Forced Sterilization Survivors of California Prisons Face Reparations Deadline
Calif. Legislators Urge Speedy Inquiry Into Prison Sterilizations
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An estimated 20,000 incarcerated people endured non-consensual sterilizations from 1909 to 1979, with an additional 100 in the early 2000s. While $4.5 million awaits survivors, applications remain scarce. The closing date is Dec. 31.","credit":"Anna Vignet/KQED","altTag":"A graphic illustration of a clock ticking while someone's hand is seen holding a carnation.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468-800x517.jpg","width":800,"height":517,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468-1020x659.jpg","width":1020,"height":659,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468-160x103.jpg","width":160,"height":103,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468-1536x992.jpg","width":1536,"height":992,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/IMG_0468.jpg","width":1920,"height":1240}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_107976":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_107976","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"107976","found":true},"title":"Rehab hearing 01","publishDate":1377195307,"status":"inherit","parent":107964,"modified":1377195307,"caption":"California Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (left) and California State Auditor Elaine Howle (right ) listen as California Assemblymember Bonnie Lowenthal asks the state’s legislative audit committee to look into the practice of sterilization of female inmates. (Randy Allen / The Center for Investigative Reporting)","credit":null,"description":"California Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (left) and California State Auditor Elaine Howle (right ) listen as California Assemblymember Bonnie Lowenthal asks the state’s legislative audit committee to look into the practice of sterilization of female inmates. (Randy Allen / The Center for Investigative Reporting)","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/Rehab-hearing-01-e1377195322405.jpg","width":640,"height":427}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"kqednewsstaffandwires":{"type":"authors","id":"237","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"237","found":true},"name":"KQED News Staff and Wires","firstName":"KQED News Staff and Wires","lastName":null,"slug":"kqednewsstaffandwires","email":"onlinenewsstaff@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72295af8ebbfbd19a4948f5271285664?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["author"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"KQED News Staff and Wires | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72295af8ebbfbd19a4948f5271285664?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72295af8ebbfbd19a4948f5271285664?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kqednewsstaffandwires"},"sjohnson":{"type":"authors","id":"11840","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11840","found":true},"name":"Sydney Johnson","firstName":"Sydney","lastName":"Johnson","slug":"sjohnson","email":"sjohnson@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Reporter","bio":"Sydney Johnson is a general assignment reporter at KQED. She previously reported on public health and city government at the San Francisco Examiner, and before that, she covered statewide education policy for EdSource. Her reporting has won multiple local, state and national awards. Sydney is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley and lives in San Francisco.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97855f2719b72ad6190b7c535fe642c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sydneyfjohnson","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sydney Johnson | KQED","description":"KQED Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97855f2719b72ad6190b7c535fe642c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/97855f2719b72ad6190b7c535fe642c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sjohnson"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11965672":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11965672","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11965672","score":null,"sort":[1698663650000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"forced-sterilization-survivors-of-california-prisons-face-reparations-deadline","title":"Forced Sterilization Survivors of California Prisons Face Reparations Deadline","publishDate":1698663650,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Forced Sterilization Survivors of California Prisons Face Reparations Deadline | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Leesha Gooseberry experienced many ups and downs before being incarcerated at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, a city 40 miles northwest of Fresno. It was in prison that a routine gynecological check-up wound up changing her life irreparably. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Leesha Gooseberry, survivor of forced sterilization\"]‘They took everything out of my stomach. I was hurt and depressed, and I just didn’t know what to do with myself. I just felt incomplete.’[/pullquote] She was 38 when a doctor at the facility told her that she would need a partial hysterectomy to remove fibroid tumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn’t until the year after she was released from prison — almost seven years after the procedure — that her primary care doctor informed her that she had been given a full hysterectomy, meaning her uterus and cervix were completely removed without her informed consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They took everything out of my stomach. I was hurt, depressed, and I just didn’t know what to do with myself,” Gooseberry, who is now 55 and lives in her home state of Louisiana, told KQED. “I just felt incomplete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State-run hospitals and institutions sterilized people — mostly Black, Latino and Native American women — from 1909–1979 as part of state eugenics policies. At least 100 women were sterilized in the early 2000s, well beyond when the state banned the practice in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, women were told they had cysts or cancerous growths that needed to be removed, only to wake up or learn several years later that doctors had performed other procedures such as tubal ligations, hysterectomies or ovary removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a state law passed in 2021, people sterilized without consent while incarcerated in California’s women’s prisons are eligible for at least $15,000. The Dec. 31 deadline for survivors to apply for funding is quickly approaching. Out of tens of thousands of people who were forcibly sterilized, less than 500 survivors or their descendants have applied to the reparations program, according to state data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far fewer people have actually received their compensation. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Jennifer James, associate professor, UCSF\"]‘Finding people, getting them to come forward and reaching people is challenging. … Records weren’t always kept, or weren’t kept well, and the whereabouts of those records are unclear.’[/pullquote] Now, time is running out for survivors of a state-run eugenics effort to receive reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding people, getting them to come forward and reaching people is challenging,” said Dr. Jennifer James, an associate professor at UCSF who has studied involuntary sterilization. “Systems and medical records were not quite what they are today as they were in 1920. Records weren’t always kept or weren’t kept well, and the whereabouts of those records are unclear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California \u003ca href=\"https://victims.ca.gov/for-victims/fiscp/#How_to_apply\">Victim Compensation Board\u003c/a> received 510 applications as of Oct. 25, according to data provided by the state. A total of 108 people were approved for the compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s compared to the 600 survivors estimated to be living when California set aside $4.5 million for survivors or their descendants two years ago. That’s a small fraction of the more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308144/\">20,000 people\u003c/a>, state records show, who were forced to undergo hysterectomies and other sterilization procedures in California since the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply, survivors or their descendants must fill out an application online or by mail detailing their experience. Survivors must have been alive at the start of the compensation program for their descendants to benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only three survivors from 1909–1979 have applied and been approved, according to James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really devastating,” she said. “There were tens of thousands of people affected. A lot of those people are no longer alive and aren’t eligible, but we’re really trying to spread the word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Survivors who can prove they were wrongfully sterilized will receive $15,000. A second and final payment of $20,000 will be sent to survivors whose applications were approved by October 2024. Any remaining money will revert to the general fund, according to the compensation board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gooseberry, who was surprised to learn other women were sterilized without consent, received the first portion of her compensation last year. Now, she is encouraging others to come forward and apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was just me,” said Gooseberry, who now advocates for incarcerated women and the reparations program. “I’ve been trying to reach as many people as I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing a traumatic life event in detail can be extremely difficult, so it was particularly painful for Carmen Worthy to learn her application was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worthy, who is currently incarcerated at California Central Women’s Facility, said a prison doctor recommended removing her uterus to stop some heavy bleeding she was experiencing due to uterine fibroids. She took his advice and went through with the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a medical doctor. So, all my yeses were from him telling me what needs to be done. I would have never done it on my own,” Worthy said in a phone interview. “You know what I mean?” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Jennifer James, associate professor, UCSF\"]‘… Continuing to spread the word to survivors is just so critical so as many people can get compensated as possible before the end of the year.’[/pullquote] She’s not alone in getting rejected by the compensation board. So far, over 400 applications, the vast majority of those submitted, have been denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray Aspuria, a spokesperson for the compensation board, said that many victims of the state’s sterilization practices have passed away or don’t have direct descendants who could apply for the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is an aging population, and survivors may not have direct descendants,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications will not be accepted beyond Dec. 31, but the state’s latest budget includes language to add up to $1 million for the compensation program through legislation in the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Securing that extra funding will depend on the outcome of a forthcoming report on the extent to which forced sterilizations took place at Los Angeles County General Hospital, according to Aspuria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t want to talk about being in these facilities that were really troubling and a really horrific time in their lives,” said James, a vocal advocate for sterilization survivors. “But continuing to spread the word to survivors is just so critical so as many people can get compensated as possible before the end of the year.” [aside label='More on California Reparations' tag='reparations'] Despite the uncertainty of coming forward for many applicants, James stressed that anyone who thinks they may qualify should apply, even those who may have unknowingly consented to the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The medical record is the word of the person perpetuating the harm,” she said. “Many people have been approved who \u003cem>did\u003c/em> sign a consent form because they stated that they didn’t know what they were consenting to, no one reviewed it with them, and they thought they were having a different procedure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More information on how to apply for compensation for involuntary sterilization can be found at the California Victim Compensation Board \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://victims.ca.gov/for-victims/fiscp/#How_to_apply\">\u003cem>website\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Applications are available in English and Spanish. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Anyone needing assistance with the application can call the compensation board’s toll-free helpline at 1-800-777-9229 from 8 a.m.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">–\u003c/span>5 p.m.\u003c/em> \u003cem>Monday\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">–\u003c/span>Friday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The deadline for compensation for survivors of involuntary sterilization while incarcerated within California prisons is Dec. 31.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1698698561,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1312},"headData":{"title":"Forced Sterilization Survivors of California Prisons Face Reparations Deadline | KQED","description":"The deadline for compensation for survivors of involuntary sterilization while incarcerated within California prisons is Dec. 31.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11965672/forced-sterilization-survivors-of-california-prisons-face-reparations-deadline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Leesha Gooseberry experienced many ups and downs before being incarcerated at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, a city 40 miles northwest of Fresno. It was in prison that a routine gynecological check-up wound up changing her life irreparably. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They took everything out of my stomach. I was hurt and depressed, and I just didn’t know what to do with myself. I just felt incomplete.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Leesha Gooseberry, survivor of forced sterilization","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> She was 38 when a doctor at the facility told her that she would need a partial hysterectomy to remove fibroid tumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn’t until the year after she was released from prison — almost seven years after the procedure — that her primary care doctor informed her that she had been given a full hysterectomy, meaning her uterus and cervix were completely removed without her informed consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They took everything out of my stomach. I was hurt, depressed, and I just didn’t know what to do with myself,” Gooseberry, who is now 55 and lives in her home state of Louisiana, told KQED. “I just felt incomplete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State-run hospitals and institutions sterilized people — mostly Black, Latino and Native American women — from 1909–1979 as part of state eugenics policies. At least 100 women were sterilized in the early 2000s, well beyond when the state banned the practice in 1979.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, women were told they had cysts or cancerous growths that needed to be removed, only to wake up or learn several years later that doctors had performed other procedures such as tubal ligations, hysterectomies or ovary removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a state law passed in 2021, people sterilized without consent while incarcerated in California’s women’s prisons are eligible for at least $15,000. The Dec. 31 deadline for survivors to apply for funding is quickly approaching. Out of tens of thousands of people who were forcibly sterilized, less than 500 survivors or their descendants have applied to the reparations program, according to state data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far fewer people have actually received their compensation. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Finding people, getting them to come forward and reaching people is challenging. … Records weren’t always kept, or weren’t kept well, and the whereabouts of those records are unclear.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dr. Jennifer James, associate professor, UCSF","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Now, time is running out for survivors of a state-run eugenics effort to receive reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding people, getting them to come forward and reaching people is challenging,” said Dr. Jennifer James, an associate professor at UCSF who has studied involuntary sterilization. “Systems and medical records were not quite what they are today as they were in 1920. Records weren’t always kept or weren’t kept well, and the whereabouts of those records are unclear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California \u003ca href=\"https://victims.ca.gov/for-victims/fiscp/#How_to_apply\">Victim Compensation Board\u003c/a> received 510 applications as of Oct. 25, according to data provided by the state. A total of 108 people were approved for the compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s compared to the 600 survivors estimated to be living when California set aside $4.5 million for survivors or their descendants two years ago. That’s a small fraction of the more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308144/\">20,000 people\u003c/a>, state records show, who were forced to undergo hysterectomies and other sterilization procedures in California since the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To apply, survivors or their descendants must fill out an application online or by mail detailing their experience. Survivors must have been alive at the start of the compensation program for their descendants to benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only three survivors from 1909–1979 have applied and been approved, according to James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really devastating,” she said. “There were tens of thousands of people affected. A lot of those people are no longer alive and aren’t eligible, but we’re really trying to spread the word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Survivors who can prove they were wrongfully sterilized will receive $15,000. A second and final payment of $20,000 will be sent to survivors whose applications were approved by October 2024. Any remaining money will revert to the general fund, according to the compensation board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gooseberry, who was surprised to learn other women were sterilized without consent, received the first portion of her compensation last year. Now, she is encouraging others to come forward and apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was just me,” said Gooseberry, who now advocates for incarcerated women and the reparations program. “I’ve been trying to reach as many people as I can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Describing a traumatic life event in detail can be extremely difficult, so it was particularly painful for Carmen Worthy to learn her application was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worthy, who is currently incarcerated at California Central Women’s Facility, said a prison doctor recommended removing her uterus to stop some heavy bleeding she was experiencing due to uterine fibroids. She took his advice and went through with the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a medical doctor. So, all my yeses were from him telling me what needs to be done. I would have never done it on my own,” Worthy said in a phone interview. “You know what I mean?” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘… Continuing to spread the word to survivors is just so critical so as many people can get compensated as possible before the end of the year.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dr. Jennifer James, associate professor, UCSF","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> She’s not alone in getting rejected by the compensation board. So far, over 400 applications, the vast majority of those submitted, have been denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray Aspuria, a spokesperson for the compensation board, said that many victims of the state’s sterilization practices have passed away or don’t have direct descendants who could apply for the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is an aging population, and survivors may not have direct descendants,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applications will not be accepted beyond Dec. 31, but the state’s latest budget includes language to add up to $1 million for the compensation program through legislation in the next few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Securing that extra funding will depend on the outcome of a forthcoming report on the extent to which forced sterilizations took place at Los Angeles County General Hospital, according to Aspuria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t want to talk about being in these facilities that were really troubling and a really horrific time in their lives,” said James, a vocal advocate for sterilization survivors. “But continuing to spread the word to survivors is just so critical so as many people can get compensated as possible before the end of the year.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on California Reparations ","tag":"reparations"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Despite the uncertainty of coming forward for many applicants, James stressed that anyone who thinks they may qualify should apply, even those who may have unknowingly consented to the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The medical record is the word of the person perpetuating the harm,” she said. “Many people have been approved who \u003cem>did\u003c/em> sign a consent form because they stated that they didn’t know what they were consenting to, no one reviewed it with them, and they thought they were having a different procedure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More information on how to apply for compensation for involuntary sterilization can be found at the California Victim Compensation Board \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://victims.ca.gov/for-victims/fiscp/#How_to_apply\">\u003cem>website\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Applications are available in English and Spanish. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Anyone needing assistance with the application can call the compensation board’s toll-free helpline at 1-800-777-9229 from 8 a.m.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">–\u003c/span>5 p.m.\u003c/em> \u003cem>Monday\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">–\u003c/span>Friday.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11965672/forced-sterilization-survivors-of-california-prisons-face-reparations-deadline","authors":["11840"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_30345","news_30652","news_19522","news_4738","news_32261","news_30638","news_2923","news_4585"],"featImg":"news_11965719","label":"news"},"news_107964":{"type":"posts","id":"news_107964","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"107964","score":null,"sort":[1377195580000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ca-legislators-urge-speedy-inquiry-into-prison-sterilizations","title":"Calif. Legislators Urge Speedy Inquiry Into Prison Sterilizations","publishDate":1377195580,"format":"aside","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107976\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/22/107964/prison-inmate-forced-sterilization/rehab-hearing-01/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-107976\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-107976\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/Rehab-hearing-01-e1377195322405.jpg\" alt=\"California Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (left) and California State Auditor Elaine Howle (right ) listen as California Assemblymember Bonnie Lowenthal asks the state’s legislative audit committee to look into the practice of sterilization of female inmates. (Randy Allen / The Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California state Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson (left) and California state Auditor Elaine Howle (right ) listen as California Assemblywoman Bonnie Lowenthal asks the state’s Joint Legislative Audit Committee to look into the practice of sterilization of female inmates. (Randy Allen / The Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003cstrong>Corey G. Johnson\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO -– Legislators today fast-tracked an audit into why doctors under contract with the state sterilized nearly 150 female prison inmates from 2006 to 2010 without the required authorizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing at the State Capitol, members of the Joint Legislative Audit Committee unanimously approved the investigation into female sterilization and asked the California state auditor’s office to make the review its highest priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Bonnie Lowenthal, D-Long Beach, and Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson, D-Santa Barbara, of the California Legislative Women’s Caucus requested the audit in response to \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917\">an investigation\u003c/a> by The Center for Investigative Reporting that found that nearly 250 inmates had received tubal ligations since 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women were signed up for the surgery while they were pregnant and housed at either the California Institution for Women in Corona or Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, which is now a men’s prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former inmates and prisoner advocates maintain that prison medical staff coerced the women, targeting those deemed likely to return to prison in the future.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tubal ligations have been restricted since 1994 to instances of medical necessity – and only when authorized by top state corrections officials. But a former medical official told CIR that prison medical staff considered the rule unfair and looked for ways around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson told the committee that the audit is intended to address a range of unanswered questions, especially in light of California’s history of forced sterilization stretching from the early 1900s to the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those of us who serve in state government, this is irrevocably unacceptable,” Jackson said. “The fact that this is the 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> century and we have to ask our state auditor to see if women are being coercively sterilized is absolutely unconscionable and, frankly, revolting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Auditor Elaine Howle said \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/775179-state-auditors-analysis-of-the-sterilization.html\">the review\u003c/a> would examine the roles, responsibilities, policies and past practices of the state prison system and its federal receivership. The receiver has overseen medical care in all 33 of the state’s prisons since 2006, when U.S. District Judge Thelton Henderson of the Northern District of California ruled that inmate health care was so poor that it violated the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auditors will examine each sterilization case from the last eight years to determine the demographics of each inmate, including economic status, ethnicity, race, number of prison terms, number of pregnancies and number of births.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The probe also will try to determine whether each inmate consented to the sterilization and, if so, how that consent was obtained. One former inmate told CIR that she was asked repeatedly to consent, including when she was on a gurney and under sedation. Nonetheless, she refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howle said the goal is to learn whether certain\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>inmates were targeted, as well as whether laws and rules were followed. She estimated the work would take seven to eight months and cost more than $380,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to really understand the whole scenario,” Howle told the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Hayhoe, spokeswoman for the federal receivership, said her office supports the review and will\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>assist auditors in their work. But Hayhoe questioned the scope of the investigation, saying it would be more appropriate to also include sterilizations that occurred before the 2006 federal takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We owe the state of California the reason why this happened,” Hayhoe said. “We had a regulation in place (during the 1990s) and, for some reason, this regulation was not followed. I think it’s really important to find out the answer to this question. We need the whole picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayhoe stated that the receivership stopped all sterilizations in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some lawmakers, however, said the focus on the receivership is warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit committee’s chairman, Assemblyman Adam Gray, D-Merced, said it is more important to understand why the receivership allowed sterilizations in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Anthony Cannella, R-Modesto, questioned how doctors under the receivership’s control could believe it was OK to sterilize inmates without permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole thing is outrageous, and I think people have broken the law,” Cannella said. “This audit should be step one in holding people accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Chandler, co-founder of the prisoner rights group Justice Now, told CIR that while her organization would support looking further into the past, federal officials must be held responsible for what happened under their stewardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandler’s group received a written response from the receivership in 2008 acknowledging that the two prisons offered tubal ligations to women. But the office didn’t act to stop sterilizations until 2010, after the Oakland-based organization filed a public records request and complained to the office of state Sen. Carol Liu, D-Glendale. Liu was the chairwoman of the Select Committee on Women and Children in the Criminal Justice System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope they go earlier than 2006, because the numbers of sterilizations tripled going into 2006. It’s important to know who was pushing that thing,” Chandler said. “But I also hope they don’t scapegoat people in the 1990s as a way to escape accountability for the people holding offices now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee meeting was the latest in a series of legislative responses to CIR’s investigation. Earlier this month, leaders of the Senate’s Public Safety Committee \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/calif-lawmakers-seek-legislation-prevent-prison-sterilization-abuse-5112\">pledged to seek legislation\u003c/a> to prevent sterilization abuses in prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Loni Hancock, D-Oakland, chairwoman of the Public Safety Committee, said she hoped a new law would clarify state policy on prison sterilizations. No timetable or details have been announced, but committee members discussed possibly adopting federal standards that more clearly ban sterilization of inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Sen. Ted Lieu, D-Redondo Beach, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/lawmakers-call-investigation-sterilization-female-inmates-4961\">requested a state Medical Board investigation\u003c/a> of all of the physicians involved in sterilizing female inmates. Lieu asked the board to consider disciplining any medical officials found to have violated state laws or rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Valine, public information analyst for the medical board, said the office received Lieu’s request but couldn’t comment further, citing confidentiality requirements. Lieu, however, said his office recently received confirmation that an investigation is underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.cironline.org/\">www.cironline.org\u003c/a>. The reporter can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:cjohnson@cironline.org\">cjohnson@cironline.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1377211769,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1139},"headData":{"title":"Calif. Legislators Urge Speedy Inquiry Into Prison Sterilizations | KQED","description":"By Corey G. Johnson, The Center for Investigative Reporting SACRAMENTO -– Legislators today fast-tracked an audit into why doctors under contract with the state sterilized nearly 150 female prison inmates from 2006 to 2010 without the required authorizations. During a hearing at the State Capitol, members of the Joint Legislative Audit Committee unanimously approved the investigation","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"107964 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=107964","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/22/ca-legislators-urge-speedy-inquiry-into-prison-sterilizations/","disqusTitle":"Calif. Legislators Urge Speedy Inquiry Into Prison Sterilizations","customPermalink":"2013/08/22/107964/prison-inmate-forced-sterilization/","path":"/news/107964/ca-legislators-urge-speedy-inquiry-into-prison-sterilizations","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107976\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/22/107964/prison-inmate-forced-sterilization/rehab-hearing-01/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-107976\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-107976\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/08/Rehab-hearing-01-e1377195322405.jpg\" alt=\"California Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (left) and California State Auditor Elaine Howle (right ) listen as California Assemblymember Bonnie Lowenthal asks the state’s legislative audit committee to look into the practice of sterilization of female inmates. (Randy Allen / The Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California state Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson (left) and California state Auditor Elaine Howle (right ) listen as California Assemblywoman Bonnie Lowenthal asks the state’s Joint Legislative Audit Committee to look into the practice of sterilization of female inmates. (Randy Allen / The Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By \u003cstrong>Corey G. Johnson\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO -– Legislators today fast-tracked an audit into why doctors under contract with the state sterilized nearly 150 female prison inmates from 2006 to 2010 without the required authorizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing at the State Capitol, members of the Joint Legislative Audit Committee unanimously approved the investigation into female sterilization and asked the California state auditor’s office to make the review its highest priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Bonnie Lowenthal, D-Long Beach, and Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson, D-Santa Barbara, of the California Legislative Women’s Caucus requested the audit in response to \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917\">an investigation\u003c/a> by The Center for Investigative Reporting that found that nearly 250 inmates had received tubal ligations since 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women were signed up for the surgery while they were pregnant and housed at either the California Institution for Women in Corona or Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, which is now a men’s prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former inmates and prisoner advocates maintain that prison medical staff coerced the women, targeting those deemed likely to return to prison in the future.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tubal ligations have been restricted since 1994 to instances of medical necessity – and only when authorized by top state corrections officials. But a former medical official told CIR that prison medical staff considered the rule unfair and looked for ways around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson told the committee that the audit is intended to address a range of unanswered questions, especially in light of California’s history of forced sterilization stretching from the early 1900s to the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those of us who serve in state government, this is irrevocably unacceptable,” Jackson said. “The fact that this is the 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup> century and we have to ask our state auditor to see if women are being coercively sterilized is absolutely unconscionable and, frankly, revolting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Auditor Elaine Howle said \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/775179-state-auditors-analysis-of-the-sterilization.html\">the review\u003c/a> would examine the roles, responsibilities, policies and past practices of the state prison system and its federal receivership. The receiver has overseen medical care in all 33 of the state’s prisons since 2006, when U.S. District Judge Thelton Henderson of the Northern District of California ruled that inmate health care was so poor that it violated the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auditors will examine each sterilization case from the last eight years to determine the demographics of each inmate, including economic status, ethnicity, race, number of prison terms, number of pregnancies and number of births.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The probe also will try to determine whether each inmate consented to the sterilization and, if so, how that consent was obtained. One former inmate told CIR that she was asked repeatedly to consent, including when she was on a gurney and under sedation. Nonetheless, she refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howle said the goal is to learn whether certain\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>inmates were targeted, as well as whether laws and rules were followed. She estimated the work would take seven to eight months and cost more than $380,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to really understand the whole scenario,” Howle told the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Hayhoe, spokeswoman for the federal receivership, said her office supports the review and will\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>assist auditors in their work. But Hayhoe questioned the scope of the investigation, saying it would be more appropriate to also include sterilizations that occurred before the 2006 federal takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We owe the state of California the reason why this happened,” Hayhoe said. “We had a regulation in place (during the 1990s) and, for some reason, this regulation was not followed. I think it’s really important to find out the answer to this question. We need the whole picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayhoe stated that the receivership stopped all sterilizations in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some lawmakers, however, said the focus on the receivership is warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit committee’s chairman, Assemblyman Adam Gray, D-Merced, said it is more important to understand why the receivership allowed sterilizations in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Anthony Cannella, R-Modesto, questioned how doctors under the receivership’s control could believe it was OK to sterilize inmates without permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole thing is outrageous, and I think people have broken the law,” Cannella said. “This audit should be step one in holding people accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cynthia Chandler, co-founder of the prisoner rights group Justice Now, told CIR that while her organization would support looking further into the past, federal officials must be held responsible for what happened under their stewardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandler’s group received a written response from the receivership in 2008 acknowledging that the two prisons offered tubal ligations to women. But the office didn’t act to stop sterilizations until 2010, after the Oakland-based organization filed a public records request and complained to the office of state Sen. Carol Liu, D-Glendale. Liu was the chairwoman of the Select Committee on Women and Children in the Criminal Justice System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope they go earlier than 2006, because the numbers of sterilizations tripled going into 2006. It’s important to know who was pushing that thing,” Chandler said. “But I also hope they don’t scapegoat people in the 1990s as a way to escape accountability for the people holding offices now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee meeting was the latest in a series of legislative responses to CIR’s investigation. Earlier this month, leaders of the Senate’s Public Safety Committee \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/calif-lawmakers-seek-legislation-prevent-prison-sterilization-abuse-5112\">pledged to seek legislation\u003c/a> to prevent sterilization abuses in prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Loni Hancock, D-Oakland, chairwoman of the Public Safety Committee, said she hoped a new law would clarify state policy on prison sterilizations. No timetable or details have been announced, but committee members discussed possibly adopting federal standards that more clearly ban sterilization of inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Sen. Ted Lieu, D-Redondo Beach, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/lawmakers-call-investigation-sterilization-female-inmates-4961\">requested a state Medical Board investigation\u003c/a> of all of the physicians involved in sterilizing female inmates. Lieu asked the board to consider disciplining any medical officials found to have violated state laws or rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Valine, public information analyst for the medical board, said the office received Lieu’s request but couldn’t comment further, citing confidentiality requirements. Lieu, however, said his office recently received confirmation that an investigation is underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.cironline.org/\">www.cironline.org\u003c/a>. The reporter can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:cjohnson@cironline.org\">cjohnson@cironline.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/107964/ca-legislators-urge-speedy-inquiry-into-prison-sterilizations","authors":["237"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_4738"],"featImg":"news_107976","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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