SF’s Equity Program Fails to Address Racial Disparities in Cannabis Industry
Despite Legalization, Black Market Cannabis Flourishes in California
Biden to Pardon Simple Federal Marijuana Possession Convictions
California's Marijuana Economy Threatened by Growing Illegal Market
Legalizing Cannabis Has Unexpected Impact on Food and Farming in Humboldt
Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market
Possessing Marijuana in Prison 'Is Not A Felony,' California Court Says
Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds
L.A. to Use Tech to Wipe Out Tens of Thousands of Old Pot Convictions
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Her series \u003ca href=\"http://afterthegoldrushradio.com/\">After the Gold Rush\u003c/a> featured the changing industries, populations and identities of rural towns throughout California. She’s now producing \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, a series exploring the intersections of food, culture, economics, history and labor. Follow along on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/californiafoodways?ref=hl\">Facebook page\u003c/a> or on Twitter @cafoodways.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lisa Morehouse | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lmorehouse"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11983231":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983231","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983231","score":null,"sort":[1713438040000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-the-cannabis-industry-has-changed","title":"SF’s Equity Program Fails to Address Racial Disparities in Cannabis Industry","publishDate":1713438040,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SF’s Equity Program Fails to Address Racial Disparities in Cannabis Industry | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Mimi Cavalheiro was in the cannabis industry for over 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started working on cannabis farms in Humboldt County in the late 1990s. The county is part of the coastal region in Northern California known as The Emerald Triangle and includes Trinity and Mendocino counties. It was the center of cannabis production in the United States before recreational marijuana was legalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who planted marijuana alongside other crops on their land for decades taught Cavalheiro their tricks for growing high-quality cannabis. In 2004, she moved to San Francisco and started her own business, selling products to medical dispensaries under Proposition 215.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ramon Garcia, cannabis entrepreneur\"]‘You’re taking impacted people that may not have gotten through high school or even college or been arrested, and you’re expecting them to run a highly restrictive, highly regulated business.’[/pullquote]“Man, I miss 215,” she said, laughing as we walked through the historic home of Dennis Peron, widely considered the father of medical marijuana in California. The house, known as the Castro Castle, is an archive of cannabis and AIDS activism in San Francisco in the 1980s and 90s. The walls are plastered with newspaper cut-outs, framed protest photos, and Proposition 215 posters, pins and T-shirts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peron co-authored the proposition, a state law that allowed people to possess and cultivate marijuana for personal medical use with a doctor’s recommendation. Peron was a staunch advocate for medicinal marijuana because he saw how it eased the pain of AIDS patients as the epidemic swept through San Francisco in the 1980s. His partner, Jonathan West, died from complications of the disease in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, which passed in 1996, was expanded to protect growers like Cavalheiro, who were producing and selling modest amounts of marijuana. Two decades later, Proposition 64 legalized adult recreational use of cannabis in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco created an equity program in 2018 that aimed to help Black and brown people, who were disproportionately arrested and imprisoned during the so-called War on Drugs, enter the industry. In six years, hundreds have been verified as candidates for the program, but only a few dozen equity operators have active businesses in the city. Cavalheiro, a Mexican and Brazilian woman in her late 40s, isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976904\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976904\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A hand holds papers and a green folder with writing on the front.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivan Castro looks through paperwork related to the cannabis equity program at Mission Cannabis Club in San Francisco on Feb. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cavalheiro and other Black and brown cannabis business owners interviewed by KQED said they feel that the equity program has failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never had this huge operation, and I wasn’t making millions of dollars, but I could support myself, and I lived a nice life,” said Cavalheiro, a single mother. “I don’t have a college degree. I could have easily been on food stamps. I was able to support myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization shuttered Cavalheiro’s business because she needed a permit to grow cannabis. And new regulations meant she couldn’t sell directly to the dispensary owners she had decadeslong relationships with. The legal market was quickly saturated by operators from outside California and speculative venture capitalists.[aside postID=\"news_11820721,news_11719852,news_11981277\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization was met with a rush of excitement, but seven years later, California’s cannabis industry is struggling economically. According to data released in February by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, \u003ca href=\"https://cdtfa.ca.gov/dataportal/dataset.htm?url=CannabisTaxRevenues\">sales at dispensaries in the state were down for the second consecutive year\u003c/a> as consumers, who buy tax-free weed products from illicit dealers and stores, continue to undermine the legal market. The price of cannabis has plummeted, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2023/02/emerald-triangle-cannabis-communities/\">some cannabis cultivators in the Emerald Triangle are broke and starving\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, San Francisco canceled its annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980820/san-franciscos-annual-420-celebration-on-hippie-hill-canceled-for-2024\">420 celebration at Hippie Hill\u003c/a>, a city-supported event since legalization, in part because of the industry’s financial problems. David Downs, a cannabis journalist and creator of \u003ca href=\"https://sfweedweek.com/\">SF Weed Week\u003c/a>, which runs through Friday, told KQED that industry revenues have plateaued at around $5 billion and profit margins remain thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The festival has historically brought hazy skies and crowds of up to 20,000 to share joints and dance to DJ sets in Golden Gate Park. This year will be the first time in decades that San Francisco has no formal event. Local equity cannabis entrepreneurs don’t feel like there’s much to celebrate anyway because they bear the brunt of the industry’s downturn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramon Garcia, a cannabis entrepreneur, advocated for Oakland’s first-in-the-nation cannabis equity program in 2017 and the similar one developed in San Francisco the following year. San Francisco’s program provides priority permitting, application fee waivers, industry partnerships and technical support to people who qualify. Garcia said the city hasn’t provided enough resources, such as business education and money for startup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re taking impacted people that may not have gotten through high school or even college or been arrested, and you’re expecting them to run a highly restrictive, highly regulated business,” said Garcia, the former equity chair of the California Grower’s Association. “You’re admitting to the fact that you did this damage and giving them the licenses, but you’re not giving them any resources to actually be able to service it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lily Moser, a communications and legislative analyst for the city administrator’s office, more than 450 people have been verified as equity applicants, and 150 have submitted at least one business permit application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March, just 45 equity-owned cannabis businesses were operating in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976905\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a green bomber jacket sits down in a booth.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivan Castro (left) speaks with Peter Maggs, general manager at Mission Cannabis Club, at the dispensary in San Francisco on Feb. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ivan Castro, who started selling weed to classmates and neighbors in the Mission as a teenager, owns one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro, 47, was working in internet sales when he learned he could qualify for the San Francisco equity program. He was still selling weed as a side hustle, and Castro saw it as an opportunity to pair his marketing skills with his cannabis knowledge. He went through the verification process, digging up a lease for his childhood home, foreclosure documents and an old arrest record for marijuana possession to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He applied for a retail permit to open a dispensary. It is stalled in the permitting queue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of cannabis in San Francisco since legalization by the City Services Auditor found that the average waiting time for approval of an equity cannabis business permit was between \u003ca href=\"https://sfcontroller.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Auditing/Cannabis%20in%20San%20Francisco_A%20Review%20Following%20Adult-Use%20Legalization_FINAL%20REPORT.pdf\">18 and 24 months\u003c/a>. Castro, who submitted his dispensary permit in 2019, said it still hasn’t been reviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the current wait time for equity applications, the businesses most likely to survive to market will be from the more well-resourced applicants, including businesses that sold partial ownership to investors,” the review concluded. “Applications from individuals such as sole proprietors with little outside investment will be less likely to survive [to get their product] to market due to the capital needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply for a permit, applicants must have an existing lease on the space where they will operate. According to Castro, rent is about $40,000 a month, and he hopes to open a dispensary in the South of Market neighborhood. As the City Services Auditor review noted, San Francisco does not provide direct capital assistance to equity applicants other than waiving application and permit fees. Castro couldn’t afford the rent, so he used one of the equity program’s pillars, incubation, to secure a lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incubator initiative pairs equity and non-equity cannabis operators. The non-equity partner pays for the equity partner’s working space for at least three years. In exchange, both get priority permitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro’s lease with his incubator was supposed to continue until 2027, according to a lease document reviewed by KQED. But in May 2023, the company determined that the rent on the building was too high to keep paying without a permit, so it stopped, according to Castro. When his permit is finally reviewed, an active lease won’t be attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976907\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976907\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt='A man wearing a green bomber jacket holds a packet that says \"SyncSF.\"' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivan Castro holds SyncSF cannabis flower at Mission Cannabis Club in San Francisco on Feb. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without the dispensary permit, Castro pivoted and started \u003ca href=\"https://www.getinsyncsf.com/\">SyncSF\u003c/a>, a manufacturing business. Getting SyncSF products to consumers is difficult. His brand is only on shelves at six of the roughly 80 dispensaries in San Francisco and isn’t available for delivery in the city on Eaze or Weedmaps, two of the major online cannabis delivery platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Proposition 215, Castro would grow, package and deliver his weed to dispensaries, which paid him directly. As a manufacturer under Proposition 64, he can only manufacture cannabis products. Cultivating, transporting and selling weed requires different permits, so Castro has to contract with other operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transactions between cultivators, manufacturers and retailers cut into profits. For this reason, some large operators have several permits, but most small equity operators don’t have the financial backing to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most successful cannabis businesses are more vertically integrated — those are the only ones that are going to survive,” Cavalheiro said. “But you have to have a lot of capital and a lot of people to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cavalheiro worked in business relations after legalization, helping cannabis producers from Humboldt connect to the Bay Area market. She’s also worked for companies trying to bridge the gap between cultivators, manufacturers and retailers within the disjointed legal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was a retail relations manager for Buyers Club SF, a now-defunct cannabis showroom and event space. She lost her job at Buyers Club when the company went bankrupt last year. Cavalheiro hasn’t been able to find a similar position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Proposition 64 passed in 2016, she had a newborn and didn’t have time — or money — to get a new business off the ground. Looking at the current market, she said there’s no way she’d pursue a cannabis license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have friends who have done it, and five years later, they’re just empty-handed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she’s looking for steady work outside the cannabis world, taking temporary jobs wherever she can while studying for the insurance license exam. She enrolled in food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a daughter I need to feed and bills I need to pay,” she said. “If I can’t even do that, it might just be time to switch gears completely.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco’s 2018 equity program aimed to help Black and brown people impacted by the so-called War on Drugs enter the industry. But in six years, only a few dozen equity operators have active businesses in the city.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713397033,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1828},"headData":{"title":"SF’s Equity Program Fails to Address Racial Disparities in Cannabis Industry | KQED","description":"San Francisco’s 2018 equity program aimed to help Black and brown people impacted by the so-called War on Drugs enter the industry. But in six years, only a few dozen equity operators have active businesses in the city.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"SF’s Equity Program Fails to Address Racial Disparities in Cannabis Industry","datePublished":"2024-04-18T11:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-17T23:37:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Katie DeBenedetti","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983231/how-the-cannabis-industry-has-changed","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mimi Cavalheiro was in the cannabis industry for over 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started working on cannabis farms in Humboldt County in the late 1990s. The county is part of the coastal region in Northern California known as The Emerald Triangle and includes Trinity and Mendocino counties. It was the center of cannabis production in the United States before recreational marijuana was legalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who planted marijuana alongside other crops on their land for decades taught Cavalheiro their tricks for growing high-quality cannabis. In 2004, she moved to San Francisco and started her own business, selling products to medical dispensaries under Proposition 215.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘You’re taking impacted people that may not have gotten through high school or even college or been arrested, and you’re expecting them to run a highly restrictive, highly regulated business.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Ramon Garcia, cannabis entrepreneur","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Man, I miss 215,” she said, laughing as we walked through the historic home of Dennis Peron, widely considered the father of medical marijuana in California. The house, known as the Castro Castle, is an archive of cannabis and AIDS activism in San Francisco in the 1980s and 90s. The walls are plastered with newspaper cut-outs, framed protest photos, and Proposition 215 posters, pins and T-shirts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peron co-authored the proposition, a state law that allowed people to possess and cultivate marijuana for personal medical use with a doctor’s recommendation. Peron was a staunch advocate for medicinal marijuana because he saw how it eased the pain of AIDS patients as the epidemic swept through San Francisco in the 1980s. His partner, Jonathan West, died from complications of the disease in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, which passed in 1996, was expanded to protect growers like Cavalheiro, who were producing and selling modest amounts of marijuana. Two decades later, Proposition 64 legalized adult recreational use of cannabis in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco created an equity program in 2018 that aimed to help Black and brown people, who were disproportionately arrested and imprisoned during the so-called War on Drugs, enter the industry. In six years, hundreds have been verified as candidates for the program, but only a few dozen equity operators have active businesses in the city. Cavalheiro, a Mexican and Brazilian woman in her late 40s, isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976904\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976904\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A hand holds papers and a green folder with writing on the front.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-05-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivan Castro looks through paperwork related to the cannabis equity program at Mission Cannabis Club in San Francisco on Feb. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cavalheiro and other Black and brown cannabis business owners interviewed by KQED said they feel that the equity program has failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never had this huge operation, and I wasn’t making millions of dollars, but I could support myself, and I lived a nice life,” said Cavalheiro, a single mother. “I don’t have a college degree. I could have easily been on food stamps. I was able to support myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization shuttered Cavalheiro’s business because she needed a permit to grow cannabis. And new regulations meant she couldn’t sell directly to the dispensary owners she had decadeslong relationships with. The legal market was quickly saturated by operators from outside California and speculative venture capitalists.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11820721,news_11719852,news_11981277","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization was met with a rush of excitement, but seven years later, California’s cannabis industry is struggling economically. According to data released in February by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, \u003ca href=\"https://cdtfa.ca.gov/dataportal/dataset.htm?url=CannabisTaxRevenues\">sales at dispensaries in the state were down for the second consecutive year\u003c/a> as consumers, who buy tax-free weed products from illicit dealers and stores, continue to undermine the legal market. The price of cannabis has plummeted, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2023/02/emerald-triangle-cannabis-communities/\">some cannabis cultivators in the Emerald Triangle are broke and starving\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, San Francisco canceled its annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980820/san-franciscos-annual-420-celebration-on-hippie-hill-canceled-for-2024\">420 celebration at Hippie Hill\u003c/a>, a city-supported event since legalization, in part because of the industry’s financial problems. David Downs, a cannabis journalist and creator of \u003ca href=\"https://sfweedweek.com/\">SF Weed Week\u003c/a>, which runs through Friday, told KQED that industry revenues have plateaued at around $5 billion and profit margins remain thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The festival has historically brought hazy skies and crowds of up to 20,000 to share joints and dance to DJ sets in Golden Gate Park. This year will be the first time in decades that San Francisco has no formal event. Local equity cannabis entrepreneurs don’t feel like there’s much to celebrate anyway because they bear the brunt of the industry’s downturn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramon Garcia, a cannabis entrepreneur, advocated for Oakland’s first-in-the-nation cannabis equity program in 2017 and the similar one developed in San Francisco the following year. San Francisco’s program provides priority permitting, application fee waivers, industry partnerships and technical support to people who qualify. Garcia said the city hasn’t provided enough resources, such as business education and money for startup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re taking impacted people that may not have gotten through high school or even college or been arrested, and you’re expecting them to run a highly restrictive, highly regulated business,” said Garcia, the former equity chair of the California Grower’s Association. “You’re admitting to the fact that you did this damage and giving them the licenses, but you’re not giving them any resources to actually be able to service it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Lily Moser, a communications and legislative analyst for the city administrator’s office, more than 450 people have been verified as equity applicants, and 150 have submitted at least one business permit application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March, just 45 equity-owned cannabis businesses were operating in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976905\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976905\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a green bomber jacket sits down in a booth.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-17-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivan Castro (left) speaks with Peter Maggs, general manager at Mission Cannabis Club, at the dispensary in San Francisco on Feb. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ivan Castro, who started selling weed to classmates and neighbors in the Mission as a teenager, owns one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro, 47, was working in internet sales when he learned he could qualify for the San Francisco equity program. He was still selling weed as a side hustle, and Castro saw it as an opportunity to pair his marketing skills with his cannabis knowledge. He went through the verification process, digging up a lease for his childhood home, foreclosure documents and an old arrest record for marijuana possession to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He applied for a retail permit to open a dispensary. It is stalled in the permitting queue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of cannabis in San Francisco since legalization by the City Services Auditor found that the average waiting time for approval of an equity cannabis business permit was between \u003ca href=\"https://sfcontroller.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Auditing/Cannabis%20in%20San%20Francisco_A%20Review%20Following%20Adult-Use%20Legalization_FINAL%20REPORT.pdf\">18 and 24 months\u003c/a>. Castro, who submitted his dispensary permit in 2019, said it still hasn’t been reviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the current wait time for equity applications, the businesses most likely to survive to market will be from the more well-resourced applicants, including businesses that sold partial ownership to investors,” the review concluded. “Applications from individuals such as sole proprietors with little outside investment will be less likely to survive [to get their product] to market due to the capital needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply for a permit, applicants must have an existing lease on the space where they will operate. According to Castro, rent is about $40,000 a month, and he hopes to open a dispensary in the South of Market neighborhood. As the City Services Auditor review noted, San Francisco does not provide direct capital assistance to equity applicants other than waiving application and permit fees. Castro couldn’t afford the rent, so he used one of the equity program’s pillars, incubation, to secure a lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incubator initiative pairs equity and non-equity cannabis operators. The non-equity partner pays for the equity partner’s working space for at least three years. In exchange, both get priority permitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro’s lease with his incubator was supposed to continue until 2027, according to a lease document reviewed by KQED. But in May 2023, the company determined that the rent on the building was too high to keep paying without a permit, so it stopped, according to Castro. When his permit is finally reviewed, an active lease won’t be attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976907\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976907\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt='A man wearing a green bomber jacket holds a packet that says \"SyncSF.\"' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240222-CANNABISEQUITY-22-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ivan Castro holds SyncSF cannabis flower at Mission Cannabis Club in San Francisco on Feb. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without the dispensary permit, Castro pivoted and started \u003ca href=\"https://www.getinsyncsf.com/\">SyncSF\u003c/a>, a manufacturing business. Getting SyncSF products to consumers is difficult. His brand is only on shelves at six of the roughly 80 dispensaries in San Francisco and isn’t available for delivery in the city on Eaze or Weedmaps, two of the major online cannabis delivery platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Proposition 215, Castro would grow, package and deliver his weed to dispensaries, which paid him directly. As a manufacturer under Proposition 64, he can only manufacture cannabis products. Cultivating, transporting and selling weed requires different permits, so Castro has to contract with other operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transactions between cultivators, manufacturers and retailers cut into profits. For this reason, some large operators have several permits, but most small equity operators don’t have the financial backing to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most successful cannabis businesses are more vertically integrated — those are the only ones that are going to survive,” Cavalheiro said. “But you have to have a lot of capital and a lot of people to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cavalheiro worked in business relations after legalization, helping cannabis producers from Humboldt connect to the Bay Area market. She’s also worked for companies trying to bridge the gap between cultivators, manufacturers and retailers within the disjointed legal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was a retail relations manager for Buyers Club SF, a now-defunct cannabis showroom and event space. She lost her job at Buyers Club when the company went bankrupt last year. Cavalheiro hasn’t been able to find a similar position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Proposition 64 passed in 2016, she had a newborn and didn’t have time — or money — to get a new business off the ground. Looking at the current market, she said there’s no way she’d pursue a cannabis license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have friends who have done it, and five years later, they’re just empty-handed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she’s looking for steady work outside the cannabis world, taking temporary jobs wherever she can while studying for the insurance license exam. She enrolled in food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a daughter I need to feed and bills I need to pay,” she said. “If I can’t even do that, it might just be time to switch gears completely.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983231/how-the-cannabis-industry-has-changed","authors":["byline_news_11983231"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32364","news_21405","news_27626","news_18584"],"featImg":"news_11976906","label":"news"},"news_11982170":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11982170","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11982170","score":null,"sort":[1712523622000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"despite-legalization-black-market-cannabis-flourishes-in-california","title":"Despite Legalization, Black Market Cannabis Flourishes in California","publishDate":1712523622,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Despite Legalization, Black Market Cannabis Flourishes in California | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A funny thing happened on the way to cannabis legalization: Illegal pot is still big business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decade since the first states \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/01/1222405951/colorado-legalized-recreational-pot-10-years-ago-heres-how-the-industry-has-grow?ft=nprml&f=1222405951\">legalized recreational marijuana\u003c/a>, about \u003ca href=\"https://norml.org/laws/legalization/\">half the country\u003c/a> has moved to allow adults to buy regulated pot from authorized sources. But in some states, that’s been more theory than practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In New York, which legalized marijuana in 2021, retail sales are dominated by ubiquitous illegal “smoke shops,” while the state struggles to license legitimate ones. Governor Kathy Hochul has called the transition “a disaster,” and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-stands-legal-cannabis-retailers-announce-steps-forward-shutting-down-illicit\">pledged to crack down\u003c/a> on the illegal sellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tiffanie Perrault, postdoctoral researcher, McGill University\"]‘You remove risk — because you know, it’s legal — so you have more consumers. And at the same time, your black market is going to react strategically by adjusting prices and levels of quality.’[/pullquote]In Maine, the congressional delegation last summer \u003ca href=\"https://www.king.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/maine-delegation-urges-doj-to-shut-down-foreign-owned-illegally-operated-marijuana-businesses\">asked the Justice Department for help\u003c/a> in combatting illegal cannabis producers, who outnumber the state’s licensed operations and are believed to be funded in part by Chinese investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in California, where voters approved recreational pot in 2016, state officials readily acknowledge the industry still operates mostly in the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The black market is very pervasive and it’s definitely larger than the legal market,” says Bill Jones, the head of enforcement for the state’s Department of Cannabis Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the biggest example of the unfulfilled promise of a legitimate cannabis market. Some entrepreneurs blame high taxes and start-up costs for licensed producers and retailers. Smaller operators often have trouble getting access to capital, as the continued federal prohibition on the marijuana business makes it virtually impossible for them to tap into traditional financial services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, however, focuses on what law enforcement did — or rather, what it didn’t do — in the first few years after the vote to allow a licensed weed industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most jurisdictions — local jurisdictions — police or sheriff’s departments and district attorney’s offices, were very reluctant to do any kind of enforcement on cannabis,” he says. “It really created an air of impunity, and the unlicensed activity really skyrocketed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington state, by contrast, maintained law enforcement pressure on illegal marijuana after voters legalized pot in 2012, which gave the new licensed industry time to establish itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982175\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two people stand on the street across from multiple vehicles, palm trees and people.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1701\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-1920x1276.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Passersby watch as California Department of Cannabis Control detectives, with support of Long Beach law enforcement, serve a search warrant on an unlicensed dispensary in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, on March 5, 2024. Like many unlicensed cannabis stores, this one is unmarked and still has signage from a previous business. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, the DCC is now trying to close the gap. It gathers anonymous tips about unlicensed cannabis stores, which operate semi-openly out of storefronts that aren’t hard to identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll occupy buildings [where] the business itself has moved or is out of business,” says Wilson Linares, the DCC’s head of enforcement for the Los Angeles area. His officers and local police recently raided a shabby storefront in Long Beach. The sign reads “Flores Cabinets,” but inside they find cannabis edibles for sale, as well as loose marijuana flowers, sold in jars — a practice called “deli style,” prohibited under California’s cannabis regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11974578,news_11971594,news_11981277\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Linares says some of the unlicensed stores are identified with the green cross emblem, borrowed from the medical marijuana movement that predated recreational stores. Another clue, though, is the level of security. The ostensible cabinet store in Long Beach has a heavy metal door and security grates over mirrored windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the biggest things that you can see is the cameras. The building itself is old but the cameras are new. That’s a pretty good indicator for us,” Linares says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These raids have ramped up in the last couple of years, especially in Los Angeles. Some of the unlicensed retailers have shifted toward delivery services. But the penalty for getting caught selling unlicensed marijuana is relatively light — usually a $500 fine, unless the person has broken other laws — and Linares says his officers find themselves raiding the same storefronts over and over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These places don’t pay taxes, it doesn’t help provide services for the people who live around here,” Linares says. “And the individuals who run these places, they’re often not the best,” he says. “Gangs and organized crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t come as much of a surprise to an economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The black market becomes more competitive,” says Tiffanie Perrault, a postdoctoral researcher at McGill University in Montreal who studies cannabis markets. She says it’s understandable why illegal marijuana expanded in California after legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You remove risk — because you know, it’s legal — so you have more consumers,” she says. “And at the same time, your black market is going to react strategically by adjusting prices and levels of quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The black market in California also benefits from the restrictions on the licensed competitors, such as the fact that only about \u003ca href=\"https://cannabis.ca.gov/cannabis-laws/where-cannabis-businesses-are-allowed/\">40% of local jurisdictions in California permit cannabis stores\u003c/a>. That leaves the other 60% to the retailers who don’t wait for official approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California cannabis buyers are often unaware of — or indifferent to — the legality of the product they buy, but they do notice prices. Depending on the jurisdiction,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/this-week-in-weed-cannabis-taxes-la\"> taxes on licensed pot can reach 38%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a disposable and some edibles,” says Camerin Remmington as he exits an authorized store on the edge of town in Riverside. “It’s almost 60 bucks for two items. It’s a little more expensive here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he appreciates the fact that the licensed products are tested for quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know it is what it is,” he says. “You can’t go wrong with it!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with cannabis, legality for its own sake is not a concern for Remmington. He volunteers that he grew it illegally on his land in the high desert during the post-legalization boom a couple of years ago. He says it made money, until police showed up a year and a half ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got ticketed for it, for having a couple of processed plants, but they didn’t catch the bulk of anything,” he says. When he showed up for his court date, the case appeared to be a low priority. “They didn’t even know who we were!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982179\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A man dressed in tactical police combat gear looks at bags of cannabis in the trunk of a vehicle.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1926\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-1536x1156.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-2048x1541.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-1920x1444.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riverside County Sheriff Department Sgt. Jeremy Parsons collects cannabis clippings and firearms from an unlicensed greenhouse in Perris. \u003ccite>(Martin Kaste/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those raids are still happening in rural Riverside County. On a Tuesday morning, the sheriff’s department’s Marijuana Enforcement Team leads a ten-vehicle convoy through the outskirts of the town of Perris. They’re following up on a tip about a house hidden at the end of a private drive. The operation commander, Sgt. Jeremy Parsons, comes out to the main road to report that it is, indeed, an illegal grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we went up to the house we could smell marijuana. We found a greenhouse in the backyard which contained a few hundred small marijuana plants,” he says. They also found guns, and they run the names of two people on the site to see if either one is a felon, and not allowed to have a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a lot of criminal consequences [for illegally growing marijuana],” Parsons says. But the strategy here is to try to charge growers with other crimes — that’s why the convoy of vehicles was so long, as it included people from California Fish and Wildlife, the local water board and even code inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what we’re charging these people with: water contamination, pesticides that are illegal, the fertilizers that are illegal. That’s where we’re getting people,” says Riverside Sheriff Chad Bianco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Bianco, the bigger issue is legalization itself. He’s against it, because he believes it encourages the illegal pot farms in the hills of Riverside County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made it worse. One hundred percent, it made it worse,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big problem, as he sees it, is exports. California has become a major exporter to states where marijuana is still illegal — and fetches a higher price — \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf\">despite the warning from the Justice Department (PDF)\u003c/a> back when legalization got started that the states that legalize pot should make sure to keep it inside their borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bianco says the marijuana gold rush has attracted Mexican drug cartels and Asian human smuggling rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, we’ve had multiple, multiple homicides, we’ve had multiple kidnappings, we’ve had multiple reports of human trafficking and rapes and the punishments that go with not doing your job — and it’s all related to this,” Bianco says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the DCC, Bill Jones says he thinks legalization was, as he puts it, “imperative,” but he also believes it should be possible eventually to curb the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s doable. But it’s going to take a lot of resources and consistent enforcement over years to get our arms around this,” Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Black+market+cannabis+thrives+in+California+despite+legalization&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Marijuana legalization was expected to bring the industry out of the shadows. But in some states, the black market is alive and well.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712598110,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1649},"headData":{"title":"Despite Legalization, Black Market Cannabis Flourishes in California | KQED","description":"Marijuana legalization was expected to bring the industry out of the shadows. But in some states, the black market is alive and well.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Despite Legalization, Black Market Cannabis Flourishes in California","datePublished":"2024-04-07T21:00:22.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-08T17:41:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Martin Kaste","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2100722/martin-kaste\">Martin Kaste\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"1242165136","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1242165136&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/05/1242165136/black-market-cannabis-california-legalization-marijuana-recreational-illegal?ft=nprml&f=1242165136","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 05 Apr 2024 12:22:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 05 Apr 2024 05:12:23 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 05 Apr 2024 12:22:29 -0400","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2024/04/20240405_me_black_market_cannabis_thrives_in_california_despite_legalization.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=411&p=3&story=1242165136&ft=nprml&f=1242165136","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11242977840-506de5.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=411&p=3&story=1242165136&ft=nprml&f=1242165136","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11982170/despite-legalization-black-market-cannabis-flourishes-in-california","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2024/04/20240405_me_black_market_cannabis_thrives_in_california_despite_legalization.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=411&p=3&story=1242165136&ft=nprml&f=1242165136","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A funny thing happened on the way to cannabis legalization: Illegal pot is still big business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decade since the first states \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/01/1222405951/colorado-legalized-recreational-pot-10-years-ago-heres-how-the-industry-has-grow?ft=nprml&f=1222405951\">legalized recreational marijuana\u003c/a>, about \u003ca href=\"https://norml.org/laws/legalization/\">half the country\u003c/a> has moved to allow adults to buy regulated pot from authorized sources. But in some states, that’s been more theory than practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In New York, which legalized marijuana in 2021, retail sales are dominated by ubiquitous illegal “smoke shops,” while the state struggles to license legitimate ones. Governor Kathy Hochul has called the transition “a disaster,” and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-stands-legal-cannabis-retailers-announce-steps-forward-shutting-down-illicit\">pledged to crack down\u003c/a> on the illegal sellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘You remove risk — because you know, it’s legal — so you have more consumers. And at the same time, your black market is going to react strategically by adjusting prices and levels of quality.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Tiffanie Perrault, postdoctoral researcher, McGill University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Maine, the congressional delegation last summer \u003ca href=\"https://www.king.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/maine-delegation-urges-doj-to-shut-down-foreign-owned-illegally-operated-marijuana-businesses\">asked the Justice Department for help\u003c/a> in combatting illegal cannabis producers, who outnumber the state’s licensed operations and are believed to be funded in part by Chinese investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in California, where voters approved recreational pot in 2016, state officials readily acknowledge the industry still operates mostly in the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The black market is very pervasive and it’s definitely larger than the legal market,” says Bill Jones, the head of enforcement for the state’s Department of Cannabis Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the biggest example of the unfulfilled promise of a legitimate cannabis market. Some entrepreneurs blame high taxes and start-up costs for licensed producers and retailers. Smaller operators often have trouble getting access to capital, as the continued federal prohibition on the marijuana business makes it virtually impossible for them to tap into traditional financial services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, however, focuses on what law enforcement did — or rather, what it didn’t do — in the first few years after the vote to allow a licensed weed industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most jurisdictions — local jurisdictions — police or sheriff’s departments and district attorney’s offices, were very reluctant to do any kind of enforcement on cannabis,” he says. “It really created an air of impunity, and the unlicensed activity really skyrocketed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington state, by contrast, maintained law enforcement pressure on illegal marijuana after voters legalized pot in 2012, which gave the new licensed industry time to establish itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982175\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two people stand on the street across from multiple vehicles, palm trees and people.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1701\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-2048x1361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240305_npr_cannabis_12_custom-c3f90ddbc39855881a3715371424575854cdf3ee-1920x1276.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Passersby watch as California Department of Cannabis Control detectives, with support of Long Beach law enforcement, serve a search warrant on an unlicensed dispensary in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, on March 5, 2024. Like many unlicensed cannabis stores, this one is unmarked and still has signage from a previous business. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, the DCC is now trying to close the gap. It gathers anonymous tips about unlicensed cannabis stores, which operate semi-openly out of storefronts that aren’t hard to identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll occupy buildings [where] the business itself has moved or is out of business,” says Wilson Linares, the DCC’s head of enforcement for the Los Angeles area. His officers and local police recently raided a shabby storefront in Long Beach. The sign reads “Flores Cabinets,” but inside they find cannabis edibles for sale, as well as loose marijuana flowers, sold in jars — a practice called “deli style,” prohibited under California’s cannabis regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11974578,news_11971594,news_11981277","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Linares says some of the unlicensed stores are identified with the green cross emblem, borrowed from the medical marijuana movement that predated recreational stores. Another clue, though, is the level of security. The ostensible cabinet store in Long Beach has a heavy metal door and security grates over mirrored windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the biggest things that you can see is the cameras. The building itself is old but the cameras are new. That’s a pretty good indicator for us,” Linares says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These raids have ramped up in the last couple of years, especially in Los Angeles. Some of the unlicensed retailers have shifted toward delivery services. But the penalty for getting caught selling unlicensed marijuana is relatively light — usually a $500 fine, unless the person has broken other laws — and Linares says his officers find themselves raiding the same storefronts over and over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These places don’t pay taxes, it doesn’t help provide services for the people who live around here,” Linares says. “And the individuals who run these places, they’re often not the best,” he says. “Gangs and organized crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t come as much of a surprise to an economist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The black market becomes more competitive,” says Tiffanie Perrault, a postdoctoral researcher at McGill University in Montreal who studies cannabis markets. She says it’s understandable why illegal marijuana expanded in California after legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You remove risk — because you know, it’s legal — so you have more consumers,” she says. “And at the same time, your black market is going to react strategically by adjusting prices and levels of quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The black market in California also benefits from the restrictions on the licensed competitors, such as the fact that only about \u003ca href=\"https://cannabis.ca.gov/cannabis-laws/where-cannabis-businesses-are-allowed/\">40% of local jurisdictions in California permit cannabis stores\u003c/a>. That leaves the other 60% to the retailers who don’t wait for official approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California cannabis buyers are often unaware of — or indifferent to — the legality of the product they buy, but they do notice prices. Depending on the jurisdiction,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/this-week-in-weed-cannabis-taxes-la\"> taxes on licensed pot can reach 38%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a disposable and some edibles,” says Camerin Remmington as he exits an authorized store on the edge of town in Riverside. “It’s almost 60 bucks for two items. It’s a little more expensive here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he appreciates the fact that the licensed products are tested for quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know it is what it is,” he says. “You can’t go wrong with it!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with cannabis, legality for its own sake is not a concern for Remmington. He volunteers that he grew it illegally on his land in the high desert during the post-legalization boom a couple of years ago. He says it made money, until police showed up a year and a half ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got ticketed for it, for having a couple of processed plants, but they didn’t catch the bulk of anything,” he says. When he showed up for his court date, the case appeared to be a low priority. “They didn’t even know who we were!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11982179\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A man dressed in tactical police combat gear looks at bags of cannabis in the trunk of a vehicle.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1926\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-1536x1156.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-2048x1541.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/img_0024_custom-606ba73284b3b8a55f10dd72004217821ab8da69-1920x1444.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riverside County Sheriff Department Sgt. Jeremy Parsons collects cannabis clippings and firearms from an unlicensed greenhouse in Perris. \u003ccite>(Martin Kaste/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those raids are still happening in rural Riverside County. On a Tuesday morning, the sheriff’s department’s Marijuana Enforcement Team leads a ten-vehicle convoy through the outskirts of the town of Perris. They’re following up on a tip about a house hidden at the end of a private drive. The operation commander, Sgt. Jeremy Parsons, comes out to the main road to report that it is, indeed, an illegal grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we went up to the house we could smell marijuana. We found a greenhouse in the backyard which contained a few hundred small marijuana plants,” he says. They also found guns, and they run the names of two people on the site to see if either one is a felon, and not allowed to have a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a lot of criminal consequences [for illegally growing marijuana],” Parsons says. But the strategy here is to try to charge growers with other crimes — that’s why the convoy of vehicles was so long, as it included people from California Fish and Wildlife, the local water board and even code inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what we’re charging these people with: water contamination, pesticides that are illegal, the fertilizers that are illegal. That’s where we’re getting people,” says Riverside Sheriff Chad Bianco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Bianco, the bigger issue is legalization itself. He’s against it, because he believes it encourages the illegal pot farms in the hills of Riverside County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made it worse. One hundred percent, it made it worse,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big problem, as he sees it, is exports. California has become a major exporter to states where marijuana is still illegal — and fetches a higher price — \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf\">despite the warning from the Justice Department (PDF)\u003c/a> back when legalization got started that the states that legalize pot should make sure to keep it inside their borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bianco says the marijuana gold rush has attracted Mexican drug cartels and Asian human smuggling rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, we’ve had multiple, multiple homicides, we’ve had multiple kidnappings, we’ve had multiple reports of human trafficking and rapes and the punishments that go with not doing your job — and it’s all related to this,” Bianco says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the DCC, Bill Jones says he thinks legalization was, as he puts it, “imperative,” but he also believes it should be possible eventually to curb the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s doable. But it’s going to take a lot of resources and consistent enforcement over years to get our arms around this,” Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Black+market+cannabis+thrives+in+California+despite+legalization&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11982170/despite-legalization-black-market-cannabis-flourishes-in-california","authors":["byline_news_11982170"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_33962","news_19963","news_18584"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11982172","label":"news_253"},"news_11927938":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11927938","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11927938","score":null,"sort":[1665089914000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biden-to-pardon-simple-federal-marijuana-possession-convictions","title":"Biden to Pardon Simple Federal Marijuana Possession Convictions","publishDate":1665089914,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NPR | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday announced that he is taking executive action to pardon people convicted of simple marijuana possession under federal law and Washington, D.C. statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pardons will be done through an administration process to be developed by the Justice Department, senior administration officials told reporters on a briefing call, and will cover citizens and lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sending people to prison for possessing marijuana has upended too many lives and incarcerated people for conduct that many states no longer prohibit,\" Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 6,500 people were convicted of simple possession between 1992 and 2021 under federal law, and thousands more under D.C. code, the officials said. Biden had promised the action during his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/1578108939174281218\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, most convictions happen at the state level, leaving those pardons up to each governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order comes as five states, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Marijuana_laws_and_ballot_measures_in_the_United_States\">Arkansas, Maryland, Missouri, North Dakota and South Dakota\u003c/a>, have legalization measures on their ballots for November. Nineteen states have legalized marijuana for recreational use and 38 states have legalized marijuana for medical use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the executive order, Biden is also urging all governors to take similar action in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is also asking his Health and Human Services and Justice departments to review whether marijuana should still be classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act. The classification is meant for the most dangerous substances, according to Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOJ will in the coming days begin creating the process for issuing the pardons, according to a statement from Justice Department spokesperson Anthony Coley, and will work with HHS on the review of drug scheduling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"marijuana\"]\"This is the same schedule as for heroin and LSD, and even higher than the classification of fentanyl and methamphetamine – the drugs that are driving our overdose epidemic,\" Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, however, noted that \"even as federal and state regulation of marijuana changes, important limitations on trafficking, marketing, and under-age sales should stay in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves do not legalize the use of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marijuana advocacy groups have applauded the move. But they want the president to go further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We, however, hope that the Biden Administration will go further and fully deschedule marijuana from the Controlled Substances Act, rather than initiate a process that could lead to rescheduling,\" said Kassandra Frederique, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, in a statement. \"Keeping marijuana on the federal drug schedule will mean people will continue to face criminal charges for marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>GOP members, like Sen. Tom Cotton, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1578116642969714688?s=20&t=lWi9Nlq78SOgnag6ApXQsg\">opposed the move\u003c/a>, calling it a blanket pardon and a \"desperate attempt\" at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Democrats have long pushed Biden to fulfill his campaign promise. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2021.11.9%20Letter%20to%20POTUS%20on%20Cannabis%20Pardons.pdf\">a letter sent nearly a year ago\u003c/a>, Sens. Elizabeth Warren, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/senmarkey/status/1578102493166587904?s=46&t=cels3SB7hdJm576H_hh-ig\">Ed Markey\u003c/a>, and Jeff Merkley wrote to Biden urging him to issue a blanket pardon for all non-violent federal cannabis offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+to+pardon+simple+federal+marijuana+possession+convictions+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The pardons will be done through an administration process to be developed by the Justice Department, administration officials told reporters; it will cover citizens and lawful permanent residents. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1665089914,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":511},"headData":{"title":"Biden to Pardon Simple Federal Marijuana Possession Convictions | KQED","description":"The pardons will be done through an administration process to be developed by the Justice Department, administration officials told reporters; it will cover citizens and lawful permanent residents. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Biden to Pardon Simple Federal Marijuana Possession Convictions","datePublished":"2022-10-06T20:58:34.000Z","dateModified":"2022-10-06T20:58:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11927938 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11927938","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/06/biden-to-pardon-simple-federal-marijuana-possession-convictions/","disqusTitle":"Biden to Pardon Simple Federal Marijuana Possession Convictions","nprImageCredit":"Chip Somodevilla","nprByline":"Ximena Bustillo","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1127302410","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1127302410&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/06/1127302410/biden-pardon-marijuana-possession-convictions?ft=nprml&f=1127302410","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 06 Oct 2022 16:04:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 06 Oct 2022 16:04:29 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 06 Oct 2022 16:04:29 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11927938/biden-to-pardon-simple-federal-marijuana-possession-convictions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday announced that he is taking executive action to pardon people convicted of simple marijuana possession under federal law and Washington, D.C. statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pardons will be done through an administration process to be developed by the Justice Department, senior administration officials told reporters on a briefing call, and will cover citizens and lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sending people to prison for possessing marijuana has upended too many lives and incarcerated people for conduct that many states no longer prohibit,\" Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 6,500 people were convicted of simple possession between 1992 and 2021 under federal law, and thousands more under D.C. code, the officials said. Biden had promised the action during his campaign.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1578108939174281218"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>However, most convictions happen at the state level, leaving those pardons up to each governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order comes as five states, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Marijuana_laws_and_ballot_measures_in_the_United_States\">Arkansas, Maryland, Missouri, North Dakota and South Dakota\u003c/a>, have legalization measures on their ballots for November. Nineteen states have legalized marijuana for recreational use and 38 states have legalized marijuana for medical use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the executive order, Biden is also urging all governors to take similar action in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is also asking his Health and Human Services and Justice departments to review whether marijuana should still be classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act. The classification is meant for the most dangerous substances, according to Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOJ will in the coming days begin creating the process for issuing the pardons, according to a statement from Justice Department spokesperson Anthony Coley, and will work with HHS on the review of drug scheduling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"marijuana"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"This is the same schedule as for heroin and LSD, and even higher than the classification of fentanyl and methamphetamine – the drugs that are driving our overdose epidemic,\" Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, however, noted that \"even as federal and state regulation of marijuana changes, important limitations on trafficking, marketing, and under-age sales should stay in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves do not legalize the use of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marijuana advocacy groups have applauded the move. But they want the president to go further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We, however, hope that the Biden Administration will go further and fully deschedule marijuana from the Controlled Substances Act, rather than initiate a process that could lead to rescheduling,\" said Kassandra Frederique, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, in a statement. \"Keeping marijuana on the federal drug schedule will mean people will continue to face criminal charges for marijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>GOP members, like Sen. Tom Cotton, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1578116642969714688?s=20&t=lWi9Nlq78SOgnag6ApXQsg\">opposed the move\u003c/a>, calling it a blanket pardon and a \"desperate attempt\" at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Democrats have long pushed Biden to fulfill his campaign promise. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2021.11.9%20Letter%20to%20POTUS%20on%20Cannabis%20Pardons.pdf\">a letter sent nearly a year ago\u003c/a>, Sens. Elizabeth Warren, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/senmarkey/status/1578102493166587904?s=46&t=cels3SB7hdJm576H_hh-ig\">Ed Markey\u003c/a>, and Jeff Merkley wrote to Biden urging him to issue a blanket pardon for all non-violent federal cannabis offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+to+pardon+simple+federal+marijuana+possession+convictions+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11927938/biden-to-pardon-simple-federal-marijuana-possession-convictions","authors":["byline_news_11927938"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_19963","news_17999","news_31771","news_717","news_102","news_18584","news_5386","news_29538"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11927939","label":"news_253"},"news_11901878":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11901878","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11901878","score":null,"sort":[1642378140000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-marijuana-economy-threatened-by-growing-illegal-market","title":"California's Marijuana Economy Threatened by Growing Illegal Market","publishDate":1642378140,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>On an isolated farm, greenhouses stand in regimental order, sheltered by a fringe of trees. Inside are hundreds of head-high cannabis plants in precise rows, each rising from a pot nourished by coils of irrigation tubing. Lights powerful enough to turn night into day blaze overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the five years since California voters approved a broad legal marketplace for marijuana, thousands of greenhouses have sprouted across the state. But these, under their plastic canopies, conceal a secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cultivator who operates the grow north of Sacramento holds a coveted state-issued license, permitting the business to produce and sell its plants. But it's been virtually impossible for the grower to turn a profit in a struggling legal industry where wholesale prices for cannabis buds have plunged as much as 70% from a year ago, taxes approach 50% in some areas and customers find far better deals in the thriving underground marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the company has two identities: one legal, the other illicit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We basically subsidize our white market with our black market,\" said the cultivator, who agreed to speak with The Associated Press only on condition of anonymity to avoid possible prosecution.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kristi Knoblich Palmer, co-founder of Kiva Confections\"]'To have this system that now appears to be failing, having people go back into the old-school way of doing things ... it does not help us get to our goal of professionalizing cannabis and normalizing cannabis.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry insiders say the practice of working simultaneously in the legal and illicit markets is all too commonplace, a financial reality brought on by the difficulties and costs of doing business with a product they call the most heavily regulated in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the California grower, the furtive illegal sales happen informally, often with a friend within the tight-knit cannabis community calling to make a buy. The state requires legal businesses to report what they grow and ship, and it's entered into a vast computerized tracking system — known as \"seed to sale\" monitoring — that's far from airtight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not too hard\" to operate outside the tracking system's guardrails, the grower said. Plants can vary widely in what each one produces, allowing for wiggle room in what gets reported, while there is little in the way of on-site inspections to verify record-keeping. The system is so loose, some legal farms move as much as 90% of their product into the illicit market, the grower added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of Proposition 64 in 2016 was seen as a watershed moment in the push to legitimize and tax California's multibillion-dollar marijuana industry. In 2018, when retail outlets could open, California became the world's largest legal marketplace and another stepping-stone in what advocates hoped would be a path to federal legalization, after groundbreaking laws in Colorado and Washington state were enacted in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, most Americans live in states with at least some access to legal marijuana: Eighteen states have broad legal sales for people 21 and older, similar to alcohol sales, while more than two-thirds of states provide access through medicinal programs.[aside postID=\"news_11727890,news_11719852,news_11781430\" label=\"Related Posts\"]Kristi Knoblich Palmer, co-founder of top edibles brand Kiva Confections, lamented that the migration of business into the illegal market was damaging the effort to establish a stable, consumer-friendly marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To have this system that now appears to be failing, having people go back into the old-school way of doing things ... it does not help us get to our goal of professionalizing cannabis and normalizing cannabis,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, no one disputes that the vast illegal marketplace continues to dwarf the legal one, even though the 2016 law stated boldly that it would \"incapacitate the black market.\" Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom, who was lieutenant governor at the time the law was approved, called it a \"game changer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California's legalization push faced challenges from the start. The state's illegal market had flourished for decades, anchored in the storied \"Emerald Triangle\" in the northern end of the state. Not since the end of Prohibition in 1933 had an attempt been made to reshape such a vast illegal economy into a legal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, California law enforcement officials announced the destruction of over 1 million illegal plants statewide but said they were finding larger illicit growing operations. In the cannabis heartland of Humboldt County, many illegal growers are moving indoors to avoid detection. Investigators are making arrests and serving search warrants every week, but with so many underground grows \"we may never eliminate the illegal cultivation,\" Sheriff William Honsal said in an email to the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's illegal market is estimated at $8 billion, said Tom Adams, chief executive officer of research firm Global Go Analytics. That's roughly double the amount of legal sales, though some estimates are even larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, a cannabis company sued government regulators in state court in Orange County, alleging that so-called burner distributors were using shadowy \"front men\" to get licenses to buy wholesale cannabis, then selling it in the illegal market to sidestep taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No state is claiming to have eliminated illegal operators. U.S. Rep. Earl Blumenauer, an Oregon Democrat who co-chairs the Congressional Cannabis Caucus, said he saw little prospect for undercutting illegal markets without federal legalization, which has been stalled in Congress despite having Democrats in control of Congress and the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thriving illegal markets in California, Oregon and elsewhere are a \"product of the dysfunction, the lack of resources and the fact that we don't have a national market that is regulated,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the California cultivator, many businesses do some transactions in the illicit market to help make ends meet, but others have given up on the legal economy or never bothered to enter it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California's legal market tightly controls how and where pot is sold, the illegal industry is easy to access and offers a doorway into a vast and profitable national market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Licensed players are the good guys. Yet it just never feels like we're being treated like we're on the right side of history,\" Knoblich Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's effort to establish itself as the preeminent player in the legal cannabis economy has never felt more imperiled, and talk is spreading of a Boston Tea Party-like rebellion against state policies. In a December letter to Newsom, about two dozen industry executives said the state was hurting the marijuana economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The California cannabis system is a nation-wide mockery, a public policy lesson in what not to do,\" the business leaders wrote. Newsom has signaled he's open to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anonymous grower said the burden of competing in the regulated economy simply doesn't make sense to many longtime operators who came up in the pre-Prop. 64 marketplace. There is a widespread mindset — \"Why bother?\" — when the illegal economy is booming and there is little law enforcement to fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, for example, opening a retail operation can cost $1 million or more with licensing fees, real estate costs, attorneys and inspections — if you can get a license at all. Promises of social equity programs that would assist businesses run by people of color who were targeted during the war on drugs have gotten off to an uneven start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the struggling legal market, \"when you have quality, price and convenience working against you, that's a challenge,\" said Adams, the cannabis analyst. \"The illicit market has all three of them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An irony in the legal market is that wholesale prices have plummeted, shaking the supply chain. A year ago, a cultivator could get about $1,000 a pound wholesale. Now that's dropped as low as $300, with the market saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slap $150 in cultivation taxes on a $300 pound, and that's a stunning 50% rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem for the industry is that about two-thirds of California cities do not allow legal sales or growing — local governments control when, or if, to create legal markets, and many have banned it or failed to set up rules. Even in places that do, cities have been slow to permit storefronts to sell legal products, with fewer than 1,000 brick-and-mortar shops in a state with nearly 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, wholesale prices for buds in the underground are significantly higher. The legal market, with limited outlets to sell it, is flooded with pot from corporate-scale growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few know the industry as well as dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who also heads the United Cannabis Business Association, a Los Angeles-based trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one is making money anywhere in the [legal] supply chain,\" he said, noting that his own sales have nosedived. Kiloh sees few bright spots in the law that established California's legal market, beyond a testing program that safeguards quality and programs to expunge old criminal records for marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Prop. 64, \"we did it all wrong,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Industry experts say a growing number of marijuana license holders are secretly operating in the illegal market, working both sides of the economy. Some estimates say $3 of every $4 in the pot economy are spent in the illegal marketplace.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1642541970,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1526},"headData":{"title":"California's Marijuana Economy Threatened by Growing Illegal Market | KQED","description":"Industry experts say a growing number of marijuana license holders are secretly operating in the illegal market, working both sides of the economy. Some estimates say $3 of every $4 in the pot economy are spent in the illegal marketplace.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California's Marijuana Economy Threatened by Growing Illegal Market","datePublished":"2022-01-17T00:09:00.000Z","dateModified":"2022-01-18T21:39:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11901878 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11901878","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/01/16/californias-marijuana-economy-threatened-by-growing-illegal-market/","disqusTitle":"California's Marijuana Economy Threatened by Growing Illegal Market","nprByline":"Michael R. Blood\u003cbr>The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11901878/californias-marijuana-economy-threatened-by-growing-illegal-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On an isolated farm, greenhouses stand in regimental order, sheltered by a fringe of trees. Inside are hundreds of head-high cannabis plants in precise rows, each rising from a pot nourished by coils of irrigation tubing. Lights powerful enough to turn night into day blaze overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the five years since California voters approved a broad legal marketplace for marijuana, thousands of greenhouses have sprouted across the state. But these, under their plastic canopies, conceal a secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cultivator who operates the grow north of Sacramento holds a coveted state-issued license, permitting the business to produce and sell its plants. But it's been virtually impossible for the grower to turn a profit in a struggling legal industry where wholesale prices for cannabis buds have plunged as much as 70% from a year ago, taxes approach 50% in some areas and customers find far better deals in the thriving underground marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the company has two identities: one legal, the other illicit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We basically subsidize our white market with our black market,\" said the cultivator, who agreed to speak with The Associated Press only on condition of anonymity to avoid possible prosecution.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'To have this system that now appears to be failing, having people go back into the old-school way of doing things ... it does not help us get to our goal of professionalizing cannabis and normalizing cannabis.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Kristi Knoblich Palmer, co-founder of Kiva Confections","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry insiders say the practice of working simultaneously in the legal and illicit markets is all too commonplace, a financial reality brought on by the difficulties and costs of doing business with a product they call the most heavily regulated in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the California grower, the furtive illegal sales happen informally, often with a friend within the tight-knit cannabis community calling to make a buy. The state requires legal businesses to report what they grow and ship, and it's entered into a vast computerized tracking system — known as \"seed to sale\" monitoring — that's far from airtight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not too hard\" to operate outside the tracking system's guardrails, the grower said. Plants can vary widely in what each one produces, allowing for wiggle room in what gets reported, while there is little in the way of on-site inspections to verify record-keeping. The system is so loose, some legal farms move as much as 90% of their product into the illicit market, the grower added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of Proposition 64 in 2016 was seen as a watershed moment in the push to legitimize and tax California's multibillion-dollar marijuana industry. In 2018, when retail outlets could open, California became the world's largest legal marketplace and another stepping-stone in what advocates hoped would be a path to federal legalization, after groundbreaking laws in Colorado and Washington state were enacted in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, most Americans live in states with at least some access to legal marijuana: Eighteen states have broad legal sales for people 21 and older, similar to alcohol sales, while more than two-thirds of states provide access through medicinal programs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11727890,news_11719852,news_11781430","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kristi Knoblich Palmer, co-founder of top edibles brand Kiva Confections, lamented that the migration of business into the illegal market was damaging the effort to establish a stable, consumer-friendly marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To have this system that now appears to be failing, having people go back into the old-school way of doing things ... it does not help us get to our goal of professionalizing cannabis and normalizing cannabis,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, no one disputes that the vast illegal marketplace continues to dwarf the legal one, even though the 2016 law stated boldly that it would \"incapacitate the black market.\" Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom, who was lieutenant governor at the time the law was approved, called it a \"game changer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California's legalization push faced challenges from the start. The state's illegal market had flourished for decades, anchored in the storied \"Emerald Triangle\" in the northern end of the state. Not since the end of Prohibition in 1933 had an attempt been made to reshape such a vast illegal economy into a legal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, California law enforcement officials announced the destruction of over 1 million illegal plants statewide but said they were finding larger illicit growing operations. In the cannabis heartland of Humboldt County, many illegal growers are moving indoors to avoid detection. Investigators are making arrests and serving search warrants every week, but with so many underground grows \"we may never eliminate the illegal cultivation,\" Sheriff William Honsal said in an email to the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's illegal market is estimated at $8 billion, said Tom Adams, chief executive officer of research firm Global Go Analytics. That's roughly double the amount of legal sales, though some estimates are even larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, a cannabis company sued government regulators in state court in Orange County, alleging that so-called burner distributors were using shadowy \"front men\" to get licenses to buy wholesale cannabis, then selling it in the illegal market to sidestep taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No state is claiming to have eliminated illegal operators. U.S. Rep. Earl Blumenauer, an Oregon Democrat who co-chairs the Congressional Cannabis Caucus, said he saw little prospect for undercutting illegal markets without federal legalization, which has been stalled in Congress despite having Democrats in control of Congress and the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thriving illegal markets in California, Oregon and elsewhere are a \"product of the dysfunction, the lack of resources and the fact that we don't have a national market that is regulated,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the California cultivator, many businesses do some transactions in the illicit market to help make ends meet, but others have given up on the legal economy or never bothered to enter it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California's legal market tightly controls how and where pot is sold, the illegal industry is easy to access and offers a doorway into a vast and profitable national market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Licensed players are the good guys. Yet it just never feels like we're being treated like we're on the right side of history,\" Knoblich Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's effort to establish itself as the preeminent player in the legal cannabis economy has never felt more imperiled, and talk is spreading of a Boston Tea Party-like rebellion against state policies. In a December letter to Newsom, about two dozen industry executives said the state was hurting the marijuana economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The California cannabis system is a nation-wide mockery, a public policy lesson in what not to do,\" the business leaders wrote. Newsom has signaled he's open to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anonymous grower said the burden of competing in the regulated economy simply doesn't make sense to many longtime operators who came up in the pre-Prop. 64 marketplace. There is a widespread mindset — \"Why bother?\" — when the illegal economy is booming and there is little law enforcement to fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, for example, opening a retail operation can cost $1 million or more with licensing fees, real estate costs, attorneys and inspections — if you can get a license at all. Promises of social equity programs that would assist businesses run by people of color who were targeted during the war on drugs have gotten off to an uneven start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the struggling legal market, \"when you have quality, price and convenience working against you, that's a challenge,\" said Adams, the cannabis analyst. \"The illicit market has all three of them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An irony in the legal market is that wholesale prices have plummeted, shaking the supply chain. A year ago, a cultivator could get about $1,000 a pound wholesale. Now that's dropped as low as $300, with the market saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slap $150 in cultivation taxes on a $300 pound, and that's a stunning 50% rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem for the industry is that about two-thirds of California cities do not allow legal sales or growing — local governments control when, or if, to create legal markets, and many have banned it or failed to set up rules. Even in places that do, cities have been slow to permit storefronts to sell legal products, with fewer than 1,000 brick-and-mortar shops in a state with nearly 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, wholesale prices for buds in the underground are significantly higher. The legal market, with limited outlets to sell it, is flooded with pot from corporate-scale growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few know the industry as well as dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who also heads the United Cannabis Business Association, a Los Angeles-based trade group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one is making money anywhere in the [legal] supply chain,\" he said, noting that his own sales have nosedived. Kiloh sees few bright spots in the law that established California's legal market, beyond a testing program that safeguards quality and programs to expunge old criminal records for marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Prop. 64, \"we did it all wrong,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11901878/californias-marijuana-economy-threatened-by-growing-illegal-market","authors":["byline_news_11901878"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_30523","news_18584","news_19895"],"featImg":"news_11769838","label":"news"},"news_11791257":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11791257","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11791257","score":null,"sort":[1576947615000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"legalizing-cannabis-has-unexpected-impact-on-food-and-farming-in-humboldt","title":"Legalizing Cannabis Has Unexpected Impact on Food and Farming in Humboldt","publishDate":1576947615,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Foodways | The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Like so many people in southern Humboldt County, Beth Allen has her feet in two worlds. She and her husband started Amillias, a take-out counter and brunch restaurant, 17 years ago in the town of Garberville, but she’s grown cannabis more than twice that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first reported on marijuana in this part of California almost a decade ago, the price of cannabis was higher than it is now, and I saw small businesses thriving. When I drove the commercial strip of Garberville late this past summer, I saw boarded up storefronts and closed businesses. The whole place looks like it could use a coat of paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen remembers the 1980s, when law enforcement came down hard on growers, sending helicopters into the remote hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were protesting and not moving out of the way so the helicopters could land,” she recalled. “You see all of the rivets under the belly of that helicopter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years ago, a pound of marijuana could fetch over $5,000. On previous visits I learned that growers funded the construction of non-profit clinics and community centers, and they also had money to spend on higher-end restaurants and specialty foods unusual in a small, rural community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amillias catered to that crowd, with its focus on regional ingredients and the personal stories behind their food. Take their pork products: Allen and her husband have known their pig farmer for nearly two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He drives to Eureka with a trailer, gets whatever's left over from the Booth Brewing Company and his pigs are raised on marijuana and beer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791519\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Beth Allen at the take-out counter of her restaurant Amillia's in Garberville.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beth Allen at the take-out counter of her restaurant Amillia's in Garberville. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Allen has ridden the waves of change in the cannabis industry — from the legalization of medical marijuana to influxes of get-rich-quick growers. In recent years, she advocated for full legalization, and when that became a reality, she tried getting her property through the permitting process in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would show up at the planning department with a box of pastries, a big smile on my face, saying ‘How can we help you get us through this process?’ ” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she found it so frustrating and expensive, she gave up on trying to get a permit for growing legal marijuana. One legalization expert said it can cost a grower $125,000 to get licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"cannabis\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the restaurant business started to falter. Amillias had expanded about five years ago by adding a dining room downstairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew that we could offer something to the community and in a beautiful space,” she said. “Unfortunately I have really bad timing because our community was collapsing. The beginning of the collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Allen said, they had a thriving dinner service and private parties, but legalization triggered a drop in the price of cannabis to under $1,000 per pound, down from over $5,000 in marijuana’s heyday. Allen believes this is why fewer people started coming to the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean we would have no one,\" Allen said. \"All of the staff, we would just stand here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said the take-out counter's revenue dropped by 50%, while the dining room fell by 75%. They closed their dinner service and started a weekend brunch to see if that would draw customers, but they're now considering reducing that to Sundays only. The restaurant went from nine employees to four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a few new restaurants have opened in the region, anecdotally, waitresses from Ukiah to Eureka say they’re seeing fewer customers and getting smaller tips. And I talked with a chef on the coast who told me he closed his high-end restaurant after the economic dip. He said, growers just weren't coming in any more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said she questions her earlier support of legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just lay in bed at night and think, ‘What was I thinking?’ ” she said. “I have strived to feed my community. I am not perfect. I am far from perfect. I just have to be very quiet, keep my head down and do the work. I pray every day for guidance of what is the right path for us, and what’s the right path for my community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Farming Food and Cannabis Together\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to farmers, legalization is bringing changes to food production in Humboldt County, too. For some, there are new opportunities and new customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a distribution center for the cannabis company Flow Kana in the small town of Whitethorn, one employee perk is weekly produce boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a break, employees crowded around farmer Daniel Stein of Briceland Forest Farm to look at the shishito peppers, beets, broccoli, and lettuce in the week's offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flow Kana purchases the produce from Humboldt and surrounding counties, and gives it to their employees around the state. According to Flow Kana, in the last 18 months the company purchased nearly 5,000 produce boxes for its employees, paying local farmers almost $150,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a new revenue stream for Stein, albeit a small one. He’s historically sold most of his produce at farmers markets but said attendance at markets is down, and so is his income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had an economy here that was largely based on the legacy market,” also known as the black market, Stein said. “Under that economy, I think money flowed more freely, people had more time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the economy shifts to growing cannabis legally with permits, much remains in limbo. Prices are changing and many growers don't know if they'll make it through the complicated and pricey permitting process to farm marijuana legally. There's talk of old timers who have stopped growing cannabis, even moved away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our economy and our culture right now is in a period of unknown,” Stein added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty may also be keeping people from spending, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, some of this sounds like typical growing pains in an agricultural industry: The market has changed, so expenses are up, while profits are down, and business owners like Stein have to get creative and find new opportunities, like selling produce boxes to marijuana companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kevin Cunningham\"]\"There were seven acres for sale just down the road from us for $1.2 million because it has a stamped cannabis permit. That's just unattainable for somebody who wants to start out growing vegetables. Absolutely unattainable.\"[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Stein said that legalization has also changed where people farm. Marijuana growers used to grow way up in the hills, where their crops could more easily evade detection from law enforcement. Now, if someone wants to start a new cannabis farm, they can do it out in the open, on prime, flat farmland zoned for agricultural development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And of course that's driven the price of prime ag land in Humboldt through the roof,” said Stein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer at the Garberville farmers' market, Kevin Cunningham, chimed in. “There were seven acres for sale just down the road from us for $1.2 million because it has a stamped cannabis permit,\" he said. \"That's just unattainable for somebody who wants to start out growing vegetables. Absolutely unattainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cannabis farmers aren’t planting on that prime farmland, said Cunningham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen in our river valley good prime ag soils essentially get paved over for putting in greenhouses, which then will truck in soil to grow cannabis in,\" he said. \"I'm not anti-cannabis but I am anti-stupidity, and I don't think that that's the proper way to develop an agricultural industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein and his young family are a little nervous. Daniel's wife Taylor Stein said, “This transition time is certainly scary watching things board up and close down. At the same time, the community is discovering its new identity” — albeit one that’s probably going to be less flush with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Steins, however, said making money has never been their primary reason for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Daniel Stein picks lemon cucumbers at Briceland Forest Farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Stein picks lemon cucumbers at Briceland Forest Farm. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I visit the couple and their two small kids at Briceland Forest Farm, where the Steins use organic and regenerative methods on their vibrant row crops. They’re proud that the farm takes up only one acre of their 160-acre property, which is mostly forested land with creeks running through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they pulled their baby in a wagon, the Steins pointed out the late-summer crops of kale and lemon cucumbers. A little frog hopped among the cabbages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing alongside the produce were towering cannabis plants. They've always grown both. They told me, an integrated farm makes good business sense, and it fits their values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a more profitable crop than veggies alone at the moment, even though that’s changing,” said Taylor Stein. \"Cannabis, it’s a dance partner through the season. It is so rewarding to grow a plant that starts from a seed in February and is the size of a tree in November. It responds to your attention and care immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the legalization of marijuana, the Steins said they spent time on habitat restoration on their land and on experimenting with sustainable farming techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they’re finding themselves spending a lot more time and money on getting permits to grow cannabis legally. Still, Daniel Stein says they’re holding on. He hopes that their way of farming and growing both food and cannabis will allow them to make a living and raise their family in this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Since the legalization, Humboldt's economy has been in limbo, impacting far more than the cannabis industry. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1576901459,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":1674},"headData":{"title":"Legalizing Cannabis Has Unexpected Impact on Food and Farming in Humboldt | KQED","description":"Since the legalization, Humboldt's economy has been in limbo, impacting far more than the cannabis industry. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Legalizing Cannabis Has Unexpected Impact on Food and Farming in Humboldt","datePublished":"2019-12-21T17:00:15.000Z","dateModified":"2019-12-21T04:10:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11791257 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11791257","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/21/legalizing-cannabis-has-unexpected-impact-on-food-and-farming-in-humboldt/","disqusTitle":"Legalizing Cannabis Has Unexpected Impact on Food and Farming in Humboldt","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/12/MorehouseCannabisV1.mp3","audioTrackLength":472,"path":"/news/11791257/legalizing-cannabis-has-unexpected-impact-on-food-and-farming-in-humboldt","audioDuration":470000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like so many people in southern Humboldt County, Beth Allen has her feet in two worlds. She and her husband started Amillias, a take-out counter and brunch restaurant, 17 years ago in the town of Garberville, but she’s grown cannabis more than twice that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first reported on marijuana in this part of California almost a decade ago, the price of cannabis was higher than it is now, and I saw small businesses thriving. When I drove the commercial strip of Garberville late this past summer, I saw boarded up storefronts and closed businesses. The whole place looks like it could use a coat of paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen remembers the 1980s, when law enforcement came down hard on growers, sending helicopters into the remote hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were protesting and not moving out of the way so the helicopters could land,” she recalled. “You see all of the rivets under the belly of that helicopter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years ago, a pound of marijuana could fetch over $5,000. On previous visits I learned that growers funded the construction of non-profit clinics and community centers, and they also had money to spend on higher-end restaurants and specialty foods unusual in a small, rural community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amillias catered to that crowd, with its focus on regional ingredients and the personal stories behind their food. Take their pork products: Allen and her husband have known their pig farmer for nearly two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He drives to Eureka with a trailer, gets whatever's left over from the Booth Brewing Company and his pigs are raised on marijuana and beer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791519\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Beth Allen at the take-out counter of her restaurant Amillia's in Garberville.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40489_IMG_2799-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beth Allen at the take-out counter of her restaurant Amillia's in Garberville. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Allen has ridden the waves of change in the cannabis industry — from the legalization of medical marijuana to influxes of get-rich-quick growers. In recent years, she advocated for full legalization, and when that became a reality, she tried getting her property through the permitting process in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would show up at the planning department with a box of pastries, a big smile on my face, saying ‘How can we help you get us through this process?’ ” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she found it so frustrating and expensive, she gave up on trying to get a permit for growing legal marijuana. One legalization expert said it can cost a grower $125,000 to get licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"cannabis","label":"more coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the restaurant business started to falter. Amillias had expanded about five years ago by adding a dining room downstairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew that we could offer something to the community and in a beautiful space,” she said. “Unfortunately I have really bad timing because our community was collapsing. The beginning of the collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Allen said, they had a thriving dinner service and private parties, but legalization triggered a drop in the price of cannabis to under $1,000 per pound, down from over $5,000 in marijuana’s heyday. Allen believes this is why fewer people started coming to the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean we would have no one,\" Allen said. \"All of the staff, we would just stand here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said the take-out counter's revenue dropped by 50%, while the dining room fell by 75%. They closed their dinner service and started a weekend brunch to see if that would draw customers, but they're now considering reducing that to Sundays only. The restaurant went from nine employees to four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a few new restaurants have opened in the region, anecdotally, waitresses from Ukiah to Eureka say they’re seeing fewer customers and getting smaller tips. And I talked with a chef on the coast who told me he closed his high-end restaurant after the economic dip. He said, growers just weren't coming in any more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen said she questions her earlier support of legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just lay in bed at night and think, ‘What was I thinking?’ ” she said. “I have strived to feed my community. I am not perfect. I am far from perfect. I just have to be very quiet, keep my head down and do the work. I pray every day for guidance of what is the right path for us, and what’s the right path for my community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Farming Food and Cannabis Together\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to farmers, legalization is bringing changes to food production in Humboldt County, too. For some, there are new opportunities and new customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a distribution center for the cannabis company Flow Kana in the small town of Whitethorn, one employee perk is weekly produce boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a break, employees crowded around farmer Daniel Stein of Briceland Forest Farm to look at the shishito peppers, beets, broccoli, and lettuce in the week's offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flow Kana purchases the produce from Humboldt and surrounding counties, and gives it to their employees around the state. According to Flow Kana, in the last 18 months the company purchased nearly 5,000 produce boxes for its employees, paying local farmers almost $150,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a new revenue stream for Stein, albeit a small one. He’s historically sold most of his produce at farmers markets but said attendance at markets is down, and so is his income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had an economy here that was largely based on the legacy market,” also known as the black market, Stein said. “Under that economy, I think money flowed more freely, people had more time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the economy shifts to growing cannabis legally with permits, much remains in limbo. Prices are changing and many growers don't know if they'll make it through the complicated and pricey permitting process to farm marijuana legally. There's talk of old timers who have stopped growing cannabis, even moved away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our economy and our culture right now is in a period of unknown,” Stein added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty may also be keeping people from spending, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, some of this sounds like typical growing pains in an agricultural industry: The market has changed, so expenses are up, while profits are down, and business owners like Stein have to get creative and find new opportunities, like selling produce boxes to marijuana companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"\"There were seven acres for sale just down the road from us for $1.2 million because it has a stamped cannabis permit. That's just unattainable for somebody who wants to start out growing vegetables. Absolutely unattainable.\"","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Kevin Cunningham","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Stein said that legalization has also changed where people farm. Marijuana growers used to grow way up in the hills, where their crops could more easily evade detection from law enforcement. Now, if someone wants to start a new cannabis farm, they can do it out in the open, on prime, flat farmland zoned for agricultural development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And of course that's driven the price of prime ag land in Humboldt through the roof,” said Stein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer at the Garberville farmers' market, Kevin Cunningham, chimed in. “There were seven acres for sale just down the road from us for $1.2 million because it has a stamped cannabis permit,\" he said. \"That's just unattainable for somebody who wants to start out growing vegetables. Absolutely unattainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cannabis farmers aren’t planting on that prime farmland, said Cunningham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen in our river valley good prime ag soils essentially get paved over for putting in greenhouses, which then will truck in soil to grow cannabis in,\" he said. \"I'm not anti-cannabis but I am anti-stupidity, and I don't think that that's the proper way to develop an agricultural industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein and his young family are a little nervous. Daniel's wife Taylor Stein said, “This transition time is certainly scary watching things board up and close down. At the same time, the community is discovering its new identity” — albeit one that’s probably going to be less flush with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Steins, however, said making money has never been their primary reason for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Daniel Stein picks lemon cucumbers at Briceland Forest Farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/RS40487_IMG_2829-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daniel Stein picks lemon cucumbers at Briceland Forest Farm. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I visit the couple and their two small kids at Briceland Forest Farm, where the Steins use organic and regenerative methods on their vibrant row crops. They’re proud that the farm takes up only one acre of their 160-acre property, which is mostly forested land with creeks running through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they pulled their baby in a wagon, the Steins pointed out the late-summer crops of kale and lemon cucumbers. A little frog hopped among the cabbages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing alongside the produce were towering cannabis plants. They've always grown both. They told me, an integrated farm makes good business sense, and it fits their values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a more profitable crop than veggies alone at the moment, even though that’s changing,” said Taylor Stein. \"Cannabis, it’s a dance partner through the season. It is so rewarding to grow a plant that starts from a seed in February and is the size of a tree in November. It responds to your attention and care immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the legalization of marijuana, the Steins said they spent time on habitat restoration on their land and on experimenting with sustainable farming techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they’re finding themselves spending a lot more time and money on getting permits to grow cannabis legally. Still, Daniel Stein says they’re holding on. He hopes that their way of farming and growing both food and cannabis will allow them to make a living and raise their family in this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11791257/legalizing-cannabis-has-unexpected-impact-on-food-and-farming-in-humboldt","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_26731"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_1758","news_19906","news_24114","news_6188"],"tags":["news_19963","news_5923","news_102","news_18584"],"featImg":"news_11791521","label":"news_26731"},"news_11762333":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11762333","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11762333","score":null,"sort":[1563541258000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market","title":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market","publishDate":1563541258,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by POLITICO California Pro on 7/17/2019\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's marijuana legalization was supposed to provide economic justice to communities most affected by drug laws in the past, but Native American tribes that have suffered say the state is unfairly shutting them out of its nascent cannabis trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes want the state to establish compacts, similar to gaming deals, that would allow them to sell cannabis grown on tribal lands to the broader California market. Under such arrangements, tribes would agree to regulations similar to those established under Proposition 64 and provide tax revenue to the state for products sold off-reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts. Their frustration spilled over last month at a state workshop in Los Angeles where the California Native American Cannabis Association gave an hour-long presentation criticizing the state that ended with Bureau of Cannabis Control Chief Lori Ajax visibly angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is.'\u003ccite>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Can't we bypass those years of going at each other over these issues and just come to the good agreement where the state recognizes the tribe's sovereignty for what they can do on the reservation and still have a productive, healthy market? Apparently not,\" said tribal attorney Mark Levitan during the presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for some 35 tribes interested in starting cannabis businesses to get back to the negotiation table. Because Proposition 64, which voters approved in 2016, was silent on how the state would interact with tribes in the legal marketplace, they’ve had to watch from the sidelines as the multibillion-dollar cannabis market rapidly develops without them. Many of these tribes rank among the communities with the highest rates of unemployment and drug abuse in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sovereign nations, tribes are able to regulate, grow and sell cannabis on reservation lands. However, to sell products off reservation, they currently have to sign a partial waiver of sovereign immunity that would give state agencies like the Bureau of Cannabis Control and California Department of Food and Agriculture complete regulatory control on tribal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, none of California’s tribes have agreed to that arrangement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's already so much that has been taken and making that compromise and giving [sovereignty] up is what is deeply problematic for people who are marginalized,” said Ariel Clark, a cannabis businesses attorney who is half Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, has carried legislation in each of the previous three years that would have allowed tribes to enter regulatory cannabis agreements negotiated by the governor and approved by the Legislature. The most recent bill, AB 924, gained the support of the cannabis industry after tribal leaders agreed to implement regulations and taxes mirroring the state's. But it subsequently fell apart after Gov. Jerry Brown's administration stood firm that tribes waive their sovereignty to allow for state oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barriers were significant enough that Bonta opted against pursuing another bill this year, according to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Native American Cannabis Association, or C-NACA, thought it would have better luck going directly to Newsom because he championed Prop 64, and has tried to improve the state's relationship with tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"prop-64\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom made national news last month when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2019/06/18/newsom-to-deliver-californias-formal-apology-to-native-americans-along-with-a-national-first-1065879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a formal apology\u003c/a> to California tribes for the state’s history of violence against Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group says the governor's office has not responded to multiple letters it sent asking for meetings to negotiate agreements. After Newsom's formal apology, C-NACA responded by saying that actions speak louder than words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA, said the apparent lack of interest in engaging with tribes on a potential economic opportunity seems hypocritical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal leaders and advocates have pointed to neighboring states as examples of how California could create a successful regulatory partnership with tribes. Washington, Oregon and Nevada have all passed legislation that empowers them to sign individual compacts with each tribe that allow for sharing of regulatory responsibilities on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, tribes agree to impose regulations and tax levels that at a minimum mirror those of the state. Tribal and state regulators also collaborate on enforcement, while the state can run background checks on non-tribal investors and partners. In return, tribes have access to the general Washington market and tax revenue goes to reservation coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a unique relationship that you have with the tribes. They're not a traditional stakeholder, they are governments,” said Brett Cain, the tribal liaison for the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. “They just happen to reside within Washington state and you have to treat it as a unique relationship and respect their sovereignty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the perspective of California regulators and lawmakers, it’s unclear if the systems used by other states for negotiating tribal cannabis agreements can work here. That’s because the strict set of criteria laid out for legal business under Prop 64 — which covers everything from water usage to labor peace agreements — would offer little wiggle room in the negotiation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C-NACA and its member tribes have started to look toward inter-reservation commerce as an alternative to entering the California market and as a tool to put pressure on the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitan said tribes would create healthy nation-to-nation markets where they will develop their own regulatory standards and open dispensaries that sell products to consumers who travel to reservations. None of the income, including from retail sales to California residents, would be subject to state taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you keep telling the tribes we'll deal with you next year when we have time, we'll deal with you next year when we have more time, this is the inevitable result,” Levitan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For members of small tribes often located in California’s most rural areas, the promise made to voters that legalization would create social equity for individuals and communities impacted by drug prohibition laws would be broken if Native Americans are excluded from the picture. Reports show Native Americans have the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse among ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Almaraz, a member of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, a tribe of about 130 people located in the Riverside County mountains, said that cannabis cultivation offers the best opportunity for the tribe to support itself in the future. His tribe is one of almost 50 that doesn’t participate in gaming and struggles to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a lot more third-world situations right here in California than you know, and it is in tribes,” he said. “Without the money from casinos, it would not be possible to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politicopro.com/state-policy/california?cid=promkt_19q2_cal_kq\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">POLITICO California Pro\u003c/a> is a subscription platform providing access to original reporting, analysis and tools on the political and policy developments impacting California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 POLITICO LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1563834775,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1260},"headData":{"title":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market | KQED","description":"Tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market","datePublished":"2019-07-19T13:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2019-07-22T22:32:55.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11762333 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11762333","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/07/19/tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market/","disqusTitle":"Tribes Frustrated at Being Locked out of California Cannabis Market","source":"POLITICO PRO","sourceUrl":"https://www.politicopro.com/state-policy/california?cid=promkt_19q2_cal_kq","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/staff/alexander-nieves\" target=\"_blank\">Alexander Nieves\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11762333/tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by POLITICO California Pro on 7/17/2019\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's marijuana legalization was supposed to provide economic justice to communities most affected by drug laws in the past, but Native American tribes that have suffered say the state is unfairly shutting them out of its nascent cannabis trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes want the state to establish compacts, similar to gaming deals, that would allow them to sell cannabis grown on tribal lands to the broader California market. Under such arrangements, tribes would agree to regulations similar to those established under Proposition 64 and provide tax revenue to the state for products sold off-reservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tribal leaders say they've been ignored by Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration despite months of trying to get the state to engage on cannabis compacts. Their frustration spilled over last month at a state workshop in Los Angeles where the California Native American Cannabis Association gave an hour-long presentation criticizing the state that ended with Bureau of Cannabis Control Chief Lori Ajax visibly angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is.'\u003ccite>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Can't we bypass those years of going at each other over these issues and just come to the good agreement where the state recognizes the tribe's sovereignty for what they can do on the reservation and still have a productive, healthy market? Apparently not,\" said tribal attorney Mark Levitan during the presentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for some 35 tribes interested in starting cannabis businesses to get back to the negotiation table. Because Proposition 64, which voters approved in 2016, was silent on how the state would interact with tribes in the legal marketplace, they’ve had to watch from the sidelines as the multibillion-dollar cannabis market rapidly develops without them. Many of these tribes rank among the communities with the highest rates of unemployment and drug abuse in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As sovereign nations, tribes are able to regulate, grow and sell cannabis on reservation lands. However, to sell products off reservation, they currently have to sign a partial waiver of sovereign immunity that would give state agencies like the Bureau of Cannabis Control and California Department of Food and Agriculture complete regulatory control on tribal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, none of California’s tribes have agreed to that arrangement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's already so much that has been taken and making that compromise and giving [sovereignty] up is what is deeply problematic for people who are marginalized,” said Ariel Clark, a cannabis businesses attorney who is half Native American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, has carried legislation in each of the previous three years that would have allowed tribes to enter regulatory cannabis agreements negotiated by the governor and approved by the Legislature. The most recent bill, AB 924, gained the support of the cannabis industry after tribal leaders agreed to implement regulations and taxes mirroring the state's. But it subsequently fell apart after Gov. Jerry Brown's administration stood firm that tribes waive their sovereignty to allow for state oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barriers were significant enough that Bonta opted against pursuing another bill this year, according to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Native American Cannabis Association, or C-NACA, thought it would have better luck going directly to Newsom because he championed Prop 64, and has tried to improve the state's relationship with tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related stories ","tag":"prop-64"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom made national news last month when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2019/06/18/newsom-to-deliver-californias-formal-apology-to-native-americans-along-with-a-national-first-1065879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a formal apology\u003c/a> to California tribes for the state’s history of violence against Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group says the governor's office has not responded to multiple letters it sent asking for meetings to negotiate agreements. After Newsom's formal apology, C-NACA responded by saying that actions speak louder than words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Vialpando, executive director of C-NACA, said the apparent lack of interest in engaging with tribes on a potential economic opportunity seems hypocritical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the governor making a statement about apologizing for all the grief or all the tragedy, our point is, OK, well, put your money where your mouth is,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal leaders and advocates have pointed to neighboring states as examples of how California could create a successful regulatory partnership with tribes. Washington, Oregon and Nevada have all passed legislation that empowers them to sign individual compacts with each tribe that allow for sharing of regulatory responsibilities on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, tribes agree to impose regulations and tax levels that at a minimum mirror those of the state. Tribal and state regulators also collaborate on enforcement, while the state can run background checks on non-tribal investors and partners. In return, tribes have access to the general Washington market and tax revenue goes to reservation coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a unique relationship that you have with the tribes. They're not a traditional stakeholder, they are governments,” said Brett Cain, the tribal liaison for the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. “They just happen to reside within Washington state and you have to treat it as a unique relationship and respect their sovereignty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the perspective of California regulators and lawmakers, it’s unclear if the systems used by other states for negotiating tribal cannabis agreements can work here. That’s because the strict set of criteria laid out for legal business under Prop 64 — which covers everything from water usage to labor peace agreements — would offer little wiggle room in the negotiation process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C-NACA and its member tribes have started to look toward inter-reservation commerce as an alternative to entering the California market and as a tool to put pressure on the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levitan said tribes would create healthy nation-to-nation markets where they will develop their own regulatory standards and open dispensaries that sell products to consumers who travel to reservations. None of the income, including from retail sales to California residents, would be subject to state taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you keep telling the tribes we'll deal with you next year when we have time, we'll deal with you next year when we have more time, this is the inevitable result,” Levitan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For members of small tribes often located in California’s most rural areas, the promise made to voters that legalization would create social equity for individuals and communities impacted by drug prohibition laws would be broken if Native Americans are excluded from the picture. Reports show Native Americans have the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse among ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Almaraz, a member of the Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, a tribe of about 130 people located in the Riverside County mountains, said that cannabis cultivation offers the best opportunity for the tribe to support itself in the future. His tribe is one of almost 50 that doesn’t participate in gaming and struggles to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a lot more third-world situations right here in California than you know, and it is in tribes,” he said. “Without the money from casinos, it would not be possible to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politicopro.com/state-policy/california?cid=promkt_19q2_cal_kq\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">POLITICO California Pro\u003c/a> is a subscription platform providing access to original reporting, analysis and tools on the political and policy developments impacting California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 POLITICO LLC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11762333/tribes-frustrated-at-being-locked-out-of-california-cannabis-market","authors":["byline_news_11762333"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_19963","news_102","news_18584","news_1261","news_1262","news_19962","news_19895","news_24346","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11762350","label":"source_news_11762333"},"news_11754845":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11754845","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11754845","score":null,"sort":[1560555837000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"possessing-marijuana-in-prison-is-not-a-felony-california-court-says","title":"Possessing Marijuana in Prison 'Is Not A Felony,' California Court Says","publishDate":1560555837,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>California prison inmates who possess small amounts of marijuana are not guilty of a felony crime, a California appeals court ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court reasoned that because it's legal to have small amounts of pot in the state, the same is true inside its prisons. But the justices also said it's still illegal to smoke or ingest cannabis in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling, from a panel of California's 3rd District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, overturns the convictions of five inmates who had been found guilty of possessing marijuana — convictions that added more prison time to their sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plain language of Proposition 64 is clear,\" a panel of three justices said, referring to the 2016 initiative legalizing recreational marijuana use. They concluded that \"possession of less than one ounce of cannabis in prison or a similar penal institution is not a felony.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11638056\"]In response to the ruling, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation emphasized that inmates are still banned from smoking or ingesting marijuana in its prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the court's decision is still under review, we want to be clear that drug use and sales within state prisons remains prohibited,\" said CDCR Press Secretary Vicky Waters. She added that the agency will \"evaluate this decision with an eye towards maintaining health and security within our institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6153305/3rd-Court-Ruling-Cannabis-In-California-Prisons.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their conclusion that possessing cannabis does not constitute a felony, the court said prison authorities could still ban marijuana possession \"to maintain order and safety in the prisons and other penal institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was met with confusion among both prosecutors and criminal defense attorneys, even as some acknowledged that it is a step toward adjusting criminal law to reflect recreational marijuana's legal status in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're doing two years on a robbery, it does seem like a lot to have eight years added for possession of less than an ounce of marijuana,\" defense attorney Dan Olsen told Sacramento's \u003ca href=\"https://fox40.com/2019/06/13/pot-possession-in-prisons-approved-by-california-appeals-court/\">Fox 40 TV news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 20-page opinion written by Presiding Justice Vance W. Raye, the appeals court said Attorney General Xavier Becerra's office \"takes a huge leap\" in arguing that possessing small amounts of marijuana is legally banned in prison, despite the sweeping and plainly stated changes to California's drug laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The argument flies in the face of the plain language of the statute and common sense,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices noted the unambiguous language of the state's marijuana law — which still bans using the drug under certain circumstances. They also agreed with the defendants' contention that while smoking or ingesting cannabis in prison is specifically prohibited, the law leaves the door open to other methods of using cannabis. Those methods, they added, could include vaping or applying topical oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general's office had argued that the law resulted in an \"absurdity\" that would essentially legalize the use of a controlled substance in prisons and encourage drug smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But disagreeing with a drug policy decision isn't enough of a reason to declare that a law is absurd, the court said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"drug-laws\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question of law we review ... is whether the plain language of the statute leads to an absurd result. We conclude it does not,\" Raye wrote. \"A result is not absurd because the outcome may be unwise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's office has not yet said whether it plans to appeal the ruling, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court also suggested that new legislation, or even a new referendum, could ease some of the confusion over marijuana policies in California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remedy for clearly written language that achieves a dubious policy outcome is not judicial intervention but correction by the people or the Legislature,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A three-judge panel ruled that because it's legal to have small amounts of pot in California, the same is true inside prison. Smoking or ingesting cannabis in prison, however, is still illegal, the court said.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1560558070,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":644},"headData":{"title":"Possessing Marijuana in Prison 'Is Not A Felony,' California Court Says | KQED","description":"A three-judge panel ruled that because it's legal to have small amounts of pot in California, the same is true inside prison. Smoking or ingesting cannabis in prison, however, is still illegal, the court said.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Possessing Marijuana in Prison 'Is Not A Felony,' California Court Says","datePublished":"2019-06-14T23:43:57.000Z","dateModified":"2019-06-15T00:21:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11754845 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11754845","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/06/14/possessing-marijuana-in-prison-is-not-a-felony-california-court-says/","disqusTitle":"Possessing Marijuana in Prison 'Is Not A Felony,' California Court Says","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/14/732730429/possessing-marijuana-in-prison-is-not-a-felony-california-court-says","nprImageCredit":"Lucy Nicholson","nprByline":"Bill Chappell\u003cbr>NPR","nprImageAgency":"Reuters","nprStoryId":"732730429","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=732730429&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/14/732730429/possessing-marijuana-in-prison-is-not-a-felony-california-court-says?ft=nprml&f=732730429","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 14 Jun 2019 13:42:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 14 Jun 2019 12:50:05 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 14 Jun 2019 13:42:04 -0400","path":"/news/11754845/possessing-marijuana-in-prison-is-not-a-felony-california-court-says","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California prison inmates who possess small amounts of marijuana are not guilty of a felony crime, a California appeals court ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court reasoned that because it's legal to have small amounts of pot in the state, the same is true inside its prisons. But the justices also said it's still illegal to smoke or ingest cannabis in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling, from a panel of California's 3rd District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, overturns the convictions of five inmates who had been found guilty of possessing marijuana — convictions that added more prison time to their sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plain language of Proposition 64 is clear,\" a panel of three justices said, referring to the 2016 initiative legalizing recreational marijuana use. They concluded that \"possession of less than one ounce of cannabis in prison or a similar penal institution is not a felony.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11638056","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In response to the ruling, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation emphasized that inmates are still banned from smoking or ingesting marijuana in its prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the court's decision is still under review, we want to be clear that drug use and sales within state prisons remains prohibited,\" said CDCR Press Secretary Vicky Waters. She added that the agency will \"evaluate this decision with an eye towards maintaining health and security within our institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6153305/3rd-Court-Ruling-Cannabis-In-California-Prisons.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their conclusion that possessing cannabis does not constitute a felony, the court said prison authorities could still ban marijuana possession \"to maintain order and safety in the prisons and other penal institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was met with confusion among both prosecutors and criminal defense attorneys, even as some acknowledged that it is a step toward adjusting criminal law to reflect recreational marijuana's legal status in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're doing two years on a robbery, it does seem like a lot to have eight years added for possession of less than an ounce of marijuana,\" defense attorney Dan Olsen told Sacramento's \u003ca href=\"https://fox40.com/2019/06/13/pot-possession-in-prisons-approved-by-california-appeals-court/\">Fox 40 TV news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 20-page opinion written by Presiding Justice Vance W. Raye, the appeals court said Attorney General Xavier Becerra's office \"takes a huge leap\" in arguing that possessing small amounts of marijuana is legally banned in prison, despite the sweeping and plainly stated changes to California's drug laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The argument flies in the face of the plain language of the statute and common sense,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices noted the unambiguous language of the state's marijuana law — which still bans using the drug under certain circumstances. They also agreed with the defendants' contention that while smoking or ingesting cannabis in prison is specifically prohibited, the law leaves the door open to other methods of using cannabis. Those methods, they added, could include vaping or applying topical oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general's office had argued that the law resulted in an \"absurdity\" that would essentially legalize the use of a controlled substance in prisons and encourage drug smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But disagreeing with a drug policy decision isn't enough of a reason to declare that a law is absurd, the court said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"drug-laws"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question of law we review ... is whether the plain language of the statute leads to an absurd result. We conclude it does not,\" Raye wrote. \"A result is not absurd because the outcome may be unwise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's office has not yet said whether it plans to appeal the ruling, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court also suggested that new legislation, or even a new referendum, could ease some of the confusion over marijuana policies in California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remedy for clearly written language that achieves a dubious policy outcome is not judicial intervention but correction by the people or the Legislature,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11754845/possessing-marijuana-in-prison-is-not-a-felony-california-court-says","authors":["byline_news_11754845"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_616","news_17999","news_102","news_18584","news_19962"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11754846","label":"source_news_11754845"},"news_11753815":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11753815","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11753815","score":null,"sort":[1560258019000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds","title":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds","publishDate":1560258019,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> shoots down the notion that medical marijuana laws can prevent opioid overdose deaths, challenging a favorite talking point of legal pot advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"medical-marijuana\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers reexamined a 2014 analysis that linked medical marijuana laws to slower than expected increases in state prescription opioid death rates between 1999 to 2010. The original authors speculated patients might be substituting marijuana for painkillers, but they warned against drawing conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the new researchers included data through 2017, by which time many more states had legalized medical marijuana, they found the reverse: Those states actually saw a 23% higher-than-expected rate of deaths involving prescription opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalizing medical marijuana \"is not going to be a solution to the opioid overdose crisis,\" said Chelsea Shover of Stanford University School of Medicine. \"It would be wonderful if that were true, but the evidence doesn't suggest that it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shover and colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/embargoed-pot-study.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reported the findings\u003c/a> Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It's unlikely, they said, that medical marijuana laws initially caused one big effect and then the opposite. Any beneficial link was likely coincidental all along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't think it's reasonable to say it was saving lives before, but it's killing people now,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower rates of opioid deaths were likely due to a combination of other factors in states that first legalized medical marijuana, said Dr. Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University, who helped lead the study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The states that legalized first tended to be wealthier states,\" he said. \"They're more blue politically, they have more health care, they use naloxone more, they jail people for drug use less. And all these differences could account for why the overdose rates in those states are different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, prescription pills once were involved in the largest share of overdose deaths, but that changed as use of heroin, and then fentanyl, surged. The studies on marijuana laws and opioid deaths don't account for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study undermines recent policy changes in some states. Last week, New Mexico joined New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in approving marijuana for patients with opioid addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors of the original research welcomed the new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't happy when a billboard went up saying marijuana laws reduce overdose deaths,\" said Brendan Saloner of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. \"That was very hard for us to rein in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana has been shown to help ease chronic pain, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other studies\u003c/a> have suggested medical marijuana laws may reduce opioid prescribing. So there's still reason to believe that for some people, marijuana can serve as a substitute for opioids as a pain reliever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for addiction and the overdose crisis, \"we should focus our research and policies on other questions that might make a difference,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Laura Klivans contributed reporting to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers found that any beneficial link between medical marijuana legalization and a decrease in opioid addiction was likely coincidental.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1560276303,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":494},"headData":{"title":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds | KQED","description":"Researchers found that any beneficial link between medical marijuana legalization and a decrease in opioid addiction was likely coincidental.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds","datePublished":"2019-06-11T13:00:19.000Z","dateModified":"2019-06-11T18:05:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11753815 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11753815","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/06/11/medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Medical Pot Laws Are Not an Antidote to U.S. Opioid Deaths, Study Finds","nprByline":"Carla K. Johnson\u003cbr>Associated Press","path":"/news/11753815/medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new study\u003c/a> shoots down the notion that medical marijuana laws can prevent opioid overdose deaths, challenging a favorite talking point of legal pot advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related stories ","tag":"medical-marijuana"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers reexamined a 2014 analysis that linked medical marijuana laws to slower than expected increases in state prescription opioid death rates between 1999 to 2010. The original authors speculated patients might be substituting marijuana for painkillers, but they warned against drawing conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the new researchers included data through 2017, by which time many more states had legalized medical marijuana, they found the reverse: Those states actually saw a 23% higher-than-expected rate of deaths involving prescription opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalizing medical marijuana \"is not going to be a solution to the opioid overdose crisis,\" said Chelsea Shover of Stanford University School of Medicine. \"It would be wonderful if that were true, but the evidence doesn't suggest that it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shover and colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/embargoed-pot-study.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reported the findings\u003c/a> Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It's unlikely, they said, that medical marijuana laws initially caused one big effect and then the opposite. Any beneficial link was likely coincidental all along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't think it's reasonable to say it was saving lives before, but it's killing people now,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lower rates of opioid deaths were likely due to a combination of other factors in states that first legalized medical marijuana, said Dr. Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University, who helped lead the study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The states that legalized first tended to be wealthier states,\" he said. \"They're more blue politically, they have more health care, they use naloxone more, they jail people for drug use less. And all these differences could account for why the overdose rates in those states are different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, prescription pills once were involved in the largest share of overdose deaths, but that changed as use of heroin, and then fentanyl, surged. The studies on marijuana laws and opioid deaths don't account for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study undermines recent policy changes in some states. Last week, New Mexico joined New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in approving marijuana for patients with opioid addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors of the original research welcomed the new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We weren't happy when a billboard went up saying marijuana laws reduce overdose deaths,\" said Brendan Saloner of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. \"That was very hard for us to rein in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana has been shown to help ease chronic pain, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70a1ce4810f74ba2a31af5f9ade9bd86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">other studies\u003c/a> have suggested medical marijuana laws may reduce opioid prescribing. So there's still reason to believe that for some people, marijuana can serve as a substitute for opioids as a pain reliever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for addiction and the overdose crisis, \"we should focus our research and policies on other questions that might make a difference,\" Shover said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Laura Klivans contributed reporting to this article.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11753815/medical-pot-laws-are-no-answer-for-us-opioid-deaths-study-finds","authors":["byline_news_11753815"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18584","news_431","news_25617","news_22774"],"featImg":"news_11728828","label":"news"},"news_11737089":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11737089","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11737089","score":null,"sort":[1554155502000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"l-a-to-use-tech-to-wipe-out-tens-of-thousands-of-old-pot-convictions","title":"L.A. to Use Tech to Wipe Out Tens of Thousands of Old Pot Convictions","publishDate":1554155502,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Los Angeles-area prosecutors are joining other district attorneys to use technology to wipe out or reduce as many as 50,000 old marijuana convictions, more than a year after recreational use of the drug became legal in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.codeforamerica.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code for America\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based nonprofit tech organization, which uses algorithms to find eligible cases that are otherwise hard to identify in decades-old court documents. It comes after San Francisco successfully cleared convictions using a similar approach, one that other cities and states nationwide said they will try to replicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This collaboration will improve people's lives by erasing the mistakes of their past and hopefully lead them on a path to a better future,\" L.A. County District Attorney Jackie Lacey said in a statement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County also announced their partnership with the group to remove up to 4,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters approved eliminating some pot-related crimes and wiping out past criminal convictions or reducing felonies to misdemeanors when they legalized adult marijuana use in 2016. The law went into effect at the beginning of 2018. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was no easy way to identify an estimated 200,000 cases statewide. Past offenders had to file petitions on their own to get their records changed or hire lawyers for help with the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After partnering with the group, San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón announced last month that 9,300 cases dating to 1975 will be dropped or reduced for free, in many cases without the offenders’ knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It began when his office started sifting through thousands of criminal cases last year to identify eligible marijuana convictions after only 23 people who hired lawyers had taken advantage of the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, after managing to dismiss just over 1,000 cases during the painstaking process, Gascón partnered with CFA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer coders with the group, which aims to make government more efficient, developed the Clear My Record algorithm to quickly identify eligible cases and automatically fill out forms to file with the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we do this right, we show that government can make good on its promises, especially for the hundreds of thousands who have been denied jobs, housing and other opportunities despite the passage of laws intended to provide relief,\" said Jennifer Pahlka, executive director of Code for America. \"Clear My Record changes the scale and speed of justice and has the potential to ignite change across the state and the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in a host of cities across the country, including Baltimore, Seattle and Chicago, have expressed interested in clearing eligible marijuana convictions. And in Michigan, which legalized pot last year, officials said they would eliminate pot crimes and allow past convictions to be erased or reduced.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Los Angeles prosecutors are joining other California district attorneys to tap technology that could wipe out or reduce more than 50,000 old marijuana convictions.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1554157049,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":470},"headData":{"title":"L.A. to Use Tech to Wipe Out Tens of Thousands of Old Pot Convictions | KQED","description":"Los Angeles prosecutors are joining other California district attorneys to tap technology that could wipe out or reduce more than 50,000 old marijuana convictions.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"L.A. to Use Tech to Wipe Out Tens of Thousands of Old Pot Convictions","datePublished":"2019-04-01T21:51:42.000Z","dateModified":"2019-04-01T22:17:29.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11737089 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11737089","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/04/01/l-a-to-use-tech-to-wipe-out-tens-of-thousands-of-old-pot-convictions/","disqusTitle":"L.A. to Use Tech to Wipe Out Tens of Thousands of Old Pot Convictions","nprByline":"Associated Press","path":"/news/11737089/l-a-to-use-tech-to-wipe-out-tens-of-thousands-of-old-pot-convictions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Los Angeles-area prosecutors are joining other district attorneys to use technology to wipe out or reduce as many as 50,000 old marijuana convictions, more than a year after recreational use of the drug became legal in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.codeforamerica.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code for America\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based nonprofit tech organization, which uses algorithms to find eligible cases that are otherwise hard to identify in decades-old court documents. It comes after San Francisco successfully cleared convictions using a similar approach, one that other cities and states nationwide said they will try to replicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This collaboration will improve people's lives by erasing the mistakes of their past and hopefully lead them on a path to a better future,\" L.A. County District Attorney Jackie Lacey said in a statement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County also announced their partnership with the group to remove up to 4,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters approved eliminating some pot-related crimes and wiping out past criminal convictions or reducing felonies to misdemeanors when they legalized adult marijuana use in 2016. The law went into effect at the beginning of 2018. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was no easy way to identify an estimated 200,000 cases statewide. Past offenders had to file petitions on their own to get their records changed or hire lawyers for help with the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After partnering with the group, San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón announced last month that 9,300 cases dating to 1975 will be dropped or reduced for free, in many cases without the offenders’ knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It began when his office started sifting through thousands of criminal cases last year to identify eligible marijuana convictions after only 23 people who hired lawyers had taken advantage of the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, after managing to dismiss just over 1,000 cases during the painstaking process, Gascón partnered with CFA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer coders with the group, which aims to make government more efficient, developed the Clear My Record algorithm to quickly identify eligible cases and automatically fill out forms to file with the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we do this right, we show that government can make good on its promises, especially for the hundreds of thousands who have been denied jobs, housing and other opportunities despite the passage of laws intended to provide relief,\" said Jennifer Pahlka, executive director of Code for America. \"Clear My Record changes the scale and speed of justice and has the potential to ignite change across the state and the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in a host of cities across the country, including Baltimore, Seattle and Chicago, have expressed interested in clearing eligible marijuana convictions. And in Michigan, which legalized pot last year, officials said they would eliminate pot crimes and allow past convictions to be erased or reduced.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11737089/l-a-to-use-tech-to-wipe-out-tens-of-thousands-of-old-pot-convictions","authors":["byline_news_11737089"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_4","news_102","news_18584","news_22282"],"featImg":"news_11712965","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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