","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/01/17/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports/","disqusTitle":"The People Behind the Voices of KQED's Traffic Reports","videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/oL9PNDGvhj0","source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious","path":"/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Commuters listening to KQED radio have come to know the friendly voices of traffic reporters Joe McConnell and Julie Deppish. They deliver 30-second traffic reports as often as six times an hour on KQED-FM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Bay Curious has received a number of questions for Joe and Julie, like this one from Trish Taylor of Redwood City:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do traffic reporters receive the info they report as if they can see the incidents in real time, all over the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trish is especially curious how they know about the \u003cem>debris\u003c/em> that sometimes winds up blocking a lane — from the expected, like a ladder or mattress, to the less expected, like a porta-potty, boat or even a herd of cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We took the question to McConnell, who laid out how he and other traffic reporters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ttwnetwork.com/\">Total Traffic & Weather Network\u003c/a> do their work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cad.chp.ca.gov/Traffic.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Highway Patrol Traffic Incident Website\u003c/a>: McConnell tracks incidents happening around the Bay Area by filtering for information coming from the Golden Gate communication center. He finds the specifics about \u003cem>what\u003c/em> is in the road on the details page for each incident.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sigalert.com/map.asp?lat=37.65294&lon=-122.45233&z=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SigAlert\u003c/a>: This interactive map, owned and operated by Total Traffic & Weather Network, shows the approximate speed at which cars are traveling on specific roads. A SigAlert is also a general term used by the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caltrans QuickMap\u003c/a>: Similar to SigAlert, but with finer detail, McConnell says. It's especially good for seeing traffic flow on smaller highways and some local streets, and it allows you to customize what you want to see on an interactive map.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/video/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Traffic Cameras\u003c/a>: Sometimes seeing is still the best way to know how traffic is moving. McConnell monitors a few live cameras in traffic-prone areas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Total Traffic's Internal Software: In addition to the above sources, producers at the Total Traffic & Weather Network use some proprietary programs to track the roadways. Sometimes people on the road will also call in to report the traffic to the traffic reporters.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tracking the roadways wasn't always this easy. Read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718629/from-aviators-to-apps-the-evolution-of-traffic-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">our explainer\u003c/a> to learn how collecting and disseminating traffic data has gone from helicopters in the sky to apps in our hands.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports","authors":["102","188"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_1397"],"tags":["news_92","news_20517","news_150"],"featImg":"news_11718836","label":"source_news_11718902"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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