Native American Students at UCs Get Free Tuition. Here's Why It Isn't Enough
California Urges Universities to Return Native American Remains and Artifacts
Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024
The Untold Story of Richard Oakes' Killing, Part 2
California Looks to Work Alongside Native American Communities on Fentanyl Crisis
California Tribes, Environmental Groups Urge EPA Probe of State Water Board
$100 Million Grant to Assist California Native Tribes With Buying Back Land
How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin
Chumash Tribes 'Reunite' Sacred Rock in Morro Bay Ceremony
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Here's Why It Isn't Enough","publishDate":1712401234,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Native American Students at UCs Get Free Tuition. Here’s Why It Isn’t Enough | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For high school senior Robert McConnell, an acceptance to UC Santa Cruz would all but guarantee his attendance. That’s because, as a member of a federally recognized tribe, McConnell would not have to pay tuition to pursue his dreams of studying marine biology under the \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/types-of-aid/native-american-opportunity-plan.html\">UC Native American Opportunity Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Launched in 2021, the University of California plan offers free tuition to any member of a federal or state-recognized Native American tribe who can provide proof of membership. McConnell, a member of the Hoopa Valley Tribe in rural Northern California, said an acceptance will grant him opportunities that aren’t available in his unincorporated tribal community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 85% of the residents in \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/Hoopa_CDP,_California?g=160XX00US0634540#race-and-ethnicity:~:text=Race%20and%20Ethnicity-,American%20Indian%20and%20Alaska%20Native,-2%2C678\">Hoopa\u003c/a> identify as Native American or Alaskan Native. Leaving behind \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/03/native-american-students-california/\">cultural and family support\u003c/a> to attend far-away institutions can be extremely difficult for Native students. The nearest UC campus to Hoopa is Davis, 200 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the low-to-middle-income Native students of Hoopa, an opportunity to attend UC is invaluable. The reported monthly income for families in the small territory is just over $55,000 a year — qualifying many for federal and state tuition assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really easy to get stuck here in Hoopa Valley, in this little community,” McConnell said. Out of the nearly 3,000 residents of Hoopa, only about \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/all?q=Hoopa%20CDP,%20California&t=Educational%20Attainment\">16%\u003c/a> have a bachelor’s degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is a caveat in the system’s opportunity plan — funds can only go toward paying tuition, not the non-tuition-related expenses like housing and transportation that constitute \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/2023-24_student_expense_budget.pdf\">the bulk of expenses (PDF)\u003c/a> for California students. Paying out of pocket for rent in expensive areas is especially daunting for prospective students like McConnell, who must relocate to pursue his education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians who identify as Native account for 1.7% of the population statewide, or around 660,000 people, according to 2022 \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/CA/RHI325222#:~:text=6.5%25-,American,-Indian%20and%20Alaska\">census data\u003c/a>. Across the UC system, 1,788 \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/fall-enrollment-glance#:~:text=us%20Information%20center-,Fall%20enrollment%20at%20a%20glance,-Fall%20enrollment%20at\">Native students\u003c/a> constitute 0.6% of the total student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State University system enrolls \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/about-the-csu/facts-about-the-csu/Documents/facts2024.pdf\">around half (PDF)\u003c/a> the Native students UC does, with 833 students comprising 0.2% of enrollment in Fall 2023. The California Community Colleges enrolled 6,580 Native students in 2022–2023, around 0.3% of its total student population. None of these counts include Native Hawaiian students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native students and campus administrators report that the UC is still a long way from being a place where Native students can thrive. Native high schoolers who spoke to CalMatters reported feeling hopeful about their admission, but currently enrolled Native students report that strains on their student budgets along with insufficient resources and a lack of Native faculty mentors have made their educational experience at the UC less enriching than they expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Native American Opportunity Plan only covers tuition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cedar Schaeffer, a third-year public health major at UC Irvine and member of the Round Valley Tribe, said the plan’s limits have had a large impact on his student budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t cover housing. It doesn’t even cover the tech fee waiver at UC Irvine,” said Schaeffer, who grew up about 70 miles from Irvine on the Pala Band of Indians Reservation. “So there’s more than about $3,000 that I usually pay every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982063\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar Schaeffer, president of the American Indian Student Association, at UC Irvine on March 28, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like many other forms of financial aid, related college expenses such as housing and books are not covered by the plan. According to the California Student Aid Commission’s 2023–24 \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/2023-24_student_expense_budget.pdf\">student expense budgets (PDF)\u003c/a>, non-tuition-related costs can amount to an additional $5,000 a year for students in on-campus housing, on top of the dorm rent rates set by the campus. Non-tuition-related costs can balloon up to $27,000 for off-campus students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Cedar Schaeffer, third-year public health major, UC Irvine\"]‘It doesn’t cover housing. It doesn’t even cover the tech fee waiver at UC Irvine.’[/pullquote]The system estimated it would grant \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/types-of-aid/native-american-opportunity-plan.html\">$2.4 million\u003c/a> in tuition assistance to Native students in the 2022–23 term funded by state and federal grants. The Public Policy Institute of California estimated the funds assisted 500 undergraduates and 160 graduate students during \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/native-american-students-may-gain-better-access-to-uc-with-new-aid-program/#:~:text=The%20UC%20Native%20American%20Opportunity%20Plan%20aims%20to%20better%20support,or%20about%2044%25%20of%20the\">the first term\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Hoopa Valley, McConnell said the financial aid he expects to receive would already cover tuition costs, meaning he could not use the plan’s tuition waiver. To afford the cost of living 400 miles away in pricey Santa Cruz, McConnell said outside scholarship assistance will be vital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amanda Putnam, a Native American Recruitment & Outreach Specialist at UC Merced, said she doesn’t believe the current plan fully accomplishes the UC’s goal of making its campuses more accessible and affordable for Native students. She said non-tuition costs alone could dissuade many students from considering the UC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s daunting to have $10,000 to $15,000 to even $20,000 of housing facing them,” Putnam said. “I would say that that’s probably the biggest portion, about half the [current] students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>UCs lack Native resources and representation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even accounting for the rise in admissions, Indigenous students composed 1% of total \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/_files/factsheets/2023/admission-table-2-1.pdf\">UC student admissions (PDF)\u003c/a> in 2022–23. Systemwide, Native-identifying \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/uc-workforce-diversity\">faculty and teaching assistants\u003c/a> represent about 219 of the 73,024 total at the UC, just over 0.3% as of October 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaeffer himself was informed by a family member that applying to the UC could save him thousands, and UC Irvine was a more affordable option compared to his alternatives on the East Coast. But Schaeffer said that once he arrived at UC Irvine, he was appalled at the lack of Native representation on campus. Schaeffer said he was surprised at the amount of work Native student groups are expected to put in to organize events and garner additional community resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Cedar Schaeffer, third-year public health major, UC Irvine\"]‘Representation really is a huge factor. When you don’t have your community on campus, you’re less motivated to continue on.’[/pullquote]“Representation really is a huge factor,” he said. “When you don’t have your community on campus, you’re less motivated to continue on. I know a lot of people feel unsupported on campus, and I’ve even thought about transferring to another institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise in Native enrollment has shifted the focus of administrators and faculty onto providing more support for potential and current Native students, according to Pheonecia Bauerle, chair of the UC-wide Native American Advisory Council and director of Native student development at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows the [plan] encourages more people to apply,” she said. “As we’re getting more students, I’m trying to ramp up on creating frameworks for how to understand, how to serve the students. When you have small numbers, it’s usually how it starts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight UCs have created spaces to foster a closer Native student community. UC Irvine and UC Merced are the only two campuses that have yet to establish a physical, on-campus resource center for Native students that is run by faculty or staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982082\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sofia (center), Carlos Morales (left) and Stormi Alejandre (right) take part in an after-Easter gathering at the Native American Academic Student Success Center at UC Davis on April 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(José Luis Villegas/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putnam, at UC Merced, said a lack of funding compared to other, more established UCs has limited the resources she’s able to offer her Native students. According to Bauerle, even the oldest UC in the system, UC Berkeley, only expanded the multicultural center to add a Native student wing when she was hired 10 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not at the place yet of establishing any programs or things like that,” Putnam said. “The funding just isn’t there yet. Me being able to be that one-on-one support for students has been huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Native students are filling gaps in programming\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some students have taken action themselves to fill the void in resources and programming. On UCLA’s campus, Native student groups coordinate on-campus events with the Native American Studies department and the campus administration, but organize most of their cultural events, recruitment efforts and informational tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya Araujo — a fourth-year American Indian Studies major and vice president of the Native American Indigenous Student Association at UCLA — said resources are primarily offered by students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in contact with [administrators], but it’s kind of like nagging them,” Araujo said. “It’s kind of difficult to get resources, even from our American Indian Studies Center. … It’s mostly like us advocating for ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without student intervention, the resources for Native students on campus wouldn’t be enough, Araujo added. Even at UCLA, where the Native student population is the largest by number at the UC at \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/fall-enrollment-glance\">321 students\u003c/a> in Fall 2023, Araujo said there is little representation among faculty. UCLA employed 15 \u003ca href=\"https://equity.ucla.edu/workforce_diversity/\">Native faculty members\u003c/a> in Fall 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at other UCs have even less communication with the administration. Christine Frazier, a fourth-year student studying ecology, behavior and evolution at UC San Diego and a member of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, said students arrange most of their own events and cultural celebrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any Native events, whether that be Native American and/or the Intertribal Resource Center, it’s mostly Natives who go or work there,” Frazier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Difficulties in recruiting Native students\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Frazier decided to attend UC San Diego was because of a connection she made with a member of the Intertribal Resource Center on campus during her UC application process. Upon arriving, Frazier — who now co-chairs the Native American and Indigenous Student Alliance — was shocked to find virtually no representation outside of meetings with Native student groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re definitely a small number there, especially with my club,” she said. “Most of the time, I’m one of the only Indigenous or Native students in really any setting, except when I’m at these Intertribal Resource Center or Native American and Indigenous Student Association events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Christine Frazier, fourth-year ecology, behavior and evolution major, UC San Diego\"]‘Most of the time, I’m one of the only Indigenous or Native students in really any setting …’[/pullquote]It would be difficult to attract more Native students to the UC without established student, faculty or administrative representation, Frazier said. In her four years at UC San Diego, she has only had one Native professor and rarely communicates with administrators. Currently, 0.2% of faculty members at \u003ca href=\"https://diversity.ucsd.edu/accountability/academic-personnel.html\">UC San Diego\u003c/a> are Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each UC attracts a unique student and faculty base, which means individual campuses have to emphasize distinct recruitment efforts, Bauerle said. At UC Berkeley, Bauerle focuses her recruitment through the many Native organizations in the Bay Area, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ifhurbanrez.org/\">Intertribal Friendship House in Oakland\u003c/a> — one of the first Native community centers in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fewer Native students come from reservations and more are growing up in urban, suburban or rural areas,” Bauerle said. “Their experience with communities is going to look a lot different and so it means to adjust how we offer programs and meet students where they’re at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Merced, Puntam said recruitment is more concentrated on reservations; she attends powwows and interacts directly with tribes like the Yokuts and Miwuk in the areas surrounding Merced to attract Native students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The UC’s plans for the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some faculty and students point to UC Davis as a model for serving Native students. The campus has two dedicated programs: the Native American Academic Student Success Center and the Native American Retention Initiative Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student resource centers, scholarship opportunities and community-driven events can make the difference for prospective Native students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, McConnell said UC Davis’ \u003ca href=\"https://housing.ucdavis.edu/academics/living-learning-communities/2023-24/\">shared interest communities\u003c/a> are a primary reason for his application. Shared interest communities are living and learning spaces for certain student groups, like Native students, to congregate and explore their cultures and history. Around 390 students, most but not all Native, live together in the Yosemite dormitory at UC Davis as part of the Native shared interest community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of the UC campuses would like to take a more aggressive approach to Native student recruitment and tribal partnerships, though no official timelines have been set, Bauerle said. She added that each UC campus will likely be taking a unique approach that benefits its student base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Davis, a little bit at Berkeley, UCLA, San Diego, they’re partnering with tribes in different capacities, and allowing graduate students to see opportunities to do work with Indigenous communities,” Bauerle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters of past Native American cultural events hang in the communal space at Yosemite Hall at UC Davis on April 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(José Luis Villegas/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the UC has work to do reconciling relationships with Native tribes by cataloging and returning Native ancestral remains and artifacts that campuses have in their possession. Multiple state audit reports found the UC system lacked the policies, urgency and staffing to comply with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2023/12/california-universities-repatriation-native-artifacts/\">Native repatriation laws\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some progress is being made, including new policies governing repatriation the UC issued in 2021. Last October, UC Berkeley also took the first step to return 4,400 Native remains and 25,000 Native cultural artifacts to California tribes in what would be\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/31/2023-23975/notice-of-inventory-completion-university-of-california-berkeley-berkeley-ca\"> the largest repatriation\u003c/a> for the campus to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More on Education' tag='education']Bauerle is advocating for universal recruitment and retention standards across the UC that cater to all Native students, regardless of their campus. “Not all campuses look the same or have the same resources that they’re able to provide,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaeffer said what he’d like to see most is for UC administrators to play a larger role in assuring that Native students have proper resources and directories for those resources on campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think for the future, we really want to be able to look towards leadership on campus — the chancellor, the deans, those administration positions,” Schaeffer said. “We really want to be able to ask them for help, not have those barriers of, ‘Oh, we’re out of office,’ or, ‘I’m gonna refer you to someone else.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Buchanan is a fellow with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/category/education/higher-education/college-beat/\">\u003cem>College Journalism Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"UC's Native American Opportunity Plan offers free tuition to Native students in California. Still, they face challenges like budget strains, inadequate resources and faculty representation, hindering academic success.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712364692,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":49,"wordCount":2556},"headData":{"title":"Native American Students at UCs Get Free Tuition. Here's Why It Isn't Enough | KQED","description":"UC's Native American Opportunity Plan offers free tuition to Native students in California. Still, they face challenges like budget strains, inadequate resources and faculty representation, hindering academic success.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Native American Students at UCs Get Free Tuition. Here's Why It Isn't Enough","datePublished":"2024-04-06T11:00:34.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-06T00:51:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/christopher-buchanan/\">Christopher Buchanan\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11982060/native-american-students-at-ucs-get-free-tuition-heres-why-it-isnt-enough","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For high school senior Robert McConnell, an acceptance to UC Santa Cruz would all but guarantee his attendance. That’s because, as a member of a federally recognized tribe, McConnell would not have to pay tuition to pursue his dreams of studying marine biology under the \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/types-of-aid/native-american-opportunity-plan.html\">UC Native American Opportunity Plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Launched in 2021, the University of California plan offers free tuition to any member of a federal or state-recognized Native American tribe who can provide proof of membership. McConnell, a member of the Hoopa Valley Tribe in rural Northern California, said an acceptance will grant him opportunities that aren’t available in his unincorporated tribal community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 85% of the residents in \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/Hoopa_CDP,_California?g=160XX00US0634540#race-and-ethnicity:~:text=Race%20and%20Ethnicity-,American%20Indian%20and%20Alaska%20Native,-2%2C678\">Hoopa\u003c/a> identify as Native American or Alaskan Native. Leaving behind \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/03/native-american-students-california/\">cultural and family support\u003c/a> to attend far-away institutions can be extremely difficult for Native students. The nearest UC campus to Hoopa is Davis, 200 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the low-to-middle-income Native students of Hoopa, an opportunity to attend UC is invaluable. The reported monthly income for families in the small territory is just over $55,000 a year — qualifying many for federal and state tuition assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really easy to get stuck here in Hoopa Valley, in this little community,” McConnell said. Out of the nearly 3,000 residents of Hoopa, only about \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/all?q=Hoopa%20CDP,%20California&t=Educational%20Attainment\">16%\u003c/a> have a bachelor’s degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is a caveat in the system’s opportunity plan — funds can only go toward paying tuition, not the non-tuition-related expenses like housing and transportation that constitute \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/2023-24_student_expense_budget.pdf\">the bulk of expenses (PDF)\u003c/a> for California students. Paying out of pocket for rent in expensive areas is especially daunting for prospective students like McConnell, who must relocate to pursue his education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians who identify as Native account for 1.7% of the population statewide, or around 660,000 people, according to 2022 \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/CA/RHI325222#:~:text=6.5%25-,American,-Indian%20and%20Alaska\">census data\u003c/a>. Across the UC system, 1,788 \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/fall-enrollment-glance#:~:text=us%20Information%20center-,Fall%20enrollment%20at%20a%20glance,-Fall%20enrollment%20at\">Native students\u003c/a> constitute 0.6% of the total student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State University system enrolls \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/about-the-csu/facts-about-the-csu/Documents/facts2024.pdf\">around half (PDF)\u003c/a> the Native students UC does, with 833 students comprising 0.2% of enrollment in Fall 2023. The California Community Colleges enrolled 6,580 Native students in 2022–2023, around 0.3% of its total student population. None of these counts include Native Hawaiian students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native students and campus administrators report that the UC is still a long way from being a place where Native students can thrive. Native high schoolers who spoke to CalMatters reported feeling hopeful about their admission, but currently enrolled Native students report that strains on their student budgets along with insufficient resources and a lack of Native faculty mentors have made their educational experience at the UC less enriching than they expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Native American Opportunity Plan only covers tuition\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cedar Schaeffer, a third-year public health major at UC Irvine and member of the Round Valley Tribe, said the plan’s limits have had a large impact on his student budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t cover housing. It doesn’t even cover the tech fee waiver at UC Irvine,” said Schaeffer, who grew up about 70 miles from Irvine on the Pala Band of Indians Reservation. “So there’s more than about $3,000 that I usually pay every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982063\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents02-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar Schaeffer, president of the American Indian Student Association, at UC Irvine on March 28, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like many other forms of financial aid, related college expenses such as housing and books are not covered by the plan. According to the California Student Aid Commission’s 2023–24 \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/2023-24_student_expense_budget.pdf\">student expense budgets (PDF)\u003c/a>, non-tuition-related costs can amount to an additional $5,000 a year for students in on-campus housing, on top of the dorm rent rates set by the campus. Non-tuition-related costs can balloon up to $27,000 for off-campus students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It doesn’t cover housing. It doesn’t even cover the tech fee waiver at UC Irvine.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Cedar Schaeffer, third-year public health major, UC Irvine","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The system estimated it would grant \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/types-of-aid/native-american-opportunity-plan.html\">$2.4 million\u003c/a> in tuition assistance to Native students in the 2022–23 term funded by state and federal grants. The Public Policy Institute of California estimated the funds assisted 500 undergraduates and 160 graduate students during \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/native-american-students-may-gain-better-access-to-uc-with-new-aid-program/#:~:text=The%20UC%20Native%20American%20Opportunity%20Plan%20aims%20to%20better%20support,or%20about%2044%25%20of%20the\">the first term\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Hoopa Valley, McConnell said the financial aid he expects to receive would already cover tuition costs, meaning he could not use the plan’s tuition waiver. To afford the cost of living 400 miles away in pricey Santa Cruz, McConnell said outside scholarship assistance will be vital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amanda Putnam, a Native American Recruitment & Outreach Specialist at UC Merced, said she doesn’t believe the current plan fully accomplishes the UC’s goal of making its campuses more accessible and affordable for Native students. She said non-tuition costs alone could dissuade many students from considering the UC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s daunting to have $10,000 to $15,000 to even $20,000 of housing facing them,” Putnam said. “I would say that that’s probably the biggest portion, about half the [current] students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>UCs lack Native resources and representation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even accounting for the rise in admissions, Indigenous students composed 1% of total \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/institutional-research-academic-planning/_files/factsheets/2023/admission-table-2-1.pdf\">UC student admissions (PDF)\u003c/a> in 2022–23. Systemwide, Native-identifying \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/uc-workforce-diversity\">faculty and teaching assistants\u003c/a> represent about 219 of the 73,024 total at the UC, just over 0.3% as of October 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaeffer himself was informed by a family member that applying to the UC could save him thousands, and UC Irvine was a more affordable option compared to his alternatives on the East Coast. But Schaeffer said that once he arrived at UC Irvine, he was appalled at the lack of Native representation on campus. Schaeffer said he was surprised at the amount of work Native student groups are expected to put in to organize events and garner additional community resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Representation really is a huge factor. When you don’t have your community on campus, you’re less motivated to continue on.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Cedar Schaeffer, third-year public health major, UC Irvine","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Representation really is a huge factor,” he said. “When you don’t have your community on campus, you’re less motivated to continue on. I know a lot of people feel unsupported on campus, and I’ve even thought about transferring to another institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise in Native enrollment has shifted the focus of administrators and faculty onto providing more support for potential and current Native students, according to Pheonecia Bauerle, chair of the UC-wide Native American Advisory Council and director of Native student development at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shows the [plan] encourages more people to apply,” she said. “As we’re getting more students, I’m trying to ramp up on creating frameworks for how to understand, how to serve the students. When you have small numbers, it’s usually how it starts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight UCs have created spaces to foster a closer Native student community. UC Irvine and UC Merced are the only two campuses that have yet to establish a physical, on-campus resource center for Native students that is run by faculty or staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982082\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sofia (center), Carlos Morales (left) and Stormi Alejandre (right) take part in an after-Easter gathering at the Native American Academic Student Success Center at UC Davis on April 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(José Luis Villegas/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putnam, at UC Merced, said a lack of funding compared to other, more established UCs has limited the resources she’s able to offer her Native students. According to Bauerle, even the oldest UC in the system, UC Berkeley, only expanded the multicultural center to add a Native student wing when she was hired 10 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not at the place yet of establishing any programs or things like that,” Putnam said. “The funding just isn’t there yet. Me being able to be that one-on-one support for students has been huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Native students are filling gaps in programming\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some students have taken action themselves to fill the void in resources and programming. On UCLA’s campus, Native student groups coordinate on-campus events with the Native American Studies department and the campus administration, but organize most of their cultural events, recruitment efforts and informational tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maya Araujo — a fourth-year American Indian Studies major and vice president of the Native American Indigenous Student Association at UCLA — said resources are primarily offered by students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in contact with [administrators], but it’s kind of like nagging them,” Araujo said. “It’s kind of difficult to get resources, even from our American Indian Studies Center. … It’s mostly like us advocating for ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without student intervention, the resources for Native students on campus wouldn’t be enough, Araujo added. Even at UCLA, where the Native student population is the largest by number at the UC at \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/about-us/information-center/fall-enrollment-glance\">321 students\u003c/a> in Fall 2023, Araujo said there is little representation among faculty. UCLA employed 15 \u003ca href=\"https://equity.ucla.edu/workforce_diversity/\">Native faculty members\u003c/a> in Fall 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students at other UCs have even less communication with the administration. Christine Frazier, a fourth-year student studying ecology, behavior and evolution at UC San Diego and a member of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, said students arrange most of their own events and cultural celebrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any Native events, whether that be Native American and/or the Intertribal Resource Center, it’s mostly Natives who go or work there,” Frazier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Difficulties in recruiting Native students\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Frazier decided to attend UC San Diego was because of a connection she made with a member of the Intertribal Resource Center on campus during her UC application process. Upon arriving, Frazier — who now co-chairs the Native American and Indigenous Student Alliance — was shocked to find virtually no representation outside of meetings with Native student groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re definitely a small number there, especially with my club,” she said. “Most of the time, I’m one of the only Indigenous or Native students in really any setting, except when I’m at these Intertribal Resource Center or Native American and Indigenous Student Association events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Most of the time, I’m one of the only Indigenous or Native students in really any setting …’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Christine Frazier, fourth-year ecology, behavior and evolution major, UC San Diego","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It would be difficult to attract more Native students to the UC without established student, faculty or administrative representation, Frazier said. In her four years at UC San Diego, she has only had one Native professor and rarely communicates with administrators. Currently, 0.2% of faculty members at \u003ca href=\"https://diversity.ucsd.edu/accountability/academic-personnel.html\">UC San Diego\u003c/a> are Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each UC attracts a unique student and faculty base, which means individual campuses have to emphasize distinct recruitment efforts, Bauerle said. At UC Berkeley, Bauerle focuses her recruitment through the many Native organizations in the Bay Area, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ifhurbanrez.org/\">Intertribal Friendship House in Oakland\u003c/a> — one of the first Native community centers in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fewer Native students come from reservations and more are growing up in urban, suburban or rural areas,” Bauerle said. “Their experience with communities is going to look a lot different and so it means to adjust how we offer programs and meet students where they’re at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Merced, Puntam said recruitment is more concentrated on reservations; she attends powwows and interacts directly with tribes like the Yokuts and Miwuk in the areas surrounding Merced to attract Native students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The UC’s plans for the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some faculty and students point to UC Davis as a model for serving Native students. The campus has two dedicated programs: the Native American Academic Student Success Center and the Native American Retention Initiative Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student resource centers, scholarship opportunities and community-driven events can make the difference for prospective Native students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, McConnell said UC Davis’ \u003ca href=\"https://housing.ucdavis.edu/academics/living-learning-communities/2023-24/\">shared interest communities\u003c/a> are a primary reason for his application. Shared interest communities are living and learning spaces for certain student groups, like Native students, to congregate and explore their cultures and history. Around 390 students, most but not all Native, live together in the Yosemite dormitory at UC Davis as part of the Native shared interest community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of the UC campuses would like to take a more aggressive approach to Native student recruitment and tribal partnerships, though no official timelines have been set, Bauerle said. She added that each UC campus will likely be taking a unique approach that benefits its student base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Davis, a little bit at Berkeley, UCLA, San Diego, they’re partnering with tribes in different capacities, and allowing graduate students to see opportunities to do work with Indigenous communities,” Bauerle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/CMNativeStudents03-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters of past Native American cultural events hang in the communal space at Yosemite Hall at UC Davis on April 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(José Luis Villegas/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the UC has work to do reconciling relationships with Native tribes by cataloging and returning Native ancestral remains and artifacts that campuses have in their possession. Multiple state audit reports found the UC system lacked the policies, urgency and staffing to comply with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/college-beat/2023/12/california-universities-repatriation-native-artifacts/\">Native repatriation laws\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some progress is being made, including new policies governing repatriation the UC issued in 2021. Last October, UC Berkeley also took the first step to return 4,400 Native remains and 25,000 Native cultural artifacts to California tribes in what would be\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/31/2023-23975/notice-of-inventory-completion-university-of-california-berkeley-berkeley-ca\"> the largest repatriation\u003c/a> for the campus to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Education ","tag":"education"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Bauerle is advocating for universal recruitment and retention standards across the UC that cater to all Native students, regardless of their campus. “Not all campuses look the same or have the same resources that they’re able to provide,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaeffer said what he’d like to see most is for UC administrators to play a larger role in assuring that Native students have proper resources and directories for those resources on campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think for the future, we really want to be able to look towards leadership on campus — the chancellor, the deans, those administration positions,” Schaeffer said. “We really want to be able to ask them for help, not have those barriers of, ‘Oh, we’re out of office,’ or, ‘I’m gonna refer you to someone else.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Buchanan is a fellow with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/category/education/higher-education/college-beat/\">\u003cem>College Journalism Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11982060/native-american-students-at-ucs-get-free-tuition-heres-why-it-isnt-enough","authors":["byline_news_11982060"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_21180","news_20013","news_27626","news_21512","news_1262"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11982062","label":"news_18481"},"news_11970846":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11970846","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11970846","score":null,"sort":[1703628055000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-urges-universities-to-return-native-american-remains-and-artifacts","title":"California Urges Universities to Return Native American Remains and Artifacts","publishDate":1703628055,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Urges Universities to Return Native American Remains and Artifacts | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When San José State anthropology professor Elizabeth Weiss tweeted a picture to celebrate returning to campus in September 2021, it caught the attention of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/james-ramos-1967/\">Assemblymember James Ramos\u003c/a>, a Democrat from San Bernardino and the Legislature’s first and only Native American member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So happy to be back with some old friends,” read the caption of Weiss’ tweet, which included a photo of her holding the skull of a Native ancestor in front of boxes of other remains. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Assemblymember James Ramos, D-San Bernardino\"]‘Now that I’m in the state Legislature, we have a stronger voice to ensure that people truly understand that this is something that needs to get done.’[/pullquote]For Ramos, a member of the San Manuel Indian Reservation’s Serrano/Cahuilla tribe, the caption was an example of the lack of respect for Native history in California. The boxes in the photograph’s background were a reminder of the vast collections of Native remains and artifacts still being held illegally in California’s public university systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The post prompted Ramos to request an audit of the California State University’s repatriation progress — the act of institutions giving back remains and artifacts to Native tribes as required by state and federal laws passed as far back as three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To find that we’re still in the year 2023 and that hasn’t happened is really daunting to find out how we move forward,” Ramos said. “But now that I’m in the state Legislature, we have a stronger voice to ensure that people truly understand that this is something that needs to get done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"https://auditor.ca.gov/reports/2022-107/index.html#section3\">Cal State audit\u003c/a> was published in June 2023, results were similar to an audit of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/2019-047/summary.html\">University of California\u003c/a> conducted three years prior — a lack of policies, urgency and staffing meant neither system complied with the California Native American Graves Protection Act of 2001 or the federal Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal State campuses collectively returned only 6% of the 698,000 Native remains and artifacts to local tribes. UC campuses collectively returned around 35% of 17,000 human remains as of October 2023, according to UC spokesperson Stett Holbrook, with an additional 30% in the process of being returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two campuses stand out among their peers, however. UCLA has returned 96% of its 58,200 items, while Cal State Long Beach has given back 70% of its 9,000 items, the only campuses in their respective systems to return a majority of remains and artifacts to Native tribes. Strong Native American voices, along with allies in campus leadership and academic departments, were factors that allowed both universities to lead their systems in repatriation progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16206456/embed?auto=1\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/pdfs/reports/2019-047.pdf\">state audit\u003c/a> of the UC system, university officials released \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/research-policy-analysis-coordination/policies-guidance/curation-and-repatriation/index.html\">new policies\u003c/a> governing repatriation efforts in December 2021. The six UC campuses with collections of more than 100 items are now required to have a full-time repatriation coordinator. UC also required campuses to submit budget proposals to fund the full return of their collections to tribes and add more tribal members to committees that review repatriation requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of June 2023, 12 of 21 Cal State campuses with collections subject to repatriation laws had yet to meet a 1995 federal deadline to complete an inventory of their collections, much less return remains or artifacts. Since the audit, Cal State has opened nominations for a new systemwide repatriation committee that aims for majority representation from Native American tribes, giving preference to California Indian tribal members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970926\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970926\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02.jpg\" alt=\"Photos of Native American history.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-800x252.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-1020x321.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-160x50.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-1536x483.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-1920x604.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A display of photos at the CSU Long Beach campus from gatherings in which the Tongva community launched a Southern California Indian sewn plank canoe (ti’at) along with a Chumash sewn plank canoe (tomol). Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>( Julie A. Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB389\">Assembly Bill 389,\u003c/a> introduced by Ramos and signed into law in October, requires Cal State campuses to fund the full expense of returning their collections, including full-time coordinators. The law also shifts the system’s relationship with Native remains and artifacts by prohibiting their use for teaching or research, a win for tribes who have accused universities in California of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/07/native-american-tribes-clash-with-uc-over-bones-of-their-ancestors/\">delaying repatriation\u003c/a> so professors can continue their research. The law amounts to a major overhaul of the system’s repatriation process, ensuring funding shortfalls and research priorities no longer stall efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San José State, Weiss will resign effective May 29, 2024, as part of a settlement after she sued the university for barring her access to the campus’ skeletal collection following her post. The campus holds around 500 Native remains and 5,000 cultural items and completed its first repatriation of two remains and two cultural items to the Central Valley Yokuts tribe in March 2020, according to the audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I have said many times before, there is nothing wrong or controversial about this photo or the tweet,” Weiss wrote in a statement to CalMatters. “The photo shows my true love and respect for anthropology and the skeletal remains that make it possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How UCLA returned nearly all remains and artifacts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When the state auditor reviewed the UC’s progress, UCLA stood out. Between 1996 and 2022, UCLA returned nearly its entire collection of Native remains and artifacts through \u003ca href=\"https://www3.research.ucla.edu/nagpra/collections\">127 repatriations\u003c/a> to tribes in California, Arizona, Hawaii and Utah. Most items in the university’s collections were unearthed during university and government construction projects, according to Sylvia Forni, director of UCLA’s Fowler Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t do anything special at UCLA that isn’t supposed to be done legally at other UCs and Cal States,” said Michael Chavez, who started as UCLA’s archaeological collections manager and repatriation coordinator this year. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Chavez, archaeological collections manager and repatriation coordinator, UCLA\"]‘We don’t decide for the tribe. We work in collaboration with the tribe and strongly defer to their opinion and position.’[/pullquote]Chavez, a Native member of the Tongva of the Los Angeles Basin, applauded a 2020 revision to the state’s repatriation law making it easier for non-federally recognized tribes to reclaim their ancestors and artifacts. He said his work largely involves listening to local tribes, federally recognized or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t decide for the tribe,” Chavez said. “We work in collaboration with the tribe and strongly defer to their opinion and position.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez credits the university’s 2020 audit results to the impact of his predecessor, former coordinator Dr. Wendy Teeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[She] didn’t allow any obstacles to get in her way in the pursuit of repatriation,” Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite limited funding and her multiple roles as a lecturer in American Indian Studies, a member of the UC’s Native American Advisory Committee and curator at the Fowler Museum, Teeter established a culture of welcoming Native communities during her 25 years on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just broadened it to be more reciprocal in nature and more understanding that they had a lot to share with us, and we had a lot to share with them,” Teeter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970927\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11970927\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-1020x1275.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a green T-shirt is pictured outdoors with trees behind her.\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Wendy G. Teeter, former lecturer of American Indian Studies at UCLA and Senior Curator of Archeology, Fowler Museum at UCLA, on Dec. 15, 2023. \u003ccite>(Julie A. Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond consulting with tribes on repatriation efforts, Teeter said Anthropology and American Indian Studies faculty assisted efforts by leading listening sessions and campus tours to strengthen relationships between the tribes and campus community. Having allies across academic departments was another key to UCLA’s success, according to Teeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before campuses were required to estimate and fund the full cost of repatriation, Teeter said the vice chancellor of research would review funding requests to support her work, annually providing about $60,000 from federal grants. Teeter is hopeful new policies at UC and Cal State will lead to sustainable funding for returning remains and artifacts to their tribal homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since retiring from UCLA last year, Teeter now works with the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians as an archaeologist, where she reviews development projects and mediates between the developer and the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forni, Teeter’s successor at the Fowler Museum, said she’s committed to finishing the work led by Teeter and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think, at this point, [it] is 99% done,” Forni said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cal State Long Beach ‘a sacred site’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://home.csulb.edu/~eruyle/puvudoc_0000_about.html\">Puvuu’nga\u003c/a>, the Native village that Cal State Long Beach occupies, is also a sacred site used for rituals and burials that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/native-american-sacred-land-on-csu-long-beach-campus-should-be-permanently-protected/\">connect tribes\u003c/a> in Southern California and beyond. Since 1990, Cal State Long Beach returned 275 ancestral remains and 6,059 cultural items to three of the tribes local to campus, according to the June 2023 audit. The university is the only Cal State campus to have transferred the majority of its collection, at 70%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in 1968, the American Indian Studies program at Cal State Long Beach is the oldest in California. Native history is central to the campus’ identity, unlike other institutions, said Dr. Craig Stone, professor emeritus of American Indian Studies and the former provost designee for Cal State Long Beach’s repatriation committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land the university occupies has ties to \u003ca href=\"https://www.csulb.edu/university-relations-and-development/tribal-relations/consultation\">more than 20 tribes \u003c/a>from the Gabrielino, Acjachemen, Luiseño, and Cahuilla bands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970928\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of three individuals are pictured: two men and one woman. All have serious faces as they stand in front of a wall full of bookshelves that have various Native American artifacts and books on it.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Cindi Alvitre, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Coordinator, Craig Stone, Professor Emeritus and Director of American Indian Studies, and Luis Robles, Chair of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Committee. at CSU Long Beach on. Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Julie A. Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a sacred site, not just to the Tongva, Gabrielino people. This is a sacred site to anyone who’s been influenced by the Chingichnish spiritual philosophy,” Stone said. \u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/gx41mn02g\">Chingichnish\u003c/a> describes a deity and religion followed by Native tribes throughout Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus began repatriating the remains of Native ancestors long before the 1990 federal repatriation law, Stone said. Skeletal remains of ancestors \u003ca href=\"https://www.presstelegram.com/2016/09/22/ceremony-memorializes-reburial-of-indigenous-peoples-remains-at-cal-state-long-beach/\">found on campus\u003c/a> during construction projects were given proper reburial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We interred in 1979,” Stone said. “So this is a commitment that people have heard of, know about, care about, and know when the law came into being, ‘Oh, yeah, we did that back in 1979.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal State Long Beach student in the ‘70s, Stone was one of 10 people on the student council who approached then-President Steven Thorn about the \u003ca href=\"https://cla.csulb.edu/departments/americanindianstudies/ancestors-final-journey-home/\">skeletal remains\u003c/a> of a Gabrielino ancestor unearthed near the university during the construction of a sprinkler system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went down there, and we were gonna demand this, and as soon as we got to the office, he was like, ‘What’s going on guys? Let’s fix this, let’s review this ancestor,’” Stone said. “Which was interesting because people are not interested in fixing anything, so he was an ally right off the bat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970929\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05.jpg\" alt=\"Native American women in traditions clothing and headwear are pictured.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. UCR Powwow Princess 2023-24, Tishmal Herrera, dances at a performance during Native American Celebration Day at the state Capitol in Sacramento on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal State Long Beach would go on to have more allies — including Professor Emeritus Marcus Young Owl, who was Stone’s colleague for decades and a current member of the Cal State Long Beach repatriation committee representing the anthropology department. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Young Owl, professor emeritus, Cal State Long Beach\"]‘I’m actually proud of the fact that the anthropology department was so willing to participate and have good relations with American Indian Studies.’[/pullquote]Young Owl, who describes himself as of Ojibwe descent, was a student and a founding member of the campus Indian Youth Council in December 1968. He started working as a faculty member teaching anthropology in 1987, replacing a professor who disagreed with repatriation, Young Owl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m actually proud of the fact that the anthropology department was so willing to participate and have good relations with American Indian Studies,” Young Owl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repatriation process has been slow for the remaining 30% of the university’s collection. Stone attributes this to the previous lack of funding for a full-time repatriation coordinator and the months-long work of sifting through buckets of dirt and bones to identify ancestral remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lack of funding for staff was a main issue cited in the audit of Cal State. Of the 23 campuses in the Cal State system, 10 reported a lack of sufficient funding to support the responsibilities that fall under federal and state laws, according to the audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The work of repatriation continues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like UC before it, Cal State is now taking nominations until Feb. 2 to fill repatriation committees on campuses and statewide. Led by Adriane Tafoya, Cal State’s repatriation project manager, Cal State is working with the \u003ca href=\"https://nahc.ca.gov/\">Native American Heritage Commission\u003c/a> to host virtual training for campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal State must adopt systemwide repatriation policies by July 1, 2025, and all campuses with collections must adopt campus-specific policies by July 1, 2026. The system will also have to submit yearly progress reports on its repatriation efforts starting in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the audit, repatriation efforts on some campuses have ramped up, said Cal State spokesperson Amy Bentley-Smith. Since June 2023, San Francisco State has returned cultural artifacts to four tribes. This year, Sacramento State transferred 66,686 cultural artifacts and 498 ancestral remains to local tribes. In August, Chico State conducted the second-largest repatriation since 1990, repatriating 532 remains and 87,935 cultural items. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970930\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06.jpg\" alt=\"Native American pottery and bundles of sage are pictured.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copal incense burns in a holder at the California Native American Day celebration at the state Capitol on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In October, UC Berkeley filed a report with the federal registrar, the first step to make available 4,400 Native remains and 25,000 Native cultural items for repatriation to California tribes. Once completed, it will be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/31/2023-23975/notice-of-inventory-completion-university-of-california-berkeley-berkeley-ca\">largest repatriation\u003c/a> for the campus, which once had \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/berkeley-steps-to-largest-repatriation\">11,000 Native ancestral remains\u003c/a>. [aside postID=news_11956856 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67156_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“Tribal knowledge is key to repatriation, and we are so grateful to our tribal partners for working closely with us during this process,” UC Berkeley repatriation coordinator Alex Lucas wrote in a statement to CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Johnny Hernandez, the vice chairman of the San Juan Nation in California, repatriation is more than a legal procedure — it’s a matter of reuniting family members with their tribes after decades apart. Invited by Ramos to speak alongside other tribal leaders at a California State Assembly hearing on Aug. 29, Hernandez underscored the importance of allowing Native ancestors to finally rest in peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a disturbance of grave sites on ancestral lands and remains of loved ones, our ancestors, being held without the opportunity to eternally rest in peace,” Hernandez said. “Imagine if it was your family, your ancestors, and their belongings that you hold near and dear that are owned and used under the guise of an artifact on display for the public’s learnings and teachings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State audits reveal the University of California and California State University failed to comply with laws mandating the repatriation of Native ancestral remains and artifacts. UCLA and Cal State Long Beach stand out, having returned most collections to local tribes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1703641634,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16206456/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":2629},"headData":{"title":"California Urges Universities to Return Native American Remains and Artifacts | KQED","description":"State audits reveal the University of California and California State University failed to comply with laws mandating the repatriation of Native ancestral remains and artifacts. UCLA and Cal State Long Beach stand out, having returned most collections to local tribes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Urges Universities to Return Native American Remains and Artifacts","datePublished":"2023-12-26T22:00:55.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-27T01:47:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Amelia Wu and Helena San Roque","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11970846/california-urges-universities-to-return-native-american-remains-and-artifacts","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When San José State anthropology professor Elizabeth Weiss tweeted a picture to celebrate returning to campus in September 2021, it caught the attention of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/james-ramos-1967/\">Assemblymember James Ramos\u003c/a>, a Democrat from San Bernardino and the Legislature’s first and only Native American member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So happy to be back with some old friends,” read the caption of Weiss’ tweet, which included a photo of her holding the skull of a Native ancestor in front of boxes of other remains. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Now that I’m in the state Legislature, we have a stronger voice to ensure that people truly understand that this is something that needs to get done.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Assemblymember James Ramos, D-San Bernardino","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For Ramos, a member of the San Manuel Indian Reservation’s Serrano/Cahuilla tribe, the caption was an example of the lack of respect for Native history in California. The boxes in the photograph’s background were a reminder of the vast collections of Native remains and artifacts still being held illegally in California’s public university systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The post prompted Ramos to request an audit of the California State University’s repatriation progress — the act of institutions giving back remains and artifacts to Native tribes as required by state and federal laws passed as far back as three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To find that we’re still in the year 2023 and that hasn’t happened is really daunting to find out how we move forward,” Ramos said. “But now that I’m in the state Legislature, we have a stronger voice to ensure that people truly understand that this is something that needs to get done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"https://auditor.ca.gov/reports/2022-107/index.html#section3\">Cal State audit\u003c/a> was published in June 2023, results were similar to an audit of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/2019-047/summary.html\">University of California\u003c/a> conducted three years prior — a lack of policies, urgency and staffing meant neither system complied with the California Native American Graves Protection Act of 2001 or the federal Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal State campuses collectively returned only 6% of the 698,000 Native remains and artifacts to local tribes. UC campuses collectively returned around 35% of 17,000 human remains as of October 2023, according to UC spokesperson Stett Holbrook, with an additional 30% in the process of being returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two campuses stand out among their peers, however. UCLA has returned 96% of its 58,200 items, while Cal State Long Beach has given back 70% of its 9,000 items, the only campuses in their respective systems to return a majority of remains and artifacts to Native tribes. Strong Native American voices, along with allies in campus leadership and academic departments, were factors that allowed both universities to lead their systems in repatriation progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/16206456/embed?auto=1\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/pdfs/reports/2019-047.pdf\">state audit\u003c/a> of the UC system, university officials released \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucop.edu/research-policy-analysis-coordination/policies-guidance/curation-and-repatriation/index.html\">new policies\u003c/a> governing repatriation efforts in December 2021. The six UC campuses with collections of more than 100 items are now required to have a full-time repatriation coordinator. UC also required campuses to submit budget proposals to fund the full return of their collections to tribes and add more tribal members to committees that review repatriation requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of June 2023, 12 of 21 Cal State campuses with collections subject to repatriation laws had yet to meet a 1995 federal deadline to complete an inventory of their collections, much less return remains or artifacts. Since the audit, Cal State has opened nominations for a new systemwide repatriation committee that aims for majority representation from Native American tribes, giving preference to California Indian tribal members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970926\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970926\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02.jpg\" alt=\"Photos of Native American history.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-800x252.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-1020x321.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-160x50.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-1536x483.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative02-1920x604.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A display of photos at the CSU Long Beach campus from gatherings in which the Tongva community launched a Southern California Indian sewn plank canoe (ti’at) along with a Chumash sewn plank canoe (tomol). Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>( Julie A. Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB389\">Assembly Bill 389,\u003c/a> introduced by Ramos and signed into law in October, requires Cal State campuses to fund the full expense of returning their collections, including full-time coordinators. The law also shifts the system’s relationship with Native remains and artifacts by prohibiting their use for teaching or research, a win for tribes who have accused universities in California of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/07/native-american-tribes-clash-with-uc-over-bones-of-their-ancestors/\">delaying repatriation\u003c/a> so professors can continue their research. The law amounts to a major overhaul of the system’s repatriation process, ensuring funding shortfalls and research priorities no longer stall efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San José State, Weiss will resign effective May 29, 2024, as part of a settlement after she sued the university for barring her access to the campus’ skeletal collection following her post. The campus holds around 500 Native remains and 5,000 cultural items and completed its first repatriation of two remains and two cultural items to the Central Valley Yokuts tribe in March 2020, according to the audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I have said many times before, there is nothing wrong or controversial about this photo or the tweet,” Weiss wrote in a statement to CalMatters. “The photo shows my true love and respect for anthropology and the skeletal remains that make it possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How UCLA returned nearly all remains and artifacts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When the state auditor reviewed the UC’s progress, UCLA stood out. Between 1996 and 2022, UCLA returned nearly its entire collection of Native remains and artifacts through \u003ca href=\"https://www3.research.ucla.edu/nagpra/collections\">127 repatriations\u003c/a> to tribes in California, Arizona, Hawaii and Utah. Most items in the university’s collections were unearthed during university and government construction projects, according to Sylvia Forni, director of UCLA’s Fowler Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t do anything special at UCLA that isn’t supposed to be done legally at other UCs and Cal States,” said Michael Chavez, who started as UCLA’s archaeological collections manager and repatriation coordinator this year. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We don’t decide for the tribe. We work in collaboration with the tribe and strongly defer to their opinion and position.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Michael Chavez, archaeological collections manager and repatriation coordinator, UCLA","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chavez, a Native member of the Tongva of the Los Angeles Basin, applauded a 2020 revision to the state’s repatriation law making it easier for non-federally recognized tribes to reclaim their ancestors and artifacts. He said his work largely involves listening to local tribes, federally recognized or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t decide for the tribe,” Chavez said. “We work in collaboration with the tribe and strongly defer to their opinion and position.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez credits the university’s 2020 audit results to the impact of his predecessor, former coordinator Dr. Wendy Teeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[She] didn’t allow any obstacles to get in her way in the pursuit of repatriation,” Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite limited funding and her multiple roles as a lecturer in American Indian Studies, a member of the UC’s Native American Advisory Committee and curator at the Fowler Museum, Teeter established a culture of welcoming Native communities during her 25 years on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just broadened it to be more reciprocal in nature and more understanding that they had a lot to share with us, and we had a lot to share with them,” Teeter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970927\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11970927\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-1020x1275.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a green T-shirt is pictured outdoors with trees behind her.\" width=\"640\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative03.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Wendy G. Teeter, former lecturer of American Indian Studies at UCLA and Senior Curator of Archeology, Fowler Museum at UCLA, on Dec. 15, 2023. \u003ccite>(Julie A. Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond consulting with tribes on repatriation efforts, Teeter said Anthropology and American Indian Studies faculty assisted efforts by leading listening sessions and campus tours to strengthen relationships between the tribes and campus community. Having allies across academic departments was another key to UCLA’s success, according to Teeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before campuses were required to estimate and fund the full cost of repatriation, Teeter said the vice chancellor of research would review funding requests to support her work, annually providing about $60,000 from federal grants. Teeter is hopeful new policies at UC and Cal State will lead to sustainable funding for returning remains and artifacts to their tribal homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since retiring from UCLA last year, Teeter now works with the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians as an archaeologist, where she reviews development projects and mediates between the developer and the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forni, Teeter’s successor at the Fowler Museum, said she’s committed to finishing the work led by Teeter and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think, at this point, [it] is 99% done,” Forni said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cal State Long Beach ‘a sacred site’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://home.csulb.edu/~eruyle/puvudoc_0000_about.html\">Puvuu’nga\u003c/a>, the Native village that Cal State Long Beach occupies, is also a sacred site used for rituals and burials that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/native-american-sacred-land-on-csu-long-beach-campus-should-be-permanently-protected/\">connect tribes\u003c/a> in Southern California and beyond. Since 1990, Cal State Long Beach returned 275 ancestral remains and 6,059 cultural items to three of the tribes local to campus, according to the June 2023 audit. The university is the only Cal State campus to have transferred the majority of its collection, at 70%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in 1968, the American Indian Studies program at Cal State Long Beach is the oldest in California. Native history is central to the campus’ identity, unlike other institutions, said Dr. Craig Stone, professor emeritus of American Indian Studies and the former provost designee for Cal State Long Beach’s repatriation committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land the university occupies has ties to \u003ca href=\"https://www.csulb.edu/university-relations-and-development/tribal-relations/consultation\">more than 20 tribes \u003c/a>from the Gabrielino, Acjachemen, Luiseño, and Cahuilla bands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970928\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of three individuals are pictured: two men and one woman. All have serious faces as they stand in front of a wall full of bookshelves that have various Native American artifacts and books on it.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative04-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Cindi Alvitre, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Coordinator, Craig Stone, Professor Emeritus and Director of American Indian Studies, and Luis Robles, Chair of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Committee. at CSU Long Beach on. Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Julie A. Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a sacred site, not just to the Tongva, Gabrielino people. This is a sacred site to anyone who’s been influenced by the Chingichnish spiritual philosophy,” Stone said. \u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/gx41mn02g\">Chingichnish\u003c/a> describes a deity and religion followed by Native tribes throughout Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus began repatriating the remains of Native ancestors long before the 1990 federal repatriation law, Stone said. Skeletal remains of ancestors \u003ca href=\"https://www.presstelegram.com/2016/09/22/ceremony-memorializes-reburial-of-indigenous-peoples-remains-at-cal-state-long-beach/\">found on campus\u003c/a> during construction projects were given proper reburial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We interred in 1979,” Stone said. “So this is a commitment that people have heard of, know about, care about, and know when the law came into being, ‘Oh, yeah, we did that back in 1979.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal State Long Beach student in the ‘70s, Stone was one of 10 people on the student council who approached then-President Steven Thorn about the \u003ca href=\"https://cla.csulb.edu/departments/americanindianstudies/ancestors-final-journey-home/\">skeletal remains\u003c/a> of a Gabrielino ancestor unearthed near the university during the construction of a sprinkler system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went down there, and we were gonna demand this, and as soon as we got to the office, he was like, ‘What’s going on guys? Let’s fix this, let’s review this ancestor,’” Stone said. “Which was interesting because people are not interested in fixing anything, so he was an ally right off the bat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970929\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05.jpg\" alt=\"Native American women in traditions clothing and headwear are pictured.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative05-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. UCR Powwow Princess 2023-24, Tishmal Herrera, dances at a performance during Native American Celebration Day at the state Capitol in Sacramento on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal State Long Beach would go on to have more allies — including Professor Emeritus Marcus Young Owl, who was Stone’s colleague for decades and a current member of the Cal State Long Beach repatriation committee representing the anthropology department. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’m actually proud of the fact that the anthropology department was so willing to participate and have good relations with American Indian Studies.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Young Owl, professor emeritus, Cal State Long Beach","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Young Owl, who describes himself as of Ojibwe descent, was a student and a founding member of the campus Indian Youth Council in December 1968. He started working as a faculty member teaching anthropology in 1987, replacing a professor who disagreed with repatriation, Young Owl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m actually proud of the fact that the anthropology department was so willing to participate and have good relations with American Indian Studies,” Young Owl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repatriation process has been slow for the remaining 30% of the university’s collection. Stone attributes this to the previous lack of funding for a full-time repatriation coordinator and the months-long work of sifting through buckets of dirt and bones to identify ancestral remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lack of funding for staff was a main issue cited in the audit of Cal State. Of the 23 campuses in the Cal State system, 10 reported a lack of sufficient funding to support the responsibilities that fall under federal and state laws, according to the audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The work of repatriation continues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like UC before it, Cal State is now taking nominations until Feb. 2 to fill repatriation committees on campuses and statewide. Led by Adriane Tafoya, Cal State’s repatriation project manager, Cal State is working with the \u003ca href=\"https://nahc.ca.gov/\">Native American Heritage Commission\u003c/a> to host virtual training for campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal State must adopt systemwide repatriation policies by July 1, 2025, and all campuses with collections must adopt campus-specific policies by July 1, 2026. The system will also have to submit yearly progress reports on its repatriation efforts starting in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the audit, repatriation efforts on some campuses have ramped up, said Cal State spokesperson Amy Bentley-Smith. Since June 2023, San Francisco State has returned cultural artifacts to four tribes. This year, Sacramento State transferred 66,686 cultural artifacts and 498 ancestral remains to local tribes. In August, Chico State conducted the second-largest repatriation since 1990, repatriating 532 remains and 87,935 cultural items. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970930\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06.jpg\" alt=\"Native American pottery and bundles of sage are pictured.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/CMNative06-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copal incense burns in a holder at the California Native American Day celebration at the state Capitol on Sept. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Miguel Gutierrez Jr./CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In October, UC Berkeley filed a report with the federal registrar, the first step to make available 4,400 Native remains and 25,000 Native cultural items for repatriation to California tribes. Once completed, it will be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/31/2023-23975/notice-of-inventory-completion-university-of-california-berkeley-berkeley-ca\">largest repatriation\u003c/a> for the campus, which once had \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/berkeley-steps-to-largest-repatriation\">11,000 Native ancestral remains\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11956856","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67156_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Tribal knowledge is key to repatriation, and we are so grateful to our tribal partners for working closely with us during this process,” UC Berkeley repatriation coordinator Alex Lucas wrote in a statement to CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Johnny Hernandez, the vice chairman of the San Juan Nation in California, repatriation is more than a legal procedure — it’s a matter of reuniting family members with their tribes after decades apart. Invited by Ramos to speak alongside other tribal leaders at a California State Assembly hearing on Aug. 29, Hernandez underscored the importance of allowing Native ancestors to finally rest in peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a disturbance of grave sites on ancestral lands and remains of loved ones, our ancestors, being held without the opportunity to eternally rest in peace,” Hernandez said. “Imagine if it was your family, your ancestors, and their belongings that you hold near and dear that are owned and used under the guise of an artifact on display for the public’s learnings and teachings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11970846/california-urges-universities-to-return-native-american-remains-and-artifacts","authors":["byline_news_11970846"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_20397","news_18738","news_20013","news_27626","news_30881","news_1262","news_2792"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11970925","label":"source_news_11970846"},"news_11967974":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11967974","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11967974","score":null,"sort":[1700753415000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"native-american-voters-sometimes-overlooked-by-campaigns-could-decide-major-contests-in-2024","title":"Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024","publishDate":1700753415,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024 | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Grassroots efforts to get Native American voters to turn in their ballots for the 2024 election are in motion across swing states as Democrats and Republicans are both vying for power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are predicted to be at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncai.org/about-tribes/demographics\">5 million Native and Alaska Native-identifying\u003c/a> voters in the U.S. in both rural and urban communities, according to the U.S. Census Bureau — although those estimates are expected to be an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins,” said Jacqueline De León, a senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund, adding that she sees the potential for Native voters to decide elections where the population of Native Americans is bigger than the vote differentials that decide those races.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jacqueline De León, senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund\"]‘Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins.’[/pullquote]There are some challenges ahead. Native voting activists have filed several lawsuits aimed at challenging laws and efforts that would limit access to voting for Indigenous people, De León said. These include laws that limit poll availability, identification card barriers and issues with mail-in ballots on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanging in the balance is control of the House, Senate and the Oval Office in 2024. In a country in which turnout can make or break campaigns, organizers said courting Native voters can dictate a candidate’s success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers argue Native voters are increasingly a coalition to watch, even if parties have not fully recognized them yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both political parties have been really negligent when it comes to the Native American vote,” De León said. “Often there is an unfamiliarity. There’s a fear of approaching Native communities that may seem unapproachable or there’s uncertainty over how to approach Native communities. And so there just hasn’t been an investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have been successful, advocates said, are those who use traditional organizing and voter mobilization tactics, especially among the rural Native coalitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural America broadly, but especially rural Indian country, still operates very importantly, on relationships, on handshakes. … And that’s how voters gain confidence, either in an individual running or a ballot initiative or any sort of change to policy or election requires that kind of investment in it,” said Ta’jin Perez, deputy director for Western Native Voice. “It takes energy, it takes time, it takes funding resources. But it’s worth it, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some states where Native voters could significantly impact the 2024 races for Congress, the Senate and the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alaska\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska is home to over 200 federally and non-federally recognized tribes, with American Indian and Alaskan Natives making up at least 22% of the state’s population. The communities have been credited with helping Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Democrat Rep. Mary Peltola\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/06/us/politics/indigenous-voters-influence.html\"> win their respective elections\u003c/a>, according to the Native American Rights Fund’s De León.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Native vote is expected to continue to be critically important to Alaska,” De León said, noting that the vote margins for both candidates showed turnout among these communities made a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Native American Rights Fund has pending litigation in Alaska, however, that alleges ballots coming from Alaska Native communities are rejected at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktoo.org/2022/08/25/civil-rights-groups-sue-state-over-ballots-rejected-in-alaskas-mail-in-primary/\">much higher rates than other communities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a flux of political power, we usually also see a corresponding backlash that makes attempts to make it more difficult to vote as well,” she explained of the legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arizona\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://statemuseum.arizona.edu/native-nations-arizona\">22 federally recognized \u003c/a>Native nations within Arizona’s state borders. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/AZ/PST045222\">U.S. Census estimates\u003c/a> that more than 6% of the state’s population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a swing state like Arizona, where only a few thousand votes can make the difference, voting advocates say political parties need to recognize Native voters’ power.[aside label=\"more 2024 election coverage\" tag=\"election-2024\"]“American Indian voters have arguably been the deciding factor in recent elections,” said Alexander Castillo-Nunez, civic engagement coordinator at the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. But he said some challenges still persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voter turnout on tribal lands in Arizona \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-flagstaff-arizona-voting-rights-fa452fbd546fa00535679d78ac40b890\">helped President Biden\u003c/a> secure a win in 2020, the first Democrat to win the state in more than two decades. Native Americans also turned out in large numbers during the 2022 midterms, according to Castillo-Nunez, helping Democratic Gov. Katie Hobbs secure a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polling locations can be up to 100 miles round trip for some voters, there are language barriers to overcome and organizers want to ensure poll workers are trained to recognize tribal identification cards. While he said some Native voters in Arizona tend to lean Democrat, many register later as independent and most want to see follow-through from elected officials beyond the campaign trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Michigan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Michigan flipped from Donald Trump to Biden in 2020. Native voting advocates said that Indigenous turnout is what \u003ca href=\"https://www.michiganradio.org/politics-government/2020-11-11/often-overlooked-native-american-voters-poised-to-become-powerful-voting-bloc-in-michigan\">helped strengthen Democratic strongholds\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://vote.narf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/obstacles_voter_impact_summary.pdf\">Native American Rights Fund argues\u003c/a> that with more than 100,000 Native people eligible to vote in the state, the population is four times the size of the margin of victory for Trump in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori McGeshick, the first Indigenous organizer for We the People Michigan Action Fund, has been working to connect Indigenous communities with politics. She sees outreach to Native communities as a continual work in progress, even for her organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times Indigenous peoples just don’t have the means to get out and vote, whether it be transportation or being able to get an ID, and then not to mention we’re also in a very rural area. So when people are expected to travel, it’s not like it’s just down the road,” McGeshick said, adding that she has done a lot of tabling at powwows and local grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are now starting to understand who their local representatives are, who their representatives are for the district or their congressional representatives. And it’s starting to engage more leaders in the community to be active,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Montana\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 2020 Census estimated that Montana’s Native population is more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/montana-population-change-between-census-decade.html\"> 1 million people\u003c/a>. Just over 9% of the state identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native. While Montana is considered a Republican stronghold for the presidential race, voters in the state will be facing a potential swing election in the race for the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incumbent Democratic \u003ca href=\"https://www.charkoosta.com/news/native-american-voters-heavily-influence-election-results/article_4d66ccc8-e852-11e8-8b79-5bac5470260c.html#:~:text=Native%20voter%20turnout%20was%20high%20and%20I%20am%20humbled%20by%20the%20support%20I%20received%20from%20Montana%E2%80%99s%20Native%20people%2C\">Sen. Jon Tester thanked Native voters\u003c/a> for helping him win in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last time Sen. Tester ran for the Senate, his election was secure because of the Native vote,” said Perez of Western Native Voice out of Billings, Montana. “On election night, before I went to bed and before all of the Native precincts started reporting fully, it looked like a loss for Tester. But by morning, after the Native precincts reported completely, the victory was Tester’s.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ta'jin Perez, deputy director of Western Native Voice\"]‘If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person. They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.’[/pullquote]“Western Native Voice, according to Perez, is already working on voter registration efforts — initiatives they usually don’t begin this far ahead of an election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Native voters in Montana] have the ability to really determine the balance of power in the Senate,” Perez said, adding that it is particularly impactful for those living on reservations where federal funding directly impacts the services available. But it is still not quite a shoo-in for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would go as far as to say that the Democratic Party assumed that there would be just robust automatic turnout for them. But there were some races [in 2022] that were closer than what was expected,” Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the key here is turnout and ensuring that candidates and parties make a direct connection with voters and inform them of upcoming elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person,” Perez said. “They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nevada\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The more than 62,000 Indigenous people living in Nevada, who generally account for 3.5% of the state’s population, have been credited with helping Democrats secure wins in recent elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that Native American voters in what is now the state of Nevada are voting in bigger numbers,” said Stacey Montooth, executive director of the Nevada Indian Commission, a state agency. “There are thousands and thousands of Native Americans who want to be involved in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montooth said that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c8455877e48f464abf9f8d85e6885065/US-judge-sides-with-Nevada-tribes-in-voting-rights-case\">as a result of lawsuits\u003c/a>, there are services in the state that make it easier for Indigenous voters to vote including laws requiring any voting services available to Nevadans generally be available on tribal land as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes such a huge difference when our elders don’t have to drive 90 miles to cast their ballot,” Montooth said. “They can go to their senior center or give their completed ballot to a tribal health care worker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Voting is Local, a voting rights group with a Nevada chapter, pointed to an increase in Native American turnout rates in 2020 compared to 2016 as a reason why mail-in ballot efforts from the pandemic should be expanded and made permanent. The\u003ca href=\"https://lasvegassun.com/news/2022/jan/01/expanded-mail-in-voting-laws-taking-effect-nevada/\"> measure was passed\u003c/a> ahead of the 2022 midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have more eligible voters than all but two counties in the state. … But when Indian Country in the Great Basin, when we galvanize, we have a lot of political clout,” Montooth said. “I always love to hear that Nevada is influential when it comes to national politics. But my heart is warmed because I know the original caretakers of this land — we have something to do with that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>North Carolina\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Around\u003ca href=\"https://www.osbm.nc.gov/blog/2021/11/10/native-american-population-sees-notable-increase-2020-census#:~:text=Statewide%2C%203%25%20of%20the%20population,state%20and%20county%20population%20data.\"> 3% of North Carolina’s population\u003c/a> identifies as Native American or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the Lumbee Tribe, which is state-recognized but,\u003ca href=\"https://ncadmin.nc.gov/divisions/american-indian-affairs/nc-tribes#:~:text=Lumbee%20Tribe%20of%20North%20Carolina,ninth%20largest%20in%20the%20nation.\"> unlike 574 tribes across the country, is not fully federally recognized\u003c/a>. The tribe, concentrated in the southeast portion of the North Carolina around Robeson County, has notably grown more conservative in recent presidential elections, voting Democrat until 2016, when it flipped for Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2022/08/23/american-indian-recognition-chinook-lumbee-00053331\">who supported its federal recognition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“North Carolina has a very active Native caucus that’s a very large Native electorate,” said Judith LeBlanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance, adding that while Indigenous voters could trend Democrat, they also will vote Republican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s campaign is already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/28/1178452256/biden-north-carolina-2024\">investing in the state\u003c/a> generally, three years after he lost it by just \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/929743730/north-carolina-live-election-results-2020\">under 75,000 votes\u003c/a>. Some say that the Democratic party took the Native vote for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1185826401/rural-voters-lean-red-young-voters-lean-blue-so-whats-a-young-rural-voter-to-do\">granted in the last election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eastern Band of Cherokees is the only federally recognized tribe within North Carolina. It has about 16,000 members. Although the district where the tribe is located is primarily Republican, tribal members have also been known to vote for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t ignore the Cherokee vote,” warned Wilson Pipestem, counsel to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. “Both parties need to reach out to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and let us know what you stand for. And we want to hear from you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wisconsin\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin is another key state that helped deliver Biden a win after voting for Trump in 2016. There, 2.5% of the population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin Native voters, like in other aforementioned states, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/articles/indigenous-affairs-how-indigenous-voters-swung-the-2020-election#:~:text=Wisconsin%2C%20a%20closely%20watched%20swing%20state%2C%20went%20narrowly%20for%20Biden%20by%C2%A0around%2020%2C500%20votes.\">are credited with helping deliver Biden a win in 2020 along tight margins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote, boasts increasing voter turnout across the 11 federally recognized tribes in the state and said she noticed an increased interest in the electoral process.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote\"]‘There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before.’[/pullquote]“There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before,” Sweet said. The pandemic, which overlapped with the 2020 presidential election, also offered new opportunities to connect with communities and get people involved with mask-making, phone banks and general check-ins while promoting voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers point to Wisconsin, as well as other Midwestern swing states like Michigan, as a place where political parties need to recognize urban Native voters in addition to rural voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweet noted most \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/american-indianalaska-native-health#:~:text=60%20percent%20of%20American%20Indians%20and%20Alaska%20Natives%20live%20in%20metropolitan%20areas%2C\">Natives live in urban communities nationally\u003c/a>. In Wisconsin, the majority are in Milwaukee. Historic barriers to voting, Sweet said, can keep Native voters out of the process regardless of where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can always improve when we’re looking at a population of folks who have a historic sense of indifference or reject the process of voting in the United States,” Sweet said. “So it’s really important for us to recognize the contemporary barriers to voting and to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+overlooked+by+campaigns%2C+Native+voters+could+decide+major+elections+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":" A voting bloc that hasn't gotten as much national attention, Native voters are an influential constituency in multiple swing states, making them a group to watch in 2024.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700685712,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":48,"wordCount":2361},"headData":{"title":"Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024 | KQED","description":" A voting bloc that hasn't gotten as much national attention, Native voters are an influential constituency in multiple swing states, making them a group to watch in 2024.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024","datePublished":"2023-11-23T15:30:15.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-22T20:41:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprImageCredit":"Chandan Khanna","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1101057193/ximena-bustillo\">Ximena Bustillo\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AFP via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1213525361","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1213525361&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213525361/native-voters-influence-2024-elections-arizona-montana-wisconsin?ft=nprml&f=1213525361","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 20 Nov 2023 10:43:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 20 Nov 2023 05:00:44 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 20 Nov 2023 10:43:04 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11967974/native-american-voters-sometimes-overlooked-by-campaigns-could-decide-major-contests-in-2024","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Grassroots efforts to get Native American voters to turn in their ballots for the 2024 election are in motion across swing states as Democrats and Republicans are both vying for power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are predicted to be at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncai.org/about-tribes/demographics\">5 million Native and Alaska Native-identifying\u003c/a> voters in the U.S. in both rural and urban communities, according to the U.S. Census Bureau — although those estimates are expected to be an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins,” said Jacqueline De León, a senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund, adding that she sees the potential for Native voters to decide elections where the population of Native Americans is bigger than the vote differentials that decide those races.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Jacqueline De León, senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There are some challenges ahead. Native voting activists have filed several lawsuits aimed at challenging laws and efforts that would limit access to voting for Indigenous people, De León said. These include laws that limit poll availability, identification card barriers and issues with mail-in ballots on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanging in the balance is control of the House, Senate and the Oval Office in 2024. In a country in which turnout can make or break campaigns, organizers said courting Native voters can dictate a candidate’s success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers argue Native voters are increasingly a coalition to watch, even if parties have not fully recognized them yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both political parties have been really negligent when it comes to the Native American vote,” De León said. “Often there is an unfamiliarity. There’s a fear of approaching Native communities that may seem unapproachable or there’s uncertainty over how to approach Native communities. And so there just hasn’t been an investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have been successful, advocates said, are those who use traditional organizing and voter mobilization tactics, especially among the rural Native coalitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural America broadly, but especially rural Indian country, still operates very importantly, on relationships, on handshakes. … And that’s how voters gain confidence, either in an individual running or a ballot initiative or any sort of change to policy or election requires that kind of investment in it,” said Ta’jin Perez, deputy director for Western Native Voice. “It takes energy, it takes time, it takes funding resources. But it’s worth it, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some states where Native voters could significantly impact the 2024 races for Congress, the Senate and the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alaska\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska is home to over 200 federally and non-federally recognized tribes, with American Indian and Alaskan Natives making up at least 22% of the state’s population. The communities have been credited with helping Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Democrat Rep. Mary Peltola\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/06/us/politics/indigenous-voters-influence.html\"> win their respective elections\u003c/a>, according to the Native American Rights Fund’s De León.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Native vote is expected to continue to be critically important to Alaska,” De León said, noting that the vote margins for both candidates showed turnout among these communities made a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Native American Rights Fund has pending litigation in Alaska, however, that alleges ballots coming from Alaska Native communities are rejected at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktoo.org/2022/08/25/civil-rights-groups-sue-state-over-ballots-rejected-in-alaskas-mail-in-primary/\">much higher rates than other communities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a flux of political power, we usually also see a corresponding backlash that makes attempts to make it more difficult to vote as well,” she explained of the legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arizona\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://statemuseum.arizona.edu/native-nations-arizona\">22 federally recognized \u003c/a>Native nations within Arizona’s state borders. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/AZ/PST045222\">U.S. Census estimates\u003c/a> that more than 6% of the state’s population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a swing state like Arizona, where only a few thousand votes can make the difference, voting advocates say political parties need to recognize Native voters’ power.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more 2024 election coverage ","tag":"election-2024"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“American Indian voters have arguably been the deciding factor in recent elections,” said Alexander Castillo-Nunez, civic engagement coordinator at the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. But he said some challenges still persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voter turnout on tribal lands in Arizona \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-flagstaff-arizona-voting-rights-fa452fbd546fa00535679d78ac40b890\">helped President Biden\u003c/a> secure a win in 2020, the first Democrat to win the state in more than two decades. Native Americans also turned out in large numbers during the 2022 midterms, according to Castillo-Nunez, helping Democratic Gov. Katie Hobbs secure a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polling locations can be up to 100 miles round trip for some voters, there are language barriers to overcome and organizers want to ensure poll workers are trained to recognize tribal identification cards. While he said some Native voters in Arizona tend to lean Democrat, many register later as independent and most want to see follow-through from elected officials beyond the campaign trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Michigan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Michigan flipped from Donald Trump to Biden in 2020. Native voting advocates said that Indigenous turnout is what \u003ca href=\"https://www.michiganradio.org/politics-government/2020-11-11/often-overlooked-native-american-voters-poised-to-become-powerful-voting-bloc-in-michigan\">helped strengthen Democratic strongholds\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://vote.narf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/obstacles_voter_impact_summary.pdf\">Native American Rights Fund argues\u003c/a> that with more than 100,000 Native people eligible to vote in the state, the population is four times the size of the margin of victory for Trump in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori McGeshick, the first Indigenous organizer for We the People Michigan Action Fund, has been working to connect Indigenous communities with politics. She sees outreach to Native communities as a continual work in progress, even for her organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times Indigenous peoples just don’t have the means to get out and vote, whether it be transportation or being able to get an ID, and then not to mention we’re also in a very rural area. So when people are expected to travel, it’s not like it’s just down the road,” McGeshick said, adding that she has done a lot of tabling at powwows and local grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are now starting to understand who their local representatives are, who their representatives are for the district or their congressional representatives. And it’s starting to engage more leaders in the community to be active,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Montana\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 2020 Census estimated that Montana’s Native population is more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/montana-population-change-between-census-decade.html\"> 1 million people\u003c/a>. Just over 9% of the state identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native. While Montana is considered a Republican stronghold for the presidential race, voters in the state will be facing a potential swing election in the race for the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incumbent Democratic \u003ca href=\"https://www.charkoosta.com/news/native-american-voters-heavily-influence-election-results/article_4d66ccc8-e852-11e8-8b79-5bac5470260c.html#:~:text=Native%20voter%20turnout%20was%20high%20and%20I%20am%20humbled%20by%20the%20support%20I%20received%20from%20Montana%E2%80%99s%20Native%20people%2C\">Sen. Jon Tester thanked Native voters\u003c/a> for helping him win in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last time Sen. Tester ran for the Senate, his election was secure because of the Native vote,” said Perez of Western Native Voice out of Billings, Montana. “On election night, before I went to bed and before all of the Native precincts started reporting fully, it looked like a loss for Tester. But by morning, after the Native precincts reported completely, the victory was Tester’s.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person. They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Ta'jin Perez, deputy director of Western Native Voice","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Western Native Voice, according to Perez, is already working on voter registration efforts — initiatives they usually don’t begin this far ahead of an election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Native voters in Montana] have the ability to really determine the balance of power in the Senate,” Perez said, adding that it is particularly impactful for those living on reservations where federal funding directly impacts the services available. But it is still not quite a shoo-in for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would go as far as to say that the Democratic Party assumed that there would be just robust automatic turnout for them. But there were some races [in 2022] that were closer than what was expected,” Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the key here is turnout and ensuring that candidates and parties make a direct connection with voters and inform them of upcoming elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person,” Perez said. “They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nevada\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The more than 62,000 Indigenous people living in Nevada, who generally account for 3.5% of the state’s population, have been credited with helping Democrats secure wins in recent elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that Native American voters in what is now the state of Nevada are voting in bigger numbers,” said Stacey Montooth, executive director of the Nevada Indian Commission, a state agency. “There are thousands and thousands of Native Americans who want to be involved in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montooth said that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c8455877e48f464abf9f8d85e6885065/US-judge-sides-with-Nevada-tribes-in-voting-rights-case\">as a result of lawsuits\u003c/a>, there are services in the state that make it easier for Indigenous voters to vote including laws requiring any voting services available to Nevadans generally be available on tribal land as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes such a huge difference when our elders don’t have to drive 90 miles to cast their ballot,” Montooth said. “They can go to their senior center or give their completed ballot to a tribal health care worker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Voting is Local, a voting rights group with a Nevada chapter, pointed to an increase in Native American turnout rates in 2020 compared to 2016 as a reason why mail-in ballot efforts from the pandemic should be expanded and made permanent. The\u003ca href=\"https://lasvegassun.com/news/2022/jan/01/expanded-mail-in-voting-laws-taking-effect-nevada/\"> measure was passed\u003c/a> ahead of the 2022 midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have more eligible voters than all but two counties in the state. … But when Indian Country in the Great Basin, when we galvanize, we have a lot of political clout,” Montooth said. “I always love to hear that Nevada is influential when it comes to national politics. But my heart is warmed because I know the original caretakers of this land — we have something to do with that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>North Carolina\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Around\u003ca href=\"https://www.osbm.nc.gov/blog/2021/11/10/native-american-population-sees-notable-increase-2020-census#:~:text=Statewide%2C%203%25%20of%20the%20population,state%20and%20county%20population%20data.\"> 3% of North Carolina’s population\u003c/a> identifies as Native American or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the Lumbee Tribe, which is state-recognized but,\u003ca href=\"https://ncadmin.nc.gov/divisions/american-indian-affairs/nc-tribes#:~:text=Lumbee%20Tribe%20of%20North%20Carolina,ninth%20largest%20in%20the%20nation.\"> unlike 574 tribes across the country, is not fully federally recognized\u003c/a>. The tribe, concentrated in the southeast portion of the North Carolina around Robeson County, has notably grown more conservative in recent presidential elections, voting Democrat until 2016, when it flipped for Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2022/08/23/american-indian-recognition-chinook-lumbee-00053331\">who supported its federal recognition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“North Carolina has a very active Native caucus that’s a very large Native electorate,” said Judith LeBlanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance, adding that while Indigenous voters could trend Democrat, they also will vote Republican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s campaign is already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/28/1178452256/biden-north-carolina-2024\">investing in the state\u003c/a> generally, three years after he lost it by just \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/929743730/north-carolina-live-election-results-2020\">under 75,000 votes\u003c/a>. Some say that the Democratic party took the Native vote for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1185826401/rural-voters-lean-red-young-voters-lean-blue-so-whats-a-young-rural-voter-to-do\">granted in the last election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eastern Band of Cherokees is the only federally recognized tribe within North Carolina. It has about 16,000 members. Although the district where the tribe is located is primarily Republican, tribal members have also been known to vote for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t ignore the Cherokee vote,” warned Wilson Pipestem, counsel to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. “Both parties need to reach out to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and let us know what you stand for. And we want to hear from you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wisconsin\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin is another key state that helped deliver Biden a win after voting for Trump in 2016. There, 2.5% of the population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin Native voters, like in other aforementioned states, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/articles/indigenous-affairs-how-indigenous-voters-swung-the-2020-election#:~:text=Wisconsin%2C%20a%20closely%20watched%20swing%20state%2C%20went%20narrowly%20for%20Biden%20by%C2%A0around%2020%2C500%20votes.\">are credited with helping deliver Biden a win in 2020 along tight margins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote, boasts increasing voter turnout across the 11 federally recognized tribes in the state and said she noticed an increased interest in the electoral process.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before,” Sweet said. The pandemic, which overlapped with the 2020 presidential election, also offered new opportunities to connect with communities and get people involved with mask-making, phone banks and general check-ins while promoting voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers point to Wisconsin, as well as other Midwestern swing states like Michigan, as a place where political parties need to recognize urban Native voters in addition to rural voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweet noted most \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/american-indianalaska-native-health#:~:text=60%20percent%20of%20American%20Indians%20and%20Alaska%20Natives%20live%20in%20metropolitan%20areas%2C\">Natives live in urban communities nationally\u003c/a>. In Wisconsin, the majority are in Milwaukee. Historic barriers to voting, Sweet said, can keep Native voters out of the process regardless of where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can always improve when we’re looking at a population of folks who have a historic sense of indifference or reject the process of voting in the United States,” Sweet said. “So it’s really important for us to recognize the contemporary barriers to voting and to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+overlooked+by+campaigns%2C+Native+voters+could+decide+major+elections+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11967974/native-american-voters-sometimes-overlooked-by-campaigns-could-decide-major-contests-in-2024","authors":["byline_news_11967974"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_33526","news_29755","news_32839","news_27626","news_33529","news_33525","news_1262","news_33527"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11967975","label":"news_253"},"news_11963890":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11963890","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11963890","score":null,"sort":[1697018446000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-untold-story-of-richard-oakes-killing-part-2","title":"The Untold Story of Richard Oakes' Killing, Part 2","publishDate":1697018446,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The Untold Story of Richard Oakes’ Killing, Part 2 | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 1972 killing of Richard Oakes, the face of the Red Power movement, still sticks with the people who worked on the case. The detective who was at the scene of the killing remembers feeling suspicious of Michael Morgan, the man who shot Oakes. The prosecutor remembers the holes in Morgan’s story that he shot Oakes in self-defense. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And yet, Morgan was acquitted of manslaughter charges. Today, they admit that the trial was botched.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Part 2 of our episode with \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> reporters Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone, we talk about missteps in the investigation into Oakes’ death, and how the justice system in Sonoma County was stacked against him.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963726/the-killing-of-richard-oakes-part-1-life-after-alcatraz\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Listen to Part 1 of this story about the killing of Richard Oakes.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Read\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2023/richard-oakes-killing/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the full story \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on Richard Oakes’ death in the San Francisco Chronicle.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6265142682\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra and welcome to the Bay. Local news to Keep You Rooted. When activist Richard Oakes was shot and killed in 1972 at the age of 30, he was well known for the famous occupation of Alcatraz that would kick off the native civil rights movement. The impact of his death is still felt today. Oakes His family has been traumatized and hasn’t felt like they’ve gotten closure. And Oakes, His legacy is largely unrecognized in mainstream American history. In our last episode, San Francisco Chronicle reporters Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone talked about what brought Richard Oakes to rural Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>We talked about Michael Morgan, the man who killed Richard, and we learned about FBI documents that have been kept secret for decades that show how local police goaded Michael Morgan into violence days before he pulled the trigger. If you haven’t listened to part one of this two part story, go back and do that first, because today we sit down with Julie and Jason again to bring you up to speed on the day that Michael Morgan shot and killed Richard Oakes. We hear from the investigator who was on the scene right after it happened and we discuss how the trial that followed was botched. Stay with us. Julie, what happens in their second encounter with one another? How do they meet again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>So they meet again because Richard was back on the road looking for a kid. Billy Lazor, He didn’t return home, but it turns out Michael Morgan caught Billy and another kid poking around one of the horse tack barns and essentially forces him into his car at gunpoint. And Billy later says this is during trial that Michael Morgan had threatened to blow his head off. So Morgan takes Billy back to the camp. He makes like a citizen’s arrest for attempted horse theft, calls the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Billy goes to jail. So it’s the next day and Richard’s out walking on Skaggs Springs Road looking for Billy. And he encounters Michael Morgan, who had just walked up to the road. He had been shoeing horses. So they’re both standing there. They’re maybe ten feet, 20 feet apart from each other, and they talk. It’s actually for a while, maybe two or 3 minutes. And then Morgan takes out a pistol and shoots Richard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Michael Morgan fired one shot from a concealed pistol that struck Richard Oaks in the heart, killing him instantly. When an investigator showed up at the scene, Morgan said that Oaks took him by surprise from behind the trees, asked him what happened to the boy, and then threatened to kill him. Morgan claimed that Oakes crouched down and lunged forward, at which point Morgan, fearing for his life, shot oaks in self-defense. But the investigator wasn’t so sure about this story. And I know you actually spoke with the detective, Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt. Did this detective buy Morgan’s version of events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Butch is a really seasoned homicide detective. He’d worked a lot of really serious cases. And so, you know, he shows up to the scene, they actually fly there in a helicopter, and he talks to Morgan. And when he got to the scene, he saw that Richard was laying on his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>Richard had no weapons on him at all, nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>That he was ten, maybe 20 feet away from. Morgan said he was standing. And that just didn’t make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>I went over across that bank over there because there was the exit wound on him. And I found that bullet. The bullet from the gun I found right over there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>But I thought, well, if he was lunging toward you, wouldn’t he fall forward when he was shot? Butch recalled something else at the scene that really stuck with him for 50 years. And that’s Morgan’s demeanor. So Morgan gave a statement. They had him write it out. They were preparing that paperwork on the side of the road. And Morgan asked him, Butch remembered, Can I go home now? And Butch thought that was strange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>He thought he was going to just be released and nothing happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, most people, when you’ve just killed someone, you’re distraught or even if you’re calm, it’s unusual for someone to assume they can just go home, that it’s over. And so his suspicion began from there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>You can’t shoot somebody and not face consequences. You’ve got to be a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Butch. Carlstedt wasn’t actually the only one, right, who was suspicious of Morgan’s account. As I understand it, the deputy D.A., Edward Krug, seemed to agree that something was off, too. Right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>It’s the crew of the story that Morgan was telling just did not add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>Morgan was there. I think he was in a more wrongful way than Richard Oakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Morgan Central claim was he shot Richard Oakes in a moment of panic, an overwhelming fear that he was about to die. But the picture painted by the evidence is just not a picture of someone who is credibly afraid for their own life. At the moment, the shot is fired. It’s a picture of that’s much calmer. That’s much more about choice. The shot was fired from at least ten feet away. So it’s not like there was any moment of hand-to-hand combat. Richard was always unarmed. Morgan always had a concealed pistol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>He went there with a gun. He had the advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>A bit later, Crook was able to speak with a man who had been visiting the YMCA camp in the days before the killing. He was having coffee with Morgan. He asked, Is it hunting season for anything? He said that, Morgan replied. It was hunting season for coons, foxes and Indians. And this visitor said that. The conversation went on. Morgan continued to talk about Oakes and how much he didn’t like. Richard Oakes said that Morgan called Oakes half crazy and said that he would be better off dead. That’s five days before the killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Well, let’s talk about the trial of Michael Morgan. Jason, how does the DA’s office go about charging Morgan, given their skepticism of his account of what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Initially, the DA’s office wanted to charge him with murder, but they ran into some resistance from a county judge. This judge was very dismissive of the idea that it could have been murder, and he tossed out the possibility of a murder charge. I think the other thing is that they were really worried about the kind of jury that they would get. Could you talk to us about this a lot?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>My concern was picking a jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>You knew that in 1972, 1973, in Sonoma County, it was probably gonna be an all white jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>I said, there’s a white all white jury here. I didn’t think that was fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>He just couldn’t be sure that a white jury would convict a white defendant for murdering a native person, any native person, but particularly a native person like Richard Oaks, who because of his prominence and because of his protest in the county, he had he had become perceived as scary and threatening to some people in the county at the time. And Krug thought a lot about that, and he worried about it. And it it sort of determined the shape of their strategy in a lot of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>How did prosecutors argue the case?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>So it ended up being a trial for manslaughter, both involuntary, voluntary. To get a conviction, the prosecutors just had to show that his story about killing out of self-defense in this panic was was bogus. And the main way that they did that was by pointing out all of the contradictions between the physical evidence, the crime scene evidence, and Morgan’s own story that he told police that the evidence showed he was lying. Morgan took the stand in his own defense to cross-examine him and really kind of put the screws to him, to the point where Morgan even changed his story multiple times in court during the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>But there would have been another way to show that it was an unlawful killing. Right. Which is to talk about Morgan’s motive, to argue that he was motivated by racism. Right. So crew could have said this wasn’t about self-defense, this is about hatred. But to really do it effectively, he would have needed to put race and racism at the forefront of of the arguments, at the forefront of the trial and for other reasons that we that we already talked about his concerns about a jury, the environment in the country at the time. He he just didn’t do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And Julie, I know you you and Jason also talked with Krug about sort of his thoughts on how he went about arguing this case. And it sounded like he had some regrets. Is that right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Yeah, I think we were both really surprised at how quickly he admitted, you know, I think I screwed up. But he was also really frank with the challenges that he faced. And just to give you a little contrast, he was up against really experienced attorneys. Crew, I think, was four years into being a prosecutor. And Michael Morgan hired a really stellar defense team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>And yeah, the Berkeley Y put out the call. They found the two best Catholic defense attorneys in Sonoma County, literally the guys who ran the County Bar Association and helped judges get elected and were inextricably tied to the Democratic Party political machine in Sonoma County. He got the best attorneys in the business, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>And there was Kruh who was still pretty green, although he tried felony cases really early in his career. There were small things that he felt like he missed, like he realized at some point during the trial that he had neglected to get some of Richard’s clothing, including his pants analyzed. And, you know, if there were scuff marks on his knees, what does that say about the way that Richard maybe fell forward and then fell back? These details really haunted him 50 years later when he spoke about what he could have done to get the outcome that he really thought was just.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And, Julie, earlier we talked about these FBI witness statements that really, I think, reveal some of the racism that was really at play in this case. Does Krug and the DA’s office know about all these FBI statements that we talked about earlier? And do do they come up at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, I think they knew some of what the FBI was learning and they did not have the full report. I don’t believe they had the full picture. But Krug did know about what Mike Craver, a sheriff’s deputy, said and what witnesses corroborated, he said. One thing he said is that to put the deputy I understand all the deputy has to do is say, well, I don’t remember that. I didn’t say that. And a jury is really traditional even to this day. The jury juries want to believe police officers. Another thing that he worried about when thinking about bringing race into the center of the trial was whether he was willing or the county the DA’s office was willing to to portray a law enforcement officer as racist. That was really not his job. He felt, to make the public question law enforcement officers who are out there protecting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So much of that did not make it into the trial, it sounds like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Yeah, I think a lot of the most important things that happened in the six days before the killing were never aired during the trial of Michael Morgan. We now know that they happened because we have these documents, but at the time, the jury never heard about a lot of these things. And the public certainly didn’t hear about a lot of these things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And you both actually talked to some of these jurors, at least the ones who are still alive today. What do they remember of this trial?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Their memories of the trial, I think, were so telling. I spoke to two jurors and they both remembered how well the defense portrayed Michael Morgan as like just an American dad, nervous about his family, uncomfortable with this powerful figure who had kind of appeared and intruded upon his life. And, you know, I think they really identified with him as a family man. But in particular, one juror I spoke with, he also said things that frankly illuminated how much bias existed then and exists today toward indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>He said, Oh, I remember that Richard, you know, had children with all these different women and, you know, was shooting flaming arrows toward the camp. Well, that is just like a complete fabrication. And none of that was presented at trial. None of that actually happened. I don’t know why he has those memories, but I can only imagine that that is the kind of lens that these jurors had, based on whatever was in the movie, is portraying Native Americans at the time of what kind of person had been killed in this situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So, Jason, what did jurors ultimately decide?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>They acquitted Morgan on both of the manslaughter counts. Not guilty verdicts, took them about three days and that was it. Morgan was set free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Coming up, we hear from Richard Oakes, his family, and how his legacy still lives on today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What about Richard Oakes, his family? Julie, how do they talk about the impact of his killing? I know you actually spoke with his daughter recently, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Fawn Oaks is Richard’s youngest daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fawn Oakes: \u003c/strong>My mom never talked about him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>She’s now 53 years old and she was a toddler when he was killed. And she was actually present on September 14th when Michael Morgan fired the warning shot above Richard’s head. She was there. She was a little child at the side. She really feels so strongly that the country, the world, should understand what her father was about and what he did and how important he was at such a young age. You know, only 30, and he had done so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fawn Oakes: \u003c/strong>My father was educated and smart and courageous, who was more than people can handle. And they shut them down for the fine oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>And her son, Elijah Oaks, who’s Richard’s grandson, they really talked about how their family has always felt that the acquittal invalidated how awful his death was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elijah Oakes: \u003c/strong>I think racism played a big part in the entire situation and the entire deal. They don’t want unity between people. We’re not true unity. And I think that’s the message that was sent when they killed my own grandfather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>And they felt robbed. Fine. Grew up without a father. Any need to raise children without her husband. And in fact, the story that lasted was just some small argument between two men. But they felt always that Richard was targeted because of his activism, because of his politics, and because of his identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Is Michael Morgan still around? And did you hear anything from him for this story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Michael Morgan is alive. He’s 84. He lives in Oklahoma. We sent in letters and received no response. We called and left messages, the response. And, you know, we really wanted to hear from him and include his perspective. And Jason, actually, he flew to Oklahoma and knocked on his door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>I could see him through the screen door. Then he sort of stood up, slowly came to the door and he said, I got your letters. Don’t want to talk. And I tried to make this case to him that whatever it whatever he had to say, it was important for history. But he just nodded his head and he said, you know, it was a sad thing that happened. And then he went inside and closed the door. And I went back the next day, but he was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What I think is so important about your story is the way that it sort of reframes what we know about this killing. And Jason, I can’t help but think, you know, what if. Right. Like, what if these details in your reporting were shared at the trial? What if the trial had turned out differently? What is, you think, the impact of the fact that so many of these details have been kept secret until now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Yeah, I think about that a lot. It’s I it’s hard to know exactly because, you know, you can’t rerun history, right? I mean, maybe the jury would still have acquitted Morgan, even if all of this stuff had been a part of the trial and been public. I don’t know. But but I am really certain, like 100% certain, that if these documents had been available at the time to the public, it would have made a difference if they’d been available to the native community. I have to think that there would have been a lot of pressure on the local police department, on the DOJ to find out what really happened here and to keep investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Right. Like there would have been much more of a spotlight. But because a lot of this was concealed and covered up, there was no one really watching. And so it was able to just be buried. And that has had an enormous impact on Richard’s legacy because it kind of erased him. There’s an alternate history where his song gets sung along with the song of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. There’s a version of history where there’s a big Hollywood movie about Richard and his life, but he never joined that sort of great pantheon of civil rights heroes who were assassinated for what they believed in and became martyrs to their cause and inspirations for generations that came after. Right. And that’s because the trial was so botched and so muddy. His story just is not known in the way that it really, really deserves to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>His story is buried, but it also seems like it’s not too late to remember and learn about his contributions to the native civil rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>It’s definitely not too late. If you go back and you read a lot of the news coverage of the end of the Alcatraz occupation when protesters were forcibly removed from the island. The whole thing was portrayed as a big failure, but it was actually a huge success because it sparked this whole red power movement that ended up having this enduring impact on on US law and the way that the US government deals with native tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Even today, this protest movement that was launched in the wake of his killing, the Trail of broken treaties proved to be enormously influential on U.S. policy and law. They brought a list of demands to the federal government, and a number of those demands were over the next decades, you know, gradually adopted and passed as law, treating tribes as sovereign nations. Today, that’s normal. At the time when Richard was talking about that, he was portrayed as some kind of wild eyed radical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, how much did you learn about Alcatraz when you were in grade school? How much did I learn about it? We ever hear his name before at all? Exactly. But what a unique example he is for young people. Taking what he’d heard from elders on the reservation near the Canadian border. You know, there were land fights happening there. You know, he grew up hearing those stories and and brought that across the country and joined this roiling hotbed of counterculture and civil rights. And, you know, these types of stories are really illuminating about history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And that journey to Alcatraz here in the Bay Area still happens every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Every year there are sunrise ceremonies in October and November where Alcatraz veterans, friends and family of Richard Knox, they go back to the islands to give thanks, to honor the memories of their loved ones and keep the spirit of Alcatraz alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*recording playing*.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone. Thank you so much for joining us and sharing your reporting. I really appreciate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was San Francisco Chronicle reporters Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone. You can read their full story for the San Francisco Chronicle on the true story of Richard Oakes. His death will leave you a link for that in our show notes. This conversation with Jason and Julie was cut down by producer Maria Esquinca, senior editor Alan Montecillo scored this episode and added all the tape music courtesy of the Audio Network. Special thanks as well to San Francisco Chronicle staff photojournalist Brontë Wittpenn. The Bay is a production of member supported KQED. I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. Talk to you next time.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Richard Oakes' family never doubted racism played a role in his killers' acquittal. Today, those who worked on the case admit the trial was botched.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700689039,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":77,"wordCount":4030},"headData":{"title":"The Untold Story of Richard Oakes' Killing, Part 2 | KQED","description":"Richard Oakes' family never doubted racism played a role in his killers' acquittal. Today, those who worked on the case admit the trial was botched.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Untold Story of Richard Oakes' Killing, Part 2","datePublished":"2023-10-11T10:00:46.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-22T21:37:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"The Bay ","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/thebay","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6265142682.mp3?updated=1696886498","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11963890/the-untold-story-of-richard-oakes-killing-part-2","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 1972 killing of Richard Oakes, the face of the Red Power movement, still sticks with the people who worked on the case. The detective who was at the scene of the killing remembers feeling suspicious of Michael Morgan, the man who shot Oakes. The prosecutor remembers the holes in Morgan’s story that he shot Oakes in self-defense. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And yet, Morgan was acquitted of manslaughter charges. Today, they admit that the trial was botched.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Part 2 of our episode with \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> reporters Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone, we talk about missteps in the investigation into Oakes’ death, and how the justice system in Sonoma County was stacked against him.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963726/the-killing-of-richard-oakes-part-1-life-after-alcatraz\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Listen to Part 1 of this story about the killing of Richard Oakes.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Read\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2023/richard-oakes-killing/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the full story \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on Richard Oakes’ death in the San Francisco Chronicle.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6265142682\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra and welcome to the Bay. Local news to Keep You Rooted. When activist Richard Oakes was shot and killed in 1972 at the age of 30, he was well known for the famous occupation of Alcatraz that would kick off the native civil rights movement. The impact of his death is still felt today. Oakes His family has been traumatized and hasn’t felt like they’ve gotten closure. And Oakes, His legacy is largely unrecognized in mainstream American history. In our last episode, San Francisco Chronicle reporters Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone talked about what brought Richard Oakes to rural Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>We talked about Michael Morgan, the man who killed Richard, and we learned about FBI documents that have been kept secret for decades that show how local police goaded Michael Morgan into violence days before he pulled the trigger. If you haven’t listened to part one of this two part story, go back and do that first, because today we sit down with Julie and Jason again to bring you up to speed on the day that Michael Morgan shot and killed Richard Oakes. We hear from the investigator who was on the scene right after it happened and we discuss how the trial that followed was botched. Stay with us. Julie, what happens in their second encounter with one another? How do they meet again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>So they meet again because Richard was back on the road looking for a kid. Billy Lazor, He didn’t return home, but it turns out Michael Morgan caught Billy and another kid poking around one of the horse tack barns and essentially forces him into his car at gunpoint. And Billy later says this is during trial that Michael Morgan had threatened to blow his head off. So Morgan takes Billy back to the camp. He makes like a citizen’s arrest for attempted horse theft, calls the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Billy goes to jail. So it’s the next day and Richard’s out walking on Skaggs Springs Road looking for Billy. And he encounters Michael Morgan, who had just walked up to the road. He had been shoeing horses. So they’re both standing there. They’re maybe ten feet, 20 feet apart from each other, and they talk. It’s actually for a while, maybe two or 3 minutes. And then Morgan takes out a pistol and shoots Richard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Michael Morgan fired one shot from a concealed pistol that struck Richard Oaks in the heart, killing him instantly. When an investigator showed up at the scene, Morgan said that Oaks took him by surprise from behind the trees, asked him what happened to the boy, and then threatened to kill him. Morgan claimed that Oakes crouched down and lunged forward, at which point Morgan, fearing for his life, shot oaks in self-defense. But the investigator wasn’t so sure about this story. And I know you actually spoke with the detective, Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt. Did this detective buy Morgan’s version of events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Butch is a really seasoned homicide detective. He’d worked a lot of really serious cases. And so, you know, he shows up to the scene, they actually fly there in a helicopter, and he talks to Morgan. And when he got to the scene, he saw that Richard was laying on his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>Richard had no weapons on him at all, nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>That he was ten, maybe 20 feet away from. Morgan said he was standing. And that just didn’t make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>I went over across that bank over there because there was the exit wound on him. And I found that bullet. The bullet from the gun I found right over there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>But I thought, well, if he was lunging toward you, wouldn’t he fall forward when he was shot? Butch recalled something else at the scene that really stuck with him for 50 years. And that’s Morgan’s demeanor. So Morgan gave a statement. They had him write it out. They were preparing that paperwork on the side of the road. And Morgan asked him, Butch remembered, Can I go home now? And Butch thought that was strange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>He thought he was going to just be released and nothing happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, most people, when you’ve just killed someone, you’re distraught or even if you’re calm, it’s unusual for someone to assume they can just go home, that it’s over. And so his suspicion began from there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edwin “Butch” Carlstedt: \u003c/strong>You can’t shoot somebody and not face consequences. You’ve got to be a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Butch. Carlstedt wasn’t actually the only one, right, who was suspicious of Morgan’s account. As I understand it, the deputy D.A., Edward Krug, seemed to agree that something was off, too. Right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>It’s the crew of the story that Morgan was telling just did not add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>Morgan was there. I think he was in a more wrongful way than Richard Oakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Morgan Central claim was he shot Richard Oakes in a moment of panic, an overwhelming fear that he was about to die. But the picture painted by the evidence is just not a picture of someone who is credibly afraid for their own life. At the moment, the shot is fired. It’s a picture of that’s much calmer. That’s much more about choice. The shot was fired from at least ten feet away. So it’s not like there was any moment of hand-to-hand combat. Richard was always unarmed. Morgan always had a concealed pistol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>He went there with a gun. He had the advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>A bit later, Crook was able to speak with a man who had been visiting the YMCA camp in the days before the killing. He was having coffee with Morgan. He asked, Is it hunting season for anything? He said that, Morgan replied. It was hunting season for coons, foxes and Indians. And this visitor said that. The conversation went on. Morgan continued to talk about Oakes and how much he didn’t like. Richard Oakes said that Morgan called Oakes half crazy and said that he would be better off dead. That’s five days before the killing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Well, let’s talk about the trial of Michael Morgan. Jason, how does the DA’s office go about charging Morgan, given their skepticism of his account of what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Initially, the DA’s office wanted to charge him with murder, but they ran into some resistance from a county judge. This judge was very dismissive of the idea that it could have been murder, and he tossed out the possibility of a murder charge. I think the other thing is that they were really worried about the kind of jury that they would get. Could you talk to us about this a lot?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>My concern was picking a jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>You knew that in 1972, 1973, in Sonoma County, it was probably gonna be an all white jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Edward Krug: \u003c/strong>I said, there’s a white all white jury here. I didn’t think that was fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>He just couldn’t be sure that a white jury would convict a white defendant for murdering a native person, any native person, but particularly a native person like Richard Oaks, who because of his prominence and because of his protest in the county, he had he had become perceived as scary and threatening to some people in the county at the time. And Krug thought a lot about that, and he worried about it. And it it sort of determined the shape of their strategy in a lot of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>How did prosecutors argue the case?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>So it ended up being a trial for manslaughter, both involuntary, voluntary. To get a conviction, the prosecutors just had to show that his story about killing out of self-defense in this panic was was bogus. And the main way that they did that was by pointing out all of the contradictions between the physical evidence, the crime scene evidence, and Morgan’s own story that he told police that the evidence showed he was lying. Morgan took the stand in his own defense to cross-examine him and really kind of put the screws to him, to the point where Morgan even changed his story multiple times in court during the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>But there would have been another way to show that it was an unlawful killing. Right. Which is to talk about Morgan’s motive, to argue that he was motivated by racism. Right. So crew could have said this wasn’t about self-defense, this is about hatred. But to really do it effectively, he would have needed to put race and racism at the forefront of of the arguments, at the forefront of the trial and for other reasons that we that we already talked about his concerns about a jury, the environment in the country at the time. He he just didn’t do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And Julie, I know you you and Jason also talked with Krug about sort of his thoughts on how he went about arguing this case. And it sounded like he had some regrets. Is that right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Yeah, I think we were both really surprised at how quickly he admitted, you know, I think I screwed up. But he was also really frank with the challenges that he faced. And just to give you a little contrast, he was up against really experienced attorneys. Crew, I think, was four years into being a prosecutor. And Michael Morgan hired a really stellar defense team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>And yeah, the Berkeley Y put out the call. They found the two best Catholic defense attorneys in Sonoma County, literally the guys who ran the County Bar Association and helped judges get elected and were inextricably tied to the Democratic Party political machine in Sonoma County. He got the best attorneys in the business, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>And there was Kruh who was still pretty green, although he tried felony cases really early in his career. There were small things that he felt like he missed, like he realized at some point during the trial that he had neglected to get some of Richard’s clothing, including his pants analyzed. And, you know, if there were scuff marks on his knees, what does that say about the way that Richard maybe fell forward and then fell back? These details really haunted him 50 years later when he spoke about what he could have done to get the outcome that he really thought was just.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And, Julie, earlier we talked about these FBI witness statements that really, I think, reveal some of the racism that was really at play in this case. Does Krug and the DA’s office know about all these FBI statements that we talked about earlier? And do do they come up at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, I think they knew some of what the FBI was learning and they did not have the full report. I don’t believe they had the full picture. But Krug did know about what Mike Craver, a sheriff’s deputy, said and what witnesses corroborated, he said. One thing he said is that to put the deputy I understand all the deputy has to do is say, well, I don’t remember that. I didn’t say that. And a jury is really traditional even to this day. The jury juries want to believe police officers. Another thing that he worried about when thinking about bringing race into the center of the trial was whether he was willing or the county the DA’s office was willing to to portray a law enforcement officer as racist. That was really not his job. He felt, to make the public question law enforcement officers who are out there protecting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So much of that did not make it into the trial, it sounds like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Yeah, I think a lot of the most important things that happened in the six days before the killing were never aired during the trial of Michael Morgan. We now know that they happened because we have these documents, but at the time, the jury never heard about a lot of these things. And the public certainly didn’t hear about a lot of these things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And you both actually talked to some of these jurors, at least the ones who are still alive today. What do they remember of this trial?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Their memories of the trial, I think, were so telling. I spoke to two jurors and they both remembered how well the defense portrayed Michael Morgan as like just an American dad, nervous about his family, uncomfortable with this powerful figure who had kind of appeared and intruded upon his life. And, you know, I think they really identified with him as a family man. But in particular, one juror I spoke with, he also said things that frankly illuminated how much bias existed then and exists today toward indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>He said, Oh, I remember that Richard, you know, had children with all these different women and, you know, was shooting flaming arrows toward the camp. Well, that is just like a complete fabrication. And none of that was presented at trial. None of that actually happened. I don’t know why he has those memories, but I can only imagine that that is the kind of lens that these jurors had, based on whatever was in the movie, is portraying Native Americans at the time of what kind of person had been killed in this situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>So, Jason, what did jurors ultimately decide?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>They acquitted Morgan on both of the manslaughter counts. Not guilty verdicts, took them about three days and that was it. Morgan was set free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Coming up, we hear from Richard Oakes, his family, and how his legacy still lives on today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What about Richard Oakes, his family? Julie, how do they talk about the impact of his killing? I know you actually spoke with his daughter recently, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Fawn Oaks is Richard’s youngest daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fawn Oakes: \u003c/strong>My mom never talked about him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>She’s now 53 years old and she was a toddler when he was killed. And she was actually present on September 14th when Michael Morgan fired the warning shot above Richard’s head. She was there. She was a little child at the side. She really feels so strongly that the country, the world, should understand what her father was about and what he did and how important he was at such a young age. You know, only 30, and he had done so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fawn Oakes: \u003c/strong>My father was educated and smart and courageous, who was more than people can handle. And they shut them down for the fine oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>And her son, Elijah Oaks, who’s Richard’s grandson, they really talked about how their family has always felt that the acquittal invalidated how awful his death was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Elijah Oakes: \u003c/strong>I think racism played a big part in the entire situation and the entire deal. They don’t want unity between people. We’re not true unity. And I think that’s the message that was sent when they killed my own grandfather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>And they felt robbed. Fine. Grew up without a father. Any need to raise children without her husband. And in fact, the story that lasted was just some small argument between two men. But they felt always that Richard was targeted because of his activism, because of his politics, and because of his identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Is Michael Morgan still around? And did you hear anything from him for this story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Michael Morgan is alive. He’s 84. He lives in Oklahoma. We sent in letters and received no response. We called and left messages, the response. And, you know, we really wanted to hear from him and include his perspective. And Jason, actually, he flew to Oklahoma and knocked on his door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>I could see him through the screen door. Then he sort of stood up, slowly came to the door and he said, I got your letters. Don’t want to talk. And I tried to make this case to him that whatever it whatever he had to say, it was important for history. But he just nodded his head and he said, you know, it was a sad thing that happened. And then he went inside and closed the door. And I went back the next day, but he was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>What I think is so important about your story is the way that it sort of reframes what we know about this killing. And Jason, I can’t help but think, you know, what if. Right. Like, what if these details in your reporting were shared at the trial? What if the trial had turned out differently? What is, you think, the impact of the fact that so many of these details have been kept secret until now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Yeah, I think about that a lot. It’s I it’s hard to know exactly because, you know, you can’t rerun history, right? I mean, maybe the jury would still have acquitted Morgan, even if all of this stuff had been a part of the trial and been public. I don’t know. But but I am really certain, like 100% certain, that if these documents had been available at the time to the public, it would have made a difference if they’d been available to the native community. I have to think that there would have been a lot of pressure on the local police department, on the DOJ to find out what really happened here and to keep investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Right. Like there would have been much more of a spotlight. But because a lot of this was concealed and covered up, there was no one really watching. And so it was able to just be buried. And that has had an enormous impact on Richard’s legacy because it kind of erased him. There’s an alternate history where his song gets sung along with the song of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. There’s a version of history where there’s a big Hollywood movie about Richard and his life, but he never joined that sort of great pantheon of civil rights heroes who were assassinated for what they believed in and became martyrs to their cause and inspirations for generations that came after. Right. And that’s because the trial was so botched and so muddy. His story just is not known in the way that it really, really deserves to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>His story is buried, but it also seems like it’s not too late to remember and learn about his contributions to the native civil rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>It’s definitely not too late. If you go back and you read a lot of the news coverage of the end of the Alcatraz occupation when protesters were forcibly removed from the island. The whole thing was portrayed as a big failure, but it was actually a huge success because it sparked this whole red power movement that ended up having this enduring impact on on US law and the way that the US government deals with native tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Even today, this protest movement that was launched in the wake of his killing, the Trail of broken treaties proved to be enormously influential on U.S. policy and law. They brought a list of demands to the federal government, and a number of those demands were over the next decades, you know, gradually adopted and passed as law, treating tribes as sovereign nations. Today, that’s normal. At the time when Richard was talking about that, he was portrayed as some kind of wild eyed radical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>You know, how much did you learn about Alcatraz when you were in grade school? How much did I learn about it? We ever hear his name before at all? Exactly. But what a unique example he is for young people. Taking what he’d heard from elders on the reservation near the Canadian border. You know, there were land fights happening there. You know, he grew up hearing those stories and and brought that across the country and joined this roiling hotbed of counterculture and civil rights. And, you know, these types of stories are really illuminating about history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>And that journey to Alcatraz here in the Bay Area still happens every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Every year there are sunrise ceremonies in October and November where Alcatraz veterans, friends and family of Richard Knox, they go back to the islands to give thanks, to honor the memories of their loved ones and keep the spirit of Alcatraz alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*recording playing*.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone. Thank you so much for joining us and sharing your reporting. I really appreciate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Julie Johnson: \u003c/strong>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jason Fagone: \u003c/strong>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ericka Cruz Guevarra: \u003c/strong>That was San Francisco Chronicle reporters Julie Johnson and Jason Fagone. You can read their full story for the San Francisco Chronicle on the true story of Richard Oakes. His death will leave you a link for that in our show notes. This conversation with Jason and Julie was cut down by producer Maria Esquinca, senior editor Alan Montecillo scored this episode and added all the tape music courtesy of the Audio Network. Special thanks as well to San Francisco Chronicle staff photojournalist Brontë Wittpenn. The Bay is a production of member supported KQED. I’m Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. Talk to you next time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11963890/the-untold-story-of-richard-oakes-killing-part-2","authors":["8654","11802","11649"],"programs":["news_28779"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_25738","news_28859","news_1262","news_22598"],"featImg":"news_11912126","label":"source_news_11963890"},"news_11958577":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11958577","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11958577","score":null,"sort":[1692398807000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-looks-to-work-alongside-native-american-communities-on-fentanyl-crisis","title":"California Looks to Work Alongside Native American Communities on Fentanyl Crisis","publishDate":1692398807,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Looks to Work Alongside Native American Communities on Fentanyl Crisis | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>As the overdose epidemic roils across California, Native American community leaders are calling on state agencies to do more to slow the effects of the devastating crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This effort seems to be grassroots for us, so to see representatives here, it means we are all trying to work together to come to some sort of solution for this problem,” John Christman, Chairman of the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, told members of the California State Assembly Select Committee on Fentanyl, Opioid Addiction and Overdose Prevention, at a hearing on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christman shared how fentanyl-related deaths have devastated communities like his, which has 400 members and is located near the California-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native American and Alaska Native residents in California had the highest rate of opioid-overdose death compared to any other racial group from 2017 to 2022, according to the most recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/sapb/Pages/Data.aspx\">data available from the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members and health leaders have tried a multitude of strategies, from opening up a vending machine where locals can pick up the opioid overdose-reversal medicine Narcan, to increasing talking circles and new wellness clinics. But it hasn’t been enough for many resource-strapped families navigating the crisis at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One particular challenge that Christman and others have encountered is stigma around seeking and accepting treatment. How to reduce those barriers so people can enter and have success in treatment is a critical question as the Viejas community looks to open up a new state-of-the-art health and addiction treatment facility called \u003ca href=\"https://rp.health/\">Revive Pathway\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you go to the wellness center, everyone knows what you’re doing there. Some of these things are embarrassing. And inpatient treatment does not always work,” Christman told the legislative committee.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Asm. Jim Patterson (R-Fresno)\"]‘We are learning the depth and the scope of this tragedy and it is hitting so many of us and those we care about.’[/pullquote]Lawmakers from across the state who had come to hear their testimonies echoed the tribal leaders’ concerns and shared many of their frustrations with the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are learning the depth and the scope of this tragedy and it is hitting so many of us and those we care about,” said Assemblymember Jim Patterson (R-Fresno). “This is an area that is dear to me because Fresno, California, by its centralized location and being triangulated by the most traveled interstate freeways in California, is a place for fentanyl distribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County Sheriff Kelly Martinez spoke about efforts by law enforcement to respond to overdose deaths in the same way that they would approach homicides. For example, she said, by seizing the cell phone of someone who died and looking for who their dealer was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many speakers underscored that getting buy-in and cooperation from law enforcement around effective solutions would be critical to making progress on slowing overdose deaths and drug dealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christman, however, said that’s been a challenge for his community working with law enforcement agencies in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been in discussions at length since I got back into office in 2019 with the sheriff’s department. That open dialogue didn’t exist in the beginning of my council tenure. And it has not [borne] any fruit yet, I have to be honest about that,” the chairman said. “But I’m hoping we can have this dialogue. I don’t know that we can eradicate this, but we need some sort of solution to make these numbers go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chair of the committee Assemblymember Matt Haney (D-San Francisco) brought up expanding access to medication-assisted treatment, and other health or housing services to help stabilize individuals struggling with addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are forging a path together towards healing and recovery,” said Haney. “This is affecting every corner of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some speakers at the hearing questioned the effectiveness of supply-side interventions and asked tribal council leaders for ways that communities could reduce demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christman shared that deep-seeded traumas from violence against his community remain and often fuel the disparate impact that Native American communities face when it comes to the current overdose epidemic.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11950467,news_11954871,news_11944267\"]He recalled painful memories of watching and protesting \u003ca href=\"https://voiceofsandiego.org/2020/08/17/border-report-kumeyaay-band-sues-to-stop-border-wall-construction/\">threats to the tribe’s historic burial grounds\u003c/a>. “What would that do to you? What would that do to anyone? It’s a vicious cycle. Poverty is part of that, and we lived it,” Christman said. “We were able to find a way to provide more for our people, but those scars from trauma still exist in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Greenberg, chief medical officer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ots.health/\">OneTogether Solutions\u003c/a>, which provides overdose prevention and addiction treatment for rural tribal communities, said that the biggest issue he encounters among patients is a lack of available treatment and prevention services that people can easily access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest issue I see is barriers to treatment,” Greenberg said. “Our current paradigm, we have people with substance abuse making their own appointments, and it’s hard to make and keep an appointment when you have a fentanyl or methamphetamine addiction. And it’s hard to engage in treatment when you have untreated psychiatric services as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geography and proximity to fully staffed and resourced health clinics is a major challenge for members of the Tule River Tribe, according to Shine Nieto, vice chairman. The community is based about 16 miles away from the nearest hospital. And while Tule River has its own wellness center with counselors and psychologists, the need is greater than what the clinic currently has resources for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, he and others have started up small groups and talking circles to try to bring healing around addiction, its causes, and the impacts that overdoses leave behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The talking circles are an important part of shifting narratives and understandings about each other and addiction. But tragedy still followed. Four of the group’s nearly 40 members died of opioid-related overdoses, Nieto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like politics, but when it comes to this we are all in the same boat,” said Nieto. “This drug is killing people and destroying our state. We’re all in this state together. If this wipes out any town, it will just keep moving and moving. This is why I’m here, I want to help fight this and slow it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tribal leaders shared testimonies on Friday about how the fentanyl crisis is affecting Native American communities in California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1692399233,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1120},"headData":{"title":"California Looks to Work Alongside Native American Communities on Fentanyl Crisis | KQED","description":"Tribal leaders shared testimonies on Friday about how the fentanyl crisis is affecting Native American communities in California.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Looks to Work Alongside Native American Communities on Fentanyl Crisis","datePublished":"2023-08-18T22:46:47.000Z","dateModified":"2023-08-18T22:53:53.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11958577/california-looks-to-work-alongside-native-american-communities-on-fentanyl-crisis","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the overdose epidemic roils across California, Native American community leaders are calling on state agencies to do more to slow the effects of the devastating crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This effort seems to be grassroots for us, so to see representatives here, it means we are all trying to work together to come to some sort of solution for this problem,” John Christman, Chairman of the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, told members of the California State Assembly Select Committee on Fentanyl, Opioid Addiction and Overdose Prevention, at a hearing on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christman shared how fentanyl-related deaths have devastated communities like his, which has 400 members and is located near the California-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native American and Alaska Native residents in California had the highest rate of opioid-overdose death compared to any other racial group from 2017 to 2022, according to the most recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/sapb/Pages/Data.aspx\">data available from the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members and health leaders have tried a multitude of strategies, from opening up a vending machine where locals can pick up the opioid overdose-reversal medicine Narcan, to increasing talking circles and new wellness clinics. But it hasn’t been enough for many resource-strapped families navigating the crisis at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One particular challenge that Christman and others have encountered is stigma around seeking and accepting treatment. How to reduce those barriers so people can enter and have success in treatment is a critical question as the Viejas community looks to open up a new state-of-the-art health and addiction treatment facility called \u003ca href=\"https://rp.health/\">Revive Pathway\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you go to the wellness center, everyone knows what you’re doing there. Some of these things are embarrassing. And inpatient treatment does not always work,” Christman told the legislative committee.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We are learning the depth and the scope of this tragedy and it is hitting so many of us and those we care about.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Asm. Jim Patterson (R-Fresno)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Lawmakers from across the state who had come to hear their testimonies echoed the tribal leaders’ concerns and shared many of their frustrations with the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are learning the depth and the scope of this tragedy and it is hitting so many of us and those we care about,” said Assemblymember Jim Patterson (R-Fresno). “This is an area that is dear to me because Fresno, California, by its centralized location and being triangulated by the most traveled interstate freeways in California, is a place for fentanyl distribution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County Sheriff Kelly Martinez spoke about efforts by law enforcement to respond to overdose deaths in the same way that they would approach homicides. For example, she said, by seizing the cell phone of someone who died and looking for who their dealer was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many speakers underscored that getting buy-in and cooperation from law enforcement around effective solutions would be critical to making progress on slowing overdose deaths and drug dealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christman, however, said that’s been a challenge for his community working with law enforcement agencies in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been in discussions at length since I got back into office in 2019 with the sheriff’s department. That open dialogue didn’t exist in the beginning of my council tenure. And it has not [borne] any fruit yet, I have to be honest about that,” the chairman said. “But I’m hoping we can have this dialogue. I don’t know that we can eradicate this, but we need some sort of solution to make these numbers go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chair of the committee Assemblymember Matt Haney (D-San Francisco) brought up expanding access to medication-assisted treatment, and other health or housing services to help stabilize individuals struggling with addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are forging a path together towards healing and recovery,” said Haney. “This is affecting every corner of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some speakers at the hearing questioned the effectiveness of supply-side interventions and asked tribal council leaders for ways that communities could reduce demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christman shared that deep-seeded traumas from violence against his community remain and often fuel the disparate impact that Native American communities face when it comes to the current overdose epidemic.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11950467,news_11954871,news_11944267"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He recalled painful memories of watching and protesting \u003ca href=\"https://voiceofsandiego.org/2020/08/17/border-report-kumeyaay-band-sues-to-stop-border-wall-construction/\">threats to the tribe’s historic burial grounds\u003c/a>. “What would that do to you? What would that do to anyone? It’s a vicious cycle. Poverty is part of that, and we lived it,” Christman said. “We were able to find a way to provide more for our people, but those scars from trauma still exist in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Greenberg, chief medical officer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ots.health/\">OneTogether Solutions\u003c/a>, which provides overdose prevention and addiction treatment for rural tribal communities, said that the biggest issue he encounters among patients is a lack of available treatment and prevention services that people can easily access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest issue I see is barriers to treatment,” Greenberg said. “Our current paradigm, we have people with substance abuse making their own appointments, and it’s hard to make and keep an appointment when you have a fentanyl or methamphetamine addiction. And it’s hard to engage in treatment when you have untreated psychiatric services as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geography and proximity to fully staffed and resourced health clinics is a major challenge for members of the Tule River Tribe, according to Shine Nieto, vice chairman. The community is based about 16 miles away from the nearest hospital. And while Tule River has its own wellness center with counselors and psychologists, the need is greater than what the clinic currently has resources for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, he and others have started up small groups and talking circles to try to bring healing around addiction, its causes, and the impacts that overdoses leave behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The talking circles are an important part of shifting narratives and understandings about each other and addiction. But tragedy still followed. Four of the group’s nearly 40 members died of opioid-related overdoses, Nieto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like politics, but when it comes to this we are all in the same boat,” said Nieto. “This drug is killing people and destroying our state. We’re all in this state together. If this wipes out any town, it will just keep moving and moving. This is why I’m here, I want to help fight this and slow it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11958577/california-looks-to-work-alongside-native-american-communities-on-fentanyl-crisis","authors":["11840"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_31791","news_23051","news_33045","news_1262","news_22492","news_25617","news_31709","news_33046"],"featImg":"news_11958586","label":"news"},"news_11958011":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11958011","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11958011","score":null,"sort":[1691787648000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-tribes-environmental-groups-urge-epa-probe-state-water-board","title":"California Tribes, Environmental Groups Urge EPA Probe of State Water Board","publishDate":1691787648,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Tribes, Environmental Groups Urge EPA Probe of State Water Board | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Biden administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/environmental-justice\">environmental justice\u003c/a> office is investigating whether California’s water agency has discriminated against Native Americans and other people of color by failing to protect the water quality of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-bay\">San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gary Mulcahy, government liaison, Winnemem Wintu Tribe\"]‘It’s pretty bad when California Indians have to file a complaint with the Federal Government so that the State doesn’t violate our civil rights.’[/pullquote] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s investigation was triggered by a complaint filed by tribes and environmental justice organizations that says the state Water Resources Control Board for over a decade “has failed to uphold its statutory duty” to review and update water quality standards in the Bay-Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s pretty bad when California Indians have to file a complaint with the Federal Government so that the State doesn’t violate our civil rights,” Gary Mulcahy, government liaison for the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water agency has allowed “waterways to descend into ecological crisis, with the resulting environmental burdens falling most heavily on Native tribes and other communities of color,” the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups also said the agency “has intentionally excluded local Native Tribes and Black, Asian and Latino residents from participation in the policymaking process associated with the Bay-Delta Plan,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.restorethedelta.org/wp-content/uploads/2023.08.08-REC_Acceptance_01RNO-23-R9.pdf\">according to an EPA letter to the state dated Tuesday (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackie Carpenter, a spokesperson for the water board, said the agency will cooperate fully and “believes U.S. EPA will ultimately conclude the board has acted appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The State Water Board deeply values its partnership with tribes to protect and preserve California’s water resources. The board’s highest water quality planning priority has been restoring native fish species in the Delta watershed that many tribes rely upon,” Carpenter said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The watershed is the heart of California’s water supply: Covering \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drought/delta/#:~:text=The%20Delta%20watershed%20comprises%20approximately,millions%20of%20acres%20of%20farmland.\">about 20% of California\u003c/a>, it includes the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems and is a vital water source for 27 million Californians and 750,000 acres of farmland.[aside postID=news_11957413 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1020x680.jpg']The Bay-Delta is \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/docs/sed/sac_delta_framework_070618%20.pdf\">experiencing an “ecological crisis,” (PDF)\u003c/a> state water regulators have said, including a “prolonged and precipitous decline in numerous native species,” such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/endangered-species-conservation/sacramento-river-winter-run-chinook-salmon\">endangered winter-run Chinook salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Fishes/Delta-Smelt\">the tiny Delta smelt\u003c/a>. Intensifying water development, diversions and dwindling freshwater flows have exacerbated the crisis. And the relentless \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center/science/emergency-drought-barriers-impacts-cyanohabs-and\">push of salt water into the Delta and blossoming harmful algal blooms\u003c/a> have left \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">farmers and residents desperate for solutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healthy waterways and fisheries are critical to the culture and diet of the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians and Winnemem Wintu Tribe. Harmful algal blooms, low flows and water contamination also prevent people of color in South Stockton and other communities from using waterways in their neighborhoods for recreation or subsistence fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s decision to investigate comes as water board scientists prepare a staff report on updating the Bay-Delta’s water quality plan. Carpenter said the report will evaluate certain tribal beneficial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the possible approaches considered in the updated plan will be \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/Agreement-with-Local-Water-Suppliers-to-Improve-the-Health-of-Rivers-and-Landscapes\">a $2.6 billion\u003c/a> deal that Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/NewsRoom/Voluntary-Agreement-Package-March-29-2022.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">struck last March with major water suppliers and agricultural irrigation districts (PDF)\u003c/a>, which voluntarily agreed to address flows and habitats in the Delta.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dillon Delvo, executive director, Little Manila Rising\"]‘As long as the state upholds historic water rights, that we all know to be racist and unfair, we will continue to have first- and second-class California communities.’[/pullquote]Tribes and environmental organizations said the deal came from backroom negotiations between water suppliers and officials that excluded people of color, and that it “fails to protect the health of the estuary, its native fish and wildlife, and the jobs and communities that depend on its health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint mentions Newsom’s voluntary agreements 52 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>As long as the state upholds historic water rights, that we all know to be racist and unfair, we will continue to have first- and second-class California communities,” Dillon Delvo, executive director of Little Manila Rising, an organization based in Stockton, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said in its letter that while an investigation “is not a decision on the merits,” the complaint meets the requirements for initiating its probe, including that “it alleges discriminatory acts by the Board which is a recipient of EPA financial assistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water board will have 30 days to respond, and the EPA will issue its findings within the next six months unless both sides agree to resolve the issue informally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A discrimination complaint filed by Native American tribes and environmental justice groups alleges California failed to protect water quality in the Bay-Delta.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1691781186,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":848},"headData":{"title":"California Tribes, Environmental Groups Urge EPA Probe of State Water Board | KQED","description":"A discrimination complaint filed by Native American tribes and environmental justice groups alleges California failed to protect water quality in the Bay-Delta.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Tribes, Environmental Groups Urge EPA Probe of State Water Board","datePublished":"2023-08-11T21:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2023-08-11T19:13:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/rachel-becker/\">Rachel Becker\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11958011/california-tribes-environmental-groups-urge-epa-probe-state-water-board","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Biden administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/environmental-justice\">environmental justice\u003c/a> office is investigating whether California’s water agency has discriminated against Native Americans and other people of color by failing to protect the water quality of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-bay\">San Francisco Bay\u003c/a> and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s pretty bad when California Indians have to file a complaint with the Federal Government so that the State doesn’t violate our civil rights.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Gary Mulcahy, government liaison, Winnemem Wintu Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s investigation was triggered by a complaint filed by tribes and environmental justice organizations that says the state Water Resources Control Board for over a decade “has failed to uphold its statutory duty” to review and update water quality standards in the Bay-Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s pretty bad when California Indians have to file a complaint with the Federal Government so that the State doesn’t violate our civil rights,” Gary Mulcahy, government liaison for the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water agency has allowed “waterways to descend into ecological crisis, with the resulting environmental burdens falling most heavily on Native tribes and other communities of color,” the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups also said the agency “has intentionally excluded local Native Tribes and Black, Asian and Latino residents from participation in the policymaking process associated with the Bay-Delta Plan,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.restorethedelta.org/wp-content/uploads/2023.08.08-REC_Acceptance_01RNO-23-R9.pdf\">according to an EPA letter to the state dated Tuesday (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackie Carpenter, a spokesperson for the water board, said the agency will cooperate fully and “believes U.S. EPA will ultimately conclude the board has acted appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The State Water Board deeply values its partnership with tribes to protect and preserve California’s water resources. The board’s highest water quality planning priority has been restoring native fish species in the Delta watershed that many tribes rely upon,” Carpenter said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The watershed is the heart of California’s water supply: Covering \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drought/delta/#:~:text=The%20Delta%20watershed%20comprises%20approximately,millions%20of%20acres%20of%20farmland.\">about 20% of California\u003c/a>, it includes the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems and is a vital water source for 27 million Californians and 750,000 acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11957413","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/TribalBuyBack01-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Bay-Delta is \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/docs/sed/sac_delta_framework_070618%20.pdf\">experiencing an “ecological crisis,” (PDF)\u003c/a> state water regulators have said, including a “prolonged and precipitous decline in numerous native species,” such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/endangered-species-conservation/sacramento-river-winter-run-chinook-salmon\">endangered winter-run Chinook salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Fishes/Delta-Smelt\">the tiny Delta smelt\u003c/a>. Intensifying water development, diversions and dwindling freshwater flows have exacerbated the crisis. And the relentless \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center/science/emergency-drought-barriers-impacts-cyanohabs-and\">push of salt water into the Delta and blossoming harmful algal blooms\u003c/a> have left \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-water-delta-tunnel/\">farmers and residents desperate for solutions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healthy waterways and fisheries are critical to the culture and diet of the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians and Winnemem Wintu Tribe. Harmful algal blooms, low flows and water contamination also prevent people of color in South Stockton and other communities from using waterways in their neighborhoods for recreation or subsistence fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA’s decision to investigate comes as water board scientists prepare a staff report on updating the Bay-Delta’s water quality plan. Carpenter said the report will evaluate certain tribal beneficial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the possible approaches considered in the updated plan will be \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/Agreement-with-Local-Water-Suppliers-to-Improve-the-Health-of-Rivers-and-Landscapes\">a $2.6 billion\u003c/a> deal that Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/NewsRoom/Voluntary-Agreement-Package-March-29-2022.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">struck last March with major water suppliers and agricultural irrigation districts (PDF)\u003c/a>, which voluntarily agreed to address flows and habitats in the Delta.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘As long as the state upholds historic water rights, that we all know to be racist and unfair, we will continue to have first- and second-class California communities.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dillon Delvo, executive director, Little Manila Rising","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Tribes and environmental organizations said the deal came from backroom negotiations between water suppliers and officials that excluded people of color, and that it “fails to protect the health of the estuary, its native fish and wildlife, and the jobs and communities that depend on its health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint mentions Newsom’s voluntary agreements 52 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>As long as the state upholds historic water rights, that we all know to be racist and unfair, we will continue to have first- and second-class California communities,” Dillon Delvo, executive director of Little Manila Rising, an organization based in Stockton, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said in its letter that while an investigation “is not a decision on the merits,” the complaint meets the requirements for initiating its probe, including that “it alleges discriminatory acts by the Board which is a recipient of EPA financial assistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water board will have 30 days to respond, and the EPA will issue its findings within the next six months unless both sides agree to resolve the issue informally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11958011/california-tribes-environmental-groups-urge-epa-probe-state-water-board","authors":["byline_news_11958011"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_20075","news_28272","news_18538","news_6179","news_31791","news_20447","news_29943","news_31960","news_31599","news_18863","news_21506","news_18142","news_1262","news_29002","news_2513","news_6653","news_1861"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11958021","label":"source_news_11958011"},"news_11957413":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11957413","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11957413","score":null,"sort":[1691179204000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"100-million-grant-to-assist-california-native-tribes-with-buying-back-land","title":"$100 Million Grant to Assist California Native Tribes With Buying Back Land","publishDate":1691179204,"format":"standard","headTitle":"$100 Million Grant to Assist California Native Tribes With Buying Back Land | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Native American tribes in California can apply for money to help buy back lands they lost during colonization, the California Natural Resources Agency announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intention of the $100 million Tribal Nature-Based Solutions grant program is to advance the state’s climate goals by giving tribes the opportunity to buy land for conservation and cultural projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The purpose of the grant program really is to strengthen our partnerships with tribes in the natural resources conservation and environmental space,” said Geneva Thompson, Deputy Secretary of Tribal Affairs for the agency. The grant program is part of a broader strategy in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration to promote “nature-based” solutions to climate change, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.californianature.ca.gov/\">30×30 plan\u003c/a> to conserve 30% of California’s lands and coastal waters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that the lands benefit and are healthier by being stewarded by tribes and by being lived with in relation to tribal traditional ecological knowledge [and] cultural practices,” Thompson said. The grant will assist tribes to “reacquire those lands to ensure that tribes are back in the stewardship role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forestry management and restoration through cultural burning, or the use of fire to manage land, is one type of project that tribes can propose to apply for this money. Initiatives to recover ancestral knowledge and practices, such as traditional food harvesting, will also be considered. Newsom announced the grant program during a Truth and Healing Council meeting last year.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Geneva Thompson, deputy secretary of tribal affairs, California Natural Resources Agency\"]‘We know that the lands benefit and are healthier by being stewarded by tribes and by being lived with in relation to tribal traditional ecological knowledge [and] cultural practices.’[/pullquote]Thompson said in the process of developing guidelines for this grant program, 45 tribes were consulted and ancestral land return was a top priority. Housing for tribal members was also a concern brought up by tribal representatives, she said, but lands purchased through this grant program cannot be lived on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 109 federally-recognized tribes in California, and more than 40 tribes have applied for federal status. Thompson said that all California Native American tribes are eligible to apply for the grant, regardless of federally-recognized status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some tribes have raised concerns over the focus of the grant program. Muwekma Ohlone Chairwoman Charlene Nijmeh said in an email that her tribe is open to developing a project for this grant, but “too much focus is on plants and animals and not the native people. It’s a perpetuation of colonialism and performative allyship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for the tribe also wrote in an email that they were not informed of the grant program. Chairwoman Nijmeh also said her tribe was also not included in Newsom’s Truth and Healing Council initiative.[aside label='More on Envrionmental News' tag='environment']The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, which currently has 614 members, is not a federally-recognized tribe. They lost that status in 1927 when their tribe, along with more than a hundred other tribes in California, were deemed not in need of land by a \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=hornbeck_usa_3_d\">report on landless tribes (CGI)\u003c/a> issued by an agent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs (at the time called Indian Services).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With few exceptions, tribes that did not gain land then still are landless today, including the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, whose members say they’ve called the San Francisco Bay Area home for more than 10,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1851 and 1852, tribes across California \u003ca href=\"https://americanindian.si.edu/nationtonation/unratified-california-treaty-k.html\">signed 18 treaties\u003c/a> with the U.S. government, relinquishing their territories in exchange for a total of 7.5 million acres of reservations — but the Senate never ratified them. Native people, who had already left their territories, were turned away from the lands allocated in the unratified treaties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor’s Office of Tribal Affairs Secretary Christina Snider-Ashtari said in a press release that the grant program “is a step in the right direction to begin to address some of the historical wrongs committed against California Native peoples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/California-Launches-Grant-Program-to-Support-California-Native-American-Tribes\">The California Natural Resources Agency\u003c/a> will be hosting a series of webinars for interested tribes, and the first round of applications will be due on Aug. 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Tribal Nature-Based Solutions program targets the state's climate goals by giving tribes the chance to buy land for conservation and cultural projects.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1706904599,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":726},"headData":{"title":"$100 Million Grant to Assist California Native Tribes With Buying Back Land | KQED","description":"The Tribal Nature-Based Solutions program targets the state's climate goals by giving tribes the chance to buy land for conservation and cultural projects.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"$100 Million Grant to Assist California Native Tribes With Buying Back Land","datePublished":"2023-08-04T20:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-02T20:09:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11957413/100-million-grant-to-assist-california-native-tribes-with-buying-back-land","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Native American tribes in California can apply for money to help buy back lands they lost during colonization, the California Natural Resources Agency announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intention of the $100 million Tribal Nature-Based Solutions grant program is to advance the state’s climate goals by giving tribes the opportunity to buy land for conservation and cultural projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The purpose of the grant program really is to strengthen our partnerships with tribes in the natural resources conservation and environmental space,” said Geneva Thompson, Deputy Secretary of Tribal Affairs for the agency. The grant program is part of a broader strategy in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration to promote “nature-based” solutions to climate change, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.californianature.ca.gov/\">30×30 plan\u003c/a> to conserve 30% of California’s lands and coastal waters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that the lands benefit and are healthier by being stewarded by tribes and by being lived with in relation to tribal traditional ecological knowledge [and] cultural practices,” Thompson said. The grant will assist tribes to “reacquire those lands to ensure that tribes are back in the stewardship role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forestry management and restoration through cultural burning, or the use of fire to manage land, is one type of project that tribes can propose to apply for this money. Initiatives to recover ancestral knowledge and practices, such as traditional food harvesting, will also be considered. Newsom announced the grant program during a Truth and Healing Council meeting last year.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We know that the lands benefit and are healthier by being stewarded by tribes and by being lived with in relation to tribal traditional ecological knowledge [and] cultural practices.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Geneva Thompson, deputy secretary of tribal affairs, California Natural Resources Agency","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Thompson said in the process of developing guidelines for this grant program, 45 tribes were consulted and ancestral land return was a top priority. Housing for tribal members was also a concern brought up by tribal representatives, she said, but lands purchased through this grant program cannot be lived on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 109 federally-recognized tribes in California, and more than 40 tribes have applied for federal status. Thompson said that all California Native American tribes are eligible to apply for the grant, regardless of federally-recognized status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some tribes have raised concerns over the focus of the grant program. Muwekma Ohlone Chairwoman Charlene Nijmeh said in an email that her tribe is open to developing a project for this grant, but “too much focus is on plants and animals and not the native people. It’s a perpetuation of colonialism and performative allyship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for the tribe also wrote in an email that they were not informed of the grant program. Chairwoman Nijmeh also said her tribe was also not included in Newsom’s Truth and Healing Council initiative.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Envrionmental News ","tag":"environment"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, which currently has 614 members, is not a federally-recognized tribe. They lost that status in 1927 when their tribe, along with more than a hundred other tribes in California, were deemed not in need of land by a \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=hornbeck_usa_3_d\">report on landless tribes (CGI)\u003c/a> issued by an agent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs (at the time called Indian Services).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With few exceptions, tribes that did not gain land then still are landless today, including the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, whose members say they’ve called the San Francisco Bay Area home for more than 10,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1851 and 1852, tribes across California \u003ca href=\"https://americanindian.si.edu/nationtonation/unratified-california-treaty-k.html\">signed 18 treaties\u003c/a> with the U.S. government, relinquishing their territories in exchange for a total of 7.5 million acres of reservations — but the Senate never ratified them. Native people, who had already left their territories, were turned away from the lands allocated in the unratified treaties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor’s Office of Tribal Affairs Secretary Christina Snider-Ashtari said in a press release that the grant program “is a step in the right direction to begin to address some of the historical wrongs committed against California Native peoples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/California-Launches-Grant-Program-to-Support-California-Native-American-Tribes\">The California Natural Resources Agency\u003c/a> will be hosting a series of webinars for interested tribes, and the first round of applications will be due on Aug. 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11957413/100-million-grant-to-assist-california-native-tribes-with-buying-back-land","authors":["11896"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_31791","news_16","news_21512","news_1262","news_21733"],"featImg":"news_11957424","label":"news"},"news_11956856":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11956856","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11956856","score":null,"sort":[1690801250000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin","title":"How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin","publishDate":1690801250,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>When Joe Sanchez was 8 years old, his grandmother asked him to make a promise to never forget his California Indian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was determined to see the culture live on, after watching her brothers deny their Coast Miwok ancestry, a matter of economic survival in early 20th century California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, at 75, Sanchez is making good on that promise in a more ambitious way than he ever imagined: He’s bought back a piece of his ancestral homeland. In July, he and \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastmiwokofmarin.org/index.html\">the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin\u003c/a> purchased a 26-acre piece of land in the rural Marin County community of Nicasio, once Coast Miwok territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed a place to have ceremony, a place where we could do all those things that we always did for thousands of years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s believed to be the first modern “Land Back” effort in Marin County, part of a growing movement across California to get land back to the original indigenous people who lived on it. At least a dozen Land Back endeavors have already succeeded, from an island returned to the Wiyot tribe in Humboldt County to the Esselen tribe’s purchase of a 1,200-acre ranch near Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re home’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a sunny afternoon recently, Sanchez stood in the shade of an oak on the land in Nicasio, which is nestled in rolling hills and covered in tall grasses and brush. He said the tribal council imagines a place where they can bring together people with Coast Miwok roots from around the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/07/31/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin/rs67176_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-27-bl-qut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11956865\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sanchez checks on the water line for fruit trees growing on their newly purchased land. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the foot of a hill that encompasses much of the property, he pointed out a flat area where they plan to build a dance arbor, a roundhouse and a sweat lodge — places to dance and sing and sit in ceremony without having to ask anyone’s permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez was joined by Dean Hoaglin, a founding member of the tribal council. “It’s beautiful to be on our land,” Hoaglin said. “We’re home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he and Sanchez helped form the council, Hoaglin said an elder told him the ancestors were calling him to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time that we come back together and that we fulfill what our ancestors always prayed for, and that was for us to come back home and to share the original teachings,” Hoaglin said, referring to indigenous values about how to live in harmony with the natural world and each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoaglin has spent 30 years teaching traditional cultural practices as part of a suicide prevention program for Native American youth in Sonoma County. He’s planning to retire this year. With the extra time, he wants to plant a garden here on their newly returned land, grow traditional foods and medicinal plants, and teach indigenous land stewardship practices.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Coast Miwok Tribal Council letter to the land's sellers\"]‘We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors.’[/pullquote]Hoaglin and Sanchez dreamed for years of having land, but it didn’t become a real possibility until they created a nonprofit — Huukuiko Inc., named after the Coast Miwok band they’re descended from — and started raising money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they found this piece of land in Nicasio for sale, it felt right. So they wrote a letter to the couple who owned it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors,” it read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They explained it would take some time for them to come up with the $1.3 million the sellers were asking, but offered something unique: “The opportunity to be part of the healing process for us, for our Ancestors, and for the land itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reminded the sellers that for some 10,000 years those ancestors had lived on this land and throughout all of what’s now Marin and much of Sonoma counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter worked. The sellers agreed to their timeline, and after two months of furious fundraising they had the money. The bulk of it came from foundations, but there were individual donors, too. One person gave $25 dollars, another $200,000, according to Nancy Binzen, a Marin County resident who managed the fundraising effort and supported the tribal council throughout this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were kind of riding a roller coaster for a while, but things came through in a big way,” Sanchez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 101 people and foundations chipped in, and on July 3 the deal closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The history of Land Back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The history of Native Americans fighting for their land is as old as attempts to take it. But efforts to reclaim ancestral lands have become increasingly visible in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout the generations, the fight has always been there,” said Robby Burroughs, the holdings managing director for \u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/\">NDN Collective\u003c/a>, a national indigenous-led organization focused on climate justice and racial and educational equity.[aside postID=news_11921034,education_535779,arts_13920243 label='More on Land Back']He said the difference today is that as the climate crisis has become impossible to ignore, returning land to indigenous hands is being seen as an effective way to manage natural resources. In California, the state Natural Resources Agency is rolling out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11908716/the-theft-of-our-land-in-newsoms-100m-landback-proposal-indigenous-advocates-see-progress-and-they-have-questions\">a $100 million program\u003c/a> over two years for Native American tribes to buy back and preserve their ancestral lands. The funding application process is still being finalized. It’s part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/Newsom-Administration-Launches-30x30-Partnership\">30×30 conservation initiative\u003c/a> to preserve 30% of California’s land and coastal waters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land Back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet,” said Burroughs, a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://drycreekrancheria.com/\">Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians\u003c/a> in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NDN Collective’s \u003ca href=\"https://landback.org/\">national LANDBACK campaign\u003c/a> aims to bring together and support the many individual groups working to reclaim land across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern Land Back movement is nourished by the organizing power that came out of the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests in 2016–17, as well as the cultural shifts brought about by the Black Lives Matter movement. It’s also gotten a boost from the appointment of the first Native American cabinet member, Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, who leads a department that oversees one-fifth of the land in this country. Since taking office, Haaland has \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-takes-steps-restore-tribal-homelands-empower-tribal-governments\">streamlined the process\u003c/a> for tribes to acquire and consolidate land, reversing a Trump administration policy, and has helped push forward \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdup%2Finline-files%2Fdoi_annual_report_on_co-stewardship.pdf\">co-stewardship agreements (PDF)\u003c/a> for management of public lands with tribes across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we’re talking about returning land, often it’s not as radical as it seems,” said Kyle T. Mays, a UCLA professor and author of \u003cem>An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States\u003c/em>. “It’s simply that native nations are advocating for the United States to honor the treaties that they have made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nicasio, Sanchez isn’t buying land as part of a formal tribal nation, but his efforts are bound up with this history all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the dawn of California statehood, the U.S. Senate \u003ca href=\"https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/pacific/who-we-are\">refused to ratify 18 treaties\u003c/a> that had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\">negotiated with the state’s tribes (PDF)\u003c/a>, leaving most California Indians homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public pressure eventually led to the creation of the Rancheria System, similar to reservations, in the early 1900s. But by the mid-20th century, with its coffers depleted by World War II, the federal government was looking to get out of its financial obligations to tribes, Mays said, including dissolving the Rancherias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when Sanchez made the promise to his grandmother that set him on the path to the Nicasio land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just for the past, but for the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1956, his grandmother took him from his home in San Mateo to downtown San Francisco, where 400 Native Americans from around California were gathered at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium to take a vote \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23888665-rancheria-act-of-aug-18_-1958?responsive=1&title=1\">on a deal the Bureau of Indian Affairs was offering (PDF)\u003c/a>: a few hundred dollars per person in exchange for giving up their land rights.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Robby Burroughs, NDN Collective\"]‘Land back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet.’[/pullquote]Sanchez remembers people taking to the stage to protest the idea. “‘We’ll lose our sovereignty. We lose everything for a few hundred dollars,’” he recalls them saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s tribal lands were being liquidated as part of the government’s policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/indian-relocation.html\">termination and relocation\u003c/a>. Over 100 tribes across the country were cut off from federal assistance. Some were ordered to dissolve their governments and distribute their land. The U.S. wanted to assimilate members into mainstream society, and the efforts led to a mass migration from tribal lands to cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez watched the participants record their votes in pencil on small pieces of paper. Afterward, a BIA official announced the deal had passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away I felt the air just go out of the room,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was just a kid, who’d never heard the word “sovereignty” before that day, but he read a lot into the silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I felt at the time was, like, that this had happened before,” Sanchez said. “It was just one loss after another, after another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they got outside, his grandmother knelt down in front of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She stopped and looked at me in the eyes and said, ‘Don’t ever forget you’re California Indian. Don’t ever forget,’” Sanchez said. “And I swore at that time that I would never forget.”[aside postID=news_11880526 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/tule-reed-hut-1020x765.jpg']Sanchez has spent much of his adult life trying to honor that promise. He’s studied the history of his people, and in 2020 helped start the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin to preserve that history and culture and to share it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he and the council have land, they have to figure out how to make their vision for it a reality. They’re looking to people who’ve charted this path before them for guidance. Corrina Gould of the \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/\">Sogorea Te’ Land Trust\u003c/a> in the East Bay is among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould, who’s been co-leading the nonprofit as it works to return Ohlone lands to indigenous stewardship since 2012, said when her team began this undertaking they didn’t give much thought to the complex logistics involved in pulling it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, she said she would have asked, “What is it going to look like as we grow to engage in these practices of a government that really disappeared us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67092_230718-sogoreatelandtrustberkeley-08-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956345\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person with long hair, earrings and a necklace stands in the shade of a tree.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corrina Gould, chair and spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan, stands in a Sogorea Te’ Land Trust garden in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navigating the nonprofit world is difficult because it’s at odds with traditional Native ideology, she said. “You still have to follow the policies and procedures and the laws that are governed by the state of California around private land ownership, around getting tax exemption, around doing audits every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since making connections with lawyers and accountants who are helping them through the process, today Sogorea Te’ manages about 10 pieces of land, mostly in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re growing native plants, creating a seed-saving library, doing creek restoration, running a youth program and building resilience hubs, places to store and distribute resources in case of natural or human-made emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to also begin to mentor others that are beginning to do this work as well,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin are among those now benefiting from Sogorea Te’s experience. As they figure out how to fund their vision for the Nicasio land, they’re planning to apply for grants and are meeting with more potential donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he has any conflicted feelings about what it took to get this little piece of his homeland back, or about having to ask for charity from others who’ve built their wealth on this land, Sanchez doesn’t miss a beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d like to see the county give us the land, but we took it upon ourselves to get what we could when the time presented itself,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said he’s moved by the support they got. “It’s a profound feeling that people came to help us. It’s just extremely powerful, so we’re very grateful,” he said. “But all of this land is Coast Miwok land. Unceded Coast Miwok land. We didn’t sell the land. We weren’t compensated for the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That painful history is never far from his mind. There are reminders everywhere. This county’s name, Marin, comes from the name given to a Coast Miwok leader by missionaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67168_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-19-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two people look out over a valley filled with green trees and golden grasses.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hoaglin (left) and Sanchez survey their ancestral lands in the hills outside Nicasio. The tribal council plans to build a roundhouse for ceremonies on the property. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their Nicasio land is at the heart of what was once Rancho Nicasio, a land grant promised to the Coast Miwok by the Mexican government but later seized by Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a hilltop on the land, he points out an area nearby where \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/goga/coast-miwok-ethnohistory.pdf\">one of the last Coast Miwok villages (PDF)\u003c/a> was settled until it was sold off in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end, there were just three dozen Coast Miwok living together here. Those ancestors are part of what draw Sanchez to this piece of land. He wants to hold on to that heritage, and pass it on. “This isn’t just for us, this is for our generations to come,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s always seen the past here. Now he sees a future, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Part of a growing movement across the state to return lands to the original indigenous people who were forced off them, the Land Back effort has its first success in Marin County.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1692985965,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":54,"wordCount":2473},"headData":{"title":"How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin | KQED","description":"Part of a growing movement across the state to return lands to the original indigenous people who were forced off them, the Land Back effort has its first success in Marin County.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How a Coast Miwok Group Is Buying Back a Piece of Their Ancestral Land in Marin","datePublished":"2023-07-31T11:00:50.000Z","dateModified":"2023-08-25T17:52:45.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/d00ed30e-4581-44c2-91ed-b069011d98cd/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11956856/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Joe Sanchez was 8 years old, his grandmother asked him to make a promise to never forget his California Indian heritage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was determined to see the culture live on, after watching her brothers deny their Coast Miwok ancestry, a matter of economic survival in early 20th century California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, at 75, Sanchez is making good on that promise in a more ambitious way than he ever imagined: He’s bought back a piece of his ancestral homeland. In July, he and \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastmiwokofmarin.org/index.html\">the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin\u003c/a> purchased a 26-acre piece of land in the rural Marin County community of Nicasio, once Coast Miwok territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We needed a place to have ceremony, a place where we could do all those things that we always did for thousands of years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s believed to be the first modern “Land Back” effort in Marin County, part of a growing movement across California to get land back to the original indigenous people who lived on it. At least a dozen Land Back endeavors have already succeeded, from an island returned to the Wiyot tribe in Humboldt County to the Esselen tribe’s purchase of a 1,200-acre ranch near Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re home’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a sunny afternoon recently, Sanchez stood in the shade of an oak on the land in Nicasio, which is nestled in rolling hills and covered in tall grasses and brush. He said the tribal council imagines a place where they can bring together people with Coast Miwok roots from around the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/07/31/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin/rs67176_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-27-bl-qut/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11956865\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67176_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-27-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sanchez checks on the water line for fruit trees growing on their newly purchased land. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the foot of a hill that encompasses much of the property, he pointed out a flat area where they plan to build a dance arbor, a roundhouse and a sweat lodge — places to dance and sing and sit in ceremony without having to ask anyone’s permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez was joined by Dean Hoaglin, a founding member of the tribal council. “It’s beautiful to be on our land,” Hoaglin said. “We’re home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he and Sanchez helped form the council, Hoaglin said an elder told him the ancestors were calling him to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time that we come back together and that we fulfill what our ancestors always prayed for, and that was for us to come back home and to share the original teachings,” Hoaglin said, referring to indigenous values about how to live in harmony with the natural world and each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoaglin has spent 30 years teaching traditional cultural practices as part of a suicide prevention program for Native American youth in Sonoma County. He’s planning to retire this year. With the extra time, he wants to plant a garden here on their newly returned land, grow traditional foods and medicinal plants, and teach indigenous land stewardship practices.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Coast Miwok Tribal Council letter to the land's sellers","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hoaglin and Sanchez dreamed for years of having land, but it didn’t become a real possibility until they created a nonprofit — Huukuiko Inc., named after the Coast Miwok band they’re descended from — and started raising money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they found this piece of land in Nicasio for sale, it felt right. So they wrote a letter to the couple who owned it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We come to the negotiation table with you carrying the prayers and hopes of our Ancestors,” it read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They explained it would take some time for them to come up with the $1.3 million the sellers were asking, but offered something unique: “The opportunity to be part of the healing process for us, for our Ancestors, and for the land itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reminded the sellers that for some 10,000 years those ancestors had lived on this land and throughout all of what’s now Marin and much of Sonoma counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter worked. The sellers agreed to their timeline, and after two months of furious fundraising they had the money. The bulk of it came from foundations, but there were individual donors, too. One person gave $25 dollars, another $200,000, according to Nancy Binzen, a Marin County resident who managed the fundraising effort and supported the tribal council throughout this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were kind of riding a roller coaster for a while, but things came through in a big way,” Sanchez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 101 people and foundations chipped in, and on July 3 the deal closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The history of Land Back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The history of Native Americans fighting for their land is as old as attempts to take it. But efforts to reclaim ancestral lands have become increasingly visible in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout the generations, the fight has always been there,” said Robby Burroughs, the holdings managing director for \u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/\">NDN Collective\u003c/a>, a national indigenous-led organization focused on climate justice and racial and educational equity.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11921034,education_535779,arts_13920243","label":"More on Land Back "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said the difference today is that as the climate crisis has become impossible to ignore, returning land to indigenous hands is being seen as an effective way to manage natural resources. In California, the state Natural Resources Agency is rolling out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11908716/the-theft-of-our-land-in-newsoms-100m-landback-proposal-indigenous-advocates-see-progress-and-they-have-questions\">a $100 million program\u003c/a> over two years for Native American tribes to buy back and preserve their ancestral lands. The funding application process is still being finalized. It’s part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/Newsroom/Page-Content/News-List/Newsom-Administration-Launches-30x30-Partnership\">30×30 conservation initiative\u003c/a> to preserve 30% of California’s land and coastal waters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land Back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet,” said Burroughs, a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://drycreekrancheria.com/\">Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians\u003c/a> in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NDN Collective’s \u003ca href=\"https://landback.org/\">national LANDBACK campaign\u003c/a> aims to bring together and support the many individual groups working to reclaim land across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern Land Back movement is nourished by the organizing power that came out of the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests in 2016–17, as well as the cultural shifts brought about by the Black Lives Matter movement. It’s also gotten a boost from the appointment of the first Native American cabinet member, Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, who leads a department that oversees one-fifth of the land in this country. Since taking office, Haaland has \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-takes-steps-restore-tribal-homelands-empower-tribal-governments\">streamlined the process\u003c/a> for tribes to acquire and consolidate land, reversing a Trump administration policy, and has helped push forward \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdup%2Finline-files%2Fdoi_annual_report_on_co-stewardship.pdf\">co-stewardship agreements (PDF)\u003c/a> for management of public lands with tribes across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we’re talking about returning land, often it’s not as radical as it seems,” said Kyle T. Mays, a UCLA professor and author of \u003cem>An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States\u003c/em>. “It’s simply that native nations are advocating for the United States to honor the treaties that they have made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nicasio, Sanchez isn’t buying land as part of a formal tribal nation, but his efforts are bound up with this history all the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the dawn of California statehood, the U.S. Senate \u003ca href=\"https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/pacific/who-we-are\">refused to ratify 18 treaties\u003c/a> that had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\">negotiated with the state’s tribes (PDF)\u003c/a>, leaving most California Indians homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public pressure eventually led to the creation of the Rancheria System, similar to reservations, in the early 1900s. But by the mid-20th century, with its coffers depleted by World War II, the federal government was looking to get out of its financial obligations to tribes, Mays said, including dissolving the Rancherias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when Sanchez made the promise to his grandmother that set him on the path to the Nicasio land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just for the past, but for the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1956, his grandmother took him from his home in San Mateo to downtown San Francisco, where 400 Native Americans from around California were gathered at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium to take a vote \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23888665-rancheria-act-of-aug-18_-1958?responsive=1&title=1\">on a deal the Bureau of Indian Affairs was offering (PDF)\u003c/a>: a few hundred dollars per person in exchange for giving up their land rights.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Land back is not only a necessary way to repair harm done to indigenous people that’s been ongoing for generations, it’s also a way to save the planet.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Robby Burroughs, NDN Collective","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sanchez remembers people taking to the stage to protest the idea. “‘We’ll lose our sovereignty. We lose everything for a few hundred dollars,’” he recalls them saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s tribal lands were being liquidated as part of the government’s policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/indian-relocation.html\">termination and relocation\u003c/a>. Over 100 tribes across the country were cut off from federal assistance. Some were ordered to dissolve their governments and distribute their land. The U.S. wanted to assimilate members into mainstream society, and the efforts led to a mass migration from tribal lands to cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez watched the participants record their votes in pencil on small pieces of paper. Afterward, a BIA official announced the deal had passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away I felt the air just go out of the room,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was just a kid, who’d never heard the word “sovereignty” before that day, but he read a lot into the silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I felt at the time was, like, that this had happened before,” Sanchez said. “It was just one loss after another, after another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they got outside, his grandmother knelt down in front of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She stopped and looked at me in the eyes and said, ‘Don’t ever forget you’re California Indian. Don’t ever forget,’” Sanchez said. “And I swore at that time that I would never forget.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11880526","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/tule-reed-hut-1020x765.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sanchez has spent much of his adult life trying to honor that promise. He’s studied the history of his people, and in 2020 helped start the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin to preserve that history and culture and to share it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he and the council have land, they have to figure out how to make their vision for it a reality. They’re looking to people who’ve charted this path before them for guidance. Corrina Gould of the \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/\">Sogorea Te’ Land Trust\u003c/a> in the East Bay is among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould, who’s been co-leading the nonprofit as it works to return Ohlone lands to indigenous stewardship since 2012, said when her team began this undertaking they didn’t give much thought to the complex logistics involved in pulling it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, she said she would have asked, “What is it going to look like as we grow to engage in these practices of a government that really disappeared us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67092_230718-sogoreatelandtrustberkeley-08-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956345\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A person with long hair, earrings and a necklace stands in the shade of a tree.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67092_230718-SogoreaTeLandTrustBerkeley-08-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corrina Gould, chair and spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan, stands in a Sogorea Te’ Land Trust garden in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Navigating the nonprofit world is difficult because it’s at odds with traditional Native ideology, she said. “You still have to follow the policies and procedures and the laws that are governed by the state of California around private land ownership, around getting tax exemption, around doing audits every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since making connections with lawyers and accountants who are helping them through the process, today Sogorea Te’ manages about 10 pieces of land, mostly in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re growing native plants, creating a seed-saving library, doing creek restoration, running a youth program and building resilience hubs, places to store and distribute resources in case of natural or human-made emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to also begin to mentor others that are beginning to do this work as well,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and the Coast Miwok Tribal Council of Marin are among those now benefiting from Sogorea Te’s experience. As they figure out how to fund their vision for the Nicasio land, they’re planning to apply for grants and are meeting with more potential donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he has any conflicted feelings about what it took to get this little piece of his homeland back, or about having to ask for charity from others who’ve built their wealth on this land, Sanchez doesn’t miss a beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d like to see the county give us the land, but we took it upon ourselves to get what we could when the time presented itself,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said he’s moved by the support they got. “It’s a profound feeling that people came to help us. It’s just extremely powerful, so we’re very grateful,” he said. “But all of this land is Coast Miwok land. Unceded Coast Miwok land. We didn’t sell the land. We weren’t compensated for the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That painful history is never far from his mind. There are reminders everywhere. This county’s name, Marin, comes from the name given to a Coast Miwok leader by missionaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/rs67168_230721-coastmiwoklandmarin-19-bl-kqed/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two people look out over a valley filled with green trees and golden grasses.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/RS67168_230721-CoastMiwokLandMarin-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hoaglin (left) and Sanchez survey their ancestral lands in the hills outside Nicasio. The tribal council plans to build a roundhouse for ceremonies on the property. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their Nicasio land is at the heart of what was once Rancho Nicasio, a land grant promised to the Coast Miwok by the Mexican government but later seized by Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From a hilltop on the land, he points out an area nearby where \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/goga/coast-miwok-ethnohistory.pdf\">one of the last Coast Miwok villages (PDF)\u003c/a> was settled until it was sold off in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end, there were just three dozen Coast Miwok living together here. Those ancestors are part of what draw Sanchez to this piece of land. He wants to hold on to that heritage, and pass it on. “This isn’t just for us, this is for our generations to come,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s always seen the past here. Now he sees a future, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11956856/how-a-coast-miwok-group-are-buying-back-a-piece-of-their-ancestral-land-in-marin","authors":["11276"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_31097","news_27626","news_29873","news_28859","news_3729","news_30039","news_21512","news_1262","news_31956"],"featImg":"news_11956348","label":"news"},"news_11940494":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11940494","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11940494","score":null,"sort":[1676037632000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-step-towards-healing-chumash-members-reunite-sacred-rock","title":"Chumash Tribes 'Reunite' Sacred Rock in Morro Bay Ceremony","publishDate":1676037632,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Driving through the coastal city of Morro Bay, it’s hard to miss the 600-foot-tall volcanic rock sticking out of the ocean and towering over the city. The local landmark is commonly known as Morro Rock, a Spanish word with several meanings including “snout” or “round hill.” But Indigenous people of the area call it by other names: Lisamu’ by the Chumash and Lesa’mo’ by the Salinan.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Kiserotti, member, Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation\"]'Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock is sacred to both tribes, a central figure in their mythology, although the two groups have ongoing tension over whether the rock should be climbed. The Chumash object to the Salinan tradition of scaling the rock twice a year, on the winter and summer solstices. But what both tribes have in common is a painful history of the sacred rock’s desecration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1889, the Army Corps of Engineers started heavily quarrying Morro Rock, blasting 250,000 tons of rock over the course of 80 years. They used it to create breakwaters in Morro Bay and nearby Avila Beach, a deeply painful history to the Chumash and Salinan. Blasted pieces of the rock were also used in buildings around San Luis Obispo County and for the road to the rock itself, which used to be an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white archival photo of three men standing on a large rock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1020x653.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1536x983.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An archival photo taken between 1885 and 1899. The three men mining Morro Rock are Captain AA Polhamus, contractor; John Schneider, engineer; and Lester Van Fleet, foreman. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rock is now about two-thirds of its original size, and shaped differently from how even some living tribal elders remember it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Road to reunion\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers started looking at repairing the nearby Port San Luis breakwater. They reached out to the Northern Chumash Tribal Council (NCTC) to get input on what should happen to the granite that originally came from Morro Rock. Fred Collins chaired the council at the time, and told them he wanted it back.[aside postID=\"news_11933852,news_11928364\" label=\"Related Posts\"]“He wanted them to put it back together,” said Violet Sage Walker, the current chairwoman of the NCTC, and Collins’ daughter. “I imagine him thinking that they're gonna, like, glue the rock back together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps eventually put the project on hold after deciding it wasn’t feasible. But then in 2021, they contacted the Chumash — and the Salinan, who did not get involved and didn’t want to comment on it for this story — and told them they’d found a way to extract some of Morro Rock’s stones from the breakwater and return them to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reuniting the rock\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August of 2022, the NCTC brought the various Chumash tribes together to return recovered pieces of Lisamu’ to their source in a ceremony called Reunite the Rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11940498 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People stand by a boat near the shore with people sitting down on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional wooden canoes called tomols approach the shore on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tribal members rowed traditional wooden canoes called tomols to the sandy shore below the rock. The rowers were greeted on the shore by more tribal members who cheered and sang songs. About a hundred people from all parts of the Morro Bay community looked on excitedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation member Michael Kiserotti invited everyone — not just tribal members — to form a human chain to pass the stones from the beached tomols to the base of Lisamu’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness,” he said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A seat at the table\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Violet Sage Walker described that day as “spectacular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad always would tell people, we can do better. And that's an example of us doing better, doing things with more care and consideration and empathy for other people. It was a pretty amazing event,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it was meaningful to have the Army Corps “stand with us and give us back our rocks, and apologize for things that happened in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"An archival black and white photo of a section of a large rock being blown up.\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1020x740.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taken in the summer of 1895, this archival photo shows Morro Rock being actively blown up. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While she appreciated the symbolism of returning the rocks, she said it doesn’t wash away the painful and violent history of this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rock was blown up right about the time our people and our culture were, too,” she said. “In the 1880s, our people were being killed, [with] state-sanctioned killing of Indigenous people. It was after the mission system, so they were already displaced from their land, and then our sacred places were being blown up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a legacy of violence, and one that is still very much in the minds of Indigenous people here. But Sage Walker said her tribe now has a “seat at the table” when decisions are made, a hopeful sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of people form a line at the base of a large rock outside.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of people participated in Reunite the Rock's human chain, passing recovered fragments of Morro Rock one by one to the base of the rock on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, a massive offshore wind farm is planned for Morro Bay, as is the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary in the waters south of Morro Bay. While the tribe doesn’t control those projects, they are being consulted on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's bittersweet,” Sage Walker said. “These people, my ancestors, people that have suffered so much aren't here to see things like this happen. But it hopefully will be easier on the next generation, that they won't have to go through some of the things that we've gone through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps’ breakwater project will likely pick back up in the spring. The rocks’ return was a symbolic gesture, but for Sage Walker, it’s an indication the Chumash are finally being heard, listened to and included — a small step toward healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Army Corps of Engineers quarried a rock sacred to the Chumash and Salinan tribes for 80 years. Finally, Chumash members are symbolically reuniting the rock.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1676074002,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1060},"headData":{"title":"Chumash Tribes 'Reunite' Sacred Rock in Morro Bay Ceremony | KQED","description":"The Army Corps of Engineers quarried a rock sacred to the Chumash and Salinan tribes for 80 years. Finally, Chumash members are symbolically reuniting the rock.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Chumash Tribes 'Reunite' Sacred Rock in Morro Bay Ceremony","datePublished":"2023-02-10T14:00:32.000Z","dateModified":"2023-02-11T00:06:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/e40679d0-a1f8-47bd-9cb7-afa5000104fe/audio.mp3","nprByline":"Benjamin Purper","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11940494/a-step-towards-healing-chumash-members-reunite-sacred-rock","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Driving through the coastal city of Morro Bay, it’s hard to miss the 600-foot-tall volcanic rock sticking out of the ocean and towering over the city. The local landmark is commonly known as Morro Rock, a Spanish word with several meanings including “snout” or “round hill.” But Indigenous people of the area call it by other names: Lisamu’ by the Chumash and Lesa’mo’ by the Salinan.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Michael Kiserotti, member, Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock is sacred to both tribes, a central figure in their mythology, although the two groups have ongoing tension over whether the rock should be climbed. The Chumash object to the Salinan tradition of scaling the rock twice a year, on the winter and summer solstices. But what both tribes have in common is a painful history of the sacred rock’s desecration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1889, the Army Corps of Engineers started heavily quarrying Morro Rock, blasting 250,000 tons of rock over the course of 80 years. They used it to create breakwaters in Morro Bay and nearby Avila Beach, a deeply painful history to the Chumash and Salinan. Blasted pieces of the rock were also used in buildings around San Luis Obispo County and for the road to the rock itself, which used to be an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white archival photo of three men standing on a large rock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1020x653.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut-1536x983.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62636_1990_040_-68-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An archival photo taken between 1885 and 1899. The three men mining Morro Rock are Captain AA Polhamus, contractor; John Schneider, engineer; and Lester Van Fleet, foreman. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rock is now about two-thirds of its original size, and shaped differently from how even some living tribal elders remember it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Road to reunion\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers started looking at repairing the nearby Port San Luis breakwater. They reached out to the Northern Chumash Tribal Council (NCTC) to get input on what should happen to the granite that originally came from Morro Rock. Fred Collins chaired the council at the time, and told them he wanted it back.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11933852,news_11928364","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He wanted them to put it back together,” said Violet Sage Walker, the current chairwoman of the NCTC, and Collins’ daughter. “I imagine him thinking that they're gonna, like, glue the rock back together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps eventually put the project on hold after deciding it wasn’t feasible. But then in 2021, they contacted the Chumash — and the Salinan, who did not get involved and didn’t want to comment on it for this story — and told them they’d found a way to extract some of Morro Rock’s stones from the breakwater and return them to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Reuniting the rock\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August of 2022, the NCTC brought the various Chumash tribes together to return recovered pieces of Lisamu’ to their source in a ceremony called Reunite the Rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11940498 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"People stand by a boat near the shore with people sitting down on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62629_beachgreeting2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traditional wooden canoes called tomols approach the shore on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tribal members rowed traditional wooden canoes called tomols to the sandy shore below the rock. The rowers were greeted on the shore by more tribal members who cheered and sang songs. About a hundred people from all parts of the Morro Bay community looked on excitedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coastal Band of the Chumash Nation member Michael Kiserotti invited everyone — not just tribal members — to form a human chain to pass the stones from the beached tomols to the base of Lisamu’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing good happens without community, and nothing really good happens without teamwork and without inclusiveness,” he said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A seat at the table\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Violet Sage Walker described that day as “spectacular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad always would tell people, we can do better. And that's an example of us doing better, doing things with more care and consideration and empathy for other people. It was a pretty amazing event,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it was meaningful to have the Army Corps “stand with us and give us back our rocks, and apologize for things that happened in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"An archival black and white photo of a section of a large rock being blown up.\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-800x580.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1020x740.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62634_1990.040.042-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taken in the summer of 1895, this archival photo shows Morro Rock being actively blown up. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the History Center of San Luis Obispo County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While she appreciated the symbolism of returning the rocks, she said it doesn’t wash away the painful and violent history of this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rock was blown up right about the time our people and our culture were, too,” she said. “In the 1880s, our people were being killed, [with] state-sanctioned killing of Indigenous people. It was after the mission system, so they were already displaced from their land, and then our sacred places were being blown up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a legacy of violence, and one that is still very much in the minds of Indigenous people here. But Sage Walker said her tribe now has a “seat at the table” when decisions are made, a hopeful sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11940501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11940501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of people form a line at the base of a large rock outside.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62632_humanchain6-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of people participated in Reunite the Rock's human chain, passing recovered fragments of Morro Rock one by one to the base of the rock on Aug. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Purper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, a massive offshore wind farm is planned for Morro Bay, as is the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary in the waters south of Morro Bay. While the tribe doesn’t control those projects, they are being consulted on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's bittersweet,” Sage Walker said. “These people, my ancestors, people that have suffered so much aren't here to see things like this happen. But it hopefully will be easier on the next generation, that they won't have to go through some of the things that we've gone through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps’ breakwater project will likely pick back up in the spring. The rocks’ return was a symbolic gesture, but for Sage Walker, it’s an indication the Chumash are finally being heard, listened to and included — a small step toward healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11940494/a-step-towards-healing-chumash-members-reunite-sacred-rock","authors":["byline_news_11940494"],"programs":["news_26731","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_21890","news_32385","news_29873","news_32384","news_1262","news_32386"],"featImg":"news_11940499","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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