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Democrats shunned a White House veto threat and muscled legislation through the House Tuesday that opens up the possibility of citizenship to an estimated 2 million-plus migrants, including more than 600,000 Californians.

The bill stands virtually no chance of enactment but allows Democratic lawmakers to showcase their efforts on one of their highest-profile priorities.

The measure is just one skirmish in Democrats' multifront battle against most congressional Republicans over immigration, an issue that has deadlocked the two parties for decades but intensified under the harsh policies and rhetoric of President Donald Trump. It is likely fated to join a host of other House-passed measures advancing Democrats' agenda that are running aground in the GOP-run Senate, including legislation on health care, gun control, climate change and election security.

The bill passed on a near party-line 237-187 vote as supporters in the House visitors' galleries roared "Yes We Can" and other chants, a rare display of raucous emotion in a chamber whose rules require decorum by its guests. Seven Republicans from mostly moderate districts were the only lawmakers to cross party lines.

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As if to underscore the relentlessness and sweep of the immigration fight, the Democratic-led House Appropriations Committee took its own swipe at Trump by unveiling a separate bill that provides no additional money next year for building the president's long-sought barriers along the southwest border. That measure also claws back a portion of the billions of dollars Trump has unilaterally diverted toward constructing portions of his wall.

The House-passed bill would shield young migrants brought to the U.S. illegally as children from being deported and offer them a pathway toward citizenship. Many beneficiaries would be "Dreamers" who are currently safeguarded by the Obama-era Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, which only the federal courts have thwarted Trump from dismantling.

It would also shield other immigrants who are here temporarily because their home countries — chiefly in Central America, Africa and the Middle East — have been ravaged by wars or natural disasters.

The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated that more than 2 million people already in the U.S. would get legal status under the House bill. The analysts also said the measure would cost more than $30 billion over the next decade, largely because many migrants attaining legal status would qualify for federal benefits like Medicaid.

Democrats said that besides humanitarian considerations, helping the migrants stay in the U.S. would benefit the economy and the many industries that employ them as workers. The bill's supporters include the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the AFL-CIO labor organization and immigration and progressive groups.

"This is about who we are as Americans, and what is in the best interests of our country," said Rep. Lucille Roybal-Allard, D-California, the measure's chief sponsor.

Republicans criticized the bill for lacking border security provisions that they and Trump have long demanded as part of any major immigration bill, and said it dangled overly generous provisions that would encourage even more illegal immigration.

"This bill, to my mind, would ruin America," said Rep. Glenn Grothman, R-Wisconsin.

White House aides sent lawmakers a letter threatening a Trump veto, saying the measure "would incentivize and reward illegal immigration" without "protecting our communities and defending our borders."

Though the bill contained provisions thwarting many gang members from winning legal status, Republicans unsuccessfully tried adding tougher language. Just 10 Democrats voted for it, nine from districts Trump carried in 2016. Republicans seemed certain to use the vote in next year's campaigns to try characterizing Democrats who opposed the amendment as soft on crime.

The debate occurred as the number of migrants arriving at the border with Mexico has swelled, straining the government's ability to process and detain them. Since Dec. 1, more than 200,000 migrants have been released into the country, a huge backlog that means they will likely be in the U.S. for years until immigration courts decide their fate.

Trump has requested $4.5 billion to address that influx, but Congress has yet to approve it. Trump has also said he'll impose a 5% tariff on all Mexican goods starting next week if that country doesn't stem the flow of migrants and drugs into the U.S. The assessment would grow gradually to 25% without a resolution.

Under the House bill, "Dreamers" and immigrants who entered the country before they turned 18 and lived here continually for at least four years could qualify for a decade of conditional legal status. They would have to meet education and background check requirements, and not have committed felonies or certain misdemeanors, including for domestic violence.

They would qualify for full, permanent legal residence if they attain post-secondary degrees, serve in the military or have worked for at least three years. After another five years, they could then apply for citizenship.

Also qualifying for legal residence, and possible citizenship would be people in the U.S. with Temporary Protected Status, another program that temporarily protects roughly 300,000 people from 10 war-torn or disaster-racked nations. The administration has tried ending the program for people from several of those countries — including Sudan, Nicaragua, Haiti and El Salvador — but has been hindered by lawsuits.

Several thousand Liberians fleeing violence and the Ebola virus who have received temporary legal status in the U.S. would also be given a chance for permanent residence and citizenship. Trump decided last year to end that program, called Deferred Enforced Departure, but in March extended it for another year so the program could be phased out.

Democrats' separate homeland security bill would cancel $601 million from procurement programs, dinging Trump for trying to shift that amount from a Treasury fund toward building a border wall, and cut the number of Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention beds. That move by Democrats seeks to reduce the government's ability to detain migrants instead of releasing them pending court appearances.

Both proposals seem certain to attract another Trump veto promise.

Associated Press writer Andrew Taylor contributed to this report.

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