Trump Administration Proposes 'Largest Number of Lease Sales Ever'
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undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11890960":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11890960","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11890960","score":null,"sort":[1633390165000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-we-at-least-keep-it-in-the-pipeline","title":"Can We at Least Keep It in the Pipeline?","publishDate":1633390165,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11890968\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: two aging offshore oil drilling rigs, one with a sign that reads, \"built circa 1980\" as an oil slick spreads across the water. Caption reads, \"fossil fuel fossils.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1354\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-800x564.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-1020x719.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-160x113.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-1536x1083.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreoilrigsspill\">oil spill in Southern California that's expected to keep beaches closed for months\u003c/a> is connected to a company that owns \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-10-04/orange-county-oil-spill-amplify-energy-past-problems\">offshore oil rigs and a pipeline built more than 40 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has banned new offshore oil drilling, oil rigs connected to the pipeline that leaked are in federal waters over 3 miles offshore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we even factor in the myriad reasons to stop offshore oil exploration, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/126475680/gulf-oil-spill-complete-coverage\">industry's track record\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/688219307/how-californias-worst-oil-spill-turned-beaches-black-and-the-nation-green\">offshore oil production\u003c/a> makes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/01/01/168404684/oil-drilling-rig-runs-aground-in-gulf-of-alaska\">pretty clear case\u003c/a> for putting an end to this dirty and dangerous way of getting fossil fuels out of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The massive oil spill in Southern California expected to keep beaches closed for months is connected to a company that owns offshore oil rigs and a pipeline built more than 40 years ago.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1633453671,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":106},"headData":{"title":"Can We at Least Keep It in the Pipeline? | KQED","description":"The massive oil spill in Southern California expected to keep beaches closed for months is connected to a company that owns offshore oil rigs and a pipeline built more than 40 years ago.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Can We at Least Keep It in the Pipeline?","datePublished":"2021-10-04T23:29:25.000Z","dateModified":"2021-10-05T17:07:51.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11890960 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11890960","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/10/04/can-we-at-least-keep-it-in-the-pipeline/","disqusTitle":"Can We at Least Keep It in the Pipeline?","path":"/news/11890960/can-we-at-least-keep-it-in-the-pipeline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11890968\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: two aging offshore oil drilling rigs, one with a sign that reads, \"built circa 1980\" as an oil slick spreads across the water. Caption reads, \"fossil fuel fossils.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1354\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-800x564.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-1020x719.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-160x113.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fossils_100421_final-1536x1083.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreoilrigsspill\">oil spill in Southern California that's expected to keep beaches closed for months\u003c/a> is connected to a company that owns \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-10-04/orange-county-oil-spill-amplify-energy-past-problems\">offshore oil rigs and a pipeline built more than 40 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has banned new offshore oil drilling, oil rigs connected to the pipeline that leaked are in federal waters over 3 miles offshore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we even factor in the myriad reasons to stop offshore oil exploration, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/126475680/gulf-oil-spill-complete-coverage\">industry's track record\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/688219307/how-californias-worst-oil-spill-turned-beaches-black-and-the-nation-green\">offshore oil production\u003c/a> makes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/01/01/168404684/oil-drilling-rig-runs-aground-in-gulf-of-alaska\">pretty clear case\u003c/a> for putting an end to this dirty and dangerous way of getting fossil fuels out of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11890960/can-we-at-least-keep-it-in-the-pipeline","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_20949","news_22317","news_17781","news_21390","news_18125"],"featImg":"news_11890968","label":"news_18515"},"news_11747964":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11747964","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11747964","score":null,"sort":[1558125084000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"retired-oil-rigs-off-california-coast-could-be-reborn-as-artificial-reefs","title":"Retired Oil Rigs Off California Coast Could Be Reborn As Artificial Reefs","publishDate":1558125084,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Offshore oil and gas drilling has been a contentious issue in California for 50 years, ever since a rig ruptured and spilled \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/trumps-push-for-new-offshore-drilling-is-likely-to-run-aground-in-california-89952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude oil\u003c/a> off the Santa Barbara coast in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related\" tag=\"offshore-drilling\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today it’s spurring a new debate: whether to completely dismantle 27 oil and gas platforms scattered along the Southern California coast as they near the end of their working lives, or convert the underwater sections into permanent artificial reefs for marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that here and elsewhere, many thousands of fish and millions of invertebrates use offshore rigs as marine habitat. Working with state fisheries agencies, energy companies have converted decommissioned oil and gas platforms into man-made reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, Brunei and Malaysia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/coastal-protection-on-the-edge-the-challenge-of-preserving-californias-legacy-76927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prize their spectacular coastline\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060034680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disagreements over the rigs-to-reefs concept\u003c/a>. Some groups assert that abandoned oil rigs could \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/coastal-blog/entry/rigs-to-grief-a-bad-oil-bill-stopped\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">release toxic chemicals into the water\u003c/a> and create underwater hazards. In contrast, supporters say the submerged sections have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/support-the-rigs-to-reefs-program-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">productive reefs that should be left in place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent study, we reviewed the history of rigs-to-reefs conversions, including decades of published scientific research monitoring the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effects of these projects\u003c/a>. Based on this record, we conclude that \"reefing\" the habitat under decommissioned oil and gas platforms is a viable option for California. It also could serve as a model for decommissioning some of the 7,500 other offshore platforms operating around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irE5RQepQ_8?wmode=transparent&start=0]\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caption\">Reefing oil rigs clearly benefits oil companies, but scientists say it’s also good for marine life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unplanned underwater communities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore petroleum platforms are designed to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, but not to be permanent. When they reach the end of their useful lives, typically after about 25 to 50 years of operation, federal and state laws require energy companies to decommission them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This usually means completely removing the platform and submerged supporting structures and returning the seafloor to an unobstructed condition. Only in certain cases does any part of the platform remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rigs weren’t designed with the intent of creating reefs, but their underwater steel-pipe support systems — called “jackets” in the oil business — attract vast numbers of invertebrates that settle on them. In turn, these creatures attract diverse fish species. Together these colonies create reef systems that can resist rusting for several hundred years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off California, a myriad of invertebrates coat each platform jacket. Millions of mussels, sea stars and brightly colored anemones fight for space, creating a quilt of patterns and textures. Both large and small fish are also abundant. In some years, clouds of hundreds of thousands of juvenile rockfishes school in the depths below operating oil platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating new habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans have sought to enhance fisheries with artificial reefs for centuries, using materials ranging from wood, rock, concrete and \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/artificial-reef.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decommissioned ships\u003c/a>. The idea of reefing platform jackets developed after oil and gas companies started building platforms in the Gulf of Mexico in the late 1940s. Those steel-pipe structures provided rock-hard habitat for reef fish on an otherwise smooth seafloor, and became highly popular fishing destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Installing thousands of platforms catalyzed a basin-wide increase in available reef fish species, such as the highly prized red snapper. Reef fish moved into areas where they had previously been scarce, due to a \u003ca href=\"https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/11.-Prof.-Richard-MCLAUGHLIN-_Idle-Iron_-versus-_Rigs-to-Reefs_-Surviving-Conflicting-Policy-Mandates-in-the-Gulf-of-Mexico.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of hard habitat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747982\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 754px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11747982\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A marine biologist surveys fishes living at Platform A in the Santa Barbara Channel. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Desmond Ho/CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, Louisiana legislated the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/fishing/artificial-reef-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first U.S. reefing option\u003c/a> for its offshore waters. This program was designed to take advantage of fishing opportunities provided by obsolete platforms and encourage energy companies to convert decommissioned platforms into reefs. Since then, over 500 submerged jackets in the gulf, from Texas to Alabama, have been adapted into artificial reef programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Platforms generally consist of two distinct parts: the topside, or operational facilities seen above water, and the substructure, or parts below the water. To make a reef, energy companies completely remove the topside and transfer it to shore for recycling or partial reuse. In the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, they may tow the underwater jacket to a new location, topple it onto the seabed or cut off the top portion and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsee.gov/what-we-do/environmental-focuses/rigs-to-reefs#3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place it on the seabed next to the lower portion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law only allows partial removal, or cutting off of the top portion. That way the underwater jacket remains intact and in place, which is the least destructive method for the reef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping or hurting sea life?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Gulf of Mexico, reefed oil platforms have significantly increased the amount of available reef fish. Many have become popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltstrong.com/articles/texas-fishing-reef-gps-coordinates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fishing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/gulf-mexicos-hottest-diving-spots-are-decommissioned-oil-rigs-180971728/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diving\u003c/a> sites. In California, most operating platforms are not fished, so they have functioned for decades as de facto marine protected areas, providing ecological benefits for severely overfished species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, scientists have found greater numbers of adult fish of some species, such as cowcod and bocaccio rockfishes, under platforms than on natural reefs. More adults capable of spawning make it likely that more larvae will be released into the ecosystem from species under platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some platforms have been installed and removed off of Southern California, none have been reefed. Discussion of reefing, supported by many years of scientific studies in California waters, led to enactment of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2016/code-fgc/division-6/part-1/chapter-5.5/article-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2010 Marine Resources Legacy Act\u003c/a>, which authorized the rigs-to-reefs concept. Now Platform Holly in state waters and Platforms Grace, Gail, Hermosa, Hildago and Harvest, in federal waters, are undergoing initial steps for decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is expensive, technically complex and lengthy. Because it requires intricate planning, oil companies are likely to consider decommissioning more platforms while they are already organizing equipment, engineering and infrastructure acquisition for the current set. Although industry will save money if a platform is reefed, the savings must be shared with the state. Reefing thus could generate funds for other marine conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either total or partial decommissioning will have many environmental and socioeconomic impacts, both positive and negative. Californians have not had an opportunity to consider what should happen to decommissioned oil platforms since the mid-1990s. Now citizens have an opportunity to reconsider the issue and decide the fate of an unintended but biologically important resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/ann-scarborough-bull-690117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ann Scarborough Bull\u003c/a>, Visiting Researcher, Marine Science institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/milton-love-690119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Love\u003c/a>, Research Biologist, Marine Science Institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/retired-oil-rigs-off-the-california-coast-could-find-new-lives-as-artificial-reefs-111892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Converting decommissioned oil and gas platforms off the California coast into artificial reefs could serve as a model for decommissioning some of the 7,500 other offshore platforms operating around the world.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1558125084,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1115},"headData":{"title":"Retired Oil Rigs Off California Coast Could Be Reborn As Artificial Reefs | KQED","description":"Converting decommissioned oil and gas platforms off the California coast into artificial reefs could serve as a model for decommissioning some of the 7,500 other offshore platforms operating around the world.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Retired Oil Rigs Off California Coast Could Be Reborn As Artificial Reefs","datePublished":"2019-05-17T20:31:24.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-17T20:31:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11747964 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11747964","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/05/17/retired-oil-rigs-off-california-coast-could-be-reborn-as-artificial-reefs/","disqusTitle":"Retired Oil Rigs Off California Coast Could Be Reborn As Artificial Reefs","source":"The Conversation","sourceUrl":"https://theconversation.com/us","nprByline":"Ann Scarborough Bull and Milton Love","path":"/news/11747964/retired-oil-rigs-off-california-coast-could-be-reborn-as-artificial-reefs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Offshore oil and gas drilling has been a contentious issue in California for 50 years, ever since a rig ruptured and spilled \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/trumps-push-for-new-offshore-drilling-is-likely-to-run-aground-in-california-89952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude oil\u003c/a> off the Santa Barbara coast in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related ","tag":"offshore-drilling"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today it’s spurring a new debate: whether to completely dismantle 27 oil and gas platforms scattered along the Southern California coast as they near the end of their working lives, or convert the underwater sections into permanent artificial reefs for marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that here and elsewhere, many thousands of fish and millions of invertebrates use offshore rigs as marine habitat. Working with state fisheries agencies, energy companies have converted decommissioned oil and gas platforms into man-made reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, Brunei and Malaysia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/coastal-protection-on-the-edge-the-challenge-of-preserving-californias-legacy-76927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prize their spectacular coastline\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060034680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disagreements over the rigs-to-reefs concept\u003c/a>. Some groups assert that abandoned oil rigs could \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/coastal-blog/entry/rigs-to-grief-a-bad-oil-bill-stopped\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">release toxic chemicals into the water\u003c/a> and create underwater hazards. In contrast, supporters say the submerged sections have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/support-the-rigs-to-reefs-program-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">productive reefs that should be left in place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent study, we reviewed the history of rigs-to-reefs conversions, including decades of published scientific research monitoring the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effects of these projects\u003c/a>. Based on this record, we conclude that \"reefing\" the habitat under decommissioned oil and gas platforms is a viable option for California. It also could serve as a model for decommissioning some of the 7,500 other offshore platforms operating around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/irE5RQepQ_8?wmode=transparent'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/irE5RQepQ_8?wmode=transparent'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caption\">Reefing oil rigs clearly benefits oil companies, but scientists say it’s also good for marine life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unplanned underwater communities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore petroleum platforms are designed to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, but not to be permanent. When they reach the end of their useful lives, typically after about 25 to 50 years of operation, federal and state laws require energy companies to decommission them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This usually means completely removing the platform and submerged supporting structures and returning the seafloor to an unobstructed condition. Only in certain cases does any part of the platform remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rigs weren’t designed with the intent of creating reefs, but their underwater steel-pipe support systems — called “jackets” in the oil business — attract vast numbers of invertebrates that settle on them. In turn, these creatures attract diverse fish species. Together these colonies create reef systems that can resist rusting for several hundred years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off California, a myriad of invertebrates coat each platform jacket. Millions of mussels, sea stars and brightly colored anemones fight for space, creating a quilt of patterns and textures. Both large and small fish are also abundant. In some years, clouds of hundreds of thousands of juvenile rockfishes school in the depths below operating oil platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating new habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans have sought to enhance fisheries with artificial reefs for centuries, using materials ranging from wood, rock, concrete and \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/artificial-reef.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decommissioned ships\u003c/a>. The idea of reefing platform jackets developed after oil and gas companies started building platforms in the Gulf of Mexico in the late 1940s. Those steel-pipe structures provided rock-hard habitat for reef fish on an otherwise smooth seafloor, and became highly popular fishing destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Installing thousands of platforms catalyzed a basin-wide increase in available reef fish species, such as the highly prized red snapper. Reef fish moved into areas where they had previously been scarce, due to a \u003ca href=\"https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/11.-Prof.-Richard-MCLAUGHLIN-_Idle-Iron_-versus-_Rigs-to-Reefs_-Surviving-Conflicting-Policy-Mandates-in-the-Gulf-of-Mexico.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of hard habitat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747982\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 754px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11747982\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A marine biologist surveys fishes living at Platform A in the Santa Barbara Channel. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Desmond Ho/CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, Louisiana legislated the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/fishing/artificial-reef-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first U.S. reefing option\u003c/a> for its offshore waters. This program was designed to take advantage of fishing opportunities provided by obsolete platforms and encourage energy companies to convert decommissioned platforms into reefs. Since then, over 500 submerged jackets in the gulf, from Texas to Alabama, have been adapted into artificial reef programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Platforms generally consist of two distinct parts: the topside, or operational facilities seen above water, and the substructure, or parts below the water. To make a reef, energy companies completely remove the topside and transfer it to shore for recycling or partial reuse. In the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, they may tow the underwater jacket to a new location, topple it onto the seabed or cut off the top portion and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsee.gov/what-we-do/environmental-focuses/rigs-to-reefs#3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place it on the seabed next to the lower portion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law only allows partial removal, or cutting off of the top portion. That way the underwater jacket remains intact and in place, which is the least destructive method for the reef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping or hurting sea life?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Gulf of Mexico, reefed oil platforms have significantly increased the amount of available reef fish. Many have become popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltstrong.com/articles/texas-fishing-reef-gps-coordinates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fishing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/gulf-mexicos-hottest-diving-spots-are-decommissioned-oil-rigs-180971728/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diving\u003c/a> sites. In California, most operating platforms are not fished, so they have functioned for decades as de facto marine protected areas, providing ecological benefits for severely overfished species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, scientists have found greater numbers of adult fish of some species, such as cowcod and bocaccio rockfishes, under platforms than on natural reefs. More adults capable of spawning make it likely that more larvae will be released into the ecosystem from species under platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some platforms have been installed and removed off of Southern California, none have been reefed. Discussion of reefing, supported by many years of scientific studies in California waters, led to enactment of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2016/code-fgc/division-6/part-1/chapter-5.5/article-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2010 Marine Resources Legacy Act\u003c/a>, which authorized the rigs-to-reefs concept. Now Platform Holly in state waters and Platforms Grace, Gail, Hermosa, Hildago and Harvest, in federal waters, are undergoing initial steps for decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is expensive, technically complex and lengthy. Because it requires intricate planning, oil companies are likely to consider decommissioning more platforms while they are already organizing equipment, engineering and infrastructure acquisition for the current set. Although industry will save money if a platform is reefed, the savings must be shared with the state. Reefing thus could generate funds for other marine conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either total or partial decommissioning will have many environmental and socioeconomic impacts, both positive and negative. Californians have not had an opportunity to consider what should happen to decommissioned oil platforms since the mid-1990s. Now citizens have an opportunity to reconsider the issue and decide the fate of an unintended but biologically important resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/ann-scarborough-bull-690117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ann Scarborough Bull\u003c/a>, Visiting Researcher, Marine Science institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/milton-love-690119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Love\u003c/a>, Research Biologist, Marine Science Institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/retired-oil-rigs-off-the-california-coast-could-find-new-lives-as-artificial-reefs-111892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11747964/retired-oil-rigs-off-california-coast-could-be-reborn-as-artificial-reefs","authors":["byline_news_11747964"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_22317","news_17781"],"featImg":"news_11747968","label":"source_news_11747964"},"news_11743125":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11743125","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11743125","score":null,"sort":[1556311191000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"discombobulating-trumps-offshore-drilling-plans","title":"'Discombobulating' Trump's Offshore Drilling Plans","publishDate":1556311191,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Trump administration's\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreoffshoreoilhold\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> offshore drilling plans are on hold,\u003c/a> thanks to a federal judge and intense community opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has been planning to open up over 90% of all federal waters to oil and gas exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After U.S. District Judge Sharon Gleason\u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskapublic.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/80-Order-granting-MSJ-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> issued a ruling\u003c/a> that reinstated Obama-era offshore drilling bans in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, recently confirmed Interior Secretary David Bernhardt said the court process \"may be discombobulating to our plan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time I'm lucky enough to be surfing while looking out at an untainted horizon, the word \"discombobulating\" will no doubt pop into my head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enjoy the weekend!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Trump administration's offshore drilling plans are on hold, thanks to a federal judge and intense community opposition.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1556316537,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":109},"headData":{"title":"'Discombobulating' Trump's Offshore Drilling Plans | KQED","description":"The Trump administration's offshore drilling plans are on hold, thanks to a federal judge and intense community opposition.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'Discombobulating' Trump's Offshore Drilling Plans","datePublished":"2019-04-26T20:39:51.000Z","dateModified":"2019-04-26T22:08:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11743125 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11743125","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/04/26/discombobulating-trumps-offshore-drilling-plans/","disqusTitle":"'Discombobulating' Trump's Offshore Drilling Plans","path":"/news/11743125/discombobulating-trumps-offshore-drilling-plans","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration's\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreoffshoreoilhold\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> offshore drilling plans are on hold,\u003c/a> thanks to a federal judge and intense community opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has been planning to open up over 90% of all federal waters to oil and gas exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After U.S. District Judge Sharon Gleason\u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskapublic.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/80-Order-granting-MSJ-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> issued a ruling\u003c/a> that reinstated Obama-era offshore drilling bans in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, recently confirmed Interior Secretary David Bernhardt said the court process \"may be discombobulating to our plan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time I'm lucky enough to be surfing while looking out at an untainted horizon, the word \"discombobulating\" will no doubt pop into my head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enjoy the weekend!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11743125/discombobulating-trumps-offshore-drilling-plans","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_19906","news_6188","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_20865","news_20866","news_21973","news_20949","news_22317"],"featImg":"news_11743139","label":"news_18515"},"news_11661358":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11661358","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11661358","score":null,"sort":[1523479374000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-oil-firms-had-nearly-400-violations","title":"California Oil Firms Had Nearly 400 Violations","publishDate":1523479374,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Oil and gas companies drilling in state waters off Southern California violated regulations nearly 400 times in the past three years, according to a report being released Wednesday by an environmental group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records compiled by the Center for Biological Diversity and obtained by The Associated Press show state violations ranging from severe corrosion to failed and missing tests required to gauge the strength of wells. No civil penalties were issued for any of the violations, according to a spokesman for the state agency responsible for overseeing oil operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group said the problems could pose a serious threat to the environment if aging infrastructure fails and spills oil on beaches near major cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Knowing these facilities have been out there decades upon decades upon decades is a sign you're going to see a lot of corrosion and disrepair,\" said Kristen Monsell, an attorney for the center. \"We need to start getting all of this dirty, decaying infrastructure out of our ocean for good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come three years after a corroded 2-foot-wide pipe owned by Plains All American Pipeline ruptured on land and spilled 120,000 gallons of crude that flowed toward the Santa Barbara coast. More than a fifth of the oil ended up in the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group produced its findings based on a California Public Records Act request filed with the Department of Conservation for all violation notices issued to offshore oil operations by the Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency regulates oil and gas drilling and production throughout the state and in waters up to 3 miles from shore. The violations don't include platforms in federal waters, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1918751/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Trump intends to expand oil and gas drilling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 381 violations, about 290 were racked up by the state's biggest oil and gas producer, California Resources Corp., and two subsidiaries, THUMS Long Beach Co. and Tidelands in Long Beach and the Huntington Beach areas. A spokeswoman for the California Resources Corp. said the company and its affiliates believe they were in \"substantial compliance\" with well integrity testing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the violations were for missing integrity tests required at least every five years. The environmental group found long lapses — some exceeding 20 years — between tests. Most of the missing and failed tests by THUMS on islands owned by the city of Long Beach were for injection wells used to stimulate oil and gas production or dump wastewater from the drilling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"THUMS and Tidelands and their affiliates operate thousands of wells and work proactively with stakeholders to ensure safe and environmentally responsible operations,\" spokeswoman Margita Thompson said. \"Our active injection wells are in compliance with the five-year DOGGR injection well integrity test.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Drysdale, a spokesman for the state regulatory agency, said Tuesday that the division was still trying to verify that mechanical integrity tests were completed and passed by THUMS and Tidelands. He said no civil penalties were issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the agency have long said regulators were too cozy with oil interests and had gone easy on enforcement. The current administration has acknowledged failings and vowed to be more proactive about oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Years and years had gone by without any record of those tests being performed by the company,\" Monsell said. \"That is also emblematic of DOGGR's lack of enforcement and not taking sufficient action when it does act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the violations highlighted by the environmental group were at two neglected operations off the coast of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is seeking $100 million this year to plug wells and decommission Rincon Island, where it found a \"severe state of disrepair,\" and at Platform Holly, which has been idle since Denver-based Venoco filed for bankruptcy last year.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most of the violations were for missing tests required at least every five years. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523481464,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":634},"headData":{"title":"California Oil Firms Had Nearly 400 Violations | KQED","description":"Most of the violations were for missing tests required at least every five years. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Oil Firms Had Nearly 400 Violations","datePublished":"2018-04-11T20:42:54.000Z","dateModified":"2018-04-11T21:17:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11661358 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11661358","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/11/california-oil-firms-had-nearly-400-violations/","disqusTitle":"California Oil Firms Had Nearly 400 Violations","source":"Associated Press","nprByline":"Brian Melley\u003cbr>\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11661358/california-oil-firms-had-nearly-400-violations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oil and gas companies drilling in state waters off Southern California violated regulations nearly 400 times in the past three years, according to a report being released Wednesday by an environmental group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records compiled by the Center for Biological Diversity and obtained by The Associated Press show state violations ranging from severe corrosion to failed and missing tests required to gauge the strength of wells. No civil penalties were issued for any of the violations, according to a spokesman for the state agency responsible for overseeing oil operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group said the problems could pose a serious threat to the environment if aging infrastructure fails and spills oil on beaches near major cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Knowing these facilities have been out there decades upon decades upon decades is a sign you're going to see a lot of corrosion and disrepair,\" said Kristen Monsell, an attorney for the center. \"We need to start getting all of this dirty, decaying infrastructure out of our ocean for good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come three years after a corroded 2-foot-wide pipe owned by Plains All American Pipeline ruptured on land and spilled 120,000 gallons of crude that flowed toward the Santa Barbara coast. More than a fifth of the oil ended up in the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group produced its findings based on a California Public Records Act request filed with the Department of Conservation for all violation notices issued to offshore oil operations by the Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency regulates oil and gas drilling and production throughout the state and in waters up to 3 miles from shore. The violations don't include platforms in federal waters, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1918751/after-florida-gets-offshore-drilling-exemption-other-states-ask-for-the-same\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Trump intends to expand oil and gas drilling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 381 violations, about 290 were racked up by the state's biggest oil and gas producer, California Resources Corp., and two subsidiaries, THUMS Long Beach Co. and Tidelands in Long Beach and the Huntington Beach areas. A spokeswoman for the California Resources Corp. said the company and its affiliates believe they were in \"substantial compliance\" with well integrity testing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the violations were for missing integrity tests required at least every five years. The environmental group found long lapses — some exceeding 20 years — between tests. Most of the missing and failed tests by THUMS on islands owned by the city of Long Beach were for injection wells used to stimulate oil and gas production or dump wastewater from the drilling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"THUMS and Tidelands and their affiliates operate thousands of wells and work proactively with stakeholders to ensure safe and environmentally responsible operations,\" spokeswoman Margita Thompson said. \"Our active injection wells are in compliance with the five-year DOGGR injection well integrity test.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Drysdale, a spokesman for the state regulatory agency, said Tuesday that the division was still trying to verify that mechanical integrity tests were completed and passed by THUMS and Tidelands. He said no civil penalties were issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the agency have long said regulators were too cozy with oil interests and had gone easy on enforcement. The current administration has acknowledged failings and vowed to be more proactive about oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Years and years had gone by without any record of those tests being performed by the company,\" Monsell said. \"That is also emblematic of DOGGR's lack of enforcement and not taking sufficient action when it does act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the violations highlighted by the environmental group were at two neglected operations off the coast of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is seeking $100 million this year to plug wells and decommission Rincon Island, where it found a \"severe state of disrepair,\" and at Platform Holly, which has been idle since Denver-based Venoco filed for bankruptcy last year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11661358/california-oil-firms-had-nearly-400-violations","authors":["byline_news_11661358"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_22317","news_17781","news_18150"],"featImg":"news_11661403","label":"source_news_11661358"},"news_11648859":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11648859","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11648859","score":null,"sort":[1518131371000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-aquatic-opposition","title":"The Aquatic Opposition","publishDate":1518131371,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreoffshore\">Protesters are rallying\u003c/a> against the Trump administration's offshore drilling plan that would expand oil and gas development off the coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of the Interior scheduled just one public meeting in California, with no public comment period and only written comments accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's meeting is at the main library in Sacramento, about 100 miles inland from communities (and fish) that would be directly impacted by offshore oil and gas drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/National-Program-Comment/#submitcomments\">comments can be submitted\u003c/a> on the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Protesters are rallying against the Trump administration's offshore drilling plan today. What do you think about the plan to drill off California's coast?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1518131371,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":92},"headData":{"title":"The Aquatic Opposition | KQED","description":"Protesters are rallying against the Trump administration's offshore drilling plan today. What do you think about the plan to drill off California's coast?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Aquatic Opposition","datePublished":"2018-02-08T23:09:31.000Z","dateModified":"2018-02-08T23:09:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11648859 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11648859","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/08/the-aquatic-opposition/","disqusTitle":"The Aquatic Opposition","path":"/news/11648859/the-aquatic-opposition","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreoffshore\">Protesters are rallying\u003c/a> against the Trump administration's offshore drilling plan that would expand oil and gas development off the coast of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of the Interior scheduled just one public meeting in California, with no public comment period and only written comments accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's meeting is at the main library in Sacramento, about 100 miles inland from communities (and fish) that would be directly impacted by offshore oil and gas drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/National-Program-Comment/#submitcomments\">comments can be submitted\u003c/a> on the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11648859/the-aquatic-opposition","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_1758","news_19906","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_20866","news_21973","news_20023","news_20150","news_20949","news_22531","news_22317","news_20452"],"featImg":"news_11648864","label":"news_18515"},"news_11640391":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11640391","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11640391","score":null,"sort":[1515191504000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trump-administration-proposes-largest-number-of-lease-sales-ever","title":"Trump Administration Proposes 'Largest Number of Lease Sales Ever'","publishDate":1515191504,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced \"the largest number of lease sales ever proposed\" for offshore oil and gas, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioredrilling\">but drilling off California may prove difficult\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/05/03/2017-09087/implementing-an-america-first-offshore-energy-strategy\">America-First Offshore Energy Strategy\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/01/04/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases/\">Trump administration's proposal\u003c/a> covers about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf in Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke's announcement began a \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/National-Program/\">60-day comment period\u003c/a> that includes public meetings sure to generate a large amount of public participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced \"the largest number of lease sales ever proposed\" for offshore oil and gas, but drilling off California may prove difficult.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1515191504,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":80},"headData":{"title":"Trump Administration Proposes 'Largest Number of Lease Sales Ever' | KQED","description":"Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced "the largest number of lease sales ever proposed" for offshore oil and gas, but drilling off California may prove 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Ever'","path":"/news/11640391/trump-administration-proposes-largest-number-of-lease-sales-ever","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced \"the largest number of lease sales ever proposed\" for offshore oil and gas, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioredrilling\">but drilling off California may prove difficult\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/05/03/2017-09087/implementing-an-america-first-offshore-energy-strategy\">America-First Offshore Energy Strategy\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/01/04/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases/\">Trump administration's proposal\u003c/a> covers about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf in Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zinke's announcement began a \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/National-Program/\">60-day comment period\u003c/a> that includes public meetings sure to generate a large amount of public participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11640391/trump-administration-proposes-largest-number-of-lease-sales-ever","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_1758","news_19906","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_20150","news_20949","news_22317","news_4198","news_17781","news_18125","news_18150"],"featImg":"news_11640406","label":"news_18515"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer 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