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He worked on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay/\">The Bay, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>, as well as hosting and producing the weekly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/qedup/\">Q'ed Up podcast. \u003c/a>He also helped inaugurate KQED's weekend news coverage in 2017 as one of two original digital producers. Ryan holds degrees in multimedia journalism and Spanish from the University of Missouri.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ryan_levi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"breakingnews","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ryan Levi | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4cb2ddd028ac8807d1adf09609c5555d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/rlevi"},"jrodriguez":{"type":"authors","id":"11690","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11690","found":true},"name":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez","firstName":"Joe","lastName":"Fitzgerald Rodriguez","slug":"jrodriguez","email":"jrodriguez@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Reporter and Producer","bio":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez is a reporter and digital producer for KQED covering politics. Joe most recently wrote for the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em> as a political columnist covering The City. He was raised in San Francisco and has spent his reporting career in his beloved, foggy, city by the bay. Joe was 12-years-old when he conducted his first interview in journalism, grilling former San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown for the Marina Middle School newspaper, \u003cem>The Penguin Press, \u003c/em>and he continues to report on the San Francisco Bay Area to this day.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"FitztheReporter","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/fitzthereporter/","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez | KQED","description":"Reporter and Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2247beb0564c1e9c62228d5649d2edac?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/jrodriguez"},"otaylor":{"type":"authors","id":"11770","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11770","found":true},"name":"Otis R. 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He also attended UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism and had the opportunity to write for the hyperlocal news sites Richmond Confidential and Oakland North.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aedfae46322917626352337ecd4f0981?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Spencer Whitney | KQED","description":"KQED Digital Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aedfae46322917626352337ecd4f0981?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aedfae46322917626352337ecd4f0981?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/swhitney"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11952984":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11952984","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11952984","score":null,"sort":[1686913255000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"reparations-commentary","title":"Racist Housing Policies Decimated Black Homeownership. Is Change Coming?","publishDate":1686913255,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Racist Housing Policies Decimated Black Homeownership. Is Change Coming? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>On Saturday, KQED’s weekend team will present a radio special featuring in-depth audio stories, conversations with experts and reporting from Bay Area Juneteenth events. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">kqed.org/reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing gold sequin slippers, Faye Myrette Crosley shuffled into the living room where a bespectacled, Black Santa mannequin stood next to a Christmas tree, one of two in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Jan. 6 when Crosley and her grandson, Kevin Hayes, sat on plastic-wrapped furniture for a conversation with KQED that neither really wanted to have: They were facing eviction. Five days later, on a stormy morning, Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputies escorted them out of the home as neighbors and supporters, who were served bagels by Crosley, protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley, an 80-year-old Black woman, had lived in the seven-bedroom house in unincorporated Richmond for three decades. Hayes was raised in the house. His mother, who needs special assistance, lived in the home, too. From time to time, so did many of their relatives. The house was the family’s anchor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952791 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A front entrance to a home seen from outside the chainlink fence surrounding it. The front lawn has chairs and other belongings on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Furniture and other objects rest outside Faye Crosley’s home of several decades in Richmond, on Feb. 12, 2023. Crosley and her family were evicted in January. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I listened to Crosley and Hayes talk about suspicious mortgage lending practices, I began wondering whether the recommendations from the California Reparations Task Force, the first statewide body to examine the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism, could provide relief for struggling homeowners like Crosley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force will deliver policy recommendations to the Legislature at the end of the month. The legacy of housing segregation and discrimination, including the confiscation of property by eminent domain, is featured prominently in the task force’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Donald K. Tamaki, member, California Reparations Task Force\"]‘Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.’[/pullquote]“This is a book of truth that frames the contributions that African Americans have provided to this country, and also is honest and truthful about the incredibly vast experience of discrimination and racial terror,” Lisa Holder, a task force member, told my colleague for an interview that will air during KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on Saturday. “Until people can understand the origin and the depths of anti-Blackness in this country and the narrative around anti-Blackness that has been a dominant narrative for hundreds of years, they cannot understand the purpose of reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than four decades, beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, redlining made it legal to deny affordable mortgages in Black neighborhoods. Decades later, those same neighborhoods were targeted by subprime lenders. The day before Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill that established the task force, he signed a bill that requires counties to identify and purge unlawfully restrictive covenants from property records. The covenants prohibited people of non-white racial and ethnic backgrounds from owning homes in white areas, ensuring racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952987 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black woman wearing a leopard print shirt goes through papers alongside a man doing the same. Behind the woman dishes are displayed on shelves and next to a nutcracker and other Christmas decorations.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley, 80, and her grandson Kevin Hayes go through legal paperwork at their Richmond home on Jan. 11, 2023, the day of their scheduled eviction. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the Black homeownership rate in California peaked at 51%. If you are moderately familiar with American history, unlike the front-runners for the Republican presidential nomination, you know that Black prosperity in America has always been hijacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]In the interest of time, we’ll skip over the generational wealth that was created from the unpaid labor of enslaved people and the racial terror their ancestors endured after the federal government abandoned Reconstruction-era policies, and jump to the Black Wall Street massacre in 1921. Three decades later, the targeted destruction of Black communities was deployed to create paths from the suburbs to city centers for white commuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the country marched toward abolishing racial segregation, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 paved the way for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943263/americas-highway-system-is-a-monument-to-environmental-racism-and-a-history-of-inequity\">transportation projects to plow through areas where Black people flourished\u003c/a>. Private property was seized. Homes and businesses in hundreds of neighborhoods across the country were demolished. More than 1 million people were displaced, according to U.S. Department of Transportation estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A half-century after the infrastructure project began, a cyclonic financial crisis engulfed the nation. Guess who paid the price? Crosley was like many Black homeowners in the early 2000s who were targeted with subprime loans and adjustable-rate mortgages. People who refinance their homes with loans that include rising rates and payments are more likely to enter foreclosure. Lured by the initially low interest rates, buyers were unable to keep up payments when the rates escalated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2014 report by the Pew Research Center found that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/\">median net worth of Black households dropped 43% during the recession\u003c/a> that followed the 2008 financial crisis. It is estimated that 240,000 Black people lost the homes they owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt='Three papers are taped to a white front door to a home. One reads \"No Trespassing\" in bold. hanging from the door is an ornament of a green frog and a \"Welcome\" sign.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘No Trespassing’ sign hangs on Faye Crosley’s door in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The struggle to save Crosley’s home began in January 2009 when she defaulted on her loan for the first time, according to public records. In an effort to stay afloat, public records show she refinanced five times through four different lenders from 2001 to 2007. Her loan amount ballooned to double the home’s value. She was underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really when the mortgage crisis really started to get attention, and it started to heat up, and consumers were unable to make their mortgage payments likely because there was an adjustable rate mortgage on the property,” said Verleana Green, an attorney with a specialty in elder law and estate planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green reviewed public records obtained by KQED that show there were 30 deed transfers on Crosley’s home in three decades. Green told us she’d never seen a situation where a loan had been reassigned so many times. She said that when banks assign loans to other banks, it grows into a web of confusion for consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So by the time this person says, ‘Hey, listen, I want to refinance, I need a loan modification because I can’t make payments,’ she probably didn’t know who to make payments to,” Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2012, long after big banks were bailed out, the lender stopped cashing Crosley’s checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter, she knows all about the computers and stuff, so she knew how to send that money into the computer,” Crosley said. “We could send it to the post office. We’d send it in different ways and they blocked it. They wouldn’t accept no payment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley told KQED that the lender offered her a deal — increasing the mortgage from $1,715 to $3,900 — that the retired real estate agent couldn’t afford on the $2,900 per month she receives from the government to take care of her daughter and alimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to U.S. Census Bureau data, Black homeownership has declined 15% in the state since 2004. In 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/index.htm\">California’s Black homeownership rate was 36%\u003c/a>, almost 30 points lower than white residents. To put the gulf into perspective, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/buildingblackwealth.htm\">Black homeownership rate was 42% in the 1960s\u003c/a> when it was legal to discriminate against Black homebuyers. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 outlawed redlining, but the effects of the discriminatory practice still reverberate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody else has been able to sort of move up the ladder, but Black people have not been,” Donald K. Tamaki, a task force member, told my colleague Maria Fernanda Bernal. “They did gain ground in the 2000s. They lost it during the mortgage crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will the task force’s proposals keep Black homeowners like Crosley in their homes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does cover things like making loans available, providing more affordable housing,” Tamaki told Bernal. “Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force is recommending direct financial assistance to increase Black homeownership in the state. In a draft of the final report, the members also recommend collecting data on housing discrimination, providing anti-racism training to workers in the housing field and providing restitution for homes confiscated by eminent domain, among other proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952789\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An array of family photos in a picture frame show children wearing halloween costumes, brushing their teeth, dressed in cap and gown and many more -- 14 photos in all.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos show several generations of Faye Crosley’s family, at their home in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden Gate Bridge and the Bay Bridge were visible from the picture windows in Crosley’s living room. Decades of family photos were the first things I noticed after walking through the front door in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polka-dot dress Crosley wore was baggy on her slight frame. She told me that a third of her stomach had been removed when she had stomach cancer. In May 2021, she said, she broke four ribs and punctured a lung in a fall that landed her in the hospital for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents were strewn on a table. Former neighbors, lawyers and paralegals, including one who is known as Tiger Bob, have provided legal advice to Crosley, but all of her attempts to keep the home have repeatedly been dismissed by judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt='A group of people march down a street holding signs and chanting. A visible sign reads \"Housing is a human right.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley (center left, in leopard print) walks down Highland Ave. in Richmond with a group of friends, neighbors and family members, including grandson Kevin Hayes (right foreground), to protest her recent eviction from her home of several decades just down the street, on Feb. 12, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hayes, who posted Crosley’s story on Instagram, raised more than $23,000 on GoFundMe. The money was used to pay for legal fees and a storage space and to rent a two-bedroom apartment near the Richmond marina with her daughter. The rent is $2,500 and storage $600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Bernal and I visited Crosley in April, she offered us cookies and juice. We noticed that there was space for only a fraction of the pictures and knickknacks that once decorated her home. Her dog is living with Hayes’ sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe that they were going to put me out,” Crosley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes said Crosley’s health has declined since being evicted. The home that Crosley purchased for $235,000 in 1992 is now for sale for almost $1 million. Decades of memories are gone, and the equity that could have been passed to her heirs has been erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of housing instability, Hayes, 31, now lives in a communal space in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want her to be happy and I think that the only way that would happen is if she just gets to be back in her house,” he told Bernal. “I think that’s what, like, really breaks me, too. It just hurts so much to know that that pain is there, and that’s what the last section of her life was like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Maria Fernanda Bernal contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The legacy of these policies and predatory loans has led to a sharp decline in Black homeownership. California's reparations task force addresses the discrimination in its final report. But will lawmakers do anything?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1687210703,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1965},"headData":{"title":"Racist Housing Policies Decimated Black Homeownership. Is Change Coming? | KQED","description":"The legacy of these policies and predatory loans has led to a sharp decline in Black homeownership. California's reparations task force addresses the discrimination in its final report. But will lawmakers do anything?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Racist Housing Policies Decimated Black Homeownership. Is Change Coming?","datePublished":"2023-06-16T11:00:55.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-19T21:38:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Commentary","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11952984/reparations-commentary","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>On Saturday, KQED’s weekend team will present a radio special featuring in-depth audio stories, conversations with experts and reporting from Bay Area Juneteenth events. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">kqed.org/reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing gold sequin slippers, Faye Myrette Crosley shuffled into the living room where a bespectacled, Black Santa mannequin stood next to a Christmas tree, one of two in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Jan. 6 when Crosley and her grandson, Kevin Hayes, sat on plastic-wrapped furniture for a conversation with KQED that neither really wanted to have: They were facing eviction. Five days later, on a stormy morning, Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputies escorted them out of the home as neighbors and supporters, who were served bagels by Crosley, protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley, an 80-year-old Black woman, had lived in the seven-bedroom house in unincorporated Richmond for three decades. Hayes was raised in the house. His mother, who needs special assistance, lived in the home, too. From time to time, so did many of their relatives. The house was the family’s anchor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952791 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A front entrance to a home seen from outside the chainlink fence surrounding it. The front lawn has chairs and other belongings on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Furniture and other objects rest outside Faye Crosley’s home of several decades in Richmond, on Feb. 12, 2023. Crosley and her family were evicted in January. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I listened to Crosley and Hayes talk about suspicious mortgage lending practices, I began wondering whether the recommendations from the California Reparations Task Force, the first statewide body to examine the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism, could provide relief for struggling homeowners like Crosley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force will deliver policy recommendations to the Legislature at the end of the month. The legacy of housing segregation and discrimination, including the confiscation of property by eminent domain, is featured prominently in the task force’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Donald K. Tamaki, member, California Reparations Task Force","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is a book of truth that frames the contributions that African Americans have provided to this country, and also is honest and truthful about the incredibly vast experience of discrimination and racial terror,” Lisa Holder, a task force member, told my colleague for an interview that will air during KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on Saturday. “Until people can understand the origin and the depths of anti-Blackness in this country and the narrative around anti-Blackness that has been a dominant narrative for hundreds of years, they cannot understand the purpose of reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than four decades, beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, redlining made it legal to deny affordable mortgages in Black neighborhoods. Decades later, those same neighborhoods were targeted by subprime lenders. The day before Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill that established the task force, he signed a bill that requires counties to identify and purge unlawfully restrictive covenants from property records. The covenants prohibited people of non-white racial and ethnic backgrounds from owning homes in white areas, ensuring racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952987 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black woman wearing a leopard print shirt goes through papers alongside a man doing the same. Behind the woman dishes are displayed on shelves and next to a nutcracker and other Christmas decorations.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley, 80, and her grandson Kevin Hayes go through legal paperwork at their Richmond home on Jan. 11, 2023, the day of their scheduled eviction. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the Black homeownership rate in California peaked at 51%. If you are moderately familiar with American history, unlike the front-runners for the Republican presidential nomination, you know that Black prosperity in America has always been hijacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Reparations in California ","link1":"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the interest of time, we’ll skip over the generational wealth that was created from the unpaid labor of enslaved people and the racial terror their ancestors endured after the federal government abandoned Reconstruction-era policies, and jump to the Black Wall Street massacre in 1921. Three decades later, the targeted destruction of Black communities was deployed to create paths from the suburbs to city centers for white commuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the country marched toward abolishing racial segregation, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 paved the way for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943263/americas-highway-system-is-a-monument-to-environmental-racism-and-a-history-of-inequity\">transportation projects to plow through areas where Black people flourished\u003c/a>. Private property was seized. Homes and businesses in hundreds of neighborhoods across the country were demolished. More than 1 million people were displaced, according to U.S. Department of Transportation estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A half-century after the infrastructure project began, a cyclonic financial crisis engulfed the nation. Guess who paid the price? Crosley was like many Black homeowners in the early 2000s who were targeted with subprime loans and adjustable-rate mortgages. People who refinance their homes with loans that include rising rates and payments are more likely to enter foreclosure. Lured by the initially low interest rates, buyers were unable to keep up payments when the rates escalated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2014 report by the Pew Research Center found that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/\">median net worth of Black households dropped 43% during the recession\u003c/a> that followed the 2008 financial crisis. It is estimated that 240,000 Black people lost the homes they owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt='Three papers are taped to a white front door to a home. One reads \"No Trespassing\" in bold. hanging from the door is an ornament of a green frog and a \"Welcome\" sign.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘No Trespassing’ sign hangs on Faye Crosley’s door in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The struggle to save Crosley’s home began in January 2009 when she defaulted on her loan for the first time, according to public records. In an effort to stay afloat, public records show she refinanced five times through four different lenders from 2001 to 2007. Her loan amount ballooned to double the home’s value. She was underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really when the mortgage crisis really started to get attention, and it started to heat up, and consumers were unable to make their mortgage payments likely because there was an adjustable rate mortgage on the property,” said Verleana Green, an attorney with a specialty in elder law and estate planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green reviewed public records obtained by KQED that show there were 30 deed transfers on Crosley’s home in three decades. Green told us she’d never seen a situation where a loan had been reassigned so many times. She said that when banks assign loans to other banks, it grows into a web of confusion for consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So by the time this person says, ‘Hey, listen, I want to refinance, I need a loan modification because I can’t make payments,’ she probably didn’t know who to make payments to,” Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2012, long after big banks were bailed out, the lender stopped cashing Crosley’s checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter, she knows all about the computers and stuff, so she knew how to send that money into the computer,” Crosley said. “We could send it to the post office. We’d send it in different ways and they blocked it. They wouldn’t accept no payment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley told KQED that the lender offered her a deal — increasing the mortgage from $1,715 to $3,900 — that the retired real estate agent couldn’t afford on the $2,900 per month she receives from the government to take care of her daughter and alimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to U.S. Census Bureau data, Black homeownership has declined 15% in the state since 2004. In 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/index.htm\">California’s Black homeownership rate was 36%\u003c/a>, almost 30 points lower than white residents. To put the gulf into perspective, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/buildingblackwealth.htm\">Black homeownership rate was 42% in the 1960s\u003c/a> when it was legal to discriminate against Black homebuyers. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 outlawed redlining, but the effects of the discriminatory practice still reverberate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody else has been able to sort of move up the ladder, but Black people have not been,” Donald K. Tamaki, a task force member, told my colleague Maria Fernanda Bernal. “They did gain ground in the 2000s. They lost it during the mortgage crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will the task force’s proposals keep Black homeowners like Crosley in their homes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does cover things like making loans available, providing more affordable housing,” Tamaki told Bernal. “Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force is recommending direct financial assistance to increase Black homeownership in the state. In a draft of the final report, the members also recommend collecting data on housing discrimination, providing anti-racism training to workers in the housing field and providing restitution for homes confiscated by eminent domain, among other proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952789\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An array of family photos in a picture frame show children wearing halloween costumes, brushing their teeth, dressed in cap and gown and many more -- 14 photos in all.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos show several generations of Faye Crosley’s family, at their home in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden Gate Bridge and the Bay Bridge were visible from the picture windows in Crosley’s living room. Decades of family photos were the first things I noticed after walking through the front door in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polka-dot dress Crosley wore was baggy on her slight frame. She told me that a third of her stomach had been removed when she had stomach cancer. In May 2021, she said, she broke four ribs and punctured a lung in a fall that landed her in the hospital for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents were strewn on a table. Former neighbors, lawyers and paralegals, including one who is known as Tiger Bob, have provided legal advice to Crosley, but all of her attempts to keep the home have repeatedly been dismissed by judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt='A group of people march down a street holding signs and chanting. A visible sign reads \"Housing is a human right.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley (center left, in leopard print) walks down Highland Ave. in Richmond with a group of friends, neighbors and family members, including grandson Kevin Hayes (right foreground), to protest her recent eviction from her home of several decades just down the street, on Feb. 12, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hayes, who posted Crosley’s story on Instagram, raised more than $23,000 on GoFundMe. The money was used to pay for legal fees and a storage space and to rent a two-bedroom apartment near the Richmond marina with her daughter. The rent is $2,500 and storage $600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Bernal and I visited Crosley in April, she offered us cookies and juice. We noticed that there was space for only a fraction of the pictures and knickknacks that once decorated her home. Her dog is living with Hayes’ sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe that they were going to put me out,” Crosley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes said Crosley’s health has declined since being evicted. The home that Crosley purchased for $235,000 in 1992 is now for sale for almost $1 million. Decades of memories are gone, and the equity that could have been passed to her heirs has been erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of housing instability, Hayes, 31, now lives in a communal space in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want her to be happy and I think that the only way that would happen is if she just gets to be back in her house,” he told Bernal. “I think that’s what, like, really breaks me, too. It just hurts so much to know that that pain is there, and that’s what the last section of her life was like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Maria Fernanda Bernal contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11952984/reparations-commentary","authors":["11770"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_30656","news_30652","news_31116","news_27626","news_31468","news_21028"],"featImg":"news_11952788","label":"source_news_11952984"},"news_11929833":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11929833","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11929833","score":null,"sort":[1666402080000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-realtors-apologize-for-role-in-racist-housing","title":"California Realtors Apologize for Role in Racist Housing Policies","publishDate":1666402080,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors is apologizing for its role in pushing policies that drove racial segregation in the state, decades after the group put its money behind \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-affordable-housing-constitution-20190203-story.html\">a proposition that overturned the state’s first fair housing law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a press conference Friday, leaders of multiple real estate organizations spoke about their next steps, following the association's apology last week. The realtors' group is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11907336/lawmakers-push-to-repeal-anti-black-housing-law-in-california-constitution\">now backing a bill that would overturn a law that makes it harder for the state to build affordable housing\u003c/a>. The group is partnering with nonprofits focused on expanding homeownership among communities of color. It also pushed for a law requiring implicit-bias training for real estate agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a very long time coming,” said Derrick Luckett, chair of the National Association of Real Estate Brokers, an association that has expressed a commitment to expanding intergenerational wealth among Black households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors was one of many real estate groups that supported redlining, barriers to affordable housing projects, and other practices of the 20th century that led to more segregated cities across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1930s, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, backed by the federal government, created maps that categorized parts of cities into grades based on their purported creditworthiness. The practice, now known as redlining, drove racial segregation and income inequality by preventing residents living in certain neighborhoods from receiving loans.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Matt Lewis, spokesperson, California YIMBY\"]'An apology is always backward-looking, so it's important to try to correct the damage you did. But the next step is, so what are you going to do about it?'[/pullquote]The California Association of Realtors, then known as the California Real Estate Association, paid for a campaign to add an amendment to the state constitution in 1950 forcing the government to get voter approval before spending public money on affordable housing. In more recent decades, the group has supported repealing the amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, the association put its money behind \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-10-21/prop-14-ronald-reagan-la-times-vote-segregation-californias-constitution\">a proposition to invalidate the Rumford Act\u003c/a>, a law aimed at protecting people of color from discrimination while they were searching for a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, following the killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery, which led to global demonstrations against racism and police violence, the National Association of Realtors apologized for its role in housing discrimination. Real estate groups in cities including St. Louis and Minneapolis have recently followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otto Catrina, president of the California Association of Realtors, said Friday that its apology follows one by the group's former president in its magazine last year. But this apology is more formal, since it's gone through the approval of the association's board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many of our members, this apology reflects the organization that we are today and are continuing to work to foster inclusion and belonging for all our members and our communities,” Catrina said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Association of Realtors reports that the homeownership rate for Black Americans is 43% compared to 72% for white Americans. Black homeowners also have reported that the value of their home appraisals increases when they strip away any sign of a Black family living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929845\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11929845\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS29302_Oakland-Area-Map-D15-ad0122-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The image of a document from the 1930s.\" width=\"614\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS29302_Oakland-Area-Map-D15-ad0122-qut.jpg 614w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS29302_Oakland-Area-Map-D15-ad0122-qut-160x263.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1937 Oakland area description from the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. Among the 'detrimental influences' listed in the document are 'predominance of foreign elements' and 'infiltration by Negroes and Orientals.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Maryland's T-Races project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eli Knaap, associate director of San Diego State University's Center for Open Geographical Science, said the apology comes when there's overwhelming evidence that the legacy of discriminatory housing policies hinders families' ability to build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The greatest source of wealth for most families is in their home,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knaap, who's studied the lasting impacts of practices like redlining that drove racial segregation, said some local governments now implement what's known as inclusionary zoning where a portion of units in a residential development need to be affordable for lower-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, California's first-in-the-nation reparations task force released an exhaustive report that listed housing segregation as one of the many harms Black Californians faced long after the abolition of slavery. As the task force deliberates on what form reparations could take, economists are working to put dollar figures on the lasting impacts of these harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors hasn't taken an official stance on reparations but will review policy recommendations made by the task force, Catrina said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Lewis, spokesperson for housing advocacy group California YIMBY, said it's important for the realtors' association to be clear about what steps it will take to address the lingering effects of discriminatory policies it supported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An apology is always backward-looking, so it’s important to try to correct the damage you did,\" Lewis said. \"But the next step is, so what are you going to do about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Redlining drove racial segregation in many cities across the US, with some Black homeowners still reporting that the value of their house went up after erasing any sign that a Black family lives there.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1667330867,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":837},"headData":{"title":"California Realtors Apologize for Role in Racist Housing Policies | KQED","description":"Redlining drove racial segregation in many cities across the US, with some Black homeowners still reporting that the value of their house went up after erasing any sign that a Black family lives there.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Realtors Apologize for Role in Racist Housing Policies","datePublished":"2022-10-22T01:28:00.000Z","dateModified":"2022-11-01T19:27:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11929833 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11929833","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/21/california-realtors-apologize-for-role-in-racist-housing/","disqusTitle":"California Realtors Apologize for Role in Racist Housing Policies","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sophieadanna\">Sophie Austin\u003c/a>, Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11929833/california-realtors-apologize-for-role-in-racist-housing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors is apologizing for its role in pushing policies that drove racial segregation in the state, decades after the group put its money behind \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-affordable-housing-constitution-20190203-story.html\">a proposition that overturned the state’s first fair housing law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a press conference Friday, leaders of multiple real estate organizations spoke about their next steps, following the association's apology last week. The realtors' group is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11907336/lawmakers-push-to-repeal-anti-black-housing-law-in-california-constitution\">now backing a bill that would overturn a law that makes it harder for the state to build affordable housing\u003c/a>. The group is partnering with nonprofits focused on expanding homeownership among communities of color. It also pushed for a law requiring implicit-bias training for real estate agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a very long time coming,” said Derrick Luckett, chair of the National Association of Real Estate Brokers, an association that has expressed a commitment to expanding intergenerational wealth among Black households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors was one of many real estate groups that supported redlining, barriers to affordable housing projects, and other practices of the 20th century that led to more segregated cities across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1930s, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, backed by the federal government, created maps that categorized parts of cities into grades based on their purported creditworthiness. The practice, now known as redlining, drove racial segregation and income inequality by preventing residents living in certain neighborhoods from receiving loans.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'An apology is always backward-looking, so it's important to try to correct the damage you did. But the next step is, so what are you going to do about it?'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Matt Lewis, spokesperson, California YIMBY","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors, then known as the California Real Estate Association, paid for a campaign to add an amendment to the state constitution in 1950 forcing the government to get voter approval before spending public money on affordable housing. In more recent decades, the group has supported repealing the amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, the association put its money behind \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-10-21/prop-14-ronald-reagan-la-times-vote-segregation-californias-constitution\">a proposition to invalidate the Rumford Act\u003c/a>, a law aimed at protecting people of color from discrimination while they were searching for a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, following the killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery, which led to global demonstrations against racism and police violence, the National Association of Realtors apologized for its role in housing discrimination. Real estate groups in cities including St. Louis and Minneapolis have recently followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otto Catrina, president of the California Association of Realtors, said Friday that its apology follows one by the group's former president in its magazine last year. But this apology is more formal, since it's gone through the approval of the association's board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many of our members, this apology reflects the organization that we are today and are continuing to work to foster inclusion and belonging for all our members and our communities,” Catrina said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Association of Realtors reports that the homeownership rate for Black Americans is 43% compared to 72% for white Americans. Black homeowners also have reported that the value of their home appraisals increases when they strip away any sign of a Black family living there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929845\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11929845\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS29302_Oakland-Area-Map-D15-ad0122-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The image of a document from the 1930s.\" width=\"614\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS29302_Oakland-Area-Map-D15-ad0122-qut.jpg 614w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS29302_Oakland-Area-Map-D15-ad0122-qut-160x263.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1937 Oakland area description from the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. Among the 'detrimental influences' listed in the document are 'predominance of foreign elements' and 'infiltration by Negroes and Orientals.' \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Maryland's T-Races project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eli Knaap, associate director of San Diego State University's Center for Open Geographical Science, said the apology comes when there's overwhelming evidence that the legacy of discriminatory housing policies hinders families' ability to build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The greatest source of wealth for most families is in their home,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knaap, who's studied the lasting impacts of practices like redlining that drove racial segregation, said some local governments now implement what's known as inclusionary zoning where a portion of units in a residential development need to be affordable for lower-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, California's first-in-the-nation reparations task force released an exhaustive report that listed housing segregation as one of the many harms Black Californians faced long after the abolition of slavery. As the task force deliberates on what form reparations could take, economists are working to put dollar figures on the lasting impacts of these harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Association of Realtors hasn't taken an official stance on reparations but will review policy recommendations made by the task force, Catrina said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Lewis, spokesperson for housing advocacy group California YIMBY, said it's important for the realtors' association to be clear about what steps it will take to address the lingering effects of discriminatory policies it supported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An apology is always backward-looking, so it’s important to try to correct the damage you did,\" Lewis said. \"But the next step is, so what are you going to do about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11929833/california-realtors-apologize-for-role-in-racist-housing","authors":["byline_news_11929833"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8"],"tags":["news_28792","news_137","news_31884","news_21028"],"featImg":"news_11929843","label":"news"},"news_11897843":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11897843","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11897843","score":null,"sort":[1638752877000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"decades-after-cultural-genocide-residents-of-a-bulldozed-community-get-apology-from-hayward","title":"Decades After 'Cultural Genocide,' Residents of a Bulldozed Community Get Apology from Hayward","publishDate":1638752877,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The descendants of a once vibrant, tight-knit community in the East Bay that was wiped off the map to make way for an industrial park in the early 1960s received some positive news recently, when the city of\u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/discover/news/nov21/hayward-city-council-issues-formal-apology-city%E2%80%99s-role-racial-discrimination-0\"> Hayward issued a formal apology\u003c/a> on Nov. 16 for its past racist policies and the role it played in demolishing Russell City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once home to around 1,400 predominantly Black and Latino residents in an unincorporated 12-block area of Hayward, Russell City was a cultural hub for blues music, where legends like Ray Charles and Etta James performed in clubs when they toured the West Coast. The community saw much of its growth during and after World War II, in part because of African Americans migrating from southern states to work in shipyards and factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established in 1853 and named after a teacher who moved to California during the Gold Rush, Russell City at its peak in the post-World War II years “was more of a community and not a city. It was kind of a town in a way,” said Diane Curry, executive director and curator at the Hayward Area Historical Society. “The title of 'city' is a misnomer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photograph of an airport and town.\" width=\"850\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790.jpg 850w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black-and-white aerial photograph from 1948 of Hayward Airport and Russell City. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hayward Area Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The community was home to numerous businesses, a hog ranch, sheep herders, nightclubs, a church, a library, a school and its own fire department. In the 1950s, however, all that changed when Alameda County and Hayward city officials declared Russell City a \"blight\" and decided to transform the area into an industrial business park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sam Nava, former Russell City resident\"]'People lived and worked together, and watched out for each other's children. Russell City is a good example of showing that people, no matter their race or creed, could get along. Those people were down to earth. We all saw each other as equal.'[/pullquote]Despite pushback from residents who had unsuccessfully petitioned officials to provide sewage and electricity and to pave the dirt roads, local governments began forcibly relocating residents and bulldozed the entire community in 1963. Many families ended up in Kelly Hill, East Oakland and other neighboring communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it cultural genocide. They took all the street names of Russell City and put in names like 'Industrial Avenue,'\" said Ronnie Stewart, executive director and founder of the West Coast Blues Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The community had no understanding about lobbying,\" Stewart said. \"When redevelopment happened, they bought people's property well below market rate. Homes were burned down. They didn't want it tied up in court even if residents filed an injunction, which could take over 10 years. They wanted to make sure they didn’t have a place to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a city report included with Hayward's apology resolution, racist, discriminatory \u003ca href=\"https://hayward.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=9957852&GUID=B5709B92-34CB-4807-BC70-49503D4BFD36\">housing practices such as redlining and \"racial steering\" were a big reason\u003c/a> so many Black and Latino residents wound up in Russell City in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redlining, a government-sanctioned racist practice that started in the 1930s, encouraged segregation across the nation by applying stricter mortgage requirements for African American homebuyers and other communities of color. It pushed many families to seek refuge in unincorporated areas like Russell City. That discrimination went further with racial steering, where real estate agents and developers actively directed people of color away from white neighborhoods, with prohibitions against the sale of property to non-white homebuyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=lowdown_18486 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1180x871.jpg']When homes and businesses in Russell City were demolished, residents lost more than just their property. An entire community was uprooted as families were scattered across the Bay Area. Some who were able to resettle relatively close made a concerted effort to keep the bonds forged alive through ongoing gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People lived and worked together, and watched out for each other’s children that would play in the surrounding open fields,” said Sam Nava, a former Russell City resident. Nava, the grandson of Pancho Villa, moved to Russell City with his family in 1942, when he was 2 years old, and fondly remembers the strong sense of community and pride among residents, as well as the nightclub near his house where he would get ice cream during the day as a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nava, now 82, remains in close contact with other former residents and their descendants through an annual picnic celebration at Kennedy Park in Hayward where families gather and reflect on the good times in Russell City. The annual picnic had been going on for over 20 years until 2018, when renovations began at the park. The park was scheduled to reopen in the spring of 2021 but was delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nava created a wall-size cardboard sign filled with photos submitted from former residents and a hand-drawn map of Russell City where descendants could write their names by the streets where they used to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Russell City is a good example of showing that people, no matter their race or creed, could get along,” said Nava. “Those people were down to earth. We all saw each other as equal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1930px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11898068 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1930\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail.jpg 1930w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-800x708.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-1020x903.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-160x142.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-1536x1360.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-1920x1700.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1930px) 100vw, 1930px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of a hand-drawn map from former Russell City resident Sam Nava displaying the neighborhood layout he made around 1970. Nava and other former residents marked where they lived at an annual picnic that year. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Aisha Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aisha Knowles, 44, who was born and raised in Hayward and is a descendant of Russell City residents, remembers attending the annual picnic at Kennedy Park every year since she was a child and learning more about the history of the community. Her family owned an auto shop called Honest Abe and Sons, and her grandmother and great-uncle, Fannie Knowles and Bill Eastland, helped found the First Baptist Church of Russell City in 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up hearing so many different stories and loved meeting other people from Russell City,” said Knowles. “I was pleased to see the commission's work. It was one step and component that makes sure Russell City is never forgotten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898070\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898070\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, Frances Doyal, Winny Knowles and Aisha Knowles, former residents and descendants of families from Russell City, pose for a photo during the annual Russell City reunion picnic at Kennedy Park in Hayward on Sept. 3, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Aisha Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the police murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in 2020, other Bay Area cities have been grappling with their own discriminatory pasts, and in recent months have shown a willingness to acknowledge and apologize for damage done. On Sept. 29, the San Jos\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">é\u003c/span> City Council held a ceremony at the Circle of Palms Plaza to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown\">apologize to Chinese immigrants and their descendants\u003c/a> for deliberately setting fire to San Jos\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">é\u003c/span>’s Chinatown in 1887, destroying businesses and displacing over 1,000 people. Over the summer, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886267/california-cities-apologize-for-historical-wrongs-against-chinese-community\">Antioch City Council apologized to the Chinese community\u003c/a> for burning down its Chinatown in 1876.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Artavia Berry, chair, Hayward Community Services Commission\"]'We wanted the city to apologize, but we also want solutions.'[/pullquote]Hayward's formal apology to Russell City residents and their descendants was spurred on by the actions of residents like Artavia Berry, chair of the Hayward Community Services Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berry, who helped draft Hayward's apology, said the commission has been pushing the city to improve equity, add new training for the police department and talk about how governments and institutions can engage communities of color. Along with the formal apology is an 10-part plan to address the many concerns of Hayward’s Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many other communities have received reparations and apologies, but I haven’t seen many institutions apologize to Black people for anything,” said Berry. “We wanted the city to apologize, but we also want solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898075\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artavia Berry, chair of the Hayward Community Services Commission, near her home in Hayward on Dec. 2, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Proposed solutions include financial resources being allocated for a Black homeowner business fund, supporting an annual Juneteenth citywide celebration in Hayward, providing culturally relevant educational tools for Black students and developing Black businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, the commission made a presentation to Hayward's city council on potential restitution and how to incorporate their recommendations into the city’s strategic plan. Berry is optimistic that the city will work with her commission and add their proposals into the city budget by next June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898081\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"hand holds open a book with detail of historical black and white photos of Russell City\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artavia Berry, chair of the Hayward Community Services Commission, looks through the book 'Images of America: Russell City.' \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berry said despite her anger after learning about how poorly Russell City residents were treated, she admires their resilience to be able to work together and build a community on their own. She hopes the work being done in Hayward can serve as a blueprint for other cities across the nation on how to heal old wounds and move forward in an equitable way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This process really shows that you don’t have to be an elected official to make change and influence policy,” said Berry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone on the commission are volunteers and residents of Hayward who care about the community. It doesn’t matter what your station is in life. If you’re willing to speak up, you can make change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The descendants of the once vibrant, tight-knit East Bay community of Russell City, which was wiped off the map in 1963, got positive news recently, when the city of Hayward issued a formal apology for its past racist policies and the role it played in demolishing the town.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1644518190,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1610},"headData":{"title":"Decades After 'Cultural Genocide,' Residents of a Bulldozed Community Get Apology from Hayward | KQED","description":"The descendants of the once vibrant, tight-knit East Bay community of Russell City, which was wiped off the map in 1963, got positive news recently, when the city of Hayward issued a formal apology for its past racist policies and the role it played in demolishing the town.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Decades After 'Cultural Genocide,' Residents of a Bulldozed Community Get Apology from Hayward","datePublished":"2021-12-06T01:07:57.000Z","dateModified":"2022-02-10T18:36:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11897843 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11897843","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/12/05/decades-after-cultural-genocide-residents-of-a-bulldozed-community-get-apology-from-hayward/","disqusTitle":"Decades After 'Cultural Genocide,' Residents of a Bulldozed Community Get Apology from Hayward","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11897843/decades-after-cultural-genocide-residents-of-a-bulldozed-community-get-apology-from-hayward","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The descendants of a once vibrant, tight-knit community in the East Bay that was wiped off the map to make way for an industrial park in the early 1960s received some positive news recently, when the city of\u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/discover/news/nov21/hayward-city-council-issues-formal-apology-city%E2%80%99s-role-racial-discrimination-0\"> Hayward issued a formal apology\u003c/a> on Nov. 16 for its past racist policies and the role it played in demolishing Russell City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once home to around 1,400 predominantly Black and Latino residents in an unincorporated 12-block area of Hayward, Russell City was a cultural hub for blues music, where legends like Ray Charles and Etta James performed in clubs when they toured the West Coast. The community saw much of its growth during and after World War II, in part because of African Americans migrating from southern states to work in shipyards and factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established in 1853 and named after a teacher who moved to California during the Gold Rush, Russell City at its peak in the post-World War II years “was more of a community and not a city. It was kind of a town in a way,” said Diane Curry, executive director and curator at the Hayward Area Historical Society. “The title of 'city' is a misnomer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photograph of an airport and town.\" width=\"850\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790.jpg 850w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/790337790-160x110.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black-and-white aerial photograph from 1948 of Hayward Airport and Russell City. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hayward Area Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The community was home to numerous businesses, a hog ranch, sheep herders, nightclubs, a church, a library, a school and its own fire department. In the 1950s, however, all that changed when Alameda County and Hayward city officials declared Russell City a \"blight\" and decided to transform the area into an industrial business park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'People lived and worked together, and watched out for each other's children. Russell City is a good example of showing that people, no matter their race or creed, could get along. Those people were down to earth. We all saw each other as equal.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Sam Nava, former Russell City resident","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Despite pushback from residents who had unsuccessfully petitioned officials to provide sewage and electricity and to pave the dirt roads, local governments began forcibly relocating residents and bulldozed the entire community in 1963. Many families ended up in Kelly Hill, East Oakland and other neighboring communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call it cultural genocide. They took all the street names of Russell City and put in names like 'Industrial Avenue,'\" said Ronnie Stewart, executive director and founder of the West Coast Blues Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The community had no understanding about lobbying,\" Stewart said. \"When redevelopment happened, they bought people's property well below market rate. Homes were burned down. They didn't want it tied up in court even if residents filed an injunction, which could take over 10 years. They wanted to make sure they didn’t have a place to live.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a city report included with Hayward's apology resolution, racist, discriminatory \u003ca href=\"https://hayward.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=9957852&GUID=B5709B92-34CB-4807-BC70-49503D4BFD36\">housing practices such as redlining and \"racial steering\" were a big reason\u003c/a> so many Black and Latino residents wound up in Russell City in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redlining, a government-sanctioned racist practice that started in the 1930s, encouraged segregation across the nation by applying stricter mortgage requirements for African American homebuyers and other communities of color. It pushed many families to seek refuge in unincorporated areas like Russell City. That discrimination went further with racial steering, where real estate agents and developers actively directed people of color away from white neighborhoods, with prohibitions against the sale of property to non-white homebuyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"lowdown_18486","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1180x871.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When homes and businesses in Russell City were demolished, residents lost more than just their property. An entire community was uprooted as families were scattered across the Bay Area. Some who were able to resettle relatively close made a concerted effort to keep the bonds forged alive through ongoing gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People lived and worked together, and watched out for each other’s children that would play in the surrounding open fields,” said Sam Nava, a former Russell City resident. Nava, the grandson of Pancho Villa, moved to Russell City with his family in 1942, when he was 2 years old, and fondly remembers the strong sense of community and pride among residents, as well as the nightclub near his house where he would get ice cream during the day as a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nava, now 82, remains in close contact with other former residents and their descendants through an annual picnic celebration at Kennedy Park in Hayward where families gather and reflect on the good times in Russell City. The annual picnic had been going on for over 20 years until 2018, when renovations began at the park. The park was scheduled to reopen in the spring of 2021 but was delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nava created a wall-size cardboard sign filled with photos submitted from former residents and a hand-drawn map of Russell City where descendants could write their names by the streets where they used to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Russell City is a good example of showing that people, no matter their race or creed, could get along,” said Nava. “Those people were down to earth. We all saw each other as equal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1930px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11898068 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1930\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail.jpg 1930w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-800x708.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-1020x903.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-160x142.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-1536x1360.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MapDetail-1920x1700.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1930px) 100vw, 1930px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of a hand-drawn map from former Russell City resident Sam Nava displaying the neighborhood layout he made around 1970. Nava and other former residents marked where they lived at an annual picnic that year. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Aisha Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aisha Knowles, 44, who was born and raised in Hayward and is a descendant of Russell City residents, remembers attending the annual picnic at Kennedy Park every year since she was a child and learning more about the history of the community. Her family owned an auto shop called Honest Abe and Sons, and her grandmother and great-uncle, Fannie Knowles and Bill Eastland, helped found the First Baptist Church of Russell City in 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up hearing so many different stories and loved meeting other people from Russell City,” said Knowles. “I was pleased to see the commission's work. It was one step and component that makes sure Russell City is never forgotten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898070\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898070\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/KnowlesPicnic-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, Frances Doyal, Winny Knowles and Aisha Knowles, former residents and descendants of families from Russell City, pose for a photo during the annual Russell City reunion picnic at Kennedy Park in Hayward on Sept. 3, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Aisha Knowles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the police murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in 2020, other Bay Area cities have been grappling with their own discriminatory pasts, and in recent months have shown a willingness to acknowledge and apologize for damage done. On Sept. 29, the San Jos\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">é\u003c/span> City Council held a ceremony at the Circle of Palms Plaza to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890341/san-jose-to-apologize-for-the-1887-burning-of-the-citys-chinatown\">apologize to Chinese immigrants and their descendants\u003c/a> for deliberately setting fire to San Jos\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">é\u003c/span>’s Chinatown in 1887, destroying businesses and displacing over 1,000 people. Over the summer, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886267/california-cities-apologize-for-historical-wrongs-against-chinese-community\">Antioch City Council apologized to the Chinese community\u003c/a> for burning down its Chinatown in 1876.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We wanted the city to apologize, but we also want solutions.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Artavia Berry, chair, Hayward Community Services Commission","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hayward's formal apology to Russell City residents and their descendants was spurred on by the actions of residents like Artavia Berry, chair of the Hayward Community Services Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berry, who helped draft Hayward's apology, said the commission has been pushing the city to improve equity, add new training for the police department and talk about how governments and institutions can engage communities of color. Along with the formal apology is an 10-part plan to address the many concerns of Hayward’s Black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many other communities have received reparations and apologies, but I haven’t seen many institutions apologize to Black people for anything,” said Berry. “We wanted the city to apologize, but we also want solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898075\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52748_003_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artavia Berry, chair of the Hayward Community Services Commission, near her home in Hayward on Dec. 2, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Proposed solutions include financial resources being allocated for a Black homeowner business fund, supporting an annual Juneteenth citywide celebration in Hayward, providing culturally relevant educational tools for Black students and developing Black businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, the commission made a presentation to Hayward's city council on potential restitution and how to incorporate their recommendations into the city’s strategic plan. Berry is optimistic that the city will work with her commission and add their proposals into the city budget by next June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11898081\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"hand holds open a book with detail of historical black and white photos of Russell City\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52751_006_Hayward_RussellCity_12022021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artavia Berry, chair of the Hayward Community Services Commission, looks through the book 'Images of America: Russell City.' \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berry said despite her anger after learning about how poorly Russell City residents were treated, she admires their resilience to be able to work together and build a community on their own. She hopes the work being done in Hayward can serve as a blueprint for other cities across the nation on how to heal old wounds and move forward in an equitable way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This process really shows that you don’t have to be an elected official to make change and influence policy,” said Berry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone on the commission are volunteers and residents of Hayward who care about the community. It doesn’t matter what your station is in life. If you’re willing to speak up, you can make change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11897843/decades-after-cultural-genocide-residents-of-a-bulldozed-community-get-apology-from-hayward","authors":["11784"],"categories":["news_223","news_6266","news_28250","news_8"],"tags":["news_30323","news_30652","news_20228","news_27626","news_1037","news_30322","news_25329","news_19216","news_21028","news_2923","news_30320","news_30321"],"featImg":"news_11898062","label":"news"},"news_11848754":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11848754","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11848754","score":null,"sort":[1606335413000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-and-latino-homebuyers-in-california-receive-disproportionately-fewer-bank-loans-new-report-finds","title":"Black and Latino Homebuyers in California Receive Disproportionately Fewer Bank Loans, New Report Finds","publishDate":1606335413,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Black and Latino homebuyers across California have far less access to loans from banks than do other groups, \u003ca href=\"https://greenlining.org/publications/2020/home-lending-to-communities-of-color-in-california/\">according to a new report released Tuesday\u003c/a> by the Greenlining Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those disparities persist even when taking into account population and income, the Oakland-based group found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the absence of bank loans, many Black and Latino homebuyers turn to non-bank lending options. Known as “fintech,” these loans are often — though not always — \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3677283\">replete with high-interest rates that pile on debt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Rawan Elhalaby, Greenling Institute\"]'Nobody is telling them you have to lend to people of color, and until it makes more financial sense for them, they will not do it.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rawan Elhalaby, the report’s author, says stronger federal regulations are needed to compel traditional banks to serve Black and Latino communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody is telling them you have to lend to people of color, and until it makes more financial sense for them, they will not do it,” said Elhalaby, a program manager at the Greenlining Institute, a racial and economic justice policy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group used mortgage data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, passed by Congress in 1975, to analyze lending patterns in six major metropolitan areas across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, in the Oakland-Berkeley-Livermore metropolitan area, encompassing 2.8 million people, the Black population makes up 9.4% of the population, but were awarded only 4% of all home purchase loans in 2019, it found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That disparity is even more extreme among Latinos in the same region, who represent 23.7% of the population, but were awarded only 10.8% of home-buying loans last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the bay, in the San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City metropolitan area of roughly 1.6 million people, Black people make up 3.6% of the population, but they netted just 78 home-purchasing loans in 2019, or 0.73% of all loans awarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, white people, who make up over 39% of that region, were awarded about 4,200 home-buying loans in 2019, a rate roughly proportionate to their population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends the following series of steps to improve equity in awarding home loans:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For banks to create more loan products and extend access and outreach in lower-income and immigrant communities;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For banks to increase their branch presence in rural communities and communities of color;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For communities to better fund nonprofits led by people of color to support homeownership counseling;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And for federal reform to strengthen the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and other regulations to make more loans available to households in low- and moderate-income communities.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Elhalaby’s said her parents, who emigrated from Palestine to San Diego in 1989, benefited from working with culturally competent banks. There is a prevalence of Arabic-speaking bank tellers among Wells Fargo branches in that city, which Elhalaby said was key to her parents securing a home loan when she was a teenager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was kind of a game changer,” she said. “There was someone that [could] really explain the whole system, like anything that they signed. They felt confident that they knew what they were getting into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a similar dynamic playing out across the most recent loan data, Elhalaby said. Asian communities in California — and the Chinese community in particular — receive home loans at rates similar to those of white people, a factor due largely to bank access, Elhalaby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many culturally competent banks serving Asian communities in the Bay Area. East West Bank, for instance, has tellers who speak Cantonese and Mandarin, and are located in key Chinese neighborhoods like Oakland’s Chinatown or San Francisco’s Irving Street. Their website lists the languages spoken at each branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That points a way forward to increase banking access in Latino communities, with more Spanish-speaking tellers who can offer loan services targeted to their specific needs. Doing so may mean structuring loans in a way that allows multiple family members to contribute financially to buying a home, for instance, which is more common in immigrant communities, Elhalaby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women of color face some of the greatest disparities in getting home loans in California: They make up 30% of the state's population but net just 7% of all home-buying loans, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women of color are often the sole supporters of their extended families and are likely to be entrepreneurs, Elhalaby said. So “creative underwriting” that acknowledges the many payment obligations they have, may make home loans more accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While language access isn’t necessarily an issue in California’s Black communities, bank access often is, the report found. It suggests they would be better served if banks opened more branches in those communities and offered more home-buying counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"home-loans\"] That’s old news to Nikki Beasley, executive director of Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services, which largely serves Black communities in Oakland and Richmond. The organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.richmondnhs.org/programs#164\">hosts homebuyer workshops\u003c/a> and tries to clear up common misconceptions among many first-time homebuyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People tend to be comfortable in the community they live,” she said. But as a former banker herself, Beasley says there is sometimes “bias” in the lending process. “I will admit, as bankers, you tend to assess based on what people look like, how they dress,” she said, noting that those judgements can be made inadvertently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placing more bank branches in traditionally underserved communities with employees from those communities can reduce that bias, Beasley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With scarce access to loans from traditional banks, Beasley worries Black homebuyers with less income may face dauntingly steep interest rates — sometimes as high as 30% — from fintech loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People still say yes to that raw deal because it’s their only option, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, that, in my mind, is a predatory practice because they are targeting people that may not be able to get this particular loan or offer because of poor credit, overutilization of debt, or low income,” Beasley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To counter that, Beasley said her organization helped over 100 first-time homebuyers in her community in 2020 alone, putting her organization on track to secure about the same number of loans they closed in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We bring information to individuals, keep them encouraged and motivated,” Beasley said. “Because — there is a way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Black and Latino homebuyers across California are awarded fewer loans from banks than other groups, even when taking into account population and income, according to a new report.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1606351061,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1098},"headData":{"title":"Black and Latino Homebuyers in California Receive Disproportionately Fewer Bank Loans, New Report Finds | KQED","description":"Black and Latino homebuyers across California are awarded fewer loans from banks than other groups, even when taking into account population and income, according to a new report.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Black and Latino Homebuyers in California Receive Disproportionately Fewer Bank Loans, New Report Finds","datePublished":"2020-11-25T20:16:53.000Z","dateModified":"2020-11-26T00:37:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11848754 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11848754","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/11/25/black-and-latino-homebuyers-in-california-receive-disproportionately-fewer-bank-loans-new-report-finds/","disqusTitle":"Black and Latino Homebuyers in California Receive Disproportionately Fewer Bank Loans, New Report Finds","path":"/news/11848754/black-and-latino-homebuyers-in-california-receive-disproportionately-fewer-bank-loans-new-report-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Black and Latino homebuyers across California have far less access to loans from banks than do other groups, \u003ca href=\"https://greenlining.org/publications/2020/home-lending-to-communities-of-color-in-california/\">according to a new report released Tuesday\u003c/a> by the Greenlining Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those disparities persist even when taking into account population and income, the Oakland-based group found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the absence of bank loans, many Black and Latino homebuyers turn to non-bank lending options. Known as “fintech,” these loans are often — though not always — \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3677283\">replete with high-interest rates that pile on debt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Nobody is telling them you have to lend to people of color, and until it makes more financial sense for them, they will not do it.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Rawan Elhalaby, Greenling Institute","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rawan Elhalaby, the report’s author, says stronger federal regulations are needed to compel traditional banks to serve Black and Latino communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody is telling them you have to lend to people of color, and until it makes more financial sense for them, they will not do it,” said Elhalaby, a program manager at the Greenlining Institute, a racial and economic justice policy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group used mortgage data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, passed by Congress in 1975, to analyze lending patterns in six major metropolitan areas across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, in the Oakland-Berkeley-Livermore metropolitan area, encompassing 2.8 million people, the Black population makes up 9.4% of the population, but were awarded only 4% of all home purchase loans in 2019, it found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That disparity is even more extreme among Latinos in the same region, who represent 23.7% of the population, but were awarded only 10.8% of home-buying loans last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the bay, in the San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City metropolitan area of roughly 1.6 million people, Black people make up 3.6% of the population, but they netted just 78 home-purchasing loans in 2019, or 0.73% of all loans awarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, white people, who make up over 39% of that region, were awarded about 4,200 home-buying loans in 2019, a rate roughly proportionate to their population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends the following series of steps to improve equity in awarding home loans:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For banks to create more loan products and extend access and outreach in lower-income and immigrant communities;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For banks to increase their branch presence in rural communities and communities of color;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For communities to better fund nonprofits led by people of color to support homeownership counseling;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And for federal reform to strengthen the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and other regulations to make more loans available to households in low- and moderate-income communities.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Elhalaby’s said her parents, who emigrated from Palestine to San Diego in 1989, benefited from working with culturally competent banks. There is a prevalence of Arabic-speaking bank tellers among Wells Fargo branches in that city, which Elhalaby said was key to her parents securing a home loan when she was a teenager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was kind of a game changer,” she said. “There was someone that [could] really explain the whole system, like anything that they signed. They felt confident that they knew what they were getting into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a similar dynamic playing out across the most recent loan data, Elhalaby said. Asian communities in California — and the Chinese community in particular — receive home loans at rates similar to those of white people, a factor due largely to bank access, Elhalaby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many culturally competent banks serving Asian communities in the Bay Area. East West Bank, for instance, has tellers who speak Cantonese and Mandarin, and are located in key Chinese neighborhoods like Oakland’s Chinatown or San Francisco’s Irving Street. Their website lists the languages spoken at each branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That points a way forward to increase banking access in Latino communities, with more Spanish-speaking tellers who can offer loan services targeted to their specific needs. Doing so may mean structuring loans in a way that allows multiple family members to contribute financially to buying a home, for instance, which is more common in immigrant communities, Elhalaby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women of color face some of the greatest disparities in getting home loans in California: They make up 30% of the state's population but net just 7% of all home-buying loans, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women of color are often the sole supporters of their extended families and are likely to be entrepreneurs, Elhalaby said. So “creative underwriting” that acknowledges the many payment obligations they have, may make home loans more accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While language access isn’t necessarily an issue in California’s Black communities, bank access often is, the report found. It suggests they would be better served if banks opened more branches in those communities and offered more home-buying counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"home-loans"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> That’s old news to Nikki Beasley, executive director of Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services, which largely serves Black communities in Oakland and Richmond. The organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.richmondnhs.org/programs#164\">hosts homebuyer workshops\u003c/a> and tries to clear up common misconceptions among many first-time homebuyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People tend to be comfortable in the community they live,” she said. But as a former banker herself, Beasley says there is sometimes “bias” in the lending process. “I will admit, as bankers, you tend to assess based on what people look like, how they dress,” she said, noting that those judgements can be made inadvertently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placing more bank branches in traditionally underserved communities with employees from those communities can reduce that bias, Beasley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With scarce access to loans from traditional banks, Beasley worries Black homebuyers with less income may face dauntingly steep interest rates — sometimes as high as 30% — from fintech loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People still say yes to that raw deal because it’s their only option, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, that, in my mind, is a predatory practice because they are targeting people that may not be able to get this particular loan or offer because of poor credit, overutilization of debt, or low income,” Beasley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To counter that, Beasley said her organization helped over 100 first-time homebuyers in her community in 2020 alone, putting her organization on track to secure about the same number of loans they closed in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We bring information to individuals, keep them encouraged and motivated,” Beasley said. “Because — there is a way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11848754/black-and-latino-homebuyers-in-california-receive-disproportionately-fewer-bank-loans-new-report-finds","authors":["11690"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_25773","news_1775","news_20704","news_21028"],"featImg":"news_11841421","label":"news"},"news_11829316":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11829316","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11829316","score":null,"sort":[1594990855000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-hidden-toll-of-californias-black-exodus","title":"The Hidden Toll of California’s Black Exodus","publishDate":1594990855,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In a quiet corner of Elk Grove, where the maze of subdivisions and shopping centers gives way to open fields, Sharie Wilson has spent the last three years building her dream home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s nothing like the neighborhood where she grew up in South Central Los Angeles. But in this Sacramento suburb, her family owns a modern farmhouse set on 2.5 acres, with a stately U-shaped driveway and a Pan-African flag over the front door. In the backyard, there’s a basketball court inlaid with the logo of her hair care company, DreamGirls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wilson has to justify her family’s success. Neighbors have asked her husband, who works at the local water district and runs his own apparel company, what sport he plays. Or how the couple really paid for their house. “Hopefully once people keep seeing it, they stop seeing the color and start seeing us as humans,” said Wilson, a 41-year-old mother of six boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Willow Lung-Amam, University of Maryland\"]'Part of what we’re seeing is the kind of anti-Black racism that has followed Black folks wherever they go. You still face the same kind of structural barriers.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson is one of around 275,000 Black Californians who have left high-cost coastal cities in the last three decades, sometimes bound for other states or cities, but more often to seek their slice of the American dream in the state’s sprawling suburban backyard. Many transplants pack up for the promise of homeownership, safety and better schools. Housing-rich Elk Grove has gained nearly 18,000 Black residents since 1990 — a 5,100% jump mirrored by increases around the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta, Southern California’s Inland Empire and the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Black renters have been disproportionately forced out of cities as costs and evictions climbed; the Black population has plunged 45% in Compton, 43% in San Francisco and 40% in Oakland. While a version of this geographic scramble is playing out for working and middle-class people of all races, the distinct obstacles that Black residents encounter in new communities raise the question: How far do you have to go today to find opportunity — and are some things ever really possible to leave behind?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of what we’re seeing is the kind of anti-Black racism that has followed Black folks wherever they go,” said Willow Lung-Amam, an associate professor of urban planning at the University of Maryland. “You still face the same kind of structural barriers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In adopted hometowns, Black Californians face newer, subtler forms of segregation. Old regimes of legal housing and job discrimination have given way to predatory loans, shifting patterns of disinvestment and flare ups of racism or violence in areas that once promised a level playing field, reports from \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/sites/default/files/images/bay_area_re-segregation_rising_housing_costs_report_2019.pdf\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/the-resegregation-of-suburban-schools-a-hidden-crisis-in-american-education\">UCLA\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://urbanhabitat.org/sites/default/files/%20UH%20Discussion%20Paper%20Nov%202017.pdf\">social services groups\u003c/a> have found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as Black Lives Matter protests collide with anxiety about COVID-19’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/05/why-is-coronavirus-deadly-for-blacks-los-angeles/\">disproportionate Black death toll\u003c/a> and anxiety about a coming \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2020/05/cailfornia-rent-forgiveness-tenants-landlords/\">wave of evictions\u003c/a>, at issue is whether these overlapping crises will accelerate California’s Black exodus or force a reckoning both inside and outside major cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Moving Out\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829320\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829320\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1183\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_08.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_08-160x246.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharie Wilson stands below the Pan-African flag outside of her Elk Grove home on June 22, 2020. Wilson says that she raised the flag to celebrate Juneteenth as a way to help educate her neighbors about the holiday. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson had never been to Elk Grove before she moved there in 2002 to start a family. She’d never been called the n-word before she moved there, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2017, after years of working a day job in sales and doing hair late into the night, her own salon in Old Town Elk Grove was thriving. She went back to L.A. often to dream up business ideas with her sister and make sure her kids weren’t too far “out of the loop” on Black culture. But one day, a stylist at Wilson’s salon found a note jammed in the door. It was riddled with racial slurs and said to “get out soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It didn’t make me want to leave,” Wilson said. “It made me want to force them to understand who I am, what I’m about, and that I add value to this community just like everybody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, just before Wilson left L.A., California had the country’s second-largest Black population at more than 2.2 million people. But under the surface, a seismic shift was happening in where people lived, the opportunities they chased and the social networks they relied on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After white flight, Black flight had accelerated in the 1980s. Outer suburbs like Palmdale, Antioch and Elk Grove saw exponential growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state went from a high of 7.7% Black in 1980 to 5.5% Black in 2018, Census data shows, even as it added 15 million residents who were mostly Latino, Asian or multi-racial. Nearly 75,000 Black Californians left the state in 2018, according to a CalMatters analysis of federal estimates, compared to 48,000 Black people who moved in. The three most popular states for Black ex-Californians were Nevada, Texas and Georgia, reflecting both a \u003ca href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2018/7/31/17632092/black-chicago-neighborhood-great-migration\">national reversal\u003c/a> of last century’s Great Migration and movement to emerging \u003ca href=\"https://hbcudigest.com/the-black-middle-class-is-creating-new-cities-hbcus-should-be-the-anchors-for-the-new-migration/\">middle class hubs\u003c/a> for Black homeownership, education and entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/story/464038/embed\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time Cierra Washington-Griffin left California was in 2010, when she was 23 and fresh off a breakup. Three days on a Greyhound from her hometown of Sacramento to Fort Benning, Georgia, gave her plenty of time to think about starting over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within a month, she had a car, a job at a hotel and a two-bedroom duplex that cost $450 a month — a rapid shift to financial independence that had seemed impossible back home. She also didn’t have to change her voice to “sound white” like when she applied for work in affluent California suburbs. “It was just so much simpler there,” said Washington-Griffin, now 33.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her grandmother was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, and she sees things differently. Barbara Washington followed family from St. Louis to California in the 1970s, at the tail end of the migration that brought hundreds of thousands of Black people to California from the South. Washington settled in Richmond, part of the Bay Area’s jobs-rich former “war corridor,” a center of Black life forged by discriminatory housing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington worked as a nurse, and by the time her children were having children in the ’80s, the Bay Area seemed too fast. They moved to the “cow town” of Sacramento, and she never regretted moving to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cierra Washington-Griffin, right, and her grandmother, Barbara Washington, near Washington's home in Elk Grove on June 22, 2020. Washington-Griffin regularly goes back and forth between the Sacramento area and North Carolina. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We wanted something different for the kids,” Washington said on a recent 100-degree day at a park in Elk Grove, where she moved after the house she rented in Sacramento was sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See, that’s weird though,” said Washington-Griffin, who moved back in last year with plans to leave again but now is unsure. “I feel like it’s better out there, especially for people of color, in the South.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her grandmother shook her head. “I don’t think so,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing Racial Wealth Gap\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Timing is everything in California’s winner-take-most economy. The longer it takes Black residents to cash in when times are good and the harder they’re hit when things turn bad, the wider the state’s racial wealth gap grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"redlining\"]In Los Angeles, white households have a median net worth of $355,000, compared to $4,000 for Black households, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.frbsf.org/community-development/files/color-of-wealth-in-los-angeles.pdf\">an analysis\u003c/a> by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Studies in the Bay Area have shown that homes are \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/racial-segregation-san-francisco-bay-area-part-4#white-vs-black-latinx\">twice as valuable\u003c/a> in white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who move in hopes of changing those daunting numbers, the challenge today is finding a “window of opportunity,” said Deirdre Pfeiffer, an associate professor of geography and urban planning at Arizona State University. Her research found that some L.A. transplants to the Inland Empire did find upward mobility in the ’80s and ’90s. But it’s been difficult to maintain because of a slow-down in building and patterns like a racial “\u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25098897?seq=1\">tipping point\u003c/a>” in suburban real estate, where white residents tend to flee as areas diversify. From there, in some cases, property values sink, tax rolls shrivel and public services like schools start to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even for many Black Californians who did manage to buy property, the financial crisis a decade ago was crushing. Cities where Black families bought houses in large numbers became epicenters of the foreclosure crisis. Antioch’s foreclosure rate of 2,446 per 100,000 residents was “hundreds of times higher than most of Silicon Valley” about an hour away, Alex Schafran wrote in his 2018 book “The Road to Resegregation: Northern California and the Failure of Politics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Fair Housing Act outlawed redlining and other legal forms of housing discrimination 50 years ago, author Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor writes that they were replaced by a system of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-race-profit/\">predatory inclusion\u003c/a>,” where Black residents were targeted for bad loans and higher interest rates on properties less likely to sharply appreciate. Homeownership became even more elusive after the last crash, when investors \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2018/04/data-dig-big-investment-firms-have-stopped-gobbling-up-california-homes/\">bought up thousands of houses\u003c/a> and turned them into rentals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LaShai Daniels didn’t know how much to worry about real estate if she wanted to stay close to home. Last fall, the 48-year-old Oakland native lost her job and had to leave her apartment in Vallejo. She lived in her car and sometimes stayed with friends — “a rubber-band state” between housed and unhoused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never knew that you could take your IRA and buy property with it,” said Daniels, who has worked in medical billing and payroll for more than two decades. “If no one educates you, you don’t know these things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829341\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1664px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829341\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1664\" height=\"1114\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06.jpg 1664w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-1536x1028.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1664px) 100vw, 1664px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LaShai Daniels in her room at Extended Stay American in Emeryville on June 29, 2020. Daniels has been staying at the hotel since February while working a variety of jobs. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Black people make up less than 6% of California’s total population, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2019/10/black-people-disproportionately-homeless-in-california/\">about 40%\u003c/a> of the state’s homeless residents are Black. Increasing death rates and shorter life expectancies were \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2019-04-23/homeless-dying-in-record-numbers-on-the-streets-of-los-angeles\">growing concerns\u003c/a> even before COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before the virus hit this spring, Daniels decided to do whatever it took to get a hotel. She spent days working a new job in payroll and nights at an extended-stay hotel in Emeryville. It cost $3,200 the first month, but it didn’t require applications and credit checks like an apartment. She’s now an organizer with Black-led activist group \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2020/06/black-californians-housing-crisis-by-the-numbers/\">Moms 4 Housing\u003c/a>, which has helped pay hotel bills during the pandemic. One day, Daniels hopes to open a shelter in the name of her son, who was killed at 17 by a 15-year-old with a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know where you can go and be safe,” Daniels said. “It’s just sad now that we’ve come so far to still be in the same place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stay or Go?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Derek King knew he had to leave Compton when the gunfire stopped scaring him. It was 1985, and he was 15 hanging out with friends when someone started shooting into a house next door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just took a step away and kept talking about Magic Johnson and the Lakers,” said King, now a 50-year-old father of four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His ticket out came when he joined the military in 1993, just after the cops indicted for beating Rodney King were acquitted. He settled in Apple Valley and now serves as assistant superintendent of a charter school. The desert communities that make up Victor Valley have their issues — it’s been tense lately, and none of the politicians look like him — but King mostly found what he was looking for in a sprawling home with a tennis court, a pool and clear views of the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829322\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829322\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1176\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Derek King, 50, moved to Apple Valley from Compton after serving eight years in the U.S. Army. King says the high desert has its own variety of racial issues, but knew he wanted his children to have a different childhood than his experience in South Central LA. \u003ccite>(Nigel Duara/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tensions are high after the late May death of Malcolm Harsch, 38, who was found hanging from a tree near a Victorville library. \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20200614/protests-planned-in-victorville-after-hanging-death-of-malcolm-harsch\">Protests\u003c/a> broke out, and the state opened an investigation into \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2020/06/california-probe-hanging-black-men-attorney-general-becerra-policing/\">the case\u003c/a> and another hanging death of a 24-year-old Black man in Palmdale. Harsch’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-19/malcolm-harsch-committed-suicide-family\">family later said\u003c/a> he died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorville’s Black population has quadrupled since 1990, but it’s emblematic of many fast-growing exurbs where local institutions don’t keep up with a changing population. Most of the big Black-led social service providers and political advocacy groups are still back in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"LaShai Daniels\"]'You don’t know where you can go and be safe. It’s just sad now that we’ve come so far to still be in the same place.'[/pullquote]\u003cbr>\nIn L.A. Council District 8, which encompasses Crenshaw, Leimert Park and Baldwin Hills, a 2018 survey aimed to decipher a 42% drop in the area’s Black population in recent years. UCLA Lecturer Kenya Covington led the survey of more than 250 people and found that 30% didn’t expect to be living there in another five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably not going to see that trend slow,” Covington said. “It’s probably going to intensify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">If history holds true, many transplants will follow a path a lot like the one Kinaya Anderson took from Carson to the high desert outside Victorville, where she works for a nonprofit. She left in 2000 to get away from gang violence and made a stop in Sacramento to work for the state, which she alleged in a lawsuit was marred by racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Anderson knows now that “no place is perfect,” one relic from South Central — since rebranded as South L.A. — helps reassure her decision. It’s a photo of her son at age 13 with three other boys. Within four years, one was killed by gang violence, the other two incarcerated for retaliating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the two men still calls her from jail, a haunting question usually on his mind: Would things have been different if he left, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nigel Duara and Matt Levin contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Around 275,000 Black Californians have left high-cost coastal cities in the last three decades, sometimes bound for other states or cities, but more often to seek their slice of the American dream in the state’s sprawling suburban backyard.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1595000742,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2641},"headData":{"title":"The Hidden Toll of California’s Black Exodus | KQED","description":"Around 275,000 Black Californians have left high-cost coastal cities in the last three decades, sometimes bound for other states or cities, but more often to seek their slice of the American dream in the state’s sprawling suburban backyard.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Hidden Toll of California’s Black Exodus","datePublished":"2020-07-17T13:00:55.000Z","dateModified":"2020-07-17T15:45:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11829316 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11829316","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/07/17/the-hidden-toll-of-californias-black-exodus/","disqusTitle":"The Hidden Toll of California’s Black Exodus","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/laurenhepler/\">Lauren Hepler\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11829316/the-hidden-toll-of-californias-black-exodus","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a quiet corner of Elk Grove, where the maze of subdivisions and shopping centers gives way to open fields, Sharie Wilson has spent the last three years building her dream home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s nothing like the neighborhood where she grew up in South Central Los Angeles. But in this Sacramento suburb, her family owns a modern farmhouse set on 2.5 acres, with a stately U-shaped driveway and a Pan-African flag over the front door. In the backyard, there’s a basketball court inlaid with the logo of her hair care company, DreamGirls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wilson has to justify her family’s success. Neighbors have asked her husband, who works at the local water district and runs his own apparel company, what sport he plays. Or how the couple really paid for their house. “Hopefully once people keep seeing it, they stop seeing the color and start seeing us as humans,” said Wilson, a 41-year-old mother of six boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Part of what we’re seeing is the kind of anti-Black racism that has followed Black folks wherever they go. You still face the same kind of structural barriers.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Willow Lung-Amam, University of Maryland","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson is one of around 275,000 Black Californians who have left high-cost coastal cities in the last three decades, sometimes bound for other states or cities, but more often to seek their slice of the American dream in the state’s sprawling suburban backyard. Many transplants pack up for the promise of homeownership, safety and better schools. Housing-rich Elk Grove has gained nearly 18,000 Black residents since 1990 — a 5,100% jump mirrored by increases around the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta, Southern California’s Inland Empire and the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Black renters have been disproportionately forced out of cities as costs and evictions climbed; the Black population has plunged 45% in Compton, 43% in San Francisco and 40% in Oakland. While a version of this geographic scramble is playing out for working and middle-class people of all races, the distinct obstacles that Black residents encounter in new communities raise the question: How far do you have to go today to find opportunity — and are some things ever really possible to leave behind?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of what we’re seeing is the kind of anti-Black racism that has followed Black folks wherever they go,” said Willow Lung-Amam, an associate professor of urban planning at the University of Maryland. “You still face the same kind of structural barriers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In adopted hometowns, Black Californians face newer, subtler forms of segregation. Old regimes of legal housing and job discrimination have given way to predatory loans, shifting patterns of disinvestment and flare ups of racism or violence in areas that once promised a level playing field, reports from \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/sites/default/files/images/bay_area_re-segregation_rising_housing_costs_report_2019.pdf\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/the-resegregation-of-suburban-schools-a-hidden-crisis-in-american-education\">UCLA\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://urbanhabitat.org/sites/default/files/%20UH%20Discussion%20Paper%20Nov%202017.pdf\">social services groups\u003c/a> have found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, as Black Lives Matter protests collide with anxiety about COVID-19’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/05/why-is-coronavirus-deadly-for-blacks-los-angeles/\">disproportionate Black death toll\u003c/a> and anxiety about a coming \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2020/05/cailfornia-rent-forgiveness-tenants-landlords/\">wave of evictions\u003c/a>, at issue is whether these overlapping crises will accelerate California’s Black exodus or force a reckoning both inside and outside major cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Moving Out\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829320\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829320\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1183\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_08.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_08-160x246.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sharie Wilson stands below the Pan-African flag outside of her Elk Grove home on June 22, 2020. Wilson says that she raised the flag to celebrate Juneteenth as a way to help educate her neighbors about the holiday. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wilson had never been to Elk Grove before she moved there in 2002 to start a family. She’d never been called the n-word before she moved there, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2017, after years of working a day job in sales and doing hair late into the night, her own salon in Old Town Elk Grove was thriving. She went back to L.A. often to dream up business ideas with her sister and make sure her kids weren’t too far “out of the loop” on Black culture. But one day, a stylist at Wilson’s salon found a note jammed in the door. It was riddled with racial slurs and said to “get out soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It didn’t make me want to leave,” Wilson said. “It made me want to force them to understand who I am, what I’m about, and that I add value to this community just like everybody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, just before Wilson left L.A., California had the country’s second-largest Black population at more than 2.2 million people. But under the surface, a seismic shift was happening in where people lived, the opportunities they chased and the social networks they relied on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After white flight, Black flight had accelerated in the 1980s. Outer suburbs like Palmdale, Antioch and Elk Grove saw exponential growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state went from a high of 7.7% Black in 1980 to 5.5% Black in 2018, Census data shows, even as it added 15 million residents who were mostly Latino, Asian or multi-racial. Nearly 75,000 Black Californians left the state in 2018, according to a CalMatters analysis of federal estimates, compared to 48,000 Black people who moved in. The three most popular states for Black ex-Californians were Nevada, Texas and Georgia, reflecting both a \u003ca href=\"https://www.curbed.com/2018/7/31/17632092/black-chicago-neighborhood-great-migration\">national reversal\u003c/a> of last century’s Great Migration and movement to emerging \u003ca href=\"https://hbcudigest.com/the-black-middle-class-is-creating-new-cities-hbcus-should-be-the-anchors-for-the-new-migration/\">middle class hubs\u003c/a> for Black homeownership, education and entrepreneurship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/story/464038/embed\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time Cierra Washington-Griffin left California was in 2010, when she was 23 and fresh off a breakup. Three days on a Greyhound from her hometown of Sacramento to Fort Benning, Georgia, gave her plenty of time to think about starting over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within a month, she had a car, a job at a hotel and a two-bedroom duplex that cost $450 a month — a rapid shift to financial independence that had seemed impossible back home. She also didn’t have to change her voice to “sound white” like when she applied for work in affluent California suburbs. “It was just so much simpler there,” said Washington-Griffin, now 33.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her grandmother was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, and she sees things differently. Barbara Washington followed family from St. Louis to California in the 1970s, at the tail end of the migration that brought hundreds of thousands of Black people to California from the South. Washington settled in Richmond, part of the Bay Area’s jobs-rich former “war corridor,” a center of Black life forged by discriminatory housing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington worked as a nurse, and by the time her children were having children in the ’80s, the Bay Area seemed too fast. They moved to the “cow town” of Sacramento, and she never regretted moving to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062220_HousingMigration_AW_sized_07-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cierra Washington-Griffin, right, and her grandmother, Barbara Washington, near Washington's home in Elk Grove on June 22, 2020. Washington-Griffin regularly goes back and forth between the Sacramento area and North Carolina. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We wanted something different for the kids,” Washington said on a recent 100-degree day at a park in Elk Grove, where she moved after the house she rented in Sacramento was sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See, that’s weird though,” said Washington-Griffin, who moved back in last year with plans to leave again but now is unsure. “I feel like it’s better out there, especially for people of color, in the South.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her grandmother shook her head. “I don’t think so,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing Racial Wealth Gap\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Timing is everything in California’s winner-take-most economy. The longer it takes Black residents to cash in when times are good and the harder they’re hit when things turn bad, the wider the state’s racial wealth gap grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"redlining"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Los Angeles, white households have a median net worth of $355,000, compared to $4,000 for Black households, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.frbsf.org/community-development/files/color-of-wealth-in-los-angeles.pdf\">an analysis\u003c/a> by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Studies in the Bay Area have shown that homes are \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/racial-segregation-san-francisco-bay-area-part-4#white-vs-black-latinx\">twice as valuable\u003c/a> in white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who move in hopes of changing those daunting numbers, the challenge today is finding a “window of opportunity,” said Deirdre Pfeiffer, an associate professor of geography and urban planning at Arizona State University. Her research found that some L.A. transplants to the Inland Empire did find upward mobility in the ’80s and ’90s. But it’s been difficult to maintain because of a slow-down in building and patterns like a racial “\u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25098897?seq=1\">tipping point\u003c/a>” in suburban real estate, where white residents tend to flee as areas diversify. From there, in some cases, property values sink, tax rolls shrivel and public services like schools start to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even for many Black Californians who did manage to buy property, the financial crisis a decade ago was crushing. Cities where Black families bought houses in large numbers became epicenters of the foreclosure crisis. Antioch’s foreclosure rate of 2,446 per 100,000 residents was “hundreds of times higher than most of Silicon Valley” about an hour away, Alex Schafran wrote in his 2018 book “The Road to Resegregation: Northern California and the Failure of Politics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Fair Housing Act outlawed redlining and other legal forms of housing discrimination 50 years ago, author Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor writes that they were replaced by a system of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/keeanga-yamahtta-taylor-race-profit/\">predatory inclusion\u003c/a>,” where Black residents were targeted for bad loans and higher interest rates on properties less likely to sharply appreciate. Homeownership became even more elusive after the last crash, when investors \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2018/04/data-dig-big-investment-firms-have-stopped-gobbling-up-california-homes/\">bought up thousands of houses\u003c/a> and turned them into rentals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LaShai Daniels didn’t know how much to worry about real estate if she wanted to stay close to home. Last fall, the 48-year-old Oakland native lost her job and had to leave her apartment in Vallejo. She lived in her car and sometimes stayed with friends — “a rubber-band state” between housed and unhoused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never knew that you could take your IRA and buy property with it,” said Daniels, who has worked in medical billing and payroll for more than two decades. “If no one educates you, you don’t know these things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829341\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1664px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829341\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1664\" height=\"1114\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06.jpg 1664w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062920_LaShaiDaniels_AW_sized_06-1536x1028.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1664px) 100vw, 1664px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LaShai Daniels in her room at Extended Stay American in Emeryville on June 29, 2020. Daniels has been staying at the hotel since February while working a variety of jobs. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Black people make up less than 6% of California’s total population, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2019/10/black-people-disproportionately-homeless-in-california/\">about 40%\u003c/a> of the state’s homeless residents are Black. Increasing death rates and shorter life expectancies were \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2019-04-23/homeless-dying-in-record-numbers-on-the-streets-of-los-angeles\">growing concerns\u003c/a> even before COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before the virus hit this spring, Daniels decided to do whatever it took to get a hotel. She spent days working a new job in payroll and nights at an extended-stay hotel in Emeryville. It cost $3,200 the first month, but it didn’t require applications and credit checks like an apartment. She’s now an organizer with Black-led activist group \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2020/06/black-californians-housing-crisis-by-the-numbers/\">Moms 4 Housing\u003c/a>, which has helped pay hotel bills during the pandemic. One day, Daniels hopes to open a shelter in the name of her son, who was killed at 17 by a 15-year-old with a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t know where you can go and be safe,” Daniels said. “It’s just sad now that we’ve come so far to still be in the same place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stay or Go?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Derek King knew he had to leave Compton when the gunfire stopped scaring him. It was 1985, and he was 15 hanging out with friends when someone started shooting into a house next door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just took a step away and kept talking about Magic Johnson and the Lakers,” said King, now a 50-year-old father of four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His ticket out came when he joined the military in 1993, just after the cops indicted for beating Rodney King were acquitted. He settled in Apple Valley and now serves as assistant superintendent of a charter school. The desert communities that make up Victor Valley have their issues — it’s been tense lately, and none of the politicians look like him — but King mostly found what he was looking for in a sprawling home with a tennis court, a pool and clear views of the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829322\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11829322\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1176\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/062620_DerekKing_ND_01-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Derek King, 50, moved to Apple Valley from Compton after serving eight years in the U.S. Army. King says the high desert has its own variety of racial issues, but knew he wanted his children to have a different childhood than his experience in South Central LA. \u003ccite>(Nigel Duara/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tensions are high after the late May death of Malcolm Harsch, 38, who was found hanging from a tree near a Victorville library. \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20200614/protests-planned-in-victorville-after-hanging-death-of-malcolm-harsch\">Protests\u003c/a> broke out, and the state opened an investigation into \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2020/06/california-probe-hanging-black-men-attorney-general-becerra-policing/\">the case\u003c/a> and another hanging death of a 24-year-old Black man in Palmdale. Harsch’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-19/malcolm-harsch-committed-suicide-family\">family later said\u003c/a> he died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorville’s Black population has quadrupled since 1990, but it’s emblematic of many fast-growing exurbs where local institutions don’t keep up with a changing population. Most of the big Black-led social service providers and political advocacy groups are still back in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'You don’t know where you can go and be safe. It’s just sad now that we’ve come so far to still be in the same place.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"LaShai Daniels","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn L.A. Council District 8, which encompasses Crenshaw, Leimert Park and Baldwin Hills, a 2018 survey aimed to decipher a 42% drop in the area’s Black population in recent years. UCLA Lecturer Kenya Covington led the survey of more than 250 people and found that 30% didn’t expect to be living there in another five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re probably not going to see that trend slow,” Covington said. “It’s probably going to intensify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">If history holds true, many transplants will follow a path a lot like the one Kinaya Anderson took from Carson to the high desert outside Victorville, where she works for a nonprofit. She left in 2000 to get away from gang violence and made a stop in Sacramento to work for the state, which she alleged in a lawsuit was marred by racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Anderson knows now that “no place is perfect,” one relic from South Central — since rebranded as South L.A. — helps reassure her decision. It’s a photo of her son at age 13 with three other boys. Within four years, one was killed by gang violence, the other two incarcerated for retaliating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the two men still calls her from jail, a haunting question usually on his mind: Would things have been different if he left, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nigel Duara and Matt Levin contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11829316/the-hidden-toll-of-californias-black-exodus","authors":["byline_news_11829316"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_28272","news_22665","news_28273","news_21028"],"featImg":"news_11829323","label":"source_news_11829316"},"news_11825550":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11825550","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11825550","score":null,"sort":[1592701912000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-californians-housing-crisis-by-the-numbers","title":"Black Californians’ Housing Crisis, by the Numbers","publishDate":1592701912,"format":"standard","headTitle":"CALmatters | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California’s housing crisis is nothing new for many Black Californians. Systemic racism in public policy and the private housing market has long made finding a safe, stable and affordable home in the Golden State a more difficult prospect for its roughly 2.2 million Black residents than for white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legacy of New Deal-era \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/redlining\">redlining\u003c/a> — which deemed Black neighborhoods undesirable for federally-backed mortgages — is demonstrably visible not only where Black Californians live now, but where gentrification and displacement pressures across the state are most acute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-affordable-housing-constitution-20190203-story.html\">Article 34\u003c/a>, a still unrepealed clause in the state Constitution that requires local referendums before lower-income housing can be built in a California city, kept subsidized housing disproportionately utilized by Black and brown residents out of affluent, predominantly white communities for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while state leaders champion the strides the state has made toward diversity and equality relative to other parts of the country, evidence of overt racial bias in California’s housing market persists, including in its progressive coastal bastions. A home in a Black-majority part of the Bay Area is worth about \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods/\">$164,000 less\u003c/a> than an equivalent home — same size, same quality of school system, same access to parks and other neighborhood amenities — in a neighborhood with very few Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they say real estate is about location, location, location — it’s actually about race,” said Mary M. Lee, former deputy director for the equity-focused research and advocacy group PolicyLink and veteran advocate for fair housing policies in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t the South, it’s not Cleveland, but historically (Los Angeles) has been segregated,” said Lee. “And California — I like to say people live next to each other, not with each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, the astronomical rise in California’s rent and home prices have added a new dimension to the housing crisis experienced by generations of Black Californians. Here’s what that looks like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Over-represented in homeless counts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California has a relatively small Black population compared to other states. While non-Hispanic Black residents comprise more than 10% of highly-populated places like New York and Texas, they make up only about 5.5% of Californians, a proportion similar to the Black populations of Kansas or Wisconsin.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mary M. Lee, deputy director, PolicyLink\"]'The public sector, public systems are killing Black people everyday in broad daylight when they don’t house them.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of the more than \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/californias-homelessness-crisis-explained/\">150,000 Californians\u003c/a> who experience homelessness on any given night, nearly 30% are Black people. Several Bay Area regions, including San Francisco and Marin County, have some of the highest rates of Black homelessness in the country. No major California ethnic group is as over-represented in the state’s homeless count as Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825555\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1-800x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1-800x628.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nWhile the overrepresentation of Black people among the unhoused is a national trend, homeless Black Californians are more likely to be sleeping outside than unhoused Black residents of other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public sector, public systems are killing Black people everyday in broad daylight when they don’t house them,” said Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A constellation of factors contribute to high rates of Black homelessness in California beyond the high cost of living: higher rates of poverty, lack of employment opportunities and systemic disparities in California’s mental health and criminal justice systems.[aside tag=\"housing, homelessness\" label=\"More housing coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But racial disparities are also prevalent in efforts to keep Black Californians off the streets once they’ve been rehoused. \u003ca href=\"https://www.lahsa.org/news?article=514-groundbreaking-report-on-black-people-and-homelessness-released\">An analysis\u003c/a> of Black homelessness in Los Angeles County found that while Black people were rehoused at the same rates as other ethnic groups, they were more likely to return to homelessness than any other demographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Housing cost burden falls on Black Californians\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is an extremely expensive state. More than 40% of its households fit the federal definition of “housing cost-burdened,” with rent or mortgage payments eating up more than 30% of residents’ income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Black Californians see a larger chunk of their paychecks going to housing costs than any of the state’s other major demographic groups. Nearly 50% of Black Californians lived in households that were cost-burdened in 2018; nearly a quarter paid more than 50% of their income towards housing costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2-800x630.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2-800x630.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2.jpg 987w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Black households pushed to suburbs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When comparing how far apart Black, white and other ethnic groups live from one another, California cities are typically less segregated than their counterparts in the Northeast or Midwest. Most parts of the state have also seen improving rates of residential integration over the past half-century, mirroring a national trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But part of the decline in California racial segregation is driven by gentrification and displacement pressures upon Black communities in urban cores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just more affluent, younger, white Californians moving into recently redeveloped downtowns that are paradoxically driving down segregation rates. Rapid accelerations in housing costs over the past few decades have driven many Black renters out of larger coastal cities and into older, formerly predominantly white suburbs. While the Black populations of parts of major cities like Los Angeles and Oakland have declined, far-flung suburbs like Palmdale in Southern California and \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/past-projects\">Antioch in the Bay Area\u003c/a> have seen rising numbers of Black families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans and to a lesser extent Latinos are moving to suburban areas at the fastest clip we’ve observed since the civil rights era,” said Michael Stoll, professor of public policy at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3-800x365.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3-800x365.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3-160x73.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nWhile more diverse now than they were in the mid-20th century, these suburbs are not the high-opportunity enclaves associated with high-quality school systems and upward economic mobility. And Stoll stresses that continued patterns of segregation, gentrification and displacement have practical impacts for how white, Black and other ethnic groups view one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are consequences to segregation,” said Stoll. “There are questions around social cohesion, and that can’t be any more important than what we’re observing in the current debates we’re having around racial and social justice. It’s hard to become a socially cohesive place if people are living in different neighborhoods and not being able to communicate and work together around common interests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wealth gap starker than income gap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Income gaps aside, disparities in wealth are even starker — and more consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wealth gives a cushion if something unexpected happens. If your car breaks down or something happens to your house, you don’t dip into your income, you dip into your savings” said Esi Hutchful, policy analyst at the California Budget and Policy Center. “It’s your wealth that allows you to invest in yourself, in your business, in the next generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reliable wealth data is unfortunately severely lacking at the state level. But results from one financial survey of households in the Los Angeles metro area illustrates just how dramatic the wealth gap is for Black households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4-800x610.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4-800x610.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4.jpg 1002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nThe key to wealth accumulation for most U.S. households is owning a home. That’s especially true in California, where skyrocketing home values have transformed homes in formerly middle-class neighborhoods into million-dollar nest eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those wealth gains have largely been accrued by non-Black homeowners. While more than 60% of white California households and 58% of Asian California households are homeowners, only 33% of Black households own the home they live in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predatory lenders disproportionately targeted Black would-be homeowners across the country, the late 2000’s foreclosure crisis decimated Black homeownership nationally. While homeownership rates have somewhat rebounded for other demographic groups, Black homeownership has flatlined (although \u003ca href=\"http://zillow.mediaroom.com/2020-02-18-Encouraging-Signs-For-Black-Homeownership-Rate-as-it-Rebounds-From-Historic-Lows\">very recent data\u003c/a> suggest some gains).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost equity in Black homes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also see signs of systemic racism in the home values for Black households that do own homes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homes in majority Black neighborhoods across the country are \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods/\">undervalued\u003c/a> compared to equivalent homes in neighborhoods with few Black residents, controlling for factors like the quality of the local school district and access to neighborhood amenities like parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area has the largest equity gap of any major metro area in the country between comparable homes in comparable Black and non-Black neighborhoods: On average, homes in Black-majority neighborhoods are devalued by about $164,000. In the Los Angeles area, homes in Black-majority neighborhoods are devalued by about $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have appraisals, you have lending practices, you have real estate agent behavior,” said Andre Perry, researcher at the Brookings Institute. “We clearly see that there is discrimination baked in the practices that come out in the research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How the pandemic could exacerbate the housing crisis\u003cbr>\nThe economic fallout from the novel coronavirus pandemic has added a new, pressing dimension to Black Californians’ housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Black households already disproportionately more likely to have high rent burdens, tenants’ rights groups fear a wave of evictions from missed rent payments could be coming as expanded unemployment benefits are scheduled to expire next month. In a Census survey conducted at the beginning of June, less than half of Black California renters who responded to the question expressed high confidence they would be able to make next month’s rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5.jpg 1004w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nLee says the pandemic has laid bare the racial divides the state has long struggled to close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These systems aren’t broken, this is how they were designed to work,” she said. “We’re catching up to the reality and understanding of how horrible that really is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The legacy of New Deal-era redlining — which deemed Black neighborhoods undesirable for federally-backed mortgages — is demonstrably visible not only where Black Californians live now, but where gentrification and displacement pressures across the state are most acute.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1592866301,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1659},"headData":{"title":"Black Californians’ Housing Crisis, by the Numbers | KQED","description":"The legacy of New Deal-era redlining — which deemed Black neighborhoods undesirable for federally-backed mortgages — is demonstrably visible not only where Black Californians live now, but where gentrification and displacement pressures across the state are most acute.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Black Californians’ Housing Crisis, by the Numbers","datePublished":"2020-06-21T01:11:52.000Z","dateModified":"2020-06-22T22:51:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11825550 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11825550","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/06/20/black-californians-housing-crisis-by-the-numbers/","disqusTitle":"Black Californians’ Housing Crisis, by the Numbers","source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"http://www.calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Matt Levin \u003cbr />CalMatters\u003cbr>","path":"/news/11825550/black-californians-housing-crisis-by-the-numbers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s housing crisis is nothing new for many Black Californians. Systemic racism in public policy and the private housing market has long made finding a safe, stable and affordable home in the Golden State a more difficult prospect for its roughly 2.2 million Black residents than for white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legacy of New Deal-era \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/redlining\">redlining\u003c/a> — which deemed Black neighborhoods undesirable for federally-backed mortgages — is demonstrably visible not only where Black Californians live now, but where gentrification and displacement pressures across the state are most acute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-affordable-housing-constitution-20190203-story.html\">Article 34\u003c/a>, a still unrepealed clause in the state Constitution that requires local referendums before lower-income housing can be built in a California city, kept subsidized housing disproportionately utilized by Black and brown residents out of affluent, predominantly white communities for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while state leaders champion the strides the state has made toward diversity and equality relative to other parts of the country, evidence of overt racial bias in California’s housing market persists, including in its progressive coastal bastions. A home in a Black-majority part of the Bay Area is worth about \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods/\">$164,000 less\u003c/a> than an equivalent home — same size, same quality of school system, same access to parks and other neighborhood amenities — in a neighborhood with very few Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they say real estate is about location, location, location — it’s actually about race,” said Mary M. Lee, former deputy director for the equity-focused research and advocacy group PolicyLink and veteran advocate for fair housing policies in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It isn’t the South, it’s not Cleveland, but historically (Los Angeles) has been segregated,” said Lee. “And California — I like to say people live next to each other, not with each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, the astronomical rise in California’s rent and home prices have added a new dimension to the housing crisis experienced by generations of Black Californians. Here’s what that looks like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Over-represented in homeless counts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California has a relatively small Black population compared to other states. While non-Hispanic Black residents comprise more than 10% of highly-populated places like New York and Texas, they make up only about 5.5% of Californians, a proportion similar to the Black populations of Kansas or Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'The public sector, public systems are killing Black people everyday in broad daylight when they don’t house them.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mary M. Lee, deputy director, PolicyLink","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of the more than \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/californias-homelessness-crisis-explained/\">150,000 Californians\u003c/a> who experience homelessness on any given night, nearly 30% are Black people. Several Bay Area regions, including San Francisco and Marin County, have some of the highest rates of Black homelessness in the country. No major California ethnic group is as over-represented in the state’s homeless count as Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825555\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1-800x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1-800x628.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart1.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nWhile the overrepresentation of Black people among the unhoused is a national trend, homeless Black Californians are more likely to be sleeping outside than unhoused Black residents of other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public sector, public systems are killing Black people everyday in broad daylight when they don’t house them,” said Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A constellation of factors contribute to high rates of Black homelessness in California beyond the high cost of living: higher rates of poverty, lack of employment opportunities and systemic disparities in California’s mental health and criminal justice systems.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"housing, homelessness","label":"More housing coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But racial disparities are also prevalent in efforts to keep Black Californians off the streets once they’ve been rehoused. \u003ca href=\"https://www.lahsa.org/news?article=514-groundbreaking-report-on-black-people-and-homelessness-released\">An analysis\u003c/a> of Black homelessness in Los Angeles County found that while Black people were rehoused at the same rates as other ethnic groups, they were more likely to return to homelessness than any other demographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Housing cost burden falls on Black Californians\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is an extremely expensive state. More than 40% of its households fit the federal definition of “housing cost-burdened,” with rent or mortgage payments eating up more than 30% of residents’ income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, Black Californians see a larger chunk of their paychecks going to housing costs than any of the state’s other major demographic groups. Nearly 50% of Black Californians lived in households that were cost-burdened in 2018; nearly a quarter paid more than 50% of their income towards housing costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2-800x630.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2-800x630.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart2.jpg 987w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Black households pushed to suburbs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When comparing how far apart Black, white and other ethnic groups live from one another, California cities are typically less segregated than their counterparts in the Northeast or Midwest. Most parts of the state have also seen improving rates of residential integration over the past half-century, mirroring a national trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But part of the decline in California racial segregation is driven by gentrification and displacement pressures upon Black communities in urban cores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just more affluent, younger, white Californians moving into recently redeveloped downtowns that are paradoxically driving down segregation rates. Rapid accelerations in housing costs over the past few decades have driven many Black renters out of larger coastal cities and into older, formerly predominantly white suburbs. While the Black populations of parts of major cities like Los Angeles and Oakland have declined, far-flung suburbs like Palmdale in Southern California and \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/past-projects\">Antioch in the Bay Area\u003c/a> have seen rising numbers of Black families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans and to a lesser extent Latinos are moving to suburban areas at the fastest clip we’ve observed since the civil rights era,” said Michael Stoll, professor of public policy at the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825557\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3-800x365.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3-800x365.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3-160x73.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart3.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nWhile more diverse now than they were in the mid-20th century, these suburbs are not the high-opportunity enclaves associated with high-quality school systems and upward economic mobility. And Stoll stresses that continued patterns of segregation, gentrification and displacement have practical impacts for how white, Black and other ethnic groups view one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are consequences to segregation,” said Stoll. “There are questions around social cohesion, and that can’t be any more important than what we’re observing in the current debates we’re having around racial and social justice. It’s hard to become a socially cohesive place if people are living in different neighborhoods and not being able to communicate and work together around common interests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wealth gap starker than income gap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Income gaps aside, disparities in wealth are even starker — and more consequential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wealth gives a cushion if something unexpected happens. If your car breaks down or something happens to your house, you don’t dip into your income, you dip into your savings” said Esi Hutchful, policy analyst at the California Budget and Policy Center. “It’s your wealth that allows you to invest in yourself, in your business, in the next generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reliable wealth data is unfortunately severely lacking at the state level. But results from one financial survey of households in the Los Angeles metro area illustrates just how dramatic the wealth gap is for Black households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4-800x610.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4-800x610.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart4.jpg 1002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nThe key to wealth accumulation for most U.S. households is owning a home. That’s especially true in California, where skyrocketing home values have transformed homes in formerly middle-class neighborhoods into million-dollar nest eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those wealth gains have largely been accrued by non-Black homeowners. While more than 60% of white California households and 58% of Asian California households are homeowners, only 33% of Black households own the home they live in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predatory lenders disproportionately targeted Black would-be homeowners across the country, the late 2000’s foreclosure crisis decimated Black homeownership nationally. While homeownership rates have somewhat rebounded for other demographic groups, Black homeownership has flatlined (although \u003ca href=\"http://zillow.mediaroom.com/2020-02-18-Encouraging-Signs-For-Black-Homeownership-Rate-as-it-Rebounds-From-Historic-Lows\">very recent data\u003c/a> suggest some gains).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost equity in Black homes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also see signs of systemic racism in the home values for Black households that do own homes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homes in majority Black neighborhoods across the country are \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/devaluation-of-assets-in-black-neighborhoods/\">undervalued\u003c/a> compared to equivalent homes in neighborhoods with few Black residents, controlling for factors like the quality of the local school district and access to neighborhood amenities like parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area has the largest equity gap of any major metro area in the country between comparable homes in comparable Black and non-Black neighborhoods: On average, homes in Black-majority neighborhoods are devalued by about $164,000. In the Los Angeles area, homes in Black-majority neighborhoods are devalued by about $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have appraisals, you have lending practices, you have real estate agent behavior,” said Andre Perry, researcher at the Brookings Institute. “We clearly see that there is discrimination baked in the practices that come out in the research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How the pandemic could exacerbate the housing crisis\u003cbr>\nThe economic fallout from the novel coronavirus pandemic has added a new, pressing dimension to Black Californians’ housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Black households already disproportionately more likely to have high rent burdens, tenants’ rights groups fear a wave of evictions from missed rent payments could be coming as expanded unemployment benefits are scheduled to expire next month. In a Census survey conducted at the beginning of June, less than half of Black California renters who responded to the question expressed high confidence they would be able to make next month’s rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825559\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CalMattersChart5.jpg 1004w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cbr>\nLee says the pandemic has laid bare the racial divides the state has long struggled to close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These systems aren’t broken, this is how they were designed to work,” she said. “We’re catching up to the reality and understanding of how horrible that really is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11825550/black-californians-housing-crisis-by-the-numbers","authors":["byline_news_11825550"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_28140","news_19971","news_22772","news_4020","news_1775","news_4611","news_21028"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11788525","label":"source_news_11825550"},"news_11749728":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11749728","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11749728","score":null,"sort":[1558726144000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"impact-of-racist-housing-policies-still-being-felt","title":"Impact of Racist Housing Policies Still Being Felt","publishDate":1558726144,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Old racist redlining policies \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreredlining\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may still be impacting the health\u003c/a> of people in many Bay Area communities, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, by researchers from UC Berkeley and UCSF, found a very close correlation between Home Owners' Loan Corp. redlining maps and current air and health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This looks to me like yet another example of our nation's racist past sticking around far too long in the present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Old racist redlining policies may still be impacting the health of people in many Bay Area communities, according to a new study. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1559163554,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":73},"headData":{"title":"Impact of Racist Housing Policies Still Being Felt | KQED","description":"Old racist redlining policies may still be impacting the health of people in many Bay Area communities, according to a new study. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Impact of Racist Housing Policies Still Being Felt","datePublished":"2019-05-24T19:29:04.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-29T20:59:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11749728 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11749728","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/05/24/impact-of-racist-housing-policies-still-being-felt/","disqusTitle":"Impact of Racist Housing Policies Still Being Felt","path":"/news/11749728/impact-of-racist-housing-policies-still-being-felt","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Old racist redlining policies \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreredlining\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may still be impacting the health\u003c/a> of people in many Bay Area communities, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, by researchers from UC Berkeley and UCSF, found a very close correlation between Home Owners' Loan Corp. redlining maps and current air and health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This looks to me like yet another example of our nation's racist past sticking around far too long in the present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11749728/impact-of-racist-housing-policies-still-being-felt","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_1758","news_19906","news_457","news_6266","news_6188","news_13"],"tags":["news_25773","news_25329","news_20949","news_19216","news_21028"],"featImg":"news_11750922","label":"news_18515"},"news_11749299":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11749299","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11749299","score":null,"sort":[1558648138000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds","title":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds","publishDate":1558648138,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A Great Depression federal home-loan policy that ranked the desirability of neighborhoods based on their racial makeup may still be affecting the health of the residents who live there today, \u003ca href=\"https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/uoc--hrc052019.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related stories\" tag=\"asthma\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley and UCSF examined health statistics in eight California cities that were heavily impacted by redlining — a tactic used by government officials to justify discriminatory mortgage-lending policies in predominantly minority neighborhoods. The study found that current residents of those neighborhoods are more than twice as likely as their peers to visit emergency rooms for asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it suggests is that real estate policy that was enacted over 80 years ago, enforced in part on the basis of race, both shaped our neighborhoods and may still be impacting respiratory health outcomes today,\" said Anthony Nardone, a medical student in the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, who led the analysis. \"It's the first study, to our knowledge, that actually assesses the relationship between historic residential redlining and current health outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nardone used \u003ca href=\"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=3/38.07/-97.29&opacity=0.8&text=about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historic redlining maps\u003c/a> to identify census tracts in San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Los Angeles and San Diego that government officials had once identified as \"high risk\" (red) and \"low risk\" (green) neighborhoods in terms of loan security. He then compared current air quality and health outcome data from each of those tracts, using the \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalEnviroScreen 3.0\u003c/a> database, and found that current residents in the redlined communities — those considered \"high risk\" — visited the emergency room for asthma-related complaints 2.4 times more often than those in nearby \"low risk\" neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11749449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-160x80.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-800x400.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-1020x510.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map on the right shows census tracts in the cities of San Francisco and Oakland categorized according to their Home Owners' Loan Corp. rating, with green indicating 'best,' blue indicating 'still desirable,' yellow indicating 'definitely declining,' and red indicating 'hazardous.' The map on the right shows the rate of asthma-related emergency room visits per 10,000 residents for those same census tracts. \u003ccite>(Anthony Nardone/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That asthma-health disparity is driven in part by excessive exposure to ambient air pollution, said Nardone, noting that historically redlined neighborhoods often have significantly higher levels of diesel particulate matter in the air. But that's not the only factor at play, he added, citing generational poverty and elevated levels of \"psychosocial stress\" caused by everything from living in environments with higher crime rates to a lack of access to decent, affordable health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redlining started as official government policy during the Great Depression. The Home Owners' Loan Corp. (HOLC), established by Congress in 1933 as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, was intended to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis sweeping the country. The government-sponsored agency refinanced more than a million homes, issuing low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation and spurring a dramatic increase in home ownership in the following decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify neighborhoods deemed safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up \"residential safety maps\" in some 240 cities across the country. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences, including \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These designations were for decades used to deny home loans and other forms of investment to these communities, stunting generational wealth and furthering racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Though these discriminatory lending practices are now illegal, and gentrification has affected the demographics of some redlined neighborhoods, they remain largely low income and have a higher proportion of black and Hispanic populations than non-redlined communities,\" Nardone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-11749441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273-160x109.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our study shows that, even though a policy gets eliminated or is recognized to be a poor choice, its effect can have impacts even many decades later,\" said Neeta Thakur, an assistant professor of medicine at UCSF and Nardone's adviser. \"We need to use that information to help us inform our current policies and thinking about what potential ramifications are down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue, however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> in which businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and recreated interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a> (click on individual tracts to read original assessments for each neighborhood).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11749460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1200x886.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11749459 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ-160x144.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11749457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1452\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1200x851.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1920x1361.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1KNpLBhcXW5E12d3eAEB6xbKGLUc\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Racist housing policies crafted 80 years ago are likely still influencing health outcomes today.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1558659065,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":830},"headData":{"title":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds | KQED","description":"Racist housing policies crafted 80 years ago are likely still influencing health outcomes today.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds","datePublished":"2019-05-23T21:48:58.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-24T00:51:05.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11749299 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11749299","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/05/23/asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Asthma Rates Higher in California's Historically Redlined Communities, New Study Finds","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/05/RedliningKlivansTCRRAM.mp3","audioTrackLength":100,"path":"/news/11749299/asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Great Depression federal home-loan policy that ranked the desirability of neighborhoods based on their racial makeup may still be affecting the health of the residents who live there today, \u003ca href=\"https://eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/uoc--hrc052019.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related stories ","tag":"asthma"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at UC Berkeley and UCSF examined health statistics in eight California cities that were heavily impacted by redlining — a tactic used by government officials to justify discriminatory mortgage-lending policies in predominantly minority neighborhoods. The study found that current residents of those neighborhoods are more than twice as likely as their peers to visit emergency rooms for asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it suggests is that real estate policy that was enacted over 80 years ago, enforced in part on the basis of race, both shaped our neighborhoods and may still be impacting respiratory health outcomes today,\" said Anthony Nardone, a medical student in the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, who led the analysis. \"It's the first study, to our knowledge, that actually assesses the relationship between historic residential redlining and current health outcomes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nardone used \u003ca href=\"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=3/38.07/-97.29&opacity=0.8&text=about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">historic redlining maps\u003c/a> to identify census tracts in San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Los Angeles and San Diego that government officials had once identified as \"high risk\" (red) and \"low risk\" (green) neighborhoods in terms of loan security. He then compared current air quality and health outcome data from each of those tracts, using the \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalEnviroScreen 3.0\u003c/a> database, and found that current residents in the redlined communities — those considered \"high risk\" — visited the emergency room for asthma-related complaints 2.4 times more often than those in nearby \"low risk\" neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11749449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-160x80.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-800x400.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CensusTractGradesAndAsthma-1020x510.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map on the right shows census tracts in the cities of San Francisco and Oakland categorized according to their Home Owners' Loan Corp. rating, with green indicating 'best,' blue indicating 'still desirable,' yellow indicating 'definitely declining,' and red indicating 'hazardous.' The map on the right shows the rate of asthma-related emergency room visits per 10,000 residents for those same census tracts. \u003ccite>(Anthony Nardone/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That asthma-health disparity is driven in part by excessive exposure to ambient air pollution, said Nardone, noting that historically redlined neighborhoods often have significantly higher levels of diesel particulate matter in the air. But that's not the only factor at play, he added, citing generational poverty and elevated levels of \"psychosocial stress\" caused by everything from living in environments with higher crime rates to a lack of access to decent, affordable health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redlining started as official government policy during the Great Depression. The Home Owners' Loan Corp. (HOLC), established by Congress in 1933 as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, was intended to help stem the urban foreclosure crisis sweeping the country. The government-sponsored agency refinanced more than a million homes, issuing low-interest, long-term loans to scores of new homeowners across the nation and spurring a dramatic increase in home ownership in the following decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only for some.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To identify neighborhoods deemed safe investments, HOLC gathered reams of local data to draw up \"residential safety maps\" in some 240 cities across the country. Neighborhoods were classified into one of four categories based on \"favorable\" and \"detrimental\" influences, including \"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These designations were for decades used to deny home loans and other forms of investment to these communities, stunting generational wealth and furthering racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Though these discriminatory lending practices are now illegal, and gentrification has affected the demographics of some redlined neighborhoods, they remain largely low income and have a higher proportion of black and Hispanic populations than non-redlined communities,\" Nardone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-11749441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/palette-400x273-160x109.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private banks quickly adopted the government's identification system, commonly denying home loans to residents in neighborhoods considered risky. The color coding of maps became a verb: to redline a community was to mark it as undesirable and not worthy of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although officially prohibited by the \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/progdesc/title8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> of 1968, the practice of neighborhood delineation based on race and class had a lasting impact, depriving certain neighborhoods of essential resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our study shows that, even though a policy gets eliminated or is recognized to be a poor choice, its effect can have impacts even many decades later,\" said Neeta Thakur, an assistant professor of medicine at UCSF and Nardone's adviser. \"We need to use that information to help us inform our current policies and thinking about what potential ramifications are down the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More subtle forms of redlining continue, however, as evidenced by recent discriminatory loan practice \u003ca href=\"http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2015/HUDNo_15-064b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settlements\u003c/a> and issues of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"retail redlining,\"\u003c/a> in which businesses avoid setting up shop in neighborhoods deemed undesirable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the original HOLC maps and recreated interactive versions, which use data collected by the \u003ca href=\"http://salt.umd.edu/T-RACES/demo/demo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Maryland's T-Races project\u003c/a> (click on individual tracts to read original assessments for each neighborhood).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11749460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1417\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-1-1200x886.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knkdNhx04PDQ\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18880\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/07/SF.jpg\" alt=\"SF\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kt6v-_88BBJo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-11749459 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ.png 624w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/SJ-160x144.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kiGRF4iVhw8g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11749457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1452\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-160x113.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1200x851.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/LosAngelesHOLC-lg-1920x1361.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1KNpLBhcXW5E12d3eAEB6xbKGLUc\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.knWPOJ6VvdDo\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kdTG-ML2eOFU\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=zUghhWyBYBW4.kwu99aJGMq3g\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11749299/asthma-rates-higher-in-californias-historically-redlined-communities-new-study-finds","authors":["8648","1263"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_457","news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_18145","news_19542","news_25773","news_25774","news_21028","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11749460","label":"news_72"},"news_11649093":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11649093","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11649093","score":null,"sort":[1518306779000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"one-of-the-most-impactful-laws-youve-never-heard-of","title":"One of the Most Impactful Laws You've Never Heard Of","publishDate":1518306779,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Q’ed Up | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Winter Olympics are underway, the government shutdown (again) and we still can't stop talking about memos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what else is going on? I'm glad you asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/09/has-oaklands-fruitvale-neighborhood-recovered-from-redlining/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">We're still trying to fight racist redlining\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-800x590.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"590\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648715\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-1180x871.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-960x709.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-375x277.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-520x384.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1937 Oakland and Berkeley \"residential security map\" created by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Maryland's T-RACES project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I'll be honest. Redlining was always one of those things I had heard about but never knew what it was. I didn't learn about it in school, and I never took the initiative to investigate it on my own. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has now been rectified thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/09/has-oaklands-fruitvale-neighborhood-recovered-from-redlining/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">this story\u003c/a> from KQED's Brian Watt and Erika Kelly. It not only taught me that redlining happened when the government denied access to loans and mortgages in neighborhoods with high minority populations; it also educated me on the 40-year-old Community Reinvestment Act, which was put in place to push back against racist redlining and encourage banks to invest in marginalized and low-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland's formerly redlined Fruitvale neighborhood, the CRA has helped build a transit village, fund Head Start programs and establish affordable housing. But advocates worry the CRA could be weakened by the deregulation-happy Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/07/how-to-spot-a-fake-twitter-follower-and-assess-the-value-of-a-real-one/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Why are we so obsessed with how many Twitter followers we have?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648362\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS5970_162211003-e1518021460295.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS5970_162211003-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648362\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How much should we value a follower on Twitter? \u003ccite>(Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My friends in college used to make fun of me because I followed so many people on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ryan_levi\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter\u003c/a>. They said my \"ratio\" was terrible, meaning I followed a lot more people than followed me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least I can be proud that of my measly 660 Twitter followers, all but 15 are real people and not bots, according to the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.twitteraudit.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter Audit\u003c/a>. I knew having a lot of followers was a status symbol, but I had no idea that people would \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/07/how-to-spot-a-fake-twitter-follower-and-assess-the-value-of-a-real-one/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pay money for more followers\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think Georgia Tech media studies professor hits the nail on the head when he tells KQED's Sam Harnett: \"People assume when they have a follower on Twitter, that it’s not just a real human being, but that it is someone who is looking at them and listening to them and responding to them, and they can sell products or services to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I follow 1,509 \"people\" on Twitter. I listen to very few, I respond to even fewer, and I'm not buying from any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/05/moms-sue-youth-football-league-after-kids-diagnosed-with-cte/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Is youth football safe?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The mothers of Paul Bright Jr. (L) and Tyler Cornell (R) believe their sons' CTE comes from years playing Pop Warner football.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648105\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mothers of Paul Bright Jr. (L) and Tyler Cornell (R) believe their sons' CTE comes from years playing Pop Warner football. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Bright and Cornell families)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I started playing football in fourth grade and played all the way through high school. I was an offensive lineman who spent a lot of time banging my head against my opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when I read stories \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/05/moms-sue-youth-football-league-after-kids-diagnosed-with-cte/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">like this\u003c/a> about guys my age committing suicide and being diagnosed with the degenerative brain disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, that has been linked to concussions in football, I get nervous. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I loved playing football, and I still enjoy watching it, but the evidence of its terrifying risks are starting to add up for me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/how-families-in-san-joaquin-county-pay-for-coroner-mistakes/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">There's something really wrong happening in the San Joaquin coroner's office\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633434\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633434\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Joaquin County Sheriff-Coroner's Office \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine having a loved one die and then having the coroner's office send you someone else's remains. It's something that has happened more than once in San Joaquin County where Sheriff-Coroner Steve Moore is under fire for mismanagement and interference into death investigations, as reported by KQED's Julie Small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/how-families-in-san-joaquin-county-pay-for-coroner-mistakes/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">most recent piece\u003c/a> on the issues in San Joaquin County explores cases of bodies sent to the wrong families and families paying unnecessary morgue charges while other deaths are overlooked. The whole piece is incredible and worthy of your time, but this one sentence produced an audible gasp from me:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>At one local mortuary in San Joaquin County, staff said that the coroner’s office has released the wrong body to them often enough that they now ask family members to view and identify each body before cremation or burial.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/02/10/the-dead-will-talk-to-you-now-or-at-least-listen-in-santa-cruz/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Who would you call if you could call the dead?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11649230\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/ww2.kqed_.orgRS29345_pARTake-55-1-2-qu-3b8a2b56795d3e6d5432613e41d2e5b375356330.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/ww2.kqed_.orgRS29345_pARTake-55-1-2-qu-3b8a2b56795d3e6d5432613e41d2e5b375356330-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor to Morgan Brown's "phone booth" has a private, one-way conversation with somebody gone from her life.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11649230\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A visitor to Morgan Brown's \"phone booth\" has a private, one-way conversation with somebody gone from her life.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My paternal grandfather died before I was born, but I've been talking to him for years. I tell him about my day. I vent to him when I'm upset. I use him as a sounding board to work through my problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I loved \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/02/10/the-dead-will-talk-to-you-now-or-at-least-listen-in-santa-cruz/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">this story\u003c/a> about a touring pop-up phone booth currently in Santa Cruz (and coming to San Francisco) where you are encouraged to talk with someone who has died. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I love what the organizer, Morgan Brown, says about how people have interpreted the opportunity: “I’ve had people talk to childhood pets. I’ve had people talk to people who are alive but they’re estranged from. I’ve had people talk to their former selves. You can interpret died or death in any way that you need to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/san-francisco-was-once-aglow-with-neon/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Before you go...\u003c/a>\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>Did you know San Francisco’s neon signage was once up there with New York, Los Angeles and Las Vegas? The city used to be lousy with neon. \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> explores San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/san-francisco-was-once-aglow-with-neon/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bright history with neon\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUonRTHi9iY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Stay caught up with the best of KQED's reporting each week by subscribing to the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/qed-up/id1197721799?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Q'ed Up podcast\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"How racist policies continue to affect our communities, the potential dangers of youth football, talking to the dead and more news stories you might've missed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1518308850,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":961},"headData":{"title":"One of the Most Impactful Laws You've Never Heard Of | KQED","description":"How racist policies continue to affect our communities, the potential dangers of youth football, talking to the dead and more news stories you might've missed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"One of the Most Impactful Laws You've Never Heard Of","datePublished":"2018-02-10T23:52:59.000Z","dateModified":"2018-02-11T00:27:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11649093 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11649093","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/10/one-of-the-most-impactful-laws-youve-never-heard-of/","disqusTitle":"One of the Most Impactful Laws You've Never Heard Of","source":"Q'ed Up","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/qedup/","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/qed-up/2018/02/QEDUP180210FINAL.mp3","path":"/news/11649093/one-of-the-most-impactful-laws-youve-never-heard-of","audioDuration":575000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Winter Olympics are underway, the government shutdown (again) and we still can't stop talking about memos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what else is going on? I'm glad you asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/09/has-oaklands-fruitvale-neighborhood-recovered-from-redlining/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">We're still trying to fight racist redlining\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-800x590.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"590\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648715\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-1180x871.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-960x709.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-375x277.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29300_OaklandBerkeleyHOLCmap-MED-qut-520x384.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1937 Oakland and Berkeley \"residential security map\" created by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Maryland's T-RACES project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I'll be honest. Redlining was always one of those things I had heard about but never knew what it was. I didn't learn about it in school, and I never took the initiative to investigate it on my own. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has now been rectified thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/09/has-oaklands-fruitvale-neighborhood-recovered-from-redlining/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">this story\u003c/a> from KQED's Brian Watt and Erika Kelly. It not only taught me that redlining happened when the government denied access to loans and mortgages in neighborhoods with high minority populations; it also educated me on the 40-year-old Community Reinvestment Act, which was put in place to push back against racist redlining and encourage banks to invest in marginalized and low-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland's formerly redlined Fruitvale neighborhood, the CRA has helped build a transit village, fund Head Start programs and establish affordable housing. But advocates worry the CRA could be weakened by the deregulation-happy Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/07/how-to-spot-a-fake-twitter-follower-and-assess-the-value-of-a-real-one/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Why are we so obsessed with how many Twitter followers we have?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648362\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS5970_162211003-e1518021460295.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS5970_162211003-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648362\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How much should we value a follower on Twitter? \u003ccite>(Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My friends in college used to make fun of me because I followed so many people on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ryan_levi\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter\u003c/a>. They said my \"ratio\" was terrible, meaning I followed a lot more people than followed me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least I can be proud that of my measly 660 Twitter followers, all but 15 are real people and not bots, according to the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.twitteraudit.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter Audit\u003c/a>. I knew having a lot of followers was a status symbol, but I had no idea that people would \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/07/how-to-spot-a-fake-twitter-follower-and-assess-the-value-of-a-real-one/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pay money for more followers\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think Georgia Tech media studies professor hits the nail on the head when he tells KQED's Sam Harnett: \"People assume when they have a follower on Twitter, that it’s not just a real human being, but that it is someone who is looking at them and listening to them and responding to them, and they can sell products or services to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I follow 1,509 \"people\" on Twitter. I listen to very few, I respond to even fewer, and I'm not buying from any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/05/moms-sue-youth-football-league-after-kids-diagnosed-with-cte/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Is youth football safe?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648105\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The mothers of Paul Bright Jr. (L) and Tyler Cornell (R) believe their sons' CTE comes from years playing Pop Warner football.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11648105\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/CTEPopWarnerMain-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mothers of Paul Bright Jr. (L) and Tyler Cornell (R) believe their sons' CTE comes from years playing Pop Warner football. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Bright and Cornell families)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I started playing football in fourth grade and played all the way through high school. I was an offensive lineman who spent a lot of time banging my head against my opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when I read stories \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/05/moms-sue-youth-football-league-after-kids-diagnosed-with-cte/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">like this\u003c/a> about guys my age committing suicide and being diagnosed with the degenerative brain disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, that has been linked to concussions in football, I get nervous. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I loved playing football, and I still enjoy watching it, but the evidence of its terrifying risks are starting to add up for me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/how-families-in-san-joaquin-county-pay-for-coroner-mistakes/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">There's something really wrong happening in the San Joaquin coroner's office\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633434\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633434\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28170_IMG_6103-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Joaquin County Sheriff-Coroner's Office \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine having a loved one die and then having the coroner's office send you someone else's remains. It's something that has happened more than once in San Joaquin County where Sheriff-Coroner Steve Moore is under fire for mismanagement and interference into death investigations, as reported by KQED's Julie Small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/how-families-in-san-joaquin-county-pay-for-coroner-mistakes/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">most recent piece\u003c/a> on the issues in San Joaquin County explores cases of bodies sent to the wrong families and families paying unnecessary morgue charges while other deaths are overlooked. The whole piece is incredible and worthy of your time, but this one sentence produced an audible gasp from me:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>At one local mortuary in San Joaquin County, staff said that the coroner’s office has released the wrong body to them often enough that they now ask family members to view and identify each body before cremation or burial.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/02/10/the-dead-will-talk-to-you-now-or-at-least-listen-in-santa-cruz/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Who would you call if you could call the dead?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11649230\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/ww2.kqed_.orgRS29345_pARTake-55-1-2-qu-3b8a2b56795d3e6d5432613e41d2e5b375356330.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/ww2.kqed_.orgRS29345_pARTake-55-1-2-qu-3b8a2b56795d3e6d5432613e41d2e5b375356330-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A visitor to Morgan Brown's "phone booth" has a private, one-way conversation with somebody gone from her life.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11649230\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A visitor to Morgan Brown's \"phone booth\" has a private, one-way conversation with somebody gone from her life.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My paternal grandfather died before I was born, but I've been talking to him for years. I tell him about my day. I vent to him when I'm upset. I use him as a sounding board to work through my problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I loved \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2018/02/10/the-dead-will-talk-to-you-now-or-at-least-listen-in-santa-cruz/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">this story\u003c/a> about a touring pop-up phone booth currently in Santa Cruz (and coming to San Francisco) where you are encouraged to talk with someone who has died. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I love what the organizer, Morgan Brown, says about how people have interpreted the opportunity: “I’ve had people talk to childhood pets. I’ve had people talk to people who are alive but they’re estranged from. I’ve had people talk to their former selves. You can interpret died or death in any way that you need to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/san-francisco-was-once-aglow-with-neon/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Before you go...\u003c/a>\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>Did you know San Francisco’s neon signage was once up there with New York, Los Angeles and Las Vegas? The city used to be lousy with neon. \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> explores San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/san-francisco-was-once-aglow-with-neon/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bright history with neon\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xUonRTHi9iY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xUonRTHi9iY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Stay caught up with the best of KQED's reporting each week by subscribing to the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/qed-up/id1197721799?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Q'ed Up podcast\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11649093/one-of-the-most-impactful-laws-youve-never-heard-of","authors":["11260"],"programs":["news_20407"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_19542","news_20564","news_21028","news_22121"],"featImg":"news_11649271","label":"source_news_11649093"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. 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