Nursing Schools Turned to Computer Simulations During the Pandemic. Are Students Learning?
What Shortage of Nurses? In the Bay Area, There's a Surplus
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Hawkins has been practicing her skills on family members while learning from home.","credit":"Arlene Banuelos for CalMatters","altTag":null,"description":"A photo of Alexis Hawkins. Hawkins, a nursing student at Grossmont College in El Cajon, views an instructional video in the front yard of her home. Hawkins has been practicing her skills on family members while learning from home.","imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_01-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_01-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_01-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_01-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_01-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_01.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_news_11865975":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11865975","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11865975","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/shehreen-karim/\">Shehreen Karim\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"skalantari":{"type":"authors","id":"46","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"46","found":true},"name":"Shuka Kalantari","firstName":"Shuka","lastName":"Kalantari","slug":"skalantari","email":"skalantari@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Shuka Kalantari is a Bay Area journalist reporting on health, food, culture and immigrant communities in California and internationally. She's reported for Public Radio International’s The World, BBC World News Service’s Outlook, Philosophy Talk, Vice Magazine. Shuka is also a frequent contributor to KQED Public Media. 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Are Students Learning?","publishDate":1616528992,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Dressed in a white gown and hooked to an IV pump, Tina Jones was sitting on a hospital bed when nursing student Erin Abille greeted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glancing at Jones’ chart, Abille saw that the patient came into the hospital for a foot infection and had a penicillin allergy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you in any pain?” Abille asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, OK,” Jones responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bizarre response wasn’t the only unusual thing, Abille noted. The patient also had stilted facial and hand movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those symptoms weren’t due to a medical condition — they were because Jones is not a real patient but a computer avatar in Shadow Health, a virtual simulation that has been widely adopted by nursing education programs across California since the start of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has restricted the number of clinical placements available to nursing students in hospitals, forcing them to practice their skills instead on mannequins, virtual patients like Jones, or at home with relatives and even stuffed animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has relaxed regulations to allow for more virtual education, but some nursing students say they feel less confident in their skills, and others have had their graduation delayed, at a time when the state arguably needs nurses more than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals have been reluctant to place nursing students at risk by having them enter a workplace filled with COVID patients, and more experienced nurses have been too busy with patient care to supervise them, said Loretta Melby, president of the California Board of Registered Nursing, a state agency that regulates nursing education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really difficult for all of our students when the facilities that they’ve relied on for years to do their clinical practice said, ‘We can’t have you here anymore,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Practicing at Home Means\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866000\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_10.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_10-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursing student Erin Abille finds new ways to learn medicine by practicing techniques on a stuffed animal in Mulberry Park in Chula Vista on Jan. 23, 2021. \u003ccite>(Arlene Banuelos for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prior to the pandemic, nursing students were required to spend at least 75% of their clinical time providing direct care to patients in hospitals. The Board of Registered Nursing \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/new-california-nursing-waiver-will-allow-some-students-to-complete-training-but-leaves-others-out/628170\">relaxed its regulations\u003c/a> in April 2020 to allow students to fulfill half of their clinical hours in simulated scenarios, but said it will reverse that decision when the pandemic is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Abille, that means that instead of checking her patients’ vital signs with her stethoscope and thermometer, she now relies on the electronic health records shown at the bottom of her laptop screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caring for faux-patient Jones, she said, is a stark contrast to the close relationships she developed with patients when working as a certified nursing assistant at a skilled nursing facility. There, she had emotional conversations with elderly patients on the geriatrics floor, many of whom were reflecting on the choices they’d made in life as they neared its end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abille wasn’t able to do that with Jones. “I couldn’t pry into her personal life, I couldn’t pry into her worries, I couldn’t pry even into her pain,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, Abille would have received one-on-one mentorship from a senior nurse on how to do sensitive procedures, such as inserting a catheter into a patient’s urethra. Now, with her college’s skills lab closed and even mannequins unavailable, she practices at home. A unicorn Pillow Pet stands in as her patient and she uses a water bottle to replicate the urethra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abille said she worries that she might accidentally reinforce mistakes because she doesn’t have her instructor to immediately correct her. Having a catheter inserted is a scary procedure for many patients, who often wonder whether the procedure will hurt. That’s not a conversation she can have with her unicorn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In person, nursing students can use all of their senses when caring for patients, but with simulations, they miss out on the physical cues that patients give to signify pain or discomfort, said Melby of the BRN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I worked in the ICU, I could smell various things like a gastrointestinal bleed,” she said. In a simulation, “you’re not getting that kind of input. Your mannequin can’t grimace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866001 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES.png 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES-800x454.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES-1020x579.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES-160x91.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from a simulated patient interaction in Shadow Health, a computer program that colleges are using to train nurses during the pandemic. \u003ccite>(CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>'A Real-Life Situation in a Non-Threatening Environment'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite the drawbacks, virtual simulations do have some upsides, said KT Waxman, director of the California Simulation Alliance at HealthImpact, a nonprofit focused on health workforce development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students can still develop their critical thinking and clinical judgement. When instructors create clinical scenarios over Zoom or show a video of a heart failure, debriefing allows students to grow more confident in their ability to handle those situations, Waxman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You expose the students to a real-life situation in a non-threatening environment, where students know if they make a mistake that the life of the patient is not at stake,” said Salima Allahbachayo, director of the nursing program at Citrus College, which has relied on computer simulation to continue teaching during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her students were able to learn more through Zoom scenarios because repetition allows them to correct their mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides spurring a move toward more simulation, the pandemic has shrunk the number of available slots in colleges’ nursing programs, said Joanne Spetz, director of the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some nursing programs in California didn’t admit any new students this year, at a time when the state is projected to have \u003ca href=\"https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bureau-health-workforce/data-research/nchwa-hrsa-nursing-report.pdf\">a shortage of 44,500 full-time registered nurses by 2030\u003c/a>, according to the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. And around one in 10 nursing programs in California has suspended admissions for 2021-2022, according to preliminary data from a survey Spetz is conducting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those students, that’s another semester or quarter where they’re not able to get started,” said Spetz. “It slows down their graduation, and overall slows down the supply of nurses into our workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Growing Demand for Nurses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alexis Hawkins, a nursing student at Grossmont College in El Cajon, said her nursing program paused classes halfway through the spring 2020 semester. She had to redo the entire first semester online and missed out on learning how to give IV injections, a skill that’s only taught in person and that she should have learned her first year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joanne Spetz, director of Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at UCSF\"]'If we end up losing a bunch of nurses who are in their 30s, those are nurses who had another 20 or 30 years of working life available for us and that’s a much bigger loss for the workforce.'[/pullquote]Coming back for her second semester, she said, was like trying to keep up with a moving conveyor belt; she was expected to perform as if she’d had clinical rotations her first semester, and ended up quitting her job to study harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do feel that my education is compromised,” Hawkins said. “I’m not getting the best education that I think I would be getting if we were in person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the pandemic, nursing programs were \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/when-nurses-are-needed-most-nursing-programs-arent-keeping-up-with-demand/\">reporting record numbers of applicants\u003c/a> but struggling to accommodate more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nursing is a particularly resource-heavy field,” said Rehman Attar, director of health care workforce development at California State University. Colleges need to find space for labs, attract faculty away from other well-paying jobs and compete with other schools for limited clinical placements, Attar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the last year on the front lines of COVID-19 has led many older nurses to retire early and younger nurses to quit. Spetz said hospital leaders are concerned that senior nurses currently in the workforce will burn out before new graduates can be hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hospitals are losing nurses close to retirement a few years early ... but we knew that they were going to retire,” Spetz said. “But if we end up losing a bunch of nurses who are in their 30s, those are nurses who had another 20 or 30 years of working life available for us and that’s a much bigger loss for the workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is more acute in high-demand areas such as the emergency room and intensive care unit, Spetz said. Those departments have been off-limits to nursing students during the pandemic — and that’s experience that can’t be replicated in a virtual scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'You Cannot Simulate the Fear and Dread of Some People'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even with clinical experience, the transition from being a nursing student to being a nurse working in a hospital can be jarring, said Gerard Brogan, the director of nursing practice at the California Nurses Association, a labor union that represents registered nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='nurses']“Lack of access to these specialty units, and this more generic simulation-based education, is not going to prepare these nurses on their own for a major shock,” Brogan said. He likened it to soldiers learning warfare on simulators, which has been linked to significant increases in post-traumatic stress disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union members are also concerned that colleges will rely heavily on virtual simulations even after the pandemic because software is cheaper than staff, Brogan said. Instruction that doesn’t prepare students to connect with patients on a human level, he said, threatens to compromise safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You cannot simulate the fear and dread of some people,” Brogan said. “And frankly, we’re worried about the attempt to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the availability of clinical placements has recently begun to increase in California as \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/03/california-milestone-reopening-today/\">more vaccines are distributed\u003c/a> and coronavirus cases decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Waxman, of the nonprofit California Simulation Alliance, agreed that the state is likely to see an expanded use of technology in nurse training post-pandemic, including a wider adoption of virtual reality that will replace some clinical experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though cost has limited the use of virtual reality in nursing programs — each headset costs around $300, not including the price of the software — it overcomes some of the shortcomings of the 2D virtual simulations that colleges currently use, Waxman said, because it is immersive and students can use their sense of touch when practicing physical assessments and hands-on skills such as immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the pandemic is over, I believe that students will need to get back into the hands-on skills lab. I don’t think that will go away,” Waxman said. “But education is going to change dramatically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/shehreen-karim/\">Shehreen Karim\u003c/a> is a fellow with the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/college-journalism-network/\">CalMatters College Journalism Network\u003c/a>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/charlotte-west/\">Charlotte West\u003c/a> contributed reporting. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nursing schools have turned to virtual simulations during the coronavirus pandemic to keep teaching. But students say this type of distance learning lacks many real-world elements.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1616537923,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1894},"headData":{"title":"Nursing Schools Turned to Computer Simulations During the Pandemic. Are Students Learning? | KQED","description":"Nursing schools have turned to virtual simulations during the coronavirus pandemic to keep teaching. But students say this type of distance learning lacks many real-world elements.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11865975 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11865975","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/03/23/nursing-schools-turned-to-computer-simulations-during-the-pandemic-are-students-learning/","disqusTitle":"Nursing Schools Turned to Computer Simulations During the Pandemic. Are Students Learning?","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2021/03/ShehreenKarimNursingStudents.mp3","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/shehreen-karim/\">Shehreen Karim\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11865975/nursing-schools-turned-to-computer-simulations-during-the-pandemic-are-students-learning","audioDuration":299000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dressed in a white gown and hooked to an IV pump, Tina Jones was sitting on a hospital bed when nursing student Erin Abille greeted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glancing at Jones’ chart, Abille saw that the patient came into the hospital for a foot infection and had a penicillin allergy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you in any pain?” Abille asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, OK,” Jones responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bizarre response wasn’t the only unusual thing, Abille noted. The patient also had stilted facial and hand movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those symptoms weren’t due to a medical condition — they were because Jones is not a real patient but a computer avatar in Shadow Health, a virtual simulation that has been widely adopted by nursing education programs across California since the start of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has restricted the number of clinical placements available to nursing students in hospitals, forcing them to practice their skills instead on mannequins, virtual patients like Jones, or at home with relatives and even stuffed animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has relaxed regulations to allow for more virtual education, but some nursing students say they feel less confident in their skills, and others have had their graduation delayed, at a time when the state arguably needs nurses more than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals have been reluctant to place nursing students at risk by having them enter a workplace filled with COVID patients, and more experienced nurses have been too busy with patient care to supervise them, said Loretta Melby, president of the California Board of Registered Nursing, a state agency that regulates nursing education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really difficult for all of our students when the facilities that they’ve relied on for years to do their clinical practice said, ‘We can’t have you here anymore,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Practicing at Home Means\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866000\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_10.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/012321_NursingStudent_AB_10-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursing student Erin Abille finds new ways to learn medicine by practicing techniques on a stuffed animal in Mulberry Park in Chula Vista on Jan. 23, 2021. \u003ccite>(Arlene Banuelos for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prior to the pandemic, nursing students were required to spend at least 75% of their clinical time providing direct care to patients in hospitals. The Board of Registered Nursing \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/new-california-nursing-waiver-will-allow-some-students-to-complete-training-but-leaves-others-out/628170\">relaxed its regulations\u003c/a> in April 2020 to allow students to fulfill half of their clinical hours in simulated scenarios, but said it will reverse that decision when the pandemic is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Abille, that means that instead of checking her patients’ vital signs with her stethoscope and thermometer, she now relies on the electronic health records shown at the bottom of her laptop screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caring for faux-patient Jones, she said, is a stark contrast to the close relationships she developed with patients when working as a certified nursing assistant at a skilled nursing facility. There, she had emotional conversations with elderly patients on the geriatrics floor, many of whom were reflecting on the choices they’d made in life as they neared its end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abille wasn’t able to do that with Jones. “I couldn’t pry into her personal life, I couldn’t pry into her worries, I couldn’t pry even into her pain,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, Abille would have received one-on-one mentorship from a senior nurse on how to do sensitive procedures, such as inserting a catheter into a patient’s urethra. Now, with her college’s skills lab closed and even mannequins unavailable, she practices at home. A unicorn Pillow Pet stands in as her patient and she uses a water bottle to replicate the urethra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abille said she worries that she might accidentally reinforce mistakes because she doesn’t have her instructor to immediately correct her. Having a catheter inserted is a scary procedure for many patients, who often wonder whether the procedure will hurt. That’s not a conversation she can have with her unicorn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In person, nursing students can use all of their senses when caring for patients, but with simulations, they miss out on the physical cues that patients give to signify pain or discomfort, said Melby of the BRN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I worked in the ICU, I could smell various things like a gastrointestinal bleed,” she said. In a simulation, “you’re not getting that kind of input. Your mannequin can’t grimace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866001\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866001 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES.png 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES-800x454.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES-1020x579.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/TINA-JONES-160x91.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from a simulated patient interaction in Shadow Health, a computer program that colleges are using to train nurses during the pandemic. \u003ccite>(CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>'A Real-Life Situation in a Non-Threatening Environment'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite the drawbacks, virtual simulations do have some upsides, said KT Waxman, director of the California Simulation Alliance at HealthImpact, a nonprofit focused on health workforce development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students can still develop their critical thinking and clinical judgement. When instructors create clinical scenarios over Zoom or show a video of a heart failure, debriefing allows students to grow more confident in their ability to handle those situations, Waxman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You expose the students to a real-life situation in a non-threatening environment, where students know if they make a mistake that the life of the patient is not at stake,” said Salima Allahbachayo, director of the nursing program at Citrus College, which has relied on computer simulation to continue teaching during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her students were able to learn more through Zoom scenarios because repetition allows them to correct their mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides spurring a move toward more simulation, the pandemic has shrunk the number of available slots in colleges’ nursing programs, said Joanne Spetz, director of the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some nursing programs in California didn’t admit any new students this year, at a time when the state is projected to have \u003ca href=\"https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bureau-health-workforce/data-research/nchwa-hrsa-nursing-report.pdf\">a shortage of 44,500 full-time registered nurses by 2030\u003c/a>, according to the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. And around one in 10 nursing programs in California has suspended admissions for 2021-2022, according to preliminary data from a survey Spetz is conducting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those students, that’s another semester or quarter where they’re not able to get started,” said Spetz. “It slows down their graduation, and overall slows down the supply of nurses into our workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Growing Demand for Nurses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alexis Hawkins, a nursing student at Grossmont College in El Cajon, said her nursing program paused classes halfway through the spring 2020 semester. She had to redo the entire first semester online and missed out on learning how to give IV injections, a skill that’s only taught in person and that she should have learned her first year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'If we end up losing a bunch of nurses who are in their 30s, those are nurses who had another 20 or 30 years of working life available for us and that’s a much bigger loss for the workforce.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Joanne Spetz, director of Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at UCSF","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Coming back for her second semester, she said, was like trying to keep up with a moving conveyor belt; she was expected to perform as if she’d had clinical rotations her first semester, and ended up quitting her job to study harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do feel that my education is compromised,” Hawkins said. “I’m not getting the best education that I think I would be getting if we were in person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the pandemic, nursing programs were \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/when-nurses-are-needed-most-nursing-programs-arent-keeping-up-with-demand/\">reporting record numbers of applicants\u003c/a> but struggling to accommodate more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nursing is a particularly resource-heavy field,” said Rehman Attar, director of health care workforce development at California State University. Colleges need to find space for labs, attract faculty away from other well-paying jobs and compete with other schools for limited clinical placements, Attar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the last year on the front lines of COVID-19 has led many older nurses to retire early and younger nurses to quit. Spetz said hospital leaders are concerned that senior nurses currently in the workforce will burn out before new graduates can be hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hospitals are losing nurses close to retirement a few years early ... but we knew that they were going to retire,” Spetz said. “But if we end up losing a bunch of nurses who are in their 30s, those are nurses who had another 20 or 30 years of working life available for us and that’s a much bigger loss for the workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is more acute in high-demand areas such as the emergency room and intensive care unit, Spetz said. Those departments have been off-limits to nursing students during the pandemic — and that’s experience that can’t be replicated in a virtual scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'You Cannot Simulate the Fear and Dread of Some People'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even with clinical experience, the transition from being a nursing student to being a nurse working in a hospital can be jarring, said Gerard Brogan, the director of nursing practice at the California Nurses Association, a labor union that represents registered nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"nurses"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Lack of access to these specialty units, and this more generic simulation-based education, is not going to prepare these nurses on their own for a major shock,” Brogan said. He likened it to soldiers learning warfare on simulators, which has been linked to significant increases in post-traumatic stress disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union members are also concerned that colleges will rely heavily on virtual simulations even after the pandemic because software is cheaper than staff, Brogan said. Instruction that doesn’t prepare students to connect with patients on a human level, he said, threatens to compromise safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You cannot simulate the fear and dread of some people,” Brogan said. “And frankly, we’re worried about the attempt to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the availability of clinical placements has recently begun to increase in California as \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/03/california-milestone-reopening-today/\">more vaccines are distributed\u003c/a> and coronavirus cases decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Waxman, of the nonprofit California Simulation Alliance, agreed that the state is likely to see an expanded use of technology in nurse training post-pandemic, including a wider adoption of virtual reality that will replace some clinical experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though cost has limited the use of virtual reality in nursing programs — each headset costs around $300, not including the price of the software — it overcomes some of the shortcomings of the 2D virtual simulations that colleges currently use, Waxman said, because it is immersive and students can use their sense of touch when practicing physical assessments and hands-on skills such as immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the pandemic is over, I believe that students will need to get back into the hands-on skills lab. I don’t think that will go away,” Waxman said. “But education is going to change dramatically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/shehreen-karim/\">Shehreen Karim\u003c/a> is a fellow with the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/college-journalism-network/\">CalMatters College Journalism Network\u003c/a>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/charlotte-west/\">Charlotte West\u003c/a> contributed reporting. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11865975/nursing-schools-turned-to-computer-simulations-during-the-pandemic-are-students-learning","authors":["byline_news_11865975"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_27350","news_27666","news_27669","news_4418","news_21789","news_2116"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11865987","label":"source_news_11865975"},"news_48950":{"type":"posts","id":"news_48950","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"48950","score":null,"sort":[1323121519000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-shortage-of-nurses-in-the-bay-area-theres-a-surplus","title":"What Shortage of Nurses? In the Bay Area, There's a Surplus","publishDate":1323121519,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_932\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2011/12/CareNowHealthClinicUninsuredLosAngeles102111.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-932\" title=\"The number of young registered nurses entering the workforce more than doubled in the past decade. (photo: Krissy Clark/KQED)\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2011/12/CareNowHealthClinicUninsuredLosAngeles102111-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"The number of young registered nurses entering the workforce more than doubled in the past decade. (photo: Krissy Clark/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The number of young registered nurses entering the workforce more than doubled in the past decade. (photo: Krissy Clark/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the 1980s to the 2000s, the number of young people going into nursing schools plummeted -- both nationally and in California. To reverse the trend, the government launched recruitment efforts to spur more people to go into nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looks like they did a pretty good job. The number of registered nurses nationwide skyrocketed in the past decade, according to a study released in today's Health Affairs, and recent grads aged 23-26 increased by 62 percent. There hasn't been a spike in nursing graduates like this in the U.S. since the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">There hasn't been a spike in nursing graduates like this in the U.S. since the 1970s.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And it's no different in California. Nursing school enrollments have doubled in the past decade, says Joanne Spetz, a nursing professor at UCSF and co-author of \u003ca title=\"California Nursing Forecast\" href=\"http://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/forms/forecasts2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a UCSF report\u003c/a> looking at California's nursing forecast. The report shows that in the past five years, the number of California nursing graduates has doubled. Spetz says that's because California also made huge efforts to recruit nursing students, like implementing accelerated degree programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->As the \u003ca title=\"Sac Bee Nursing Graduates\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/12/04/4097980/new-california-nursing-graduates.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reported yesterday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>California has spent at least $95 million in federal, state and private funds in the past decade to double the number of nursing graduates by expanding college programs and grants. As recently as three years ago, hospitals were offering moving expenses, housing allowances and signing bonuses to recent graduates of nursing schools.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Spetz says with the recession lingering, older nurses aren't retiring and hospitals aren't hiring. And that means it's harder for nurses across the country, including California, to find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, there may actually be a surplus of nurses in California. But it depends on where you live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the Inland Empire and in some of the more rural areas, there is definitely a sense that there is a shortage of nurses still,\" Spetz said. \"But in other parts of the state like the Bay Area and Sacramento, I think that people are looking for work and can't find it because there's so many nurses in those regions already.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So should prospective nursing students find a new career path? Absolutely not, said Spetz. In the coming years, more recent graduates will be more likely to find jobs in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Baby Boomers will retire [from nursing] at the same time that they will need more health care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spetz says it's important to keep recent nursing grads engaged -- through internships and other programs -- so that when Baby Boomers do retire and there are more jobs available those nurses can step into them. But in the meantime, recent grads may have a hard time finding a job.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From the 1980s to the 2000s, the number of young people going into nursing schools plummeted -- both nationally and in California. To reverse the trend, the government launched recruitment efforts to get more people into nursing schools.\r\n\r\nIt looks like they did a pretty good job. The number of registered nurses nationwide skyrocketed in the past decade, according to a study released in today's Health Affairs. Recent grads aged 23-26 increased by 62 percent. There hasn't been a spike in nursing grads like this in the U.S. since the 1970s.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1323121519,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":477},"headData":{"title":"What Shortage of Nurses? In the Bay Area, There's a Surplus | KQED","description":"From the 1980s to the 2000s, the number of young people going into nursing schools plummeted -- both nationally and in California. To reverse the trend, the government launched recruitment efforts to get more people into nursing schools.\r\n\r\nIt looks like they did a pretty good job. The number of registered nurses nationwide skyrocketed in the past decade, according to a study released in today's Health Affairs. Recent grads aged 23-26 increased by 62 percent. There hasn't been a spike in nursing grads like this in the U.S. since the 1970s.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"48950 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=48950","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/12/05/what-shortage-of-nurses-in-the-bay-area-theres-a-surplus/","disqusTitle":"What Shortage of Nurses? In the Bay Area, There's a Surplus","path":"/news/48950/what-shortage-of-nurses-in-the-bay-area-theres-a-surplus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_932\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2011/12/CareNowHealthClinicUninsuredLosAngeles102111.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-932\" title=\"The number of young registered nurses entering the workforce more than doubled in the past decade. (photo: Krissy Clark/KQED)\" src=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/files/2011/12/CareNowHealthClinicUninsuredLosAngeles102111-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"The number of young registered nurses entering the workforce more than doubled in the past decade. (photo: Krissy Clark/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The number of young registered nurses entering the workforce more than doubled in the past decade. (photo: Krissy Clark/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the 1980s to the 2000s, the number of young people going into nursing schools plummeted -- both nationally and in California. To reverse the trend, the government launched recruitment efforts to spur more people to go into nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looks like they did a pretty good job. The number of registered nurses nationwide skyrocketed in the past decade, according to a study released in today's Health Affairs, and recent grads aged 23-26 increased by 62 percent. There hasn't been a spike in nursing graduates like this in the U.S. since the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">There hasn't been a spike in nursing graduates like this in the U.S. since the 1970s.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And it's no different in California. Nursing school enrollments have doubled in the past decade, says Joanne Spetz, a nursing professor at UCSF and co-author of \u003ca title=\"California Nursing Forecast\" href=\"http://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/forms/forecasts2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a UCSF report\u003c/a> looking at California's nursing forecast. The report shows that in the past five years, the number of California nursing graduates has doubled. Spetz says that's because California also made huge efforts to recruit nursing students, like implementing accelerated degree programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->As the \u003ca title=\"Sac Bee Nursing Graduates\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2011/12/04/4097980/new-california-nursing-graduates.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reported yesterday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>California has spent at least $95 million in federal, state and private funds in the past decade to double the number of nursing graduates by expanding college programs and grants. As recently as three years ago, hospitals were offering moving expenses, housing allowances and signing bonuses to recent graduates of nursing schools.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Spetz says with the recession lingering, older nurses aren't retiring and hospitals aren't hiring. And that means it's harder for nurses across the country, including California, to find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, there may actually be a surplus of nurses in California. But it depends on where you live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the Inland Empire and in some of the more rural areas, there is definitely a sense that there is a shortage of nurses still,\" Spetz said. \"But in other parts of the state like the Bay Area and Sacramento, I think that people are looking for work and can't find it because there's so many nurses in those regions already.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So should prospective nursing students find a new career path? Absolutely not, said Spetz. In the coming years, more recent graduates will be more likely to find jobs in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Baby Boomers will retire [from nursing] at the same time that they will need more health care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spetz says it's important to keep recent nursing grads engaged -- through internships and other programs -- so that when Baby Boomers do retire and there are more jobs available those nurses can step into them. But in the meantime, recent grads may have a hard time finding a job.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/48950/what-shortage-of-nurses-in-the-bay-area-theres-a-surplus","authors":["46"],"programs":["news_6944"],"tags":["news_18543","news_683","news_2116"],"label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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