'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban
A Teen Mother and Her Baby Were Murdered in a Gang-Related Shooting. Their Family Wants Answers
Diary: What It's Like to Lobby Sacramento as a 14-Year-Old
San Bernardino Struggles to Remain 'SB Strong' in the Face of Rising Violence
East Palo Alto Struggles to Curb Gang Violence
Mexican Militias Fight Against Drug Cartels With Help from U.S. Friends
How Imprisoned Mexican Mafia Leader Exerts Secret Control Over L.A. Street Gangs
No Arrests Yet in Oakland Gang Related Shooting
Oakland Gang Injunctions
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Murrow award for best news documentary.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/defcbeb88b0bf591ff9af41f22644051?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@chalexhall","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alex Hall | KQED","description":"KQED Enterprise & Accountability Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/defcbeb88b0bf591ff9af41f22644051?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/defcbeb88b0bf591ff9af41f22644051?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ahall"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11960814":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11960814","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11960814","score":null,"sort":[1694553010000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","title":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban","publishDate":1694553010,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘I Lost Everything’: California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) [aside label='More on Artificial Intelligence' tag='artificial-intelligence'] But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net\"]‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’[/pullquote] Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694553811,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1742},"headData":{"title":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban | KQED","description":"An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban","datePublished":"2023-09-12T21:10:10.000Z","dateModified":"2023-09-12T21:23:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a346cf1e-4a87-4ecd-9476-b07a010b2b30/audio.mp3","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\">Beth Tribolet\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11960814/i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Artificial Intelligence ","tag":"artificial-intelligence"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11960814/i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","authors":["byline_news_11960814"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_25184","news_2114","news_19133","news_18538","news_22973","news_249","news_86","news_33172","news_2451","news_4","news_30214","news_25944","news_5022"],"featImg":"news_11960658","label":"news"},"news_11948187":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11948187","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11948187","score":null,"sort":[1683118839000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-teen-mother-baby-murdered-gang-related-mass-shooting","title":"A Teen Mother and Her Baby Were Murdered in a Gang-Related Shooting. Their Family Wants Answers","publishDate":1683118839,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A Teen Mother and Her Baby Were Murdered in a Gang-Related Shooting. Their Family Wants Answers | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]hayne Maupin sat in the front row of the church staring stoically at the projector screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of his girlfriend, Alissa Parraz, and their infant son, Nycholas, ticked by: Nycholas playing in a laundry basket, looking up at the camera; Nycholas tucked into his car seat; and Shayne holding hands with Alissa in the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shayne, 18, wiped his eyes with the sleeve of a red hoodie he had shared with Alissa. He didn’t know their time together as a family would be so brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue, orange and yellow flowers were arranged on the altar next to a framed photo of Alissa holding Nycholas. Also on the altar: an urn, and plastic children’s toys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Lee Maupin Jr., Shayne’s father, rubbed his son’s head to comfort him before walking onstage to address the funeral audience. He was struggling, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m grateful that my son had fell in love,” he said through tears. “I just wish it would have lasted longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948234\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948234\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man at a podium inside a church memorial service speaks with a projected photo of a young couple and their baby behind him.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Lee Maupin Jr., father of Shayne Maupin, speaks during the funeral service for Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alissa, 16, and 10-month-old Nycholas were slain Jan. 16 in a mass shooting in Goshen, an unincorporated community bisected by railroad tracks along Highway 99 west of Visalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first of 13 days of gun violence that rocked California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101891960/monterey-park-reeling-after-lunar-new-year-massacre\">In Monterey Park\u003c/a>, 11 people died at a dance studio on Jan. 21; the suspected gunman also died, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. On Jan. 23, seven people were gunned down at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11939064/at-least-7-killed-in-half-moon-bay-shooting\">two Half Moon Bay farms\u003c/a>. In Goshen, the violence and concerns about possible cartel involvement shocked neighbors into silence, fearful of retaliation. Almost four months later, loved ones of the victims are still trying to piece together what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers responding to a 911 call on the morning of Jan. 16 immediately found the bodies of Alissa and Nycholas in the street in front of the house where she lived with family. Both were shot in the back of the head, and were the last to be killed in a massacre that claimed six lives. A neighbor recalled seeing Alissa’s body in the predawn light next to an abandoned child’s mattress on the curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A row of mourning family members, from teens to older males, sit inside a church. One bows their head with a sad expression as they listen to speakers during a funeral service for their loved ones who've died.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family and friends of Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz listen to speakers during the funeral service. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In surveillance video shown at a police press conference, Alissa is seen running from the house with Nycholas in her arms. She drops him on the other side of a fence before hoisting herself over a chain-link gate. One of the two gunmen follows her, a rifle in his hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nycholas, who was in foster care for most of his life, had been reunited with Alissa just three days earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of Alissa’s other family members also died in the shooting, including her grandmother, Jennifer Analla; great-grandmother, Rosa Parraz; great-uncle, Eladio Parraz Jr.; and cousin, Marcos Parraz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement were familiar with the Harvest Avenue house, Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux told reporters. Deputies executed a search warrant there on Jan. 3. According to Boudreaux, at least two people in the family were Sureño gang members. He said both gunmen were members of the rival Norteño gang and had targeted the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noah Beard, 25, of Visalia, and Angel Uriarte, 35, of Goshen, were arrested and charged with six counts of murder with special circumstances, among other charges. Both pleaded not guilty.[aside postID=news_11947532 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/GettyImages-1252149086-1020x680.jpg']Valerie Gensel, Shayne’s mother, said no social worker or representative from the sheriff’s office called to notify Shayne of Nycholas’ death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not one cop,” she told KQED. “Nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare County Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Ashley Ritchie said detectives, who were focused on catching the killers, did not immediately know Nycholas’ identity or the identity of his father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months before the shooting, Gensel said, she had concerns about Alissa’s living situation and her grandfather, Martin Pena Parraz, who sometimes stayed at the Harvest Avenue property. Gensel said he had threatened Shayne’s father and verbally attacked Shayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff’s deputies conducting a parole compliance check on Parraz on Jan. 3 found his brother, Eladio Parraz Jr., at the house instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Martin and his brother Eladio Parraz are documented Sureño gang members in Tulare County,” a sheriff’s deputy wrote in a report reviewed by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to police, a search of a trailer on the property belonging to Parraz Jr. turned up an AR-style rifle with no serial number, a shotgun, a handgun, ammunition, methamphetamine, pipes for smoking meth, body armor and 10 bags of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948215\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man's hand holds a cell phone that displays a photo of himself with a teenage girl and her baby boy who clutches a baby blanket.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Lee Maupin Jr. displays a photo on his cellphone of one of the family’s only visits with his grandson, Nycholas Parraz, in late November 2022. \u003ccite>(Alex Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alissa and another minor, whose name in the report is redacted, were at the house at the time of the search. Deputies did not contact Child Welfare Services because, according to Ritchie, the drugs and guns were found in the trailer and not in the house, where the minors were. The trailer, one of two on the property, was a “completely different residence from where Alissa was living,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement is required to report suspected child abuse or neglect under the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/info_bulletins/2020-dle-17.pdf?\">Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act\u003c/a>. When asked about the search, Carrie Monteiro, public information officer for the Tulare County Health and Human Services Agency, which includes Child Welfare Services, pointed to the law. She declined to answer questions about the case, citing confidentiality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Jan. 13 juvenile court hearing, according to Gensel, a judge decided Nycholas would be returned to live with Alissa full-time in the house. In a March 7 Facebook post, Gensel wrote that Nycholas and Alissa were “failed badly” by law enforcement and the county’s child protection agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only if the judge [listened] to me my grandson would still be here and my son wouldn’t be heartbroken or lost like he is right now,” she wrote, referencing the Maupins’ desire for Shayne and Alissa to share custody of Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948252\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948252\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A memorial display set up for a teenage mother and her baby boy is pictured. Candles, photos and baby toys are a part of the memorial.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An altar set up in the corner of the Maupins’ living room displays photos of Alissa and Nycholas, baby toys and other mementos, on Feb. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alex Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the funeral on March 17, relatives, co-workers and friends of the Maupins gathered inside Faith Baptist Church in Alturas, a small town in the remote, high desert of upstate California where Alissa lived before moving to the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family wanted answers. Why were Nycholas and Alissa allowed to remain in a home known to law enforcement for gang activity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no reason to kill [Nycholas],” said Shayne’s grandfather Jim Lee Maupin Sr., who traveled to the service from Oklahoma, where the family has its roots in the Peoria Tribe. “He couldn’t have said a word about them. Even if they let him live, he ain’t going to be able to point them out.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Valerie Gensel, Shayne Maupin’s mother\"]‘Only if the judge [listened] to me my grandson would still be here and my son wouldn’t be heartbroken or lost like he is right now.’[/pullquote]Micki Witzel, Shayne’s great-aunt, was distraught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They really need answers to why this even happened,” she said through sobs. “They should never have put that baby back in that house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shooting, the Maupins said, they had been confronted by Alissa’s family. Some of Alissa’s relatives who live in Alturas appeared at the park where the Maupins were gathered on what would have been Nycholas’ first birthday. It was March 1, and the solemn balloon release was disrupted by revving engines and spinning tires, according to Gensel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It left her questioning how Alissa ended up in Goshen in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would have did anything for her if [Child Welfare Services] or the courts asked us if she could stay with us,” Gensel told KQED after the funeral. “We would have opened our arms and our doors to her. We would have gave her [the] life that she wanted and needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘She didn’t want to be there’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alturas is the seat of Modoc County in the northeastern corner of the state. Bordering Oregon and Nevada, Modoc is one of the state’s least populated counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At over 4,000 feet above sea level, Alturas and its desert brush and grazing livestock are covered by a fine snow in winter. Deer meander into yards with pristine views of the snow-capped Warner Mountains. “Where the West Still Lives” is the Alturas motto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948217\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948217\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1.jpg\" alt='A large, wooden sign in the middle of yellow grass and brush reads \"Welcome to Alturas: Where the West Still Lives.\" A snowy mountain range is seen in the background and a semi truck drives down a country road. Snow is melted on the ground and telephone poles dot the road.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A semi-truck drives past a sign advertising businesses in Alturas on March 17, 2023, with the Warner Mountains in the background. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Antonio’s Cucina Italiana, where Shayne once worked, a funeral program was tacked to a bulletin board. A former co-worker recalled Shayne frequently on the phone in the evenings talking about getting custody of Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in this town of 2,700 people that Shayne and Alissa met. They were introduced by Shayne’s younger brother. Shayne, who declined to be interviewed for this story, was 15 and Alissa had just turned 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after the funeral, Gensel fondly recalled memories of Alissa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She liked to play. She liked to dress up Shayne,” Gensel, a traveling certified nursing assistant, said of the girl she described as bright and shy. “They’d go to the park to walk. [They’d] have little snacks to take with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1710px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948290\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young couple walks in the snow holding hands with their backs toward the camera.\" width=\"1710\" height=\"1139\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut.jpg 1710w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1710px) 100vw, 1710px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shayne Maupin and Alissa Parraz walk through Alturas while holding hands in an undated photo. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Valerie Gensel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The memories flooded back to Gensel, 44, who spoke to KQED at a lodge near her home: Alissa and Shayne jumping on the trampoline in the snow, and Alissa nibbling on snacks “like a little bird” because she was too shy to eat in front of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa’s adolescence was marked by repeated shuffles among family members in Alturas and the Central Valley, 500 miles away. Police records reviewed by KQED show she had trouble at school: In October 2020, she and another female student fought. Alissa punched the other student several times, according to an incident report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had a sassy attitude. Her mom told me that I wouldn’t be able to handle her,” Gensel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa learned she was pregnant in the summer of 2021. Soon after, she moved to Tulare County to live with her father’s family, Gensel said. Exactly why remains unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gensel, Alissa’s mother, Shyla Pina, told her that the juvenile court system required Alissa to live with her grandparents after she spent time in juvenile detention for fighting with her younger sister while holding another sibling. But Gensel believes Pina, an Alturas resident, chose to send Alissa away after learning about the pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948291\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Deer in the country.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deer stands near downtown Alturas, on March 18, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She never wanted to go down there,” Gensel said. “That was her first words — ‘I don’t want to leave, I don’t want to go.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pina declined to be interviewed. When reached on Facebook, she ignored a reporter’s question seeking clarity about how Alissa came to live in Goshen with her grandparents. Instead, she wrote: “My daughter is very smart and loving yes she had her ups and down[s] with everything that has happened to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach other family members were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juvenile courts do send minors to live with family members in other counties in certain situations — for example, the court determining a minor is a danger to their family, or a minor’s living situation is unsafe, Modoc County Chief Probation Officer Stephen Svetich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we find that they need to be placed out of home, they could be placed anywhere else in the state,” Svetich said in a phone interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948269\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Brown and black cows are pictured on a snow-covered field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A herd of cattle in a snow-covered field near Alturas, on Feb. 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alex Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alissa had lived in Tulare County as a child. Documents obtained by KQED reveal that in September 2017, a Tulare County court issued a protective order barring contact between Alissa and her father, Martin Eulojio Parraz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 6, 2017, a police officer responding to a report of suspected child abuse at Freedom Elementary School in Farmersville, a small town east of Visalia, was told an 11-year-old female student in the sixth grade had come to school with scratches on her face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The student, identified in an arrest report only by her initials, “AP,” told police she lived with her father, Martin Eulojio Parraz, in nearby Woodlake. She said she had lived in a house that was frequently shot at, and that she was used to getting down on the floor and crawling to the back rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She did not know if her father was a gang member, and said he likes the color blue, has a tattoo on the back of his head with ‘CFM,’ and tattoos of a 1 and a 3 on each hand forming a 13,” an officer wrote in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The color blue and tattoos with the number 13 are common Sureño identifiers. The Sureños — or Southerners — are a network of street gangs that pledge loyalty to the Mexican Mafia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, “AP” said she saw her grandfather and father get arrested. She detailed physical abuse, including having her head slammed against a wall, being shoved into a closet and having chili rubbed in her mouth and eyes. She also told police she didn’t feel safe at home and hadn’t seen her mother in three years. Police and social workers immediately removed the student and her siblings from their father’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show Alissa’s father told police five months later he was a “Southerner” and a member of CFM, short for Crazy F—’ Mexicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Martin Eulojio Parraz was sentenced to almost 18 years in prison for child abuse, and charges stemming from his role in a gas station robbery. That same year, according to a Tulare County court judgment, Pina was granted custody of Alissa and her siblings; they moved to Alturas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Alissa was back in the Visalia area, living with her father’s side of the family, within about two years. Once again in Tulare County, she posted TikTok videos of herself lip-synching songs in a bedroom and choreographing dance moves with her cousin in a backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11948262 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial card for Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz hangs at Antonio’s Cucina Italiana in Alturas, on March 18, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shayne used the money he earned working at Antonio’s to buy bus tickets and pay for taxis so he could visit Alissa, and later Nycholas. Sometimes his parents drove him the 500 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa’s grandfather didn’t approve of her relationship with Shayne, and limited the time she could spend with him when he visited, Gensel said. According to Gensel, during one of the first visits, he verbally attacked Shayne because he was wearing the red hoodie he shared with Alissa, the one he later wore to her funeral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gensel said there was also tension between the families because she gave Alissa birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She always asked me to kidnap her or take her home with us,” Gensel said. “She didn’t want to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one visit, they circled the block while Alissa waved from the driveway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was scared to leave the yard,” Gensel said. “She was scared her grandfather was going to see her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Alissa’s aunt, Christina Castro, said Alissa had a special relationship with her grandfather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had the cutest way she would say ‘graanpaa,’” said Castro, the mother of Marcos Parraz, who was also killed in the shooting. “She was sweet, funny, beautiful, outspoken, confident and full of pride. She was all that and more, and proud to be a Parraz and a young mother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three days after Nycholas was born, Tulare County Child Welfare Services placed him in foster care. Boudreaux later told reporters Alissa wasn’t able to provide sufficient care. Alissa was allowed monthly, supervised visits until she was granted full custody on Jan. 13, he said.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Christina Castro, Alissa Parraz’s aunt\"]‘She was sweet, funny, beautiful, outspoken, confident and full of pride. She was all that and more, and proud to be a Parraz and a young mother.’[/pullquote]The Maupins said they wanted Nycholas to live with them half of the time in Modoc County, but attorneys for Nycholas and Alissa believed nine hours in a car every two weeks would be inappropriate for an infant. Gensel recalled the drive back to Modoc County after the hearing as “sickening, quiet, long.” In the car, the Maupins talked about how they planned to return to Tulare County the following week for their first overnight visit with Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they were killed before we got that chance,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alissa’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@alissaparraz/video/7188731502912474414?_r=1&_t=8b3qjPLhc66\">last TikTok post\u003c/a> on Jan. 14, the words, “Who would sit at your grave the longest?” appeared on the screen, followed by photos of Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning of Jan. 16, Shayne went to the lodge near the Maupins’ home where he could use the Wi-Fi, and tried calling Alissa. At the same time, a relative of Alissa’s came to the Maupins’ home and informed Shayne’s parents of the shooting. Gensel drove to the lodge and told Shayne to stop dialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no one on the other end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young man with short, brown hair and a red hoodie sits in a row among family inside a church where a funeral is being held for his partner and his baby who were killed in a mass shooting. His face is heartbroken.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shayne Maupin, the father of Nycholas, watches a slideshow of his late girlfriend, Alissa Parraz, and their child at Faith Baptist Church in Alturas, on March 17, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For him to look at me and say, ‘Why, Mom?’ — to have to tell him his family was murdered, to watch his soul walk out of him — hurt so bad,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to police records and Tulare County Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Ritchie, in the weeks leading up to the shooting, sheriff’s deputies and a parole officer had been to the house at least four times looking for Parraz, who had an active parole warrant. He was arrested hours after the mass shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 16, Parraz was indicted on federal charges of possession and intent to distribute methamphetamine and heroin and being a felon in possession of a firearm and ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re all lost’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Maupins live in a mobile home park on the edge of a reservoir about 15 minutes outside of Alturas. Aside from the lake, the nearby lodge and a few ranches, the neighborhood is surrounded by desert grass and open sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a day in late February, snow flurries fell on cars parked in the driveway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the Maupins had set up an altar in the corner of their living room. A poster showed photos of Alissa and Nycholas, and a guardian angel candle had been placed next to an urn decorated with an image of trees in the fall. There was also a homemade Father’s Day card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days earlier, Alissa’s family members had shown up at a house where Shayne was hanging out with a friend, Gensel said. After Alissa’s and Nycholas’ deaths, Shayne had been given half of their ashes, and Alissa’s family members were demanding his half. Shayne didn’t go outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa’s relatives didn’t attend the funeral that Gensel organized at Faith Baptist Church in Alturas. Gensel streamed the service on Facebook for family and others who couldn’t attend. The photo slideshow had a technical glitch and had to be restarted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish Alissas’s family could have been here today. But they’re not. It hurts,” Gensel said onstage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shayne asked Gensel to keep the flowers from the funeral alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He barely eats,” Gensel said. “He’s just lost. We’re all lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1478px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a memorial site where her loved ones were shot and killed. Votive candles, purple and red bouquets, balloons, and a wooden cross are all positioned on a dirt sidewalk in front of a chain link fence. The woman sits on an abandoned mattress as she stares solemnly at the display.\" width=\"1478\" height=\"1142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1.jpg 1478w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1478px) 100vw, 1478px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valerie Gensel visits a memorial at the site where Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz were shot and killed in Goshen, on April 6, 2023. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Valerie Gensel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, Jim Lee Maupin Jr., Gensel and their daughter stood where Alissa’s and Nycholas’ bodies were found. They cleared some of the dried grass and adjusted a small, leaning wooden cross so it stood upright. They added an Easter sign, photos and purple, blue, red and white artificial flowers next to the votive candles and bouquets that had dried in the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New cellophane balloons tied to the cross bobbed in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone that knew what was going on in that house is at fault because we all could have came together and fought for them,” Gensel said. “But we all failed them. Just not the system, but all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In January, 16-year-old Alissa Parraz and her 10-month-old son, Nycholas, were slain in a gang-related mass shooting in the Central Valley town of Goshen. Their family wants to know why the two were allowed to remain in a home known to law enforcement for gang activity.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1683159381,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":85,"wordCount":3718},"headData":{"title":"A Teen Mother and Her Baby Were Murdered in a Gang-Related Shooting. Their Family Wants Answers | KQED","description":"In January, 16-year-old Alissa Parraz and her 10-month-old son, Nycholas, were slain in a gang-related mass shooting in the Central Valley town of Goshen. Their family wants to know why the two were allowed to remain in a home known to law enforcement for gang activity.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A Teen Mother and Her Baby Were Murdered in a Gang-Related Shooting. Their Family Wants Answers","datePublished":"2023-05-03T13:00:39.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-04T00:16:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11948187/california-teen-mother-baby-murdered-gang-related-mass-shooting","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hayne Maupin sat in the front row of the church staring stoically at the projector screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of his girlfriend, Alissa Parraz, and their infant son, Nycholas, ticked by: Nycholas playing in a laundry basket, looking up at the camera; Nycholas tucked into his car seat; and Shayne holding hands with Alissa in the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shayne, 18, wiped his eyes with the sleeve of a red hoodie he had shared with Alissa. He didn’t know their time together as a family would be so brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue, orange and yellow flowers were arranged on the altar next to a framed photo of Alissa holding Nycholas. Also on the altar: an urn, and plastic children’s toys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Lee Maupin Jr., Shayne’s father, rubbed his son’s head to comfort him before walking onstage to address the funeral audience. He was struggling, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m grateful that my son had fell in love,” he said through tears. “I just wish it would have lasted longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948234\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948234\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man at a podium inside a church memorial service speaks with a projected photo of a young couple and their baby behind him.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64895_105_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Lee Maupin Jr., father of Shayne Maupin, speaks during the funeral service for Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alissa, 16, and 10-month-old Nycholas were slain Jan. 16 in a mass shooting in Goshen, an unincorporated community bisected by railroad tracks along Highway 99 west of Visalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first of 13 days of gun violence that rocked California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101891960/monterey-park-reeling-after-lunar-new-year-massacre\">In Monterey Park\u003c/a>, 11 people died at a dance studio on Jan. 21; the suspected gunman also died, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. On Jan. 23, seven people were gunned down at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11939064/at-least-7-killed-in-half-moon-bay-shooting\">two Half Moon Bay farms\u003c/a>. In Goshen, the violence and concerns about possible cartel involvement shocked neighbors into silence, fearful of retaliation. Almost four months later, loved ones of the victims are still trying to piece together what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers responding to a 911 call on the morning of Jan. 16 immediately found the bodies of Alissa and Nycholas in the street in front of the house where she lived with family. Both were shot in the back of the head, and were the last to be killed in a massacre that claimed six lives. A neighbor recalled seeing Alissa’s body in the predawn light next to an abandoned child’s mattress on the curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A row of mourning family members, from teens to older males, sit inside a church. One bows their head with a sad expression as they listen to speakers during a funeral service for their loved ones who've died.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64362_059_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family and friends of Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz listen to speakers during the funeral service. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In surveillance video shown at a police press conference, Alissa is seen running from the house with Nycholas in her arms. She drops him on the other side of a fence before hoisting herself over a chain-link gate. One of the two gunmen follows her, a rifle in his hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nycholas, who was in foster care for most of his life, had been reunited with Alissa just three days earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of Alissa’s other family members also died in the shooting, including her grandmother, Jennifer Analla; great-grandmother, Rosa Parraz; great-uncle, Eladio Parraz Jr.; and cousin, Marcos Parraz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement were familiar with the Harvest Avenue house, Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux told reporters. Deputies executed a search warrant there on Jan. 3. According to Boudreaux, at least two people in the family were Sureño gang members. He said both gunmen were members of the rival Norteño gang and had targeted the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noah Beard, 25, of Visalia, and Angel Uriarte, 35, of Goshen, were arrested and charged with six counts of murder with special circumstances, among other charges. Both pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11947532","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/GettyImages-1252149086-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Valerie Gensel, Shayne’s mother, said no social worker or representative from the sheriff’s office called to notify Shayne of Nycholas’ death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not one cop,” she told KQED. “Nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare County Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Ashley Ritchie said detectives, who were focused on catching the killers, did not immediately know Nycholas’ identity or the identity of his father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months before the shooting, Gensel said, she had concerns about Alissa’s living situation and her grandfather, Martin Pena Parraz, who sometimes stayed at the Harvest Avenue property. Gensel said he had threatened Shayne’s father and verbally attacked Shayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff’s deputies conducting a parole compliance check on Parraz on Jan. 3 found his brother, Eladio Parraz Jr., at the house instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Martin and his brother Eladio Parraz are documented Sureño gang members in Tulare County,” a sheriff’s deputy wrote in a report reviewed by KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to police, a search of a trailer on the property belonging to Parraz Jr. turned up an AR-style rifle with no serial number, a shotgun, a handgun, ammunition, methamphetamine, pipes for smoking meth, body armor and 10 bags of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948215\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man's hand holds a cell phone that displays a photo of himself with a teenage girl and her baby boy who clutches a baby blanket.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64482_004_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Lee Maupin Jr. displays a photo on his cellphone of one of the family’s only visits with his grandson, Nycholas Parraz, in late November 2022. \u003ccite>(Alex Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alissa and another minor, whose name in the report is redacted, were at the house at the time of the search. Deputies did not contact Child Welfare Services because, according to Ritchie, the drugs and guns were found in the trailer and not in the house, where the minors were. The trailer, one of two on the property, was a “completely different residence from where Alissa was living,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement is required to report suspected child abuse or neglect under the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/info_bulletins/2020-dle-17.pdf?\">Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act\u003c/a>. When asked about the search, Carrie Monteiro, public information officer for the Tulare County Health and Human Services Agency, which includes Child Welfare Services, pointed to the law. She declined to answer questions about the case, citing confidentiality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Jan. 13 juvenile court hearing, according to Gensel, a judge decided Nycholas would be returned to live with Alissa full-time in the house. In a March 7 Facebook post, Gensel wrote that Nycholas and Alissa were “failed badly” by law enforcement and the county’s child protection agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only if the judge [listened] to me my grandson would still be here and my son wouldn’t be heartbroken or lost like he is right now,” she wrote, referencing the Maupins’ desire for Shayne and Alissa to share custody of Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948252\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948252\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A memorial display set up for a teenage mother and her baby boy is pictured. Candles, photos and baby toys are a part of the memorial.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64483_006_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An altar set up in the corner of the Maupins’ living room displays photos of Alissa and Nycholas, baby toys and other mementos, on Feb. 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alex Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the funeral on March 17, relatives, co-workers and friends of the Maupins gathered inside Faith Baptist Church in Alturas, a small town in the remote, high desert of upstate California where Alissa lived before moving to the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family wanted answers. Why were Nycholas and Alissa allowed to remain in a home known to law enforcement for gang activity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no reason to kill [Nycholas],” said Shayne’s grandfather Jim Lee Maupin Sr., who traveled to the service from Oklahoma, where the family has its roots in the Peoria Tribe. “He couldn’t have said a word about them. Even if they let him live, he ain’t going to be able to point them out.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Only if the judge [listened] to me my grandson would still be here and my son wouldn’t be heartbroken or lost like he is right now.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Valerie Gensel, Shayne Maupin’s mother","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Micki Witzel, Shayne’s great-aunt, was distraught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They really need answers to why this even happened,” she said through sobs. “They should never have put that baby back in that house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shooting, the Maupins said, they had been confronted by Alissa’s family. Some of Alissa’s relatives who live in Alturas appeared at the park where the Maupins were gathered on what would have been Nycholas’ first birthday. It was March 1, and the solemn balloon release was disrupted by revving engines and spinning tires, according to Gensel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It left her questioning how Alissa ended up in Goshen in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would have did anything for her if [Child Welfare Services] or the courts asked us if she could stay with us,” Gensel told KQED after the funeral. “We would have opened our arms and our doors to her. We would have gave her [the] life that she wanted and needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘She didn’t want to be there’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alturas is the seat of Modoc County in the northeastern corner of the state. Bordering Oregon and Nevada, Modoc is one of the state’s least populated counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At over 4,000 feet above sea level, Alturas and its desert brush and grazing livestock are covered by a fine snow in winter. Deer meander into yards with pristine views of the snow-capped Warner Mountains. “Where the West Still Lives” is the Alturas motto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948217\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948217\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1.jpg\" alt='A large, wooden sign in the middle of yellow grass and brush reads \"Welcome to Alturas: Where the West Still Lives.\" A snowy mountain range is seen in the background and a semi truck drives down a country road. Snow is melted on the ground and telephone poles dot the road.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64317_006_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A semi-truck drives past a sign advertising businesses in Alturas on March 17, 2023, with the Warner Mountains in the background. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Antonio’s Cucina Italiana, where Shayne once worked, a funeral program was tacked to a bulletin board. A former co-worker recalled Shayne frequently on the phone in the evenings talking about getting custody of Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in this town of 2,700 people that Shayne and Alissa met. They were introduced by Shayne’s younger brother. Shayne, who declined to be interviewed for this story, was 15 and Alissa had just turned 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after the funeral, Gensel fondly recalled memories of Alissa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She liked to play. She liked to dress up Shayne,” Gensel, a traveling certified nursing assistant, said of the girl she described as bright and shy. “They’d go to the park to walk. [They’d] have little snacks to take with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1710px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948290\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young couple walks in the snow holding hands with their backs toward the camera.\" width=\"1710\" height=\"1139\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut.jpg 1710w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64891_003_CourtesyPhoto_ShayneAlissa_Undated-qut-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1710px) 100vw, 1710px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shayne Maupin and Alissa Parraz walk through Alturas while holding hands in an undated photo. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Valerie Gensel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The memories flooded back to Gensel, 44, who spoke to KQED at a lodge near her home: Alissa and Shayne jumping on the trampoline in the snow, and Alissa nibbling on snacks “like a little bird” because she was too shy to eat in front of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa’s adolescence was marked by repeated shuffles among family members in Alturas and the Central Valley, 500 miles away. Police records reviewed by KQED show she had trouble at school: In October 2020, she and another female student fought. Alissa punched the other student several times, according to an incident report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had a sassy attitude. Her mom told me that I wouldn’t be able to handle her,” Gensel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa learned she was pregnant in the summer of 2021. Soon after, she moved to Tulare County to live with her father’s family, Gensel said. Exactly why remains unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gensel, Alissa’s mother, Shyla Pina, told her that the juvenile court system required Alissa to live with her grandparents after she spent time in juvenile detention for fighting with her younger sister while holding another sibling. But Gensel believes Pina, an Alturas resident, chose to send Alissa away after learning about the pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948291\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Deer in the country.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64410_016_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deer stands near downtown Alturas, on March 18, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She never wanted to go down there,” Gensel said. “That was her first words — ‘I don’t want to leave, I don’t want to go.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pina declined to be interviewed. When reached on Facebook, she ignored a reporter’s question seeking clarity about how Alissa came to live in Goshen with her grandparents. Instead, she wrote: “My daughter is very smart and loving yes she had her ups and down[s] with everything that has happened to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach other family members were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juvenile courts do send minors to live with family members in other counties in certain situations — for example, the court determining a minor is a danger to their family, or a minor’s living situation is unsafe, Modoc County Chief Probation Officer Stephen Svetich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we find that they need to be placed out of home, they could be placed anywhere else in the state,” Svetich said in a phone interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948269\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Brown and black cows are pictured on a snow-covered field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64419_007_KQED_AlexHall_AlturasCalifornia_02222023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A herd of cattle in a snow-covered field near Alturas, on Feb. 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alex Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alissa had lived in Tulare County as a child. Documents obtained by KQED reveal that in September 2017, a Tulare County court issued a protective order barring contact between Alissa and her father, Martin Eulojio Parraz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 6, 2017, a police officer responding to a report of suspected child abuse at Freedom Elementary School in Farmersville, a small town east of Visalia, was told an 11-year-old female student in the sixth grade had come to school with scratches on her face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The student, identified in an arrest report only by her initials, “AP,” told police she lived with her father, Martin Eulojio Parraz, in nearby Woodlake. She said she had lived in a house that was frequently shot at, and that she was used to getting down on the floor and crawling to the back rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She did not know if her father was a gang member, and said he likes the color blue, has a tattoo on the back of his head with ‘CFM,’ and tattoos of a 1 and a 3 on each hand forming a 13,” an officer wrote in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The color blue and tattoos with the number 13 are common Sureño identifiers. The Sureños — or Southerners — are a network of street gangs that pledge loyalty to the Mexican Mafia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, “AP” said she saw her grandfather and father get arrested. She detailed physical abuse, including having her head slammed against a wall, being shoved into a closet and having chili rubbed in her mouth and eyes. She also told police she didn’t feel safe at home and hadn’t seen her mother in three years. Police and social workers immediately removed the student and her siblings from their father’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show Alissa’s father told police five months later he was a “Southerner” and a member of CFM, short for Crazy F—’ Mexicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Martin Eulojio Parraz was sentenced to almost 18 years in prison for child abuse, and charges stemming from his role in a gas station robbery. That same year, according to a Tulare County court judgment, Pina was granted custody of Alissa and her siblings; they moved to Alturas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Alissa was back in the Visalia area, living with her father’s side of the family, within about two years. Once again in Tulare County, she posted TikTok videos of herself lip-synching songs in a bedroom and choreographing dance moves with her cousin in a backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11948262 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64407_014_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03182023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial card for Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz hangs at Antonio’s Cucina Italiana in Alturas, on March 18, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shayne used the money he earned working at Antonio’s to buy bus tickets and pay for taxis so he could visit Alissa, and later Nycholas. Sometimes his parents drove him the 500 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa’s grandfather didn’t approve of her relationship with Shayne, and limited the time she could spend with him when he visited, Gensel said. According to Gensel, during one of the first visits, he verbally attacked Shayne because he was wearing the red hoodie he shared with Alissa, the one he later wore to her funeral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gensel said there was also tension between the families because she gave Alissa birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She always asked me to kidnap her or take her home with us,” Gensel said. “She didn’t want to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one visit, they circled the block while Alissa waved from the driveway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was scared to leave the yard,” Gensel said. “She was scared her grandfather was going to see her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Alissa’s aunt, Christina Castro, said Alissa had a special relationship with her grandfather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had the cutest way she would say ‘graanpaa,’” said Castro, the mother of Marcos Parraz, who was also killed in the shooting. “She was sweet, funny, beautiful, outspoken, confident and full of pride. She was all that and more, and proud to be a Parraz and a young mother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three days after Nycholas was born, Tulare County Child Welfare Services placed him in foster care. Boudreaux later told reporters Alissa wasn’t able to provide sufficient care. Alissa was allowed monthly, supervised visits until she was granted full custody on Jan. 13, he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘She was sweet, funny, beautiful, outspoken, confident and full of pride. She was all that and more, and proud to be a Parraz and a young mother.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Christina Castro, Alissa Parraz’s aunt","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Maupins said they wanted Nycholas to live with them half of the time in Modoc County, but attorneys for Nycholas and Alissa believed nine hours in a car every two weeks would be inappropriate for an infant. Gensel recalled the drive back to Modoc County after the hearing as “sickening, quiet, long.” In the car, the Maupins talked about how they planned to return to Tulare County the following week for their first overnight visit with Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they were killed before we got that chance,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Alissa’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@alissaparraz/video/7188731502912474414?_r=1&_t=8b3qjPLhc66\">last TikTok post\u003c/a> on Jan. 14, the words, “Who would sit at your grave the longest?” appeared on the screen, followed by photos of Nycholas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning of Jan. 16, Shayne went to the lodge near the Maupins’ home where he could use the Wi-Fi, and tried calling Alissa. At the same time, a relative of Alissa’s came to the Maupins’ home and informed Shayne’s parents of the shooting. Gensel drove to the lodge and told Shayne to stop dialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no one on the other end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young man with short, brown hair and a red hoodie sits in a row among family inside a church where a funeral is being held for his partner and his baby who were killed in a mass shooting. His face is heartbroken.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64357_050_KQED_AlturasCalifornia_03172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shayne Maupin, the father of Nycholas, watches a slideshow of his late girlfriend, Alissa Parraz, and their child at Faith Baptist Church in Alturas, on March 17, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For him to look at me and say, ‘Why, Mom?’ — to have to tell him his family was murdered, to watch his soul walk out of him — hurt so bad,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to police records and Tulare County Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Ritchie, in the weeks leading up to the shooting, sheriff’s deputies and a parole officer had been to the house at least four times looking for Parraz, who had an active parole warrant. He was arrested hours after the mass shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 16, Parraz was indicted on federal charges of possession and intent to distribute methamphetamine and heroin and being a felon in possession of a firearm and ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We’re all lost’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Maupins live in a mobile home park on the edge of a reservoir about 15 minutes outside of Alturas. Aside from the lake, the nearby lodge and a few ranches, the neighborhood is surrounded by desert grass and open sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a day in late February, snow flurries fell on cars parked in the driveway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the Maupins had set up an altar in the corner of their living room. A poster showed photos of Alissa and Nycholas, and a guardian angel candle had been placed next to an urn decorated with an image of trees in the fall. There was also a homemade Father’s Day card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days earlier, Alissa’s family members had shown up at a house where Shayne was hanging out with a friend, Gensel said. After Alissa’s and Nycholas’ deaths, Shayne had been given half of their ashes, and Alissa’s family members were demanding his half. Shayne didn’t go outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alissa’s relatives didn’t attend the funeral that Gensel organized at Faith Baptist Church in Alturas. Gensel streamed the service on Facebook for family and others who couldn’t attend. The photo slideshow had a technical glitch and had to be restarted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish Alissas’s family could have been here today. But they’re not. It hurts,” Gensel said onstage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shayne asked Gensel to keep the flowers from the funeral alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He barely eats,” Gensel said. “He’s just lost. We’re all lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11948216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1478px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11948216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a memorial site where her loved ones were shot and killed. Votive candles, purple and red bouquets, balloons, and a wooden cross are all positioned on a dirt sidewalk in front of a chain link fence. The woman sits on an abandoned mattress as she stares solemnly at the display.\" width=\"1478\" height=\"1142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1.jpg 1478w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS64434_002_image_ValerieGensel-qut-1-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1478px) 100vw, 1478px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valerie Gensel visits a memorial at the site where Alissa Parraz and Nycholas Parraz were shot and killed in Goshen, on April 6, 2023. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Valerie Gensel)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, Jim Lee Maupin Jr., Gensel and their daughter stood where Alissa’s and Nycholas’ bodies were found. They cleared some of the dried grass and adjusted a small, leaning wooden cross so it stood upright. They added an Easter sign, photos and purple, blue, red and white artificial flowers next to the votive candles and bouquets that had dried in the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New cellophane balloons tied to the cross bobbed in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone that knew what was going on in that house is at fault because we all could have came together and fought for them,” Gensel said. “But we all failed them. Just not the system, but all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11948187/california-teen-mother-baby-murdered-gang-related-mass-shooting","authors":["11490"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_32704","news_18538","news_311","news_17725","news_86","news_29927","news_18246","news_21721","news_18939","news_3885"],"featImg":"news_11948214","label":"news"},"news_11501557":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11501557","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11501557","score":null,"sort":[1497052742000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"diary-what-its-like-to-lobby-sacramento-as-a-14-year-old","title":"Diary: What It's Like to Lobby Sacramento as a 14-Year-Old","publishDate":1497052742,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeremiah Castillo, 14, recently visited the state Capitol for the first time to lobby his elected representatives as part of a youth advocacy summit. Jeremiah wanted to talk about something that’s really important to him: preventing kids from getting profiled as gang members. He kept an audio diary chronicling his trip for The California Report Magazine’s special show on Youth and Politics.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11501765\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11501765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremiah and other youth advocates in the office of Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia, getting ready to tell their stories. \u003ccite>(Tim Haydock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 1\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My name is Jeremiah Castillo. I'm 14 and I live in Merced with my mom and sister, Victoria. She’s 4.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My sister was only a few months old when my dad was arrested for evading the police. He \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">had been arrested before because the police thought he had a gun. When he got \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sent to Merced County Jail, kids at my school started making fun of me and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">picking on me because he got arrested. I began to have anxiety attacks and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that's when school started really getting hard.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I recently interviewed my dad in jail for an\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wecedyouth.org/2017/04/qa-hes-still-super-hero-interview-incarcerated-father/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> article I wrote\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for \u003ca href=\"http://www.wecedyouth.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">We’Ced\u003c/a>, Merced’s youth voice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend I will be taking a bus to Sacramento for a youth advocacy summit. It’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://freeourdreams.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Free Our Dreams.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> About 200 young people from all over California will \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">come together to learn how to advocate for ourselves and talk to our \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">elected officials. The one thing I want my elected officials to hear is how hard \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">it is for kids like me who are unfairly treated and targeted in school because \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">people think we’re gang members, even though I've always avoided gangs \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and stayed out of trouble. I don't even dress like a gang member.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11501766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11501766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremiah with his sister, Victoria, and his mom, also named Victoria. \u003ccite>(Tim Haydock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 2\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I got picked up in Merced by a bus with people from Fresno on it. The bus ride wasn’t \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">too long. I met a couple of new people and listened to my music. When we got to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the hotel I checked into my room and met my roommate, Max.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After that we went to dinner and that’s when I realized how many people are here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m home-schooled, so I’m not used to meeting new people, so I’m trying to get out of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">my comfort zone and meet new people. I had to, because the first meeting was \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">full of games to get us to meet people we don’t know.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 3\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today was a full schedule. I went to three workshops and learned how a bill becomes a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">law. We also broke into teams to prep for our visits. We kept practicing our \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">stories with each other.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After dinner, we practiced for our march and rally.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We also had a party with spoken word performers and art-making. One of the performers \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was named King and his last poem was so good. It reminded me of how tough it \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was to grow up in my neighborhood and stay out of trouble. It really touched me \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that he went through something similar in Sacramento that I went through in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Merced.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11501767\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11501767\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremiah with his 4-year-old sister, Victoria. \u003ccite>(Tim Haydock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 4\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We met up at the Capitol Park before telling our stories to legislators. I felt \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">lightweight, nervous, but I felt fully prepared. I memorized what I was going to say.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we went to talk to our representative, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://a21.asmdc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adam Gray\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the staffer we had an appointment with was out of office and no one seemed to know\u003c/span> we were coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Soon, another staff member came to meet with us and welcomed us back into Rep. Gray’s\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> office. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We all introduced ourselves and then I told my story: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m 14 years old and I'm here to speak on behalf of my father, Richard Castillo, who is incarcerated in the Merced County jail. And I know that he's on the Cal Gangs database and I'm afraid that I’m on the list as well. Because last year in 7th grade I felt I was targeted by my vice principal, who was an ex-police officer, who was giving me detentions for raising my hand or dropping my pencil or asking a question or using the restroom. Basic stuff. And a detention turned into a referral and then into a home suspension. So I want to ask for Assembly member Gray to support AB 90 and SB 607.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">AB 90\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a bill that would stop the Cal Gangs database, which keeps track of gang members and potential gang members for police. But I think [it] leads to [the] profiling of young people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This second bill,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> SB 607,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> would end suspensions for willful defiance. I think teachers use willful defiance to describe certain behavior they don't like. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I told all of this to the staff member, and the other kids I'm with told their stories, too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The staff member told us he was proud of us and that stories like ours change people’s hearts and that’s what changes policy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I felt really proud of my group. But then he told us that the Assembly member has not looked into any of the bills I have talked about. And he told us that when it comes to public safety, they've already got some other priorities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before we left Sacramento, we tried another way to have our voices heard. We had a youth rally on the Capitol’s lawn\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for a safer California, a California where all young people are safe even if they're undocumented, LGBTQ, or if their dad is in jail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel a little energized and calm at the same time. I have energy built up. I’m going to go back to Merced and I’m just going to let it out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m going to keep on pushing on. Have my voice be heard. Making a better change for the other youth out there that haven’t spoken out. I am their voice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeremiah Castillo is a youth activist and a writer for \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.wecedyouth.org\">We’Ced Youth Media,\u003c/a> a project of New America Media's \u003ca href=\"http://youthwire.org/\">YouthWire\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> We’Ced equips young people with media skills in order to amplify their personal stories and the stories of their communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The father of 14-year-old Jeremiah Castillo is on the state's gang list, and he's afraid he's on it, too. He keeps a diary during his trip to Sacramento.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1497311232,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1129},"headData":{"title":"Diary: What It's Like to Lobby Sacramento as a 14-Year-Old | KQED","description":"The father of 14-year-old Jeremiah Castillo is on the state's gang list, and he's afraid he's on it, too. He keeps a diary during his trip to Sacramento.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Diary: What It's Like to Lobby Sacramento as a 14-Year-Old","datePublished":"2017-06-09T23:59:02.000Z","dateModified":"2017-06-12T23:47:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11501557 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11501557","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/09/diary-what-its-like-to-lobby-sacramento-as-a-14-year-old/","disqusTitle":"Diary: What It's Like to Lobby Sacramento as a 14-Year-Old","audioUrl":"http:www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/06/20170609ctcrmag.mp3","guestFields":"0","nprByline":"Jeremiah Castillo\u003cbr>\u003cstrong>We'Ced Youth Media\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11501557/diary-what-its-like-to-lobby-sacramento-as-a-14-year-old","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeremiah Castillo, 14, recently visited the state Capitol for the first time to lobby his elected representatives as part of a youth advocacy summit. Jeremiah wanted to talk about something that’s really important to him: preventing kids from getting profiled as gang members. He kept an audio diary chronicling his trip for The California Report Magazine’s special show on Youth and Politics.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11501765\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11501765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/jeremiah1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremiah and other youth advocates in the office of Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia, getting ready to tell their stories. \u003ccite>(Tim Haydock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 1\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My name is Jeremiah Castillo. I'm 14 and I live in Merced with my mom and sister, Victoria. She’s 4.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My sister was only a few months old when my dad was arrested for evading the police. He \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">had been arrested before because the police thought he had a gun. When he got \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sent to Merced County Jail, kids at my school started making fun of me and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">picking on me because he got arrested. I began to have anxiety attacks and \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that's when school started really getting hard.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I recently interviewed my dad in jail for an\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wecedyouth.org/2017/04/qa-hes-still-super-hero-interview-incarcerated-father/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> article I wrote\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for \u003ca href=\"http://www.wecedyouth.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">We’Ced\u003c/a>, Merced’s youth voice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend I will be taking a bus to Sacramento for a youth advocacy summit. It’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://freeourdreams.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Free Our Dreams.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> About 200 young people from all over California will \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">come together to learn how to advocate for ourselves and talk to our \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">elected officials. The one thing I want my elected officials to hear is how hard \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">it is for kids like me who are unfairly treated and targeted in school because \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">people think we’re gang members, even though I've always avoided gangs \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and stayed out of trouble. I don't even dress like a gang member.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11501766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11501766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah8-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremiah with his sister, Victoria, and his mom, also named Victoria. \u003ccite>(Tim Haydock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 2\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I got picked up in Merced by a bus with people from Fresno on it. The bus ride wasn’t \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">too long. I met a couple of new people and listened to my music. When we got to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the hotel I checked into my room and met my roommate, Max.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After that we went to dinner and that’s when I realized how many people are here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m home-schooled, so I’m not used to meeting new people, so I’m trying to get out of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">my comfort zone and meet new people. I had to, because the first meeting was \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">full of games to get us to meet people we don’t know.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 3\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today was a full schedule. I went to three workshops and learned how a bill becomes a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">law. We also broke into teams to prep for our visits. We kept practicing our \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">stories with each other.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After dinner, we practiced for our march and rally.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We also had a party with spoken word performers and art-making. One of the performers \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was named King and his last poem was so good. It reminded me of how tough it \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was to grow up in my neighborhood and stay out of trouble. It really touched me \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that he went through something similar in Sacramento that I went through in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Merced.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11501767\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11501767\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Jeremiah7-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremiah with his 4-year-old sister, Victoria. \u003ccite>(Tim Haydock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Day 4\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We met up at the Capitol Park before telling our stories to legislators. I felt \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">lightweight, nervous, but I felt fully prepared. I memorized what I was going to say.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we went to talk to our representative, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://a21.asmdc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adam Gray\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the staffer we had an appointment with was out of office and no one seemed to know\u003c/span> we were coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Soon, another staff member came to meet with us and welcomed us back into Rep. Gray’s\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> office. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We all introduced ourselves and then I told my story: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m 14 years old and I'm here to speak on behalf of my father, Richard Castillo, who is incarcerated in the Merced County jail. And I know that he's on the Cal Gangs database and I'm afraid that I’m on the list as well. Because last year in 7th grade I felt I was targeted by my vice principal, who was an ex-police officer, who was giving me detentions for raising my hand or dropping my pencil or asking a question or using the restroom. Basic stuff. And a detention turned into a referral and then into a home suspension. So I want to ask for Assembly member Gray to support AB 90 and SB 607.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">AB 90\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a bill that would stop the Cal Gangs database, which keeps track of gang members and potential gang members for police. But I think [it] leads to [the] profiling of young people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This second bill,\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> SB 607,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> would end suspensions for willful defiance. I think teachers use willful defiance to describe certain behavior they don't like. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I told all of this to the staff member, and the other kids I'm with told their stories, too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The staff member told us he was proud of us and that stories like ours change people’s hearts and that’s what changes policy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I felt really proud of my group. But then he told us that the Assembly member has not looked into any of the bills I have talked about. And he told us that when it comes to public safety, they've already got some other priorities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before we left Sacramento, we tried another way to have our voices heard. We had a youth rally on the Capitol’s lawn\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for a safer California, a California where all young people are safe even if they're undocumented, LGBTQ, or if their dad is in jail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel a little energized and calm at the same time. I have energy built up. I’m going to go back to Merced and I’m just going to let it out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m going to keep on pushing on. Have my voice be heard. Making a better change for the other youth out there that haven’t spoken out. I am their voice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeremiah Castillo is a youth activist and a writer for \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.wecedyouth.org\">We’Ced Youth Media,\u003c/a> a project of New America Media's \u003ca href=\"http://youthwire.org/\">YouthWire\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> We’Ced equips young people with media skills in order to amplify their personal stories and the stories of their communities. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11501557/diary-what-its-like-to-lobby-sacramento-as-a-14-year-old","authors":["byline_news_11501557"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_86","news_17286","news_98"],"featImg":"news_11501741","label":"news_72"},"news_10927823":{"type":"posts","id":"news_10927823","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"10927823","score":null,"sort":[1460876722000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-bernardino-struggles-to-remain-sb-strong-in-the-face-of-rising-violence","title":"San Bernardino Struggles to Remain 'SB Strong' in the Face of Rising Violence","publishDate":1460876722,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>All eyes fell on San Bernardino after 14 people were gunned down in a terrorist attack more than four months ago. Media flocked in from across the globe. Mourners filled a baseball stadium. Elected leaders expressed their sorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were white and black, Latino and Asian, immigrants and American-born,” said President Obama in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piwmmeMPpaA\">address to the nation \u003c/a>on Dec. 6. “And all of them were part of our American family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since the attack there’s been much less attention given to 17 other people who have been slain on the streets of San Bernardino in the first three months of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s more than double the number of people murdered in San Bernardino in the first three months of 2015. It’s a torrid pace for a city of just over 200,000 people, and one that could make 2016 one of the bloodiest years in recent memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317120\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of the victims may not be as well-known as those murdered by Islamic extremists on Dec. 2. But most were killed in a similar manner, gunned down, in many cases by unknown assailants who are still on the loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When about 75 people gathered to pray on the lawn of New Hope Missionary Baptist Church in San Bernardino and recite the names of those murdered so far this year, the death toll was up to 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930476\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SBmurdermap-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of San Bernardino 2016 homicide map. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930476\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SBmurdermap.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SBmurdermap-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of San Bernardino 2016 homicide map. \u003ccite>(San Bernardino Police Dept.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the latest was Jason Spears, a 12-year-old boy cut down in a drive-by shooting outside a Circle K market. A 14-year-old cousin was wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was able to play in my front yard and on my street when I was a kid, and my kids don’t have that opportunity now,” says Keesha McGee, who was among those who attended the interfaith vigil and march sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.icucpico.org/\">Inland Congregations United for Change\u003c/a>. “So I would like to give them that opportunity, so that's the reason why I'm here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino can feel a bit like a shellshocked community these days. And not just because of the bloodshed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is still struggling to emerge from bankruptcy. That’s why streetlights go dim at night, why parks go unmowed and why cops take private donations to help pay for new equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the terrorist attack that killed 14 people, there was a sense of unity. \"San Bernardino Strong\" became the adopted slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10927861\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10927861\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Advertisement for an April 15th fundraiser sponsored by the Inland Empire 66ers minor league baseball team. The city adopted the San Bernardino Strong slogan in the aftermath of the deadly terrorist mass shooting in December\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advertisement for an April 15 fundraiser sponsored by the Inland Empire 66ers minor league baseball team. The city adopted the San Bernardino Strong slogan in the aftermath of the deadly terrorist mass shooting in December \u003ccite>(Inland Empire 66ers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/authorities-release-names-of-the-14-people-killed-in-san-bernardino-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">Dec. 2\u003c/a> came that was a terrible thing, but the community came together and it wasn't people fighting the police,” says state Assemblywoman Cheryl Brown, who represents San Bernardino. She worries that resolve is slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was thanking (the police) for what they did, so that there was no more death, no more carnage,” says Brown. “So I'd love to see us get back to that. I’m so sad about all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's always the factors of poverty and lack of opportunity for people,” says Sergio Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna is organizing a series of citywide anti-violence events in coordination with Inland Congregations United for Change. Luna says ICUC plans to sponsor regular rallies and community meetings revolving around the issue of street violence, gang intervention and the city’s response -- or lack of response, as Luna sees it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that we are (just) focused on the suppression piece,” says Luna. “That having more police will make us feel safer. When in reality they are just the first responders when something happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"The Rev. Norman Copeland of St. Paul A.M.E Church in San Bernardino speaks to residents gathered for a peace vigil and march.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930473\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-800x562.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-400x281.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-1180x829.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-960x675.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Norman Copeland of St. Paul A.M.E Church in San Bernardino speaks to residents gathered for a peace vigil and march. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luna wants the city to adopt a more holistic approach. He points to \u003ca href=\"http://www.stocktongov.com/government/departments/manager/vpCeasefire.html\">Operation Ceasefire \u003c/a>programs in the cities of Richmond and Stockton that supporters say have helped curb violence with more than just policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They're talking about buying shotgun-proof vests for our police department,” says Luna. “How would that have saved the 12-year-old that just got killed? Or would it maybe be better for us to actually work with individuals involved in the violence to begin with?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"iAf4KIT8C8h9HPbQYOcblYsuxuOGQ9hK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago under a different mayor and administration, San Bernardino launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlc.org/documents/Utility%20Navigation/About%20NLC/Awards/City%20Showcase%202011/showcase-operation-phoenix-san-bernardino-ca-dec11.pdf\">Operation Phoenix\u003c/a>. It offered an array of programs to help draw kids away from gangs and other trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters also approved Measure Z, a sales tax designed to help pay for those programs. Revenue was primarily used to hire more cops and to beef up street patrols and community outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the launch of Operation Phoenix the number of homicides dropped significantly in San Bernardino. Then the housing market imploded. The local economy went down with it. In 2011 the city filed for bankruptcy protection. Operation Phoenix was grounded. All city departments were slashed to the bone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went from having 350 cops to where we’re down to like 220, 230 right now,” says San Bernardino police Lt Rich Lawhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure Z is still generating millions in revenue each year. Virtually every dime now is going to the cops, around $7 million in the last fiscal year alone. But the city is still spending less on policing now than it was 10 years ago -- about $17 million less than in fiscal year 2009-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10927866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10927866\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"About 100 people recently marched from one house of worship to the next in San Bernardino to call for an end to a rash of gun violence across the city. \" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-400x260.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-960x624.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 100 people recently marched from one house of worship to the next in San Bernardino to call for an end to a rash of gun violence across the city. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The thing that has taken the biggest hit is our proactive resources,” explains Lawhead. “We don't have a whole bunch of officers going out trying to make inroads with the community. I used to have 16 officers assigned to that, now I have four. Officers not just rolling out on 911 calls but actually trying to catch trouble before it gets out of control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the floors of the state Assembly and Senate last month, San Bernardino’s chief of police and other first responders were honored for their courage on the day of last year’s mass shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s a bipartisan effort in Congress to help cities like San Bernardino recoup the cost of major emergencies like the December terrorist attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s been little tangible offered in the way of state or federal funding to beef up day-to-day policing in San Bernardino or expand diversion programs for at-risk youth. Assemblywoman Brown does say a state public safety committee will soon meet to discuss crime and public safety in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10927868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10927868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Rev Bronica Martin Taylor (center), at a recent peace march and vigil in San Bernardino, is calling on the city to do more to address a spike in street violence. \" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-400x260.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-1180x768.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-960x625.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Bronica Martin Taylor (center), at a recent peace march and vigil in San Bernardino, is calling on the city to do more to address a spike in street violence. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“To put a laser focus on what is happening here, and then we can look at what resources we might be able to get in our budget this year,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t just keep meeting to meet. Let’s do what we need to do in order to make the change,” adds the Rev. Bronica Martin Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor heads the citizen oversight committee that offers recommendations for how San Bernardino’s Measure Z tax revenue should be spent. But given the city’s shaky finances, it’s been tough to convince city leaders to divert some of that money away from a resources and cash-strapped police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to continue to fund our police department,” insists Taylor. “But how do we fund intervention and prevention programs as well? How are our city leaders going to come together for those programs to be provided? That is the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Bernardino City Council did agree last year to increase the police budget by around $50 million over the next five years and bring staffing back to pre-bankruptcy levels. But even with that go-ahead, Lawhead says, it remains a challenge to retain officers and recruit qualified new officers to the struggling city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But December’s horrific terrorist attack did at least spur a local effort to aid the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the San Bernardino Police Foundation formed an alliance with area businesses with the aim of raising some $300,000 to purchase new weaponry and protective vests.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Seventeen people have been slain on the city's streets in the first three months of this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1460770688,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1530},"headData":{"title":"San Bernardino Struggles to Remain 'SB Strong' in the Face of Rising Violence | KQED","description":"Seventeen people have been slain on the city's streets in the first three months of this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"San Bernardino Struggles to Remain 'SB Strong' in the Face of Rising Violence","datePublished":"2016-04-17T07:05:22.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-16T01:38:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"10927823 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10927823","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/17/san-bernardino-struggles-to-remain-sb-strong-in-the-face-of-rising-violence/","disqusTitle":"San Bernardino Struggles to Remain 'SB Strong' in the Face of Rising Violence","path":"/news/10927823/san-bernardino-struggles-to-remain-sb-strong-in-the-face-of-rising-violence","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>All eyes fell on San Bernardino after 14 people were gunned down in a terrorist attack more than four months ago. Media flocked in from across the globe. Mourners filled a baseball stadium. Elected leaders expressed their sorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were white and black, Latino and Asian, immigrants and American-born,” said President Obama in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piwmmeMPpaA\">address to the nation \u003c/a>on Dec. 6. “And all of them were part of our American family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since the attack there’s been much less attention given to 17 other people who have been slain on the streets of San Bernardino in the first three months of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s more than double the number of people murdered in San Bernardino in the first three months of 2015. It’s a torrid pace for a city of just over 200,000 people, and one that could make 2016 one of the bloodiest years in recent memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317120&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/259317120'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of the victims may not be as well-known as those murdered by Islamic extremists on Dec. 2. But most were killed in a similar manner, gunned down, in many cases by unknown assailants who are still on the loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When about 75 people gathered to pray on the lawn of New Hope Missionary Baptist Church in San Bernardino and recite the names of those murdered so far this year, the death toll was up to 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930476\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SBmurdermap-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of San Bernardino 2016 homicide map. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930476\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SBmurdermap.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SBmurdermap-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of San Bernardino 2016 homicide map. \u003ccite>(San Bernardino Police Dept.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the latest was Jason Spears, a 12-year-old boy cut down in a drive-by shooting outside a Circle K market. A 14-year-old cousin was wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was able to play in my front yard and on my street when I was a kid, and my kids don’t have that opportunity now,” says Keesha McGee, who was among those who attended the interfaith vigil and march sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.icucpico.org/\">Inland Congregations United for Change\u003c/a>. “So I would like to give them that opportunity, so that's the reason why I'm here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino can feel a bit like a shellshocked community these days. And not just because of the bloodshed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is still struggling to emerge from bankruptcy. That’s why streetlights go dim at night, why parks go unmowed and why cops take private donations to help pay for new equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the terrorist attack that killed 14 people, there was a sense of unity. \"San Bernardino Strong\" became the adopted slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10927861\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10927861\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Advertisement for an April 15th fundraiser sponsored by the Inland Empire 66ers minor league baseball team. The city adopted the San Bernardino Strong slogan in the aftermath of the deadly terrorist mass shooting in December\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-SB-strong-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advertisement for an April 15 fundraiser sponsored by the Inland Empire 66ers minor league baseball team. The city adopted the San Bernardino Strong slogan in the aftermath of the deadly terrorist mass shooting in December \u003ccite>(Inland Empire 66ers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/authorities-release-names-of-the-14-people-killed-in-san-bernardino-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">Dec. 2\u003c/a> came that was a terrible thing, but the community came together and it wasn't people fighting the police,” says state Assemblywoman Cheryl Brown, who represents San Bernardino. She worries that resolve is slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was thanking (the police) for what they did, so that there was no more death, no more carnage,” says Brown. “So I'd love to see us get back to that. I’m so sad about all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's always the factors of poverty and lack of opportunity for people,” says Sergio Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna is organizing a series of citywide anti-violence events in coordination with Inland Congregations United for Change. Luna says ICUC plans to sponsor regular rallies and community meetings revolving around the issue of street violence, gang intervention and the city’s response -- or lack of response, as Luna sees it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that we are (just) focused on the suppression piece,” says Luna. “That having more police will make us feel safer. When in reality they are just the first responders when something happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10930473\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"The Rev. Norman Copeland of St. Paul A.M.E Church in San Bernardino speaks to residents gathered for a peace vigil and march.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10930473\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-800x562.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-400x281.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-1180x829.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RevCopeland-960x675.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Norman Copeland of St. Paul A.M.E Church in San Bernardino speaks to residents gathered for a peace vigil and march. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luna wants the city to adopt a more holistic approach. He points to \u003ca href=\"http://www.stocktongov.com/government/departments/manager/vpCeasefire.html\">Operation Ceasefire \u003c/a>programs in the cities of Richmond and Stockton that supporters say have helped curb violence with more than just policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They're talking about buying shotgun-proof vests for our police department,” says Luna. “How would that have saved the 12-year-old that just got killed? Or would it maybe be better for us to actually work with individuals involved in the violence to begin with?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago under a different mayor and administration, San Bernardino launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlc.org/documents/Utility%20Navigation/About%20NLC/Awards/City%20Showcase%202011/showcase-operation-phoenix-san-bernardino-ca-dec11.pdf\">Operation Phoenix\u003c/a>. It offered an array of programs to help draw kids away from gangs and other trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters also approved Measure Z, a sales tax designed to help pay for those programs. Revenue was primarily used to hire more cops and to beef up street patrols and community outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the launch of Operation Phoenix the number of homicides dropped significantly in San Bernardino. Then the housing market imploded. The local economy went down with it. In 2011 the city filed for bankruptcy protection. Operation Phoenix was grounded. All city departments were slashed to the bone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went from having 350 cops to where we’re down to like 220, 230 right now,” says San Bernardino police Lt Rich Lawhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure Z is still generating millions in revenue each year. Virtually every dime now is going to the cops, around $7 million in the last fiscal year alone. But the city is still spending less on policing now than it was 10 years ago -- about $17 million less than in fiscal year 2009-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10927866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10927866\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"About 100 people recently marched from one house of worship to the next in San Bernardino to call for an end to a rash of gun violence across the city. \" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-400x260.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-hands-960x624.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 100 people recently marched from one house of worship to the next in San Bernardino to call for an end to a rash of gun violence across the city. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The thing that has taken the biggest hit is our proactive resources,” explains Lawhead. “We don't have a whole bunch of officers going out trying to make inroads with the community. I used to have 16 officers assigned to that, now I have four. Officers not just rolling out on 911 calls but actually trying to catch trouble before it gets out of control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the floors of the state Assembly and Senate last month, San Bernardino’s chief of police and other first responders were honored for their courage on the day of last year’s mass shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s a bipartisan effort in Congress to help cities like San Bernardino recoup the cost of major emergencies like the December terrorist attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s been little tangible offered in the way of state or federal funding to beef up day-to-day policing in San Bernardino or expand diversion programs for at-risk youth. Assemblywoman Brown does say a state public safety committee will soon meet to discuss crime and public safety in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10927868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10927868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Rev Bronica Martin Taylor (center), at a recent peace march and vigil in San Bernardino, is calling on the city to do more to address a spike in street violence. \" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-400x260.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-1180x768.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/SB-Bronica-960x625.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rev. Bronica Martin Taylor (center), at a recent peace march and vigil in San Bernardino, is calling on the city to do more to address a spike in street violence. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“To put a laser focus on what is happening here, and then we can look at what resources we might be able to get in our budget this year,” says Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t just keep meeting to meet. Let’s do what we need to do in order to make the change,” adds the Rev. Bronica Martin Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor heads the citizen oversight committee that offers recommendations for how San Bernardino’s Measure Z tax revenue should be spent. But given the city’s shaky finances, it’s been tough to convince city leaders to divert some of that money away from a resources and cash-strapped police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to continue to fund our police department,” insists Taylor. “But how do we fund intervention and prevention programs as well? How are our city leaders going to come together for those programs to be provided? That is the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Bernardino City Council did agree last year to increase the police budget by around $50 million over the next five years and bring staffing back to pre-bankruptcy levels. But even with that go-ahead, Lawhead says, it remains a challenge to retain officers and recruit qualified new officers to the struggling city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But December’s horrific terrorist attack did at least spur a local effort to aid the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the San Bernardino Police Foundation formed an alliance with area businesses with the aim of raising some $300,000 to purchase new weaponry and protective vests.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/10927823/san-bernardino-struggles-to-remain-sb-strong-in-the-face-of-rising-violence","authors":["2600"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_86","news_18246","news_2717","news_17286","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_10930432","label":"news_72"},"news_139166":{"type":"posts","id":"news_139166","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"139166","score":null,"sort":[1403017231000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"east-palo-alto-struggles-to-curb-gang-violence","title":"East Palo Alto Struggles to Curb Gang Violence","publishDate":1403017231,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Priced Out | News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Marianne LeVine,\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/2014/06/11/east-palo-alto-gang-crime/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/EPA-gangs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-139170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/EPA-gangs.jpg\" alt=\"Angel Santuario is an organizer for Peninsula Interfaith Action working to stop gang violence. (Marianne LeVine/Peninsula Press)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angel Santuario is an organizer for Peninsula Interfaith Action working to stop gang violence. (Marianne LeVine/Peninsula Press)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least five people shot around the Bay Area in recent years have been traced by gang investigators to turf feuds and drug vendettas in East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It began on a bright Sunday afternoon in late September 2012. Armed with two handguns, a trio of young men drove a silver Toyota 4Runner up Highway 101. Near a Belmont neighborhood off the Holly Street exit, they spotted their rival, Chariece Chew, in a Dodge Charger. At least a dozen shots were fired as the vehicle carrying Chew, its doors pierced by bullets, screeched onto the freeway, swerving through lanes before crashing into a construction fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chew survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, Christopher Baker, 21, was shot several times and bled to death on Terra Villa Street in East Palo Alto. Two nights after that, four young men with handguns waited for Stoney Gipson outside the Impala nightclub in San Francisco. The 27-year-old’s lifeless body was found in the early-morning darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies were clear on a Monday afternoon in January 2013 when bullets hailed on Illinois Street in East Palo Alto, killing 24-year-old Jonathan Alcazar. On a Saturday evening two weeks later, 21-year-old Lamont Coleman died of gunshot wounds on the city’s Capitol Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attempted murder of Chew and the killings of Baker, Gipson, Alcazar and Coleman led the San Mateo County District Attorney's Office to launch an 18-month investigation that officials consider the county’s most extensive crackdown on gang activity. Investigators nicknamed their operation “Sunny Day,” a reference to the code words that gang members occasionally used to signal a successful hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closely monitoring cellular and GPS data, along with youthful boasts on social media, the investigators uncovered an ongoing series of gang retaliations that extended past East Palo Alto’s borders into cities from Menlo Park to San Francisco. The electronic trail led to the March 2013 indictments of 16 people, 11 of whom were from East Palo Alto. None have yet to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement officials continue to pursue leads, according to East Palo Alto Police Chief Lee Violett, who noted that this year the city has experienced a decrease in shootings and other types of violent crime. During the first half of 2013, East Palo Alto had seven homicides. Since last August there have been two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Wagstaffe, the San Mateo County district attorney, believes Operation Sunny Day served to warn gang members of the severe consequences of their violent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a person from [East Palo Alto] come in last week and said she’s lived in EPA for over 20 years,” Wagstaffe said in April. “The shocking thing is that since this all went public … she had not heard a gunshot or a police siren.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City in Transition\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one of the few places in Silicon Valley where housing costs are still within reach for low-income families, East Palo Alto has seen dramatic change in recent decades. Latinos make up the majority in the once-predominantly black city, and even this demographic shift might be fleeting. The latest tech boom has caused home prices to begin to soar, as startups and behemoths like Facebook encroach along the city’s edges, pricing out longtime residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for housing among skilled tech workers would have been unfathomable in 1992, when the city boasted the country’s highest murder rate. Since then, East Palo Alto has seen a dramatic drop in crime, including 345 fewer homicides, rapes, armed assaults and robberies in 2012 than in 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the problems that persists is the city's reputation as a center for gang activity in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the situation became particularly acute for residents, some of who found themselves living in a war zone. The number of assaults involving a weapon jumped from 129 to 230 between 2011 and 2012, and again remained high last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, gangs do not target innocent people, but bystanders are sometimes caught in the crossfire. On an early Sunday morning in 2011, shots on Wisteria Drive fatally wounded 3-month-old Izak Jesus. Law enforcement officials often refer to the “baby Izak” case to illustrate the community-wide toll of gang violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s fatal shooting of 16-year-old Jose Luis Quinones led then-East Palo Alto Police Chief Ron Davis to declare a “crime emergency,” requiring officers to work overtime and canceling days off. Despite that declaration, gang warfare continued to rattle the city in the months that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gang members also contributed to a rise in burglaries within the county, according to officials from the San Mateo County Gang Task Force and the East Palo Alto Police Department. In addition to stealing firearms, gang members tapped into the statewide prescription drug epidemic by breaking into expensive homes in the middle of the day. They’d often head straight for the medicine cabinet, investigators said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s gotten so bad that if you have an open house and you’re selling your home, your Realtor will tell you to remove all prescription pills,” said Sgt. Leo Capovilla of the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Office Gang Investigative Unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of Gang Violence\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violence in East Palo Alto often takes the form of shootings, and intergang disputes nearly always involve “turf,” or areas in the city where gangs can sell drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gangs have changed over time, however, based on generational and demographic shifts. In the 1980s, East Palo Alto was home to the Midtown Hogs, a predominantly African-American gang whose primary source of income was crack cocaine. The Midtown Hogs are partly blamed for the city’s crack epidemic of the late '80s and early '90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Midtown Hogs evolved into the Taliban, which most recently fought Da Vill, another predominantly African-American gang, and Sac Street, a Norteño subset, according to members of the San Mateo County Gang Task Force, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they often work undercover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Palo Alto’s demographic shifts have helped determine which gangs flourish in the city. In recent years, African-American gangs spread to other parts of the Bay Area, while Latino gangs have proliferated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most gangs are divided along racial lines, some, like “Sac Street,” have involved both African-Americans and Latinos who live on Sacramento Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs — namely marijuana — are the gangs’ primary financial pipeline, according to the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force members said a handful of families living in East Palo Alto have connections to Mexican cartels, which smuggle drugs across the border and give them to gang members to sell on city streets. Most of the clientele is not from East Palo Alto, the task force explained. Located along Highway 101, the city is a convenient stopping point for outsiders to make a quick purchase and then speed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Norteños funnel some drug funds to Nuestra Familia, a Mexican-American gang operating from state and federal prisons, much of the money is spent on accessories that promote their image. One task force member recalls finding a closet filled with Air Jordans, each pair worth around $100. Angel Santuario, a community organizer for the nonprofit Peninsula Interfaith Action, said “bling” gives gang members status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of it may be about liberation and freedom,” he said. “There’s a huge need in our communities to feel respected, to feel like we have dignity. For some of those folks, that’s why they go out and buy brand-new Nikes. It’s to be respected in their world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8I0M1snrGs?rel=0]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often divided along racial and ethnic lines, the gangs capitalize on the vulnerability of youth in search of identity and community. Many gang members show their allegiance through the colors they wear and the tattoos they sport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sac Street gang uses the Stanford University logo as its symbol — the S stands for its street name, the red for the gang’s color and the tree for marijuana, a primary source of income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Norteños operate along the border between Menlo Park and East Palo Alto. In late 2012, a generational struggle for leadership triggered a significant increase in shootings and assaults in East Palo Alto, according to the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The younger generation of the gang members are hanging out separately,” one task force member said. “They started feuding with each other … they’re part of the same gang [but] killing each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Operation Sunny Day\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four murders and attempted murder in 2012 and early 2013 sent San Mateo County officials on a manhunt that would unravel a long-standing gang war between Da Vill, Sac Street and the Taliban. The war extended past East Palo Alto’s borders into Menlo Park, Belmont, Redwood City and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the following months, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Office partnered with every police agency in the county and three federal agencies — Homeland Security, the U.S. Marshals and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Detectives obtained warrants to monitor GPS and cellular data, as well as recorded telephone conversations from inside jail cells to understand the inner workings of gang activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagstaffe, the district attorney, emphasized that investigators based their case entirely on electronic surveillance. “They were right down to the same area where [crime] was located,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As detectives listened in on conversations, one phrase stood out: “It’s a sunny day in East Palo Alto.” Based on the timing, they concluded the phrase could mean only one thing. The killings were being planned and carried out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media also helped connect the dots. According to the task force, the notion of “respect” — or instilling fear — and an obsession with “image” motivate gang members to use social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram to brag about their activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, social media desensitizes the severity of crime, according to a task force member, who said gang members sometimes post videos of a violent act, evoking a “mentality that it’s funny to shoot someone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 18, 2013, Wagstaffe announced the indictments. The 16 suspects were charged with murder, attempted murder, coercion of witnesses, drug trafficking and illegal firearms possession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Police and Community Outreach\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Da Vill and Sac Street are based in East Palo Alto and the Taliban has reached across the border into eastern Menlo Park, Operation Sunny Day required little involvement from the city police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violett said the multi-agency probe served to offset East Palo Alto’s “finite resources,” allowing his department to assign just one detective to the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To fight gangs in recent years, the police department also has enlisted the help of neighboring departments and promoted community-policing programs, often funded by state and federal grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2011, East Palo Alto implemented Operation Ceasefire, a federally funded initiative designed to target and motivate youth with violent pasts to reshape their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Smith, the former director of Operation Ceasefire, managed the program’s law enforcement side and served as an intermediary between the city and the county. One of the program’s initial challenges was to relieve tension between the need to promote community relations and the need to crack down on gang violence, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community was very sensitive to having a lot of people all of a sudden being labeled as gang members,” Smith said. “That created pushback and resistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating matters is that the city’s Latino population — about 65 percent — is deeply distrustful of the police, said Angel Santuario of Peninsula Interfaith Action. Santuario has heard complaints that the department makes it difficult for citizens to report suspected criminal activity anonymously. Because residents fear retribution, they are reluctant to come forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Councilman Ruben Abrica believes community-policing programs have helped improve those relations. In March, after rumors circulated that the city might outsource police services to the county sheriff’s office, hundreds showed up at a council meeting to protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not every day the community comes out to defend the police,” Abrica said. “Even young people were saying that the Police Department is not perfect, but we can work with the police.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups, notably members of the clergy and youth organizations, helped close gaps between the community and the police, according to Smith and Melvin Gaines, the department’s special projects manager. Gaines said community policing reflects a change in a past mentality that police officers could “arrest [their] way out of a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operation Ceasefire approached 83 potential participants, many with gang backgrounds. Forty-eight agreed to take part and 18 remain active. Two of the suspects arrested in Operation Sunny Day were Ceasefire candidates, according to Gaines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grant money for Operation Ceasefire ran out in December 2013. Although the city reapplied, the application was not approved because “other agencies had more compelling proposals,” Gaines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reliance on such money poses its own challenges, he added. While grants allow for East Palo Alto to experiment with a range of community initiatives, the city is also under constant pressure to find a steady source of funding. Sarah Lawrence, the director of UC Berkeley’s School of Law’s Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation, sees little alternative, saying this is the “nature of federal, local and state dynamics of funding streams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Smith thinks Operation Ceasefire could have been more successful had law enforcement been more aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole message of Ceasefire is that ‘we hope you guys get some assistance, [but] if you call our bluff we’re coming after you,’” she said. “And we never went after anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she does not advocate for a “police state,” Smith said, having a greater number of police officers on the street is an inherent deterrent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violett said he could not speak to Operation Ceasefire’s effectiveness because the program was implemented under Davis, but he acknowledged that a key component to any community-policing program is to “back up what you say you’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaines believes Operation Ceasefire’s future will depend on whether community groups, once a financial incentive is removed, will continue to work with the police or shift resources to other initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Operation Sunny Day is credited with helping to curb gang violence, this state of peace is likely temporary, according to the task force. Gang members may just be taking a step back to try to anticipate what law enforcement will do next, all while leaving a lingering power vacuum.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Persistent problems driven by drugs and turf wars, as demographic shifts help determine who flourishes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1403040824,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":65,"wordCount":2572},"headData":{"title":"East Palo Alto Struggles to Curb Gang Violence | KQED","description":"Persistent problems driven by drugs and turf wars, as demographic shifts help determine who flourishes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"East Palo Alto Struggles to Curb Gang Violence","datePublished":"2014-06-17T15:00:31.000Z","dateModified":"2014-06-17T21:33:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"139166 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=139166","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/06/17/east-palo-alto-struggles-to-curb-gang-violence/","disqusTitle":"East Palo Alto Struggles to Curb Gang Violence","customPermalink":"East-Palo-Alto-History-Gang-Violence/","path":"/news/139166/east-palo-alto-struggles-to-curb-gang-violence","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Marianne LeVine,\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/2014/06/11/east-palo-alto-gang-crime/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/EPA-gangs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-139170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/EPA-gangs.jpg\" alt=\"Angel Santuario is an organizer for Peninsula Interfaith Action working to stop gang violence. (Marianne LeVine/Peninsula Press)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angel Santuario is an organizer for Peninsula Interfaith Action working to stop gang violence. (Marianne LeVine/Peninsula Press)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least five people shot around the Bay Area in recent years have been traced by gang investigators to turf feuds and drug vendettas in East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It began on a bright Sunday afternoon in late September 2012. Armed with two handguns, a trio of young men drove a silver Toyota 4Runner up Highway 101. Near a Belmont neighborhood off the Holly Street exit, they spotted their rival, Chariece Chew, in a Dodge Charger. At least a dozen shots were fired as the vehicle carrying Chew, its doors pierced by bullets, screeched onto the freeway, swerving through lanes before crashing into a construction fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chew survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, Christopher Baker, 21, was shot several times and bled to death on Terra Villa Street in East Palo Alto. Two nights after that, four young men with handguns waited for Stoney Gipson outside the Impala nightclub in San Francisco. The 27-year-old’s lifeless body was found in the early-morning darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies were clear on a Monday afternoon in January 2013 when bullets hailed on Illinois Street in East Palo Alto, killing 24-year-old Jonathan Alcazar. On a Saturday evening two weeks later, 21-year-old Lamont Coleman died of gunshot wounds on the city’s Capitol Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attempted murder of Chew and the killings of Baker, Gipson, Alcazar and Coleman led the San Mateo County District Attorney's Office to launch an 18-month investigation that officials consider the county’s most extensive crackdown on gang activity. Investigators nicknamed their operation “Sunny Day,” a reference to the code words that gang members occasionally used to signal a successful hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closely monitoring cellular and GPS data, along with youthful boasts on social media, the investigators uncovered an ongoing series of gang retaliations that extended past East Palo Alto’s borders into cities from Menlo Park to San Francisco. The electronic trail led to the March 2013 indictments of 16 people, 11 of whom were from East Palo Alto. None have yet to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement officials continue to pursue leads, according to East Palo Alto Police Chief Lee Violett, who noted that this year the city has experienced a decrease in shootings and other types of violent crime. During the first half of 2013, East Palo Alto had seven homicides. Since last August there have been two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Wagstaffe, the San Mateo County district attorney, believes Operation Sunny Day served to warn gang members of the severe consequences of their violent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a person from [East Palo Alto] come in last week and said she’s lived in EPA for over 20 years,” Wagstaffe said in April. “The shocking thing is that since this all went public … she had not heard a gunshot or a police siren.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>City in Transition\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one of the few places in Silicon Valley where housing costs are still within reach for low-income families, East Palo Alto has seen dramatic change in recent decades. Latinos make up the majority in the once-predominantly black city, and even this demographic shift might be fleeting. The latest tech boom has caused home prices to begin to soar, as startups and behemoths like Facebook encroach along the city’s edges, pricing out longtime residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for housing among skilled tech workers would have been unfathomable in 1992, when the city boasted the country’s highest murder rate. Since then, East Palo Alto has seen a dramatic drop in crime, including 345 fewer homicides, rapes, armed assaults and robberies in 2012 than in 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the problems that persists is the city's reputation as a center for gang activity in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the situation became particularly acute for residents, some of who found themselves living in a war zone. The number of assaults involving a weapon jumped from 129 to 230 between 2011 and 2012, and again remained high last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, gangs do not target innocent people, but bystanders are sometimes caught in the crossfire. On an early Sunday morning in 2011, shots on Wisteria Drive fatally wounded 3-month-old Izak Jesus. Law enforcement officials often refer to the “baby Izak” case to illustrate the community-wide toll of gang violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s fatal shooting of 16-year-old Jose Luis Quinones led then-East Palo Alto Police Chief Ron Davis to declare a “crime emergency,” requiring officers to work overtime and canceling days off. Despite that declaration, gang warfare continued to rattle the city in the months that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gang members also contributed to a rise in burglaries within the county, according to officials from the San Mateo County Gang Task Force and the East Palo Alto Police Department. In addition to stealing firearms, gang members tapped into the statewide prescription drug epidemic by breaking into expensive homes in the middle of the day. They’d often head straight for the medicine cabinet, investigators said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s gotten so bad that if you have an open house and you’re selling your home, your Realtor will tell you to remove all prescription pills,” said Sgt. Leo Capovilla of the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Office Gang Investigative Unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of Gang Violence\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violence in East Palo Alto often takes the form of shootings, and intergang disputes nearly always involve “turf,” or areas in the city where gangs can sell drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gangs have changed over time, however, based on generational and demographic shifts. In the 1980s, East Palo Alto was home to the Midtown Hogs, a predominantly African-American gang whose primary source of income was crack cocaine. The Midtown Hogs are partly blamed for the city’s crack epidemic of the late '80s and early '90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Midtown Hogs evolved into the Taliban, which most recently fought Da Vill, another predominantly African-American gang, and Sac Street, a Norteño subset, according to members of the San Mateo County Gang Task Force, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they often work undercover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Palo Alto’s demographic shifts have helped determine which gangs flourish in the city. In recent years, African-American gangs spread to other parts of the Bay Area, while Latino gangs have proliferated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most gangs are divided along racial lines, some, like “Sac Street,” have involved both African-Americans and Latinos who live on Sacramento Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs — namely marijuana — are the gangs’ primary financial pipeline, according to the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force members said a handful of families living in East Palo Alto have connections to Mexican cartels, which smuggle drugs across the border and give them to gang members to sell on city streets. Most of the clientele is not from East Palo Alto, the task force explained. Located along Highway 101, the city is a convenient stopping point for outsiders to make a quick purchase and then speed away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Norteños funnel some drug funds to Nuestra Familia, a Mexican-American gang operating from state and federal prisons, much of the money is spent on accessories that promote their image. One task force member recalls finding a closet filled with Air Jordans, each pair worth around $100. Angel Santuario, a community organizer for the nonprofit Peninsula Interfaith Action, said “bling” gives gang members status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of it may be about liberation and freedom,” he said. “There’s a huge need in our communities to feel respected, to feel like we have dignity. For some of those folks, that’s why they go out and buy brand-new Nikes. It’s to be respected in their world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/o8I0M1snrGs?rel=0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/o8I0M1snrGs?rel=0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often divided along racial and ethnic lines, the gangs capitalize on the vulnerability of youth in search of identity and community. Many gang members show their allegiance through the colors they wear and the tattoos they sport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sac Street gang uses the Stanford University logo as its symbol — the S stands for its street name, the red for the gang’s color and the tree for marijuana, a primary source of income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Norteños operate along the border between Menlo Park and East Palo Alto. In late 2012, a generational struggle for leadership triggered a significant increase in shootings and assaults in East Palo Alto, according to the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The younger generation of the gang members are hanging out separately,” one task force member said. “They started feuding with each other … they’re part of the same gang [but] killing each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Operation Sunny Day\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four murders and attempted murder in 2012 and early 2013 sent San Mateo County officials on a manhunt that would unravel a long-standing gang war between Da Vill, Sac Street and the Taliban. The war extended past East Palo Alto’s borders into Menlo Park, Belmont, Redwood City and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the following months, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Office partnered with every police agency in the county and three federal agencies — Homeland Security, the U.S. Marshals and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Detectives obtained warrants to monitor GPS and cellular data, as well as recorded telephone conversations from inside jail cells to understand the inner workings of gang activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagstaffe, the district attorney, emphasized that investigators based their case entirely on electronic surveillance. “They were right down to the same area where [crime] was located,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As detectives listened in on conversations, one phrase stood out: “It’s a sunny day in East Palo Alto.” Based on the timing, they concluded the phrase could mean only one thing. The killings were being planned and carried out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media also helped connect the dots. According to the task force, the notion of “respect” — or instilling fear — and an obsession with “image” motivate gang members to use social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram to brag about their activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, social media desensitizes the severity of crime, according to a task force member, who said gang members sometimes post videos of a violent act, evoking a “mentality that it’s funny to shoot someone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 18, 2013, Wagstaffe announced the indictments. The 16 suspects were charged with murder, attempted murder, coercion of witnesses, drug trafficking and illegal firearms possession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Police and Community Outreach\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Da Vill and Sac Street are based in East Palo Alto and the Taliban has reached across the border into eastern Menlo Park, Operation Sunny Day required little involvement from the city police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violett said the multi-agency probe served to offset East Palo Alto’s “finite resources,” allowing his department to assign just one detective to the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To fight gangs in recent years, the police department also has enlisted the help of neighboring departments and promoted community-policing programs, often funded by state and federal grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March 2011, East Palo Alto implemented Operation Ceasefire, a federally funded initiative designed to target and motivate youth with violent pasts to reshape their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Smith, the former director of Operation Ceasefire, managed the program’s law enforcement side and served as an intermediary between the city and the county. One of the program’s initial challenges was to relieve tension between the need to promote community relations and the need to crack down on gang violence, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community was very sensitive to having a lot of people all of a sudden being labeled as gang members,” Smith said. “That created pushback and resistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating matters is that the city’s Latino population — about 65 percent — is deeply distrustful of the police, said Angel Santuario of Peninsula Interfaith Action. Santuario has heard complaints that the department makes it difficult for citizens to report suspected criminal activity anonymously. Because residents fear retribution, they are reluctant to come forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Councilman Ruben Abrica believes community-policing programs have helped improve those relations. In March, after rumors circulated that the city might outsource police services to the county sheriff’s office, hundreds showed up at a council meeting to protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not every day the community comes out to defend the police,” Abrica said. “Even young people were saying that the Police Department is not perfect, but we can work with the police.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups, notably members of the clergy and youth organizations, helped close gaps between the community and the police, according to Smith and Melvin Gaines, the department’s special projects manager. Gaines said community policing reflects a change in a past mentality that police officers could “arrest [their] way out of a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operation Ceasefire approached 83 potential participants, many with gang backgrounds. Forty-eight agreed to take part and 18 remain active. Two of the suspects arrested in Operation Sunny Day were Ceasefire candidates, according to Gaines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grant money for Operation Ceasefire ran out in December 2013. Although the city reapplied, the application was not approved because “other agencies had more compelling proposals,” Gaines said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reliance on such money poses its own challenges, he added. While grants allow for East Palo Alto to experiment with a range of community initiatives, the city is also under constant pressure to find a steady source of funding. Sarah Lawrence, the director of UC Berkeley’s School of Law’s Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation, sees little alternative, saying this is the “nature of federal, local and state dynamics of funding streams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Smith thinks Operation Ceasefire could have been more successful had law enforcement been more aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole message of Ceasefire is that ‘we hope you guys get some assistance, [but] if you call our bluff we’re coming after you,’” she said. “And we never went after anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she does not advocate for a “police state,” Smith said, having a greater number of police officers on the street is an inherent deterrent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violett said he could not speak to Operation Ceasefire’s effectiveness because the program was implemented under Davis, but he acknowledged that a key component to any community-policing program is to “back up what you say you’re going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaines believes Operation Ceasefire’s future will depend on whether community groups, once a financial incentive is removed, will continue to work with the police or shift resources to other initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Operation Sunny Day is credited with helping to curb gang violence, this state of peace is likely temporary, according to the task force. Gang members may just be taking a step back to try to anticipate what law enforcement will do next, all while leaving a lingering power vacuum.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/139166/east-palo-alto-struggles-to-curb-gang-violence","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944"],"series":["news_18549"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_4612","news_86","news_18550"],"featImg":"news_139170","label":"news_6944"},"news_135499":{"type":"posts","id":"news_135499","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"135499","score":null,"sort":[1399647607000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mexican-militias-fight-against-drug-cartels-with-help-from-u-s-friends","title":"Mexican Militias Fight Against Drug Cartels With Help from U.S. Friends","publishDate":1399647607,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_135501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/AOA_4946.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-135501\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/AOA_4946.jpg\" alt=\"The leader of Michoacan's self-defense militia, Dr. Jose Mireles, walks around the central square in the town of Los Reyes. Mireles lived for nearly a decade before returning to Mexico with his family. Photo: Alan Ortega/KQED\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The leader of Michoacan's self-defense militia, Dr. Jose Mireles, walks around the central square in the town of Los Reyes. Mireles lived for nearly a decade in the U.S. before returning to Mexico with his family. (Alan Ortega/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Michael Montgomery and Ana Arana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, civilian militias in the western Mexican state of Michoacan rose up to challenge one of the country’s most ruthless drug cartels, the Knights Templar. Since then, the militias have driven the cartel from more than 30 municipalities and forced the resignation of local officials suspected of working for the drug lords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts to protect citizens from escalating drug violence resonate deeply with Michoacan migrants living in California. Relying on loose cross-border family networks, organizers have quietly raised money from California for vehicles, weapons and other supplies. That support has helped the militias set up checkpoint and command posts, and operations to hunt down cartel leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Movement leader Jose Mireles lived with his wife and kids for almost 10 years in Fresno working for the Red Cross — and used those connections when faced with a dangerous situation after moving back to Michoacan. A few years after the family returned, drug gangs began a campaign of murder and rape, but the police, who were often working for the drug lords, couldn't provide protection. Mireles reached out locally, but also to his friends back in California for help and support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the danger on the ground, Ana Maria Salazar, a security analyst in Mexico City, says it's surprising these self-defense movements didn't happen sooner. As people move back to Mexico, they are shocked by what they see and the inability of the government to control the gangs. \"When these people come back, they find this completely warlike situation,\" she told KQED's Michael Montgomery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people move back to Mexico even after their relatives in Michoacan disappear or are killed. The financial support from the family that remains in the U.S. helps fund their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Montgomery reports that there is growing tension in Michoacan over demands from Mexico’s federal government for the militias to demobilize by May 10. There have also been disputes within the militias, and allegations linking some local commanders to rival drug gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are just a bunch of people who basically armed themselves illegally,\" said Salazar. \"The problem with Dr. Mireles is how much control does he really exercise over these groups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things could get worse before they get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to Montgomery's full story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/148595156&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Efforts to protect citizens from violence resonates deeply with Michoacan migrants living in California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1399660602,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":433},"headData":{"title":"Mexican Militias Fight Against Drug Cartels With Help from U.S. Friends | KQED","description":"Efforts to protect citizens from violence resonates deeply with Michoacan migrants living in California.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Mexican Militias Fight Against Drug Cartels With Help from U.S. Friends","datePublished":"2014-05-09T15:00:07.000Z","dateModified":"2014-05-09T18:36:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"135499 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=135499","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/09/mexican-militias-fight-against-drug-cartels-with-help-from-u-s-friends/","disqusTitle":"Mexican Militias Fight Against Drug Cartels With Help from U.S. Friends","customPermalink":"mexican-militias-fight-drug-cartels/","path":"/news/135499/mexican-militias-fight-against-drug-cartels-with-help-from-u-s-friends","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_135501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/AOA_4946.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-135501\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/05/AOA_4946.jpg\" alt=\"The leader of Michoacan's self-defense militia, Dr. Jose Mireles, walks around the central square in the town of Los Reyes. Mireles lived for nearly a decade before returning to Mexico with his family. Photo: Alan Ortega/KQED\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The leader of Michoacan's self-defense militia, Dr. Jose Mireles, walks around the central square in the town of Los Reyes. Mireles lived for nearly a decade in the U.S. before returning to Mexico with his family. (Alan Ortega/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Michael Montgomery and Ana Arana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, civilian militias in the western Mexican state of Michoacan rose up to challenge one of the country’s most ruthless drug cartels, the Knights Templar. Since then, the militias have driven the cartel from more than 30 municipalities and forced the resignation of local officials suspected of working for the drug lords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts to protect citizens from escalating drug violence resonate deeply with Michoacan migrants living in California. Relying on loose cross-border family networks, organizers have quietly raised money from California for vehicles, weapons and other supplies. That support has helped the militias set up checkpoint and command posts, and operations to hunt down cartel leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Movement leader Jose Mireles lived with his wife and kids for almost 10 years in Fresno working for the Red Cross — and used those connections when faced with a dangerous situation after moving back to Michoacan. A few years after the family returned, drug gangs began a campaign of murder and rape, but the police, who were often working for the drug lords, couldn't provide protection. Mireles reached out locally, but also to his friends back in California for help and support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the danger on the ground, Ana Maria Salazar, a security analyst in Mexico City, says it's surprising these self-defense movements didn't happen sooner. As people move back to Mexico, they are shocked by what they see and the inability of the government to control the gangs. \"When these people come back, they find this completely warlike situation,\" she told KQED's Michael Montgomery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people move back to Mexico even after their relatives in Michoacan disappear or are killed. The financial support from the family that remains in the U.S. helps fund their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Montgomery reports that there is growing tension in Michoacan over demands from Mexico’s federal government for the militias to demobilize by May 10. There have also been disputes within the militias, and allegations linking some local commanders to rival drug gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are just a bunch of people who basically armed themselves illegally,\" said Salazar. \"The problem with Dr. Mireles is how much control does he really exercise over these groups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things could get worse before they get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to Montgomery's full story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/148595156&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/135499/mexican-militias-fight-against-drug-cartels-with-help-from-u-s-friends","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_86","news_2403"],"label":"news_6944"},"news_111570":{"type":"posts","id":"news_111570","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"111570","score":null,"sort":[1379631332000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-imprisoned-mexican-mafia-leader-exerts-secret-control-over-la-street-gangs","title":"How Imprisoned Mexican Mafia Leader Exerts Secret Control Over L.A. Street Gangs","publishDate":1379631332,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_111608\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=785758-plaintiffs-exhibit-700-4\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-111608 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/09/kite.jpg\" alt=\"The original note was written on a small scrap of paper known as a kite, smuggled out of the prison and then re-copied in larger print.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>A note that was written on a small scrap of paper known as a kite, smuggled out of prison and then recopied in larger print, lays out specific rules for Mexican Mafia members on the street. Click on the image and hit the 'text' tab to read a typed version of the communique.\u003c/strong>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Running a criminal organization while locked inside one of America's most secure prisons requires imagination, cunning and ruthlessness. It also demands a firm set of rules and a way to impose them on operatives on the streets, often violent and obstreperous gang members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A secret letter allegedly sent from an inmate at Pelican Bay State Prison in Northern California to members of Florencia 13, a multi-generational street gang in south Los Angeles, details a covert network that has enriched the state’s most powerful prison gang, the Mexican Mafia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The note was originally written in tiny script on a small scrap of paper known as a “kite,” smuggled out of Pelican Bay, recopied and then distributed to street gang members, according to federal prosecutors who are using it as evidence in a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-mexican-mafia-drug-cartel-20130806,0,204716.story\">crackdown\u003c/a> in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter outlines rules, or \u003cem>reglas\u003c/em>, drawn up by Mexican Mafia members for associates operating on the streets. They include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How street gangs and their sub-groups are governed, including the election of a president and vice president by “majority votes.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How drug sales, prostitution and other illegal activities are organized and “taxed,” with a percentage going to gang leaders behind bars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How disputes are settled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How assaults and murders are authorized.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How snitches and sex offenders are rooted out and punished.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_111796\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 197px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-111796\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/09/Castellanos-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Castellanos\" width=\"197\" height=\"263\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arturo Castellanos (Photo: Dept. of Corrections and Rehabilitation)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are forewarning everyone to cautiously respect these reglas and know there’s no 2\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup> chance,” reads the message, which was allegedly written by Arturo Castellanos, a convicted murderer who has been held in isolation at Pelican Bay since 1990. “We are Emeros (Mexican Mafia members) and we expect that these reglas are followed and respected by all true south-side Florencianos and Florencianas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hunger strike leader\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, Castellanos and three other inmates organized a two-month \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/30/prison-hunger-strikers-getting-by-on-gatorade-vitamins/\">hunger strike \u003c/a>over\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/prison+isolation+video\"> conditions\u003c/a> at Pelican Bay, where they and hundreds of other men have been held in special windowless cells, usually alone, for more than a decade. The action drew international attention and plaudits from a host of civil and human rights groups, including the ACLU and Amnesty International. They say conditions at Pelican Bay are unconstitutional and amount to slow torture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To his supporters, Castellanos is a relentless campaigner for prisoner rights who has eschewed a history of violence to help coordinate peaceful protests behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'We are Emeros (Mexican Mafia members) and we expect that these reglas are followed and respected by all true south-side Florencianos and Florencianas.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the hunger strike, including Castellanos, only agreed to call off the protest after California lawmakers promised hearings and possible legislation to address complaints about prison gang policy and isolation units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State corrections officials say conditions in the units are humane and that the severe restrictions are necessary to curtail gang communications. They allege the protest leaders have a hidden agenda — strengthening the hand of criminal groups that control drug and extortion rackets behind bars and on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prosecutors in L.A. charge Castellanos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, federal prosecutors in Los Angeles named Castellanos in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/797696-mexican-mafia-f13-indictment-2.html\">indictment\u003c/a> alleging a host of narcotics, firearms and fraud offenses, all carried out from his cell at Pelican Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors alleged Castellanos was a Mexican Mafia member and “undisputed leader” of Florencia 13 and its associated “cliques,” and that he received payments from the gang’s illegal activities into his inmate trust account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indictment cites as evidence the rules allegedly written by Castellanos from his prison cell that established leadership positions within the F13’s territory in the Florence-Firestone area of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These ‘shot callers’ were then ordered to coordinate the illegal distribution of drugs and other criminal activities, to ensure that extortionate taxes were collected, and otherwise to oversee their respective portions of the gang’s territory, such as by resolving disputes both among F13 gang members and associates and with members of other Los Angeles gangs,” the indictment states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Turf battle with African-American rivals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other edicts allegedly issued by Castellanos guided Florencia 13 into a turf battle against rival gangs. The action triggered a wave of racial violence against African-Americans, according to court documents. More than 20 people were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors allege Castellanos continued to discuss gang business in meetings with visitors at Pelican Bay as recently as 2011 and in the aftermath of an earlier hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate indictment released in August alleges Mexican Mafia members attempted to form an alliance with operatives from a powerful Mexican drug cartel, with approval from leaders at Pelican Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayview.com/2013/we-dare-to-stand-united-with-all-racial-groups-to-say-enough-is-enough-while-cdcr-and-fbi-collaborate-to-break-our-hunger-strike/\" target=\"_blank\">letter\u003c/a> released by inmate advocates, Castellanos denounced the federal investigation as a “set-up” and described Florencia 13 as his “old childhood street gang.” He has also questioned why the feds only named him as an unindicted co-conspirator (Castellanos and the secret note were also mentioned in a 2007 indictment against other alleged gang members).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Hernandez, a former Assistant U.S. Attorney who handled an earlier Mexican Mafia investigation, said the government at that time concluded it was safer to keep Castellanos in isolation and not pull him out of Pelican Bay for court hearings in Los Angeles, which would have been required had he been indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was important that … Castellanos not be let out, because he holds sway over gang members to do things they would otherwise not want to do,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican Mafia's influence on the streets stems in part from its power inside California jails and prisons. Anyone who ignores the group's edicts faces likely retaliation if they end up behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Castellanos \"wants to be indicted\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEvsD7pyp5w\">Rene Enriquez\u003c/a>, a former Mexican Mafia leader who is cooperating with federal prosecutors, said Castellanos’ brazen style suggests he wants to be indicted and sent to federal prison where he can enjoy a host of privileges banned at Pelican Bay, including monthly phone calls and freedom of movement in a general population facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe one of his objectives is to get [transferred] to federal prison to further his business plan,” Enriquez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castellanos’ actions — in running criminal conspiracies and in organizing protests – are driven by an unquenchable thirst for power and recognition, according to Enriquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He wants to place himself, through this megalomaniacal sense of importance, on this pedestal where he is looked at as one of the chieftains of the mob,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on each highlighted area to learn more about it. Click on text to read a print version of the note. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=785758-plaintiffs-exhibit-700-4\" target=\"_blank\">view a larger version\u003c/a> of this document. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=785758-plaintiffs-exhibit-700-4\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1000\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A gang leader in the recent hunger strike allegedly sent a secret letter detailing \"reglas\" to gang members. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1412206149,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1192},"headData":{"title":"How Imprisoned Mexican Mafia Leader Exerts Secret Control Over L.A. Street Gangs | KQED","description":"A gang leader in the recent hunger strike allegedly sent a secret letter detailing "reglas" to gang members. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"How Imprisoned Mexican Mafia Leader Exerts Secret Control Over L.A. Street Gangs","datePublished":"2013-09-19T22:55:32.000Z","dateModified":"2014-10-01T23:29:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"111570 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=111570","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/09/19/how-imprisoned-mexican-mafia-leader-exerts-secret-control-over-la-street-gangs/","disqusTitle":"How Imprisoned Mexican Mafia Leader Exerts Secret Control Over L.A. Street Gangs","customPermalink":"2013/09/17/111570/secret-letter-from-mexican-mafia-gang-leader-to-la-street-gangs/","path":"/news/111570/how-imprisoned-mexican-mafia-leader-exerts-secret-control-over-la-street-gangs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_111608\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=785758-plaintiffs-exhibit-700-4\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-111608 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/09/kite.jpg\" alt=\"The original note was written on a small scrap of paper known as a kite, smuggled out of the prison and then re-copied in larger print.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>A note that was written on a small scrap of paper known as a kite, smuggled out of prison and then recopied in larger print, lays out specific rules for Mexican Mafia members on the street. Click on the image and hit the 'text' tab to read a typed version of the communique.\u003c/strong>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Running a criminal organization while locked inside one of America's most secure prisons requires imagination, cunning and ruthlessness. It also demands a firm set of rules and a way to impose them on operatives on the streets, often violent and obstreperous gang members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A secret letter allegedly sent from an inmate at Pelican Bay State Prison in Northern California to members of Florencia 13, a multi-generational street gang in south Los Angeles, details a covert network that has enriched the state’s most powerful prison gang, the Mexican Mafia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The note was originally written in tiny script on a small scrap of paper known as a “kite,” smuggled out of Pelican Bay, recopied and then distributed to street gang members, according to federal prosecutors who are using it as evidence in a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-mexican-mafia-drug-cartel-20130806,0,204716.story\">crackdown\u003c/a> in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter outlines rules, or \u003cem>reglas\u003c/em>, drawn up by Mexican Mafia members for associates operating on the streets. They include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>How street gangs and their sub-groups are governed, including the election of a president and vice president by “majority votes.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How drug sales, prostitution and other illegal activities are organized and “taxed,” with a percentage going to gang leaders behind bars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How disputes are settled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How assaults and murders are authorized.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How snitches and sex offenders are rooted out and punished.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_111796\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 197px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-111796\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/09/Castellanos-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Castellanos\" width=\"197\" height=\"263\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arturo Castellanos (Photo: Dept. of Corrections and Rehabilitation)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are forewarning everyone to cautiously respect these reglas and know there’s no 2\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup> chance,” reads the message, which was allegedly written by Arturo Castellanos, a convicted murderer who has been held in isolation at Pelican Bay since 1990. “We are Emeros (Mexican Mafia members) and we expect that these reglas are followed and respected by all true south-side Florencianos and Florencianas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hunger strike leader\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, Castellanos and three other inmates organized a two-month \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/30/prison-hunger-strikers-getting-by-on-gatorade-vitamins/\">hunger strike \u003c/a>over\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/prison+isolation+video\"> conditions\u003c/a> at Pelican Bay, where they and hundreds of other men have been held in special windowless cells, usually alone, for more than a decade. The action drew international attention and plaudits from a host of civil and human rights groups, including the ACLU and Amnesty International. They say conditions at Pelican Bay are unconstitutional and amount to slow torture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To his supporters, Castellanos is a relentless campaigner for prisoner rights who has eschewed a history of violence to help coordinate peaceful protests behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'We are Emeros (Mexican Mafia members) and we expect that these reglas are followed and respected by all true south-side Florencianos and Florencianas.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the hunger strike, including Castellanos, only agreed to call off the protest after California lawmakers promised hearings and possible legislation to address complaints about prison gang policy and isolation units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State corrections officials say conditions in the units are humane and that the severe restrictions are necessary to curtail gang communications. They allege the protest leaders have a hidden agenda — strengthening the hand of criminal groups that control drug and extortion rackets behind bars and on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prosecutors in L.A. charge Castellanos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, federal prosecutors in Los Angeles named Castellanos in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/797696-mexican-mafia-f13-indictment-2.html\">indictment\u003c/a> alleging a host of narcotics, firearms and fraud offenses, all carried out from his cell at Pelican Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors alleged Castellanos was a Mexican Mafia member and “undisputed leader” of Florencia 13 and its associated “cliques,” and that he received payments from the gang’s illegal activities into his inmate trust account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indictment cites as evidence the rules allegedly written by Castellanos from his prison cell that established leadership positions within the F13’s territory in the Florence-Firestone area of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These ‘shot callers’ were then ordered to coordinate the illegal distribution of drugs and other criminal activities, to ensure that extortionate taxes were collected, and otherwise to oversee their respective portions of the gang’s territory, such as by resolving disputes both among F13 gang members and associates and with members of other Los Angeles gangs,” the indictment states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Turf battle with African-American rivals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other edicts allegedly issued by Castellanos guided Florencia 13 into a turf battle against rival gangs. The action triggered a wave of racial violence against African-Americans, according to court documents. More than 20 people were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors allege Castellanos continued to discuss gang business in meetings with visitors at Pelican Bay as recently as 2011 and in the aftermath of an earlier hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate indictment released in August alleges Mexican Mafia members attempted to form an alliance with operatives from a powerful Mexican drug cartel, with approval from leaders at Pelican Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayview.com/2013/we-dare-to-stand-united-with-all-racial-groups-to-say-enough-is-enough-while-cdcr-and-fbi-collaborate-to-break-our-hunger-strike/\" target=\"_blank\">letter\u003c/a> released by inmate advocates, Castellanos denounced the federal investigation as a “set-up” and described Florencia 13 as his “old childhood street gang.” He has also questioned why the feds only named him as an unindicted co-conspirator (Castellanos and the secret note were also mentioned in a 2007 indictment against other alleged gang members).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Hernandez, a former Assistant U.S. Attorney who handled an earlier Mexican Mafia investigation, said the government at that time concluded it was safer to keep Castellanos in isolation and not pull him out of Pelican Bay for court hearings in Los Angeles, which would have been required had he been indicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was important that … Castellanos not be let out, because he holds sway over gang members to do things they would otherwise not want to do,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican Mafia's influence on the streets stems in part from its power inside California jails and prisons. Anyone who ignores the group's edicts faces likely retaliation if they end up behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Castellanos \"wants to be indicted\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEvsD7pyp5w\">Rene Enriquez\u003c/a>, a former Mexican Mafia leader who is cooperating with federal prosecutors, said Castellanos’ brazen style suggests he wants to be indicted and sent to federal prison where he can enjoy a host of privileges banned at Pelican Bay, including monthly phone calls and freedom of movement in a general population facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe one of his objectives is to get [transferred] to federal prison to further his business plan,” Enriquez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castellanos’ actions — in running criminal conspiracies and in organizing protests – are driven by an unquenchable thirst for power and recognition, according to Enriquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He wants to place himself, through this megalomaniacal sense of importance, on this pedestal where he is looked at as one of the chieftains of the mob,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click on each highlighted area to learn more about it. Click on text to read a print version of the note. You can also \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=785758-plaintiffs-exhibit-700-4\" target=\"_blank\">view a larger version\u003c/a> of this document. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=785758-plaintiffs-exhibit-700-4\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1000\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/111570/how-imprisoned-mexican-mafia-leader-exerts-secret-control-over-la-street-gangs","authors":["245"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_6188"],"tags":["news_4693","news_86","news_4","news_4857","news_4858"],"featImg":"news_111608","label":"news_6944"},"news_36670":{"type":"posts","id":"news_36670","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"36670","score":null,"sort":[1313006016000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"no-arrests-yet-in-oakland-gang-related-shooting","title":"No Arrests Yet in Oakland Gang Related Shooting","publishDate":1313006016,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department just sent out the following update about the fatal shooting of a 3-year-old boy in Oakland. Despite previous reports of arrests in the case, they now say there are none yet:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Investigators have reason to believe the shooting of Carlos Nava is a result of gang activity in the area, and are currently interviewing members of identified affiliations to further the investigation. An arrest was made yesterday; however, it is not considered related to the shooting of Carlos Nava at this time. This investigation is ongoing and rapidly developing; we are confident that justice will be served.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>OPD also reports a fund has been set up to accept donations to the toddler's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlitos Nava Fund\u003cbr>\nWells Fargo San Leandro Marina Branch\u003cbr>\nAccount #3981855954\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1313011404,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":137},"headData":{"title":"No Arrests Yet in Oakland Gang Related Shooting | KQED","description":"The Oakland Police Department just sent out the following update about the fatal shooting of a 3-year-old boy in Oakland. Despite previous reports of arrests in the case, they now say there are none yet: Investigators have reason to believe the shooting of Carlos Nava is a result of gang activity in the area, and","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"No Arrests Yet in Oakland Gang Related Shooting","datePublished":"2011-08-10T19:53:36.000Z","dateModified":"2011-08-10T21:23:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"36670 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=36670","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/10/no-arrests-yet-in-oakland-gang-related-shooting/","disqusTitle":"No Arrests Yet in Oakland Gang Related Shooting","path":"/news/36670/no-arrests-yet-in-oakland-gang-related-shooting","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department just sent out the following update about the fatal shooting of a 3-year-old boy in Oakland. Despite previous reports of arrests in the case, they now say there are none yet:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Investigators have reason to believe the shooting of Carlos Nava is a result of gang activity in the area, and are currently interviewing members of identified affiliations to further the investigation. An arrest was made yesterday; however, it is not considered related to the shooting of Carlos Nava at this time. This investigation is ongoing and rapidly developing; we are confident that justice will be served.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>OPD also reports a fund has been set up to accept donations to the toddler's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlitos Nava Fund\u003cbr>\nWells Fargo San Leandro Marina Branch\u003cbr>\nAccount #3981855954\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/36670/no-arrests-yet-in-oakland-gang-related-shooting","authors":["252"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_6188"],"tags":["news_86","news_18","news_98"],"label":"news_6944"},"news_1300":{"type":"posts","id":"news_1300","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"1300","score":null,"sort":[1287078859000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oakland-gang-injunctions","title":"Oakland Gang Injunctions","publishDate":1287078859,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>As we \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/kqednews/RN201010140833\">reported on-air\u003c/a> this morning:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Oakland community groups are planning to \u003ca title=\"Stop the Injunctions\" href=\"http://stoptheinjunction.wordpress.com/\">rally at noon today\u003c/a> in opposition to \u003ca title=\"Oakland City Attorney: Gang Injunctions\" href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">gang injunctions\u003c/a> requested by police. The injunction, issued in June, prohibits gang members in a North Oakland neighborhood from hanging out in public, recruiting, or carrying guns or drugs. The groups who are rallying say the measures promote racial profiling and stigmatize people who need rehabilitation and other assistance.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The rally comes on the heels of yesterday's announcement by the \u003ca title=\"Oakland City Attorney site\" href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">Oakland City Attorney\u003c/a> that Oakland will \u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/ci_16328383?\">\u003cstrong>seek another injunction\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, this one against the Norteños street gang in the Fruitvale neighborhood. If an Alameda County Superior court judge approves, alleged gang members will have to abide by a 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew. Russo said the Norteños have been involved in 35 shootings this year. (Map of the proposed area subject to the injunction below)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003ca href=\"http://kalwnews.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/main-node-image/Picture%201_70.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1312\" title=\"oaklandganginjunction\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2010/10/oaklandganginjunction.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland gang injunction area map\" width=\"245\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From KALW\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For an excellent summary of the Norteno injunctions and a history of gang injunctions as a Bay Area law enforcement tool, listen to today's \u003ca href=\"http://kalwnews.org/audio/2010/10/13/bay-areas-gang-injunctions-explained_638381.html\">\u003cstrong>KALW Crosscurrents report\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, for pro and con positions on gang injunctions, take a look at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">Oakland City Attorney's site\u003c/a> then the ACLU of Northern California's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aclunc.org/issues/criminal_justice/what_is_a_gang_injunction.shtml\">opposition page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://kalwnews.org/audio/2010/10/13/bay-areas-gang-injunctions-explained_638381.html\">Radio report and transcript: Gang injunctions explained\u003c/a> (KALW Crosscurrents)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://informant.kalwnews.org/2010/09/sf-superior-court-approves-visitacion-valley-gang-injunction/\">SF Superior Court approves Visitacion Valley gang injunction\u003c/a> (Sept 30, KALW News)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">Oakland City Attorney: Gang Injunctions\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aclunc.org/issues/criminal_justice/what_is_a_gang_injunction.shtml\">ACLU of Northern California: What is a Gang Injunction?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oaklandlocal.com/tags/gang-injunction\">More gang injunction coverage\u003c/a> (Oakland Local)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1287080154,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":254},"headData":{"title":"Oakland Gang Injunctions | KQED","description":"As we reported on-air this morning: "Oakland community groups are planning to rally at noon today in opposition to gang injunctions requested by police. The injunction, issued in June, prohibits gang members in a North Oakland neighborhood from hanging out in public, recruiting, or carrying guns or drugs. The groups who are rallying say the","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Oakland Gang Injunctions","datePublished":"2010-10-14T17:54:19.000Z","dateModified":"2010-10-14T18:15:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"1300 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=1300","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2010/10/14/oakland-gang-injunctions/","disqusTitle":"Oakland Gang Injunctions","path":"/news/1300/oakland-gang-injunctions","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As we \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/kqednews/RN201010140833\">reported on-air\u003c/a> this morning:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Oakland community groups are planning to \u003ca title=\"Stop the Injunctions\" href=\"http://stoptheinjunction.wordpress.com/\">rally at noon today\u003c/a> in opposition to \u003ca title=\"Oakland City Attorney: Gang Injunctions\" href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">gang injunctions\u003c/a> requested by police. The injunction, issued in June, prohibits gang members in a North Oakland neighborhood from hanging out in public, recruiting, or carrying guns or drugs. The groups who are rallying say the measures promote racial profiling and stigmatize people who need rehabilitation and other assistance.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The rally comes on the heels of yesterday's announcement by the \u003ca title=\"Oakland City Attorney site\" href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">Oakland City Attorney\u003c/a> that Oakland will \u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/ci_16328383?\">\u003cstrong>seek another injunction\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, this one against the Norteños street gang in the Fruitvale neighborhood. If an Alameda County Superior court judge approves, alleged gang members will have to abide by a 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew. Russo said the Norteños have been involved in 35 shootings this year. (Map of the proposed area subject to the injunction below)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003ca href=\"http://kalwnews.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/main-node-image/Picture%201_70.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-1312\" title=\"oaklandganginjunction\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2010/10/oaklandganginjunction.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland gang injunction area map\" width=\"245\" height=\"190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From KALW\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For an excellent summary of the Norteno injunctions and a history of gang injunctions as a Bay Area law enforcement tool, listen to today's \u003ca href=\"http://kalwnews.org/audio/2010/10/13/bay-areas-gang-injunctions-explained_638381.html\">\u003cstrong>KALW Crosscurrents report\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, for pro and con positions on gang injunctions, take a look at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">Oakland City Attorney's site\u003c/a> then the ACLU of Northern California's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aclunc.org/issues/criminal_justice/what_is_a_gang_injunction.shtml\">opposition page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://kalwnews.org/audio/2010/10/13/bay-areas-gang-injunctions-explained_638381.html\">Radio report and transcript: Gang injunctions explained\u003c/a> (KALW Crosscurrents)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://informant.kalwnews.org/2010/09/sf-superior-court-approves-visitacion-valley-gang-injunction/\">SF Superior Court approves Visitacion Valley gang injunction\u003c/a> (Sept 30, KALW News)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/Notable/Gang%20Injunction.html\">Oakland City Attorney: Gang Injunctions\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aclunc.org/issues/criminal_justice/what_is_a_gang_injunction.shtml\">ACLU of Northern California: What is a Gang Injunction?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oaklandlocal.com/tags/gang-injunction\">More gang injunction coverage\u003c/a> (Oakland Local)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/1300/oakland-gang-injunctions","authors":["80"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_6188"],"tags":["news_85","news_86","news_18"],"label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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