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His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. 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Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"MarkFiore","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/markfiore/?hl=en","linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Mark Fiore | KQED","description":"KQED News Cartoonist","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fc4e2a612b15b67bad0c6f0e1db4ca9b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/markfiore"},"ahall":{"type":"authors","id":"11490","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11490","found":true},"name":"Alex Hall","firstName":"Alex","lastName":"Hall","slug":"ahall","email":"ahall@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Enterprise & Accountability Reporter","bio":"Alex Hall is KQED's Enterprise and Accountability Reporter. 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Carrillo was captured on June 6, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]teven Carrillo saw the three sheriff’s deputies talking on the narrow, one-lane road leading to his father’s house in Ben Lomond, a small community in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concealed by the forest and gripping his rifle, Carrillo could hear them coordinating their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office was responding to a call about a white van with ammunition and bomb-making supplies that were visible through a window to a man installing game cameras around a nearby wooded property. The vehicle’s registration led officers to a one-room house with potted plants and a gun rack on the porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago today, on June 6, 2020, Carrillo was cornered. A week earlier, the active-duty Air Force sergeant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killed a Federal Protective Service officer and wounded his partner in a drive-by shooting\u003c/a> in front of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland as a large protest moved through the streets nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11824604 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg']Carrillo took out his phone and messaged members of the “1st Detachment, 1st California Grizzly Scouts,” a group of men he met on Facebook. The group associated itself with the anti-government \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo movement\u003c/a>, which originated online and became a rallying point for those who believe a second Civil War looms. Adherents toted guns and wore Hawaiian shirts, which the movement has co-opted, at protests following George Floyd’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks before Carrillo’s rampage, the Grizzly Scouts had discussed violent confrontations with the government and attacks on law enforcement in group messages, prosecutors said. The group also trained together at a property in the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were looking for me. They found me by pure luck,” Carrillo wrote from his hideout, requesting backup. “Kit up and get here. There’s only one road in/out. Take them out when they’re coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dude. How the f— can we get to you in an hour,” one member responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re waiting for reinforcements. I’m listening to them,” Carrillo replied. “Dudes, I offed a fed. They’re staging. Come help. I have cameras everywhere here. They’re waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Rush, a then-28-year-old U.S. Army veteran and the group’s founder, responded with an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dillo,” Rush wrote, using Carrillo’s code name, “factory reset your phone and exfil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Exfil\u003c/em> — short for exfiltration, a military term for the removal of units from an area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo ignored the directive. Instead, he opened fire with his modified assault rifle, fatally wounding one officer and sending the other two running into the woods. They radioed to try to warn others of the ambush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before fleeing, Carrillo engaged in a shoot-out with California Highway Patrol officers who answered the distress call. He carjacked a Toyota Camry and ran over one of the Santa Cruz deputies on his way down the mountain. Shot in the hip, Carrillo used his own blood to write messages on the car — “Boog,” “Stop the duopoly” and “I became unreasonable” — before abandoning it. He was ultimately arrested in a backyard after neighbors tackled and restrained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the Grizzly Scouts moved quickly to delete evidence of their communication and files about the group’s structure and activity. But it was too late. Rush and two other members \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/four-militia-group-members-plead-guilty-obstruction-justice-conspiracy\">later pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings. All three were sentenced to six months in prison. A fourth member pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice charges in addition to an unrelated charge. He was sentenced to more than 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was given a life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Jensen, senior researcher, University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)\"]‘This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes.’[/pullquote]In the three years since he was captured, significant attention has focused on Carrillo and his murders as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenmilstein.com/case-study/underwood-v-meta-platforms-inc-facebook\">the role social media played in connecting him with other extremists\u003c/a>. But scarce information is available about Rush, who grew up in Gilroy and created the Grizzly Scouts, gave the group its military structure and recruited Carrillo and other men throughout Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew Rush told KQED they were puzzled by the charges against him. A firefighter and EMT who worked in private security, Rush worked alongside former law enforcement officers, and friends said he never openly expressed anti-police sentiment to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and his attorney declined to be interviewed for this story. But a deep look into Rush’s background paints a portrait of a veteran seeking the camaraderie and sense of purpose he once found in the armed forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in military fatigues, one holding a firearm, pose for a photo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessie Rush (right) sits on a newly constructed deck at Combat Outpost Qeysar, Afghanistan, in 2011, while the soldier beside him does tricep dips. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nathan Goodall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To report this story, KQED interviewed veterans, including several who served with Rush, researchers and a California lawmaker who called for Congressional hearings on the recruitment of veterans by extremist groups, to find out how vulnerable former soldiers are — and what steps the United States government is taking to identify at-risk veterans like Rush and provide them support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes,” said Dr. Michael Jensen, senior researcher at the University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, or START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2022 START study, on average, 6.9 individuals with military backgrounds committed crimes motivated by ideology per year from 1990 to 2010. Over the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">that number has quintupled (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17% of defendants charged in connection to the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection were current or former service members, including eight from California, according to START. For comparison, about 7% of the country’s adult population are veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding the Jan. 6 cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">the rate of crimes committed by people with military backgrounds (PDF)\u003c/a> and motivated by political, social, religious or economic goals has more than tripled since 2010. The majority of cases are centered in the veteran community, as opposed to active-duty military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Stewart Rhodes, a former Army paratrooper and Yale Law School graduate who founded the far-right militia group the Oath Keepers, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and other charges for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-sentenced.html\">he was sentenced to 18 years in prison\u003c/a>. An Anti-Defamation League analysis of Oath Keepers membership data identified 117 active-duty military and estimated 1 in 10 had prior service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='extremism,veterans']In January, three active-duty Marines were charged with crimes related to their alleged involvement on Jan. 6. One of the men, based at Camp Pendleton in Southern California, wrote in an Instagram direct message that he was “waiting for the boogaloo” or “Civil war 2,” according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, an Air National Guardsman suspected of leaking a trove of national security documents on the online platform Discord was arrested in Massachusetts. Federal court documents show Jack Teixeira, 21, possessed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824103-teixeira-governments-supplemental-motion\">virtual arsenal of weapons (PDF)\u003c/a>” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824102-teixeira-declaration-of-luke-church-fbi-special-agent\">had discussed acts of violence online (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to prosecutors and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc-2021-year-in-hate-extremism-report.pdf\">there were 45 anti-government groups, including four militias, active in California (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Exactly how many veterans have been involved in extremist groups in the state is unknown due to the lack of consistent data, said Jon Lewis, research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike cases stemming from support for foreign terrorist organizations like ISIS or al-Qaida, group membership in the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, boogaloo movement, etc., is secondary and not a predicate for the criminal offense,” Lewis said. “We can identify cases in which that affiliation or ideology is explicitly identified, but it’s naturally limited by the failures of the federal and state governments to publicly share information related to these statistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, not long after rioters stormed the Capitol, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/05/2002577485/-1/-1/0/STAND-DOWN-TO-ADDRESS-EXTREMISM-IN-THE-RANKS.PDF\">ordered a military-wide stand-down to discuss extremism in the ranks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs began a series of hearings investigating the issue later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the types of things we can do to help prevent veterans from dying by suicide are the very same things we can do to help veterans avoid being pulled into extremist and violent groups,” said Rep. Mark Takano, D-Riverside, the top Democrat on the committee who called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832964-house-committee-on-veterans-affairs-the-importance-of-peer-support-in-preventing-domestic-violent-extremism\">the hearings (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takano began looking into the issue in 2019 after a hearing about online scams targeting veterans led to research on which other groups target vets, according to a former member of his staff. Groups like the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys and Three Percenters \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-veterans.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Extremism%20Report.pdf\">target veterans because of their combat and weapons experience and the air of credibility they bring (PDF)\u003c/a> to an organization, according to an accompanying report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to raise our level of support for veterans to reduce these sort of upstream stressors that can lead to some veterans turning toward extremism,” said Takano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hearings exposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHK4O7opHw\">sharp disagreement\u003c/a> in the federal government over whether time and resources should be allocated to understanding the problem — and whether one even exists. Republicans, including Mike Bost of Illinois, who is now the committee’s chair, said the hearings \u003ca href=\"https://veterans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=5922\">unfairly stigmatized veterans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952322 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of two middle-aged men in blue suits outside on a sunny day, both with trim, dark haircuts. The man on the right, who appears Latino, speaks into the ear of the other, who appears Asian. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Mark Takano (left) speaks with Rep. Raul Ruiz during a 2021 news conference with other members of the House Veterans Affairs’ Committee. \u003ccite>(Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2022, a Senate Armed Services Committee report \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy23_ndaa_bill_report.pdf\">called for an immediate halt to defense programs looking into extremism (PDF)\u003c/a>, adding, “spending additional time and resources to combat exceptionally rare instances of extremism in the military is an inappropriate use of taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans voted overwhelmingly in favor of the language while Democrats voted against it. One independent lawmaker tipped the balance in favor of the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months later, all House-passed provisions calling for further investigation of extremism in the military and broader society were \u003ca href=\"https://rollcall.com/2022/12/14/final-ndaa-removes-most-house-provisions-on-hate-groups/\">scaled back or removed from the final 2023 National Defense Authorization Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Defense Department spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3400498/sabrina-singh-deputy-press-secretary-holds-a-press-briefing/\">told reporters last month\u003c/a> that only one of the six recommendations issued by the agency’s Countering Extremism Working Group, created in the wake of Jan. 6, has been enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers say that while the involvement of veterans and active-duty military in criminal extremism is limited, it’s a problem that could be growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the veteran population in our data set, there are really two types of veterans that radicalize: individuals that are looking for the camaraderie, the sense of purpose, the friendships that they had in the military,” Jensen said. “And they find it in these extremist organizations, groups like the Oath Keepers and Three Percenter organizations and the boogaloo movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second type typically experience mental health issues such as combat-related PTSD, in addition to that same desire for camaraderie and purpose, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear exactly which factors drew Rush to the boogaloo movement, documents from multiple state and federal court cases reviewed by KQED, as well as interviews with military and extremism experts and people who knew Rush, point to numerous factors — social isolation, PTSD, challenges translating combat skills to the civilian workforce, relationship difficulties and unhealed trauma — that could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a text message from a KQED reporter, Rush, who was released from a federal prison in Santa Barbara County in November, wrote that he wanted to move on with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made my mistakes,” he wrote. “I did my time, and I’m paying my debt to society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set up for failure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“On the couch.” That’s the phrase Jack Griffith uses to describe the veterans he works with who need his help the most. In other words, those who are depressed, disinterested and unmotivated to leave the house or do much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why a lot of people make jokes about veterans living in their mom’s basement,” said Griffith, who runs Protecting Soldiers’ Rights, a nonprofit that assists veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, or TBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming out because of social anxiety,” he added. “They may have survivor’s guilt, they may have situational awareness that is going off all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951954 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long graying beard and shaved head leans against the edge of an above-ground swimming pool in the backyard of a home. He has tattoos on his arms and holds a cigarette in his left hands, and he wears baggy dark blue jeans and a dark gray sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterans advocate Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One afternoon last fall, Griffith, 41, sat at a wrought-iron table in his backyard in rural Turlock. As hummingbirds flitted around the porch, the stay-at-home dad with icy blue eyes and a long, scraggly beard lit a Camel cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every so often, a cloud of dust drifted over the fence and coated the cars in the driveway as the farmer next door drove a tractor through his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith served in the Army from 2008–2011 and deployed to Afghanistan. In 2009, he was awarded a Purple Heart after the vehicle he was riding in was hit by a 300-pound roadside bomb and he had to be medevaced out. Griffith started Protecting Soldiers’ Rights in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, he receives about 10 calls a week from veterans, including some from out of state. They call with legal questions or questions about benefits. Some call on the verge of a panic attack. Many, like Rush, come over to Griffith’s house to sit in the backyard, smoke cigarettes and just talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time the two met in February 2019, Rush wasn’t “on the couch.” But Griffith suspected he was headed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell he was reminiscent of his military service. I’m reminiscent,” Griffith said, holding back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Anonymous veteran who served in Afghanistan with Jessie Rush\"]‘How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people … How do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer.’[/pullquote]Rush was a cannon crewmember in the Army from November 2009–March 2014 and deployed to Afghanistan in March 2011. That year, the Gilroy Dispatch published a letter from Rush’s mother about her son’s unit distributing school supplies to Afghan children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to share the following story about the humanity of war and the hearts of our soldiers in Afghanistan,” Christina Soares wrote. “Through all the bad they still made time to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, Soares \u003ca href=\"http://documentcloud.org/documents/23832068-christina-soares-letter\">wrote another letter (PDF)\u003c/a>. This time, it was addressed to U.S. District Judge James Donato. Soares described Rush’s difficult childhood, his father’s abuse, the time he spent in an orphanage and foster care, and his time in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After deployment Jessie came home and I knew he was different,” Soares wrote. “He no longer had that twinkle in his eye or the innocence in his smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, when Rush was home on leave and heard neighbors setting off fireworks, he “hit the floor in the fetal position and cried out for his brothers,” according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a December 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834701-defendants-sentencing-memo-and-motion-for-variance\">sentencing memo (PDF)\u003c/a>, Rush’s attorney, Adam Pennella, wrote that Rush “observed carnage and death on a daily basis” in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This included attempting to save a civilian whose intestines were falling out by holding them in place with his hands,” Pennella wrote. “Others in his unit were injured and killed, including one of his closest friends from basic training. Then in the years after discharge, multiple of his friends from the military died (one from an overdose, another from a brain aneurism, and a third from suicide).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832993-fowler-letter\">another letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to Judge Donato, retired Army Sgt. Charles Fowler said that Rush had struggled with PTSD but the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs “did not offer Jessie much help in adjusting therapy or medications.” Fowler also wrote that he had talked with Rush about maintaining the skills they learned in the military, adding, “though we had to be careful because outside of the combat zone, we are not cleared to create our own rules of engagement to deal with items we deem as threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, 29% of the men and women who served in Iraq and Afghanistan will experience symptoms of PTSD at some point in their lives. Carl Castro, director of Military and Veterans Programs at the University of Southern California’s Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and a retired Army colonel, said PTSD is one of many factors that can lead a veteran to have an unsuccessful transition to civilian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A veteran might question who they are and whether the sacrifices made in going to war were worth it, according to Castro. One way to regain that sense of identity is to utilize military skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to feel valued as a person,” Castro said. “And one way they do that is by joining an organization that values them, that will tell them, ‘We value you, you are important.’ And not only that, give them an important leadership role in the organization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran who served in Afghanistan with Rush and spoke to KQED on condition of anonymity because of concerns about speaking publicly about a sensitive criminal case, said when he heard about Rush’s case, he wasn’t surprised someone from his unit had been involved in extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all get set up for failure going into the armed forces,” he said. “Twenty-four seven, 365, we literally thought someone was going to cut our head off or shoot us. That can change the rest of your life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a soldier leaves the military, he added, job prospects can be limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people — and I can march with 20–30 pounds on my back, I can take apart a gun with my eyes closed in two minutes — how do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Rush’s family for comment were unsuccessful. In a Facebook message, Soares responded to a question about her son with, “You’re wasting your time ma’am.” After a reporter left a business card at Rush’s apartment, a woman identifying herself as “Julie” left a voicemail saying the reporter would be pepper-sprayed if they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year after Griffith met Rush, Rush launched the Grizzly Scouts. “They say the west won’t boog, were [sic] here to gather like minded Californians who can network and establish local goon squads,” Rush wrote in the description of the Facebook group he started, according to prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that whole group, whatever the group was, it was more role-play for him,” Griffith said. “I’m afraid that maybe he was trying to impress. I’m hoping he was trying to impress. I just never saw it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Paid to be paranoid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jerame Ayers sat behind the wheel of a white Jeep pickup truck at an intersection in Modesto and pointed out things the student beside him should be mindful of while working a private security protection job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at people in their cars,” Ayers said. “Keep an eye out for people doing anything unusual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayers, 46, wore a black baseball cap with a patch on the front showing the silhouette of a rifle over an American flag. The radio was tuned to SiriusXM Patriot. The two were driving to a mock protest scenario, part of the curriculum at the Academy for Professional Development, the Modesto trade school Ayers, an Army veteran, owns and operates. The school offers EMT and private security training courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, everybody becomes paranoid who goes through my training. It never turns off,” he said. “You get paid to be paranoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951971 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken from the backseat of a vehicle from behind the driver's side. Blurry in the foreground, and in focus in the rearview mirror, we see a light-skinned man in a black baseball cap driving and looking to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers, CEO of the Academy for Professional Development, teaches an executive protection class in Modesto on Nov. 14, 2022. Executive protection provides security for politicians, celebrities and anyone needing protection against public threats. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, shortly after he met Griffith, Rush enrolled in Ayers’ 30-day security specialist course, where students learn to guard high-profile clients like CEOs, politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a career path, protection is popular with veterans who already possess some of the necessary skills, Ayers said. Jobs in the field can bridge the gap between combat and a return to civilian employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I kind of teach them is reintegration,” Ayers said. “But do not let the warrior mindset fade off, because you’re going to need that in this industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush taught EMT classes at the school and began working jobs in private security, an industry he was well suited for but one that “exacerbated his paranoia and vigilance,” according to his attorney Pennella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from periodically visiting his father, Rush mostly kept to himself, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jessie didn’t have a community,” Griffith said. “Jessie had an apartment. And he had a wife. And he had me and Jerame after that. He didn’t have people to have his back around here. He didn’t have people to even hang out with around here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush found his community online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"William Braniff, director, START\"]‘[T]hink about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism. This is the story of the KKK … There’s a pattern here.’[/pullquote]According to a June 2022 report filed in state court on Carrillo’s “social history and mental decline,” Carrillo found Rush and the Grizzly Scouts in April 2020. After Carrillo joined Facebook groups in support of Second Amendment protections and libertarian ideals, the platform’s algorithm suggested other groups he might be interested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was /K/alifornia Kommando, the Facebook group run by Rush, where prosecutors say he recruited for the Grizzly Scouts. Rush invited Carrillo to the Grizzly Scouts’ group chats and asked Carrillo to sign a liability release, a nondisclosure agreement and an employment application that requested information about Carrillo’s military experience. Rush also sent Carrillo a packing list for an in-person meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo later described the Grizzly Scouts as a “paramilitary organization that viewed police as the enemy.” The group was mostly made up of veterans upset with the government for various reasons, including the state of the veteran health care system, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952314 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a web-based document, with some text highlighted in yellow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this graphic first obtained and published by ProPublica, UC Berkeley Journalism’s Investigative Reporting Program and Frontline, candidates for the Grizzly Scouts are asked to provide details of their prior military experience and firearms training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/i-felt-hate-more-than-anything-how-an-active-duty-airman-tried-to-start-a-civil-war\">ProPublica\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Court records show members of the group were given ranks. As commanding officer, Rush held the rank of major. Robert Jesus Blancas, a transient Castro Valley resident, was responsible for security and intelligence, while Kenny Miksch of San Lorenzo was in charge of training and firearms instruction. They were named first lieutenants. Simon Sage Ybarra of Los Gatos held the rank of corporal and was responsible for recruitment. Carrillo was made staff sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22123771/indictment.pdf\">Members discussed tactics for killing police in a WhatsApp group chat labeled “209 Goon HQ” (PDF)\u003c/a>, a reference to the Central Valley area code, according to a March 2021 indictment. At one point, Rush messaged another member: “The gov spent 100s of thousands of dollars on training me, im gonna use that shit,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">court records show (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, Rush invited Carrillo to a secluded ranch east of Turlock and told him to bring guns, ammunition, a burner phone and other supplies. Carrillo met with the Grizzly Scouts twice — around May 9 and May 16. He returned home “energized and ecstatic, keenly focused on the mission of the group, and agitated about police misconduct,” Carrillo’s then-girlfriend said, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith and Ayers said Rush invited them to hang out with the Grizzly Scouts, but they declined. Neither thought the group was anything unusual. When Griffith asked Rush who would be there, he said Rush responded, “Like-minded people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951953 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man with a long, scraggly beard reaches over a chest-high wire fence to pet the nose of a white mutt, whose nose is in the air to reach the man's hand. They are surrounded by a scrubby lawn of dirt and grass, and sunlight filters through light green tree cover behind them, alongside a one-story shed with beige siding.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith pets his dog at his home in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data show 84% of people with military backgrounds who committed extremist crimes from 1990 to 2021 did so after leaving the military. On average, crimes were committed 15 years after discharge, according to START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most infamous examples of violent extremism in U.S. history is the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Hundreds of people were injured by the blast that killed 168, 19 of whom were children. The perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an Army veteran, private security guard and white supremacist assisted by a man he met in basic training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not illogical if you think about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism,” said William Braniff, director of START. “This is the story of the KKK, both after the Civil War, but then after World War I and II, in Korea and Vietnam. There’s a pattern here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Buckley, an Army veteran who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan from 2013 to 2016 and now helps young people deradicalize as an intervention specialist with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents4peace.org/our-team/\">Parents for Peace\u003c/a>, said there’s no shortage of reasons why veterans get involved in extremism. Buckley told KQED his own radicalization began inside the military. Learning to dehumanize his enemy was a tool that served him well emotionally in combat, but was never deactivated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home with this hatred towards Muslims that was left completely unchecked,” said Buckley. “Then about six months after I got home, I started to have my experiences with PTSD. And I started to really break down mentally. Couple that with substance abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he needed help, the KKK was there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t come at me with pitchforks, burning crosses and robes,” said Buckley, who testified in front of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs in March 2022. “They were like, ‘Hey, man, what’s going on, bro? Like, you need help with Christmas? Here’s some food, bro. Let’s take care of your family before we talk about what we do.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the first time anybody had reached out to help me. The VA wasn’t,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to an email asking what the VA is doing to support veterans vulnerable to recruitment by extremist groups, Press Secretary Terrence Hayes said the agency is committed to educating veterans on how to identify disinformation and predatory practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any group of Americans, the Veteran community is not a monolith. The overwhelming majority of Veterans neither commit nor condone extremism-related violence,” he wrote. “VA will take action where necessary to abide by laws that protect our country against a tiny minority committed to domestic violent extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Sanders, who served as a medic in Afghanistan alongside Rush and is now a nurse in Texas, said groups like the Proud Boys and “other wannabe militias” prey on veterans searching for belonging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got out of the military, I worked at a military surplus store, and it was weekly,” he said. “People are handing me their cards like, ‘Hey, you know, we’ve got this club,’ or ‘We’ve got this group. We meet up on the weekends, bring your family and do all this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders was initially attracted to the displays of camaraderie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you start reading into it. You’re looking at their pictures and it’s like, ‘Oh, there’s only white people in here,’” he said. “It’s the equivalent of a gang to me. Gangs don’t prey on well-established people. Gangs prey on people that are looking for that acceptance and approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I offed a fed’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, the Grizzly Scouts prepared for an operation at a protest in Sacramento, according to prosecutors. Members distributed an “Operations Order” that identified law enforcement as “enemy forces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 27, 2020, Carrillo and Ybarra met behind a gas station in Los Gatos to assemble an assault rifle in the back of Carrillo’s van. The next day, Carrillo contacted Ybarra about attending a protest in Oakland, to “snipe some you know what’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ybarra didn’t respond. Instead he reached out to Rush, saying, “just wanted to make sure we are on the same page, and that targeting innocents doesn’t fly with me even if they are wearing a badge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush agreed, but said, “yea we need to actually develop targets and cases, be smart. They want war, then we bring em war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">He went on (PDF)\u003c/a>: “We can start developing case files, gathering intel, and doing it just like big bro does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“im not about the fireworks,” he continued. “im more like a surgeon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 29, 2020, Carrillo rode to Oakland in a white van, allegedly driven by Robert Alvin Justus Jr., another man he met online. As they drove past the Federal Building, Carrillo flung open the sliding door and unloaded a fusillade of bullets toward two Federal Protective Service officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killing David Patrick Underwood, 53, and wounding Sombat Mifkovic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputies were in Ben Lomond responding to a call about a white van with weapons inside. Carrillo ambushed the officers, killing Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, and wounding Deputy Alex Spencer, 32 at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, Ybarra drove to Turlock to meet with Rush, prosecutors said, and group members conspired to erase conversations from their phones in which they discussed attacking police. Blancas destroyed Dropbox files related to the group’s structure, onboarding and operations, telling Ybarra a month later, “All physical files I had were literally burned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He removed our platform and robbed our message,” Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832071-govuscourtscand375526170_1\">wrote to the Grizzly Scouts (PDF)\u003c/a>, referring to Carrillo. “Unfortunately we would almost have to wait for the next one. Which is disgusting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grizzly Scouts switched to a new messaging platform they thought would be more secure, according to prosecutors. A couple of weeks later, Rush began contacting members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jump on [another communication’s platform] if you miss us were [sic] reinventing and if you wanna be apart [sic] of it we’d love to have you back,” Rush said to one member, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On an overcast afternoon last September, firearm enthusiasts inside a gun show at the Stanislaus County Fairgrounds perused tables stacked with Army fatigues, old tactical manuals, knives and bulletproof vests. Every so often, a loud jolt came from a corner where a stun gun was being demoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one booth, a man and a woman wearing “California State Militia, 2nd Regiment” T-shirts answered a young man’s questions. Across the aisle, a group of men browsed ammunition magazines modified to hold no more than 10 rounds, per California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he browsed the exhibits, stopping occasionally to talk with vendors, Ayers said he believed Rush may have talked about violence that he didn’t actually plan to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vets, we all get together and hang out,” Ayers said. “I think he got in over his head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, when coverage of Carrillo’s violence was on the news, Rush stopped by Ayers’ school and told him: “I know the two guys that are involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951952 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man looks seriously at the camera standing in front of a storefront at a strip mall next to a banner showing an insignia featuring a snake and two falcons. The man wears a black hat with an American flag, glasses, a dark fleece, and blue jeans.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers stands outside his school in Modesto, on Nov. 14, 2022. The school offers executive protection, physical security and EMT classes. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘How’d that all go down?’ He’s like, ‘No, we all hung out. And those two individuals were at the place that we hung out,'” Ayers said. “I’m like, ‘I hope you’re not connected to them.’ He says, ‘I mean, other than meeting up with them, but I would never think they’d go do this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August that year, the FBI executed search warrants for Rush’s apartment and the homes of other Grizzly Scout members. When he found out about the raid, Ayers said he asked Rush if there was something he wasn’t telling him. “He’s like, ‘No,'” Ayers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith, too, remembered the raid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that was kind of where I was like, ‘This is federal territory, buddy,'” Griffith said. “We don’t touch this. This isn’t about PTSD and TBI. If the FBI is knocking [on] your door or kicking or whatever, that’s more serious than what we can handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2021, Ayers said, he received a text from Rush saying FBI agents wanted to meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘They didn’t arrest you then, and now they want to talk to you?’ I go, ‘If they are going to talk to you, go there, do what you’re supposed to do,” Ayers said. “You participate, you do what you’re told.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Griffith found out Rush was being summoned by federal agents, he drove to the meeting at a Turlock Police Department precinct to offer support. Rush was already handcuffed in the back of a black SUV when he arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834714-indictment\">other Grizzly Scout members were indicted (PDF)\u003c/a> on charges including conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings, destruction of records in official proceedings and obstruction of official proceedings. At sentencing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834715-sentencing-transcript-rush-ybarra-miksch\">Rush told the court he was “fearful and paranoid” (PDF)\u003c/a> at the time he created the Grizzly Scouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was exposed to so much rhetoric that seemed contradictory,” he said. “Things that were being said by the government on social media, the state, and just in the news in general just seems like it was pushing back against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew O’Bryan, who served with Rush and stayed in contact with him, said the charges didn’t sound like Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started [the group] so that veterans like him and me could have just a little bit of normalcy,” said O’Bryan, who wrote a letter on Rush’s behalf before sentencing. “He said that some guy in his group was apparently going off the deep end saying some crazy stuff, and that they all came after him because he was the one who put that stuff together just trying to help people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Rush, both Ybarra and Miksch pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings and were sentenced to six months in prison in May 2022. Both were released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blancas was sentenced to 10 ½ years after pleading guilty to charges tied to the Grizzly Scouts case and explicit conversations with underage girls that FBI agents uncovered during a search of his electronic devices. He is currently serving time at a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is incarcerated at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione in Amador County. Through his attorney in the federal case, he declined to be interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951972 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long beard sits outdoors in the shade of a tree, at a table with a red table cloth. On the table in front of him are a pack of cigarettes, a lighter, a white mug, a cellphone, and a short stack of papers.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By November, the hummingbirds in Griffith’s backyard were gone. A stack of magazines sat on the table wrinkled, having been left out in the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith looked at a text he had received the previous morning. It was from Rush. Out of prison, he asked if Griffith wanted to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I rose my hand, basically donating my life to this country,” Griffith said. “And that oath is not over. And it states foreign and domestic. That puts him in a column of which, if we were out in public, he would be a threat. We’re supposed to be on the same side and now I have to look at you as a threat. You’d be the one that I’m watching in a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, the two went on a drive. Rush was tight-lipped, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel like I wasn’t enough,” Griffith said, choking back tears. “This is just as shocking as losing someone to suicide that you thought was on the right path. You put in all that work. You think everything’s going one direction, and then either they’re gone or they’re so far offtrack you don’t even realize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many veterans feel left behind by Veterans Affairs — and more are committing crimes motivated by ideology, studies show. How much radicalization is in the ranks?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1686074292,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":142,"wordCount":6638},"headData":{"title":"Murder, the Military and Radicalization: How Much Is Tied to a Lack of Support for Veterans? | KQED","description":"Many veterans feel left behind by Veterans Affairs — and more are committing crimes motivated by ideology, studies show. How much radicalization is in the ranks?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Murder, the Military and Radicalization: How Much Is Tied to a Lack of Support for Veterans?","datePublished":"2023-06-06T12:01:30.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-06T17:58:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/374d3469-dac8-45f6-9e8d-b019011a4902/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11952237/murder-the-military-and-radicalization-how-much-is-tied-to-a-lack-of-support-for-veterans","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessie Rush, Kenny Miksch and Simon Sage Ybarra were sentenced to six months in prison after admitting they destroyed evidence of their communication with fellow boogaloo militia member Steven Carrillo, who murdered two law enforcement officers as a racial uprising gripped California and the nation. Carrillo was captured on June 6, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>teven Carrillo saw the three sheriff’s deputies talking on the narrow, one-lane road leading to his father’s house in Ben Lomond, a small community in the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concealed by the forest and gripping his rifle, Carrillo could hear them coordinating their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office was responding to a call about a white van with ammunition and bomb-making supplies that were visible through a window to a man installing game cameras around a nearby wooded property. The vehicle’s registration led officers to a one-room house with potted plants and a gun rack on the porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago today, on June 6, 2020, Carrillo was cornered. A week earlier, the active-duty Air Force sergeant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killed a Federal Protective Service officer and wounded his partner in a drive-by shooting\u003c/a> in front of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland as a large protest moved through the streets nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11824604","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Carrillo-van-oakland-1020x631.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Carrillo took out his phone and messaged members of the “1st Detachment, 1st California Grizzly Scouts,” a group of men he met on Facebook. The group associated itself with the anti-government \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/01/27/who-are-boogaloos-who-were-visible-capitol-and-later-rallies\">boogaloo movement\u003c/a>, which originated online and became a rallying point for those who believe a second Civil War looms. Adherents toted guns and wore Hawaiian shirts, which the movement has co-opted, at protests following George Floyd’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks before Carrillo’s rampage, the Grizzly Scouts had discussed violent confrontations with the government and attacks on law enforcement in group messages, prosecutors said. The group also trained together at a property in the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were looking for me. They found me by pure luck,” Carrillo wrote from his hideout, requesting backup. “Kit up and get here. There’s only one road in/out. Take them out when they’re coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dude. How the f— can we get to you in an hour,” one member responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re waiting for reinforcements. I’m listening to them,” Carrillo replied. “Dudes, I offed a fed. They’re staging. Come help. I have cameras everywhere here. They’re waiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Rush, a then-28-year-old U.S. Army veteran and the group’s founder, responded with an order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dillo,” Rush wrote, using Carrillo’s code name, “factory reset your phone and exfil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Exfil\u003c/em> — short for exfiltration, a military term for the removal of units from an area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo ignored the directive. Instead, he opened fire with his modified assault rifle, fatally wounding one officer and sending the other two running into the woods. They radioed to try to warn others of the ambush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before fleeing, Carrillo engaged in a shoot-out with California Highway Patrol officers who answered the distress call. He carjacked a Toyota Camry and ran over one of the Santa Cruz deputies on his way down the mountain. Shot in the hip, Carrillo used his own blood to write messages on the car — “Boog,” “Stop the duopoly” and “I became unreasonable” — before abandoning it. He was ultimately arrested in a backyard after neighbors tackled and restrained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to prosecutors, the Grizzly Scouts moved quickly to delete evidence of their communication and files about the group’s structure and activity. But it was too late. Rush and two other members \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/four-militia-group-members-plead-guilty-obstruction-justice-conspiracy\">later pleaded guilty\u003c/a> to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings. All three were sentenced to six months in prison. A fourth member pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice charges in addition to an unrelated charge. He was sentenced to more than 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo was given a life sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Michael Jensen, senior researcher, University of Maryland National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the three years since he was captured, significant attention has focused on Carrillo and his murders as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenmilstein.com/case-study/underwood-v-meta-platforms-inc-facebook\">the role social media played in connecting him with other extremists\u003c/a>. But scarce information is available about Rush, who grew up in Gilroy and created the Grizzly Scouts, gave the group its military structure and recruited Carrillo and other men throughout Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who knew Rush told KQED they were puzzled by the charges against him. A firefighter and EMT who worked in private security, Rush worked alongside former law enforcement officers, and friends said he never openly expressed anti-police sentiment to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and his attorney declined to be interviewed for this story. But a deep look into Rush’s background paints a portrait of a veteran seeking the camaraderie and sense of purpose he once found in the armed forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Two men in military fatigues, one holding a firearm, pose for a photo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/032511_Rush_03-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessie Rush (right) sits on a newly constructed deck at Combat Outpost Qeysar, Afghanistan, in 2011, while the soldier beside him does tricep dips. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Nathan Goodall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To report this story, KQED interviewed veterans, including several who served with Rush, researchers and a California lawmaker who called for Congressional hearings on the recruitment of veterans by extremist groups, to find out how vulnerable former soldiers are — and what steps the United States government is taking to identify at-risk veterans like Rush and provide them support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an uncommon story that we see in the veterans and the data that we’ve collected who [have been] radicalized to the point of committing crimes,” said Dr. Michael Jensen, senior researcher at the University of Maryland’s National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, or START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2022 START study, on average, 6.9 individuals with military backgrounds committed crimes motivated by ideology per year from 1990 to 2010. Over the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">that number has quintupled (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17% of defendants charged in connection to the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection were current or former service members, including eight from California, according to START. For comparison, about 7% of the country’s adult population are veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding the Jan. 6 cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23830338-start-research-brief-april-2023\">the rate of crimes committed by people with military backgrounds (PDF)\u003c/a> and motivated by political, social, religious or economic goals has more than tripled since 2010. The majority of cases are centered in the veteran community, as opposed to active-duty military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Stewart Rhodes, a former Army paratrooper and Yale Law School graduate who founded the far-right militia group the Oath Keepers, was convicted of seditious conspiracy and other charges for crimes related to the breach of the U.S. Capitol. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/us/politics/oath-keepers-stewart-rhodes-sentenced.html\">he was sentenced to 18 years in prison\u003c/a>. An Anti-Defamation League analysis of Oath Keepers membership data identified 117 active-duty military and estimated 1 in 10 had prior service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"extremism,veterans"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In January, three active-duty Marines were charged with crimes related to their alleged involvement on Jan. 6. One of the men, based at Camp Pendleton in Southern California, wrote in an Instagram direct message that he was “waiting for the boogaloo” or “Civil war 2,” according to court records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, an Air National Guardsman suspected of leaking a trove of national security documents on the online platform Discord was arrested in Massachusetts. Federal court documents show Jack Teixeira, 21, possessed a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824103-teixeira-governments-supplemental-motion\">virtual arsenal of weapons (PDF)\u003c/a>” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23824102-teixeira-declaration-of-luke-church-fbi-special-agent\">had discussed acts of violence online (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to prosecutors and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/splc-2021-year-in-hate-extremism-report.pdf\">there were 45 anti-government groups, including four militias, active in California (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Exactly how many veterans have been involved in extremist groups in the state is unknown due to the lack of consistent data, said Jon Lewis, research fellow at the Program on Extremism at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike cases stemming from support for foreign terrorist organizations like ISIS or al-Qaida, group membership in the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, boogaloo movement, etc., is secondary and not a predicate for the criminal offense,” Lewis said. “We can identify cases in which that affiliation or ideology is explicitly identified, but it’s naturally limited by the failures of the federal and state governments to publicly share information related to these statistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, not long after rioters stormed the Capitol, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/05/2002577485/-1/-1/0/STAND-DOWN-TO-ADDRESS-EXTREMISM-IN-THE-RANKS.PDF\">ordered a military-wide stand-down to discuss extremism in the ranks (PDF)\u003c/a>. The House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs began a series of hearings investigating the issue later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the types of things we can do to help prevent veterans from dying by suicide are the very same things we can do to help veterans avoid being pulled into extremist and violent groups,” said Rep. Mark Takano, D-Riverside, the top Democrat on the committee who called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832964-house-committee-on-veterans-affairs-the-importance-of-peer-support-in-preventing-domestic-violent-extremism\">the hearings (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takano began looking into the issue in 2019 after a hearing about online scams targeting veterans led to research on which other groups target vets, according to a former member of his staff. Groups like the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys and Three Percenters \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-veterans.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Extremism%20Report.pdf\">target veterans because of their combat and weapons experience and the air of credibility they bring (PDF)\u003c/a> to an organization, according to an accompanying report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to raise our level of support for veterans to reduce these sort of upstream stressors that can lead to some veterans turning toward extremism,” said Takano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hearings exposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHK4O7opHw\">sharp disagreement\u003c/a> in the federal government over whether time and resources should be allocated to understanding the problem — and whether one even exists. Republicans, including Mike Bost of Illinois, who is now the committee’s chair, said the hearings \u003ca href=\"https://veterans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=5922\">unfairly stigmatized veterans\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952322 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up of two middle-aged men in blue suits outside on a sunny day, both with trim, dark haircuts. The man on the right, who appears Latino, speaks into the ear of the other, who appears Asian. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66108_GettyImages-1233119349-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Mark Takano (left) speaks with Rep. Raul Ruiz during a 2021 news conference with other members of the House Veterans Affairs’ Committee. \u003ccite>(Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In July 2022, a Senate Armed Services Committee report \u003ca href=\"https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fy23_ndaa_bill_report.pdf\">called for an immediate halt to defense programs looking into extremism (PDF)\u003c/a>, adding, “spending additional time and resources to combat exceptionally rare instances of extremism in the military is an inappropriate use of taxpayer funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans voted overwhelmingly in favor of the language while Democrats voted against it. One independent lawmaker tipped the balance in favor of the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several months later, all House-passed provisions calling for further investigation of extremism in the military and broader society were \u003ca href=\"https://rollcall.com/2022/12/14/final-ndaa-removes-most-house-provisions-on-hate-groups/\">scaled back or removed from the final 2023 National Defense Authorization Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Defense Department spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/3400498/sabrina-singh-deputy-press-secretary-holds-a-press-briefing/\">told reporters last month\u003c/a> that only one of the six recommendations issued by the agency’s Countering Extremism Working Group, created in the wake of Jan. 6, has been enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers say that while the involvement of veterans and active-duty military in criminal extremism is limited, it’s a problem that could be growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the veteran population in our data set, there are really two types of veterans that radicalize: individuals that are looking for the camaraderie, the sense of purpose, the friendships that they had in the military,” Jensen said. “And they find it in these extremist organizations, groups like the Oath Keepers and Three Percenter organizations and the boogaloo movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second type typically experience mental health issues such as combat-related PTSD, in addition to that same desire for camaraderie and purpose, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s unclear exactly which factors drew Rush to the boogaloo movement, documents from multiple state and federal court cases reviewed by KQED, as well as interviews with military and extremism experts and people who knew Rush, point to numerous factors — social isolation, PTSD, challenges translating combat skills to the civilian workforce, relationship difficulties and unhealed trauma — that could have played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a text message from a KQED reporter, Rush, who was released from a federal prison in Santa Barbara County in November, wrote that he wanted to move on with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made my mistakes,” he wrote. “I did my time, and I’m paying my debt to society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Set up for failure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“On the couch.” That’s the phrase Jack Griffith uses to describe the veterans he works with who need his help the most. In other words, those who are depressed, disinterested and unmotivated to leave the house or do much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why a lot of people make jokes about veterans living in their mom’s basement,” said Griffith, who runs Protecting Soldiers’ Rights, a nonprofit that assists veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury, or TBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not coming out because of social anxiety,” he added. “They may have survivor’s guilt, they may have situational awareness that is going off all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951954 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long graying beard and shaved head leans against the edge of an above-ground swimming pool in the backyard of a home. He has tattoos on his arms and holds a cigarette in his left hands, and he wears baggy dark blue jeans and a dark gray sweatshirt.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60385_011_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterans advocate Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One afternoon last fall, Griffith, 41, sat at a wrought-iron table in his backyard in rural Turlock. As hummingbirds flitted around the porch, the stay-at-home dad with icy blue eyes and a long, scraggly beard lit a Camel cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every so often, a cloud of dust drifted over the fence and coated the cars in the driveway as the farmer next door drove a tractor through his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith served in the Army from 2008–2011 and deployed to Afghanistan. In 2009, he was awarded a Purple Heart after the vehicle he was riding in was hit by a 300-pound roadside bomb and he had to be medevaced out. Griffith started Protecting Soldiers’ Rights in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, he receives about 10 calls a week from veterans, including some from out of state. They call with legal questions or questions about benefits. Some call on the verge of a panic attack. Many, like Rush, come over to Griffith’s house to sit in the backyard, smoke cigarettes and just talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time the two met in February 2019, Rush wasn’t “on the couch.” But Griffith suspected he was headed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell he was reminiscent of his military service. I’m reminiscent,” Griffith said, holding back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people … How do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Anonymous veteran who served in Afghanistan with Jessie Rush","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rush was a cannon crewmember in the Army from November 2009–March 2014 and deployed to Afghanistan in March 2011. That year, the Gilroy Dispatch published a letter from Rush’s mother about her son’s unit distributing school supplies to Afghan children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to share the following story about the humanity of war and the hearts of our soldiers in Afghanistan,” Christina Soares wrote. “Through all the bad they still made time to do good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years later, Soares \u003ca href=\"http://documentcloud.org/documents/23832068-christina-soares-letter\">wrote another letter (PDF)\u003c/a>. This time, it was addressed to U.S. District Judge James Donato. Soares described Rush’s difficult childhood, his father’s abuse, the time he spent in an orphanage and foster care, and his time in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After deployment Jessie came home and I knew he was different,” Soares wrote. “He no longer had that twinkle in his eye or the innocence in his smile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, when Rush was home on leave and heard neighbors setting off fireworks, he “hit the floor in the fetal position and cried out for his brothers,” according to the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a December 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834701-defendants-sentencing-memo-and-motion-for-variance\">sentencing memo (PDF)\u003c/a>, Rush’s attorney, Adam Pennella, wrote that Rush “observed carnage and death on a daily basis” in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This included attempting to save a civilian whose intestines were falling out by holding them in place with his hands,” Pennella wrote. “Others in his unit were injured and killed, including one of his closest friends from basic training. Then in the years after discharge, multiple of his friends from the military died (one from an overdose, another from a brain aneurism, and a third from suicide).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832993-fowler-letter\">another letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to Judge Donato, retired Army Sgt. Charles Fowler said that Rush had struggled with PTSD but the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs “did not offer Jessie much help in adjusting therapy or medications.” Fowler also wrote that he had talked with Rush about maintaining the skills they learned in the military, adding, “though we had to be careful because outside of the combat zone, we are not cleared to create our own rules of engagement to deal with items we deem as threats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, 29% of the men and women who served in Iraq and Afghanistan will experience symptoms of PTSD at some point in their lives. Carl Castro, director of Military and Veterans Programs at the University of Southern California’s Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and a retired Army colonel, said PTSD is one of many factors that can lead a veteran to have an unsuccessful transition to civilian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A veteran might question who they are and whether the sacrifices made in going to war were worth it, according to Castro. One way to regain that sense of identity is to utilize military skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to feel valued as a person,” Castro said. “And one way they do that is by joining an organization that values them, that will tell them, ‘We value you, you are important.’ And not only that, give them an important leadership role in the organization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One veteran who served in Afghanistan with Rush and spoke to KQED on condition of anonymity because of concerns about speaking publicly about a sensitive criminal case, said when he heard about Rush’s case, he wasn’t surprised someone from his unit had been involved in extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all get set up for failure going into the armed forces,” he said. “Twenty-four seven, 365, we literally thought someone was going to cut our head off or shoot us. That can change the rest of your life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a soldier leaves the military, he added, job prospects can be limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you convert kicking down doors and knowing how to kill people — and I can march with 20–30 pounds on my back, I can take apart a gun with my eyes closed in two minutes — how do you convert that into civilian work? You can’t. Unless you’re a security guard or a police officer,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Rush’s family for comment were unsuccessful. In a Facebook message, Soares responded to a question about her son with, “You’re wasting your time ma’am.” After a reporter left a business card at Rush’s apartment, a woman identifying herself as “Julie” left a voicemail saying the reporter would be pepper-sprayed if they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year after Griffith met Rush, Rush launched the Grizzly Scouts. “They say the west won’t boog, were [sic] here to gather like minded Californians who can network and establish local goon squads,” Rush wrote in the description of the Facebook group he started, according to prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that whole group, whatever the group was, it was more role-play for him,” Griffith said. “I’m afraid that maybe he was trying to impress. I’m hoping he was trying to impress. I just never saw it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Paid to be paranoid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jerame Ayers sat behind the wheel of a white Jeep pickup truck at an intersection in Modesto and pointed out things the student beside him should be mindful of while working a private security protection job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at people in their cars,” Ayers said. “Keep an eye out for people doing anything unusual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayers, 46, wore a black baseball cap with a patch on the front showing the silhouette of a rifle over an American flag. The radio was tuned to SiriusXM Patriot. The two were driving to a mock protest scenario, part of the curriculum at the Academy for Professional Development, the Modesto trade school Ayers, an Army veteran, owns and operates. The school offers EMT and private security training courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is, everybody becomes paranoid who goes through my training. It never turns off,” he said. “You get paid to be paranoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951971\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951971 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken from the backseat of a vehicle from behind the driver's side. Blurry in the foreground, and in focus in the rearview mirror, we see a light-skinned man in a black baseball cap driving and looking to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60347_007_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers, CEO of the Academy for Professional Development, teaches an executive protection class in Modesto on Nov. 14, 2022. Executive protection provides security for politicians, celebrities and anyone needing protection against public threats. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, shortly after he met Griffith, Rush enrolled in Ayers’ 30-day security specialist course, where students learn to guard high-profile clients like CEOs, politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a career path, protection is popular with veterans who already possess some of the necessary skills, Ayers said. Jobs in the field can bridge the gap between combat and a return to civilian employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I kind of teach them is reintegration,” Ayers said. “But do not let the warrior mindset fade off, because you’re going to need that in this industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush taught EMT classes at the school and began working jobs in private security, an industry he was well suited for but one that “exacerbated his paranoia and vigilance,” according to his attorney Pennella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from periodically visiting his father, Rush mostly kept to himself, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jessie didn’t have a community,” Griffith said. “Jessie had an apartment. And he had a wife. And he had me and Jerame after that. He didn’t have people to have his back around here. He didn’t have people to even hang out with around here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush found his community online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘[T]hink about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism. This is the story of the KKK … There’s a pattern here.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"William Braniff, director, START","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to a June 2022 report filed in state court on Carrillo’s “social history and mental decline,” Carrillo found Rush and the Grizzly Scouts in April 2020. After Carrillo joined Facebook groups in support of Second Amendment protections and libertarian ideals, the platform’s algorithm suggested other groups he might be interested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was /K/alifornia Kommando, the Facebook group run by Rush, where prosecutors say he recruited for the Grizzly Scouts. Rush invited Carrillo to the Grizzly Scouts’ group chats and asked Carrillo to sign a liability release, a nondisclosure agreement and an employment application that requested information about Carrillo’s military experience. Rush also sent Carrillo a packing list for an in-person meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo later described the Grizzly Scouts as a “paramilitary organization that viewed police as the enemy.” The group was mostly made up of veterans upset with the government for various reasons, including the state of the veteran health care system, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952314 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of a web-based document, with some text highlighted in yellow.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-800x531.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Grizzly-Scout-Selection-KQED-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this graphic first obtained and published by ProPublica, UC Berkeley Journalism’s Investigative Reporting Program and Frontline, candidates for the Grizzly Scouts are asked to provide details of their prior military experience and firearms training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/i-felt-hate-more-than-anything-how-an-active-duty-airman-tried-to-start-a-civil-war\">ProPublica\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Court records show members of the group were given ranks. As commanding officer, Rush held the rank of major. Robert Jesus Blancas, a transient Castro Valley resident, was responsible for security and intelligence, while Kenny Miksch of San Lorenzo was in charge of training and firearms instruction. They were named first lieutenants. Simon Sage Ybarra of Los Gatos held the rank of corporal and was responsible for recruitment. Carrillo was made staff sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22123771/indictment.pdf\">Members discussed tactics for killing police in a WhatsApp group chat labeled “209 Goon HQ” (PDF)\u003c/a>, a reference to the Central Valley area code, according to a March 2021 indictment. At one point, Rush messaged another member: “The gov spent 100s of thousands of dollars on training me, im gonna use that shit,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">court records show (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, Rush invited Carrillo to a secluded ranch east of Turlock and told him to bring guns, ammunition, a burner phone and other supplies. Carrillo met with the Grizzly Scouts twice — around May 9 and May 16. He returned home “energized and ecstatic, keenly focused on the mission of the group, and agitated about police misconduct,” Carrillo’s then-girlfriend said, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith and Ayers said Rush invited them to hang out with the Grizzly Scouts, but they declined. Neither thought the group was anything unusual. When Griffith asked Rush who would be there, he said Rush responded, “Like-minded people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951953 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man with a long, scraggly beard reaches over a chest-high wire fence to pet the nose of a white mutt, whose nose is in the air to reach the man's hand. They are surrounded by a scrubby lawn of dirt and grass, and sunlight filters through light green tree cover behind them, alongside a one-story shed with beige siding.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60383_007_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith pets his dog at his home in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data show 84% of people with military backgrounds who committed extremist crimes from 1990 to 2021 did so after leaving the military. On average, crimes were committed 15 years after discharge, according to START.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most infamous examples of violent extremism in U.S. history is the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Hundreds of people were injured by the blast that killed 168, 19 of whom were children. The perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an Army veteran, private security guard and white supremacist assisted by a man he met in basic training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not illogical if you think about the cyclical pattern in the United States of wars and wars ending, and then a small number of disgruntled, or perhaps traumatized, or otherwise disenfranchised veterans coming home from that war and engaging in domestic violent extremism,” said William Braniff, director of START. “This is the story of the KKK, both after the Civil War, but then after World War I and II, in Korea and Vietnam. There’s a pattern here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Buckley, an Army veteran who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan from 2013 to 2016 and now helps young people deradicalize as an intervention specialist with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.parents4peace.org/our-team/\">Parents for Peace\u003c/a>, said there’s no shortage of reasons why veterans get involved in extremism. Buckley told KQED his own radicalization began inside the military. Learning to dehumanize his enemy was a tool that served him well emotionally in combat, but was never deactivated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home with this hatred towards Muslims that was left completely unchecked,” said Buckley. “Then about six months after I got home, I started to have my experiences with PTSD. And I started to really break down mentally. Couple that with substance abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he needed help, the KKK was there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t come at me with pitchforks, burning crosses and robes,” said Buckley, who testified in front of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs in March 2022. “They were like, ‘Hey, man, what’s going on, bro? Like, you need help with Christmas? Here’s some food, bro. Let’s take care of your family before we talk about what we do.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the first time anybody had reached out to help me. The VA wasn’t,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to an email asking what the VA is doing to support veterans vulnerable to recruitment by extremist groups, Press Secretary Terrence Hayes said the agency is committed to educating veterans on how to identify disinformation and predatory practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like any group of Americans, the Veteran community is not a monolith. The overwhelming majority of Veterans neither commit nor condone extremism-related violence,” he wrote. “VA will take action where necessary to abide by laws that protect our country against a tiny minority committed to domestic violent extremism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas Sanders, who served as a medic in Afghanistan alongside Rush and is now a nurse in Texas, said groups like the Proud Boys and “other wannabe militias” prey on veterans searching for belonging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got out of the military, I worked at a military surplus store, and it was weekly,” he said. “People are handing me their cards like, ‘Hey, you know, we’ve got this club,’ or ‘We’ve got this group. We meet up on the weekends, bring your family and do all this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders was initially attracted to the displays of camaraderie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then you start reading into it. You’re looking at their pictures and it’s like, ‘Oh, there’s only white people in here,’” he said. “It’s the equivalent of a gang to me. Gangs don’t prey on well-established people. Gangs prey on people that are looking for that acceptance and approval.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I offed a fed’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In May 2020, the Grizzly Scouts prepared for an operation at a protest in Sacramento, according to prosecutors. Members distributed an “Operations Order” that identified law enforcement as “enemy forces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 27, 2020, Carrillo and Ybarra met behind a gas station in Los Gatos to assemble an assault rifle in the back of Carrillo’s van. The next day, Carrillo contacted Ybarra about attending a protest in Oakland, to “snipe some you know what’s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ybarra didn’t respond. Instead he reached out to Rush, saying, “just wanted to make sure we are on the same page, and that targeting innocents doesn’t fly with me even if they are wearing a badge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush agreed, but said, “yea we need to actually develop targets and cases, be smart. They want war, then we bring em war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23558592-jessie-alexander-rush-government-sentencing-memorandum\">He went on (PDF)\u003c/a>: “We can start developing case files, gathering intel, and doing it just like big bro does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“im not about the fireworks,” he continued. “im more like a surgeon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 29, 2020, Carrillo rode to Oakland in a white van, allegedly driven by Robert Alvin Justus Jr., another man he met online. As they drove past the Federal Building, Carrillo flung open the sliding door and unloaded a fusillade of bullets toward two Federal Protective Service officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824604/man-charged-in-killings-of-oakland-federal-officer-santa-cruz-deputy-linked-to-right-wing-extremist-group\">killing David Patrick Underwood, 53, and wounding Sombat Mifkovic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s deputies were in Ben Lomond responding to a call about a white van with weapons inside. Carrillo ambushed the officers, killing Sgt. Damon Gutzwiller, 38, and wounding Deputy Alex Spencer, 32 at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that day, Ybarra drove to Turlock to meet with Rush, prosecutors said, and group members conspired to erase conversations from their phones in which they discussed attacking police. Blancas destroyed Dropbox files related to the group’s structure, onboarding and operations, telling Ybarra a month later, “All physical files I had were literally burned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He removed our platform and robbed our message,” Rush \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832071-govuscourtscand375526170_1\">wrote to the Grizzly Scouts (PDF)\u003c/a>, referring to Carrillo. “Unfortunately we would almost have to wait for the next one. Which is disgusting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grizzly Scouts switched to a new messaging platform they thought would be more secure, according to prosecutors. A couple of weeks later, Rush began contacting members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jump on [another communication’s platform] if you miss us were [sic] reinventing and if you wanna be apart [sic] of it we’d love to have you back,” Rush said to one member, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On an overcast afternoon last September, firearm enthusiasts inside a gun show at the Stanislaus County Fairgrounds perused tables stacked with Army fatigues, old tactical manuals, knives and bulletproof vests. Every so often, a loud jolt came from a corner where a stun gun was being demoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one booth, a man and a woman wearing “California State Militia, 2nd Regiment” T-shirts answered a young man’s questions. Across the aisle, a group of men browsed ammunition magazines modified to hold no more than 10 rounds, per California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he browsed the exhibits, stopping occasionally to talk with vendors, Ayers said he believed Rush may have talked about violence that he didn’t actually plan to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vets, we all get together and hang out,” Ayers said. “I think he got in over his head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, when coverage of Carrillo’s violence was on the news, Rush stopped by Ayers’ school and told him: “I know the two guys that are involved in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951952\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951952 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man looks seriously at the camera standing in front of a storefront at a strip mall next to a banner showing an insignia featuring a snake and two falcons. The man wears a black hat with an American flag, glasses, a dark fleece, and blue jeans.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60374_037_KQED_AcademyForProfDevelopment_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerame Ayers stands outside his school in Modesto, on Nov. 14, 2022. The school offers executive protection, physical security and EMT classes. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘How’d that all go down?’ He’s like, ‘No, we all hung out. And those two individuals were at the place that we hung out,'” Ayers said. “I’m like, ‘I hope you’re not connected to them.’ He says, ‘I mean, other than meeting up with them, but I would never think they’d go do this.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August that year, the FBI executed search warrants for Rush’s apartment and the homes of other Grizzly Scout members. When he found out about the raid, Ayers said he asked Rush if there was something he wasn’t telling him. “He’s like, ‘No,'” Ayers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith, too, remembered the raid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that was kind of where I was like, ‘This is federal territory, buddy,'” Griffith said. “We don’t touch this. This isn’t about PTSD and TBI. If the FBI is knocking [on] your door or kicking or whatever, that’s more serious than what we can handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2021, Ayers said, he received a text from Rush saying FBI agents wanted to meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I said, ‘They didn’t arrest you then, and now they want to talk to you?’ I go, ‘If they are going to talk to you, go there, do what you’re supposed to do,” Ayers said. “You participate, you do what you’re told.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Griffith found out Rush was being summoned by federal agents, he drove to the meeting at a Turlock Police Department precinct to offer support. Rush was already handcuffed in the back of a black SUV when he arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834714-indictment\">other Grizzly Scout members were indicted (PDF)\u003c/a> on charges including conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings, destruction of records in official proceedings and obstruction of official proceedings. At sentencing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23834715-sentencing-transcript-rush-ybarra-miksch\">Rush told the court he was “fearful and paranoid” (PDF)\u003c/a> at the time he created the Grizzly Scouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was exposed to so much rhetoric that seemed contradictory,” he said. “Things that were being said by the government on social media, the state, and just in the news in general just seems like it was pushing back against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew O’Bryan, who served with Rush and stayed in contact with him, said the charges didn’t sound like Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started [the group] so that veterans like him and me could have just a little bit of normalcy,” said O’Bryan, who wrote a letter on Rush’s behalf before sentencing. “He said that some guy in his group was apparently going off the deep end saying some crazy stuff, and that they all came after him because he was the one who put that stuff together just trying to help people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Rush, both Ybarra and Miksch pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to destroy records in official proceedings and were sentenced to six months in prison in May 2022. Both were released in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blancas was sentenced to 10 ½ years after pleading guilty to charges tied to the Grizzly Scouts case and explicit conversations with underage girls that FBI agents uncovered during a search of his electronic devices. He is currently serving time at a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo is incarcerated at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione in Amador County. Through his attorney in the federal case, he declined to be interviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11951972 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A white man with a long beard sits outdoors in the shade of a tree, at a table with a red table cloth. On the table in front of him are a pack of cigarettes, a lighter, a white mug, a cellphone, and a short stack of papers.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS60375_005_KQED_JackGriffithTurlock_11142022-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jack Griffith in his backyard in Turlock. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By November, the hummingbirds in Griffith’s backyard were gone. A stack of magazines sat on the table wrinkled, having been left out in the rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griffith looked at a text he had received the previous morning. It was from Rush. Out of prison, he asked if Griffith wanted to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I rose my hand, basically donating my life to this country,” Griffith said. “And that oath is not over. And it states foreign and domestic. That puts him in a column of which, if we were out in public, he would be a threat. We’re supposed to be on the same side and now I have to look at you as a threat. You’d be the one that I’m watching in a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, the two went on a drive. Rush was tight-lipped, Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really feel like I wasn’t enough,” Griffith said, choking back tears. “This is just as shocking as losing someone to suicide that you thought was on the right path. You put in all that work. You think everything’s going one direction, and then either they’re gone or they’re so far offtrack you don’t even realize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11952237/murder-the-military-and-radicalization-how-much-is-tied-to-a-lack-of-support-for-veterans","authors":["11490"],"categories":["news_31795","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_17725","news_1416","news_29026","news_31181","news_30202","news_27626","news_80","news_31666","news_29025","news_28118","news_31347","news_237"],"featImg":"news_11952255","label":"news"},"news_11753198":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11753198","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11753198","score":null,"sort":[1619690484000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nuclear-missiles-in-marin-oh-yeah-in-fact-all-around-the-bay-at-one-time-2","title":"Marin Was Once Armed With Nuclear Missiles. Thankfully, They Were Never Launched","publishDate":1619690484,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Marin Was Once Armed With Nuclear Missiles. Thankfully, They Were Never Launched | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally published on June 13, 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout its history, the Bay Area has been a hotbed of military activity, from the original Army prison on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/alca/learn/historyculture/alcatraz-military-timeline.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alcatraz Island\u003c/a>, to the building of nuclear submarines in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(One of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mareislandmuseum.org/about_x404/lcs-mariano-vallejo/mariano-g-vallejo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nuclear subs\u003c/a> built there was named after Mariano Vallejo, one of California’s early statesmen. You can see the vertical “sail” of that sub on Mare Island today.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a mere shadow of what it was during World War II or even up until the mid-1990s, when you could still catch sight of subs slinking to and from the Mare Island shipyard or aircraft carriers putting in at Alameda Naval Air Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But did you know we also had missiles?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Chris Johanson has done a little bit of reading about the old Nike missile base in the Marin Headlands, which is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/nike-missile-site.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now a museum\u003c/a> run by the National Park Service, and he knew that it had the ability to be equipped with nuclear missiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I wasn’t sure if they ever actually had nuclear missiles in the Headlands themselves,” Chris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, yeah there were nuclear missiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Last Line of Defense\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s and ’60s, there were Nike Ajax and \u003ca href=\"http://nikemissile.org/IFC/nike_hercules.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hercules missiles\u003c/a> based all over the Bay Area, not just in the Marin Headlands. There were batteries in Pacifica, Fremont, San Rafael and on Angel Island. They were built to be a last line of defense against air attack during the Cold War.\u003cbr>\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_tSIlMdZok&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They weren’t standing in vertical silos, as we think of land-based missiles today, but rather laid out horizontally in underground magazines, known as “the pit.” Each one was about the length of a school bus but much more sleek, like a set of lawn darts on steroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The missiles are essentially shells now, but until the 1970s they carried nuclear warheads with a maximum yield of 40 to 60 kilotons. One kiloton is equivalent to the energy force of 1,000 tons of dynamite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think we exaggerate destruction,” said Jerry Feight, a former Air Force missileman who now leads tours of the site, “but it was not an exaggeration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/w31.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">W31 nuclear warheads\u003c/a> on the Nike were “variable yield;” crews could literally dial up the size of the detonation. At 40 kilotons, the young soldiers stationed at the Marin Headlands battery, designated SF-88, could with a single missile unleash an atomic force greater than the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people think that’s kind of a bit of overkill,” Feight recently told a tour group, “but if we had to fire, effectively you’re already at World War III because the target had been identified, the Navy and Air Force hadn’t been able to bring him down, and we’re goin’ to war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘If It Flies, It Dies’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“You had this responsibility at a very young age,” said Dave Kreutzinger. He was stationed at SF-88 from 1967 to 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I came here when I was 18,” he remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11753257\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1806px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11753257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo: Dave Kreutzinger in the missile magazine at SF-88\" width=\"1806\" height=\"1263\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003.jpeg 1806w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-800x559.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-1020x713.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-1200x839.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1806px) 100vw, 1806px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retired car dealer Dave Kreutzinger was among the young GIs who manned Marin’s Nike missile batteries in the 1960s. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the time he was 19, he was the launch officer, though as a specialist 4, he held the rank equivalent of a corporal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The oldest guy out here was 28,” he said matter-of-factly. “Most of us were 19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their job was to shoot down incoming Soviet bombers — most likely whole squadrons carrying atomic bombs in the 20-megaton range. That was the perceived threat when the Nikes were rolled out in 1954, less than a decade after the first atomic bombs were dropped on Japan to force surrender and end World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army cohort of 120 or so crewing the Nike battery had one primary mission: to try to save the Bay Area from the same fate by launching a single missile that would vaporize anything in the air for a radius of 30 miles around the intercept — a statistic that gave rise to the unit’s charming motto: “If it flies, it dies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11753261\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1950px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11753261\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo: warhead housing\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011.jpeg 1950w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1832x1374.jpeg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-536x402.jpeg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Housing for the W-31 nuclear warhead carried by the Nike Hercules missiles. These were “enhanced fission” devices that could release more than twice the energy of the bomb that devastated Nagasaki, Japan, at the end of World War II. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the time Dave Kreutzinger was there, the primary threat had shifted to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). But for years after the whole setup was obsolete, radar at SF-88 still swept the skies for 150 miles out, looking for Russian “Bear” bombers carrying nuclear weapons, something that Kreutzinger and his crew kind of took for granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Actually, you didn’t think about it very much,” he said. “There was so much training, a lot of education went into being here. We knew the responsibility of it, but you practiced and practiced and practiced, and there’s a lot of testing involved to be sure that you have the mental ability to launch this weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time that would ever happen, of course, the U.S. would already be facing a nuclear attack from those incoming planes and/or missiles. It was taken for granted that a nuclear exchange with the Soviet Union would be the end of the world as we know it, a concept \u003ca href=\"http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/cold-war/strategy/strategy-mutual-assured-destruction.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">known as MAD\u003c/a> for “mutual assured destruction.” So, launching one of these Nike Hercules missiles would essentially mean that the apocalypse was already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We kind of knew,” Kreutzinger said, “but it wasn’t on the top of our minds that this was pretty much the end. It wasn’t something you thought about all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Nike crews also knew that launching one of their supersonic spears in anger would likely be their last living act. The Army didn’t mince around this fact. They told Kreutzinger and his fellow GIs flat-out what their life expectancy would be after an actual launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thirty minutes,” said Kreutzinger. “That was the thing that every crewman knew.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Prepared but Never Put Into Action\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since Kreutzinger was still around to talk to us, that pretty well answers another question that Bay Curious listener Chris Johanson had: Were any of these missiles ever launched?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, no — except for training flights in New Mexico — though the crews were called to battle stations with regularity when worrisome “bogeys” appeared on the radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site was finally decommissioned in 1974 and the Park Service took it over. Since then, a small cadre of Cold War missile veterans has spent years cobbling parts together, often catching them just before they were scrapped, so that visitors can watch an actual Nike Hercules missile raised ominously on a giant elevator and hoisted into launch position at SF-88. Few visitors leave unimpressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more eerie was the feeling it gave Chris when Jerry Feight handed him the actual launch keys from 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had those in your hand and it was of that era,” Feight calmly explained, “you could be part of sending the world to destruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, no pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No pressure,” agreed Chris, laughing nervously, “no pressure whatsoever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can see veteran docents walk you through a mock launch sequence and answer all of your nuclear annihilation questions at the SF-88 site in the Marin Headlands on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/nike-missile-site.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Saturday afternoons\u003c/a> from 12:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are no tours.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Veterans say the Cold War missile batteries that ringed the Bay Area packed nuclear warheads with a punch that more than equaled the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs combined.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700588710,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1357},"headData":{"title":"Marin Was Once Armed With Nuclear Missiles. Thankfully, They Were Never Launched | KQED","description":"Veterans say the Cold War missile batteries that ringed the Bay Area packed nuclear warheads with a punch that more than equaled the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs combined.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Marin Was Once Armed With Nuclear Missiles. Thankfully, They Were Never Launched","datePublished":"2021-04-29T10:01:24.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T17:45:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Food","sourceUrl":"/food/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC4239887450.mp3?updated=1619131391","audioTrackLength":544,"path":"/news/11753198/nuclear-missiles-in-marin-oh-yeah-in-fact-all-around-the-bay-at-one-time-2","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally published on June 13, 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout its history, the Bay Area has been a hotbed of military activity, from the original Army prison on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/alca/learn/historyculture/alcatraz-military-timeline.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alcatraz Island\u003c/a>, to the building of nuclear submarines in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(One of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mareislandmuseum.org/about_x404/lcs-mariano-vallejo/mariano-g-vallejo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nuclear subs\u003c/a> built there was named after Mariano Vallejo, one of California’s early statesmen. You can see the vertical “sail” of that sub on Mare Island today.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a mere shadow of what it was during World War II or even up until the mid-1990s, when you could still catch sight of subs slinking to and from the Mare Island shipyard or aircraft carriers putting in at Alameda Naval Air Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But did you know we also had missiles?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Chris Johanson has done a little bit of reading about the old Nike missile base in the Marin Headlands, which is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/nike-missile-site.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now a museum\u003c/a> run by the National Park Service, and he knew that it had the ability to be equipped with nuclear missiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I wasn’t sure if they ever actually had nuclear missiles in the Headlands themselves,” Chris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, yeah there were nuclear missiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Last Line of Defense\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s and ’60s, there were Nike Ajax and \u003ca href=\"http://nikemissile.org/IFC/nike_hercules.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hercules missiles\u003c/a> based all over the Bay Area, not just in the Marin Headlands. There were batteries in Pacifica, Fremont, San Rafael and on Angel Island. They were built to be a last line of defense against air attack during the Cold War.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/D_tSIlMdZok'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/D_tSIlMdZok'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They weren’t standing in vertical silos, as we think of land-based missiles today, but rather laid out horizontally in underground magazines, known as “the pit.” Each one was about the length of a school bus but much more sleek, like a set of lawn darts on steroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The missiles are essentially shells now, but until the 1970s they carried nuclear warheads with a maximum yield of 40 to 60 kilotons. One kiloton is equivalent to the energy force of 1,000 tons of dynamite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people think we exaggerate destruction,” said Jerry Feight, a former Air Force missileman who now leads tours of the site, “but it was not an exaggeration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/w31.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">W31 nuclear warheads\u003c/a> on the Nike were “variable yield;” crews could literally dial up the size of the detonation. At 40 kilotons, the young soldiers stationed at the Marin Headlands battery, designated SF-88, could with a single missile unleash an atomic force greater than the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people think that’s kind of a bit of overkill,” Feight recently told a tour group, “but if we had to fire, effectively you’re already at World War III because the target had been identified, the Navy and Air Force hadn’t been able to bring him down, and we’re goin’ to war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘If It Flies, It Dies’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“You had this responsibility at a very young age,” said Dave Kreutzinger. He was stationed at SF-88 from 1967 to 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I came here when I was 18,” he remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11753257\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1806px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11753257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo: Dave Kreutzinger in the missile magazine at SF-88\" width=\"1806\" height=\"1263\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003.jpeg 1806w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-800x559.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-1020x713.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2003-1200x839.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1806px) 100vw, 1806px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Retired car dealer Dave Kreutzinger was among the young GIs who manned Marin’s Nike missile batteries in the 1960s. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the time he was 19, he was the launch officer, though as a specialist 4, he held the rank equivalent of a corporal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The oldest guy out here was 28,” he said matter-of-factly. “Most of us were 19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their job was to shoot down incoming Soviet bombers — most likely whole squadrons carrying atomic bombs in the 20-megaton range. That was the perceived threat when the Nikes were rolled out in 1954, less than a decade after the first atomic bombs were dropped on Japan to force surrender and end World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army cohort of 120 or so crewing the Nike battery had one primary mission: to try to save the Bay Area from the same fate by launching a single missile that would vaporize anything in the air for a radius of 30 miles around the intercept — a statistic that gave rise to the unit’s charming motto: “If it flies, it dies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11753261\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1950px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011.jpeg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11753261\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011.jpeg\" alt=\"Photo: warhead housing\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011.jpeg 1950w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1832x1374.jpeg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/IMG_2011-536x402.jpeg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Housing for the W-31 nuclear warhead carried by the Nike Hercules missiles. These were “enhanced fission” devices that could release more than twice the energy of the bomb that devastated Nagasaki, Japan, at the end of World War II. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the time Dave Kreutzinger was there, the primary threat had shifted to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). But for years after the whole setup was obsolete, radar at SF-88 still swept the skies for 150 miles out, looking for Russian “Bear” bombers carrying nuclear weapons, something that Kreutzinger and his crew kind of took for granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Actually, you didn’t think about it very much,” he said. “There was so much training, a lot of education went into being here. We knew the responsibility of it, but you practiced and practiced and practiced, and there’s a lot of testing involved to be sure that you have the mental ability to launch this weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time that would ever happen, of course, the U.S. would already be facing a nuclear attack from those incoming planes and/or missiles. It was taken for granted that a nuclear exchange with the Soviet Union would be the end of the world as we know it, a concept \u003ca href=\"http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/cold-war/strategy/strategy-mutual-assured-destruction.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">known as MAD\u003c/a> for “mutual assured destruction.” So, launching one of these Nike Hercules missiles would essentially mean that the apocalypse was already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We kind of knew,” Kreutzinger said, “but it wasn’t on the top of our minds that this was pretty much the end. It wasn’t something you thought about all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Nike crews also knew that launching one of their supersonic spears in anger would likely be their last living act. The Army didn’t mince around this fact. They told Kreutzinger and his fellow GIs flat-out what their life expectancy would be after an actual launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thirty minutes,” said Kreutzinger. “That was the thing that every crewman knew.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Prepared but Never Put Into Action\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since Kreutzinger was still around to talk to us, that pretty well answers another question that Bay Curious listener Chris Johanson had: Were any of these missiles ever launched?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, no — except for training flights in New Mexico — though the crews were called to battle stations with regularity when worrisome “bogeys” appeared on the radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site was finally decommissioned in 1974 and the Park Service took it over. Since then, a small cadre of Cold War missile veterans has spent years cobbling parts together, often catching them just before they were scrapped, so that visitors can watch an actual Nike Hercules missile raised ominously on a giant elevator and hoisted into launch position at SF-88. Few visitors leave unimpressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more eerie was the feeling it gave Chris when Jerry Feight handed him the actual launch keys from 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had those in your hand and it was of that era,” Feight calmly explained, “you could be part of sending the world to destruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, no pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No pressure,” agreed Chris, laughing nervously, “no pressure whatsoever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can see veteran docents walk you through a mock launch sequence and answer all of your nuclear annihilation questions at the SF-88 site in the Marin Headlands on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/nike-missile-site.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Saturday afternoons\u003c/a> from 12:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are no tours.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11753198/nuclear-missiles-in-marin-oh-yeah-in-fact-all-around-the-bay-at-one-time-2","authors":["221"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_1648","news_80","news_24397"],"featImg":"news_11753253","label":"source_news_11753198"},"news_11867360":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11867360","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11867360","score":null,"sort":[1617222857000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pentagon-releases-new-policies-enabling-transgender-people-to-serve-in-the-military","title":"Pentagon Releases New Policies Enabling Transgender People to Serve in the Military","publishDate":1617222857,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The Pentagon announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/130028p.pdf?fbclid=IwAR04MlJmexeVCxVi8RBXPuaj_udFOMgyLfg3nw0D9QCKdcDpzXP14Ic7Al8\">new policies\u003c/a> on Wednesday that undo Trump-era rules that effectively banned transgender people from serving in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense's new regulations \"allow transgender people who meet military standards to enlist and serve openly in their self-identified gender, and they will be able to get \u003ca href=\"https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/613003v1p.PDF?ver=7cPFjXiGqfqNSF2HHw-X6w%3d%3d\">medically necessary transition-related care\u003c/a> authorized by law,\" \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-6ed9c78fe8caecc696f337147dbe7ea0\">according\u003c/a> to department officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity to The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement coincides with International Transgender Day of Visibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden signed an executive order \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/president-biden-takes-office/2021/01/25/960338217/biden-repeals-trump-era-ban-on-transgender-soldiers\">repealing the transgender ban\u003c/a> in his first week in office in January. He told reporters then that the order will allow all \"qualified Americans to serve their country in uniform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president ordered the secretary of defense and the secretary of homeland security to begin the process of allowing transgender servicemembers to serve openly. The departments were asked to report back within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for trans servicemembers cheered the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We applaud this step to ensure the Department of Defense provides inclusive policy to attract and retain the best and brightest our nation has to offer,\" said Air Force Lt. Col. Bree Fram, who is vice president of SPART*A, a transgender military advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Military personnel reach maximum effectiveness when they have access to all medically necessary care and we are excited that this policy extends that access to transgender service members. Additionally, opening recruitment to transgender individuals ensures an extremely talented and motivated pool of people that this country needs have the opportunity to serve in uniform,\" Fram said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/27/539559582/5-unanswered-questions-about-trumps-ban-on-transgender-troops\">initially ordered a ban on transgender troops\u003c/a> in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/26/539470211/trump-says-transgender-people-cant-serve-in-military\">series of tweets\u003c/a> in July 2017. A Defense Department panel drew up regulations to implement the ban, which was then \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/30/560847850/federal-judge-blocks-trumps-ban-on-transgender-service-members\">blocked by federal courts\u003c/a> before the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/22/687368145/supreme-court-revives-trumps-ban-on-transgender-military-personnel-for-now\">allowed it to go forward\u003c/a> in early 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11856890 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/gettyimages-1230786188_custom-d97c8d4cfa61c967698cec14743d13b11510ba18-1020x622.jpg']In his order, Biden noted that in 2016, during the Obama administration, the secretary of defense concluded \"that permitting transgender individuals to serve openly in the military was consistent with military readiness and with strength through diversity, such that transgender service members who could meet the required standards and procedures should be permitted to serve openly. The Secretary of Defense also concluded that it was appropriate to create a process that would enable service members to take steps to transition gender while serving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policies announced Wednesday largely return to those created in 2016, though they were never fully enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drew Garza, whose plans to enlist were put on hold when Trump's ban came into effect, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/25/971261753/transgender-military-recruits-wait-for-policy-changes-to-be-formalized\">told NPR\u003c/a> last month that once Biden announced the repeal, he was quickly contacted by recruiters from the Army, Air Force and Marines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, yes,\" he said. \"I take it to mean: Now I'm being seen.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pentagon+Releases+New+Policies+Enabling+Transgender+People+To+Serve+In+The+Military&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"President Biden signed an executive order repealing the Trump transgender ban in his first week in office, directing the Pentagon to begin the process to allow transgender people to serve openly.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1617225587,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":499},"headData":{"title":"Pentagon Releases New Policies Enabling Transgender People to Serve in the Military | KQED","description":"President Biden signed an executive order repealing the Trump transgender ban in his first week in office, directing the Pentagon to begin the process to allow transgender people to serve openly.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Pentagon Releases New Policies Enabling Transgender People to Serve in the Military","datePublished":"2021-03-31T20:34:17.000Z","dateModified":"2021-03-31T21:19:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11867360 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11867360","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/03/31/pentagon-releases-new-policies-enabling-transgender-people-to-serve-in-the-military/","disqusTitle":"Pentagon Releases New Policies Enabling Transgender People to Serve in the Military","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","nprImageCredit":"Andrew Harnik","nprByline":"Laurel Wamsley","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"983118029","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=983118029&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/31/983118029/pentagon-releases-new-policies-enabling-transgender-people-to-serve-in-the-milit?ft=nprml&f=983118029","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 31 Mar 2021 15:32:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 31 Mar 2021 15:29:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 31 Mar 2021 15:32:39 -0400","path":"/news/11867360/pentagon-releases-new-policies-enabling-transgender-people-to-serve-in-the-military","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Pentagon announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/130028p.pdf?fbclid=IwAR04MlJmexeVCxVi8RBXPuaj_udFOMgyLfg3nw0D9QCKdcDpzXP14Ic7Al8\">new policies\u003c/a> on Wednesday that undo Trump-era rules that effectively banned transgender people from serving in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense's new regulations \"allow transgender people who meet military standards to enlist and serve openly in their self-identified gender, and they will be able to get \u003ca href=\"https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/613003v1p.PDF?ver=7cPFjXiGqfqNSF2HHw-X6w%3d%3d\">medically necessary transition-related care\u003c/a> authorized by law,\" \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-6ed9c78fe8caecc696f337147dbe7ea0\">according\u003c/a> to department officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity to The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement coincides with International Transgender Day of Visibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden signed an executive order \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/president-biden-takes-office/2021/01/25/960338217/biden-repeals-trump-era-ban-on-transgender-soldiers\">repealing the transgender ban\u003c/a> in his first week in office in January. He told reporters then that the order will allow all \"qualified Americans to serve their country in uniform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president ordered the secretary of defense and the secretary of homeland security to begin the process of allowing transgender servicemembers to serve openly. The departments were asked to report back within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for trans servicemembers cheered the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We applaud this step to ensure the Department of Defense provides inclusive policy to attract and retain the best and brightest our nation has to offer,\" said Air Force Lt. Col. Bree Fram, who is vice president of SPART*A, a transgender military advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Military personnel reach maximum effectiveness when they have access to all medically necessary care and we are excited that this policy extends that access to transgender service members. Additionally, opening recruitment to transgender individuals ensures an extremely talented and motivated pool of people that this country needs have the opportunity to serve in uniform,\" Fram said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/27/539559582/5-unanswered-questions-about-trumps-ban-on-transgender-troops\">initially ordered a ban on transgender troops\u003c/a> in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/26/539470211/trump-says-transgender-people-cant-serve-in-military\">series of tweets\u003c/a> in July 2017. A Defense Department panel drew up regulations to implement the ban, which was then \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/30/560847850/federal-judge-blocks-trumps-ban-on-transgender-service-members\">blocked by federal courts\u003c/a> before the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/22/687368145/supreme-court-revives-trumps-ban-on-transgender-military-personnel-for-now\">allowed it to go forward\u003c/a> in early 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11856890","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/gettyimages-1230786188_custom-d97c8d4cfa61c967698cec14743d13b11510ba18-1020x622.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In his order, Biden noted that in 2016, during the Obama administration, the secretary of defense concluded \"that permitting transgender individuals to serve openly in the military was consistent with military readiness and with strength through diversity, such that transgender service members who could meet the required standards and procedures should be permitted to serve openly. The Secretary of Defense also concluded that it was appropriate to create a process that would enable service members to take steps to transition gender while serving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policies announced Wednesday largely return to those created in 2016, though they were never fully enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drew Garza, whose plans to enlist were put on hold when Trump's ban came into effect, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/25/971261753/transgender-military-recruits-wait-for-policy-changes-to-be-formalized\">told NPR\u003c/a> last month that once Biden announced the repeal, he was quickly contacted by recruiters from the Army, Air Force and Marines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, yes,\" he said. \"I take it to mean: Now I'm being seen.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pentagon+Releases+New+Policies+Enabling+Transgender+People+To+Serve+In+The+Military&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11867360/pentagon-releases-new-policies-enabling-transgender-people-to-serve-in-the-military","authors":["byline_news_11867360"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_717","news_82","news_20004","news_19345","news_80","news_2486","news_21357"],"featImg":"news_11867361","label":"source_news_11867360"},"news_11853248":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11853248","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11853248","score":null,"sort":[1609367311000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hard-hit-california-hospitals-receive-military-support","title":"Hard-Hit California Hospitals Receive Military Support","publishDate":1609367311,"format":"image","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A group of approximately 75 Department of Defense medical personnel have deployed to a handful of California hospitals in two of the state’s regions hardest hit by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 65 U.S. Air Force doctors, nurses and other medical staff from the 60th Medical Group at Travis Air Force Base and around 10 U.S. Army nurses from a Fort Carson, Colorado-based military medical unit, have arrived and begun onboarding at four hospitals: Adventist Health Lodi Memorial in Lodi, Dameron Hospital in Stockton, Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno and Arrowhead Regional Medical Center in Colton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deployment comes as California — and the entire country — is experiencing a devastating surge in COVID-19 cases. The hospitals selected are located in the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California, two regions of the state with 0% ICU bed capacity and currently under mandatory stay-at-home orders. On Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11853132/california-extends-stay-at-home-order-in-socal-san-joaquin-valley\">those orders were extended.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in the middle of a big surge and a crisis in our health care system,” Fresno County Interim Health Officer Dr. Rais Vohra said in a media briefing Tuesday. “We’ve seen more fatalities this month than through any other month of the pandemic here in Fresno County.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the briefing, Vohra highlighted a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/LCP/Pages/AFL-20-91.aspx\">All Facilities Letter\u003c/a> from the California Department of Public Health, reminding hospitals to have and implement Crisis Care Continuum Guidelines if experiencing a surge in COVID-19 patients. Vohra said the standards indicate a disaster situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11853269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11853269 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356.png\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1536\" height=\"1305\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356-800x680.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356-1020x867.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356-160x136.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Department of Defense military personnel begin onboarding at Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno. The U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army doctors, nurses and other medical staff will primarily focus on supporting the hospital's intensive care unit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Community Regional Medical Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve experienced, and continue to experience, just really severe impacts to our health care system, both in the capacity to house patients and to take care of them, as well as resources related to personnel and staffing,” Vohra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooke McCollough, operations executive for Lodi Memorial and Dameron hospitals said the people who’ve contracted COVID-19 are often in the hospital for “many days” and can take a long time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These patients are very sick,” McCollough said. “It’s not just old people, it’s all over the place, all over the board, as far as race, age. Of course people with more serious illnesses are more susceptible to having more serious illness. This is just something more than what we’ve ever been through in my career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Fresno County Interim Health Officer Dr. Rais Vohra']'We’ve experienced, and continue to experience, just really severe impacts to our health care system, both in the capacity to house patients and to take care of them, as well as resources related to personnel and staffing'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two physicians, two physician assistants, seven respiratory therapists, 24 registered nurses and other support staff arrived at the hospitals in San Joaquin County Tuesday, according to a Lodi Memorial hospital spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCollough said Lodi Memorial and Dameron hospitals are facilities that have space for greater ICU bed capacity, but not enough physicians and nurses to care for patients if they are admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This additional staff will allow us to accept patients in some of those beds,” McCollough said. “We’ve also tried to secure traveling nurses, but the whole country is after the same group of nurses, and so it’s very hard to get those nurses to accept a contract for your facility because they’re all being used by other places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCollough said the additional staffing will allow the hospitals in Lodi and Stockton to double their ICU bed capacity and allow the facilities to accept patients transferred from other regional hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be our first priority, to help offload some of their patients, COVID or non-COVID. This just allows us to accept more patients in general,” McCollough said. “Because we have beds, but we don’t have staff for those beds, this will allow us to put patients in those beds.” [aside tag=\"covid-19,coronavirus\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately 15 U.S. Air Force and five U.S. Army military medical personnel, including doctors, nurses and respiratory technicians, began orientation at Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno on Tuesday, according to a military statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Lynch, Fresno County’s director of emergency medical services, said the team’s primary mission is to support the hospital’s intensive care unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only to sustain or maintain what they have available to them, but also to surge, to add in additional ICU beds to be used,” Lynch said, adding that the hospital does have the capacity to increase ICU bed availability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just need the staffing and that’s what this will do,” Lynch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Col. Martin L. O'Donnell, public affairs officer with U.S. Army North (Fifth Army) said the personnel were expected to begin their first shifts Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military medical personnel — doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists and others — are trained and certified in their respective fields. Many have deployed previously to support the whole-of-America response to the COVID-19 pandemic,” O'Donnell said. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistance at these hospitals in Lodi, Stockton and Fresno was requested through the state by San Joaquin and Fresno counties’ emergency medical services agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States identify if and where they need federal support and then request it from [Federal Emergency Management Agency], which is the lead federal agency for the nation's COVID-19 response, through what is called a mission assignment process. Once a mission assignment is approved, we work with U.S. Northern Command, the Department of Defense and the military services to quickly deploy forces to respond to affected areas,” O’Donnell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California facilities, including the hospitals in Lodi, Stockton and Fresno, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-19/military-medical-providers-california-hospitals-coronavirus-staffing-shortages\">previously received military support\u003c/a> to deal with the coronavirus surge over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch said this assistance is critical at facilities like the Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno, which serves as the only Level 1 trauma center between Los Angeles and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Its ability to accept and care for critical patients must be preserved,” Lynch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical personnel are expected to be deployed for 30 days, with the opportunity to extend, McCollough said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The hospitals selected are located in the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California, two regions of the state with 0% ICU bed capacity and currently under mandatory stay-at-home orders.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1609369404,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1109},"headData":{"title":"Hard-Hit California Hospitals Receive Military Support | KQED","description":"The hospitals selected are located in the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California, two regions of the state with 0% ICU bed capacity and currently under mandatory stay-at-home orders.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Hard-Hit California Hospitals Receive Military Support","datePublished":"2020-12-30T22:28:31.000Z","dateModified":"2020-12-30T23:03:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11853248 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11853248","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/12/30/hard-hit-california-hospitals-receive-military-support/","disqusTitle":"Hard-Hit California Hospitals Receive Military Support","path":"/news/11853248/hard-hit-california-hospitals-receive-military-support","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A group of approximately 75 Department of Defense medical personnel have deployed to a handful of California hospitals in two of the state’s regions hardest hit by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 65 U.S. Air Force doctors, nurses and other medical staff from the 60th Medical Group at Travis Air Force Base and around 10 U.S. Army nurses from a Fort Carson, Colorado-based military medical unit, have arrived and begun onboarding at four hospitals: Adventist Health Lodi Memorial in Lodi, Dameron Hospital in Stockton, Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno and Arrowhead Regional Medical Center in Colton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deployment comes as California — and the entire country — is experiencing a devastating surge in COVID-19 cases. The hospitals selected are located in the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California, two regions of the state with 0% ICU bed capacity and currently under mandatory stay-at-home orders. On Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11853132/california-extends-stay-at-home-order-in-socal-san-joaquin-valley\">those orders were extended.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in the middle of a big surge and a crisis in our health care system,” Fresno County Interim Health Officer Dr. Rais Vohra said in a media briefing Tuesday. “We’ve seen more fatalities this month than through any other month of the pandemic here in Fresno County.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the briefing, Vohra highlighted a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/LCP/Pages/AFL-20-91.aspx\">All Facilities Letter\u003c/a> from the California Department of Public Health, reminding hospitals to have and implement Crisis Care Continuum Guidelines if experiencing a surge in COVID-19 patients. Vohra said the standards indicate a disaster situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11853269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11853269 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356.png\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1536\" height=\"1305\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356-800x680.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356-1020x867.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/CRMC-2-e1609365306356-160x136.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Department of Defense military personnel begin onboarding at Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno. The U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army doctors, nurses and other medical staff will primarily focus on supporting the hospital's intensive care unit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Community Regional Medical Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’ve experienced, and continue to experience, just really severe impacts to our health care system, both in the capacity to house patients and to take care of them, as well as resources related to personnel and staffing,” Vohra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooke McCollough, operations executive for Lodi Memorial and Dameron hospitals said the people who’ve contracted COVID-19 are often in the hospital for “many days” and can take a long time to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These patients are very sick,” McCollough said. “It’s not just old people, it’s all over the place, all over the board, as far as race, age. Of course people with more serious illnesses are more susceptible to having more serious illness. This is just something more than what we’ve ever been through in my career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We’ve experienced, and continue to experience, just really severe impacts to our health care system, both in the capacity to house patients and to take care of them, as well as resources related to personnel and staffing'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Fresno County Interim Health Officer Dr. Rais Vohra","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two physicians, two physician assistants, seven respiratory therapists, 24 registered nurses and other support staff arrived at the hospitals in San Joaquin County Tuesday, according to a Lodi Memorial hospital spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCollough said Lodi Memorial and Dameron hospitals are facilities that have space for greater ICU bed capacity, but not enough physicians and nurses to care for patients if they are admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This additional staff will allow us to accept patients in some of those beds,” McCollough said. “We’ve also tried to secure traveling nurses, but the whole country is after the same group of nurses, and so it’s very hard to get those nurses to accept a contract for your facility because they’re all being used by other places.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCollough said the additional staffing will allow the hospitals in Lodi and Stockton to double their ICU bed capacity and allow the facilities to accept patients transferred from other regional hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be our first priority, to help offload some of their patients, COVID or non-COVID. This just allows us to accept more patients in general,” McCollough said. “Because we have beds, but we don’t have staff for those beds, this will allow us to put patients in those beds.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"covid-19,coronavirus","label":"more coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approximately 15 U.S. Air Force and five U.S. Army military medical personnel, including doctors, nurses and respiratory technicians, began orientation at Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno on Tuesday, according to a military statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Lynch, Fresno County’s director of emergency medical services, said the team’s primary mission is to support the hospital’s intensive care unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only to sustain or maintain what they have available to them, but also to surge, to add in additional ICU beds to be used,” Lynch said, adding that the hospital does have the capacity to increase ICU bed availability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just need the staffing and that’s what this will do,” Lynch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Col. Martin L. O'Donnell, public affairs officer with U.S. Army North (Fifth Army) said the personnel were expected to begin their first shifts Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The military medical personnel — doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists and others — are trained and certified in their respective fields. Many have deployed previously to support the whole-of-America response to the COVID-19 pandemic,” O'Donnell said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistance at these hospitals in Lodi, Stockton and Fresno was requested through the state by San Joaquin and Fresno counties’ emergency medical services agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States identify if and where they need federal support and then request it from [Federal Emergency Management Agency], which is the lead federal agency for the nation's COVID-19 response, through what is called a mission assignment process. Once a mission assignment is approved, we work with U.S. Northern Command, the Department of Defense and the military services to quickly deploy forces to respond to affected areas,” O’Donnell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California facilities, including the hospitals in Lodi, Stockton and Fresno, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-19/military-medical-providers-california-hospitals-coronavirus-staffing-shortages\">previously received military support\u003c/a> to deal with the coronavirus surge over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch said this assistance is critical at facilities like the Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno, which serves as the only Level 1 trauma center between Los Angeles and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Its ability to accept and care for critical patients must be preserved,” Lynch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical personnel are expected to be deployed for 30 days, with the opportunity to extend, McCollough said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11853248/hard-hit-california-hospitals-receive-military-support","authors":["11490"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_27350","news_27504","news_27626","news_18659","news_28925","news_80"],"featImg":"news_11853268","label":"news"},"news_11779632":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11779632","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11779632","score":null,"sort":[1570839791000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hooray-and-boo-for-fleet-week","title":"Hooray and Boo for Fleet Week","publishDate":1570839791,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>In case you haven't noticed the U.S. warships in San Francisco Bay or the fighter jets screaming overhead, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778609/san-francisco-fleet-week-2019-is-here-and-so-are-the-blue-angels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it's Fleet Week again\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have such mixed emotions about \u003ca href=\"https://fleetweeksf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fleet Week\u003c/a>, as this cartoon view inside my brain demonstrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11779645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Fleet Week Brain by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sight of fighter jets streaking overhead can be exhilarating, unless you're a victim of war suffering from PTSD, a dog or someone trying to catch an outdoor music festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Fortunately, Hardly Strictly Bluegrass and the Blue Angels came to town on different weekends this year.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11779647\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Hardly Strictly Blue Angels by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ships and jets are cool, I just wish they were only used for entertaining the masses on the weekends and could skip that whole \"war\" thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11779648\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Fleet Week, All of the Above by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In case you haven't noticed the U.S. warships in San Francisco Bay or the fighter jets screaming overhead, it's Fleet Week again. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1570840494,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":116},"headData":{"title":"Hooray and Boo for Fleet Week | KQED","description":"In case you haven't noticed the U.S. warships in San Francisco Bay or the fighter jets screaming overhead, it's Fleet Week again. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Hooray and Boo for Fleet Week","datePublished":"2019-10-12T00:23:11.000Z","dateModified":"2019-10-12T00:34:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11779632 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11779632","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/10/11/hooray-and-boo-for-fleet-week/","disqusTitle":"Hooray and Boo for Fleet Week","path":"/news/11779632/hooray-and-boo-for-fleet-week","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In case you haven't noticed the U.S. warships in San Francisco Bay or the fighter jets screaming overhead, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778609/san-francisco-fleet-week-2019-is-here-and-so-are-the-blue-angels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it's Fleet Week again\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have such mixed emotions about \u003ca href=\"https://fleetweeksf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fleet Week\u003c/a>, as this cartoon view inside my brain demonstrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11779645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Fleet Week Brain by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleetweek_100915_final01-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sight of fighter jets streaking overhead can be exhilarating, unless you're a victim of war suffering from PTSD, a dog or someone trying to catch an outdoor music festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Fortunately, Hardly Strictly Bluegrass and the Blue Angels came to town on different weekends this year.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11779647\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Hardly Strictly Blue Angels by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/blue_100617_final-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ships and jets are cool, I just wish they were only used for entertaining the masses on the weekends and could skip that whole \"war\" thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11779648\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Fleet Week, All of the Above by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/fleet_100616_final01-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11779632/hooray-and-boo-for-fleet-week","authors":["3236"],"series":["news_18515"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_3278","news_20949","news_80","news_20099","news_4220"],"featImg":"news_11779637","label":"news_18515"},"news_11744513":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11744513","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11744513","score":null,"sort":[1556826543000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sexual-assault-reports-in-military-surge-despite-efforts-to-stem-abuse","title":"Sexual Assault Reports in Military Surge Despite Efforts to Stem Abuse","publishDate":1556826543,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Sexual Assault Reports in Military Surge Despite Efforts to Stem Abuse | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Reports of military sexual assaults jumped by 13% last year, but an anonymous survey of service members released Thursday suggests the problem is vastly larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A1ecb7f1c-caad-4b1e-a8ae-0997899059d6\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">survey results\u003c/a> found that more than 20,000 service members said they experienced some type of sexual assault, but only a third of those filed a formal report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey number is about 37% higher than two years ago, when one was last done, fueling frustration within the department and outrage on Capitol Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am tired of the statement I get over and over from the chain of command: ‘We got this, madam, we got this.’ You don’t have it!” Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, a New York Democrat, shouted during a Senate Armed Services Committee confirmation hearing Thursday for Army Gen. James McConville. “You’re failing us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConville has been nominated to be the next chief of staff of the Army, and that service saw a spike of more than 18% in the number of sexual assault reports filed last year. The Marine Corps had the largest jump, at 23%, while the Navy saw a 7% increase and the Air Force was up by about 4%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon releases a report every year on the number of sexual assaults reported by troops. But because sexual assault is a highly underreported crime, the department sends out an anonymous survey every two years to get a clearer picture of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, a New York Democrat']‘I am tired of the statement I get over and over from the chain of command: ‘We got this, madam, we got this.’ You don’t have it!’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in assaults has triggered another round of new Pentagon programs and initiatives to try to reduce misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate Galbreath, deputy director of the Pentagon’s Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, told reporters Thursday that the latest numbers are “disheartening and it personally makes me angry,” but he said he was “not without hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found that young and junior enlisted women between 17 and 20 were most likely to experience sexual assault. In the vast majority of the cases the alleged perpetrator was a military man, often near the same rank as the victim and usually someone she knows. The report also found that nearly two-thirds of all incidents involved alcohol use by the victim and/or the offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Department must accept that current programs are simply not working. Congress must lead the way in forcing the Department to take more aggressive approaches to fighting this scourge,” Bay Area congresswoman Jackie Speier said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='sexual-assault' label='More Coverage of Sexual Assault']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was also troubled by the report’s “disingenuous and misleading implication that Congressional concern should in any way be mitigated by the fact that 18- to 24-year-old women experienced the largest jump in assaults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That group has always experienced the largest share of assaults and has the largest share of women in the military,” she added. “If anyone is surprised that a significant jump would come from that group, they weren’t paying attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galbreath said the department has to reassess why prevention programs are not working as well with younger troops and adjust those efforts to better reach them. Programs that worked a few years ago, he said, are no longer effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies also found that there are often more problems in military units that have poor command climates or low levels of unit cohesion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, when the Pentagon announced that assaults in 2017 had increased by 10% over 2016, then-Defense Secretary Jim Mattis called the problem a cancer in the ranks and ordered the Department to re-double its efforts to prevent and respond to sexual assaults across the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Jackie Speier, Bay Area congresswoman']‘Congress must lead the way in forcing the Department to take more aggressive approaches to fighting this scourge.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan called this year’s increase unacceptable and directed the military to enact new programs to identify serial offenders and beef up scrutiny of new recruits to ensure they have the right character for military service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sexual assault and sexual harassment are persistent challenges,” Shanahan said in a memo to military service leaders. “We cannot shrink from facing the challenge head on. We must, and will, do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galbreath said one change expected to begin later this summer will have the military begin comparing information on offenders from victims who file so-called “restricted” reports. Filing a restricted report allows victims to seek treatment but they avoid any criminal complaint or prosecution. Many victims choose that route to skirt any potential retribution or stigma of a public trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new plan, Galbreath said the military would put information on alleged attackers into a database so repeat offenders can be identified. Galbreath said if officials find a possible repeat offender, they would go back to the victims to see if they might change their minds and agree to prosecute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan']‘We cannot shrink from facing the challenge head on. We must, and will, do better.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the survey, 21% of the women who said they reported a sexual assault believed that they suffered some type of retaliation aimed at stopping them from making a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, 133 service members filed retaliation complaints. Of those, two-thirds were investigated by department inspectors general and ultimately 13 received some type of punishment, ranging from counseling to a court-martial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Miranda Leitsinger contributed to this report. If you are a survivor of sexual assault in the military and want to share your story, you can email Leitsinger at mleitsinger@kqed.org or reach her on the encrypted app, Signal: 650-888-2765\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The survey number is about 37% higher than two years ago, when one was last done, fueling frustration within the department and outrage on Capitol Hill.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1690403437,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1031},"headData":{"title":"Sexual Assault Reports in Military Surge Despite Efforts to Stem Abuse | KQED","description":"The survey number is about 37% higher than two years ago, when one was last done, fueling frustration within the department and outrage on Capitol Hill.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Sexual Assault Reports in Military Surge Despite Efforts to Stem Abuse","datePublished":"2019-05-02T19:49:03.000Z","dateModified":"2023-07-26T20:30:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11744513/sexual-assault-reports-in-military-surge-despite-efforts-to-stem-abuse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Reports of military sexual assaults jumped by 13% last year, but an anonymous survey of service members released Thursday suggests the problem is vastly larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A1ecb7f1c-caad-4b1e-a8ae-0997899059d6\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">survey results\u003c/a> found that more than 20,000 service members said they experienced some type of sexual assault, but only a third of those filed a formal report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey number is about 37% higher than two years ago, when one was last done, fueling frustration within the department and outrage on Capitol Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am tired of the statement I get over and over from the chain of command: ‘We got this, madam, we got this.’ You don’t have it!” Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, a New York Democrat, shouted during a Senate Armed Services Committee confirmation hearing Thursday for Army Gen. James McConville. “You’re failing us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConville has been nominated to be the next chief of staff of the Army, and that service saw a spike of more than 18% in the number of sexual assault reports filed last year. The Marine Corps had the largest jump, at 23%, while the Navy saw a 7% increase and the Air Force was up by about 4%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon releases a report every year on the number of sexual assaults reported by troops. But because sexual assault is a highly underreported crime, the department sends out an anonymous survey every two years to get a clearer picture of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I am tired of the statement I get over and over from the chain of command: ‘We got this, madam, we got this.’ You don’t have it!’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, a New York Democrat","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in assaults has triggered another round of new Pentagon programs and initiatives to try to reduce misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate Galbreath, deputy director of the Pentagon’s Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, told reporters Thursday that the latest numbers are “disheartening and it personally makes me angry,” but he said he was “not without hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found that young and junior enlisted women between 17 and 20 were most likely to experience sexual assault. In the vast majority of the cases the alleged perpetrator was a military man, often near the same rank as the victim and usually someone she knows. The report also found that nearly two-thirds of all incidents involved alcohol use by the victim and/or the offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Department must accept that current programs are simply not working. Congress must lead the way in forcing the Department to take more aggressive approaches to fighting this scourge,” Bay Area congresswoman Jackie Speier said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"sexual-assault","label":"More Coverage of Sexual Assault "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was also troubled by the report’s “disingenuous and misleading implication that Congressional concern should in any way be mitigated by the fact that 18- to 24-year-old women experienced the largest jump in assaults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That group has always experienced the largest share of assaults and has the largest share of women in the military,” she added. “If anyone is surprised that a significant jump would come from that group, they weren’t paying attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galbreath said the department has to reassess why prevention programs are not working as well with younger troops and adjust those efforts to better reach them. Programs that worked a few years ago, he said, are no longer effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies also found that there are often more problems in military units that have poor command climates or low levels of unit cohesion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, when the Pentagon announced that assaults in 2017 had increased by 10% over 2016, then-Defense Secretary Jim Mattis called the problem a cancer in the ranks and ordered the Department to re-double its efforts to prevent and respond to sexual assaults across the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Congress must lead the way in forcing the Department to take more aggressive approaches to fighting this scourge.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Jackie Speier, Bay Area congresswoman","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan called this year’s increase unacceptable and directed the military to enact new programs to identify serial offenders and beef up scrutiny of new recruits to ensure they have the right character for military service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sexual assault and sexual harassment are persistent challenges,” Shanahan said in a memo to military service leaders. “We cannot shrink from facing the challenge head on. We must, and will, do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galbreath said one change expected to begin later this summer will have the military begin comparing information on offenders from victims who file so-called “restricted” reports. Filing a restricted report allows victims to seek treatment but they avoid any criminal complaint or prosecution. Many victims choose that route to skirt any potential retribution or stigma of a public trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new plan, Galbreath said the military would put information on alleged attackers into a database so repeat offenders can be identified. Galbreath said if officials find a possible repeat offender, they would go back to the victims to see if they might change their minds and agree to prosecute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We cannot shrink from facing the challenge head on. We must, and will, do better.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"right","citation":"Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the survey, 21% of the women who said they reported a sexual assault believed that they suffered some type of retaliation aimed at stopping them from making a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, 133 service members filed retaliation complaints. Of those, two-thirds were investigated by department inspectors general and ultimately 13 received some type of punishment, ranging from counseling to a court-martial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Miranda Leitsinger contributed to this report. If you are a survivor of sexual assault in the military and want to share your story, you can email Leitsinger at mleitsinger@kqed.org or reach her on the encrypted app, Signal: 650-888-2765\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11744513/sexual-assault-reports-in-military-surge-despite-efforts-to-stem-abuse","authors":["byline_news_11744513"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_5568","news_80","news_20100","news_2700","news_1527","news_20099"],"featImg":"news_11744542","label":"news_72"},"news_11735602":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11735602","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11735602","score":null,"sort":[1553640579000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"missile-defense-agency-claims-successful-warhead-intercept-launched-from-california","title":"Missile Defense Agency Claims Successful Warhead Intercept Launched from California","publishDate":1553640579,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Missile Defense Agency says it has conducted \u003ca href=\"https://www.mda.mil/news/19news0003.html\">another successful test\u003c/a> of its ground-based interceptor system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday's test involved a missile carrying a dummy warhead fired from Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean toward the West Coast of the United States. Sensors tracked the missile as it flew, and then two interceptors were launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first interceptor successfully slammed into the dummy warhead high over the Pacific. As designed, the second interceptor appeared to continue to seek a target, eventually hitting the largest chunk of debris it could find, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.csis.org/people/thomas-karako\">Thomas Karako\u003c/a>, director of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was the first salvo test,\" Karako says, referring to the fact that more than one interceptor was fired at a target. It proved that the trailing interceptor wouldn't be confused by the leading one and could continue to seek a target. That's important, Karako says, because if the system was used against a real warhead, multiple interceptors would be fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the event of a real threat, of course they would fire more than one,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test is the latest for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mda.mil/system/gmd.html\">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense\u003c/a> system, which is designed to strike intercontinental ballistic missiles coming from countries such as North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present, there are 40 interceptors based at Fort Greely, Alaska, and four at Vandenberg. The latest test is the third success in recent years. In 2017, a single interceptor struck a single warhead in a similar test. And in 2014, an interceptor struck a warhead delivered by a smaller, intermediate range ballistic missile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think yesterday's test contributes substantially to the confidence of the warfighter and the American people,\" Karako says. \"This system has been proven yet again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is convinced. \"The test was really secretive, much more so than in past years,\" says Laura Grego, a physicist with the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grego notes that details about the nature of the intercept make it difficult to tell whether the system would work in the real world. \"It was called a success, but we can't tell from public information how high the bar for success was set.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karako says that the system as it is currently configured can provide some defense against a small nuclear upstart like North Korea. But he says it would be easily overwhelmed by the larger nuclear arsenals of countries such as Russia and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grego cautions against relying on the system at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should not be thinking about the [Ground-Based Midcourse Defense] as a robust defense, or a robust deterrent,\" she says. \"It does not provide protection in a real-world sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon's missile defense review calls for increasing the number of interceptors to 64 as soon as 2023. But even that would not provide a global defense. The report also calls for investigating space-based systems that might provide more comprehensive coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, President Trump called for a missile defense system that could \"detect and destroy any missile launched against the United States, anywhere, any time, any place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Missile+Defense+Agency+Claims+Successful+Warhead+Intercept&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Multiple interceptors tracked and destroyed a missile carrying a dummy warhead. Advocates claim the test proves the system can provide some defense against countries such as North Korea.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1553641592,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":546},"headData":{"title":"Missile Defense Agency Claims Successful Warhead Intercept Launched from California | KQED","description":"Multiple interceptors tracked and destroyed a missile carrying a dummy warhead. Advocates claim the test proves the system can provide some defense against countries such as North Korea.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Missile Defense Agency Claims Successful Warhead Intercept Launched from California","datePublished":"2019-03-26T22:49:39.000Z","dateModified":"2019-03-26T23:06:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11735602 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11735602","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/03/26/missile-defense-agency-claims-successful-warhead-intercept-launched-from-california/","disqusTitle":"Missile Defense Agency Claims Successful Warhead Intercept Launched from California","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/","nprByline":"Geoff Brumfiel","nprImageAgency":"Missile Defense Agency","nprStoryId":"706828782","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=706828782&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/26/706828782/missile-defense-agency-claims-successful-warhead-intercept?ft=nprml&f=706828782","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 26 Mar 2019 13:25:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 26 Mar 2019 11:28:24 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 26 Mar 2019 13:25:08 -0400","path":"/news/11735602/missile-defense-agency-claims-successful-warhead-intercept-launched-from-california","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Missile Defense Agency says it has conducted \u003ca href=\"https://www.mda.mil/news/19news0003.html\">another successful test\u003c/a> of its ground-based interceptor system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday's test involved a missile carrying a dummy warhead fired from Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean toward the West Coast of the United States. Sensors tracked the missile as it flew, and then two interceptors were launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first interceptor successfully slammed into the dummy warhead high over the Pacific. As designed, the second interceptor appeared to continue to seek a target, eventually hitting the largest chunk of debris it could find, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.csis.org/people/thomas-karako\">Thomas Karako\u003c/a>, director of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was the first salvo test,\" Karako says, referring to the fact that more than one interceptor was fired at a target. It proved that the trailing interceptor wouldn't be confused by the leading one and could continue to seek a target. That's important, Karako says, because if the system was used against a real warhead, multiple interceptors would be fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the event of a real threat, of course they would fire more than one,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test is the latest for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mda.mil/system/gmd.html\">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense\u003c/a> system, which is designed to strike intercontinental ballistic missiles coming from countries such as North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present, there are 40 interceptors based at Fort Greely, Alaska, and four at Vandenberg. The latest test is the third success in recent years. In 2017, a single interceptor struck a single warhead in a similar test. And in 2014, an interceptor struck a warhead delivered by a smaller, intermediate range ballistic missile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think yesterday's test contributes substantially to the confidence of the warfighter and the American people,\" Karako says. \"This system has been proven yet again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is convinced. \"The test was really secretive, much more so than in past years,\" says Laura Grego, a physicist with the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grego notes that details about the nature of the intercept make it difficult to tell whether the system would work in the real world. \"It was called a success, but we can't tell from public information how high the bar for success was set.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karako says that the system as it is currently configured can provide some defense against a small nuclear upstart like North Korea. But he says it would be easily overwhelmed by the larger nuclear arsenals of countries such as Russia and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grego cautions against relying on the system at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should not be thinking about the [Ground-Based Midcourse Defense] as a robust defense, or a robust deterrent,\" she says. \"It does not provide protection in a real-world sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon's missile defense review calls for increasing the number of interceptors to 64 as soon as 2023. But even that would not provide a global defense. The report also calls for investigating space-based systems that might provide more comprehensive coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, President Trump called for a missile defense system that could \"detect and destroy any missile launched against the United States, anywhere, any time, any place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Missile+Defense+Agency+Claims+Successful+Warhead+Intercept&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11735602/missile-defense-agency-claims-successful-warhead-intercept-launched-from-california","authors":["byline_news_11735602"],"categories":["news_8","news_248"],"tags":["news_80","news_23163"],"featImg":"news_11735603","label":"source_news_11735602"},"news_11714025":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11714025","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11714025","score":null,"sort":[1545341570000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fact-check-mexico-isnt-paying-for-the-border-wall-military-unlikely-to-build-it","title":"FACT CHECK: Mexico Isn't Paying for the Border Wall, Military Unlikely to Build it","publishDate":1545341570,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>President Trump launched his campaign in 2015 promising, \"I will build a great, great wall on our southern border. And I will have Mexico pay for that wall. Mark my words.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before long, supporters were chanting, \"Build the wall!\" and Trump was leading them in a call and response. Who will pay for the wall? Mexico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told rally-goers that a lot of politicians said it wouldn't be possible to get Mexico to pay for it. \"It's going to be so easy; it's going to be so easy,\" Trump insisted at the time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Times have changed. Mexico still hasn't paid for it, and the GOP-controlled Congress is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/678602214\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">debating yet another short-term government funding bill\u003c/a> that doesn't contain the $5 billion in wall money over which Trump threatened a government shutdown just a week ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His conservative media allies are rebelling, including Laura Ingraham of Fox News, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IngrahamAngle/status/1075562795947749381\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">who tweeted Wednesday\u003c/a>, \"It was supposed to be a 'big beautiful wall' with a 'big beautiful door.' Now it's just an open door with no frame. Unreal.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/IngrahamAngle/status/1075562795947749381\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this has Trump offering new and increasingly far-fetched explanations for how the wall will be built and how Mexico will pay for it. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Claim 1: Mexico is paying\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In a tweet on Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1075386058282545152\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump offered a new pitch\u003c/a> for how the border wall will get done: \"Mexico is paying (indirectly) for the Wall through the new USMCA, the replacement for NAFTA! Far more money coming to the U.S.,\" he wrote. \"The United States Military will build the Wall!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1075386058282545152\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fact check:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump talks about the U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement, or USMCA, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/30/672150010/usmca-trump-signs-new-trade-agreement-with-mexico-and-canada\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the new trade agreement\u003c/a> is already in place. It isn't. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It still has to be ratified by Congress and the legislatures in Mexico and Canada. So, the president's claim that far more money is coming into the U.S. couldn't possibly be true at this point. But will it be true in the future? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no guarantee that on a net basis this trade agreement will produce more economic benefits for the U.S. than NAFTA did in the past,\" said David Gantz, a law professor at the University of Arizona who focuses on trade agreements. \"We don't know yet, and we won't know for several years.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gantz said when NAFTA was approved, backers oversold the economic benefits to the U.S. And while he argues there are some good improvements and updates in the USMCA, they aren't expected to supercharge economic growth in the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about possible economic growth as a result of the USMCA bringing in more tax revenue, Monica de Bolle, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said, \"We have no guarantee that that would happen including because the USMCA is first of all not all that different from NAFTA.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the White House press briefing earlier this week, press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders was asked to explain how the USMCA would pay, even indirectly, for the wall. Here's the exchange: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanders:\u003c/strong> \"We're talking about additional revenue that wouldn't have existed without the president getting a new deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reporter:\u003c/strong> \"Have you done the math on that? That —\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanders:\u003c/strong> \"There are — there have been a number of things that we've looked at in which we know will have additional revenue that comes in through the USMCA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reporter: \u003c/strong>\"Twenty-five billion from the USMCA into the Treasury?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanders:\u003c/strong> \"We think we'll have — we think there will be more than that that comes in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's not clear where her math is coming from, though. The White House Council of Economic Advisers hasn't studied the expected economic impacts of the new trade deal yet, and neither has the office of the U.S. Trade Representative, which led negotiations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump and Sanders are referring to revenue from tariffs, economist de Bolle points out that wouldn't be coming from Mexico, either. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are collecting more revenues, it's because you're making your own consumers pay more for something that they were paying less for before,\" she said. \"You're making the Treasury better off at the expense of your own consumers. It's not at the expense of some other country. It's not.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Claim 2: The military will build the wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump also claims that \"because of the tremendous dangers at the Border, including large scale criminal and drug inflow, the United States Military will build the Wall!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This raises two questions: 1. Does the military have the authority to build the wall? 2. Does it have the money to build the wall? \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fact check:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, in an email to NPR's Tom Bowman, Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Jamie Davis addressed the question of legal authority: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"To date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall. However, Congress has provided options under Title 10 U.S. Code that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As for the funding, that is a much stickier challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not going to happen,\" said Todd Harrison, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, who specialized in military budgeting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's why he is making such a bold prediction: \"For the military to build the wall, that would qualify as a military construction project, and there's not any money currently appropriated for this — certainly not $5 billion,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, let's say the president decided the military should take money already set aside for something else and use it to build the wall instead — that would require approval from Congress. Harrison says all the relevant committees in both chambers would have to approve shifting, or \"reprogramming,\" the funds. There are also caps on just how much money can be moved that way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If any one of those committees says no, you can't do it,\" Harrison said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has a hard time imagining those committees signing off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be coming at the expense of other priorities in the military,\" Harrison said. \"Even if they agree with the wall, they would say, 'Hey, don't take our money to pay for it. This money is intended for the military. That's what it was approved for, and that's what we want it to be used for.' \" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process would be the same if the Trump administration wanted to shift funds to the wall from other agencies as well. Congress controls the purse strings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that only becomes a harder sell once Democrats take control of the House and the relevant committees in January. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Mexico+Isn%27t+Paying+For+The+Border+Wall%2C+Military+Unlikely+To+Build+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With a proposed government funding bill not putting money into President Trump's border wall, he's now talking about different ways to complete his long-promised project.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1545341570,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1158},"headData":{"title":"FACT CHECK: Mexico Isn't Paying for the Border Wall, Military Unlikely to Build it | KQED","description":"With a proposed government funding bill not putting money into President Trump's border wall, he's now talking about different ways to complete his long-promised project.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"FACT CHECK: Mexico Isn't Paying for the Border Wall, Military Unlikely to Build it","datePublished":"2018-12-20T21:32:50.000Z","dateModified":"2018-12-20T21:32:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11714025 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11714025","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/12/20/fact-check-mexico-isnt-paying-for-the-border-wall-military-unlikely-to-build-it/","disqusTitle":"FACT CHECK: Mexico Isn't Paying for the Border Wall, Military Unlikely to Build it","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org","nprImageCredit":"Guillermo Arias","nprByline":"Tamara Keith","nprImageAgency":"AFP/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"678557749","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=678557749&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/20/678557749/fact-check-border-wall-funding?ft=nprml&f=678557749","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 20 Dec 2018 12:36:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 20 Dec 2018 05:04:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 20 Dec 2018 12:36:54 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/12/20181220_me_fact_check_border_wall_funding.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1014&aggIds=455779263&d=226&p=3&story=678557749&ft=nprml&f=678557749","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1678557750-bdb004.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1014&aggIds=455779263&d=226&p=3&story=678557749&ft=nprml&f=678557749","audioTrackLength":226,"path":"/news/11714025/fact-check-mexico-isnt-paying-for-the-border-wall-military-unlikely-to-build-it","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/12/20181220_me_fact_check_border_wall_funding.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1014&aggIds=455779263&d=226&p=3&story=678557749&ft=nprml&f=678557749","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump launched his campaign in 2015 promising, \"I will build a great, great wall on our southern border. And I will have Mexico pay for that wall. Mark my words.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before long, supporters were chanting, \"Build the wall!\" and Trump was leading them in a call and response. Who will pay for the wall? Mexico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told rally-goers that a lot of politicians said it wouldn't be possible to get Mexico to pay for it. \"It's going to be so easy; it's going to be so easy,\" Trump insisted at the time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Times have changed. Mexico still hasn't paid for it, and the GOP-controlled Congress is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/678602214\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">debating yet another short-term government funding bill\u003c/a> that doesn't contain the $5 billion in wall money over which Trump threatened a government shutdown just a week ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His conservative media allies are rebelling, including Laura Ingraham of Fox News, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IngrahamAngle/status/1075562795947749381\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">who tweeted Wednesday\u003c/a>, \"It was supposed to be a 'big beautiful wall' with a 'big beautiful door.' Now it's just an open door with no frame. Unreal.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1075562795947749381"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>All of this has Trump offering new and increasingly far-fetched explanations for how the wall will be built and how Mexico will pay for it. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Claim 1: Mexico is paying\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In a tweet on Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1075386058282545152\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump offered a new pitch\u003c/a> for how the border wall will get done: \"Mexico is paying (indirectly) for the Wall through the new USMCA, the replacement for NAFTA! Far more money coming to the U.S.,\" he wrote. \"The United States Military will build the Wall!\" \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1075386058282545152"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch3>Fact check:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump talks about the U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement, or USMCA, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/30/672150010/usmca-trump-signs-new-trade-agreement-with-mexico-and-canada\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the new trade agreement\u003c/a> is already in place. It isn't. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It still has to be ratified by Congress and the legislatures in Mexico and Canada. So, the president's claim that far more money is coming into the U.S. couldn't possibly be true at this point. But will it be true in the future? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no guarantee that on a net basis this trade agreement will produce more economic benefits for the U.S. than NAFTA did in the past,\" said David Gantz, a law professor at the University of Arizona who focuses on trade agreements. \"We don't know yet, and we won't know for several years.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gantz said when NAFTA was approved, backers oversold the economic benefits to the U.S. And while he argues there are some good improvements and updates in the USMCA, they aren't expected to supercharge economic growth in the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about possible economic growth as a result of the USMCA bringing in more tax revenue, Monica de Bolle, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said, \"We have no guarantee that that would happen including because the USMCA is first of all not all that different from NAFTA.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the White House press briefing earlier this week, press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders was asked to explain how the USMCA would pay, even indirectly, for the wall. Here's the exchange: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanders:\u003c/strong> \"We're talking about additional revenue that wouldn't have existed without the president getting a new deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reporter:\u003c/strong> \"Have you done the math on that? That —\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanders:\u003c/strong> \"There are — there have been a number of things that we've looked at in which we know will have additional revenue that comes in through the USMCA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reporter: \u003c/strong>\"Twenty-five billion from the USMCA into the Treasury?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sanders:\u003c/strong> \"We think we'll have — we think there will be more than that that comes in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It's not clear where her math is coming from, though. The White House Council of Economic Advisers hasn't studied the expected economic impacts of the new trade deal yet, and neither has the office of the U.S. Trade Representative, which led negotiations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump and Sanders are referring to revenue from tariffs, economist de Bolle points out that wouldn't be coming from Mexico, either. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are collecting more revenues, it's because you're making your own consumers pay more for something that they were paying less for before,\" she said. \"You're making the Treasury better off at the expense of your own consumers. It's not at the expense of some other country. It's not.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Claim 2: The military will build the wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump also claims that \"because of the tremendous dangers at the Border, including large scale criminal and drug inflow, the United States Military will build the Wall!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This raises two questions: 1. Does the military have the authority to build the wall? 2. Does it have the money to build the wall? \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fact check:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, in an email to NPR's Tom Bowman, Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Jamie Davis addressed the question of legal authority: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"To date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall. However, Congress has provided options under Title 10 U.S. Code that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As for the funding, that is a much stickier challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not going to happen,\" said Todd Harrison, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, who specialized in military budgeting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's why he is making such a bold prediction: \"For the military to build the wall, that would qualify as a military construction project, and there's not any money currently appropriated for this — certainly not $5 billion,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, let's say the president decided the military should take money already set aside for something else and use it to build the wall instead — that would require approval from Congress. Harrison says all the relevant committees in both chambers would have to approve shifting, or \"reprogramming,\" the funds. There are also caps on just how much money can be moved that way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If any one of those committees says no, you can't do it,\" Harrison said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has a hard time imagining those committees signing off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be coming at the expense of other priorities in the military,\" Harrison said. \"Even if they agree with the wall, they would say, 'Hey, don't take our money to pay for it. This money is intended for the military. That's what it was approved for, and that's what we want it to be used for.' \" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process would be the same if the Trump administration wanted to shift funds to the wall from other agencies as well. Congress controls the purse strings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that only becomes a harder sell once Democrats take control of the House and the relevant committees in January. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Mexico+Isn%27t+Paying+For+The+Border+Wall%2C+Military+Unlikely+To+Build+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11714025/fact-check-mexico-isnt-paying-for-the-border-wall-military-unlikely-to-build-it","authors":["byline_news_11714025"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_20446","news_2403","news_80"],"featImg":"news_11714026","label":"source_news_11714025"},"news_11696833":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11696833","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11696833","score":null,"sort":[1538776410000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"birds-overhead-again","title":"Birds Overhead Again","publishDate":1538776410,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mark Fiore: Drawn to the Bay | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":18515,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Love it or hate it, it's Fleet Week in San Francisco again. \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefleetflying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find out what you can see (or avoid) here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main action will be along the north side of San Francisco, from Crissy Field to the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to avoid the Fleet Week crowds, you can find an entirely different crowd in Golden Gate Park at \u003ca href=\"http://www.hardlystrictlybluegrass.com/2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hardly Strictly Bluegrass\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the cartoon below shows, I'm a little torn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11696861\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-800x800.png\" alt=\"Fleet Week by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-800x800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-1180x1180.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-960x960.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/fleetweek_100915_final-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Love it or hate it, it's Fleet Week in San Francisco again. Find out what you can see (or avoid) here.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1538776410,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":77},"headData":{"title":"Birds Overhead Again | KQED","description":"Love it or hate it, it's Fleet Week in San Francisco again. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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