‘It’s a Nightmare’: Dairy Farmers Struggle to Bounce Back From Record Floods
Meet the California Farmers Awash in Colorado River Water, Even in a Drought
The Loss of My Family's Farm Is a Loss for California's Japanese Agricultural Legacy
A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley
California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts
Without Enough Water to Go Around, Farmers in California Are Exhausting Aquifers
Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers
Farmers Face Thanksgiving Losses as Some Bay Area Farmers Markets Close Due to Smoke
Key California Farm District Rejects Governor's Delta Tunnels Plan
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system.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-1020x679.jpg","width":1020,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-1920x1278.jpg","width":1920,"height":1278,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-1180x785.jpg","width":1180,"height":785,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-960x639.jpg","width":960,"height":639,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-520x346.jpg","width":520,"height":346,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-1180x785.jpg","width":1180,"height":785,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-1920x1278.jpg","width":1920,"height":1278,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/irrigationwater.jpg","width":1920,"height":1278}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_news_11946922":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11946922","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11946922","name":"\u003ca 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She holds a bachelor's degree in broadcast journalism from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Her radio romance began after a bitter breakup with documentary film (Ok, maybe it's still complicated). Her first simultaneous jobs in San Francisco were as Associate Producer on a PBS film series through the Center for Asian American Media and as a butler. She likes to trot, plot and make things with her hands.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/060e9f56b9554e17942e89f413242774?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"mshossaini","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sara Hossaini | KQED","description":"KQED Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/060e9f56b9554e17942e89f413242774?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/060e9f56b9554e17942e89f413242774?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/shossaini"},"lmorehouse":{"type":"authors","id":"3229","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3229","found":true},"name":"Lisa Morehouse","firstName":"Lisa","lastName":"Morehouse","slug":"lmorehouse","email":"morehouse.lisa@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Lisa Morehouse is an award-winning public radio and print journalist, who has filed for National Public Radio, American Public Media, KQED Public Radio, Edutopia, and McSweeney’s. Her reporting has taken her from Samoan traveling circuses to Mississippi Delta classrooms to the homes of Lao refugees in rural Iowa. In addition to reporting, she teaches radio production to at-risk youth in the Bay Area. Her series \u003ca href=\"http://afterthegoldrushradio.com/\">After the Gold Rush\u003c/a> featured the changing industries, populations and identities of rural towns throughout California. She’s now producing \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a>, a series exploring the intersections of food, culture, economics, history and labor. Follow along on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/californiafoodways?ref=hl\">Facebook page\u003c/a> or on Twitter @cafoodways.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Lisa Morehouse | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dae74b002a6e256f39abb19d6f5acaea?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lmorehouse"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11946922":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11946922","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11946922","score":null,"sort":[1681775003000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-a-nightmare-dairy-farmers-struggle-to-bounce-back-from-record-floods","title":"‘It’s a Nightmare’: Dairy Farmers Struggle to Bounce Back From Record Floods","publishDate":1681775003,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘It’s a Nightmare’: Dairy Farmers Struggle to Bounce Back From Record Floods | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Floodwaters from an overflowing Lake Success reached the Tule River next to Joseph Goni’s Tulare family dairy on March 15, in the middle of the night, much faster than he had expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Goni and his fiancee woke up, the water was at their front door. By the time his sister and brother-in-law, who also lived on the farm, pulled their children out of their home in pajamas, 2 to 3 feet of water was rushing everywhere, impossible to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goni choked up recently as he and Roberto Martinez, a 30-year employee, recounted how floodwaters nearly washed away the dairy three generations of his family had built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946960\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-800x529.png\" alt=\"Empty cow stalls on a farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-800x529.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-1020x674.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM.png 1120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Empty cow stalls on Lerda-Goni Farms outside Tulare on March 23, 2023. The stalls were emptied after floodwater submerged the farm after a series of storms. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It started with us,” Goni said of the gushing water. “Then we started hearing about it moving toward Corcoran. And it was just one dairy after the other, after the other.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Anja Raudabaugh, CEO, Western United Dairies\"]‘This was an unmitigated disaster. I don’t know how to plan for a river. It’s a nightmare.’[/pullquote]Over 72 hours, Goni, Martinez and dozens of neighbors and livestock haulers who arrived with trucks and trailers frantically herded some 2,400 cows and heifers into trailers in the dark. Even with weeks of planning, moving a few hundred head would have been difficult; moving this many in floodwaters was a nightmare, the men said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946961\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-800x531.png\" alt=\"A man wearing a beige shirt, dark long sleeve shirt and suspenders stands in a empty cow stall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-1020x677.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM.png 1124w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberto Martinez, a long-time employee of Lerda-Goni Farms, stands in the empty cow stalls on the farm on March 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The cows went to six area dairies that were on safer ground, and Goni said he was overwhelmed by his community’s support. Goni remembers joking he would understand if workers left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fight,” Martinez said, adding that Goni’s father, who died last year, would have wanted them to. “We can’t lose everything because of this week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of San Joaquin Valley farmers, workers and residents are coping with acres of floodwaters and muck, tallying the damage. One industry official estimated $20 billion in losses for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Statistics/PDFs/2022_Ag_Stats_Review.pdf\">dairy, California’s No. 1 agricultural industry (PDF)\u003c/a>, generating $7 billion in revenue statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some who lost homes also fear losing weeks or months of income. After months of atmospheric rivers, storms and record floods, the long-dry Tulare Lake is rising again from the San Joaquin Valley floor. It will be fed, experts said, by a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">historic snowpack\u003c/a> melting in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will California be ready?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-800x528.png\" alt=\"Pieces of a drainage pipe in a large body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-800x528.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-1020x673.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-1536x1013.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM.png 1540w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pieces of canal drainage pipes that were swept away down the canal after a flood hit the area on March 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, the track record for state and local emergency response has been mixed, especially in the San Joaquin Valley, where local agencies have struggled to mediate conflicts between landowners and flooded communities, and where state officials have yet to clarify their oversight role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, workers and residents in several flooded communities complained that it took weeks for the state to gain federal help through a disaster designation. Even with that, many farmworkers won’t qualify for federal cash assistance because they are undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office said some people could receive help through local partnerships using the state’s Rapid Response Fund. The state has not announced which local partners it was funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said they are bolstering infrastructure, such as levees and canals, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cal_oes/status/1646612910494613508?s=46&t=pV4TRXLqzax8nmQ5Vj0zTg\">raising some roads\u003c/a> while coordinating with agencies to help people cope with floods and prepare for possible evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Ferguson, spokesperson for the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, said state officials have been meeting with emergency managers for each affected region, coordinating area-specific evacuation plans and flood prevention measures, trying to get everyone on the same page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re paying particular attention to the Tulare basin because there’s already so much water in the system and that’s where the snowpack is really concentrated,” he said. “Humans, in many cases, are the hardest part of any disaster to control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the country’s biggest farms operate in this region. Tulare, Kern and Kings counties are top-producing dairy counties in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-tulare-lake-dairies.netlify.app/#amp=1\" width=\"800\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tulare Lake basin’s vast farmland had suffered a severe drought, like most of California. Now floodwaters envelope it, looking like an inland sea when winds whip waves over swallowed houses, farms and rural Highway 43.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all of the four rivers, countless creeks and \u003ca href=\"https://www.csustan.edu/sites/default/files/groups/Geography/Images/tulare2cj.pdf\">thousands of miles of canals linked to Tulare Lake (PDF)\u003c/a> are swollen and at capacity. The valley ground has soaked up so much water that every passing rainstorm floods yards and asphalt roads, even in urban centers like Bakersfield and Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 728px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11946963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM.png\" alt=\"A flooded road.\" width=\"728\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM.png 728w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dairy Avenue flooded with water near Hansen Ranches south of Corcoran, on March 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important reminder that California is not well-equipped to handle these extreme wet-weather events,” said Tricia Stever Blattler, executive director of the Tulare County Farm Bureau. “The message that we would like our California Legislature to hear is it’s never too soon to make better investments in infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/disaster/4699\">administration declared California’s second major disaster of the year\u003c/a> on April 3, deploying the Federal Emergency Management Agency and allowing several counties, including Tulare and Kern, to apply for additional federal assistance. Because of the declaration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/CAFSP/CalFresh/CalFresh_Disaster/D-CF-PlanApproval.pdf\">families and residents in seven counties can apply for Disaster CalFresh food benefits (PDF)\u003c/a>, the state announced Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Kings County had 47,000 acres of farmland flooded, according to the California Farm Bureau’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.agalert.com/california-ag-news/archives/april-5-2023/farmers-brace-for-more-destruction-losses-from-floods/\">online publication\u003c/a>, that county was not included in the latest emergency declaration. State officials said it could be added later. Kings County officials told The Fresno Bee that \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article273965735.html\">flooding will ruin 41% of the county’s $2.43 billion crop value\u003c/a> and cause another $1 billion in damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3.28.23-Major-Disaster-Declaration-request.pdf?emrc=c00780\">California’s request for the declaration (PDF)\u003c/a>, Newsom’s office estimated $60 million in agricultural losses in Tulare County and $70 million in Kern Counties alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California dairy industry leaders say their losses are going to be much larger. Western United Dairies CEO Anja Raudabaugh said their network is bracing for $20 billion in losses and long-term supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to evacuation costs and property damage, dairy farmers are estimating millions of dollars in losses from silage they had stored and crops they were growing to feed their cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is not enough feed, she said, farmers might have to start culling cows and shrinking their dairy operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already 75,000 cows and 15 large dairies have moved due to flooding. With major dairy processing centers like Tulare County impacted, the economic loss could be staggering, Raudabaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a single dairy that could have envisioned this type of catastrophe,” she said. “This was an unmitigated disaster. I don’t know how to plan for a river. It’s a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the brief closure of the Lactalis Heritage Dairy Kraft Foods plant, which processes some of the Tulare region’s dairy products. Its damage and floodwaters were visible from Highway 99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of California’s farmworkers, about 200,000, live in the Central Valley. Thousands are losing work and wages. Several towns and rural communities of color also are struggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is the Central Valley has a lot of front-line communities that have borne the impacts of climate and weather extremes, whether it’s drought, smoke, flood,” said John Abatzoglou, climatology professor at the University of California, Merced. “Unfortunately, they have not had the resources to prepare for these extreme events, and that’s why they’re vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Preparing for snowmelt and ‘water jiujitsu’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several regions could experience higher-than-usual flood risk from snowmelt, experts said, but the Tulare Basin’s reservoirs are smaller than the central and northern Sierra reservoirs so they hold much less water, Abatzoglou said. It’s an unfortunate mismatch with the high \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2023/04/california-gun-laws-seizures/\">snowpack in the southern Sierra\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite intermittent flooding over the years, the region’s levees, canals and dams may not be able to handle such large and rapid water flows, experts said. Floodwaters in some areas are \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/02/california-depleted-groundwater-storms/\">not sinking into the ground\u003c/a>, recharging underground water stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t have the systems in play to put water in places where you can really get a lot of groundwater recharge while minimizing the impacts to communities and agriculture,” Abatzoglou said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a year like this, hopefully, will be a catalyst for the state to find ways to be more resilient to climate variability and the extremes of climate change — because this is not likely to be the last rodeo that we’re gonna go through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson, the state emergency services spokesperson, said the current break in storms is giving emergency management officials a rare chance to prepare for the possible coming disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are assessing potential toxic hazards from agricultural or oil sites in the flood path, he said, so they can prevent contaminating nearby farmland or waterways. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-04-07/compost-facility-holding-human-waste-in-cross-hairs-of-tulare-lake-flooding\">officials may build a dam around a waste treatment plant run\u003c/a> by the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts in Kings County, according to a KVPR news report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also reaching out to underserved communities to help people access emergency information in their dominant languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And state officials are working with local water managers and county emergency personnel, planning for worst-case scenarios, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may be that this water is not such that there are enough sandbags, or you can’t physically stop it,” Ferguson said. “You might be doing water jiujitsu to move it, to flow with it, as opposed to trying to physically stop it … to move it in the smartest possible way to keep as many people safe as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may involve finagling a compromise from local agencies and land owners who have been working at cross purposes. In Kings, Kern and Tulare counties decisions about handling floodwaters have devolved into local tugs-of-war, with individual farmers influencing where waters go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a local conflict that made national headlines, the historic Black town of Allensworth, nearby Alpaugh, and farmers along the Tulare Lake bed were flooded after a large landowner refused to allow his property to flood. As Allensworth residents pleaded for official intervention and scrambled to save their community, SJV Water, a nonprofit newsroom, reported that \u003ca href=\"https://sjvwater.org/poso-creek-water-ends-standoff-with-powerful-the-j-g-boswell-when-it-busts-through-berms-heads-north/\">the landowner had placed heavy farming equipment in the way of a water manager’s efforts to use the farmer’s private canal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The creek recently burst into the canal anyway, after it also overflowed a bridge and a road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have been coordinating with local emergency forces to shore up levees and distribute sandbags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although state officials are exploring options for taking a more active role in managing floodwaters, local authorities have the jurisdiction to determine where floodwaters go, said Karla Nemeth, director of the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several communities in southern San Joaquin Valley had opted out of the Central Valley Flood Protection Plan, so the ultimate authority over where water goes — and whose property floods — can reside with county officials, small flood districts and even individual property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment all of those issues need to be addressed at the local level,” Nemeth said. “We are checking into our state authorities on flood management kinds of decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office recently issued an executive order that temporarily waives several state codes related to environmental protections around the Tulare Lake basin. But the order doesn’t allow state officials to step in and arbitrate these conflicts, a governor’s spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dairies stay on high alert\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Goni family has begun rebuilding their dairy. Their employees and cows are back and production is slowly restarting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone has been able to recover. Some dairies and farmland in the Corcoran area still are covered with water. Raudabaugh said two large dairies have closed or relocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coordination among local and state emergency resources has improved since those first two weeks, when industry leaders were fielding panicked calls from farmers, Raudabaugh said. She said she hopes they’ll be ready for the next round of flooding when the snowpack melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946965\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-800x533.png\" alt=\"A white man wearing a dark hat and a brown jacket stands near a field and body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-1020x679.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-1536x1023.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM.png 1538w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Mancebo stands near a canal by his farmland in Tulare County on March 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Mancebo, a relative of Goni’s whose dairy is a few miles down the road, was among those who rushed to help Goni and hosted some of his cows. He said the lack of infrastructure exacerbated the disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could have put more water storage in place, bigger and better infrastructure, more sinking basins, when we got this flood it wouldn’t have been near as bad to those guys on the west side,” said Mancebo, a board member of the Land O’ Lakes dairy co-op.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve avoided putting money into infrastructure. And I know the governor and nobody else wants to hear that, because they really like showing up to be the hero, and it’s more reactive than proactive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mancebo had to make other quick decisions that week. The canal linked to Lake Kaweah crossing his property began overflowing into fields where he grew winter wheat for his dairy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers and residents, rushing to protect their property, built berms to keep the water out. He knew if he did that, too, the water would have flooded another dairy down the road and some neighboring homes. His dairy was safe on higher ground, but he didn’t try to stop the water from flooding his fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the banks of the Tule River and later the ditch outside his own dairy in late March, Mancebo pointed out where the river burst through the levee protecting Goni’s dairy and had ripped out large metal drainage pipes, and where water had flooded his own fields, leaving a layer of silt and debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debris could clog the canal where it flows under the road, he said, and could cause flooding risks over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody is just going to have to stay on high alert,“ he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “domino effect” of damage to dairies and farmers has already begun, he said, with owners laying off workers because they have no work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why I have a really hard time talking about this or feeling sorry for a couple hundred acres, you know?” Mancebo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting financial help to farm laborers could be a challenge. Dairies employ higher numbers of undocumented workers than other agricultural industries, which hire workers from a federal visa program for seasonal workers. Dairies operate year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cutler resident shovel mud off his driveway in Cutler on March 12, 2023. The area was recently flooded after the levee in the area was breached during a series of storms that hit the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We couldn’t save anything’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Small communities in the Central Valley, especially on the eastern edge of Tulare County near the mountains, have flooded repeatedly this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cutler and Orosi, two towns in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-03-16/131-homes-affected-by-flooding-at-a-small-tulare-county-community-help-is-available\">more than 131 homes flooded in mid-March\u003c/a>, after water breached an overwhelmed canal in eight places and left many homes uninhabitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after his home in Cutler flooded, Victor Cabrera said he still didn’t have heat or hot water. He was able to use a space heater by running an electrical cord from a neighbor’s house on higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house next to Cabrera sustained so much damage it was condemned, and his neighbors were forced to relocate, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been rough on us,” Cabrera said, referring to his neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the hardest-hit families in Cutler lived in the Tulare County Housing Authority homes near a flooded canal. Residents pleaded for help at \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8f6EpqzvVbE\">a recent Tulare County Board of Supervisors meeting\u003c/a>, saying the destruction left behind was unsafe for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juanita Martinez cried during her testimony, saying her 9-year-old son fears the canal would break again if they return home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We couldn’t save anything,” she said during the meeting. “I’m in tears. I’m frustrated. I don’t know what to do anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The housing authority transferred Martinez’s family to a home in Dinuba, but she told CalMatters her application for federal disaster aid was rejected. Many families who don’t qualify for aid still need help, she said; plus, who is going to fix the canal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want the money,” Martinez said. “We just want the canal fixed. We’re afraid it’s going to happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946967\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-800x528.png\" alt=\"A woman holds a broom while looking at a room with chairs and other materials stacked up.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-800x528.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-1020x673.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-1536x1014.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-2048x1352.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-1920x1268.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Cabrera cleaning out the water and mud in her family home after a series of storms on March 12, 2023. Cabrera, who shares the home with her brother Victor Cabrera, said that the home has been in her family for decades and hopes to salvage it. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After weeks of rain, the long-dry Tulare Lake is rising from the San Joaquin Valley floor, endangering farms, towns, livelihoods. Now record snow on the Sierra Nevada is melting. Will the Central Valley be ready?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1681775003,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://calmatters-tulare-lake-dairies.netlify.app/#amp=1"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":75,"wordCount":3001},"headData":{"title":"‘It’s a Nightmare’: Dairy Farmers Struggle to Bounce Back From Record Floods | KQED","description":"After weeks of rain, the long-dry Tulare Lake is rising from the San Joaquin Valley floor, endangering farms, towns, livelihoods. Now record snow on the Sierra Nevada is melting. Will the Central Valley be ready?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"‘It’s a Nightmare’: Dairy Farmers Struggle to Bounce Back From Record Floods","datePublished":"2023-04-17T23:43:23.000Z","dateModified":"2023-04-17T23:43:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/nicole-foy/\">Nicole Foy\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11946922/its-a-nightmare-dairy-farmers-struggle-to-bounce-back-from-record-floods","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Floodwaters from an overflowing Lake Success reached the Tule River next to Joseph Goni’s Tulare family dairy on March 15, in the middle of the night, much faster than he had expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Goni and his fiancee woke up, the water was at their front door. By the time his sister and brother-in-law, who also lived on the farm, pulled their children out of their home in pajamas, 2 to 3 feet of water was rushing everywhere, impossible to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goni choked up recently as he and Roberto Martinez, a 30-year employee, recounted how floodwaters nearly washed away the dairy three generations of his family had built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946960\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-800x529.png\" alt=\"Empty cow stalls on a farm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-800x529.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-1020x674.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.03-PM.png 1120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Empty cow stalls on Lerda-Goni Farms outside Tulare on March 23, 2023. The stalls were emptied after floodwater submerged the farm after a series of storms. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It started with us,” Goni said of the gushing water. “Then we started hearing about it moving toward Corcoran. And it was just one dairy after the other, after the other.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘This was an unmitigated disaster. I don’t know how to plan for a river. It’s a nightmare.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Anja Raudabaugh, CEO, Western United Dairies","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Over 72 hours, Goni, Martinez and dozens of neighbors and livestock haulers who arrived with trucks and trailers frantically herded some 2,400 cows and heifers into trailers in the dark. Even with weeks of planning, moving a few hundred head would have been difficult; moving this many in floodwaters was a nightmare, the men said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946961\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-800x531.png\" alt=\"A man wearing a beige shirt, dark long sleeve shirt and suspenders stands in a empty cow stall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-1020x677.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.12-PM.png 1124w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberto Martinez, a long-time employee of Lerda-Goni Farms, stands in the empty cow stalls on the farm on March 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The cows went to six area dairies that were on safer ground, and Goni said he was overwhelmed by his community’s support. Goni remembers joking he would understand if workers left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fight,” Martinez said, adding that Goni’s father, who died last year, would have wanted them to. “We can’t lose everything because of this week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of San Joaquin Valley farmers, workers and residents are coping with acres of floodwaters and muck, tallying the damage. One industry official estimated $20 billion in losses for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Statistics/PDFs/2022_Ag_Stats_Review.pdf\">dairy, California’s No. 1 agricultural industry (PDF)\u003c/a>, generating $7 billion in revenue statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some who lost homes also fear losing weeks or months of income. After months of atmospheric rivers, storms and record floods, the long-dry Tulare Lake is rising again from the San Joaquin Valley floor. It will be fed, experts said, by a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/03/california-storm-reservoirs-flooding/\">historic snowpack\u003c/a> melting in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will California be ready?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946962\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946962\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-800x528.png\" alt=\"Pieces of a drainage pipe in a large body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-800x528.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-1020x673.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM-1536x1013.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.26.22-PM.png 1540w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pieces of canal drainage pipes that were swept away down the canal after a flood hit the area on March 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, the track record for state and local emergency response has been mixed, especially in the San Joaquin Valley, where local agencies have struggled to mediate conflicts between landowners and flooded communities, and where state officials have yet to clarify their oversight role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, workers and residents in several flooded communities complained that it took weeks for the state to gain federal help through a disaster designation. Even with that, many farmworkers won’t qualify for federal cash assistance because they are undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office said some people could receive help through local partnerships using the state’s Rapid Response Fund. The state has not announced which local partners it was funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials said they are bolstering infrastructure, such as levees and canals, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/cal_oes/status/1646612910494613508?s=46&t=pV4TRXLqzax8nmQ5Vj0zTg\">raising some roads\u003c/a> while coordinating with agencies to help people cope with floods and prepare for possible evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Ferguson, spokesperson for the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, said state officials have been meeting with emergency managers for each affected region, coordinating area-specific evacuation plans and flood prevention measures, trying to get everyone on the same page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re paying particular attention to the Tulare basin because there’s already so much water in the system and that’s where the snowpack is really concentrated,” he said. “Humans, in many cases, are the hardest part of any disaster to control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the country’s biggest farms operate in this region. Tulare, Kern and Kings counties are top-producing dairy counties in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-tulare-lake-dairies.netlify.app/#amp=1\" width=\"800\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tulare Lake basin’s vast farmland had suffered a severe drought, like most of California. Now floodwaters envelope it, looking like an inland sea when winds whip waves over swallowed houses, farms and rural Highway 43.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all of the four rivers, countless creeks and \u003ca href=\"https://www.csustan.edu/sites/default/files/groups/Geography/Images/tulare2cj.pdf\">thousands of miles of canals linked to Tulare Lake (PDF)\u003c/a> are swollen and at capacity. The valley ground has soaked up so much water that every passing rainstorm floods yards and asphalt roads, even in urban centers like Bakersfield and Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 728px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11946963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM.png\" alt=\"A flooded road.\" width=\"728\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM.png 728w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.16-PM-160x103.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dairy Avenue flooded with water near Hansen Ranches south of Corcoran, on March 22, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important reminder that California is not well-equipped to handle these extreme wet-weather events,” said Tricia Stever Blattler, executive director of the Tulare County Farm Bureau. “The message that we would like our California Legislature to hear is it’s never too soon to make better investments in infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/disaster/4699\">administration declared California’s second major disaster of the year\u003c/a> on April 3, deploying the Federal Emergency Management Agency and allowing several counties, including Tulare and Kern, to apply for additional federal assistance. Because of the declaration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/CAFSP/CalFresh/CalFresh_Disaster/D-CF-PlanApproval.pdf\">families and residents in seven counties can apply for Disaster CalFresh food benefits (PDF)\u003c/a>, the state announced Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Kings County had 47,000 acres of farmland flooded, according to the California Farm Bureau’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.agalert.com/california-ag-news/archives/april-5-2023/farmers-brace-for-more-destruction-losses-from-floods/\">online publication\u003c/a>, that county was not included in the latest emergency declaration. State officials said it could be added later. Kings County officials told The Fresno Bee that \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article273965735.html\">flooding will ruin 41% of the county’s $2.43 billion crop value\u003c/a> and cause another $1 billion in damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3.28.23-Major-Disaster-Declaration-request.pdf?emrc=c00780\">California’s request for the declaration (PDF)\u003c/a>, Newsom’s office estimated $60 million in agricultural losses in Tulare County and $70 million in Kern Counties alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California dairy industry leaders say their losses are going to be much larger. Western United Dairies CEO Anja Raudabaugh said their network is bracing for $20 billion in losses and long-term supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to evacuation costs and property damage, dairy farmers are estimating millions of dollars in losses from silage they had stored and crops they were growing to feed their cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is not enough feed, she said, farmers might have to start culling cows and shrinking their dairy operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already 75,000 cows and 15 large dairies have moved due to flooding. With major dairy processing centers like Tulare County impacted, the economic loss could be staggering, Raudabaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a single dairy that could have envisioned this type of catastrophe,” she said. “This was an unmitigated disaster. I don’t know how to plan for a river. It’s a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the brief closure of the Lactalis Heritage Dairy Kraft Foods plant, which processes some of the Tulare region’s dairy products. Its damage and floodwaters were visible from Highway 99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of California’s farmworkers, about 200,000, live in the Central Valley. Thousands are losing work and wages. Several towns and rural communities of color also are struggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is the Central Valley has a lot of front-line communities that have borne the impacts of climate and weather extremes, whether it’s drought, smoke, flood,” said John Abatzoglou, climatology professor at the University of California, Merced. “Unfortunately, they have not had the resources to prepare for these extreme events, and that’s why they’re vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Preparing for snowmelt and ‘water jiujitsu’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several regions could experience higher-than-usual flood risk from snowmelt, experts said, but the Tulare Basin’s reservoirs are smaller than the central and northern Sierra reservoirs so they hold much less water, Abatzoglou said. It’s an unfortunate mismatch with the high \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2023/04/california-gun-laws-seizures/\">snowpack in the southern Sierra\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite intermittent flooding over the years, the region’s levees, canals and dams may not be able to handle such large and rapid water flows, experts said. Floodwaters in some areas are \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2023/02/california-depleted-groundwater-storms/\">not sinking into the ground\u003c/a>, recharging underground water stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t have the systems in play to put water in places where you can really get a lot of groundwater recharge while minimizing the impacts to communities and agriculture,” Abatzoglou said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a year like this, hopefully, will be a catalyst for the state to find ways to be more resilient to climate variability and the extremes of climate change — because this is not likely to be the last rodeo that we’re gonna go through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson, the state emergency services spokesperson, said the current break in storms is giving emergency management officials a rare chance to prepare for the possible coming disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are assessing potential toxic hazards from agricultural or oil sites in the flood path, he said, so they can prevent contaminating nearby farmland or waterways. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-04-07/compost-facility-holding-human-waste-in-cross-hairs-of-tulare-lake-flooding\">officials may build a dam around a waste treatment plant run\u003c/a> by the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts in Kings County, according to a KVPR news report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also reaching out to underserved communities to help people access emergency information in their dominant languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And state officials are working with local water managers and county emergency personnel, planning for worst-case scenarios, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may be that this water is not such that there are enough sandbags, or you can’t physically stop it,” Ferguson said. “You might be doing water jiujitsu to move it, to flow with it, as opposed to trying to physically stop it … to move it in the smartest possible way to keep as many people safe as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may involve finagling a compromise from local agencies and land owners who have been working at cross purposes. In Kings, Kern and Tulare counties decisions about handling floodwaters have devolved into local tugs-of-war, with individual farmers influencing where waters go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a local conflict that made national headlines, the historic Black town of Allensworth, nearby Alpaugh, and farmers along the Tulare Lake bed were flooded after a large landowner refused to allow his property to flood. As Allensworth residents pleaded for official intervention and scrambled to save their community, SJV Water, a nonprofit newsroom, reported that \u003ca href=\"https://sjvwater.org/poso-creek-water-ends-standoff-with-powerful-the-j-g-boswell-when-it-busts-through-berms-heads-north/\">the landowner had placed heavy farming equipment in the way of a water manager’s efforts to use the farmer’s private canal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The creek recently burst into the canal anyway, after it also overflowed a bridge and a road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have been coordinating with local emergency forces to shore up levees and distribute sandbags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although state officials are exploring options for taking a more active role in managing floodwaters, local authorities have the jurisdiction to determine where floodwaters go, said Karla Nemeth, director of the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several communities in southern San Joaquin Valley had opted out of the Central Valley Flood Protection Plan, so the ultimate authority over where water goes — and whose property floods — can reside with county officials, small flood districts and even individual property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment all of those issues need to be addressed at the local level,” Nemeth said. “We are checking into our state authorities on flood management kinds of decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office recently issued an executive order that temporarily waives several state codes related to environmental protections around the Tulare Lake basin. But the order doesn’t allow state officials to step in and arbitrate these conflicts, a governor’s spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dairies stay on high alert\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Goni family has begun rebuilding their dairy. Their employees and cows are back and production is slowly restarting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone has been able to recover. Some dairies and farmland in the Corcoran area still are covered with water. Raudabaugh said two large dairies have closed or relocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coordination among local and state emergency resources has improved since those first two weeks, when industry leaders were fielding panicked calls from farmers, Raudabaugh said. She said she hopes they’ll be ready for the next round of flooding when the snowpack melts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946965\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-800x533.png\" alt=\"A white man wearing a dark hat and a brown jacket stands near a field and body of water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-800x533.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-1020x679.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM-1536x1023.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.37.39-PM.png 1538w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Mancebo stands near a canal by his farmland in Tulare County on March 23, 2023. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Mancebo, a relative of Goni’s whose dairy is a few miles down the road, was among those who rushed to help Goni and hosted some of his cows. He said the lack of infrastructure exacerbated the disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could have put more water storage in place, bigger and better infrastructure, more sinking basins, when we got this flood it wouldn’t have been near as bad to those guys on the west side,” said Mancebo, a board member of the Land O’ Lakes dairy co-op.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve avoided putting money into infrastructure. And I know the governor and nobody else wants to hear that, because they really like showing up to be the hero, and it’s more reactive than proactive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mancebo had to make other quick decisions that week. The canal linked to Lake Kaweah crossing his property began overflowing into fields where he grew winter wheat for his dairy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers and residents, rushing to protect their property, built berms to keep the water out. He knew if he did that, too, the water would have flooded another dairy down the road and some neighboring homes. His dairy was safe on higher ground, but he didn’t try to stop the water from flooding his fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on the banks of the Tule River and later the ditch outside his own dairy in late March, Mancebo pointed out where the river burst through the levee protecting Goni’s dairy and had ripped out large metal drainage pipes, and where water had flooded his own fields, leaving a layer of silt and debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debris could clog the canal where it flows under the road, he said, and could cause flooding risks over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody is just going to have to stay on high alert,“ he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A “domino effect” of damage to dairies and farmers has already begun, he said, with owners laying off workers because they have no work for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why I have a really hard time talking about this or feeling sorry for a couple hundred acres, you know?” Mancebo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting financial help to farm laborers could be a challenge. Dairies employ higher numbers of undocumented workers than other agricultural industries, which hire workers from a federal visa program for seasonal workers. Dairies operate year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cutler resident shovel mud off his driveway in Cutler on March 12, 2023. The area was recently flooded after the levee in the area was breached during a series of storms that hit the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We couldn’t save anything’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Small communities in the Central Valley, especially on the eastern edge of Tulare County near the mountains, have flooded repeatedly this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cutler and Orosi, two towns in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-03-16/131-homes-affected-by-flooding-at-a-small-tulare-county-community-help-is-available\">more than 131 homes flooded in mid-March\u003c/a>, after water breached an overwhelmed canal in eight places and left many homes uninhabitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after his home in Cutler flooded, Victor Cabrera said he still didn’t have heat or hot water. He was able to use a space heater by running an electrical cord from a neighbor’s house on higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house next to Cabrera sustained so much damage it was condemned, and his neighbors were forced to relocate, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been rough on us,” Cabrera said, referring to his neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the hardest-hit families in Cutler lived in the Tulare County Housing Authority homes near a flooded canal. Residents pleaded for help at \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8f6EpqzvVbE\">a recent Tulare County Board of Supervisors meeting\u003c/a>, saying the destruction left behind was unsafe for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juanita Martinez cried during her testimony, saying her 9-year-old son fears the canal would break again if they return home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We couldn’t save anything,” she said during the meeting. “I’m in tears. I’m frustrated. I don’t know what to do anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The housing authority transferred Martinez’s family to a home in Dinuba, but she told CalMatters her application for federal disaster aid was rejected. Many families who don’t qualify for aid still need help, she said; plus, who is going to fix the canal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want the money,” Martinez said. “We just want the canal fixed. We’re afraid it’s going to happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11946967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11946967\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-800x528.png\" alt=\"A woman holds a broom while looking at a room with chairs and other materials stacked up.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-800x528.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-1020x673.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-1536x1014.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-2048x1352.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/Screenshot-2023-04-17-at-12.38.08-PM-1920x1268.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Cabrera cleaning out the water and mud in her family home after a series of storms on March 12, 2023. Cabrera, who shares the home with her brother Victor Cabrera, said that the home has been in her family for decades and hopes to salvage it. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11946922/its-a-nightmare-dairy-farmers-struggle-to-bounce-back-from-record-floods","authors":["byline_news_11946922"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32646","news_18163","news_2131","news_32645"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11946959","label":"source_news_11946922"},"news_11927745":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11927745","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11927745","score":null,"sort":[1664997224000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meet-the-california-farmers-awash-in-colorado-river-water-even-in-a-drought","title":"Meet the California Farmers Awash in Colorado River Water, Even in a Drought","publishDate":1664997224,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>A few hundred farms in the southern tip of California, along the Mexican border, may hold the key to saving the drought-plagued Colorado River from collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These farmers, in Imperial County, currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/hourly/forecast.pdf\">draw more water\u003c/a> from the Colorado River than all of Arizona and Nevada combined. They inherited the legal right to use that water, but they're now under pressure to give up some of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Imperial Valley is a place of jarring contrasts. Half is in its natural state, a bone-dry desert. The other half is mile after mile of green fields lined by irrigation canals. A few of the fields are shrouded by showers of water delivered from long lines of sprinklers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Benson, managing partner of Benson Farms, points out a neighbor's field where a crew is planting lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very early planting,\" he says. \"There's been a bad crop in northern California. So it's been a high market. They're trying to jump on the market early and have the first lettuce to be harvested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lettuce will be in grocery stores by mid-November. Other fields are covered with alfalfa or grass that will become feed for cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area gets less attention than California's Central Valley, the nation's leading producer of produce and nuts, which draws its water from rain and snow in the Sierra Mountains, or pumps it from shrinking underground aquifers. The Imperial Valley, by contrast, has only one source of water: the Colorado River, 80 miles to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Deal brings Colorado River water to a desert\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These fields owe their existence to fortune-seeking land speculators and engineers who, starting in 1901, dug a canal to bring water to this valley from the Colorado River. Geography was the key. Most of the Imperial Valley actually lies below sea level, and well below the canal's starting point on the Colorado River near Yuma, Ariz. This allowed water to flow through the canal powered solely by gravity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction of the original canal was marked by epic engineering failure. After heavy rains in 1905, the raging Colorado burst out of its normal channel, into the unfinished construction project, and carved a new, uncontrolled path into the Imperial Valley, creating an enormous lake called the Salton Sea. It took two years to redirect the river back into its original channel. The Salton Sea still exists, although it's in \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/salton-sea/\">deep trouble\u003c/a>. It's now more salty than the ocean, heavily contaminated with agricultural runoff, and shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.iid.com/water/water-transportation-system/colorado-river-facilities/all-american-canal\">current canal\u003c/a>, built during the New Deal and called the All-American Canal, delivers enough water to the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) each year to cover all of its irrigated land – almost 800 square miles – with 5 feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that flow of water is now in question, because the Colorado River \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124150368/where-the-colorado-river-crisis-is-hitting-home\">doesn't have enough water \u003c/a>for everyone. The giant reservoirs of Lake Mead and Lake Powell are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/07/1067716380/western-megadrought-climate-lake-powell-glen-canyon-reservoir\">shrinking fast\u003c/a>, and the federal government is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/27/1119550028/7-states-and-federal-government-lack-direction-on-cutbacks-from-the-colorado-riv\">calling on all users\u003c/a> of the river's water, which include farmers and cities such as Phoenix and Las Vegas, to come up with a plan to cut their water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Porter, who's director of the \u003ca href=\"https://morrisoninstitute.asu.edu/content/kyl-center-water-policy\">Kyl Center for Water Policy\u003c/a> at Arizona State University, says the Imperial Irrigation District is now at the center of these negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have the most water, and in some senses the most power,\" she says. \"You have a lot of leverage if you have a lot of water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Water as property, backed-up by law\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Imperial Valley farmers like Andrew Leimgruber, for their part, argue that they have a legal right to all of this water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the laws in place, you know, when water comes anywhere west of the Mississippi, it's first-come, first-served, and that's how it's always been,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID laid claim to water from the Colorado River before cities like Phoenix and Tucson showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going by established law, Leimgruber says, those latecomers would be cut off from Colorado River water completely before the Imperial Irrigation District gives up any of the water to which it's entitled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, nobody really expects cities to get cut off completely. The farmers say they understand that people need water for health and safety – although maybe not for swimming pools and lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also know that this crisis is so severe that famers in the Imperial Valley will have to cut back, too. Their legal rights won't do much good if there's no more water arriving from Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A water conservation deal is in the works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"The river has a gun to everybody's heads, and it's in everybody's interest to try to work out this thing,\" says JB Hamby, a member of the irrigation district's board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing changes, within a few years, Lake Mead would drop to a level called \"dead pool\" and water would stop flowing through Hoover Dam. It would never reach the canal that supplies Imperial Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamby says the district is looking to make a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we would rather come up with voluntary agreements to live with a little bit less, to ensure that we have water,\" he says. \"If you get to a point where you're at dead pool, you have nothing at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Porter, some legal experts believe that the federal Bureau of Reclamation has the authority simply to order a reduction in water deliveries from reservoirs like Lake Mead to agricultural irrigation districts. Farmers, however, would almost certainly challenge such an order in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, farmers are hoping for a deal in which the government will pay them to use less water. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleofblue.org/2022/world/arizona-and-california-farmers-targets-for-colorado-river-cuts-draft-their-conservation-strategy/\">draft plan\u003c/a> that's circulating among irrigation districts proposes annual payments of $1,500 per acre – almost $1.4 billion in total – in exchange for cutting water use by roughly 20 percent on almost a million acres of farmland. Half of those acres lie within the Imperial Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar deals have been struck in the past, although none involved so much money. In 2003, under pressure from the federal government, IID \u003ca href=\"https://www.iid.com/water/library/qsa-water-transfer/history-of-the-qsa-related-agreements\">agreed\u003c/a> to transfer about 10 percent of its total allotment of water each year to San Diego and another neighboring water district. In exchange, San Diego pays the irrigation district more than $100 million each year. Much of the money goes to pay for projects that conserve water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Benson says a further cut of 20 percent is feasible, but it does involve costs. Farmers could buy new, more water-efficient irrigation equipment. Irrigation canals that are currently simple ditches in the dirt could be lined with concrete, to prevent water from seeping into the ground. Farmers also could reduce the amount of land planted in crops, especially alfalfa and grasses, which get baled into hay to feed cattle or horses. Those forage crops, which cover the majority of the land, aren't usually as valuable as vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of eight cuttings of alfalfa, we might turn off the water in the summer and dry up the field, and let it come back in the fall,\" Benson says. \"The reality is, we'll probably be taking more of our summers off. My kids'll be happy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lurking in those details, though, is a bigger and more worrisome question. It's about the future of the whole valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A deal affects more than farmers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Roughly 180,000 people, most of them Mexican-American, live here in towns that include El Centro, Calexico, and Brawley. Imperial County is already \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/app/uploads/140108_poverty_table_and_map.pdf\">one of the poorest\u003c/a> in California. Some fear that less water, and less farming, means fewer jobs and economic decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Hernandez, a Mexican-American activist, says that there's also a question of fairness if most of the money that the irrigation district gets for using less water – potentially hundreds of millions of dollars each year – gets passed out to just a few hundred farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the one hand, you have the most disadvantaged community, but in the same community you have some of the richest farmers!\" he says. \"Something is not right when that's going on in the neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez says that the crisis on the Colorado River provides a time for the predominantly white people who've claimed that water — and the wealth and power that came with it – to share more of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+the+California+farmers+awash+in+Colorado+River+water%2C+even+in+a+drought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A single irrigation district in California, along the Mexican border, takes more water from the Colorado River than all of Arizona and Nevada. It's under pressure to use less.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1664997224,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1436},"headData":{"title":"Meet the California Farmers Awash in Colorado River Water, Even in a Drought | KQED","description":"A single irrigation district in California, along the Mexican border, takes more water from the Colorado River than all of Arizona and Nevada. It's under pressure to use less.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Meet the California Farmers Awash in Colorado River Water, Even in a Drought","datePublished":"2022-10-05T19:13:44.000Z","dateModified":"2022-10-05T19:13:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11927745 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11927745","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/10/05/meet-the-california-farmers-awash-in-colorado-river-water-even-in-a-drought/","disqusTitle":"Meet the California Farmers Awash in Colorado River Water, Even in a Drought","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprImageAgency":"Dan Charles for NPR","nprStoryId":"1126240060","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1126240060&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126240060/meet-the-california-farmers-awash-in-colorado-river-water-even-in-a-drought?ft=nprml&f=1126240060","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 04 Oct 2022 17:57:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 04 Oct 2022 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 04 Oct 2022 17:57:13 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2022/10/20221004_me_meet_the_california_farmers_awash_in_colorado_river_water_even_in_a_drought.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=295&p=3&story=1126240060&ft=nprml&f=1126240060","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11126680930-6a073d.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=295&p=3&story=1126240060&ft=nprml&f=1126240060","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11927745/meet-the-california-farmers-awash-in-colorado-river-water-even-in-a-drought","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2022/10/20221004_me_meet_the_california_farmers_awash_in_colorado_river_water_even_in_a_drought.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=295&p=3&story=1126240060&ft=nprml&f=1126240060","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few hundred farms in the southern tip of California, along the Mexican border, may hold the key to saving the drought-plagued Colorado River from collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These farmers, in Imperial County, currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/hourly/forecast.pdf\">draw more water\u003c/a> from the Colorado River than all of Arizona and Nevada combined. They inherited the legal right to use that water, but they're now under pressure to give up some of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Imperial Valley is a place of jarring contrasts. Half is in its natural state, a bone-dry desert. The other half is mile after mile of green fields lined by irrigation canals. A few of the fields are shrouded by showers of water delivered from long lines of sprinklers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Benson, managing partner of Benson Farms, points out a neighbor's field where a crew is planting lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very early planting,\" he says. \"There's been a bad crop in northern California. So it's been a high market. They're trying to jump on the market early and have the first lettuce to be harvested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lettuce will be in grocery stores by mid-November. Other fields are covered with alfalfa or grass that will become feed for cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area gets less attention than California's Central Valley, the nation's leading producer of produce and nuts, which draws its water from rain and snow in the Sierra Mountains, or pumps it from shrinking underground aquifers. The Imperial Valley, by contrast, has only one source of water: the Colorado River, 80 miles to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Deal brings Colorado River water to a desert\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These fields owe their existence to fortune-seeking land speculators and engineers who, starting in 1901, dug a canal to bring water to this valley from the Colorado River. Geography was the key. Most of the Imperial Valley actually lies below sea level, and well below the canal's starting point on the Colorado River near Yuma, Ariz. This allowed water to flow through the canal powered solely by gravity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction of the original canal was marked by epic engineering failure. After heavy rains in 1905, the raging Colorado burst out of its normal channel, into the unfinished construction project, and carved a new, uncontrolled path into the Imperial Valley, creating an enormous lake called the Salton Sea. It took two years to redirect the river back into its original channel. The Salton Sea still exists, although it's in \u003ca href=\"https://pacinst.org/salton-sea/\">deep trouble\u003c/a>. It's now more salty than the ocean, heavily contaminated with agricultural runoff, and shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.iid.com/water/water-transportation-system/colorado-river-facilities/all-american-canal\">current canal\u003c/a>, built during the New Deal and called the All-American Canal, delivers enough water to the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) each year to cover all of its irrigated land – almost 800 square miles – with 5 feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that flow of water is now in question, because the Colorado River \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124150368/where-the-colorado-river-crisis-is-hitting-home\">doesn't have enough water \u003c/a>for everyone. The giant reservoirs of Lake Mead and Lake Powell are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/07/1067716380/western-megadrought-climate-lake-powell-glen-canyon-reservoir\">shrinking fast\u003c/a>, and the federal government is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/27/1119550028/7-states-and-federal-government-lack-direction-on-cutbacks-from-the-colorado-riv\">calling on all users\u003c/a> of the river's water, which include farmers and cities such as Phoenix and Las Vegas, to come up with a plan to cut their water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Porter, who's director of the \u003ca href=\"https://morrisoninstitute.asu.edu/content/kyl-center-water-policy\">Kyl Center for Water Policy\u003c/a> at Arizona State University, says the Imperial Irrigation District is now at the center of these negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have the most water, and in some senses the most power,\" she says. \"You have a lot of leverage if you have a lot of water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Water as property, backed-up by law\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Imperial Valley farmers like Andrew Leimgruber, for their part, argue that they have a legal right to all of this water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have the laws in place, you know, when water comes anywhere west of the Mississippi, it's first-come, first-served, and that's how it's always been,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID laid claim to water from the Colorado River before cities like Phoenix and Tucson showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going by established law, Leimgruber says, those latecomers would be cut off from Colorado River water completely before the Imperial Irrigation District gives up any of the water to which it's entitled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, nobody really expects cities to get cut off completely. The farmers say they understand that people need water for health and safety – although maybe not for swimming pools and lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also know that this crisis is so severe that famers in the Imperial Valley will have to cut back, too. Their legal rights won't do much good if there's no more water arriving from Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A water conservation deal is in the works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"The river has a gun to everybody's heads, and it's in everybody's interest to try to work out this thing,\" says JB Hamby, a member of the irrigation district's board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing changes, within a few years, Lake Mead would drop to a level called \"dead pool\" and water would stop flowing through Hoover Dam. It would never reach the canal that supplies Imperial Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamby says the district is looking to make a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we would rather come up with voluntary agreements to live with a little bit less, to ensure that we have water,\" he says. \"If you get to a point where you're at dead pool, you have nothing at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Porter, some legal experts believe that the federal Bureau of Reclamation has the authority simply to order a reduction in water deliveries from reservoirs like Lake Mead to agricultural irrigation districts. Farmers, however, would almost certainly challenge such an order in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, farmers are hoping for a deal in which the government will pay them to use less water. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.circleofblue.org/2022/world/arizona-and-california-farmers-targets-for-colorado-river-cuts-draft-their-conservation-strategy/\">draft plan\u003c/a> that's circulating among irrigation districts proposes annual payments of $1,500 per acre – almost $1.4 billion in total – in exchange for cutting water use by roughly 20 percent on almost a million acres of farmland. Half of those acres lie within the Imperial Irrigation District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar deals have been struck in the past, although none involved so much money. In 2003, under pressure from the federal government, IID \u003ca href=\"https://www.iid.com/water/library/qsa-water-transfer/history-of-the-qsa-related-agreements\">agreed\u003c/a> to transfer about 10 percent of its total allotment of water each year to San Diego and another neighboring water district. In exchange, San Diego pays the irrigation district more than $100 million each year. Much of the money goes to pay for projects that conserve water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Benson says a further cut of 20 percent is feasible, but it does involve costs. Farmers could buy new, more water-efficient irrigation equipment. Irrigation canals that are currently simple ditches in the dirt could be lined with concrete, to prevent water from seeping into the ground. Farmers also could reduce the amount of land planted in crops, especially alfalfa and grasses, which get baled into hay to feed cattle or horses. Those forage crops, which cover the majority of the land, aren't usually as valuable as vegetables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of eight cuttings of alfalfa, we might turn off the water in the summer and dry up the field, and let it come back in the fall,\" Benson says. \"The reality is, we'll probably be taking more of our summers off. My kids'll be happy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lurking in those details, though, is a bigger and more worrisome question. It's about the future of the whole valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A deal affects more than farmers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Roughly 180,000 people, most of them Mexican-American, live here in towns that include El Centro, Calexico, and Brawley. Imperial County is already \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/app/uploads/140108_poverty_table_and_map.pdf\">one of the poorest\u003c/a> in California. Some fear that less water, and less farming, means fewer jobs and economic decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Hernandez, a Mexican-American activist, says that there's also a question of fairness if most of the money that the irrigation district gets for using less water – potentially hundreds of millions of dollars each year – gets passed out to just a few hundred farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the one hand, you have the most disadvantaged community, but in the same community you have some of the richest farmers!\" he says. \"Something is not right when that's going on in the neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez says that the crisis on the Colorado River provides a time for the predominantly white people who've claimed that water — and the wealth and power that came with it – to share more of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+the+California+farmers+awash+in+Colorado+River+water%2C+even+in+a+drought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11927745/meet-the-california-farmers-awash-in-colorado-river-water-even-in-a-drought","authors":["byline_news_11927745"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_31762","news_17601","news_18163","news_31761"],"featImg":"news_11927746","label":"source_news_11927745"},"news_11927282":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11927282","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11927282","score":null,"sort":[1664583538000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-loss-of-my-familys-farm-is-a-loss-for-californias-japanese-agricultural-legacy","title":"The Loss of My Family's Farm Is a Loss for California's Japanese Agricultural Legacy","publishDate":1664583538,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us as part of a collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>, a daily news source for critical thought about the American food system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of my 20s, I fantasized about working on a farm. I’d wake up with the birds and spend most of my time outdoors, learning about the basics like soil composition, pest management and tractor safety. The plants themselves would teach the more conceptual subjects, on tenacity and growth. This version of myself would be more attuned to nature and to herself — the kind of knowing that I imagined could only come from true solitude, away from technology and the white noise of everyday life. The farm would be my \"Walden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t realize it then, but my daydreaming wasn’t just a coping mechanism — it was largely a yearning for connection with my Japanese heritage, and the side of my family I share it with. They’d been farming in California since immigrating, and, when I was growing up, our relationship had mostly boiled down to annual pleasantries (not including my bachan, my grandma, who attended all of my horse shows and volleyball games with a bag of salty Tengu beef jerky in hand).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927398\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"A woman on a farm holding cut sunflowers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caroline Hatano harvesting her first sunflowers at Siena Farms in Sudbury, Massachusetts, in 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Caroline Hatano)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until last year, on the brink of turning 30, that I finally got the nerve to hit pause on the college-to-corporate-America pipeline to work on a vegetable farm just outside Boston. At my 9-to-5 job, I’d been a senior editor at a small content agency. On the farm, I was just another Carhartt-clad apprentice plastering bandages on my tender, cracked hands. Each week, we’d seed new plants in the greenhouse, transplant and maintain seedlings in the fields, harvest as fast as we could, and pack boxes for the weekly CSA (community-supported agriculture) in an assembly line, with someone’s playlist setting the pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before I ever even touched a harvest knife, I knew my favorite crop would be sunflowers. And sure enough, every time I worked my way down a towering row, tilting each flower’s belly down to check how many petals had popped, stumbling out of the field with as many as I could sling across each arm, infant-style, I was reminded of my jichan — my grandpa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"post-simple\">\n\u003cp>Some 70 years ago, he had sized up his newly leased plot of land and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailybreeze.com/2021/11/24/the-last-japanese-american-farm-on-the-palos-verdes-peninsula-will-close-this-is-why/\">decided to gamble on the very same flower\u003c/a>. His farm was across the country in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, a coastal Los Angeles suburb that looks like a California tourism poster, with dramatic rolling hills and cliffs to match. When he died in 2015, just a year after retiring, I had a kind of awakening, realizing I’d missed my opportunity to connect with him in any kind of meaningful adult way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after I wrapped up my apprenticeship and moved to Brooklyn, I learned that his farm, which had continued to operate under his longtime foreman, \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/rancho-palos-verdes-hatano-farm-facing-shut-down-land-use/11569082/\">would soon be forced to close\u003c/a>. Like many farmers in the U.S., he’d rented his land, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailybreeze.com/2021/11/24/the-last-japanese-american-farm-on-the-palos-verdes-peninsula-will-close-this-is-why/\">under pressure\u003c/a> from the National Park Service, the city of Rancho Palos Verdes was terminating the lease. It would have meant the end of an era for my family regardless, but his farm also happens to hold a larger, more significant legacy: It’s the last Japanese American-founded farm on a peninsula that was once home to hundreds of them — and on Aug. 16, 2022, it ceased to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-800x590.jpg\" alt=\"A man holding baby's breath flowers, while standing beside a white van.\" width=\"800\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-1020x752.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers.jpg 1075w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Hatano favored baby’s breath on his Rancho Palos Verdes ranch, for its slight drought resistance. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hatano family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I grew up hearing stories about what the peninsula used to be like, back when it was crowded with strawberry and garbanzo bean farms run by Japanese Americans, and my dad would go pigeon hunting with the rest of the farm kids as a method of pest control. Now the area is home to a Trump golf course, a luxury coastal resort and neat rows of identical houses. That's all thanks to the Japanese American community, which first leased the land in 1882 and transformed it from desert into \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunset.com/home-garden/brief-history-of-japanese-american-farmers-in-the-west\">fertile farmland\u003c/a>. Together, many of the farmers pioneered dry-farming techniques that are still in use today, and increasingly important as California’s climate grows increasingly arid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve since learned that a similar story played out up and down the West Coast, despite Japanese immigrants not being able to legally own agricultural land in California until 1952. By the 1910s, nearly two-thirds of residents with Japanese ancestry on the West Coast worked in farming. And they were incredibly successful at it — \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/research/japanese-americans/justice-denied/chapter-4.pdf\">the average value per acre was $280\u003c/a> for Japanese farms, versus an average $38 for all West Coast farms. In Los Angeles County, where my jichan raised sunflowers and baby’s breath, Japanese American farmers generated $16 million of the $25 million flower market business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927394\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-800x524.jpeg\" alt=\"An newsletter description about the Future Farmers of America, showing a photo of young Japanese men.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-800x524.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-1020x668.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-160x105.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While incarcerated at the Poston, Arizona, camp, James Hatano was a member of the Future Farmers of America organization. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hatano family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It makes sense, then, that in 1942, when 120,000 Japanese people on the West Coast (\u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1201502/japanese-internment-camps-during-world-war-ii-are-a-lesson-in-the-scary-economics-of-racial-resentment/\">the vast majority of whom were American citizens\u003c/a>) were incarcerated in concentration camps following Executive Order 9066, white growers were the ones who benefited from commodity price spikes due to shortages. And it’s no coincidence that today, white landowners still control an estimated 98% of farmland in the U.S. I was reminded of this fact every time I toured another organic farm last summer — each grew the same things, used the same tools, shared the same foundational history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the subsequent years of incarceration, many Japanese Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunset.com/home-garden/brief-history-of-japanese-american-farmers-in-the-west\">lost their land, had their equipment stolen, and were forced into agricultural work at camps\u003c/a>. Most never returned to their former agrarian lives. After the war, the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that Japanese American farm ownership, including leases, dropped to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/19/515822019/farming-behind-barbed-wire-japanese-americans-remember-wwii-incarceration\">less than a quarter\u003c/a> of what it had been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My jichan was incarcerated in the Poston, Arizona, camp as a teenager, eventually escaping by enlisting in the military. It wasn’t until the 1950s that he leased his peninsula plot from the military, \u003ca href=\"https://www.visualcapitalist.com/how-much-land-does-the-u-s-military-control-in-each-state/\">which still controls 1.7 million acres of land in California\u003c/a>. When the city of Rancho Palos Verdes was incorporated in 1973, part of the land-transfer agreement mandated that the parcel he was on be converted to recreational use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it was out of guilt, respect or plain-old bureaucratic disorganization, the city allowed my jichan to renew his lease anyway until 2014. That was the year he retired and transferred the lease to Martin Martinez, who had started working with him at the farm as a teenage immigrant from Mexico. Allowing his legacy to live on through Martinez would have been especially meaningful, as he represents another oppressed community that now forms the backbone of California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my jichan’s lease expires, with it will go our community’s only tangible tie to the land we nurtured and made viable, land that provided Japanese Americans with livelihoods, camaraderie and an anchor in times of great turbulence and terror. And although Rancho Palos Verdes is pursuing a historical designation with the intention of preserving that history in some way, it doesn’t feel equitable in any sense. A plaque doesn’t maintain a sense of place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/life/food-drink/meet-bainbridge-islands-last-japanese-american-farmer/#:~:text=Across%20the%20island%2C%20Japanese%20American,community%20of%20Japanese%20American%20farmers.\">And this story isn’t singular\u003c/a>, which naturally leads me to a string of what-ifs: If Executive Order 9066 had never been issued, if Japanese Americans didn’t suffer devastating economic setbacks as a result, if we didn’t continue to face discriminatory laws after the war ended, would my jichan have been able to buy land? Would property ownership alone have dramatically changed California’s agricultural landscape?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, leasing farmland is still common practice today: In 2016, the USDA reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/farm-economy/land-use-land-value-tenure/farmland-ownership-and-tenure/#:~:text=Approximately%2039%20percent%20of%20the,over%2025%20percent%20of%20pastureland\">more than half of cropland in the U.S. is rented\u003c/a>. An inability to acquire land is one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/barriers-for-beginning-farmers\">biggest barriers to entry for new farmers\u003c/a>, and because many white families already own farmland or other land they can sell to acquire it, farming remains a predominantly white industry. Like many things in this country, the hierarchy — with white landowners at the top and immigrant laborers at the bottom — stays intact by structural design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11927399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales.jpg\" alt=\"Three farmers pose in a crop of nopales.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nopales were also a common crop on Hatano’s farm, which sold well to Mexican restaurants in the area. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hatano family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before I started my apprenticeship, I wondered if one season of farming would be enough to fulfill my agrarian fantasy. Now, a full year out, I find myself mentally drifting back to the easy routine of last summer — of spending all day with my hands in the dirt, playing Marco Polo in the sunflower fields, driving home in silence with the windows down, smelling like sweat and tomato plants. I recognize in farming and gardening an opportunity to feed people, but also to build collective knowledge, establish traditions and honor shared history. And, eventually, I hope, to challenge the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things I like most about farming is that you’re always building on your own work. Over time you create the kind of soil you want, and each season you review last year’s notes and make adjustments to improve yield. It’s a practice that rewards patience. In some ways, turning soil over is almost like burying our dead — cover crops and sunflower stalks become food for the next generation. Which means that long after you’ve left land behind, there’s always evidence you were there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My jichan’s farm might no longer exist in name after this month, but in every plant that blooms up and down the peninsula, there will be a small piece of him and the community he belonged to. And that’s something no one can take away.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An ode to the Japanese American community that transformed Southern California into the agricultural hub it is today. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1664639000,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1734},"headData":{"title":"The Loss of My Family's Farm Is a Loss for California's Japanese Agricultural Legacy | KQED","description":"An ode to the Japanese American community that transformed Southern California into the agricultural hub it is today. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Loss of My Family's Farm Is a Loss for California's Japanese Agricultural Legacy","datePublished":"2022-10-01T00:18:58.000Z","dateModified":"2022-10-01T15:43:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11927282 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11927282","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/09/30/the-loss-of-my-familys-farm-is-a-loss-for-californias-japanese-agricultural-legacy/","disqusTitle":"The Loss of My Family's Farm Is a Loss for California's Japanese Agricultural Legacy","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a92a8b54-87e6-483a-a29e-af200152defe/audio.mp3","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/author/chatano/\">Caroline Hatano\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11927282/the-loss-of-my-familys-farm-is-a-loss-for-californias-japanese-agricultural-legacy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes to us as part of a collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>, a daily news source for critical thought about the American food system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For much of my 20s, I fantasized about working on a farm. I’d wake up with the birds and spend most of my time outdoors, learning about the basics like soil composition, pest management and tractor safety. The plants themselves would teach the more conceptual subjects, on tenacity and growth. This version of myself would be more attuned to nature and to herself — the kind of knowing that I imagined could only come from true solitude, away from technology and the white noise of everyday life. The farm would be my \"Walden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t realize it then, but my daydreaming wasn’t just a coping mechanism — it was largely a yearning for connection with my Japanese heritage, and the side of my family I share it with. They’d been farming in California since immigrating, and, when I was growing up, our relationship had mostly boiled down to annual pleasantries (not including my bachan, my grandma, who attended all of my horse shows and volleyball games with a bag of salty Tengu beef jerky in hand).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927398\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"A woman on a farm holding cut sunflowers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/panese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-3-caroline-sunflowers.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caroline Hatano harvesting her first sunflowers at Siena Farms in Sudbury, Massachusetts, in 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Caroline Hatano)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until last year, on the brink of turning 30, that I finally got the nerve to hit pause on the college-to-corporate-America pipeline to work on a vegetable farm just outside Boston. At my 9-to-5 job, I’d been a senior editor at a small content agency. On the farm, I was just another Carhartt-clad apprentice plastering bandages on my tender, cracked hands. Each week, we’d seed new plants in the greenhouse, transplant and maintain seedlings in the fields, harvest as fast as we could, and pack boxes for the weekly CSA (community-supported agriculture) in an assembly line, with someone’s playlist setting the pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before I ever even touched a harvest knife, I knew my favorite crop would be sunflowers. And sure enough, every time I worked my way down a towering row, tilting each flower’s belly down to check how many petals had popped, stumbling out of the field with as many as I could sling across each arm, infant-style, I was reminded of my jichan — my grandpa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"post-simple\">\n\u003cp>Some 70 years ago, he had sized up his newly leased plot of land and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailybreeze.com/2021/11/24/the-last-japanese-american-farm-on-the-palos-verdes-peninsula-will-close-this-is-why/\">decided to gamble on the very same flower\u003c/a>. His farm was across the country in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, a coastal Los Angeles suburb that looks like a California tourism poster, with dramatic rolling hills and cliffs to match. When he died in 2015, just a year after retiring, I had a kind of awakening, realizing I’d missed my opportunity to connect with him in any kind of meaningful adult way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after I wrapped up my apprenticeship and moved to Brooklyn, I learned that his farm, which had continued to operate under his longtime foreman, \u003ca href=\"https://abc7.com/rancho-palos-verdes-hatano-farm-facing-shut-down-land-use/11569082/\">would soon be forced to close\u003c/a>. Like many farmers in the U.S., he’d rented his land, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailybreeze.com/2021/11/24/the-last-japanese-american-farm-on-the-palos-verdes-peninsula-will-close-this-is-why/\">under pressure\u003c/a> from the National Park Service, the city of Rancho Palos Verdes was terminating the lease. It would have meant the end of an era for my family regardless, but his farm also happens to hold a larger, more significant legacy: It’s the last Japanese American-founded farm on a peninsula that was once home to hundreds of them — and on Aug. 16, 2022, it ceased to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-800x590.jpg\" alt=\"A man holding baby's breath flowers, while standing beside a white van.\" width=\"800\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-1020x752.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-5-unloading-flowers.jpg 1075w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Hatano favored baby’s breath on his Rancho Palos Verdes ranch, for its slight drought resistance. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hatano family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I grew up hearing stories about what the peninsula used to be like, back when it was crowded with strawberry and garbanzo bean farms run by Japanese Americans, and my dad would go pigeon hunting with the rest of the farm kids as a method of pest control. Now the area is home to a Trump golf course, a luxury coastal resort and neat rows of identical houses. That's all thanks to the Japanese American community, which first leased the land in 1882 and transformed it from desert into \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunset.com/home-garden/brief-history-of-japanese-american-farmers-in-the-west\">fertile farmland\u003c/a>. Together, many of the farmers pioneered dry-farming techniques that are still in use today, and increasingly important as California’s climate grows increasingly arid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve since learned that a similar story played out up and down the West Coast, despite Japanese immigrants not being able to legally own agricultural land in California until 1952. By the 1910s, nearly two-thirds of residents with Japanese ancestry on the West Coast worked in farming. And they were incredibly successful at it — \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/research/japanese-americans/justice-denied/chapter-4.pdf\">the average value per acre was $280\u003c/a> for Japanese farms, versus an average $38 for all West Coast farms. In Los Angeles County, where my jichan raised sunflowers and baby’s breath, Japanese American farmers generated $16 million of the $25 million flower market business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927394\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-800x524.jpeg\" alt=\"An newsletter description about the Future Farmers of America, showing a photo of young Japanese men.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-800x524.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-1020x668.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan-160x105.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/220811-rancho-palos-verdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-4-yearbook-scan.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While incarcerated at the Poston, Arizona, camp, James Hatano was a member of the Future Farmers of America organization. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hatano family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It makes sense, then, that in 1942, when 120,000 Japanese people on the West Coast (\u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1201502/japanese-internment-camps-during-world-war-ii-are-a-lesson-in-the-scary-economics-of-racial-resentment/\">the vast majority of whom were American citizens\u003c/a>) were incarcerated in concentration camps following Executive Order 9066, white growers were the ones who benefited from commodity price spikes due to shortages. And it’s no coincidence that today, white landowners still control an estimated 98% of farmland in the U.S. I was reminded of this fact every time I toured another organic farm last summer — each grew the same things, used the same tools, shared the same foundational history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the subsequent years of incarceration, many Japanese Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunset.com/home-garden/brief-history-of-japanese-american-farmers-in-the-west\">lost their land, had their equipment stolen, and were forced into agricultural work at camps\u003c/a>. Most never returned to their former agrarian lives. After the war, the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that Japanese American farm ownership, including leases, dropped to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/19/515822019/farming-behind-barbed-wire-japanese-americans-remember-wwii-incarceration\">less than a quarter\u003c/a> of what it had been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My jichan was incarcerated in the Poston, Arizona, camp as a teenager, eventually escaping by enlisting in the military. It wasn’t until the 1950s that he leased his peninsula plot from the military, \u003ca href=\"https://www.visualcapitalist.com/how-much-land-does-the-u-s-military-control-in-each-state/\">which still controls 1.7 million acres of land in California\u003c/a>. When the city of Rancho Palos Verdes was incorporated in 1973, part of the land-transfer agreement mandated that the parcel he was on be converted to recreational use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it was out of guilt, respect or plain-old bureaucratic disorganization, the city allowed my jichan to renew his lease anyway until 2014. That was the year he retired and transferred the lease to Martin Martinez, who had started working with him at the farm as a teenage immigrant from Mexico. Allowing his legacy to live on through Martinez would have been especially meaningful, as he represents another oppressed community that now forms the backbone of California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my jichan’s lease expires, with it will go our community’s only tangible tie to the land we nurtured and made viable, land that provided Japanese Americans with livelihoods, camaraderie and an anchor in times of great turbulence and terror. And although Rancho Palos Verdes is pursuing a historical designation with the intention of preserving that history in some way, it doesn’t feel equitable in any sense. A plaque doesn’t maintain a sense of place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/life/food-drink/meet-bainbridge-islands-last-japanese-american-farmer/#:~:text=Across%20the%20island%2C%20Japanese%20American,community%20of%20Japanese%20American%20farmers.\">And this story isn’t singular\u003c/a>, which naturally leads me to a string of what-ifs: If Executive Order 9066 had never been issued, if Japanese Americans didn’t suffer devastating economic setbacks as a result, if we didn’t continue to face discriminatory laws after the war ended, would my jichan have been able to buy land? Would property ownership alone have dramatically changed California’s agricultural landscape?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, leasing farmland is still common practice today: In 2016, the USDA reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/farm-economy/land-use-land-value-tenure/farmland-ownership-and-tenure/#:~:text=Approximately%2039%20percent%20of%20the,over%2025%20percent%20of%20pastureland\">more than half of cropland in the U.S. is rented\u003c/a>. An inability to acquire land is one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/barriers-for-beginning-farmers\">biggest barriers to entry for new farmers\u003c/a>, and because many white families already own farmland or other land they can sell to acquire it, farming remains a predominantly white industry. Like many things in this country, the hierarchy — with white landowners at the top and immigrant laborers at the bottom — stays intact by structural design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11927399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales.jpg\" alt=\"Three farmers pose in a crop of nopales.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/rdes-farm-japanese-american-farmers-agriculture-california-history-2-nopales-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nopales were also a common crop on Hatano’s farm, which sold well to Mexican restaurants in the area. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Hatano family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before I started my apprenticeship, I wondered if one season of farming would be enough to fulfill my agrarian fantasy. Now, a full year out, I find myself mentally drifting back to the easy routine of last summer — of spending all day with my hands in the dirt, playing Marco Polo in the sunflower fields, driving home in silence with the windows down, smelling like sweat and tomato plants. I recognize in farming and gardening an opportunity to feed people, but also to build collective knowledge, establish traditions and honor shared history. And, eventually, I hope, to challenge the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things I like most about farming is that you’re always building on your own work. Over time you create the kind of soil you want, and each season you review last year’s notes and make adjustments to improve yield. It’s a practice that rewards patience. In some ways, turning soil over is almost like burying our dead — cover crops and sunflower stalks become food for the next generation. Which means that long after you’ve left land behind, there’s always evidence you were there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My jichan’s farm might no longer exist in name after this month, but in every plant that blooms up and down the peninsula, there will be a small piece of him and the community he belonged to. And that’s something no one can take away.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11927282/the-loss-of-my-familys-farm-is-a-loss-for-californias-japanese-agricultural-legacy","authors":["byline_news_11927282"],"programs":["news_26731"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_4092","news_31720","news_18163","news_6431","news_17856","news_29180"],"featImg":"news_11927397","label":"news_26731"},"news_11891401":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11891401","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11891401","score":null,"sort":[1633655685000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-california-law-meant-to-reduce-the-exploitation-of-aquifers-could-transform-the-central-valley","title":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley","publishDate":1633655685,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California’s agricultural empire is facing a shakeup, as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) comes into effect that will limit many farmers’ access to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven-year-old law is supposed to stop the over-pumping from depleted aquifers, and some farmers — the largest users of that water — concede the limits are overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11891246\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer1-1020x681.jpg\"]The state grows roughly 40% of the country’s vegetables, fruit and nuts. But it’s also famously prone to drought, and in those dry years, when farms run short of water from rivers and reservoirs, they turn on powerful pumps and draw well water from aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limits on that water use will force many farmers to scrap practices that relied on unfettered access to that shrinking underground reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” said Rick Cosyns, a farmer near the town of Madera, just north of Fresno. “It’s just a race to the bottom.” Cosyns, who was interviewed in August, died unexpectedly on September 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s drought hit hard and fast. With rivers running low, there’s little “surface water” available for agriculture. As a result, farmers’ pumps ran hard this summer. Big pipes that emerge from the ground alongside fields and orchards delivered powerful gushers of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891503\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg\" alt=\"Rick Cosyns stands next to his farm's well, a large metal container with water flowing inside.\" width=\"1448\" height=\"971\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg 1448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Cosyns, a farmer in Madera, relied on water from the aquifer in years of drought. In other years he could replenish the aquifer with water from the San Joaquin River. “It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” he said in August before he passed away the following month. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State-wide, farmers to pumped an estimated six to seven million additional acre-feet of water this year, above what they normally use. (An acre-foot of water is 325,851 gallons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It kept fields and orchards green and productive, but there’s collateral damage. Those deep agricultural wells suck the water out from underneath smaller domestic wells, like the one at Esther Espinoza’s house outside the small town of Riverdale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water. It’s something so sad for me,” Espinoza said. “We have water for nothing. For the bathroom, or the kitchen. It’s something which is so necessary, [that] we don’t have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Esther Espinoza, Resident of Fresno County\"]‘I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water.’[/pullquote]She and her family now depend on water from a big black tank in their front yard, which a local non-profit fills up each week. Hundreds, and probably thousands, of households are in this situation, most of them in the southern part of the Central Valley, where aquifers are most depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it. They pumped so much water that the underground water table fell by more than 100 feet in some places. The ground itself subsided as water was pumped out from underneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that’s supposed to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA passed in 2014 but is just now going into effect and it treats the aquifer like a bank account that has to stay in balance. There can be withdrawals of water, but they cannot exceed the rate at which the aquifer is replenished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions are creating winners and losers among farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns’s farm, near Madera, is among the fortunate ones. It has another source of water. It’s part of an irrigation district set up a century ago to distribute water from nearby rivers to farmers. Most of that water, today, is captured by a dam on the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deep irrigation ditch runs alongside the almond orchard. It’s empty this year because of the drought. “I’d sure feel better if this was full of water, and most years it is,” Cosysns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891508\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1297px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg\" alt=\"Dozens of cows are gathered inside a closed space. Nearby is a metal well with many tubes sticking out.\" width=\"1297\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg 1297w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1297px) 100vw, 1297px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a farming area east of Tulare County, fields of corn and dairy herds depend on water from wells like this one. The state is now limiting the use of this groundwater. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most years, when there’s enough rain and snow, he could use that water to irrigate orchards and let some of the water just sink back into the ground. Eventually that water can filter all the way back down to the aquifer, hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a way to keep that aquifer bank account roughly in balance, making water deposits when there’s plenty of water from the river, and pumping water out again when there’s a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even here, the water table in the aquifer has been falling. The reason, Cosyns said, lay elsewhere. “The surrounding areas are pumping the water out from under us,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those farmers own land that’s outside the irrigation district, and they don’t get water from the dam on the San Joaquin River. They pump from the aquifer every year, making withdrawals but no deposits. Under the new law, that will have to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns had only limited sympathy. “We’ve made the investments” in securing additional water supplies, he said, “and others are getting into our bank accounts that we saved for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who rely solely on groundwater may think it’s their right to do that indefinitely, “but we’ve come to that day of reckoning, when that’s no longer going to be the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"David Roberts, Farmer in Tulare County\"]‘We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States.’[/pullquote]This is the main division in California agriculture as the groundwater law comes into force. On the one side are farmers in irrigation districts with secure access to water from California’s rivers and reservoirs; on the other, farmers who’ve relied almost completely on their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the aquifer-dependent farmers will have to cut their pumping drastically, and that likely means they’ll have to idle some of their land. According to some estimates, anywhere from half a million to a million acres will cease growing agricultural crops in the San Joaquin Valley, from Sacramento and Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not sit well with some farmers, such as David Roberts, who grows citrus crops in Tulare County. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other place, he says, has the climate to grow more than 400 different crops. And when consumers realize what they’re missing, he expects a backlash. “This ground will come back into production one way or another,” he explained. “The United States cannot be without the San Joaquin Valley producing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1452px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Charles stands in front of a field and points at it, with a concerned look on his face.\" width=\"1452\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg 1452w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1452px) 100vw, 1452px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Roberts grows citrus crops on the eastern side of the Central Valley, near Woodlake, in Tulare County. Some of his orchards depend entirely on water that he pumps from the aquifer and he’s worried that the SGMA will hinder his farm’s capacity to grow. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis,” he said. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberts agrees that overuse of the aquifer has to end. But he wants the government to step in to deliver more water from rivers and dams to make up for the lost groundwater, to keep more land in production and also replenish the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952 hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg\"]Other water experts say that’s a pipe dream, and unnecessary. Some crops currently grown in the Central Valley, including almost half a million acres of corn used to feed dairy cattle, can easily be grown elsewhere. California’s dairy industry is likely to contract because cattle feed will become increasingly scarce, they say, but consumers will barely notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some farmers think the future looks bright. “I actually think it’s going to be a better future than the past has been,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People already are working on creative ways to adapt and prosper, he says. Farmers and water managers are building the infrastructure to capture more water in years when it rains, flood their fields, and replenish the aquifer. That will allow them to pump more groundwater in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some land still will have to stop growing crops, Reiter says, “but we’re going to take that land and put it to other uses.” There are profits to be made leasing land for solar production, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1453px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891505\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg\" alt=\"A field of dozens of solar panels stand in the middle of a barren, dry landscape.\" width=\"1453\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg 1453w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1453px) 100vw, 1453px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar farms, like this one in Tulare County, have replaced some vegetable fields and orchards in the Central Valley. “I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” he said. “It could be a big part of our state achieving its renewable energy objectives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a new state program that will pay farmers to turn fallowed fields into habitat for birds, lizards, and native shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Drought Coverage' tag='drought']No one knows exactly what that Central Valley will look like when this all shakes out. Dozens of local committees are in charge of enforcing the new groundwater law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soapy Mulholland, a conservationist who’s on half a dozen of these committees, says they include a much larger range of viewpoints than previously had influence over groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re considering disadvantaged communities, the farmers, you’re considering the environment, and all those players are at the table,” she said. “And that’s a good thing.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, passed in California in 2014 to prevent farmers from overdrawing aquifers may be creating winners and losers among growers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974769,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1837},"headData":{"title":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley | KQED","description":"The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, passed in California in 2014 to prevent farmers from overdrawing aquifers may be creating winners and losers among growers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A California Law Meant to Reduce the Exploitation of Aquifers Could Transform the Central Valley","datePublished":"2021-10-08T01:14:45.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T18:46:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11891401/a-california-law-meant-to-reduce-the-exploitation-of-aquifers-could-transform-the-central-valley","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s agricultural empire is facing a shakeup, as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) comes into effect that will limit many farmers’ access to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven-year-old law is supposed to stop the over-pumping from depleted aquifers, and some farmers — the largest users of that water — concede the limits are overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11891246","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer1-1020x681.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The state grows roughly 40% of the country’s vegetables, fruit and nuts. But it’s also famously prone to drought, and in those dry years, when farms run short of water from rivers and reservoirs, they turn on powerful pumps and draw well water from aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limits on that water use will force many farmers to scrap practices that relied on unfettered access to that shrinking underground reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” said Rick Cosyns, a farmer near the town of Madera, just north of Fresno. “It’s just a race to the bottom.” Cosyns, who was interviewed in August, died unexpectedly on September 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s drought hit hard and fast. With rivers running low, there’s little “surface water” available for agriculture. As a result, farmers’ pumps ran hard this summer. Big pipes that emerge from the ground alongside fields and orchards delivered powerful gushers of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891503\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1448px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg\" alt=\"Rick Cosyns stands next to his farm's well, a large metal container with water flowing inside.\" width=\"1448\" height=\"971\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3.jpg 1448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Cosyns, a farmer in Madera, relied on water from the aquifer in years of drought. In other years he could replenish the aquifer with water from the San Joaquin River. “It’s unsustainable to continue over-drafting the aquifer the way we are,” he said in August before he passed away the following month. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State-wide, farmers to pumped an estimated six to seven million additional acre-feet of water this year, above what they normally use. (An acre-foot of water is 325,851 gallons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It kept fields and orchards green and productive, but there’s collateral damage. Those deep agricultural wells suck the water out from underneath smaller domestic wells, like the one at Esther Espinoza’s house outside the small town of Riverdale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water. It’s something so sad for me,” Espinoza said. “We have water for nothing. For the bathroom, or the kitchen. It’s something which is so necessary, [that] we don’t have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I see how the big pumps are pumping water, and we don’t have water.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Esther Espinoza, Resident of Fresno County","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She and her family now depend on water from a big black tank in their front yard, which a local non-profit fills up each week. Hundreds, and probably thousands, of households are in this situation, most of them in the southern part of the Central Valley, where aquifers are most depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it. They pumped so much water that the underground water table fell by more than 100 feet in some places. The ground itself subsided as water was pumped out from underneath it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that’s supposed to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA passed in 2014 but is just now going into effect and it treats the aquifer like a bank account that has to stay in balance. There can be withdrawals of water, but they cannot exceed the rate at which the aquifer is replenished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"For 100 years in California, anyone could dig a well on their land and pump as much as they wanted. Farmers got most of it.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"large","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions are creating winners and losers among farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns’s farm, near Madera, is among the fortunate ones. It has another source of water. It’s part of an irrigation district set up a century ago to distribute water from nearby rivers to farmers. Most of that water, today, is captured by a dam on the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deep irrigation ditch runs alongside the almond orchard. It’s empty this year because of the drought. “I’d sure feel better if this was full of water, and most years it is,” Cosysns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891508\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1297px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg\" alt=\"Dozens of cows are gathered inside a closed space. Nearby is a metal well with many tubes sticking out.\" width=\"1297\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2.jpg 1297w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer2-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1297px) 100vw, 1297px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a farming area east of Tulare County, fields of corn and dairy herds depend on water from wells like this one. The state is now limiting the use of this groundwater. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most years, when there’s enough rain and snow, he could use that water to irrigate orchards and let some of the water just sink back into the ground. Eventually that water can filter all the way back down to the aquifer, hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a way to keep that aquifer bank account roughly in balance, making water deposits when there’s plenty of water from the river, and pumping water out again when there’s a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even here, the water table in the aquifer has been falling. The reason, Cosyns said, lay elsewhere. “The surrounding areas are pumping the water out from under us,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those farmers own land that’s outside the irrigation district, and they don’t get water from the dam on the San Joaquin River. They pump from the aquifer every year, making withdrawals but no deposits. Under the new law, that will have to end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cosyns had only limited sympathy. “We’ve made the investments” in securing additional water supplies, he said, “and others are getting into our bank accounts that we saved for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers who rely solely on groundwater may think it’s their right to do that indefinitely, “but we’ve come to that day of reckoning, when that’s no longer going to be the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"David Roberts, Farmer in Tulare County","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This is the main division in California agriculture as the groundwater law comes into force. On the one side are farmers in irrigation districts with secure access to water from California’s rivers and reservoirs; on the other, farmers who’ve relied almost completely on their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the aquifer-dependent farmers will have to cut their pumping drastically, and that likely means they’ll have to idle some of their land. According to some estimates, anywhere from half a million to a million acres will cease growing agricultural crops in the San Joaquin Valley, from Sacramento and Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not sit well with some farmers, such as David Roberts, who grows citrus crops in Tulare County. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis, because we cannot replicate the San Joaquin Valley anywhere else in the United States,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other place, he says, has the climate to grow more than 400 different crops. And when consumers realize what they’re missing, he expects a backlash. “This ground will come back into production one way or another,” he explained. “The United States cannot be without the San Joaquin Valley producing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1452px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Charles stands in front of a field and points at it, with a concerned look on his face.\" width=\"1452\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4.jpg 1452w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1452px) 100vw, 1452px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Roberts grows citrus crops on the eastern side of the Central Valley, near Woodlake, in Tulare County. Some of his orchards depend entirely on water that he pumps from the aquifer and he’s worried that the SGMA will hinder his farm’s capacity to grow. “We’re going to turn the water crisis into a food crisis,” he said. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roberts agrees that overuse of the aquifer has to end. But he wants the government to step in to deliver more water from rivers and dams to make up for the lost groundwater, to keep more land in production and also replenish the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg","label":"postID=\"science_1976952"},"numeric":["postID=\"science_1976952"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Other water experts say that’s a pipe dream, and unnecessary. Some crops currently grown in the Central Valley, including almost half a million acres of corn used to feed dairy cattle, can easily be grown elsewhere. California’s dairy industry is likely to contract because cattle feed will become increasingly scarce, they say, but consumers will barely notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, some farmers think the future looks bright. “I actually think it’s going to be a better future than the past has been,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People already are working on creative ways to adapt and prosper, he says. Farmers and water managers are building the infrastructure to capture more water in years when it rains, flood their fields, and replenish the aquifer. That will allow them to pump more groundwater in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some land still will have to stop growing crops, Reiter says, “but we’re going to take that land and put it to other uses.” There are profits to be made leasing land for solar production, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1453px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891505\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg\" alt=\"A field of dozens of solar panels stand in the middle of a barren, dry landscape.\" width=\"1453\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5.jpg 1453w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1453px) 100vw, 1453px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar farms, like this one in Tulare County, have replaced some vegetable fields and orchards in the Central Valley. “I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” said Jon Reiter, a rancher and adviser to large-scale farming operations in the valley. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I see the San Joaquin Valley being really a solar hub, renewable energy hub for the whole of California,” he said. “It could be a big part of our state achieving its renewable energy objectives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a new state program that will pay farmers to turn fallowed fields into habitat for birds, lizards, and native shrubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Drought Coverage ","tag":"drought"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>No one knows exactly what that Central Valley will look like when this all shakes out. Dozens of local committees are in charge of enforcing the new groundwater law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soapy Mulholland, a conservationist who’s on half a dozen of these committees, says they include a much larger range of viewpoints than previously had influence over groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re considering disadvantaged communities, the farmers, you’re considering the environment, and all those players are at the table,” she said. “And that’s a good thing.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11891401/a-california-law-meant-to-reduce-the-exploitation-of-aquifers-could-transform-the-central-valley","authors":["byline_news_11891401"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_4092","news_30015","news_18022","news_20447","news_311","news_17601","news_20023","news_18163","news_21216","news_5892","news_29996","news_30016","news_30018","news_30017","news_6442"],"featImg":"news_11891458","label":"news"},"news_11891246":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11891246","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11891246","score":null,"sort":[1633553115000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts","title":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts","publishDate":1633553115,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Aaron Fukuda admits that the 15-acre sunken field behind his office doesn’t look like much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s basically a big, wide hole in the ground behind the headquarters of the Tulare Irrigation District in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">southern part of the Central Valley\u003c/a>. But “for a water resources nerd like myself, it’s a sexy, sexy piece of infrastructure,” says Fukuda, the district’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earthen basin could be the key to survival for an agricultural community that delivers huge quantities of vegetables, fruit and nuts to the rest of the country — but is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers\">running short of water\u003c/a>. The basin just needs California’s rivers to rise and flood it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rains come in the winter and swell the rivers, Fukuda and his colleagues open some gates and send water through irrigation canals to fill this basin and lots of others they’ve set up. That captured water will seep into the ground, eventually finding its way to a natural aquifer system hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891271\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1294px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891271 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron Fukuda stands in a dry and empty field, wearing reflective sunglasses and looking at the camera.\" width=\"1294\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg 1294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1294px) 100vw, 1294px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukuda believes that replenishing underground aquifers is key for the future of agriculture in this part of the Central Valley. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” he says. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">Water underground has become a scarce and regulated asset\u003c/a> in the state. Farmers have pumped so much water from aquifers in this part of California that they’ve become depleted, threatening water supplies for agriculture and communities that depend on wells for their household water. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, or SGMA, passed in 2014 is just now taking effect and it strictly limits the amount that farmers can pump from those aquifers, and those limits could put some farmers out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water-capturing basins like this one, however, offer farmers a way to survive. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">new law treats the underground aquifer like a bank account\u003c/a>. If farmers deposit water into that account when water is plentiful, they can draw more water out when they need it, in years of drought. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891272\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1455px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a dress shirt, jeans, and a baseball cap bends over to look at a row of grapes growing in an agricultural field.\" width=\"1455\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Reiter, an adviser to several agricultural companies, checks out a vineyard that the owner could convert into a site to capture and store water. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Floods are going from nuisance to lifeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the past, many Californians considered the winter floods a nuisance, Fukuda says. Now, that has now changed completely. “It’s liquid gold,” he says. “Cold, crisp floodwater is gold these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and water managers in the southern part of the Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/bulletin-118/critically-overdrafted-basins\">where the water problem is most severe\u003c/a>, are grasping at the water banking idea like a lifeline. Jon Reiter, a rancher and water consultant, works with some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Don Cameron, owner of Terranova Ranch\"]‘A lot of people were skeptical … they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.’[/pullquote]He shows me a field of grapes, destined to become raisins. The soil is sandy and looks as if it could absorb any water that landed here. There’s an embankment around three sides of the field already. “You could imagine how much water you could store in the ground in a location like this,” Reiter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of this field, he says, “has made the determination that he would be willing to actually remove the raisins” and use the land instead to capture water. The water he would “sink” might be more valuable to him than his raisin crop because it could earn him the right to pump more water from the aquifer during a future drought to irrigate other fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Cameron, the owner of Terranova Ranch near the town of Helm in Fresno County, has even bigger ambitions. Cameron’s farm relies almost entirely on groundwater. He’s been watching the underground water level fall for years and worrying about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, during a winter with lots of rain, he decided to flood some vineyards and orchards, to see if he could replenish the aquifer without even clearing land for a dedicated “recharge basin.” “A lot of people were skeptical, our neighbors especially,” Cameron says. “I mean, they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg\"]In fact, the grapevines and trees survived just fine, and the experiment boosted groundwater levels below his field. Further experiments, some carried out in collaboration with researchers at UC Davis, confirmed the feasibility of this “on-farm recharge.” Now Cameron is persuading his neighbors to do the same thing. Together, they could potentially flood tens of thousands of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is only possible, though, because Cameron happens to be in a fortunate location, right next to a branch of the Kings River, which in turn is connected to a big canal that’s a major artery in California’s vast water distribution system. That channel is bone-dry at the moment, but in years of heavy rains, it can fill with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other farmers who are dependent on groundwater, and who will be hit hardest by the new law limiting its use, can’t make “deposits” in their underground bank account because they have no access to floodwater. They’re not connected to the network of ditches and canals that would be needed to carry floodwaters to their fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg\" alt=\"The canal resembles a ditch, in a very dry and somewhat barren terrain. There is some green shrubbery present.\" width=\"1451\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg 1451w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1451px) 100vw, 1451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This newly constructed canal near Helm, in Fresno County, is waiting for the next flood. Don Cameron built it, with help from the state, to carry excess water from the Kings River to nearby fields. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Will this solution fall short?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This won’t solve all of the Central Valley’s water problems, though. For one thing, there still won’t be enough water available to fully recharge the aquifers. Aggressively capturing and storing floodwaters could make up for 40% to 50% of the current groundwater deficit at best, according to Reiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, recharging the aquifer could have mixed effects on the Central Valley’s other big groundwater problem: contamination of wells with agricultural chemicals. These include nitrates from fertilizer and cattle waste. The problem is most severe for lower-income communities that rely on shallow wells for household water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding more land probably will flush those agricultural pollutants into aquifers, says Helen Dahlke, a hydrologist at UC Davis. “We often see a spike in nitrate, for example, at the groundwater table below a recharge site,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1977037\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/RS51246_006_Meyers_CaldorFire_08312021-qut-1020x679.jpg\"]In the long run, though, she thinks it will be good for water quality. “Most of the water that we use for recharge is very clean, because it comes from rainfall or snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains,” she says. “Eventually there will be a pulse of clean water also coming into the aquifer, which can dilute many of the pollutants that have moved into the groundwater over the last couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the experience of Okieville, a small community in Tulare County. There are parts of the community where wells show high levels of contamination. But along its southern edge, there’s a groundwater recharge basin that the Tulare Irrigation District regularly fills with floodwater. People who live near that basin have enjoyed reliable supplies of clean water from their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district now is planning to build a new recharge basin on the other side of Okieville. “The idea is we can begin to shove water underneath their community. Good, clean water,” says Aaron Fukuda, general manager of the irrigation district. “The water quality, we hope, gets better.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A 7-year-old California water law, just now taking effect, treats underground aquifers like a bank account. If farmers deposit water when there is plenty, they can draw more water out when they need it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974779,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1368},"headData":{"title":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts | KQED","description":"A 7-year-old California water law, just now taking effect, treats underground aquifers like a bank account. If farmers deposit water when there is plenty, they can draw more water out when they need it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Farmers Are Storing Water in Underground Aquifers That Function Like Savings Accounts","datePublished":"2021-10-06T20:45:15.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T18:46:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>","path":"/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Aaron Fukuda admits that the 15-acre sunken field behind his office doesn’t look like much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s basically a big, wide hole in the ground behind the headquarters of the Tulare Irrigation District in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">southern part of the Central Valley\u003c/a>. But “for a water resources nerd like myself, it’s a sexy, sexy piece of infrastructure,” says Fukuda, the district’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earthen basin could be the key to survival for an agricultural community that delivers huge quantities of vegetables, fruit and nuts to the rest of the country — but is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers\">running short of water\u003c/a>. The basin just needs California’s rivers to rise and flood it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rains come in the winter and swell the rivers, Fukuda and his colleagues open some gates and send water through irrigation canals to fill this basin and lots of others they’ve set up. That captured water will seep into the ground, eventually finding its way to a natural aquifer system hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891271\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1294px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891271 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron Fukuda stands in a dry and empty field, wearing reflective sunglasses and looking at the camera.\" width=\"1294\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg 1294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1294px) 100vw, 1294px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukuda believes that replenishing underground aquifers is key for the future of agriculture in this part of the Central Valley. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” he says. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">Water underground has become a scarce and regulated asset\u003c/a> in the state. Farmers have pumped so much water from aquifers in this part of California that they’ve become depleted, threatening water supplies for agriculture and communities that depend on wells for their household water. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, or SGMA, passed in 2014 is just now taking effect and it strictly limits the amount that farmers can pump from those aquifers, and those limits could put some farmers out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water-capturing basins like this one, however, offer farmers a way to survive. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">new law treats the underground aquifer like a bank account\u003c/a>. If farmers deposit water into that account when water is plentiful, they can draw more water out when they need it, in years of drought. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891272\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1455px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a dress shirt, jeans, and a baseball cap bends over to look at a row of grapes growing in an agricultural field.\" width=\"1455\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Reiter, an adviser to several agricultural companies, checks out a vineyard that the owner could convert into a site to capture and store water. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Floods are going from nuisance to lifeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the past, many Californians considered the winter floods a nuisance, Fukuda says. Now, that has now changed completely. “It’s liquid gold,” he says. “Cold, crisp floodwater is gold these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and water managers in the southern part of the Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/bulletin-118/critically-overdrafted-basins\">where the water problem is most severe\u003c/a>, are grasping at the water banking idea like a lifeline. Jon Reiter, a rancher and water consultant, works with some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of people were skeptical … they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Don Cameron, owner of Terranova Ranch","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He shows me a field of grapes, destined to become raisins. The soil is sandy and looks as if it could absorb any water that landed here. There’s an embankment around three sides of the field already. “You could imagine how much water you could store in the ground in a location like this,” Reiter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of this field, he says, “has made the determination that he would be willing to actually remove the raisins” and use the land instead to capture water. The water he would “sink” might be more valuable to him than his raisin crop because it could earn him the right to pump more water from the aquifer during a future drought to irrigate other fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Cameron, the owner of Terranova Ranch near the town of Helm in Fresno County, has even bigger ambitions. Cameron’s farm relies almost entirely on groundwater. He’s been watching the underground water level fall for years and worrying about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, during a winter with lots of rain, he decided to flood some vineyards and orchards, to see if he could replenish the aquifer without even clearing land for a dedicated “recharge basin.” “A lot of people were skeptical, our neighbors especially,” Cameron says. “I mean, they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1976952","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In fact, the grapevines and trees survived just fine, and the experiment boosted groundwater levels below his field. Further experiments, some carried out in collaboration with researchers at UC Davis, confirmed the feasibility of this “on-farm recharge.” Now Cameron is persuading his neighbors to do the same thing. Together, they could potentially flood tens of thousands of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is only possible, though, because Cameron happens to be in a fortunate location, right next to a branch of the Kings River, which in turn is connected to a big canal that’s a major artery in California’s vast water distribution system. That channel is bone-dry at the moment, but in years of heavy rains, it can fill with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other farmers who are dependent on groundwater, and who will be hit hardest by the new law limiting its use, can’t make “deposits” in their underground bank account because they have no access to floodwater. They’re not connected to the network of ditches and canals that would be needed to carry floodwaters to their fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg\" alt=\"The canal resembles a ditch, in a very dry and somewhat barren terrain. There is some green shrubbery present.\" width=\"1451\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg 1451w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1451px) 100vw, 1451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This newly constructed canal near Helm, in Fresno County, is waiting for the next flood. Don Cameron built it, with help from the state, to carry excess water from the Kings River to nearby fields. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Will this solution fall short?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This won’t solve all of the Central Valley’s water problems, though. For one thing, there still won’t be enough water available to fully recharge the aquifers. Aggressively capturing and storing floodwaters could make up for 40% to 50% of the current groundwater deficit at best, according to Reiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, recharging the aquifer could have mixed effects on the Central Valley’s other big groundwater problem: contamination of wells with agricultural chemicals. These include nitrates from fertilizer and cattle waste. The problem is most severe for lower-income communities that rely on shallow wells for household water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding more land probably will flush those agricultural pollutants into aquifers, says Helen Dahlke, a hydrologist at UC Davis. “We often see a spike in nitrate, for example, at the groundwater table below a recharge site,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1977037","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/RS51246_006_Meyers_CaldorFire_08312021-qut-1020x679.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the long run, though, she thinks it will be good for water quality. “Most of the water that we use for recharge is very clean, because it comes from rainfall or snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains,” she says. “Eventually there will be a pulse of clean water also coming into the aquifer, which can dilute many of the pollutants that have moved into the groundwater over the last couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the experience of Okieville, a small community in Tulare County. There are parts of the community where wells show high levels of contamination. But along its southern edge, there’s a groundwater recharge basin that the Tulare Irrigation District regularly fills with floodwater. People who live near that basin have enjoyed reliable supplies of clean water from their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district now is planning to build a new recharge basin on the other side of Okieville. “The idea is we can begin to shove water underneath their community. Good, clean water,” says Aaron Fukuda, general manager of the irrigation district. “The water quality, we hope, gets better.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts","authors":["byline_news_11891246"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_4092","news_18022","news_20447","news_311","news_17601","news_20023","news_18163","news_21216","news_29996","news_29995","news_3187","news_29941","news_6442"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11891264","label":"news_253"},"news_11882276":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11882276","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11882276","score":null,"sort":[1627068401000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers","title":"Without Enough Water to Go Around, Farmers in California Are Exhausting Aquifers","publishDate":1627068401,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated July 23, 2021 at 10:29 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time you pick up some California-grown carrots or melons in the grocery store, consider the curious, contested odyssey of the water that fed them. Chances are, farmers pumped that water from underground aquifers on a scale that's become unsustainable, especially as the planet heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing an ongoing drought that is squeezing surface water supplies, farmers are extracting groundwater at higher rates to continue growing food as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's farmers probably will pump an additional 6 to 7 million acre-feet of water from their wells this year, above what they normally use, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucmerced.edu/content/josu%C3%A9-medellin-azuara\">Josue Medellin-Azuara\u003c/a>, a water expert at UC Merced. That quantity would cover 10,000 square miles with a foot of water, and far exceeds the amount that naturally replenishes the aquifer, even during a year with normal rainfall. [aside tag=\"drought,water\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge amount,\" says Steve Jackson, a farmer in Visalia who helps to manage 40,000 acres of almonds and other crops. \"I'd say 90% to 95% of our crop demands this year are going to be met by groundwater.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, however, may mark the beginning of the end of California's great groundwater grab. The state is preparing to phase in new limits on groundwater pumping that will force painful adjustments on the state's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a powerhouse of food production, growing some 40% of the country's fruit, vegetables and nuts. Yet the production depends on a supply of water that's increasingly fragile and unreliable as the climate warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Drought reveals the lie of a place,\" says Mark Arax, the Fresno-based author of \"The Dreamt Land,\" a history of California's water conflicts. \"The lie is our ambition. We've taken on too much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In good years, an intricate system of dams, aqueducts and irrigation canals captures water from rivers and melting snow, much of it in the northern part of the state, and moves that water to fields in the wide Central Valley where most crops are grown. The system also supplies coastal cities, but agriculture remains the largest consumer of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, rivers are running low. The state's biggest reservoirs contain \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=rescond.pdf\">less than half\u003c/a> the average amount of water, and farmers have been forced to rely on their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year, there is no allotment, because there is no water,\" says Kathy Briano, referring to the amount of water that farmers are assigned for irrigation use. Briano grows almonds near the town of Porterville, and she's relying on her wells instead. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, groundwater use in California has been unrestricted. Farmers and cities could pump as much as they wished. And there was a time when that water source seemed inexhaustible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley aquifer is like a giant, multilayered lake beneath the ground. \"A hundred years ago, when you tapped a foot into the earth, in certain parts of the valley, the water would gush out,\" Arax says. At that time, wells typically only needed to be 50 or 80 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But year after year, towns and farmers — but mostly farmers — pumped more water out of the aquifer than nature put back in, and the water table fell. Today, farmers and towns are drilling wells over 1,000 feet deep. Extracting so much water even changed the region's geology. \"As you draw the water up and out of the earth, the earth itself then collapses and sinks,\" Arax says. \"We're not sinking by inches. We're sinking by feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briano says the problems first became obvious during the drought of 2014-2015. \"Everybody was pumping,\" she says. \"You had to pump all that you needed, and you just brought that groundwater down to nothing.\" [pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Mark Arax, Fresno-based author']'As you draw the water up and out of the earth, the earth itself then collapses and sinks ... We're not sinking by inches. We're sinking by feet.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her ranch, the water table dropped by 60 feet. The well that supplied water to her house went dry. The same thing happened to hundreds of people who relied on shallow wells in the nearby town of East Porterville. \"People were without water, and they had to bring water tanks in. They had no water at all!\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that drought, there was growing pressure to enact limits on groundwater use. Susana De Anda, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.communitywatercenter.org/staff\">Community Water Center\u003c/a>, in the town of Visalia, was among those pushing for change. \"When 90% of our valley residents rely on groundwater, we have to be sure that we're sharing that for all beneficial uses,\" she says. \"That means that we should not over-pump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, California passed the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a>. It requires big changes, but they will be enforced only gradually, over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this law, overuse of the aquifer must end by 2040. By that date, use and replenishment of the state's groundwater must be in balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and local officials now are coming up with limits on groundwater use to achieve this. In practice, it could mean that farmers in the San Joaquin Valley, which occupies a large area of the Central Valley between Sacramento and Bakersfield, will have to cut their groundwater pumping by 70% or 80% by 2040, compared to what they're using this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to enforce these limits, some authorities are requiring meters on wells. Others are monitoring water use through satellites that can detect which crops are being grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reaction among farmers has been mixed. Some, like Steve Jackson, agree that limits are necessary, even though groundwater has kept his farm alive in drought years. \"It is a lifeline, but I think that it's a lifeline that we've all taken for granted, and it's not infinite,\" he says. \"I think that's what's coming home to all of us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limits probably will mean that some land will no longer grow crops, although there's dispute about how much. One study, backed by the agricultural industry, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ubc/documents/cencal/2020/CCBR2020_WaterAg.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that a million acres, or 20% of the fields in the San Joaquin Valley, will be taken out of production. Other researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/water-and-the-future-of-the-san-joaquin-valley-february-2019.pdf\">think\u003c/a> it will be half that much. Farmers are likely to adapt by shifting their limited water supplies to their most valuable crops. They also will be able, for the first time, to buy and sell groundwater allotments, shifting the water to the places where it's worth the most. [aside tag=\"california-water,farmers\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other farmers, like Kathy Briano, reject the prospect of idling fertile Central Valley land. Briano agrees that it makes sense to protect the aquifer. But to make up for it, she wants the state to deliver more water from dams and reservoirs, to which she says the farms are entitled. \"My solution is, you need to bring us more water,\" she says. \"We can't keep taking from the valley, because we're taking away [food] production, and where can we grow everything? Right here!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Arax, the writer, says the changing climate is likely to breed more conflicts like this, also in other parts of the country. \"How we deal with this becomes an example for the rest of America, when it comes to their doorstep,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California dream was born in the Gold Rush, claiming nature and reshaping the land. Now, Arax says, it's time to reinvent that dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Without+Enough+Water+To+Go+Around%2C+Farmers+In+California+Are+Exhausting+Aquifers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California's farmers are pumping vast amounts of water from underground aquifers this year to make up for water they can't get from rivers. It's unsustainable, and the state is moving to stop it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1627073660,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1292},"headData":{"title":"Without Enough Water to Go Around, Farmers in California Are Exhausting Aquifers | KQED","description":"California's farmers are pumping vast amounts of water from underground aquifers this year to make up for water they can't get from rivers. It's unsustainable, and the state is moving to stop it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Without Enough Water to Go Around, Farmers in California Are Exhausting Aquifers","datePublished":"2021-07-23T19:26:41.000Z","dateModified":"2021-07-23T20:54:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11882276 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11882276","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/07/23/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers/","disqusTitle":"Without Enough Water to Go Around, Farmers in California Are Exhausting Aquifers","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org","nprImageCredit":"Justin Sullivan","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1019483661","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1019483661&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers?ft=nprml&f=1019483661","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 23 Jul 2021 10:29:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 22 Jul 2021 18:19:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 23 Jul 2021 10:29:54 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2021/07/20210722_atc_farmers_are_draining_californias_aquifers_but_change_is_coming.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=281&p=2&story=1019483661&ft=nprml&f=1019483661","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11019486802-0628bb.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=281&p=2&story=1019483661&ft=nprml&f=1019483661","path":"/news/11882276/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2021/07/20210722_atc_farmers_are_draining_californias_aquifers_but_change_is_coming.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1025&d=281&p=2&story=1019483661&ft=nprml&f=1019483661","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated July 23, 2021 at 10:29 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time you pick up some California-grown carrots or melons in the grocery store, consider the curious, contested odyssey of the water that fed them. Chances are, farmers pumped that water from underground aquifers on a scale that's become unsustainable, especially as the planet heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing an ongoing drought that is squeezing surface water supplies, farmers are extracting groundwater at higher rates to continue growing food as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's farmers probably will pump an additional 6 to 7 million acre-feet of water from their wells this year, above what they normally use, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucmerced.edu/content/josu%C3%A9-medellin-azuara\">Josue Medellin-Azuara\u003c/a>, a water expert at UC Merced. That quantity would cover 10,000 square miles with a foot of water, and far exceeds the amount that naturally replenishes the aquifer, even during a year with normal rainfall. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"drought,water","label":"more coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge amount,\" says Steve Jackson, a farmer in Visalia who helps to manage 40,000 acres of almonds and other crops. \"I'd say 90% to 95% of our crop demands this year are going to be met by groundwater.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, however, may mark the beginning of the end of California's great groundwater grab. The state is preparing to phase in new limits on groundwater pumping that will force painful adjustments on the state's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a powerhouse of food production, growing some 40% of the country's fruit, vegetables and nuts. Yet the production depends on a supply of water that's increasingly fragile and unreliable as the climate warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Drought reveals the lie of a place,\" says Mark Arax, the Fresno-based author of \"The Dreamt Land,\" a history of California's water conflicts. \"The lie is our ambition. We've taken on too much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In good years, an intricate system of dams, aqueducts and irrigation canals captures water from rivers and melting snow, much of it in the northern part of the state, and moves that water to fields in the wide Central Valley where most crops are grown. The system also supplies coastal cities, but agriculture remains the largest consumer of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, rivers are running low. The state's biggest reservoirs contain \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=rescond.pdf\">less than half\u003c/a> the average amount of water, and farmers have been forced to rely on their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year, there is no allotment, because there is no water,\" says Kathy Briano, referring to the amount of water that farmers are assigned for irrigation use. Briano grows almonds near the town of Porterville, and she's relying on her wells instead. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, groundwater use in California has been unrestricted. Farmers and cities could pump as much as they wished. And there was a time when that water source seemed inexhaustible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley aquifer is like a giant, multilayered lake beneath the ground. \"A hundred years ago, when you tapped a foot into the earth, in certain parts of the valley, the water would gush out,\" Arax says. At that time, wells typically only needed to be 50 or 80 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But year after year, towns and farmers — but mostly farmers — pumped more water out of the aquifer than nature put back in, and the water table fell. Today, farmers and towns are drilling wells over 1,000 feet deep. Extracting so much water even changed the region's geology. \"As you draw the water up and out of the earth, the earth itself then collapses and sinks,\" Arax says. \"We're not sinking by inches. We're sinking by feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briano says the problems first became obvious during the drought of 2014-2015. \"Everybody was pumping,\" she says. \"You had to pump all that you needed, and you just brought that groundwater down to nothing.\" \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'As you draw the water up and out of the earth, the earth itself then collapses and sinks ... We're not sinking by inches. We're sinking by feet.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Mark Arax, Fresno-based author","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her ranch, the water table dropped by 60 feet. The well that supplied water to her house went dry. The same thing happened to hundreds of people who relied on shallow wells in the nearby town of East Porterville. \"People were without water, and they had to bring water tanks in. They had no water at all!\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that drought, there was growing pressure to enact limits on groundwater use. Susana De Anda, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.communitywatercenter.org/staff\">Community Water Center\u003c/a>, in the town of Visalia, was among those pushing for change. \"When 90% of our valley residents rely on groundwater, we have to be sure that we're sharing that for all beneficial uses,\" she says. \"That means that we should not over-pump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, California passed the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a>. It requires big changes, but they will be enforced only gradually, over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this law, overuse of the aquifer must end by 2040. By that date, use and replenishment of the state's groundwater must be in balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and local officials now are coming up with limits on groundwater use to achieve this. In practice, it could mean that farmers in the San Joaquin Valley, which occupies a large area of the Central Valley between Sacramento and Bakersfield, will have to cut their groundwater pumping by 70% or 80% by 2040, compared to what they're using this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to enforce these limits, some authorities are requiring meters on wells. Others are monitoring water use through satellites that can detect which crops are being grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reaction among farmers has been mixed. Some, like Steve Jackson, agree that limits are necessary, even though groundwater has kept his farm alive in drought years. \"It is a lifeline, but I think that it's a lifeline that we've all taken for granted, and it's not infinite,\" he says. \"I think that's what's coming home to all of us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limits probably will mean that some land will no longer grow crops, although there's dispute about how much. One study, backed by the agricultural industry, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/craig/ubc/documents/cencal/2020/CCBR2020_WaterAg.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that a million acres, or 20% of the fields in the San Joaquin Valley, will be taken out of production. Other researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/water-and-the-future-of-the-san-joaquin-valley-february-2019.pdf\">think\u003c/a> it will be half that much. Farmers are likely to adapt by shifting their limited water supplies to their most valuable crops. They also will be able, for the first time, to buy and sell groundwater allotments, shifting the water to the places where it's worth the most. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"california-water,farmers","label":"related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other farmers, like Kathy Briano, reject the prospect of idling fertile Central Valley land. Briano agrees that it makes sense to protect the aquifer. But to make up for it, she wants the state to deliver more water from dams and reservoirs, to which she says the farms are entitled. \"My solution is, you need to bring us more water,\" she says. \"We can't keep taking from the valley, because we're taking away [food] production, and where can we grow everything? Right here!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Arax, the writer, says the changing climate is likely to breed more conflicts like this, also in other parts of the country. \"How we deal with this becomes an example for the rest of America, when it comes to their doorstep,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California dream was born in the Gold Rush, claiming nature and reshaping the land. Now, Arax says, it's time to reinvent that dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Without+Enough+Water+To+Go+Around%2C+Farmers+In+California+Are+Exhausting+Aquifers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11882276/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers","authors":["byline_news_11882276"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_20447","news_17601","news_18163","news_5892","news_483"],"featImg":"news_11882277","label":"source_news_11882276"},"news_11879719":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11879719","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11879719","score":null,"sort":[1625230847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","publishDate":1625230847,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='environment']Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’[/pullquote]He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University\"]‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’[/pullquote]“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974790,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":2294},"headData":{"title":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers | KQED","description":"Both farmers and researchers are learning more about the role birds can play in farms, like controlling pests. ","ogTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Owls, Swallows and Bluebirds: The Secret Allies of Farmers","datePublished":"2021-07-02T13:00:47.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T18:46:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"The California Report Magazine","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/program/the-california-report-magazine","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/437367f6-7cb4-43cf-b3fb-ad5901800b41/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dennis Tamura never set out to be a bird-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a farmer for over 35 years, and he and his wife grow organic vegetables and flowers on Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville. But birds have become a part of the farm’s ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 years ago, a bird-loving neighbor put up small wooden bird boxes on the fence posts that line Blue Heron Farms, and Tamura just started noticing the tree swallows and Western bluebirds that came to visit. Today, he points out a fluffy baby tree swallow, its comically large yellow mouth peeking out of a hole in the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The parents come by and you’ll see that their mouth is always wide open. ‘Hey, come on! I’m hungry!’ ” he said with a laugh. “It’s always kind of fun to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880219\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880219 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in a field looking off camera.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50180_IMG_6868-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmer Dennis Tamura stands in one of his farm’s fields on June 10, 2021. Tamura says having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control. They help him see his farm more deeply. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Their habit is to just fly and dart around pretty low because they’re snagging insects on the fly. And then they swoop in and feed — boom — immediately, and then they turn around and go back out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like he described, a handsome tree swallow, with its white belly and iridescent blue back, flew low over the crops, then turned toward a bird box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They feed them instantaneously. It’s pretty interesting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without landing, the parent put an insect in the baby’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One insect Tamura worries about is the flea beetle, which loves eating plants from the Brassica family, like broccoli and bok choy. Some of the damage caused by the flea beetles is just cosmetic, he said. “But sometimes they can outright kill plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right around this time of year, when the birds begin to leave, he said, “I notice that there’s a lot more flea beetle damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the birds help with pest insects, and they’re getting something back from the farm.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Important Allies\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Those bird boxes are simple, but they’re important. \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/silent-skies-billions-of-north-american-birds-have-vanished/\">Pesticide use and habitat\u003c/a> loss shrunk the bird population in North America by almost\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120\"> 3 billion\u003c/a> since 1970. That’s nearly a 30% drop. The whole ecosystem feels that loss, since birds pollinate plants, and, like on this farm, control pest insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds like tree swallows and Western bluebirds would naturally build nests in tree cavities, but the plywood boxes all over the farm are a good substitute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also work well for barn owls. In his barn, Tamura pointed out the one box where barn owls have nested the last eight years or so, and help control his top rodent problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of gophers. I mean, we trap them but there’s no way we’re going to get them all,” Tamura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1821px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A small colorful bird flies its way to a bird box.\" width=\"1821\" height=\"1215\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut.jpg 1821w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50182_IMG_6870-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1821px) 100vw, 1821px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Blue Heron Farms, an adult tree swallow feeds its baby on June 10, 2021. The swallows swoop low over the fields picking off insects mid-flight. Often, they’re feeding their young flea beetles, insects that can cause damage to crops. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White droppings and clumps of regurgitated gopher cover the barn floor. Owls eat their prey whole and cough up the fur and bones, which they can’t digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a look at the mess left behind by the birds, Tamura said, “Well, they eat a lot of gophers. It’s pretty astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"environment"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jo Ann Baumgartner runs \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/\">Wild Farm Alliance\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps farmers support, and benefit from, wild nature. The organization has developed a \u003ca href=\"https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5f2c1d71822c4cb8a9ebade1206fc0d5\">Songbird Farm Trail\u003c/a> to map locations with bird boxes, monitor changes in bird population and encourage more participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see a million bird boxes,” she said. She added little metal tags to the bird boxes on Blue Heron Farm, and will observe bird behavior here. Monitoring bird life in boxes will add to the growing citizen science and academic research about beneficial birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies used to be common, Baumgartner said. “Back in the 1880s, the precursor to the USDA started studying how important birds were for eating pest insects and rodents. They asked farmers to shoot birds, which you could never do today, and pickle their stomachs and mail them in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers studied the birds’ stomach contents, she explains, which led to a flurry of research papers published afterward on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pesticides gained wide use, Baumgartner said, these studies fell by the wayside. But, over the last two decades, researchers have started to study once again the benefits birds provide to farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University, spends his days studying the relationship between birds and farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘A lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that in Napa County, where he conducts his research, “the \u003ca href=\"https://www.suscolcouncil.org/about-us/firstpeopleshistory/\">Wappo\u003c/a> were the indigenous people here. They managed this place with a lot of traditional fire, keeping it an open grassland, with huge oaks that the first European colonizers waxed poetic about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he added, “a lot of that habitat is gone and has been replaced by vineyards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1863px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands outside, next to a bird box. On one hand, he has his cellphone, on the other one he holds a very long pole.\" width=\"1863\" height=\"1243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut.jpg 1863w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50177_IMG_5369-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1863px) 100vw, 1863px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson checks on his phone the live images transmitted from a GoPro camera to monitor the activity of the barn owls inside the bird boxes on March 14, 2021. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson drove through a vineyard in American Canyon, stopping to check owl boxes for nests or eggs. He got out of his truck and walked towards an owl box about 15 feet off the ground and pointed out the scratches on the outside of the hole, a good sign that there’d been recent activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quietly approaching the box, he extended a painter’s pole with a GoPro camera attached to the top, which connects to his phone. Slipping the GoPro into the box, Johnson looked at his phone to get a view of what’s inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Male and female,” he whispered. “I can see an egg underneath the female. I’m going to get out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have built birdhouses for centuries, and Johnson says that farmers from Chile to South Africa put up barn owl boxes because they’ve seen barn owls eat rodents on their farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground,” he said. The academic research on the impact of owls on farms, however, was slim, so Johnson began the \u003ca href=\"https://www.owlresearchinstitute.org/barn-owl-research\">Barn Owl Research Project\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we have some scientific evidence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880228 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Images of barn owls in their boxes captured by the team at Barn Owl Research Humboldt State University.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50186_IMG_6722-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Johnson’s research team places cameras near the bird boxes it manages to keep track of the behavior of the birds. This is the inside of one of the boxes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s team installed infrared cameras in owl boxes all over Napa Valley to monitor what owls hunted at night, and placed GPS trackers on owls to see where they hunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘They don’t necessarily need a lot of scientific evidence to show that this is working. They’re seeing it on the ground.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Matt Johnson, professor at Humboldt State University","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Our estimate is that a family of barn owls removes 3,400 rodents from the landscape every year,” Johnson said. “So some of these farms, like this one that has 20 occupied boxes, you’re talking about 70,000 rodents removed every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their research showed that one-third of these rodents came directly from vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vineyard was started by the man who helped put California wines on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’70s, Miljenko “Mike” Grgich was the winemaker for Chateau Montelena, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/the-day-california-wine-beat-the-french-and-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20Day%20California%20Wine%20Beat%20the%20French%20and%20Shocked%20the%20World,-By%20Michelle%20Locke&text=In%201976%2C%20Napa%20Valley's%20Chateau,wine%2C%E2%80%9D%20declared%20Robert%20Parker.\">the vineyard that beat French wine\u003c/a> in a taste test that became known as the Judgement of Paris. He went on to start \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/\">Grgich Hills Estate\u003c/a>, where his nephew, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grgich.com/our-story/people/\">Ivo Jeramaz\u003c/a>, continues the winemaking tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Johnson checked the barn owl boxes, Jeramaz walked by and said he’d love to add more to his vineyards. Johnson explained that after analyzing this season’s data, his team can point out new locations that owls would probably like.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Conservation With People’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Johnson met up with three grad students at another Napa vineyard to collect data and place ID bands on barn owls to study them for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They walked down to a box, wearing headlamps. First, they checked the owl box. Next, they set a trap for an adult returning to feed its young. The box is designed, Johnson explained, so that when an owl enters it, a little door swings shut and LED lights turn on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short wait, they all see movement. “So an adult owl flew in,” said Johnson. “We think it might be the female. She landed on the box and she’s … .”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he finished his sentence, the light turned on. “Oh, there she is. She’s inside! Let’s go!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team quickly walked down to the box, set up a ladder and listened in to the parent feeding baby owls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making sure the adult didn’t escape from the side door, Johnson asked one of the graduate students to shine a light inside the box while he reached in with a gloved hand to grab the owl’s feet and pull it from the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owl appeared, with its white wings spread wide out from its heart-shaped face. They put a little hood over its head to calm it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880230\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880230 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person ties an ID band around the leg of a barn owl at night.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50178_IMG_5447-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Echávez, member of Matt Johnson’s research team, attaches a USGS metal ID band on a barn owl on March 30, 2021. After carefully taking measurements, the team makes sure to return each owl to its birdbox. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When they got back to the truck, graduate student \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.humboldt.edu/graduate-students/laura-ech%C3%A1vez\">Laura Echávez\u003c/a> said that the next step is to take a metal band issued by the U.S. Geological Survey and place it around the foot of the owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She held the owl with confidence and tenderness, talking to it softly as she secured the metal band. “Can you lift your head a little buddy?” she said. “There, perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, after about 20 minutes of taking measurements and photos for their research, the team returned the owl to the box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson hopes his team’s research can highlight the reciprocal relationship between farmers and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barn owls are one species that depend on oak trees, using the big cavities around the tree’s trunk to build nests. But with the growth of the vineyards and other development, many oak trees in this valley have disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When farmers put up these nesting boxes, it’s amazing,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an old conservation model where the idea is that we need to protect nature from people, and just lock it away and keep people out,” he explained. The flip side would be conserving nature exclusively for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Neither of those is really quite right. I think we should think about conservation \u003ci>with\u003c/i> people, you know, understanding that we are part of the ecosystem and we do things that negatively affect some species,” Johnson said. “We can also do some things that help species survive and they in return can help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11880229 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A group of infant owls gather inside a birdbox.\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/RS50187_IMG_7141-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Matt Johnson explains that through his research he’s learned more about how much birds contribute to the well-being of humans, and ways humans can give back. A group of infant barn owls gather inside one of the bird boxes, in an image captured by the Humboldt State University barn owl research team. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Matt Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘They’re Welcome to Be Here’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back at Blue Heron Farms outside Watsonville, farmer Dennis Tamura says that having the barn owls, tree swallows and Western bluebirds nest in boxes on his farm has done more than just offer pest control — they help him see his farm more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing what you’re looking at, it’s different than just looking and watching,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re welcome to be here because there’s plenty of food, as far as I can tell. For me, they just enhance the whole environment. And obviously they do some help for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, I pointed out, he provides a home for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he said with a laugh, “I guess you could say that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That seems like a pretty fair trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization. The author produced the story while in residence at \u003ca href=\"https://tskw.org/#\">The Studios of Key West\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11879719/owls-swallows-and-bluebirds-the-secret-allies-of-bay-area-farmers","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72","news_26731"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_19906","news_24114","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2426","news_18538","news_28519","news_21074","news_20023","news_18163","news_28199","news_6565","news_29648","news_20851","news_3800","news_1275"],"featImg":"news_11880216","label":"source_news_11879719"},"news_11707200":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11707200","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11707200","score":null,"sort":[1542594923000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"farmers-face-thanksgiving-losses-as-some-bay-area-farmers-markets-close-due-to-smoke","title":"Farmers Face Thanksgiving Losses as Some Bay Area Farmers Markets Close Due to Smoke","publishDate":1542594923,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Farmers Face Thanksgiving Losses as Some Bay Area Farmers Markets Close Due to Smoke | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The weekend before Thanksgiving is typically one of the biggest moneymakers all year for farmers who sell their produce at Bay Area farmers markets. But those farmers say they’re facing thousands of dollars in losses this week due to several smoke-related closures caused by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers markets are run by \u003ca href=\"https://www.slumbr.com/blog/slumbrs-guide-bay-area-san-francisco-farmers-market/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">associations\u003c/a> that make the decision about whether or not to shut down. At least four markets in the Bay Area chose to shut down on Sunday, including the one in Walnut Creek where Lupe Valencia of \u003ca href=\"https://agriculturalinstitute.org/vendors/listing/hamlow-ranches\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hamlow Ranches\u003c/a> usually sells her uncle’s produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s usually when we sell a lot of our winter crop, like the sweet potatoes and walnuts,” Valencia said. “People go crazy for them during this week for Thanksgiving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707207\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11707207 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fort Mason Farmers Market crowds were thinner due to unhealthy air conditions on Sunday November 18, 2018, but many still came out to buy produce for Thanksgiving week.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hamlow Ranches was able to find a spot at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafarmersmkts.com/fort-mason-center-farmers-market/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco’s Fort Mason Center market\u003c/a>, which decided to stay open, but the crowd was smaller due to the bad air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic artisan mushroom vendor Levi Tull of \u003ca href=\"https://eandhfarms.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">E&H Farm\u003c/a> says a week of smaller crowds and closures are hitting farmers hard. He says he didn’t find out until Saturday morning that Oakland’s large Saturday market at Grand Lake where he normally sells his mushrooms was shutting down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11707205 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levi Tull of E&H Farms sells organic artisanal mushrooms at the Fort Mason Farmers Market in San Francisco on Sunday. He says a week of smaller crowds and smoke-related closures has put a dent in a typically very busy pre-Thanksgiving season at the market.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was packing up the van at five in the morning about to leave and then had to change my shipment because we were going to somewhere else,” Tull said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite saying that she’s facing thousands of dollars in losses after market closures both Friday and Saturday, Heather Griffith of vegetable vendor \u003ca href=\"http://www.happyboyfarms.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Happy Boy Farms\u003c/a> says her mind is focused more on people than profit, especially the fieldworkers who continue to harvest in unhealthy conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just hope they are getting masks and wearing them in areas where they’re really getting affected,” Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The weekend before Thanksgiving is usually one of the biggest moneymakers for people at farmers markets.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1701974710,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":400},"headData":{"title":"Farmers Face Thanksgiving Losses as Some Bay Area Farmers Markets Close Due to Smoke | KQED","description":"The weekend before Thanksgiving is usually one of the biggest moneymakers for people at farmers markets.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Farmers Face Thanksgiving Losses as Some Bay Area Farmers Markets Close Due to Smoke","datePublished":"2018-11-19T02:35:23.000Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T18:45:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"path":"/news/11707200/farmers-face-thanksgiving-losses-as-some-bay-area-farmers-markets-close-due-to-smoke","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The weekend before Thanksgiving is typically one of the biggest moneymakers all year for farmers who sell their produce at Bay Area farmers markets. But those farmers say they’re facing thousands of dollars in losses this week due to several smoke-related closures caused by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers markets are run by \u003ca href=\"https://www.slumbr.com/blog/slumbrs-guide-bay-area-san-francisco-farmers-market/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">associations\u003c/a> that make the decision about whether or not to shut down. At least four markets in the Bay Area chose to shut down on Sunday, including the one in Walnut Creek where Lupe Valencia of \u003ca href=\"https://agriculturalinstitute.org/vendors/listing/hamlow-ranches\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hamlow Ranches\u003c/a> usually sells her uncle’s produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s usually when we sell a lot of our winter crop, like the sweet potatoes and walnuts,” Valencia said. “People go crazy for them during this week for Thanksgiving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707207\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11707207 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7098-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fort Mason Farmers Market crowds were thinner due to unhealthy air conditions on Sunday November 18, 2018, but many still came out to buy produce for Thanksgiving week.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hamlow Ranches was able to find a spot at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafarmersmkts.com/fort-mason-center-farmers-market/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco’s Fort Mason Center market\u003c/a>, which decided to stay open, but the crowd was smaller due to the bad air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organic artisan mushroom vendor Levi Tull of \u003ca href=\"https://eandhfarms.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">E&H Farm\u003c/a> says a week of smaller crowds and closures are hitting farmers hard. He says he didn’t find out until Saturday morning that Oakland’s large Saturday market at Grand Lake where he normally sells his mushrooms was shutting down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707205\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11707205 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_7095-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levi Tull of E&H Farms sells organic artisanal mushrooms at the Fort Mason Farmers Market in San Francisco on Sunday. He says a week of smaller crowds and smoke-related closures has put a dent in a typically very busy pre-Thanksgiving season at the market.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I was packing up the van at five in the morning about to leave and then had to change my shipment because we were going to somewhere else,” Tull said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite saying that she’s facing thousands of dollars in losses after market closures both Friday and Saturday, Heather Griffith of vegetable vendor \u003ca href=\"http://www.happyboyfarms.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Happy Boy Farms\u003c/a> says her mind is focused more on people than profit, especially the fieldworkers who continue to harvest in unhealthy conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just hope they are getting masks and wearing them in areas where they’re really getting affected,” Griffith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11707200/farmers-face-thanksgiving-losses-as-some-bay-area-farmers-markets-close-due-to-smoke","authors":["3214"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18163","news_21361","news_293","news_4463"],"featImg":"news_11707206","label":"news"},"news_11617675":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11617675","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11617675","score":null,"sort":[1505862768000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"key-california-farm-district-rejects-governors-delta-tunnels-plan","title":"Key California Farm District Rejects Governor's Delta Tunnels Plan","publishDate":1505862768,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>FRESNO — The board of the nation's largest irrigation district on Tuesday rejected participation in Gov. Jerry Brown's $16 billion plan to build two giant tunnels to re-engineer California's north-south water delivery system, dealing a major blow to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of Westlands Water District, a key player in the project's success or failure, voted 7-1 against the project after more than an hour of tense discussion and comments from farmers, many of whom concluded the tunnels were too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district already has invested millions of dollars toward planning but had not committed to shouldering a share of the hefty construction costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands general manager Thomas Birmingham said he believes the no vote in Fresno could kill the tunnels project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This thing dies, the project will be over,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands is the first water district to vote on the project. Officials in other districts were watching the vote as they prepare to make their decisions on the project that has been on the drawing board for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus far, the biggest water project proposed for California in more than a half-century has no firm financial commitments from local water districts. Some fear it would drive up the cost of water delivered to farms and residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came a day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/712b5954fa3a4b4e9494cbbadefa6575/APNewsBreak:-California-wants-millions-to-fund-water-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Associated Press reported\u003c/a> state plans to put dozens more water agencies and millions of families and farmers on the hook for funding the tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"nBcA9U4v5gnDFwShx4qfVNhheL7rnjez\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach pivots from long-standing state and federal assurances that only water districts that seek to participate would pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powerful Westlands agency provides irrigation water to 1,000 square miles (2,590 square kilometers) in the San Joaquin Valley, some of the nation's richest farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown is pressing to secure the project before he leaves office next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It calls for building two 35-mile-long (56-kilometer-long) tunnels east of San Francisco to deliver water from the Sacramento River mostly to farms and cities hundreds of miles away in Central and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers say the tunnels will stabilize flows, bolster endangered fish and ensure a reliable water supply. Critics say the project will be used to drain Northern California dry and further harm native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts in the Silicon Valley and those in the farm-rich Central Valley and Southern California are due to vote in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The nation's largest irrigation district has rejected participation in Gov. Brown's $16 billion plan to build two giant tunnels to re-engineer California's north-south water delivery system.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1505867051,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":411},"headData":{"title":"Key California Farm District Rejects Governor's Delta Tunnels Plan | KQED","description":"The nation's largest irrigation district has rejected participation in Gov. Brown's $16 billion plan to build two giant tunnels to re-engineer California's north-south water delivery system.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Key California Farm District Rejects Governor's Delta Tunnels Plan","datePublished":"2017-09-19T23:12:48.000Z","dateModified":"2017-09-20T00:24:11.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11617675 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11617675","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/09/19/key-california-farm-district-rejects-governors-delta-tunnels-plan/","disqusTitle":"Key California Farm District Rejects Governor's Delta Tunnels Plan","nprByline":"Scott Smith \u003cbr> Associated Press","path":"/news/11617675/key-california-farm-district-rejects-governors-delta-tunnels-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>FRESNO — The board of the nation's largest irrigation district on Tuesday rejected participation in Gov. Jerry Brown's $16 billion plan to build two giant tunnels to re-engineer California's north-south water delivery system, dealing a major blow to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of Westlands Water District, a key player in the project's success or failure, voted 7-1 against the project after more than an hour of tense discussion and comments from farmers, many of whom concluded the tunnels were too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district already has invested millions of dollars toward planning but had not committed to shouldering a share of the hefty construction costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands general manager Thomas Birmingham said he believes the no vote in Fresno could kill the tunnels project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This thing dies, the project will be over,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westlands is the first water district to vote on the project. Officials in other districts were watching the vote as they prepare to make their decisions on the project that has been on the drawing board for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus far, the biggest water project proposed for California in more than a half-century has no firm financial commitments from local water districts. Some fear it would drive up the cost of water delivered to farms and residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came a day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/712b5954fa3a4b4e9494cbbadefa6575/APNewsBreak:-California-wants-millions-to-fund-water-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Associated Press reported\u003c/a> state plans to put dozens more water agencies and millions of families and farmers on the hook for funding the tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach pivots from long-standing state and federal assurances that only water districts that seek to participate would pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powerful Westlands agency provides irrigation water to 1,000 square miles (2,590 square kilometers) in the San Joaquin Valley, some of the nation's richest farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown is pressing to secure the project before he leaves office next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It calls for building two 35-mile-long (56-kilometer-long) tunnels east of San Francisco to deliver water from the Sacramento River mostly to farms and cities hundreds of miles away in Central and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers say the tunnels will stabilize flows, bolster endangered fish and ensure a reliable water supply. Critics say the project will be used to drain Northern California dry and further harm native fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts in the Silicon Valley and those in the farm-rich Central Valley and Southern California are due to vote in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11617675/key-california-farm-district-rejects-governors-delta-tunnels-plan","authors":["byline_news_11617675"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_13","news_356"],"tags":["news_311","news_18163","news_2513","news_17286","news_483"],"featImg":"news_11617814","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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