A Toxic Dust Threatens Salmon. Can We Do Something About It?
California Insurance Market 'In Chaos' Says Former State Commissioner, Amid Rising Premiums and Canceled Policies
After the Fires, a Maui Community Creates a Land Trust to Keep Homes in Local Hands
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Can We Do Something About It?","publishDate":1712138436,"format":"audio","headTitle":"A Toxic Dust Threatens Salmon. Can We Do Something About It? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s salmon are still in decline — so much so that fishery managers may cancel the state’s salmon season for the second straight year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lawmakers, environmental groups and tribes have identified one part of the problem: toxic dust that comes from our tires. KQED’s Ezra David Romero tells us how we can fix this problem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Links:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3045338206&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong> I’m Alan Monticello in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. And welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. California’s salmon are still in big trouble. So much so that fishery managers might cancel salmon season for the second straight year. That would have a big impact on the fishers and tribes who rely on salmon for their livelihoods. Now, salmon are dying in large part because of how we manage our water system. But lawmakers and advocates have also identified another issue. A toxic chemical that’s used in our everyday life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think that was like a moment that flabbergasted me that like, my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>My colleague Ezra David Romero introduces us to one fisher who’s worried about this salmon season and tells us about an effort to do something about this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Dick Ogg is the salmon fisherman who lives in bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>My name is Dick Ogg. I own and operate the fishing vessel Karine Jean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s 71, and he’s been fishing there for something like 51 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m very passionate about maintaining and supporting the commercial and fishing industry in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s sort of that, like, grandpa type of person who’s funny and who’s going to put you in your place and has a lot of information. And he knows salmon really well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m 71 now, so, you know, I mean, I’ve been doing this for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He has this like almost spiritual view of the fish that they’re the strong intellectual creature, you know, that like, makes these long journeys from the deep oceans up through watersheds or rivers and lay their eggs up there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>And all the fish that I can think of this salmon is probably has one of the greatest spirits of them all. I mean, when they come up, they can take a look and bend it straight so that they can get away. And if you try to do that with your own fingers, you couldn’t do it. You just couldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And when I asked him about, like, if these fish are getting away or there’s not enough, he’s like, I think that’s actually okay. Like the more fish that can go up the river and spawn, the better. He kind of like honors the life cycle of these fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What if the past few salmon season’s been like for him, including this one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The past couple of years have been really tough for Dick, because last year they canceled the salmon season altogether, and their fishery managers are warning they might do that again this year because there’s just so few salmon in the ocean off the California coast, and that number has been decreasing over time. And he said the last really great year he had was back in 2011. So he hasn’t had many good years since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I think you need to be patient right now. It’s difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>How will a lack of salmon affect him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think it’s a bummer for him in two ways. First of all, you know, his livelihood depends partly on salmon. He does fish other things. But if the salmon go away and people love the salmon and serve, you know, it’s a high dollar fish. You know, that part of his livelihood, it’s essentially gone. Yes, I figure something else out. And second of all, I think just spiritually like the fish are something that he has this connection with over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I don’t know anyone in on the commercial in that at this point wants to go try to to fish for the minimal potential that we were offering. They would much rather the week and have a reasonable season, maybe next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So Ezra, we are talking about this now because California might cancel its salmon season again. What are the chances that could happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It seems like they’re pretty high. I mean, we won’t know for like a month or two if that actually goes down. But all the Fisher people I talked to for this story are saying this is what they’re hearing is going to happen, so they’re preparing for that. The perils against salmon are many. They’re dying because we’ve cut off the waterways or rivers or streams from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>We put dams up and reservoirs that collect all of this water that cut them off from their spawning habitats that are often way up streams, right, like up a creek in an area with a small amount of water. We also have droughts that decrease water flows in the rivers that also warm up water when we have all these hot days. And that’s a an effect of human caused climate change, which is as a result of warming water as well. There’s also overfishing. There’s also people’s love for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>So we’re eating a lot more salmon than ever. So all of those things combined create a dire scenario for the salmon that Dick Ogg: loves. On top of all those factors like droughts and reservoirs, there’s something that everybody uses that’s affecting these fish. It’s a chemical in tires called 6PPD. Environmentalists are worried about it. Lawmakers are worried about it. Tribes are worried about it. And even the tire manufacturing industry is thinking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So let’s get into this chemical, which I had not heard of before. This story is called 6PPD. What is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s this chemical that tire manufacturers put in the slurry that makes tires. It basically preserves them so they don’t wear out as fast. And it’s in every tire. As you drive your car around town or anywhere. Little pieces of your tire break off, right? They wear out. And in those pieces of tire that chemical exists, those little pieces that are on the roads. So we have these really big storms or really any storm in California which we know are intensifying because of human caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Those chemicals get into water, and then they flow out to the ocean, or they flow out into a river or stream. And when dissolved in that water, fish breathe that in. And then it kills them within two hours. The idea is that it thickens their blood. And fish have this brain barrier that separates their blood from their brain. But this chemical. Where’s that out? And blood floods their brain, essentially, like frying their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do we know about how big of a problem 6PPD is for salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s harder to estimate, like exactly how many fish have died in California. But when we look at studies from Washington, where they’ve studied this extensively. In some of these creeks and rivers, they found that just in one waterway, up to 90% of salmon died from this. And so it can have like a huge effect. Another study showed that even if the contaminant 6PPD is diluted by like 95% of water, right, it can still kill fish. They also found this chemical in San Francisco waterways and also in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Coming up. What federal and state authorities are trying to do about six PPD. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Are there efforts to ban this? Since so many people are concerned about its effects on fish and the environment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Yeah. Last summer, tribes from across the West Coast primarily petitioned the US EPA to, you know, have tire manufacturers stop using this chemical. And that sort of resulted in the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. That’s the agency that regulates, you know, hazardous substances across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>They required the tire industry to provide them a list of alternatives. And that was due, I believe, last Friday on the 30th of March. And now that agency has about two months to think about. Is there an alternative for using this in tires that maybe won’t harm other fish or kill these fish as well?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do tire manufacturers think of this idea? If you know, the government is saying, hey, we might ban a chemical that you use to make your products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I’m sure at first they weren’t really excited that they’re going to have to change their ingredient list. It’s something that’s been on market for like 50 plus years. But when I talk to the tire industry, you know, they seem very compliant, like they want they’re going to work on this and they’re seeing the effects happening. The fish seems like they’re willing to change their ingredient list, but time will tell. And to even change that would take years, maybe decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Right. Because even if this chemical were banned tomorrow, there are all these tires out there with this chemical already. So what else is being done to reduce the potential harm now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Well, this assemblymember from San Mateo named Dianne Patterson, introduced a bill in March to do something about this. Her idea is to rid these waterways of six PPD, and how she wants to do this is by requiring Caltrans. That’s the state’s leading transportation agency, to create five pilot projects in different ecosystems across the state, three of which are in the Bay area in San Mateo County, Sonoma and Contra Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And what they want to do is go to five areas where a highway, say, goes over a river or creek, and they want to put in these culverts, you know, which are just little canals, and then put all that water and say, like a big holding pond. And the idea is that plants and soil will clean the water of this chemical, and after the water is treated, it can go flow into the river and not kill fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Could this effort be expanded beyond these five pilot projects?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah. The lawmaker also is asking Caltrans to create a map of areas where salmon are in the most at risk. As part of this. So they’ll do these five projects and then they’ll get an idea of like, where else can we do this across the state to target the most at risk populations of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So we have these kind of two ideas in tandem, right. You could ban six PPD from being used in tires, which would take a very long time. And then you also have this creative kind of green infrastructure type solution. What’s the ideal scenario here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think the idea is plainly to like have salmon not die because of this chemical. Right? So that means in the near term, treating the water and in the long term banning the 6PPD use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>I mean, based on what you’re saying. Is it fair to say there is hope to get rid of this dangerous chemical that poses such a threat to our salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>All the evidence and interviews I did point to that, that this chemical could be removed. Tribes alerted the federal government, and now tire manufacturers are paying attention to it and are responsible to the state of California to do something about this. So I think there is positive momentum, but at the same time, I think it’s a really big feat. There are millions of cars on California roads, like I have a car. I don’t really want to put new tires on, I just did. But like if the tires are killing all these fish, maybe we should. So I think there’s a really big feet ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What did you learn in this story that you didn’t know before about the challenges facing Sam in our climate and our water systems?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I quite simply didn’t know that this chemical was killing fish from my Prius tires. I drive in the mountains all the time. I go to Sonoma, I like go hiking, and I park next to creeks all the time in the tire dust from my car is killing, potentially killing the fish in that. I think that was the moment that flabbergasted me that my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories that are about how our water infrastructure is set up or like how we’ve built our waterways in California, or like what water managers are doing to like, decrease water flows. This is about something that we all do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>And it also seems like, at least in this case, there could be a clear path forward to reducing or even eliminating this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Definitely. Perhaps a solution is nigh or coming up close. There’s positive momentum here, and you don’t often hear that with salmon stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Ezra, thank you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>That was Ezra David Romero, a climate reporter for KQED. This conversation was cut down by Ellie Prickett-Morgan. Dana Cronin scored this episode and added the tape. Additional production support from myself and Maria Esquinca. Music courtesy of Audio Network and Universal Production Music. The Bay is a production of member supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Alan Montecillo in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. What’s your favorite Beyonce album?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think Renaissance, my favorite Beyoncé song is Freakum Dress. It’s a good one. Everyone forgets about it, but, you know, we all have that dress or outfit that you wear to the club.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Toxic dust that comes from our tires is contributing to the declining in salmon. KQED’s Ezra David Romero tells us how we can fix this problem.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712193968,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":57,"wordCount":2605},"headData":{"title":"A Toxic Dust Threatens Salmon. Can We Do Something About It? | KQED","description":"Toxic dust that comes from our tires is contributing to the declining in salmon. KQED’s Ezra David Romero tells us how we can fix this problem.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"The Bay","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/thebay","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC3045338206.mp3?updated=1712089756","sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","adSlotOverride":"300x250_inHouse","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11981642/a-toxic-dust-threatens-salmon-can-we-do-something-about-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California’s salmon are still in decline — so much so that fishery managers may cancel the state’s salmon season for the second straight year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lawmakers, environmental groups and tribes have identified one part of the problem: toxic dust that comes from our tires. KQED’s Ezra David Romero tells us how we can fix this problem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Links:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC3045338206&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong> I’m Alan Monticello in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. And welcome to the Bay. Local news to keep you rooted. California’s salmon are still in big trouble. So much so that fishery managers might cancel salmon season for the second straight year. That would have a big impact on the fishers and tribes who rely on salmon for their livelihoods. Now, salmon are dying in large part because of how we manage our water system. But lawmakers and advocates have also identified another issue. A toxic chemical that’s used in our everyday life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think that was like a moment that flabbergasted me that like, my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>My colleague Ezra David Romero introduces us to one fisher who’s worried about this salmon season and tells us about an effort to do something about this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Dick Ogg is the salmon fisherman who lives in bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>My name is Dick Ogg. I own and operate the fishing vessel Karine Jean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s 71, and he’s been fishing there for something like 51 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m very passionate about maintaining and supporting the commercial and fishing industry in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He’s sort of that, like, grandpa type of person who’s funny and who’s going to put you in your place and has a lot of information. And he knows salmon really well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I’m 71 now, so, you know, I mean, I’ve been doing this for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>He has this like almost spiritual view of the fish that they’re the strong intellectual creature, you know, that like, makes these long journeys from the deep oceans up through watersheds or rivers and lay their eggs up there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>And all the fish that I can think of this salmon is probably has one of the greatest spirits of them all. I mean, when they come up, they can take a look and bend it straight so that they can get away. And if you try to do that with your own fingers, you couldn’t do it. You just couldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And when I asked him about, like, if these fish are getting away or there’s not enough, he’s like, I think that’s actually okay. Like the more fish that can go up the river and spawn, the better. He kind of like honors the life cycle of these fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What if the past few salmon season’s been like for him, including this one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>The past couple of years have been really tough for Dick, because last year they canceled the salmon season altogether, and their fishery managers are warning they might do that again this year because there’s just so few salmon in the ocean off the California coast, and that number has been decreasing over time. And he said the last really great year he had was back in 2011. So he hasn’t had many good years since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I think you need to be patient right now. It’s difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>How will a lack of salmon affect him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think it’s a bummer for him in two ways. First of all, you know, his livelihood depends partly on salmon. He does fish other things. But if the salmon go away and people love the salmon and serve, you know, it’s a high dollar fish. You know, that part of his livelihood, it’s essentially gone. Yes, I figure something else out. And second of all, I think just spiritually like the fish are something that he has this connection with over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dick Ogg: \u003c/strong>I don’t know anyone in on the commercial in that at this point wants to go try to to fish for the minimal potential that we were offering. They would much rather the week and have a reasonable season, maybe next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So Ezra, we are talking about this now because California might cancel its salmon season again. What are the chances that could happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It seems like they’re pretty high. I mean, we won’t know for like a month or two if that actually goes down. But all the Fisher people I talked to for this story are saying this is what they’re hearing is going to happen, so they’re preparing for that. The perils against salmon are many. They’re dying because we’ve cut off the waterways or rivers or streams from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>We put dams up and reservoirs that collect all of this water that cut them off from their spawning habitats that are often way up streams, right, like up a creek in an area with a small amount of water. We also have droughts that decrease water flows in the rivers that also warm up water when we have all these hot days. And that’s a an effect of human caused climate change, which is as a result of warming water as well. There’s also overfishing. There’s also people’s love for salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>So we’re eating a lot more salmon than ever. So all of those things combined create a dire scenario for the salmon that Dick Ogg: loves. On top of all those factors like droughts and reservoirs, there’s something that everybody uses that’s affecting these fish. It’s a chemical in tires called 6PPD. Environmentalists are worried about it. Lawmakers are worried about it. Tribes are worried about it. And even the tire manufacturing industry is thinking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So let’s get into this chemical, which I had not heard of before. This story is called 6PPD. What is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s this chemical that tire manufacturers put in the slurry that makes tires. It basically preserves them so they don’t wear out as fast. And it’s in every tire. As you drive your car around town or anywhere. Little pieces of your tire break off, right? They wear out. And in those pieces of tire that chemical exists, those little pieces that are on the roads. So we have these really big storms or really any storm in California which we know are intensifying because of human caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Those chemicals get into water, and then they flow out to the ocean, or they flow out into a river or stream. And when dissolved in that water, fish breathe that in. And then it kills them within two hours. The idea is that it thickens their blood. And fish have this brain barrier that separates their blood from their brain. But this chemical. Where’s that out? And blood floods their brain, essentially, like frying their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do we know about how big of a problem 6PPD is for salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>It’s harder to estimate, like exactly how many fish have died in California. But when we look at studies from Washington, where they’ve studied this extensively. In some of these creeks and rivers, they found that just in one waterway, up to 90% of salmon died from this. And so it can have like a huge effect. Another study showed that even if the contaminant 6PPD is diluted by like 95% of water, right, it can still kill fish. They also found this chemical in San Francisco waterways and also in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Coming up. What federal and state authorities are trying to do about six PPD. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Are there efforts to ban this? Since so many people are concerned about its effects on fish and the environment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Yeah. Last summer, tribes from across the West Coast primarily petitioned the US EPA to, you know, have tire manufacturers stop using this chemical. And that sort of resulted in the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. That’s the agency that regulates, you know, hazardous substances across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>They required the tire industry to provide them a list of alternatives. And that was due, I believe, last Friday on the 30th of March. And now that agency has about two months to think about. Is there an alternative for using this in tires that maybe won’t harm other fish or kill these fish as well?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What do tire manufacturers think of this idea? If you know, the government is saying, hey, we might ban a chemical that you use to make your products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I’m sure at first they weren’t really excited that they’re going to have to change their ingredient list. It’s something that’s been on market for like 50 plus years. But when I talk to the tire industry, you know, they seem very compliant, like they want they’re going to work on this and they’re seeing the effects happening. The fish seems like they’re willing to change their ingredient list, but time will tell. And to even change that would take years, maybe decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Right. Because even if this chemical were banned tomorrow, there are all these tires out there with this chemical already. So what else is being done to reduce the potential harm now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Well, this assemblymember from San Mateo named Dianne Patterson, introduced a bill in March to do something about this. Her idea is to rid these waterways of six PPD, and how she wants to do this is by requiring Caltrans. That’s the state’s leading transportation agency, to create five pilot projects in different ecosystems across the state, three of which are in the Bay area in San Mateo County, Sonoma and Contra Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>And what they want to do is go to five areas where a highway, say, goes over a river or creek, and they want to put in these culverts, you know, which are just little canals, and then put all that water and say, like a big holding pond. And the idea is that plants and soil will clean the water of this chemical, and after the water is treated, it can go flow into the river and not kill fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Could this effort be expanded beyond these five pilot projects?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah. The lawmaker also is asking Caltrans to create a map of areas where salmon are in the most at risk. As part of this. So they’ll do these five projects and then they’ll get an idea of like, where else can we do this across the state to target the most at risk populations of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>So we have these kind of two ideas in tandem, right. You could ban six PPD from being used in tires, which would take a very long time. And then you also have this creative kind of green infrastructure type solution. What’s the ideal scenario here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think the idea is plainly to like have salmon not die because of this chemical. Right? So that means in the near term, treating the water and in the long term banning the 6PPD use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>I mean, based on what you’re saying. Is it fair to say there is hope to get rid of this dangerous chemical that poses such a threat to our salmon?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>All the evidence and interviews I did point to that, that this chemical could be removed. Tribes alerted the federal government, and now tire manufacturers are paying attention to it and are responsible to the state of California to do something about this. So I think there is positive momentum, but at the same time, I think it’s a really big feat. There are millions of cars on California roads, like I have a car. I don’t really want to put new tires on, I just did. But like if the tires are killing all these fish, maybe we should. So I think there’s a really big feet ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>What did you learn in this story that you didn’t know before about the challenges facing Sam in our climate and our water systems?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I quite simply didn’t know that this chemical was killing fish from my Prius tires. I drive in the mountains all the time. I go to Sonoma, I like go hiking, and I park next to creeks all the time in the tire dust from my car is killing, potentially killing the fish in that. I think that was the moment that flabbergasted me that my actions are doing this. And I think that’s what separates this story from, say, other salmon stories that are about how our water infrastructure is set up or like how we’ve built our waterways in California, or like what water managers are doing to like, decrease water flows. This is about something that we all do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>And it also seems like, at least in this case, there could be a clear path forward to reducing or even eliminating this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Definitely. Perhaps a solution is nigh or coming up close. There’s positive momentum here, and you don’t often hear that with salmon stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>Ezra, thank you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>Thanks for having me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alan Montecillo: \u003c/strong>That was Ezra David Romero, a climate reporter for KQED. This conversation was cut down by Ellie Prickett-Morgan. Dana Cronin scored this episode and added the tape. Additional production support from myself and Maria Esquinca. Music courtesy of Audio Network and Universal Production Music. The Bay is a production of member supported KQED in San Francisco. I’m Alan Montecillo in for Ericka Cruz Guevarra. Thanks for listening. What’s your favorite Beyonce album?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ezra David Romero: \u003c/strong>I think Renaissance, my favorite Beyoncé song is Freakum Dress. It’s a good one. Everyone forgets about it, but, you know, we all have that dress or outfit that you wear to the club.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11981642/a-toxic-dust-threatens-salmon-can-we-do-something-about-it","authors":["11649","11746","11802","11362","11898"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_255","news_3531","news_22598"],"featImg":"news_11184522","label":"source_news_11981642"},"news_11980757":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11980757","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11980757","score":null,"sort":[1711486849000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies","title":"California Insurance Market 'In Chaos' Says Former State Commissioner, Amid Rising Premiums and Canceled Policies","publishDate":1711486849,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Insurance Market ‘In Chaos’ Says Former State Commissioner, Amid Rising Premiums and Canceled Policies | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>With more California homeowners just discovering their insurance policies are getting canceled — and hundreds of thousands of others stuck with a pricey option of last resort — state Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara’s efforts to fix the home insurance market can’t come quickly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara has introduced two main regulations, with more to come. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release007-2024.cfm\">first\u003c/a>, unveiled last month, aims to streamline rate reviews. State law allows the Insurance Department to approve or deny insurers’ requests to raise premiums. Insurance companies complain the process has been holding up the increases they seek due to increased costs due to rising climate-change risks and inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release011-2024.cfm\">second regulation\u003c/a> will let insurers use catastrophe modeling — which combines historical data with projected risk and losses — along with other factors when setting their premiums. California is the last state to allow for catastrophe modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re undertaking the state’s largest insurance reform,” Lara said during a press conference earlier this month. “We can no longer look solely to the past to guide us to the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said catastrophe modeling will lead to “more reliable rates,” “greater insurance availability” and “safer communities,” because he said it would further encourage and reward wildfire mitigation by homeowners and communities. Insurance Department spokesperson Michael Soller said success would mean fewer homeowners needing to turn to the FAIR Plan, the state-mandated insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance trade groups, which stand to benefit most from the new regulations, agree with Lara’s support for catastrophe modeling and support his so-called sustainable insurance strategy. So do fire chiefs, to an extent. But almost everyone else — homeowners, consumer groups and former insurance commissioners — has lingering concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"U.S. Rep. John Garamendi (D-Calif.)\"]‘One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information. (Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/john-garamendi/G000559\">U.S. Rep. John Garamendi\u003c/a>, a Democrat representing parts of Solano and Contra Costa counties, had two stints as state insurance commissioner in the mid-1990s and early 2000s. He said the insurance market is “in chaos” — and that Lara should be holding public hearings and demanding insurance company executives testify to explain to Californians why their premiums are rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information,” Garamendi said in an interview with CalMatters. “(Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criticism drew a retort from Soller: “Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Winnacker, chief of the East Bay’s Moraga-Orinda Fire District, said the upsides of catastrophe modeling include being able to credit what homeowners, communities and governments do to lessen wildfire risk. That includes being able to account for the numbers and proximity of firefighters in certain areas, Winnacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Michael Soller, deputy commissioner for communications, California Department of Insurance\"]‘Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.’[/pullquote]“Depending on where you are in a state, and that’s tied to population density, the number of firefighters available could affect the outcome (of a wildfire),” he said, adding that catastrophe models should reflect that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he and other fire chiefs are working to ensure the interests of consumers, fire professionals, insurers and the state are aligned. Insurers may not know what homeowners, communities and local fire departments are doing to reduce wildfire risk. One idea: a database to share that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no future in which we can price our way out of this crisis with just premiums,” Winnacker said, adding that everyone needs to work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Jones, the state insurance commissioner for eight years before Lara took over in 2019, said he is “trying to avoid looking over the shoulder of my successor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now director of the Climate Risk Initiative Center for Law, Energy & the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law. He said it is good for consumers that the catastrophe-modeling regulation could take forest management into consideration. But he said he’s not sure Lara’s actions will be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980763\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara speaks during a press conference with Los Angeles labor leaders and advocates in Commerce, Los Angeles County, on Sept. 26, 2022. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the end of the year, Lara is also expected to issue a regulation allowing insurers to factor reinsurance costs into their rates. Reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies in the event of large payouts. That plus the other new regulations may “help in the short to mid term,” giving insurance companies the ability to raise premiums, Jones told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he said those actions may “ultimately be overwhelmed by our failure to stop the fossil-fuel industry, which is contributing to rising temperatures” and, therefore, insurance losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones also pointed out that Florida has long allowed insurers to use catastrophe modeling and has let them factor in reinsurance costs in their rates — yet its insurance market is in worse shape than California’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1985175,news_11968643,news_11962131\"]“Florida has done what insurers are asking for,” Jones said. Yet “Florida’s rates are three or four times the national average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Friedlander, spokesperson for the Insurance Information Institute, an industry group, confirmed that the group estimates that Florida’s average home insurance premium was $6,000, or 3 1/2 times the national average, in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Jones said Florida’s version of California’s last-resort FAIR Plan — called the Citizens Property Insurance Corp. because it’s funded with a surcharge on policyholders — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizensfla.com/policies-in-force\">more than 1 million policies\u003c/a>. California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/01/california-fire-insurance-2/\">growing FAIR Plan\u003c/a>, run by a pool of insurers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/article286650045.html\">has 373,000 policies\u003c/a>, its president told state lawmakers recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That raises the question,” Jones said. “Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, last week, State Farm said that it is not renewing policies for 30,000 California homeowners, as well as refusing to cover all commercial apartments by not renewing 42,000 of those policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening despite California approving State Farm’s requests to levy double-digit premium increases last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of our roles as the insurance regulator is to hold insurance companies accountable for their words and deeds,” said Soller, the Insurance Department spokesperson. “State Farm General’s decision … raises serious questions about its financial situation — questions the company must answer to regulators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm spokesperson Sevag Sarkissian would not comment beyond the statement the company put on its website last week, which read in part: “This decision was not made lightly and only after careful analysis of State Farm General’s financial health, which continues to be impacted by inflation, catastrophe exposure, reinsurance costs, and the limitations of working within decades-old insurance regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarkissian also referred CalMatters to the Personal Insurance Federation of California, which counts State Farm as a member. The industry group’s president, Rex Frazier, said in an email last week that allowing insurers to use catastrophe modeling would help with insurance availability. Yet in its statement, State Farm acknowledged the actions Lara is taking to try to fix the insurance availability and affordability crisis in California, even as it announced its decision not to renew tens of thousands of homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Kaufman, a retiree in June Lake in Mono County, recently received a notice of nonrenewal for her homeowners insurance with Farmers, which she said she and her husband were dreading but expecting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dave Jones, former state insurance commissioner\"]‘That raises the question … Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.’[/pullquote]“I’m not really sure what the state’s trying to do, both at the commissioner and legislative level,” Kaufman said. And losing the ability to renew her policy is affecting her other insurance needs, she said. As her broker helps look for an alternative, her \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/12/california-car-insurance/\">auto premium is now going up \u003c/a>about $300 a year because it will no longer be bundled with home insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the new regulations give insurance companies what they had asked for, one part of Lara’s strategy — which he first \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2023/09/california-insurance-crisis/\">laid out last year\u003c/a> after an executive order by the governor — is conspicuously missing. Lara had said insurance companies would be required “to commit to writing at least 85% of their statewide market share in wildfire-distressed underserved areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision is nowhere in the text of Lara’s unveiled regulations so far — an omission not lost on consumer groups or former commissioner Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where is that 85% ?” asked Carmen Balber, executive director of Consumer Watchdog. Soller, the Insurance Department’s spokesperson, said that part of the commissioner’s strategy is coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balber also said she is concerned that the catastrophe-modeling regulation “appears to not comply with the transparency requirements of Prop. 103,” the voter-approved law that regulates the insurance industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the text of the regulation on catastrophe modeling, the public will be able to take part in reviewing catastrophe models before they’re deemed acceptable. However, anyone who helps review the models must sign a nondisclosure agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a big chunk of your insurance rate is behind a ‘black box,’ then that’s not what the voters passed,” when they passed Proposition 103 in 1988, Balber said. “At the end of the day, if the commissioner passes something that hides something behind closed doors, we’ll have to consider challenging it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For the record: This story has been revised to identify Rex Frazier as president of the Personal Insurance Federation of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Insurance nonrenewals continue even as Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara introduces regulations favored by the industry.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1711496389,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1855},"headData":{"title":"California Insurance Market 'In Chaos' Says Former State Commissioner, Amid Rising Premiums and Canceled Policies | KQED","description":"Insurance nonrenewals continue even as Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara introduces regulations favored by the industry.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/levi-sumagaysay/\">Levi Sumagaysay\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11980757/state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With more California homeowners just discovering their insurance policies are getting canceled — and hundreds of thousands of others stuck with a pricey option of last resort — state Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara’s efforts to fix the home insurance market can’t come quickly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara has introduced two main regulations, with more to come. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release007-2024.cfm\">first\u003c/a>, unveiled last month, aims to streamline rate reviews. State law allows the Insurance Department to approve or deny insurers’ requests to raise premiums. Insurance companies complain the process has been holding up the increases they seek due to increased costs due to rising climate-change risks and inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2024/release011-2024.cfm\">second regulation\u003c/a> will let insurers use catastrophe modeling — which combines historical data with projected risk and losses — along with other factors when setting their premiums. California is the last state to allow for catastrophe modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re undertaking the state’s largest insurance reform,” Lara said during a press conference earlier this month. “We can no longer look solely to the past to guide us to the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said catastrophe modeling will lead to “more reliable rates,” “greater insurance availability” and “safer communities,” because he said it would further encourage and reward wildfire mitigation by homeowners and communities. Insurance Department spokesperson Michael Soller said success would mean fewer homeowners needing to turn to the FAIR Plan, the state-mandated insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance trade groups, which stand to benefit most from the new regulations, agree with Lara’s support for catastrophe modeling and support his so-called sustainable insurance strategy. So do fire chiefs, to an extent. But almost everyone else — homeowners, consumer groups and former insurance commissioners — has lingering concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information. (Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"U.S. Rep. John Garamendi (D-Calif.)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/john-garamendi/G000559\">U.S. Rep. John Garamendi\u003c/a>, a Democrat representing parts of Solano and Contra Costa counties, had two stints as state insurance commissioner in the mid-1990s and early 2000s. He said the insurance market is “in chaos” — and that Lara should be holding public hearings and demanding insurance company executives testify to explain to Californians why their premiums are rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the critical things a commissioner does is to analyze the market and provide the public with information,” Garamendi said in an interview with CalMatters. “(Lara) didn’t use his power to control the industry and second, to inform Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criticism drew a retort from Soller: “Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Winnacker, chief of the East Bay’s Moraga-Orinda Fire District, said the upsides of catastrophe modeling include being able to credit what homeowners, communities and governments do to lessen wildfire risk. That includes being able to account for the numbers and proximity of firefighters in certain areas, Winnacker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Commissioner Lara is fixing decadeslong neglected issues that have led to this crisis. He is focused on safeguarding the integrity of the state’s insurance market, not second-guessing from predecessors who had their chance and failed to act.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Michael Soller, deputy commissioner for communications, California Department of Insurance","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Depending on where you are in a state, and that’s tied to population density, the number of firefighters available could affect the outcome (of a wildfire),” he said, adding that catastrophe models should reflect that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said he and other fire chiefs are working to ensure the interests of consumers, fire professionals, insurers and the state are aligned. Insurers may not know what homeowners, communities and local fire departments are doing to reduce wildfire risk. One idea: a database to share that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no future in which we can price our way out of this crisis with just premiums,” Winnacker said, adding that everyone needs to work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Jones, the state insurance commissioner for eight years before Lara took over in 2019, said he is “trying to avoid looking over the shoulder of my successor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones is now director of the Climate Risk Initiative Center for Law, Energy & the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law. He said it is good for consumers that the catastrophe-modeling regulation could take forest management into consideration. But he said he’s not sure Lara’s actions will be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980763\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/092622_PressConference_LJ_CM_11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara speaks during a press conference with Los Angeles labor leaders and advocates in Commerce, Los Angeles County, on Sept. 26, 2022. \u003ccite>(Alisha Jucevic for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the end of the year, Lara is also expected to issue a regulation allowing insurers to factor reinsurance costs into their rates. Reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies in the event of large payouts. That plus the other new regulations may “help in the short to mid term,” giving insurance companies the ability to raise premiums, Jones told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he said those actions may “ultimately be overwhelmed by our failure to stop the fossil-fuel industry, which is contributing to rising temperatures” and, therefore, insurance losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones also pointed out that Florida has long allowed insurers to use catastrophe modeling and has let them factor in reinsurance costs in their rates — yet its insurance market is in worse shape than California’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1985175,news_11968643,news_11962131"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Florida has done what insurers are asking for,” Jones said. Yet “Florida’s rates are three or four times the national average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Friedlander, spokesperson for the Insurance Information Institute, an industry group, confirmed that the group estimates that Florida’s average home insurance premium was $6,000, or 3 1/2 times the national average, in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Jones said Florida’s version of California’s last-resort FAIR Plan — called the Citizens Property Insurance Corp. because it’s funded with a surcharge on policyholders — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizensfla.com/policies-in-force\">more than 1 million policies\u003c/a>. California’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/01/california-fire-insurance-2/\">growing FAIR Plan\u003c/a>, run by a pool of insurers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/article286650045.html\">has 373,000 policies\u003c/a>, its president told state lawmakers recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That raises the question,” Jones said. “Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, last week, State Farm said that it is not renewing policies for 30,000 California homeowners, as well as refusing to cover all commercial apartments by not renewing 42,000 of those policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening despite California approving State Farm’s requests to levy double-digit premium increases last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of our roles as the insurance regulator is to hold insurance companies accountable for their words and deeds,” said Soller, the Insurance Department spokesperson. “State Farm General’s decision … raises serious questions about its financial situation — questions the company must answer to regulators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm spokesperson Sevag Sarkissian would not comment beyond the statement the company put on its website last week, which read in part: “This decision was not made lightly and only after careful analysis of State Farm General’s financial health, which continues to be impacted by inflation, catastrophe exposure, reinsurance costs, and the limitations of working within decades-old insurance regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarkissian also referred CalMatters to the Personal Insurance Federation of California, which counts State Farm as a member. The industry group’s president, Rex Frazier, said in an email last week that allowing insurers to use catastrophe modeling would help with insurance availability. Yet in its statement, State Farm acknowledged the actions Lara is taking to try to fix the insurance availability and affordability crisis in California, even as it announced its decision not to renew tens of thousands of homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Kaufman, a retiree in June Lake in Mono County, recently received a notice of nonrenewal for her homeowners insurance with Farmers, which she said she and her husband were dreading but expecting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘That raises the question … Giving insurers (higher rates) and shifting the burden to all Californians … whether that’s going to be enough in the face of growing background risk associated with climate change.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dave Jones, former state insurance commissioner","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I’m not really sure what the state’s trying to do, both at the commissioner and legislative level,” Kaufman said. And losing the ability to renew her policy is affecting her other insurance needs, she said. As her broker helps look for an alternative, her \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2023/12/california-car-insurance/\">auto premium is now going up \u003c/a>about $300 a year because it will no longer be bundled with home insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the new regulations give insurance companies what they had asked for, one part of Lara’s strategy — which he first \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2023/09/california-insurance-crisis/\">laid out last year\u003c/a> after an executive order by the governor — is conspicuously missing. Lara had said insurance companies would be required “to commit to writing at least 85% of their statewide market share in wildfire-distressed underserved areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision is nowhere in the text of Lara’s unveiled regulations so far — an omission not lost on consumer groups or former commissioner Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where is that 85% ?” asked Carmen Balber, executive director of Consumer Watchdog. Soller, the Insurance Department’s spokesperson, said that part of the commissioner’s strategy is coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balber also said she is concerned that the catastrophe-modeling regulation “appears to not comply with the transparency requirements of Prop. 103,” the voter-approved law that regulates the insurance industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the text of the regulation on catastrophe modeling, the public will be able to take part in reviewing catastrophe models before they’re deemed acceptable. However, anyone who helps review the models must sign a nondisclosure agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a big chunk of your insurance rate is behind a ‘black box,’ then that’s not what the voters passed,” when they passed Proposition 103 in 1988, Balber said. “At the end of the day, if the commissioner passes something that hides something behind closed doors, we’ll have to consider challenging it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For the record: This story has been revised to identify Rex Frazier as president of the Personal Insurance Federation of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11980757/state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies","authors":["byline_news_11980757"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_255","news_32779","news_1775"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11980762","label":"news_18481"},"news_11979610":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11979610","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11979610","score":null,"sort":[1710594054000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-the-fires-a-maui-community-creates-a-land-trust-to-keep-homes-in-local-hands","title":"After the Fires, a Maui Community Creates a Land Trust to Keep Homes in Local Hands","publishDate":1710594054,"format":"standard","headTitle":"After the Fires, a Maui Community Creates a Land Trust to Keep Homes in Local Hands | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Several months after Mikey Burke’s house burned down in Lahaina, her husband got a text message out of the blue. It was an offer to buy their property with no inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s gotten a couple of those,” Burke says. “Fighting against speculators and large developers coming in is nothing new for us, but we’ve never had it where it’s been this important to our very being as this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke and her family are among hundreds in Lahaina who are navigating the long and arduous process of rebuilding. More than seven months after the wildfire that took 101 lives, hundreds of properties are still covered in piles of debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fire survivors have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1231191740/maui-fire-survivors-struggle-to-find-long-term-housing-half-a-year-after-the-bla\">moved into rental properties outside Lahaina\u003c/a>. Others are finding new jobs or schools elsewhere on Maui or in the continental U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1195387894/lahaina-residents-worry-developers-will-scoop-up-land-after-the-recent-wildfires#:~:text=Transcript-,NPR's%20Leila%20Fadel%20talks%20to%20Tiare%20Lawrence%2C%20who%20belongs%20to,land%20after%20the%20recent%20wildfires.\">Many Lahaina residents worry\u003c/a> that developers will buy up properties as they become available, changing the makeup of a community that was once the historic capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have enough of that happening, the village we grew up in is not going to be the village that we want to raise our kids in,” Burke says. “This community is so important to who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979614\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979614\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Maui is a center of the tourism industry, raising concerns in the community that developers will buy properties destroyed in the fire as they come up for sale. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, some community members are \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">working on a way to buy properties\u003c/a> so they can remain affordable and available to local residents. It’s a nonprofit community land trust modeled after ones \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/09/1168839399/community-land-trusts-are-providing-a-solution-to-gentrification\">used around the country for affordable housing.\u003c/a> Land trusts purchase properties and then sell or rent the houses. When the homes are for purchase, the trust keeps ownership of the land they’re built on, so the overall sale price is less than comparable homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community land trusts have emerged in a handful of other places recovering from disasters, like \u003ca href=\"https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/community-land-trusts-are-building-disaster-resilient-neighborhoods\">Houston\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/news/2018-08-16/in-post-irma-keys-one-tiny-new-home-is-cause-for-major-celebration\">Florida Keys\u003c/a> after both places were hit by hurricanes. The challenge is mobilizing financial resources in time to purchase properties in the crucial years post-disaster when properties go up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of units destroyed that are housing people affordably always outnumbers the amount that you rebuild,” says Steve Kirk, president of Rural Communities, an affordable housing nonprofit affiliated with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.affordablekeys.org/\">Florida Keys Community Land Trust\u003c/a>. “There are individuals and corporations with strike capital that can step into that void and acquire that land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979616\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979616\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maui’s striking volcano and scenic beaches are a major draw for tourists. Half of all condo sales on the island are to out-of-state buyers. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Challenges to rebuilding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Life is still in upheaval for Burke and her family. For months after the fire, her family of four kids and four dogs lived in two hotel rooms. Recently, they moved into a longer-term rental north of Lahaina. Her kids go to a Hawaiian language immersion school right next to the burn zone, so all four are doing distance learning by computer from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re still grappling with memories from the day of the fire. As the smoke approached their house, Burke loaded the kids into the car. But the traffic was at a standstill in the rush to evacuate Lahaina. They watched as the flames kept getting closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was telling the kids: if mommy opens the door, you run straight and you run to the ocean,” she says. “I will never forget that feeling because I didn’t know if it was OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their house was destroyed. The burned debris is still awaiting removal, like hundreds of other properties in Lahaina. But Burke’s family is already navigating the rebuilding process. Burke says they received a dollar estimate for what their insurance company will pay them, but they’re not sure if it will be enough to cover the cost of rebuilding with contractors in such high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course in August, everyone was like: yeah, we’re going to rebuild,” Burke says. “But now, we’re looking at the actual money we have to rebuild and have to make a decision. Do we rebuild? What can we even rebuild? Or do we sell?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s heard from others from Lahaina going through the same struggle. Some who are older may not be up for the long rebuilding process. Some are underinsured and won’t have enough to rebuild what they had. Burke says she’s determined to stay, but concern is high that the community she grew up in will be forever altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979617\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over 7 months after the fire, most properties that were burned in Lahaina are still covered with debris. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Selling in, instead of selling out’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping the community together was on Burke’s mind when she ran into two people working on a potential way to help: Carolyn Auweloa and Autumn Ness. Having worked on housing policy, Ness and Auweloa were aware of the community land trust model and decided to start one for Lahaina. The goal of land trusts is to keep housing affordable in the long term since the buyer agrees to sell the home at a restricted price whenever they choose to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979618\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-800x1201.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Autumn Ness, who has worked on housing and local food policy on Maui, says the land trust would be led by the Lahaina community as it re-envisions its future. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cltweb.org/clt-directory/\">Dozens of community land trusts\u003c/a> have been established around the country to boost the affordable housing supply. As climate-driven disasters have taken a bigger and bigger toll, land trusts are getting new attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ness says the wildfires only increased the already-existing pressure on Maui’s housing market. With its stunning ocean views and rich history, Lahaina was a tourism hotspot. Short-term rentals, driven by Airbnb and VRBO, \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">made up 40% of the total housing supply (PDF)\u003c/a> in Lahaina’s zip code. And in Maui County more broadly, half of all condominium sales \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">are to out-of-state buyers (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable,” Ness says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">Lahaina Community Land Trust\u003c/a>, as they’ve named it, is still in the early stages and is starting to raise money through donations. Ness says it could do more than just build housing. They could buy some properties that are of cultural value to Native Hawaiians and preserve them for the community. They could buy other properties at risk of being flooded by sea level rise and not build on them at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Autumn Ness\"]‘We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable.’[/pullquote]“People talk about the land trust as a way to sell in, instead of selling out,” Ness says. “If you have to sell — not your fault, no judgment. How can we make sure you have what you need and the land stays in the highest and best interest of the community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke decided to join the effort to develop the land trust, which she says will hopefully lessen the pain for neighbors who choose to leave Lahaina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we can’t save every parcel that’s gonna come up to be sold,” Burke says. “But if we’re an option on somebody’s table so if they have to walk away, they can do it in good conscience, that’s all we’re there for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Land trusts are growing after disasters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When hurricanes, floods and wildfires destroy housing, the ensuing upheaval can permanently shift the makeup of a community. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which hit New Orleans in 2005, \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Graif_Popul_Environ_2016.pdf\">a third of displaced residents (PDF)\u003c/a> still had not returned after three years, and lower-income residents were the most vulnerable to being displaced. Neighborhoods damaged by flooding \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0042098018800445?journalCode=usja\">were also more likely to experience gentrification\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hurricane Irma hit the Florida Keys in 2017, the Florida Keys Community Land Trust was established. Like in Lahaina, land values are high there, driven by tourism and restrictions on development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vacation rentals command so much money that even in the absence of any storm, we are losing service worker housing on a month-to-month basis,” says Kirk, who works on the land trust as well as affordable housing around Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979619\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community land trusts are used widely around the US, but have only recently started in communities hit by disasters like wildfires and hurricanes. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trust built 31 affordable units on property that went up for sale after the hurricane. It began with a private donation, but the trust eventually secured a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/cdbg-dr\">federal grant earmarked for disaster recovery\u003c/a>. Kirk says securing funding quickly is key since many properties are put up for sale within just a few years of a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public funding is really a necessity in order to preserve land in the aftermath of a disaster, particularly in an affluent location,” Kirk says. “Because in the absence of that, market conditions will cause speculators and others to step into that land and end up serving a completely different income level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lahaina, Burke says organizers aren’t sure how many properties the land trust might be able to buy, but they hope to start within the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re at a place where we can’t come back and still make this a beautiful, vibrant community,” Burke says. “We’re gonna need help and we’re going to continue to need help for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"To ward off speculators and developers, the people of Lahaina have created a nonprofit land trust to keep their community together and rebuild after the devastating fires last year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710550853,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1737},"headData":{"title":"After the Fires, a Maui Community Creates a Land Trust to Keep Homes in Local Hands | KQED","description":"To ward off speculators and developers, the people of Lahaina have created a nonprofit land trust to keep their community together and rebuild after the devastating fires last year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/803934365/lauren-sommer\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11979610/after-the-fires-a-maui-community-creates-a-land-trust-to-keep-homes-in-local-hands","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several months after Mikey Burke’s house burned down in Lahaina, her husband got a text message out of the blue. It was an offer to buy their property with no inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s gotten a couple of those,” Burke says. “Fighting against speculators and large developers coming in is nothing new for us, but we’ve never had it where it’s been this important to our very being as this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke and her family are among hundreds in Lahaina who are navigating the long and arduous process of rebuilding. More than seven months after the wildfire that took 101 lives, hundreds of properties are still covered in piles of debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some fire survivors have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1231191740/maui-fire-survivors-struggle-to-find-long-term-housing-half-a-year-after-the-bla\">moved into rental properties outside Lahaina\u003c/a>. Others are finding new jobs or schools elsewhere on Maui or in the continental U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/23/1195387894/lahaina-residents-worry-developers-will-scoop-up-land-after-the-recent-wildfires#:~:text=Transcript-,NPR's%20Leila%20Fadel%20talks%20to%20Tiare%20Lawrence%2C%20who%20belongs%20to,land%20after%20the%20recent%20wildfires.\">Many Lahaina residents worry\u003c/a> that developers will buy up properties as they become available, changing the makeup of a community that was once the historic capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have enough of that happening, the village we grew up in is not going to be the village that we want to raise our kids in,” Burke says. “This community is so important to who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979614\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979614\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0823-edit-copy_custom-1c8f8b1c2444cf6cb8a2caa95c83485ec1758b99-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">West Maui is a center of the tourism industry, raising concerns in the community that developers will buy properties destroyed in the fire as they come up for sale. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, some community members are \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">working on a way to buy properties\u003c/a> so they can remain affordable and available to local residents. It’s a nonprofit community land trust modeled after ones \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/09/1168839399/community-land-trusts-are-providing-a-solution-to-gentrification\">used around the country for affordable housing.\u003c/a> Land trusts purchase properties and then sell or rent the houses. When the homes are for purchase, the trust keeps ownership of the land they’re built on, so the overall sale price is less than comparable homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community land trusts have emerged in a handful of other places recovering from disasters, like \u003ca href=\"https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/community-land-trusts-are-building-disaster-resilient-neighborhoods\">Houston\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/news/2018-08-16/in-post-irma-keys-one-tiny-new-home-is-cause-for-major-celebration\">Florida Keys\u003c/a> after both places were hit by hurricanes. The challenge is mobilizing financial resources in time to purchase properties in the crucial years post-disaster when properties go up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of units destroyed that are housing people affordably always outnumbers the amount that you rebuild,” says Steve Kirk, president of Rural Communities, an affordable housing nonprofit affiliated with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.affordablekeys.org/\">Florida Keys Community Land Trust\u003c/a>. “There are individuals and corporations with strike capital that can step into that void and acquire that land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979616\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979616\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip-copy_custom-ccd780a6287ce9de1f7f1dea4eabc316971db35a-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maui’s striking volcano and scenic beaches are a major draw for tourists. Half of all condo sales on the island are to out-of-state buyers. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Challenges to rebuilding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Life is still in upheaval for Burke and her family. For months after the fire, her family of four kids and four dogs lived in two hotel rooms. Recently, they moved into a longer-term rental north of Lahaina. Her kids go to a Hawaiian language immersion school right next to the burn zone, so all four are doing distance learning by computer from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re still grappling with memories from the day of the fire. As the smoke approached their house, Burke loaded the kids into the car. But the traffic was at a standstill in the rush to evacuate Lahaina. They watched as the flames kept getting closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was telling the kids: if mommy opens the door, you run straight and you run to the ocean,” she says. “I will never forget that feeling because I didn’t know if it was OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their house was destroyed. The burned debris is still awaiting removal, like hundreds of other properties in Lahaina. But Burke’s family is already navigating the rebuilding process. Burke says they received a dollar estimate for what their insurance company will pay them, but they’re not sure if it will be enough to cover the cost of rebuilding with contractors in such high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course in August, everyone was like: yeah, we’re going to rebuild,” Burke says. “But now, we’re looking at the actual money we have to rebuild and have to make a decision. Do we rebuild? What can we even rebuild? Or do we sell?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s heard from others from Lahaina going through the same struggle. Some who are older may not be up for the long rebuilding process. Some are underinsured and won’t have enough to rebuild what they had. Burke says she’s determined to stay, but concern is high that the community she grew up in will be forever altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979617\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/d9a0816-edit_custom-f6b47bba705382ff21e8ba6a7918ca13555eff0c-s2600-c85-copy-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over 7 months after the fire, most properties that were burned in Lahaina are still covered with debris. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Selling in, instead of selling out’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping the community together was on Burke’s mind when she ran into two people working on a potential way to help: Carolyn Auweloa and Autumn Ness. Having worked on housing policy, Ness and Auweloa were aware of the community land trust model and decided to start one for Lahaina. The goal of land trusts is to keep housing affordable in the long term since the buyer agrees to sell the home at a restricted price whenever they choose to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979618\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979618\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-800x1201.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/0b6a1287-copy_custom-7c5e76759d3a2dbfed0a6152c4ae0608e71982f0-s1000-c85-copy-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Autumn Ness, who has worked on housing and local food policy on Maui, says the land trust would be led by the Lahaina community as it re-envisions its future. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cltweb.org/clt-directory/\">Dozens of community land trusts\u003c/a> have been established around the country to boost the affordable housing supply. As climate-driven disasters have taken a bigger and bigger toll, land trusts are getting new attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ness says the wildfires only increased the already-existing pressure on Maui’s housing market. With its stunning ocean views and rich history, Lahaina was a tourism hotspot. Short-term rentals, driven by Airbnb and VRBO, \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">made up 40% of the total housing supply (PDF)\u003c/a> in Lahaina’s zip code. And in Maui County more broadly, half of all condominium sales \u003ca href=\"https://uhero.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheHawaiiHousingFactbook.pdf\">are to out-of-state buyers (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable,” Ness says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://lahainacommunitylandtrust.org/\">Lahaina Community Land Trust\u003c/a>, as they’ve named it, is still in the early stages and is starting to raise money through donations. Ness says it could do more than just build housing. They could buy some properties that are of cultural value to Native Hawaiians and preserve them for the community. They could buy other properties at risk of being flooded by sea level rise and not build on them at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’ve seen Lahaina be sold to investors parcel by parcel over the last couple of generations, so it was just like: oh my god, we’re super vulnerable.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Autumn Ness","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“People talk about the land trust as a way to sell in, instead of selling out,” Ness says. “If you have to sell — not your fault, no judgment. How can we make sure you have what you need and the land stays in the highest and best interest of the community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke decided to join the effort to develop the land trust, which she says will hopefully lessen the pain for neighbors who choose to leave Lahaina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we can’t save every parcel that’s gonna come up to be sold,” Burke says. “But if we’re an option on somebody’s table so if they have to walk away, they can do it in good conscience, that’s all we’re there for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Land trusts are growing after disasters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When hurricanes, floods and wildfires destroy housing, the ensuing upheaval can permanently shift the makeup of a community. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which hit New Orleans in 2005, \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Graif_Popul_Environ_2016.pdf\">a third of displaced residents (PDF)\u003c/a> still had not returned after three years, and lower-income residents were the most vulnerable to being displaced. Neighborhoods damaged by flooding \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0042098018800445?journalCode=usja\">were also more likely to experience gentrification\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Hurricane Irma hit the Florida Keys in 2017, the Florida Keys Community Land Trust was established. Like in Lahaina, land values are high there, driven by tourism and restrictions on development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vacation rentals command so much money that even in the absence of any storm, we are losing service worker housing on a month-to-month basis,” says Kirk, who works on the land trust as well as affordable housing around Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979619\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1536x507.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-2048x676.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/hawaiidip2jpg_custom-d162482bb9927c489db86931714d28f8ea208ad5-s2600-c85-copy-1920x634.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community land trusts are used widely around the US, but have only recently started in communities hit by disasters like wildfires and hurricanes. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The trust built 31 affordable units on property that went up for sale after the hurricane. It began with a private donation, but the trust eventually secured a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/cdbg-dr\">federal grant earmarked for disaster recovery\u003c/a>. Kirk says securing funding quickly is key since many properties are put up for sale within just a few years of a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public funding is really a necessity in order to preserve land in the aftermath of a disaster, particularly in an affluent location,” Kirk says. “Because in the absence of that, market conditions will cause speculators and others to step into that land and end up serving a completely different income level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Lahaina, Burke says organizers aren’t sure how many properties the land trust might be able to buy, but they hope to start within the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re at a place where we can’t come back and still make this a beautiful, vibrant community,” Burke says. “We’re gonna need help and we’re going to continue to need help for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11979610/after-the-fires-a-maui-community-creates-a-land-trust-to-keep-homes-in-local-hands","authors":["byline_news_11979610"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_255","news_27626","news_1775","news_17996","news_137","news_3187"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11979613","label":"news_253"},"news_11979516":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11979516","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11979516","score":null,"sort":[1710513012000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-fails-to-meet-climate-change-mandates-and-greenhouse-emission-goals-study-finds","title":"California Fails to Meet Climate Change Mandates and Greenhouse Emission Goals, Study Finds","publishDate":1710513012,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Fails to Meet Climate Change Mandates and Greenhouse Emission Goals, Study Finds | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California will fail to meet its ambitious mandates for combating climate change unless it almost triples its rate of reducing greenhouse gases through 2030, according to a new analysis released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After dropping during the pandemic, California’s emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other climate-warming gases increased 3.4% in 2021, when the economy rebounded. The increase puts California further away from reaching its target mandated under state law: \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32\">emitting 40% less in 2030 than in 1990\u003c/a> — a feat that will become more expensive and more difficult as time passes, the report’s authors told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well,” said Stafford Nichols, a researcher at \u003ca href=\"https://beaconecon.com/\">Beacon Economics\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based economics research firm, and a co-author of the annual California Green Innovation Index released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Stafford Nichols, researcher, Beacon Economics\"]‘The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well.’[/pullquote]“As we get closer to that 2030 goal, the fact that we’re further off just means that we have to decrease faster each year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is even further away from meeting a more aggressive goal set by the Air Resources Board in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/california-plan-climate-change/\">the state’s new climate blueprint\u003c/a>. Under that plan, greenhouse gases must be cut 48% below 1990 levels by 2030. Gov. Gavin Newsom had urged the board to adopt the more difficult goal, calling \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-sp.pdf\">the new scoping plan (PDF)\u003c/a> the “most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Clegern, an air board spokesperson, said in an emailed statement to CalMatters that state officials are confident that California will hit its targets, including its \u003ca href=\"https://opr.ca.gov/climate/carbon-neutrality.html\">goal of carbon neutrality by 2045.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said the state is in the midst of updating its climate programs and strengthening regulations, which, he said, “takes time” because they have to “translate into projects and action in the real world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is more important than ever to transition existing facilities and build clean energy infrastructure,” Clegern said. “This decade is critical for implementation of the state’s plans and policies.” He added, “As we have stated for more than 10 years, California’s climate plans will continue to adjust to what remains a developing threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gases are spewed by an array of sources, mostly from vehicles, industries and power plants that burn fossil fuels, but also from livestock, landfills and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, compiled by Beacon Economics and environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, analyzed state data and concluded that through 2030, California would have to cut all greenhouse gases by 4.4% every year, beginning back in 2022. (Only preliminary data is available for 2022.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put that challenge in perspective, the state has only achieved annual cuts of more than 4% twice over the last two decades, both during major recessions, in 2009 and 2020, according to Stephanie Leonard, director of research for Next 10. And from 2016 through 2021, the annual average reduction has been just 1.6%, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive amounts of emissions — more than 100 million metric tons a year — will have to be eliminated for California to meet the mandate. The state couldn’t spew more than about 258 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in 2030, compared to 2021’s 381 million, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liane Randolph, chair of the California Air Resources Board, told the state Legislature’s \u003ca href=\"https://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\">joint committee on climate change policies\u003c/a> on Monday that there is little room for error in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge is that we need all of our programs to be effective and reduce emissions as laid out in the scoping plan,” Randolph said. “We need each program to perform as well as or better than identified in the scoping plan in order to achieve our goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Power plants and cement are major emitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already made substantial progress in cleaning up cars and trucks. It has the world’s strictest emissions controls on vehicles, including a regulation that phases out new sales of gasoline-powered cars by 2035. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/02/california-electric-cars-industry-slowdown/\">electric vehicle sales were up 29%\u003c/a>, though they slowed at year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electricity generation was responsible for some of the biggest increases in emissions between 2020 and 2021, a 6.7% increase for imported electric power and 3.9% for in-state power, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1991836,news_1991828,news_11972105,news_11970742,news_11971382\"]That’s because California’s drought resulted in less hydroelectric power and more reliance on natural gas to avoid power shortages, according to Leonard. In 2020, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/california-2020-rolling-blackouts-explainer/\">faced its first non-wildfire rolling blackouts\u003c/a> in nearly two decades after record-breaking heat. Last year, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/08/southern-california-natural-gas-plants-remain-open/#:~:text=California%20officials%20agreed%20today%20to,grid%20and%20avoid%20rolling%20blackouts.\">extended operations at three natural gas plants\u003c/a> along the Southern California coast to shore up California’s straining power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas plants are the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/ghg_inventory_scopingplan_sum_2000-21.pdf\">largest source (PDF)\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases among California’s in-state producers of electricity. \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">California has a law mandating\u003c/a> zero-carbon, all-renewable electricity by 2045, but it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">a long way to go\u003c/a>: About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=CA#:~:text=California%20Quick%20Facts&text=In%202022%2C%20renewable%20resources%2C%20including,supplied%20almost%20all%20the%20rest.\">42% of power generated in the state\u003c/a> came from natural gas in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlighted cement facilities, saying California has some of the planet’s most polluting cement plants. As more housing is built and more cement is produced, the authors recommended “urgent action” to cut those emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s seven cement plants emit about \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/SB596%20Community%20Meeting%20Slides%20Final.pdf#page=11\">7.5 million metric tons of greenhouse gases per year (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the air board, which has a working group to decarbonize the industry. Some factories are turning to low-carbon fuels, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-cement-carbon-climate/\">including the burning of tires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon capture and storage technology may also be used at cement plants because they are so difficult to decarbonize. These facilities capture emissions from industrial plants and inject them underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s cement plants are an example of the challenge. Our cement is more carbon-intensive because we have older plants,” said Clegern of the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires were another large emitter of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Danny Cullenward, economist and vice chair, Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee\"]‘Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short …’[/pullquote]On an optimistic note, the report acknowledged that California has some of the lowest per-capita emissions in the U.S., and is the third-most carbon-efficient state, following New York and Massachusetts. However, many of the easiest and least costly steps have already been implemented. So, finding room for future reductions will be more challenging in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has shown that it is possible to grow the economy while lowering emissions,” the California Green Innovation Index said. “It will take more action, time and resources to further decarbonize the economy, but the last couple decades offer hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis is the most recent example of an outside entity warning that California’s climate goals face major hurdles. The state’s Legislative Analyst’s Office said last year that California \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4656\">lacked a “clear strategy” for meeting its 2030 \u003c/a>targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, last month, the state’s advisory committee for its controversial cap and trade market \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/02/2023-ANNUAL-REPORT-OF-THE-IEMAC-final.pdf\">noted (PDF)\u003c/a> that the state was not on track to meet 2030 targets. Cap and trade is the state’s market that allows companies to buy and trade credits for reducing greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short of what is required to meet the state’s next climate targets,” Danny Cullenward, an economist and vice chair of the Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately,” he said, “the state is not on track for its 2030 climate target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new analysis concludes that unless California almost triples its rate of cutting greenhouse gases, the state won’t meet its 2030 climate change target. Some emissions were rising.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710530077,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1465},"headData":{"title":"California Fails to Meet Climate Change Mandates and Greenhouse Emission Goals, Study Finds | KQED","description":"A new analysis concludes that unless California almost triples its rate of cutting greenhouse gases, the state won’t meet its 2030 climate change target. Some emissions were rising.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandro-lazo/\">Alejandro Lazo\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11979516/california-fails-to-meet-climate-change-mandates-and-greenhouse-emission-goals-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California will fail to meet its ambitious mandates for combating climate change unless it almost triples its rate of reducing greenhouse gases through 2030, according to a new analysis released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After dropping during the pandemic, California’s emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other climate-warming gases increased 3.4% in 2021, when the economy rebounded. The increase puts California further away from reaching its target mandated under state law: \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32\">emitting 40% less in 2030 than in 1990\u003c/a> — a feat that will become more expensive and more difficult as time passes, the report’s authors told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well,” said Stafford Nichols, a researcher at \u003ca href=\"https://beaconecon.com/\">Beacon Economics\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based economics research firm, and a co-author of the annual California Green Innovation Index released on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The fact that they need to increase the speed of reduction at about three times faster than they’re actually doing — that does not bode well.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Stafford Nichols, researcher, Beacon Economics","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“As we get closer to that 2030 goal, the fact that we’re further off just means that we have to decrease faster each year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is even further away from meeting a more aggressive goal set by the Air Resources Board in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/12/california-plan-climate-change/\">the state’s new climate blueprint\u003c/a>. Under that plan, greenhouse gases must be cut 48% below 1990 levels by 2030. Gov. Gavin Newsom had urged the board to adopt the more difficult goal, calling \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-sp.pdf\">the new scoping plan (PDF)\u003c/a> the “most ambitious set of climate goals of any jurisdiction in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Clegern, an air board spokesperson, said in an emailed statement to CalMatters that state officials are confident that California will hit its targets, including its \u003ca href=\"https://opr.ca.gov/climate/carbon-neutrality.html\">goal of carbon neutrality by 2045.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clegern said the state is in the midst of updating its climate programs and strengthening regulations, which, he said, “takes time” because they have to “translate into projects and action in the real world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is more important than ever to transition existing facilities and build clean energy infrastructure,” Clegern said. “This decade is critical for implementation of the state’s plans and policies.” He added, “As we have stated for more than 10 years, California’s climate plans will continue to adjust to what remains a developing threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gases are spewed by an array of sources, mostly from vehicles, industries and power plants that burn fossil fuels, but also from livestock, landfills and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, compiled by Beacon Economics and environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.next10.org/about\">Next 10\u003c/a>, analyzed state data and concluded that through 2030, California would have to cut all greenhouse gases by 4.4% every year, beginning back in 2022. (Only preliminary data is available for 2022.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put that challenge in perspective, the state has only achieved annual cuts of more than 4% twice over the last two decades, both during major recessions, in 2009 and 2020, according to Stephanie Leonard, director of research for Next 10. And from 2016 through 2021, the annual average reduction has been just 1.6%, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massive amounts of emissions — more than 100 million metric tons a year — will have to be eliminated for California to meet the mandate. The state couldn’t spew more than about 258 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in 2030, compared to 2021’s 381 million, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liane Randolph, chair of the California Air Resources Board, told the state Legislature’s \u003ca href=\"https://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\">joint committee on climate change policies\u003c/a> on Monday that there is little room for error in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge is that we need all of our programs to be effective and reduce emissions as laid out in the scoping plan,” Randolph said. “We need each program to perform as well as or better than identified in the scoping plan in order to achieve our goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Power plants and cement are major emitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already made substantial progress in cleaning up cars and trucks. It has the world’s strictest emissions controls on vehicles, including a regulation that phases out new sales of gasoline-powered cars by 2035. Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/02/california-electric-cars-industry-slowdown/\">electric vehicle sales were up 29%\u003c/a>, though they slowed at year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electricity generation was responsible for some of the biggest increases in emissions between 2020 and 2021, a 6.7% increase for imported electric power and 3.9% for in-state power, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1991836,news_1991828,news_11972105,news_11970742,news_11971382"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s because California’s drought resulted in less hydroelectric power and more reliance on natural gas to avoid power shortages, according to Leonard. In 2020, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/08/california-2020-rolling-blackouts-explainer/\">faced its first non-wildfire rolling blackouts\u003c/a> in nearly two decades after record-breaking heat. Last year, the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/08/southern-california-natural-gas-plants-remain-open/#:~:text=California%20officials%20agreed%20today%20to,grid%20and%20avoid%20rolling%20blackouts.\">extended operations at three natural gas plants\u003c/a> along the Southern California coast to shore up California’s straining power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas plants are the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/ghg_inventory_scopingplan_sum_2000-21.pdf\">largest source (PDF)\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases among California’s in-state producers of electricity. \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">California has a law mandating\u003c/a> zero-carbon, all-renewable electricity by 2045, but it has \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100\">a long way to go\u003c/a>: About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=CA#:~:text=California%20Quick%20Facts&text=In%202022%2C%20renewable%20resources%2C%20including,supplied%20almost%20all%20the%20rest.\">42% of power generated in the state\u003c/a> came from natural gas in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlighted cement facilities, saying California has some of the planet’s most polluting cement plants. As more housing is built and more cement is produced, the authors recommended “urgent action” to cut those emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s seven cement plants emit about \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/SB596%20Community%20Meeting%20Slides%20Final.pdf#page=11\">7.5 million metric tons of greenhouse gases per year (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to the air board, which has a working group to decarbonize the industry. Some factories are turning to low-carbon fuels, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/06/california-cement-carbon-climate/\">including the burning of tires\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon capture and storage technology may also be used at cement plants because they are so difficult to decarbonize. These facilities capture emissions from industrial plants and inject them underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s cement plants are an example of the challenge. Our cement is more carbon-intensive because we have older plants,” said Clegern of the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires were another large emitter of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short …’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Danny Cullenward, economist and vice chair, Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On an optimistic note, the report acknowledged that California has some of the lowest per-capita emissions in the U.S., and is the third-most carbon-efficient state, following New York and Massachusetts. However, many of the easiest and least costly steps have already been implemented. So, finding room for future reductions will be more challenging in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has shown that it is possible to grow the economy while lowering emissions,” the California Green Innovation Index said. “It will take more action, time and resources to further decarbonize the economy, but the last couple decades offer hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis is the most recent example of an outside entity warning that California’s climate goals face major hurdles. The state’s Legislative Analyst’s Office said last year that California \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4656\">lacked a “clear strategy” for meeting its 2030 \u003c/a>targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, last month, the state’s advisory committee for its controversial cap and trade market \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/02/2023-ANNUAL-REPORT-OF-THE-IEMAC-final.pdf\">noted (PDF)\u003c/a> that the state was not on track to meet 2030 targets. Cap and trade is the state’s market that allows companies to buy and trade credits for reducing greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too often the fact of California’s historical accomplishments is cited as evidence that state policy is on track, when often the pace of change going forward falls well short of what is required to meet the state’s next climate targets,” Danny Cullenward, an economist and vice chair of the Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately,” he said, “the state is not on track for its 2030 climate target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11979516/california-fails-to-meet-climate-change-mandates-and-greenhouse-emission-goals-study-finds","authors":["byline_news_11979516"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_255","news_6402","news_17996","news_3187"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11979518","label":"news_18481"},"news_11978670":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11978670","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11978670","score":null,"sort":[1709935214000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sausalitos-last-anchor-out-floating-home-removed-from-richardson-bay","title":"Sausalito's Last Floating Anchored Homes Removed From Richardson Bay","publishDate":1709935214,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Sausalito’s Last Floating Anchored Homes Removed From Richardson Bay | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>The last floating home in Marin County’s ecologically fragile Richardson Bay has been removed following a state mandate to protect area eelgrass that is a vital part of the water’s ecosystem, a spokesperson for the Richardson Bay Regional Agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The removal is also a coda to what had been a controversial floating subculture of boaters living on the waters off Sausalito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission entered into an agreement with the Richardson Bay Regional Agency, ordering that all illegally anchored vessels and floating homes be removed from the Bay by Oct. 15, 2026. The arrangement was also largely driven by the need to protect the vulnerable eelgrass ecosystem in the area.[aside postID=news_11739421 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36515_DSC_2298-qut-1020x676.jpg']Brad Gross, the executive director of Richardson Bay Regional Agency, stressed to KQED that there are still boats out in the bay, but the last floating home, which he said is a different designation from a recreational or commercial boat, was identified as one of four vessels for removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A boat is a boat that you can transport yourself on the water for recreation or commerce, whereas a floating home is like those houses that are strictly for living that you see off in Sausalito,” Gross said. “These floating homes were out anchored independently in Richardson Bay. That’s what has been removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the decision to remove the array of floating homes manned by people termed “anchor-outs,” who have lived rent-free on the water in a subculture that romantics might call aquatic-bohemian, but others describe as an eyesore, resulted in at least one lawsuit and accusations that the county and RBRA were throwing people off the Bay and onto the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local agencies raised nearly $6 million to facilitate housing transitions and restore the Bay’s eelgrass. Last year, the county housing authority approved vouchers for those living on boats, who would otherwise face homelessness, to relocate to land-based residences. Many boat residents were moored illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March, Gross estimated about 32 boats left in the anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such anchor out was Daniel Knight, who won a preliminary injunction against the RBRA last year when it tried to remove his vessel first through offering a voucher — he said the amount would be far less than the boat’s worth — and then tried to remove his boat by calling it “marine debris.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Knight’s attorneys, he eventually settled the case for an undisclosed amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact the boats and vessels had on the eelgrass in the area, however, was indeed significant.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Richardson Bay Regional Agency\"]‘[Eelgrass] supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.’[/pullquote]“Eelgrass is a critical component of a healthy and vibrant Richardson Bay,” said a statement released Thursday by the RBRA. “It supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of migratory birds also rely on the eelgrass for feeding and resting along the Pacific Flyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RBRA officials said that when anchors, chains and other ground tackle from vessels scrape the bottom of the Bay, they act as a “lawn mower” for any living plants and create areas where eelgrass cannot grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An area “four times the size of Alcatraz” now exists where the grass has been destroyed, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the housing vouchers, 16 vessels were removed with the help of a buyback program funded by the RBRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the agreement with the state, a small number of vessels will be allowed to remain anchored if they are deemed “seaworthy,” at least through October 2026. After that, all boats and vessels will be allowed only 72-hour anchorage, according to BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/opalma\"> KQED’s Oscar Palma\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"State and regional environmental regulators agreed several years ago to clear all illegally anchored vessels and floating homes in the bay, primarily to protect the eelgrass that is vital to its ecologically fragile ecosystem.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709942338,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":697},"headData":{"title":"Sausalito's Last Floating Anchored Homes Removed From Richardson Bay | KQED","description":"State and regional environmental regulators agreed several years ago to clear all illegally anchored vessels and floating homes in the bay, primarily to protect the eelgrass that is vital to its ecologically fragile ecosystem.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BouncerSF\">Katy St. Clair\u003c/a> \u003cbr> Bay City News","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11978670/sausalitos-last-anchor-out-floating-home-removed-from-richardson-bay","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The last floating home in Marin County’s ecologically fragile Richardson Bay has been removed following a state mandate to protect area eelgrass that is a vital part of the water’s ecosystem, a spokesperson for the Richardson Bay Regional Agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The removal is also a coda to what had been a controversial floating subculture of boaters living on the waters off Sausalito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission entered into an agreement with the Richardson Bay Regional Agency, ordering that all illegally anchored vessels and floating homes be removed from the Bay by Oct. 15, 2026. The arrangement was also largely driven by the need to protect the vulnerable eelgrass ecosystem in the area.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11739421","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/RS36515_DSC_2298-qut-1020x676.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Brad Gross, the executive director of Richardson Bay Regional Agency, stressed to KQED that there are still boats out in the bay, but the last floating home, which he said is a different designation from a recreational or commercial boat, was identified as one of four vessels for removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A boat is a boat that you can transport yourself on the water for recreation or commerce, whereas a floating home is like those houses that are strictly for living that you see off in Sausalito,” Gross said. “These floating homes were out anchored independently in Richardson Bay. That’s what has been removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the decision to remove the array of floating homes manned by people termed “anchor-outs,” who have lived rent-free on the water in a subculture that romantics might call aquatic-bohemian, but others describe as an eyesore, resulted in at least one lawsuit and accusations that the county and RBRA were throwing people off the Bay and onto the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local agencies raised nearly $6 million to facilitate housing transitions and restore the Bay’s eelgrass. Last year, the county housing authority approved vouchers for those living on boats, who would otherwise face homelessness, to relocate to land-based residences. Many boat residents were moored illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of March, Gross estimated about 32 boats left in the anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such anchor out was Daniel Knight, who won a preliminary injunction against the RBRA last year when it tried to remove his vessel first through offering a voucher — he said the amount would be far less than the boat’s worth — and then tried to remove his boat by calling it “marine debris.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Knight’s attorneys, he eventually settled the case for an undisclosed amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact the boats and vessels had on the eelgrass in the area, however, was indeed significant.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘[Eelgrass] supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Richardson Bay Regional Agency","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Eelgrass is a critical component of a healthy and vibrant Richardson Bay,” said a statement released Thursday by the RBRA. “It supports herring runs, reduces erosion, sequesters carbon and is a crucial ecological resource for harbor porpoises and sea lions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of migratory birds also rely on the eelgrass for feeding and resting along the Pacific Flyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RBRA officials said that when anchors, chains and other ground tackle from vessels scrape the bottom of the Bay, they act as a “lawn mower” for any living plants and create areas where eelgrass cannot grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An area “four times the size of Alcatraz” now exists where the grass has been destroyed, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the housing vouchers, 16 vessels were removed with the help of a buyback program funded by the RBRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the agreement with the state, a small number of vessels will be allowed to remain anchored if they are deemed “seaworthy,” at least through October 2026. After that, all boats and vessels will be allowed only 72-hour anchorage, according to BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/opalma\"> KQED’s Oscar Palma\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11978670/sausalitos-last-anchor-out-floating-home-removed-from-richardson-bay","authors":["byline_news_11978670"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_255","news_20023","news_1775","news_3729","news_30111","news_1861","news_655"],"featImg":"news_11978681","label":"news"},"news_11978157":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11978157","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11978157","score":null,"sort":[1709755234000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"spacex-rocket-launched-new-satellite-that-tracks-climate-warming-pollution","title":"SpaceX Rocket Launched New Satellite That Tracks Climate-Warming Pollution","publishDate":1709755234,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SpaceX Rocket Launched New Satellite That Tracks Climate-Warming Pollution | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Not far from the Pacific Ocean, where just to the south, \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.com/2022/01/19/so-long-offshore-platforms/\">oil platforms\u003c/a> dot the horizon, a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket blasted into space Monday with dozens of satellites on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four miles away from the launch site, a crowd including scientists, engineers and their families erupted into celebration. They were applauding largely for one satellite on board: \u003ca href=\"https://www.methanesat.org/\">MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, which is built to detect methane. That’s a gas that, in the short term, packs an even bigger planet-warming punch than carbon dioxide.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Steven Hamburg, chief scientist, Environmental Defense Fund\"]‘For the first time [we’ll] have high-quality empirical data for an entire sector across the globe.’[/pullquote]MethaneSAT — led by the Environmental Defense Fund — will focus on spotting methane from the oil and gas industry, which leaks at various parts of the fossil fuel production process. Sometimes, oil companies deliberately burn methane gas if they can’t pipe it somewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing methane pollution can help the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213207121/this-is-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-controlling-planet-warming-pollution#:~:text=Under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement%2C%20nations,re%20currently%20on%20track%20to.\">world meet its climate targets,\u003c/a> but for years, researchers had little understanding of where exactly methane leaks were coming from. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-mission-excels-at-spotting-greenhouse-gas-emission-sources\">Recent projects have helped\u003c/a> give a clearer picture. Still, the data hasn’t always been public or precise — especially from oil fields, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/people/steven-hamburg\">Steven Hamburg\u003c/a>, chief scientist for the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) who led the MethaneSAT project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of MethaneSAT is to have a granular picture of where exactly methane comes from in oil and gas operations around the globe, in places like Texas, Russia and Nigeria. “For the first time [we’ll] have high-quality empirical data for an entire sector across the globe,” Hamburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry has historically had a culture of confidentiality, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/antoine-halff/\">Antoine Halff\u003c/a>, chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “They like to keep their data private,” he says. “There’s, I think, a cultural discomfort with the transparency provided by independent monitoring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this satellite is fully operational in the coming months, it will provide data that will be free to the public. That will allow governments, researchers and others to have an unbiased view from space of most oil and gas operations, says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/adam-brandt\">Adam Brandt\u003c/a>, a professor in the Department of Energy Science and Engineering at Stanford University who was not involved with the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beauty of having MethaneSAT,” Brandt says, is “we don’t have to ask [oil companies] permission nicely to go on site and make measurements, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The decision to look at oil and gas pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/44216/eye_on_methane_summary.pdf?sequence=3\">About 30% of global warming\u003c/a> comes from human-caused methane pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/people/mark-brownstein\">Mark Brownstein\u003c/a>, a senior vice president at EDF, says the question for a long time was how much methane comes from the oil and gas sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other sectors also create methane pollution. Agriculture — specifically gas-belching cows and gas-emitting manure — \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">is the single biggest source of methane in the U.S\u003c/a>., according to data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).[aside label='More on Climate Change' tag='climate-change']But focusing on the oil and gas sector was strategic, Hamburg says. Oil and gas have a concentrated number of players with bigger budgets to clean up their operations. “The ability to remediate is much greater, and it’s cost-effective,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past six years, EDF put together a team — including scientists from Harvard University and other groups — to build a satellite to get a better picture of the oil industry. The satellite has sensors specifically designed to pick up the fingerprint of the methane molecule. The sensors now orbiting in space will then send data back to Earth in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that regulators will use this data, Hamburg says. “There’s interest. There’s conversations, not just with the U.S. EPA, but in other governments and other regulators,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\">the EPA made a new rule that, for the first time,\u003c/a> requires oil and gas operators to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-operations/epas-final-rule-oil-and-natural-gas\">monitor, detect and fix methane leaks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the EPA says in an emailed statement that the EPA’s new rule “has a mechanism for third-party notifiers using approved remote sensing technologies to be certified — enabling them to notify EPA of methane super-emitter events.” Super-emitter events happen when large amounts of methane are released. “EDF, along with other owners of remote sensing technologies, may apply to be certified,” the EPA says.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Aaron Padilla, vice president of corporate policy, American Petroleum Institute\"]‘Our industry’s experience shows that one really needs to use a range of technologies working together across their strengths and weaknesses in order to get a truly accurate picture of where you have methane emissions.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://www.api.org/about/aaron-padilla\">Aaron Padilla\u003c/a>, vice president of corporate policy at the American Petroleum Institute, the country’s largest oil and gas lobby, says his industry has many years of experience using its own satellites and technologies to identify and then reduce methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our industry’s experience shows that one really needs to use a range of technologies working together across their strengths and weaknesses in order to get a truly accurate picture of where you have methane emissions,” Padilla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Hamburg says he hopes that data from the MethaneSAT will move more oil and gas companies to clean up methane pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an industry that recognizes that their reputation, their markets are under threat,” Hamburg says. “So, if you’re going to compete in a world in which the demand is going down, you want to prove that you’re a better actor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A satellite with a climate solutions mission blasted off on a SpaceX rocket Monday. It's on a mission to detect planet-heating methane pollution from the oil and gas sector.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709678994,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":985},"headData":{"title":"SpaceX Rocket Launched New Satellite That Tracks Climate-Warming Pollution | KQED","description":"A satellite with a climate solutions mission blasted off on a SpaceX rocket Monday. It's on a mission to detect planet-heating methane pollution from the oil and gas sector.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Julia Simon","nprImageAgency":"Courtesy SpaceX","nprStoryId":"1235694992","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1235694992&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/05/1235694992/a-new-satellite-will-track-climate-warming-pollution-heres-why-thats-a-big-deal?ft=nprml&f=1235694992","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 05 Mar 2024 14:29:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 05 Mar 2024 06:00:37 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 05 Mar 2024 14:29:36 -0500","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2024/03/20240305_me_methane_satellite.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=213&story=1235694992&ft=nprml&f=1235694992","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11236012662-dbd7d3.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=213&story=1235694992&ft=nprml&f=1235694992","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11978157/spacex-rocket-launched-new-satellite-that-tracks-climate-warming-pollution","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2024/03/20240305_me_methane_satellite.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=213&story=1235694992&ft=nprml&f=1235694992","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Not far from the Pacific Ocean, where just to the south, \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.com/2022/01/19/so-long-offshore-platforms/\">oil platforms\u003c/a> dot the horizon, a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket blasted into space Monday with dozens of satellites on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four miles away from the launch site, a crowd including scientists, engineers and their families erupted into celebration. They were applauding largely for one satellite on board: \u003ca href=\"https://www.methanesat.org/\">MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, which is built to detect methane. That’s a gas that, in the short term, packs an even bigger planet-warming punch than carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘For the first time [we’ll] have high-quality empirical data for an entire sector across the globe.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Steven Hamburg, chief scientist, Environmental Defense Fund","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>MethaneSAT — led by the Environmental Defense Fund — will focus on spotting methane from the oil and gas industry, which leaks at various parts of the fossil fuel production process. Sometimes, oil companies deliberately burn methane gas if they can’t pipe it somewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing methane pollution can help the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1213207121/this-is-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-controlling-planet-warming-pollution#:~:text=Under%20the%20Paris%20Agreement%2C%20nations,re%20currently%20on%20track%20to.\">world meet its climate targets,\u003c/a> but for years, researchers had little understanding of where exactly methane leaks were coming from. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-mission-excels-at-spotting-greenhouse-gas-emission-sources\">Recent projects have helped\u003c/a> give a clearer picture. Still, the data hasn’t always been public or precise — especially from oil fields, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/people/steven-hamburg\">Steven Hamburg\u003c/a>, chief scientist for the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) who led the MethaneSAT project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of MethaneSAT is to have a granular picture of where exactly methane comes from in oil and gas operations around the globe, in places like Texas, Russia and Nigeria. “For the first time [we’ll] have high-quality empirical data for an entire sector across the globe,” Hamburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry has historically had a culture of confidentiality, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/antoine-halff/\">Antoine Halff\u003c/a>, chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “They like to keep their data private,” he says. “There’s, I think, a cultural discomfort with the transparency provided by independent monitoring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this satellite is fully operational in the coming months, it will provide data that will be free to the public. That will allow governments, researchers and others to have an unbiased view from space of most oil and gas operations, says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/adam-brandt\">Adam Brandt\u003c/a>, a professor in the Department of Energy Science and Engineering at Stanford University who was not involved with the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beauty of having MethaneSAT,” Brandt says, is “we don’t have to ask [oil companies] permission nicely to go on site and make measurements, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The decision to look at oil and gas pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/44216/eye_on_methane_summary.pdf?sequence=3\">About 30% of global warming\u003c/a> comes from human-caused methane pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/people/mark-brownstein\">Mark Brownstein\u003c/a>, a senior vice president at EDF, says the question for a long time was how much methane comes from the oil and gas sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other sectors also create methane pollution. Agriculture — specifically gas-belching cows and gas-emitting manure — \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">is the single biggest source of methane in the U.S\u003c/a>., according to data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Climate Change ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But focusing on the oil and gas sector was strategic, Hamburg says. Oil and gas have a concentrated number of players with bigger budgets to clean up their operations. “The ability to remediate is much greater, and it’s cost-effective,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past six years, EDF put together a team — including scientists from Harvard University and other groups — to build a satellite to get a better picture of the oil industry. The satellite has sensors specifically designed to pick up the fingerprint of the methane molecule. The sensors now orbiting in space will then send data back to Earth in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that regulators will use this data, Hamburg says. “There’s interest. There’s conversations, not just with the U.S. EPA, but in other governments and other regulators,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\">the EPA made a new rule that, for the first time,\u003c/a> requires oil and gas operators to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-operations/epas-final-rule-oil-and-natural-gas\">monitor, detect and fix methane leaks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the EPA says in an emailed statement that the EPA’s new rule “has a mechanism for third-party notifiers using approved remote sensing technologies to be certified — enabling them to notify EPA of methane super-emitter events.” Super-emitter events happen when large amounts of methane are released. “EDF, along with other owners of remote sensing technologies, may apply to be certified,” the EPA says.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Our industry’s experience shows that one really needs to use a range of technologies working together across their strengths and weaknesses in order to get a truly accurate picture of where you have methane emissions.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Aaron Padilla, vice president of corporate policy, American Petroleum Institute","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.api.org/about/aaron-padilla\">Aaron Padilla\u003c/a>, vice president of corporate policy at the American Petroleum Institute, the country’s largest oil and gas lobby, says his industry has many years of experience using its own satellites and technologies to identify and then reduce methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our industry’s experience shows that one really needs to use a range of technologies working together across their strengths and weaknesses in order to get a truly accurate picture of where you have methane emissions,” Padilla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Hamburg says he hopes that data from the MethaneSAT will move more oil and gas companies to clean up methane pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an industry that recognizes that their reputation, their markets are under threat,” Hamburg says. “So, if you’re going to compete in a world in which the demand is going down, you want to prove that you’re a better actor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11978157/spacex-rocket-launched-new-satellite-that-tracks-climate-warming-pollution","authors":["byline_news_11978157"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_19204","news_255","news_31830","news_27626","news_2920","news_3187"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11978158","label":"news_253"},"news_11976710":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11976710","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11976710","score":null,"sort":[1708632024000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"waiting-and-sweltering-why-are-californias-indoor-heat-protections-for-workers-5-years-late","title":"Why It's Taken 5 Years for California Workers to Get Indoor Heat Protection","publishDate":1708632024,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why It’s Taken 5 Years for California Workers to Get Indoor Heat Protection | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>After sorting and loading packages through a 100-plus-degree heat wave at an Inland Empire Amazon air freight hub last July, workers and their advocates called California’s workplace safety agency to complain of unsafe conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors came out, and in a citation issued in January and announced this week, agreed with the workers: The online retail giant hadn’t done enough to address the heat for those working outside on the tarmac and had committed “serious” safety violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But workers didn’t get all the accountability they wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA dismissed nearly half their complaints — the ones alleging hot working conditions inside the warehouses. One possible reason: While California requires employers to reduce the risks of heat illness for outdoor workers, a comparable rule still isn’t on the books for indoor workers. And though state lawmakers ordered one in 2016 and set a 2019 deadline, it won’t be until next month when the state is finally expected to adopt a rule to go into effect by the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Shane Gusman, lobbyist who represented the Teamsters and other unions during discussions\"]‘There’s a lot of push and pull between the employers’ and the workers’ side on this. It’s just something at this point in time we need to get in place. Summer’s coming.’[/pullquote]Excessive heat can cause nausea, vomiting, fainting, and, in the most extreme cases, heat stroke, leading to organ damage or death. In California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA1386-1.html\">seven workers died\u003c/a> from indoor heat from 2010 through 2017. In recent years, summer temperatures \u003ca href=\"https://ktla.com/news/local-news/these-southern-california-temperatures-are-now-the-highest-ever-recorded/\">across southern California\u003c/a> have broken historical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon disputed the citation and said it is appealing. It said that its San Bernardino air hub is air-conditioned, workers are encouraged to take breaks, and the company generally supports an indoor heat standard. It declined to comment on the state’s proposed rule. “We’ve seen the positive impacts of an effective heat mitigation program and believe all employers should be held to the same standard as we have proactively set,” company spokesperson Maureen Lynch Vogel wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why a state rule has taken so long — even with lives at stake — is to take a journey through the byzantine world of administrative rulemaking in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CalMatters review found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The 2016 law gave \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/\">Cal/OSHA\u003c/a> the option to adopt an indoor heat rule targeted at certain industries, but the agency wrote a broad one, prompting immediate pushback from a wide swath of employers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Cal/OSHA advisory committee took employer and worker input and drafted a rule by the 2019 deadline, but it had to be submitted to a little-known state workplace safety board for approval;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the pandemic, that safety board, part of the understaffed Department of Industrial Relations, was focused on emergency COVID-19 prevention rules;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Before any vote could happen, the rule triggered a requirement in state law for an economic impact study;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The state hired two different contractors to complete the economic assessment and didn’t submit the final study until September 2021;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After another year-plus of “detailed consultation” with other agencies, the safety board started its own rulemaking process in March 2023. Still, there have been four public comment periods since — more than most other recent regulations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/oshsb.html\">Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board\u003c/a> is expected to give final approval to the rule at its March 21 meeting, making California the third state with indoor heat protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval would come at the last possible minute:\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>If there are further amendments and the vote doesn’t happen in March, the workplace safety board’s formal rulemaking process — which can take as long as a year — would have to start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of push and pull between the employers’ and the workers’ side on this,” said Shane Gusman, a lobbyist who represented the Teamsters and other unions during the discussions. “It’s just something at this point in time we need to get in place. Summer’s coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s in the indoor heat rule\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The rule would require employers statewide to provide cooling areas and monitor workers who take cooling breaks for signs of heat illness when indoor workplaces hit 82 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the temperature hits 87, or if workers wear restrictive clothing or work near a heat source, businesses would have to take further steps: First, to cool the worksite, if feasible. If not, employers must adjust work schedules, slow production, allow more breaks or rotate workers through assignments. They’d have to provide personal fans or cooling vests as a last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industries expected to be most affected include warehouses, manufacturing and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sara Fee, former Amazon air hub employee\"]‘The humidity inside the building was unbearable. You felt heavy in your chest like it was hard to breathe.’[/pullquote]Neither advocates for workers nor employers are satisfied with the proposed rule. Workers want to require lower temperatures. Employers said the rule is too complicated, conflicts with the outdoor heat rule and is too broad to apply to vastly different indoor workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hard part about this regulation for California employers has been trying to find language that works equally well for an office building, a restaurant kitchen and a storage shed,” said Rob Moutrie, policy advocate for the California Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers’ advocates said their top priority now is to get a rule on the books without further delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the indoor rule, workers complaining of heat at the Amazon warehouse last summer asked Cal/OSHA to inspect inside under a general rule requiring safe workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The humidity inside the building was unbearable,” said former air hub employee Sara Fee, who helped file the complaint along with the San Bernardino-based Warehouse Worker Resource Center, where she now works. “You felt heavy in your chest like it was hard to breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauling packages in and out of truck trailers was the hottest task. The metal containers sitting in the sun easily climbed above 100 degrees, Fee said, and even with air conditioners in the warehouse and fans near the trucks, the trailers “feel like a sauna” with workers in “constant motion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976716\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976716\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"An older white woman with a plaid shirt on a black tshirt and a black truckers hat with a map behind her and looking at the camera with a slight smile. \" width=\"1568\" height=\"1046\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inland Empire Amazon Workers United founder Sara Fee in front of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center in Ontario on Feb 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Elisa Ferrari for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The heat that comes from the trailer almost knocks you over,” Fee said. “We had fans you could turn around and face into the trailers, but you might as well be standing there with a straw in your mouth blowing air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency found no evidence of safety violations indoors, according to the citation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon is appealing the outdoor citations and disputed claims about hot working conditions both inside and outside the 660,000-square-foot KSBD facility at San Bernardino International Airport, where about 1,400 workers carry cargo off arriving planes, sort them with the help of large robots and load them onto truck trailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Lynch Vogel, spokesperson, Amazon\"]‘There’s simply no truth to claims that KSBD workers are working in extreme temperatures indoors.’[/pullquote]Amazon spokesperson Lynch Vogel said the facility is fully air-conditioned — unlike many others in the distribution industry — and never hotter than 78 degrees inside. “There’s simply no truth to claims that KSBD workers are working in extreme temperatures indoors,” she wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tim Shadix, legal director of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center, said he suspects the lack of an indoor heat rule made it more difficult to issue violations inside the warehouse. The prior summer, workers wearing thermometers inside the warehouse and truck trailers reported temperatures of between 75 and 96 degrees and between 80 and 121 on the tarmac — \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-09-21/amazon-heat-wave-california-work\">a report that\u003c/a> Amazon also disputed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a clear standard would give more clear indication to employers to take more proactive steps, and if there’s still a need for citations, having explicit standards that are required to be followed will make that process a clearer path for Cal/OSHA,” Shadix said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A long, hot history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Though recent heat waves have made the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/07/workplace-injuries-rising-temperatures/\">risks of hot workplaces\u003c/a> top-of-mind for policymakers, workers have been pushing for protections for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers in factories and even libraries in Southern California were petitioning the state for a general heat standard — indoors and outdoors — as early as the 1980s, said Kevin Riley, director of the Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The library branches didn’t have air conditioning yet, and (librarians) got sick in the stacks,” he said. “Then in the subsequent decade or two, a lot of those spaces became air-conditioned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, the heat-related deaths of four farmworkers prompted California to adopt an outdoor heat illness prevention rule, which requires shade and water when the temperature hits 80 degrees and, for farming and construction work, additional breaks and monitoring when it hits 95. It was the first such rule in the nation; a 2021 study \u003ca href=\"https://docs.iza.org/dp14560.pdf\">suggested it has helped (PDF)\u003c/a> to decrease workplace injuries on hot days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other workers, such as those in the newly booming warehouses of the High Desert and Inland Empire, took up the cause of an indoor heat rule. In 2011, a union representing workers at a Lancaster warehouse secured heat protections in its contract with Rite Aid, but union president Luisa Gratz said as the climate gets hotter, workers need stronger protections in state law, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976719\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers load packages into electric trucks at an Amazon facility in Poway on Nov. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/REUTERS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Teamsters secured a contract with UPS that averted a nationwide strike and that, besides higher pay, included air conditioning in delivery trucks for drivers and additional fans, ice machines and water fountains in buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA1386-1.html\">20 workers died\u003c/a> from heat illness between 2010 and 2017, seven of them because of indoor heat, according to the Rand Corp., which analyzed the state’s proposed indoor heat rules. Workers compensation data analyzed by Cal/OSHA show between 2010 and 2018 — the hottest decade on record — an average of 185 workers a year claimed injuries from indoor heat, a figure that was rising, and nearly 20% of all workplace heat injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency only recently began separately counting safety complaints that mention indoor heat; it received 194 such complaints in 2022 and 549 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those most likely to experience injuries are younger and male, a likely indication of who is working in industries with the most heat exposure, said Amy Heinzerling, chief of the Emerging Workplace Hazards Unit at the California Department of Public Health. Nearly 10% were injured within the first two weeks on the job, Heinzerling found in another study, highlighting the importance of “gradually increasing worker exposure to hot conditions and really keeping a close eye on them for signs of heat illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, former state Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/connie-leyva-1967/\">Connie Leyva\u003c/a>, a labor-friendly Democrat from the Inland Empire, introduced the bill for Cal/OSHA to develop an indoor heat rule. It was a direct response to reports of workers falling ill from heat in warehouses concentrated in her district, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She initially wanted the rule to take effect in 2017 and said in a recent interview she “had no idea that it would take this long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did expect it to happen right away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Delays in rulemaking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Cal/OSHA’s indoor heat advisory committee began meeting to draft the rule in February 2017, a wide range of employers pushed back immediately, some questioning the need for an indoor rule at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee met over the next two years, going back and forth on the temperature and whether to consider other factors, such as workers’ activity level and humidity levels in the workplace. Worker advocates wanted an across-the-board 80-degree threshold, while some employers called for stricter protections to kick in only at 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the agency had a draft proposal ready for the workplace safety board to kick off formal rulemaking — a process that can be as short as a few months and as long as one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the delays really began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the rule would have at least $50 million in economic impact, a 2011 state law required a study to be submitted to the Department of Finance. The requirement has irked labor advocates, who argue workplace regulations are already subject to vetting. The Cal/OSHA advisory committee on indoor heat met three times and revised a draft rule seven times before submitting it to the safety board, which also takes comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11956922,news_11969338,news_11886628\"]Leyva, backed by the California Labor Federation, tried in 2017 and 2021 to exempt Cal/OSHA from conducting economic impact studies, saying they slow down regulations that are needed for workers’ safety. Both times, the bill cleared the Senate and then died. Leyva blamed business interests that were hostile to new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the people who were always talking about streamlining things and saying, ‘There’s too much regulation, there’s too many hoops to jump through,’” she said, “We propose a bill that’s going to streamline it, and all of a sudden, ‘Oh, no, we can’t do that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2020, the Department of Industrial Relations, which houses Cal/OSHA and the occupational safety board, submitted a draft study to the Department of Finance. While that study was underway, the department put out a second contract. It submitted a final study a year and a half later, using the new contractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither department explained why two contractors were needed. The final economic impact study conducted by the Rand Corp. estimated that the proposed rule would cost employers statewide $215 million in the first year and about $88 million annually afterward, mostly for employers to install AC or fans or provide cool-down areas. The analysis also predicted the rule would cut indoor workplace heat injuries by 40% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another year passed. Asked for an explanation for the delay, the Department of Industrial Relations said only that it was talking to other agencies, including the governor’s office, between late 2021 and early 2023. The department responded in a statement Wednesday after weeks of inquiries. It declined to make a representative of the safety board available for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a complex rulemaking that required detailed consultation with subject matter experts at various points, which led to further edits and refinements to the documents,” a department spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2022, then-Assembly Labor chairperson \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/ash-kalra-1972/\">Ash Kalra\u003c/a>, a San José Democrat, asked an embattled and understaffed Cal/OSHA about why the rule was taking so long. Director Jeff Killip, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.cal-osha.com/flash-report/dosh-chief-resigns/\">left his post in January\u003c/a>, replied that the pandemic had “diverted our focus,” and the standards board would soon be ready to begin formal rulemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board, which the governor appoints, kicked off that process in March 2023. Its vote of approval, along with the Department of Finance’s approval of the economic impact document, is among the last steps that are still needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Tim Shadix, legal director, Warehouse Worker Resource Center\"]‘The clock was ticking on the deadline, and of course, the clock is ticking every day for workers in terms of exposure to heat illness. We would like to see it in place for the summer.’[/pullquote]During a public hearing last May, workers pleaded with the board to adopt the rule without further delay. But for the past year, the rule has undergone three more revisions requiring a new public comment period each time, the last of which ended in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, employers have pushed to exempt businesses where workers are only briefly inside a truck, trailer or storage shed. Business groups such as the California Farm Bureau remain upset that the latest exemption doesn’t apply if it’s hotter than 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The temperature in those spaces is going to exceed 95 degrees for much of the year,” said the bureau’s director of labor affairs, Bryan Little. “It’s just not going to be very useful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of revisions is unusual compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/apprvd.html\">dozens of other\u003c/a> workplace safety rules approved since 2017. Of those, which ranged from regulations narrowly targeted at a single industry to a wider COVID-19 prevention standard, only one other rule — on protective equipment for firefighters — has undergone as many board revisions as indoor heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers’ groups are concerned about how the rule will be enforced, with Cal/OSHA currently without a director and suffering vacancy rates of one-third, and the rule only allowing workers’ representatives into unionized worksites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Shadix of the warehouse workers’ center said he just wants to see a rule adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The clock was ticking on the deadline, and of course, the clock is ticking every day for workers in terms of exposure to heat illness,” he said. “We would like to see it in place for the summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In March, the state is finally set to approve rules to protect workers from excessive heat indoors. Officials busted a 2019 deadline — a delay that demonstrates California's byzantine rulemaking process.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708647695,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":60,"wordCount":3007},"headData":{"title":"Why It's Taken 5 Years for California Workers to Get Indoor Heat Protection | KQED","description":"In March, the state is finally set to approve rules to protect workers from excessive heat indoors. Officials busted a 2019 deadline — a delay that demonstrates California's byzantine rulemaking process.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeanne-kuang/\">Jeanne Kuang\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11976710/waiting-and-sweltering-why-are-californias-indoor-heat-protections-for-workers-5-years-late","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After sorting and loading packages through a 100-plus-degree heat wave at an Inland Empire Amazon air freight hub last July, workers and their advocates called California’s workplace safety agency to complain of unsafe conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors came out, and in a citation issued in January and announced this week, agreed with the workers: The online retail giant hadn’t done enough to address the heat for those working outside on the tarmac and had committed “serious” safety violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But workers didn’t get all the accountability they wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA dismissed nearly half their complaints — the ones alleging hot working conditions inside the warehouses. One possible reason: While California requires employers to reduce the risks of heat illness for outdoor workers, a comparable rule still isn’t on the books for indoor workers. And though state lawmakers ordered one in 2016 and set a 2019 deadline, it won’t be until next month when the state is finally expected to adopt a rule to go into effect by the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘There’s a lot of push and pull between the employers’ and the workers’ side on this. It’s just something at this point in time we need to get in place. Summer’s coming.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Shane Gusman, lobbyist who represented the Teamsters and other unions during discussions","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Excessive heat can cause nausea, vomiting, fainting, and, in the most extreme cases, heat stroke, leading to organ damage or death. In California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA1386-1.html\">seven workers died\u003c/a> from indoor heat from 2010 through 2017. In recent years, summer temperatures \u003ca href=\"https://ktla.com/news/local-news/these-southern-california-temperatures-are-now-the-highest-ever-recorded/\">across southern California\u003c/a> have broken historical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon disputed the citation and said it is appealing. It said that its San Bernardino air hub is air-conditioned, workers are encouraged to take breaks, and the company generally supports an indoor heat standard. It declined to comment on the state’s proposed rule. “We’ve seen the positive impacts of an effective heat mitigation program and believe all employers should be held to the same standard as we have proactively set,” company spokesperson Maureen Lynch Vogel wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why a state rule has taken so long — even with lives at stake — is to take a journey through the byzantine world of administrative rulemaking in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CalMatters review found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The 2016 law gave \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/\">Cal/OSHA\u003c/a> the option to adopt an indoor heat rule targeted at certain industries, but the agency wrote a broad one, prompting immediate pushback from a wide swath of employers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Cal/OSHA advisory committee took employer and worker input and drafted a rule by the 2019 deadline, but it had to be submitted to a little-known state workplace safety board for approval;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the pandemic, that safety board, part of the understaffed Department of Industrial Relations, was focused on emergency COVID-19 prevention rules;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Before any vote could happen, the rule triggered a requirement in state law for an economic impact study;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The state hired two different contractors to complete the economic assessment and didn’t submit the final study until September 2021;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>After another year-plus of “detailed consultation” with other agencies, the safety board started its own rulemaking process in March 2023. Still, there have been four public comment periods since — more than most other recent regulations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/oshsb.html\">Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board\u003c/a> is expected to give final approval to the rule at its March 21 meeting, making California the third state with indoor heat protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval would come at the last possible minute:\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>If there are further amendments and the vote doesn’t happen in March, the workplace safety board’s formal rulemaking process — which can take as long as a year — would have to start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of push and pull between the employers’ and the workers’ side on this,” said Shane Gusman, a lobbyist who represented the Teamsters and other unions during the discussions. “It’s just something at this point in time we need to get in place. Summer’s coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s in the indoor heat rule\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The rule would require employers statewide to provide cooling areas and monitor workers who take cooling breaks for signs of heat illness when indoor workplaces hit 82 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the temperature hits 87, or if workers wear restrictive clothing or work near a heat source, businesses would have to take further steps: First, to cool the worksite, if feasible. If not, employers must adjust work schedules, slow production, allow more breaks or rotate workers through assignments. They’d have to provide personal fans or cooling vests as a last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industries expected to be most affected include warehouses, manufacturing and restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The humidity inside the building was unbearable. You felt heavy in your chest like it was hard to breathe.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Sara Fee, former Amazon air hub employee","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Neither advocates for workers nor employers are satisfied with the proposed rule. Workers want to require lower temperatures. Employers said the rule is too complicated, conflicts with the outdoor heat rule and is too broad to apply to vastly different indoor workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hard part about this regulation for California employers has been trying to find language that works equally well for an office building, a restaurant kitchen and a storage shed,” said Rob Moutrie, policy advocate for the California Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers’ advocates said their top priority now is to get a rule on the books without further delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the indoor rule, workers complaining of heat at the Amazon warehouse last summer asked Cal/OSHA to inspect inside under a general rule requiring safe workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The humidity inside the building was unbearable,” said former air hub employee Sara Fee, who helped file the complaint along with the San Bernardino-based Warehouse Worker Resource Center, where she now works. “You felt heavy in your chest like it was hard to breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauling packages in and out of truck trailers was the hottest task. The metal containers sitting in the sun easily climbed above 100 degrees, Fee said, and even with air conditioners in the warehouse and fans near the trucks, the trailers “feel like a sauna” with workers in “constant motion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976716\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976716\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"An older white woman with a plaid shirt on a black tshirt and a black truckers hat with a map behind her and looking at the camera with a slight smile. \" width=\"1568\" height=\"1046\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/021324_Sara-Fee_EF_04-CM-copy-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inland Empire Amazon Workers United founder Sara Fee in front of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center in Ontario on Feb 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Elisa Ferrari for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The heat that comes from the trailer almost knocks you over,” Fee said. “We had fans you could turn around and face into the trailers, but you might as well be standing there with a straw in your mouth blowing air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency found no evidence of safety violations indoors, according to the citation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon is appealing the outdoor citations and disputed claims about hot working conditions both inside and outside the 660,000-square-foot KSBD facility at San Bernardino International Airport, where about 1,400 workers carry cargo off arriving planes, sort them with the help of large robots and load them onto truck trailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘There’s simply no truth to claims that KSBD workers are working in extreme temperatures indoors.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Lynch Vogel, spokesperson, Amazon","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Amazon spokesperson Lynch Vogel said the facility is fully air-conditioned — unlike many others in the distribution industry — and never hotter than 78 degrees inside. “There’s simply no truth to claims that KSBD workers are working in extreme temperatures indoors,” she wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tim Shadix, legal director of the Warehouse Worker Resource Center, said he suspects the lack of an indoor heat rule made it more difficult to issue violations inside the warehouse. The prior summer, workers wearing thermometers inside the warehouse and truck trailers reported temperatures of between 75 and 96 degrees and between 80 and 121 on the tarmac — \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-09-21/amazon-heat-wave-california-work\">a report that\u003c/a> Amazon also disputed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a clear standard would give more clear indication to employers to take more proactive steps, and if there’s still a need for citations, having explicit standards that are required to be followed will make that process a clearer path for Cal/OSHA,” Shadix said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A long, hot history\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Though recent heat waves have made the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/07/workplace-injuries-rising-temperatures/\">risks of hot workplaces\u003c/a> top-of-mind for policymakers, workers have been pushing for protections for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers in factories and even libraries in Southern California were petitioning the state for a general heat standard — indoors and outdoors — as early as the 1980s, said Kevin Riley, director of the Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The library branches didn’t have air conditioning yet, and (librarians) got sick in the stacks,” he said. “Then in the subsequent decade or two, a lot of those spaces became air-conditioned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, the heat-related deaths of four farmworkers prompted California to adopt an outdoor heat illness prevention rule, which requires shade and water when the temperature hits 80 degrees and, for farming and construction work, additional breaks and monitoring when it hits 95. It was the first such rule in the nation; a 2021 study \u003ca href=\"https://docs.iza.org/dp14560.pdf\">suggested it has helped (PDF)\u003c/a> to decrease workplace injuries on hot days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other workers, such as those in the newly booming warehouses of the High Desert and Inland Empire, took up the cause of an indoor heat rule. In 2011, a union representing workers at a Lancaster warehouse secured heat protections in its contract with Rite Aid, but union president Luisa Gratz said as the climate gets hotter, workers need stronger protections in state law, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976719\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/022024-Amazon-Warehouse-REUTERS-SH-CM-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers load packages into electric trucks at an Amazon facility in Poway on Nov. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/REUTERS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Teamsters secured a contract with UPS that averted a nationwide strike and that, besides higher pay, included air conditioning in delivery trucks for drivers and additional fans, ice machines and water fountains in buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA1386-1.html\">20 workers died\u003c/a> from heat illness between 2010 and 2017, seven of them because of indoor heat, according to the Rand Corp., which analyzed the state’s proposed indoor heat rules. Workers compensation data analyzed by Cal/OSHA show between 2010 and 2018 — the hottest decade on record — an average of 185 workers a year claimed injuries from indoor heat, a figure that was rising, and nearly 20% of all workplace heat injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency only recently began separately counting safety complaints that mention indoor heat; it received 194 such complaints in 2022 and 549 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those most likely to experience injuries are younger and male, a likely indication of who is working in industries with the most heat exposure, said Amy Heinzerling, chief of the Emerging Workplace Hazards Unit at the California Department of Public Health. Nearly 10% were injured within the first two weeks on the job, Heinzerling found in another study, highlighting the importance of “gradually increasing worker exposure to hot conditions and really keeping a close eye on them for signs of heat illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, former state Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/connie-leyva-1967/\">Connie Leyva\u003c/a>, a labor-friendly Democrat from the Inland Empire, introduced the bill for Cal/OSHA to develop an indoor heat rule. It was a direct response to reports of workers falling ill from heat in warehouses concentrated in her district, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She initially wanted the rule to take effect in 2017 and said in a recent interview she “had no idea that it would take this long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did expect it to happen right away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Delays in rulemaking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Cal/OSHA’s indoor heat advisory committee began meeting to draft the rule in February 2017, a wide range of employers pushed back immediately, some questioning the need for an indoor rule at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee met over the next two years, going back and forth on the temperature and whether to consider other factors, such as workers’ activity level and humidity levels in the workplace. Worker advocates wanted an across-the-board 80-degree threshold, while some employers called for stricter protections to kick in only at 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the agency had a draft proposal ready for the workplace safety board to kick off formal rulemaking — a process that can be as short as a few months and as long as one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the delays really began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the rule would have at least $50 million in economic impact, a 2011 state law required a study to be submitted to the Department of Finance. The requirement has irked labor advocates, who argue workplace regulations are already subject to vetting. The Cal/OSHA advisory committee on indoor heat met three times and revised a draft rule seven times before submitting it to the safety board, which also takes comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11956922,news_11969338,news_11886628"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Leyva, backed by the California Labor Federation, tried in 2017 and 2021 to exempt Cal/OSHA from conducting economic impact studies, saying they slow down regulations that are needed for workers’ safety. Both times, the bill cleared the Senate and then died. Leyva blamed business interests that were hostile to new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the people who were always talking about streamlining things and saying, ‘There’s too much regulation, there’s too many hoops to jump through,’” she said, “We propose a bill that’s going to streamline it, and all of a sudden, ‘Oh, no, we can’t do that.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2020, the Department of Industrial Relations, which houses Cal/OSHA and the occupational safety board, submitted a draft study to the Department of Finance. While that study was underway, the department put out a second contract. It submitted a final study a year and a half later, using the new contractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither department explained why two contractors were needed. The final economic impact study conducted by the Rand Corp. estimated that the proposed rule would cost employers statewide $215 million in the first year and about $88 million annually afterward, mostly for employers to install AC or fans or provide cool-down areas. The analysis also predicted the rule would cut indoor workplace heat injuries by 40% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another year passed. Asked for an explanation for the delay, the Department of Industrial Relations said only that it was talking to other agencies, including the governor’s office, between late 2021 and early 2023. The department responded in a statement Wednesday after weeks of inquiries. It declined to make a representative of the safety board available for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a complex rulemaking that required detailed consultation with subject matter experts at various points, which led to further edits and refinements to the documents,” a department spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2022, then-Assembly Labor chairperson \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/ash-kalra-1972/\">Ash Kalra\u003c/a>, a San José Democrat, asked an embattled and understaffed Cal/OSHA about why the rule was taking so long. Director Jeff Killip, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.cal-osha.com/flash-report/dosh-chief-resigns/\">left his post in January\u003c/a>, replied that the pandemic had “diverted our focus,” and the standards board would soon be ready to begin formal rulemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board, which the governor appoints, kicked off that process in March 2023. Its vote of approval, along with the Department of Finance’s approval of the economic impact document, is among the last steps that are still needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The clock was ticking on the deadline, and of course, the clock is ticking every day for workers in terms of exposure to heat illness. We would like to see it in place for the summer.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Tim Shadix, legal director, Warehouse Worker Resource Center","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During a public hearing last May, workers pleaded with the board to adopt the rule without further delay. But for the past year, the rule has undergone three more revisions requiring a new public comment period each time, the last of which ended in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, employers have pushed to exempt businesses where workers are only briefly inside a truck, trailer or storage shed. Business groups such as the California Farm Bureau remain upset that the latest exemption doesn’t apply if it’s hotter than 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The temperature in those spaces is going to exceed 95 degrees for much of the year,” said the bureau’s director of labor affairs, Bryan Little. “It’s just not going to be very useful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of revisions is unusual compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/apprvd.html\">dozens of other\u003c/a> workplace safety rules approved since 2017. Of those, which ranged from regulations narrowly targeted at a single industry to a wider COVID-19 prevention standard, only one other rule — on protective equipment for firefighters — has undergone as many board revisions as indoor heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers’ groups are concerned about how the rule will be enforced, with Cal/OSHA currently without a director and suffering vacancy rates of one-third, and the rule only allowing workers’ representatives into unionized worksites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Shadix of the warehouse workers’ center said he just wants to see a rule adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The clock was ticking on the deadline, and of course, the clock is ticking every day for workers in terms of exposure to heat illness,” he said. “We would like to see it in place for the summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11976710/waiting-and-sweltering-why-are-californias-indoor-heat-protections-for-workers-5-years-late","authors":["byline_news_11976710"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_6145","news_255","news_27626","news_2929","news_19904","news_4569"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11976711","label":"news_18481"},"news_11971382":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11971382","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11971382","score":null,"sort":[1704227447000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change","title":"4 Ways AI Could Help Fight Climate Change","publishDate":1704227447,"format":"standard","headTitle":"4 Ways AI Could Help Fight Climate Change | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Lots of industries have embraced artificial intelligence as a tool this past year, including climate solutions companies. From detecting pollution to wildfires, companies are finding AI can help translate vast amounts of climate-related data faster and more efficiently, says Sasha Luccioni, climate lead for AI company Hugging Face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luccioni notes it’s important to be cautious about whether AI is always necessary. Generative AI, which makes new content, can use large amounts of energy and have a big carbon footprint. But she says there are many applications for AI in the green transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are four ways companies, researchers and governments use AI for climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to detect planet-heating methane\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Methane emissions, the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide, are climbing. The highly potent pollutant — the main ingredient in natural gas — gets released by the energy sector, as well as agriculture and decomposing material in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-11-23-ai-automatically-detects-methane-plumes-space-could-be-powerful-tool-combating\"> researchers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/case-studies/utilities/duke-energy-powers-ai-platform\">companies\u003c/a> are using AI to interpret huge quantities of satellite images to track global methane emissions on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we could mine satellite information with AI, we had no idea where methane was coming from,” says Antoine Halff, co-founder and chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “We understood the climate risk that this represented. But there was no understanding of the sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kayrros began in 2016, Halff says the world knew about only a handful of occurrences of large methane leaks and other releases. He says his team can now detect dozens of them every week and thousands yearly. “For methane,” Halff says, “AI really reveals things that could not be known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations uses Kayrros’s AI-fueled data to verify that companies’ reports on methane emissions are accurate. Other governments are gearing up for more methane monitoring:\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\"> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/eu-methane-emissions-law-pollution-0c7e15ee81a05aad88e56935ae24216f\"> the European Union\u003c/a> recently passed new methane regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is so potent, targeting it through AI makes strategic sense, Halff says. “If you eliminate methane emissions today,” he says, “you can very quickly have an impact on the curve of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971401\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971401\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a field of gas and oil drills\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI for early detection of forest fires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving more frequent and intense wildfires, and those burns are making up an\u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/03/02/wildfires-in-2021-emitted-a-record-breaking-amount-of-carbon-dioxide/\"> increasing share\u003c/a> of planet-heating pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a Berlin-based startup uses AI with sensors in forests to find small burns before they spread into megafires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dryad.net/team\">Carsten Brinkschulte\u003c/a>, CEO of Dryad, uses AI to train sensors to detect the specific gasses that get released when organic material burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically like an electronic nose that we embed in the forest,” Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nose-like sensors can detect the fires early in the smoldering stage, “when it’s still easy or relatively easy to extinguish the fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has 50 sensor installations from the Middle East to California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/18/2797950/0/en/Dryad-s-Silvanet-Detects-Unauthorized-Wildfire-in-Lebanon-in-30-Minutes-Prompting-Timely-Response-and-Resolution.html\">Last month in Lebanon\u003c/a>, sensors reacted to a small fire within 30 minutes, Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to prevent new wildfires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way to stop megafires is to set “controlled burns” outside of fire season to remove the excess brush and vegetation that become fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, so-called burn managers — who are people from utilities, the federal forest service or other entities — deploy teams to designated areas to set controlled burns. (Native tribes have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">long history of making these controlled burns\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to do the work safely, burn managers need lots of information to know how the fire might behave so it doesn’t spin out of control. They need to know things like the wind conditions and amount of moisture in the vegetation, says Yolanda Gil, director for strategic AI and data science initiatives at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After interviewing fire scientists, Gil and their team used AI to create a so-called intelligent or smart assistant —like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa —that can access vast data sets and complex models. Burn managers can use these Siri-like assistants to decide where and when to make controlled burns. “It’s kind of like Siri, but for burn managers,” Gil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil says burn managers can ask the smart assistant about a particular area. The assistant can take information about the topography, the vegetation, weather patterns and recommend a potential burn model —a way to make a safe controlled burn, Gil says. The goal, they say, is to make these assistants widely available for utilities, the forest service, and others doing controlled burns to make them safer and plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to send out the first prototypes of the smart assistants in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2542px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/companies-like-kobold-metals-and-earth-ai-are-using-ai-to-speed-up-the-search-for-critical-minerals-like-lithium-cobalt-and-copper-these-minerals-are-key-for-climate-solutions-like-solar-panels-and/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971385\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg\" alt=\"a dump truck mining a field of minerals\" width=\"2542\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg 2542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2542px) 100vw, 2542px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI in green tech mining\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate solutions from solar panels to electric vehicles require immense amounts of minerals like cobalt, lithium and copper. But current supplies are not enough to meet growing demand. By 2030, projected lithium demand will be five times the current global supply, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/\"> International Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, governments, researchers, and companies are using AI to explore critical minerals. Colin Williams, mineral resources program coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, writes in an email that his team\u003ca href=\"https://criticalminerals.darpa.mil/\"> uses AI\u003c/a> to analyze data to determine which areas in the U.S. have the best potential for mining critical metals. He adds that using AI means “dramatic time savings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot of data out there about what it looks like under the earth’s surface. Using AI to sift through all this data helps minimize uncertainty, Williams says. Because mining operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/ces-2023-monetary-tightening-weighs-down-exploration-activity\">spend billions of dollars\u003c/a> trying to find profitable areas to exploit, companies say using AI can help save a lot of time and money in locating minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/mining-looks-to-ai-for-edge-in-finding-new-metal-76345909\">all over the world\u003c/a> —from Australian \u003ca href=\"https://sensore.com/about/\">SensOre\u003c/a> to California-based\u003ca href=\"https://www.koboldmetals.com/\"> KoBold Metals\u003c/a> —are now using AI to explore for minerals on several continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca>www.npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From detecting methane to managing controlled burns, companies use artificial intelligence to manage huge amounts of climate-related data.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704228251,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1118},"headData":{"title":"4 Ways AI Could Help Fight Climate Change | KQED","description":"From detecting methane to managing controlled burns, companies use artificial intelligence to manage huge amounts of climate-related data.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/02/1218677963/ai-climate-change-solutions-fires-lithium-methane","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Jon Putman","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1119646476/julia-simon\">Julia Simon\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"SOPA Images/LightRocket via Gett","nprStoryId":"1218677963","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1218677963&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/02/1218677963/ai-climate-change-solutions-fires-lithium-methane?ft=nprml&f=1218677963","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 02 Jan 2024 05:01:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 02 Jan 2024 05:01:13 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 02 Jan 2024 05:01:13 -0500","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-1179119151/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/12/20231228_atc_ai_climate_solutions_end_of_year.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=226&story=1218677963&ft=nprml&f=1218677963","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11222083710-b44a36.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=226&story=1218677963&ft=nprml&f=1218677963","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11971382/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-1179119151/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/12/20231228_atc_ai_climate_solutions_end_of_year.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1167&d=226&story=1218677963&ft=nprml&f=1218677963","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lots of industries have embraced artificial intelligence as a tool this past year, including climate solutions companies. From detecting pollution to wildfires, companies are finding AI can help translate vast amounts of climate-related data faster and more efficiently, says Sasha Luccioni, climate lead for AI company Hugging Face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luccioni notes it’s important to be cautious about whether AI is always necessary. Generative AI, which makes new content, can use large amounts of energy and have a big carbon footprint. But she says there are many applications for AI in the green transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are four ways companies, researchers and governments use AI for climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to detect planet-heating methane\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Methane emissions, the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide, are climbing. The highly potent pollutant — the main ingredient in natural gas — gets released by the energy sector, as well as agriculture and decomposing material in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-11-23-ai-automatically-detects-methane-plumes-space-could-be-powerful-tool-combating\"> researchers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/case-studies/utilities/duke-energy-powers-ai-platform\">companies\u003c/a> are using AI to interpret huge quantities of satellite images to track global methane emissions on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we could mine satellite information with AI, we had no idea where methane was coming from,” says Antoine Halff, co-founder and chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “We understood the climate risk that this represented. But there was no understanding of the sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kayrros began in 2016, Halff says the world knew about only a handful of occurrences of large methane leaks and other releases. He says his team can now detect dozens of them every week and thousands yearly. “For methane,” Halff says, “AI really reveals things that could not be known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations uses Kayrros’s AI-fueled data to verify that companies’ reports on methane emissions are accurate. Other governments are gearing up for more methane monitoring:\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\"> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/eu-methane-emissions-law-pollution-0c7e15ee81a05aad88e56935ae24216f\"> the European Union\u003c/a> recently passed new methane regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is so potent, targeting it through AI makes strategic sense, Halff says. “If you eliminate methane emissions today,” he says, “you can very quickly have an impact on the curve of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971401\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971401\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a field of gas and oil drills\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI for early detection of forest fires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving more frequent and intense wildfires, and those burns are making up an\u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/03/02/wildfires-in-2021-emitted-a-record-breaking-amount-of-carbon-dioxide/\"> increasing share\u003c/a> of planet-heating pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a Berlin-based startup uses AI with sensors in forests to find small burns before they spread into megafires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dryad.net/team\">Carsten Brinkschulte\u003c/a>, CEO of Dryad, uses AI to train sensors to detect the specific gasses that get released when organic material burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically like an electronic nose that we embed in the forest,” Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nose-like sensors can detect the fires early in the smoldering stage, “when it’s still easy or relatively easy to extinguish the fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has 50 sensor installations from the Middle East to California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/18/2797950/0/en/Dryad-s-Silvanet-Detects-Unauthorized-Wildfire-in-Lebanon-in-30-Minutes-Prompting-Timely-Response-and-Resolution.html\">Last month in Lebanon\u003c/a>, sensors reacted to a small fire within 30 minutes, Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to prevent new wildfires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way to stop megafires is to set “controlled burns” outside of fire season to remove the excess brush and vegetation that become fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, so-called burn managers — who are people from utilities, the federal forest service or other entities — deploy teams to designated areas to set controlled burns. (Native tribes have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">long history of making these controlled burns\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to do the work safely, burn managers need lots of information to know how the fire might behave so it doesn’t spin out of control. They need to know things like the wind conditions and amount of moisture in the vegetation, says Yolanda Gil, director for strategic AI and data science initiatives at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After interviewing fire scientists, Gil and their team used AI to create a so-called intelligent or smart assistant —like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa —that can access vast data sets and complex models. Burn managers can use these Siri-like assistants to decide where and when to make controlled burns. “It’s kind of like Siri, but for burn managers,” Gil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil says burn managers can ask the smart assistant about a particular area. The assistant can take information about the topography, the vegetation, weather patterns and recommend a potential burn model —a way to make a safe controlled burn, Gil says. The goal, they say, is to make these assistants widely available for utilities, the forest service, and others doing controlled burns to make them safer and plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to send out the first prototypes of the smart assistants in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2542px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/companies-like-kobold-metals-and-earth-ai-are-using-ai-to-speed-up-the-search-for-critical-minerals-like-lithium-cobalt-and-copper-these-minerals-are-key-for-climate-solutions-like-solar-panels-and/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971385\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg\" alt=\"a dump truck mining a field of minerals\" width=\"2542\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg 2542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2542px) 100vw, 2542px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI in green tech mining\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate solutions from solar panels to electric vehicles require immense amounts of minerals like cobalt, lithium and copper. But current supplies are not enough to meet growing demand. By 2030, projected lithium demand will be five times the current global supply, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/\"> International Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, governments, researchers, and companies are using AI to explore critical minerals. Colin Williams, mineral resources program coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, writes in an email that his team\u003ca href=\"https://criticalminerals.darpa.mil/\"> uses AI\u003c/a> to analyze data to determine which areas in the U.S. have the best potential for mining critical metals. He adds that using AI means “dramatic time savings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot of data out there about what it looks like under the earth’s surface. Using AI to sift through all this data helps minimize uncertainty, Williams says. Because mining operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/ces-2023-monetary-tightening-weighs-down-exploration-activity\">spend billions of dollars\u003c/a> trying to find profitable areas to exploit, companies say using AI can help save a lot of time and money in locating minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/mining-looks-to-ai-for-edge-in-finding-new-metal-76345909\">all over the world\u003c/a> —from Australian \u003ca href=\"https://sensore.com/about/\">SensOre\u003c/a> to California-based\u003ca href=\"https://www.koboldmetals.com/\"> KoBold Metals\u003c/a> —are now using AI to explore for minerals on several continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca>www.npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11971382/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change","authors":["byline_news_11971382"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_25184","news_2114","news_255","news_328"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11971383","label":"source_news_11971382"},"news_11970945":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11970945","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11970945","score":null,"sort":[1703714403000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-k-8-students-get-their-hands-dirty-to-fight-climate-change","title":"California K–8 Students Get Their Hands Dirty to Fight Climate Change","publishDate":1703714403,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California K–8 Students Get Their Hands Dirty to Fight Climate Change | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":253,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A composting program at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wesleyschool.org/\">The Wesley School\u003c/a> in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth-grade students get hands-on experience with making dirt while also teaching them ways to address human-driven climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill where it would just decompose and produce planet-warming gasses. [aside postID=science_1985830 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/GettyImages-1419796991-1020x667.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://www.jennisilverstein.com/\">Jennifer Silverstein,\u003c/a> a therapist, a social worker, and part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatepsychology.us/\">Climate Psychology Alliance of North America, \u003c/a>says the school’s composting program checks a lot of the boxes for effective, positive climate education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of [teaching kids] just, ‘all these horrible things are happening,’ it’s like, ‘all these horrible things are happening, and there’s all these adults out there who are really actively trying to make it better. And here’s ways you can participate,'” Silverstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school’s composting program started in 2022, and in October this year, the school held a celebration to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK! Want to crack this baby open?” says Steven Wynbrandt, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wynbrandtfarms.com/\">local farmer\u003c/a> and composting consultant who has helped the school with its program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Yeah!” from the dozens of students to his question is deafening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They pepper Wynbrandt with questions as he breaks the ties that hold the container closed: “Is it going to smell?” “What’s it going to look like?” “Is it going to spill out?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich black compost spills out from the container.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t stink at all!” says one of the kids. “It smells earthy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5,200 pounds of food waste diverted from a landfill is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/snep/composting-food-waste-keeping-good-thing-going#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20composting%20lowers%20greenhouse,in%20the%20presence%20of%20oxygen.\">great news for the climate\u003c/a>. Food that breaks down in a landfill produces \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">methane\u003c/a> — one of the most potent planet-warming gasses. But transforming organic material into compost means there’s less methane going into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wesley School staff could have easily tossed the school’s food waste into a city-provided green bin. California law requires municipal food waste to be recycled. But taking it out of sight, which would have been easier, would have missed the point, says science teacher Johnna Hampton-Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s invisible like that, they don’t see it,” she says. “They know, but it doesn’t sink in.” [aside postID=news_11967943 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/EdSource01-1020x755.jpeg']When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile, it sank in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my orange chicken in there,” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is \u003cem>my \u003c/em>food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps the planet, instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the response Wynbrandt wants. He wants to work with more schools like The Wesley School to start these composting programs. “A lot of us, especially kids, feel really overwhelmed and powerless and don’t know what to do,” Wynbrandt says about the climate crisis. “This is quite an existential crisis, and how do we make a difference? How do we make a dent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapist Jennifer Silverstein says part of helping youth understand the gravity of human-caused climate change is to build their tolerance to new — and sometimes devastating — information. She says during those difficult conversations, it helps to allow them to be outside in nature, and participate in collective action. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Leo, a fifth grader, The Wesley School in Los Angeles\"]‘Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night. If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.’[/pullquote]Fifth grader Sloan felt so empowered by the school’s compositing program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders, Sloane says, “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200, and we donated it to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/\">NRDC\u003c/a>,” the Natural Resources Defense Council. They also helped create a petition to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Leo says he’s found the composting program helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night,” he says. “If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October it took two hours for the container of compost to be emptied and prepared to receive the next day’s lunch leftovers. The other four containers remain full of food waste that’s in the process of breaking down. Decorated posters on the outside of each container indicate when in the new year they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit from the rich soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A school composting program in Los Angeles helps teach students how to take climate action through its composting program.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1703793450,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":964},"headData":{"title":"California K–8 Students Get Their Hands Dirty to Fight Climate Change | KQED","description":"A school composting program in Los Angeles helps teach students how to take climate action through its composting program.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Steven Wynbrandt","nprByline":"Caleigh Wells","nprImageAgency":"Steven Wynbrandt","nprStoryId":"1221100212","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1221100212&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/26/1221100212/how-to-inspire-climate-hope-in-kids-get-their-hands-dirty?ft=nprml&f=1221100212","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 26 Dec 2023 12:04:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 26 Dec 2023 05:00:50 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 26 Dec 2023 12:04:50 -0500","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-1149128116/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/12/20231212_me_kids_in_los_angeled_fight_climate_change_by_tackling_food_waste_at_school.mp3?orgId=55&topicId=1167&d=212&story=1221100212&ft=nprml&f=1221100212","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11221102714-780c90.m3u?orgId=55&topicId=1167&d=212&story=1221100212&ft=nprml&f=1221100212","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11970945/california-k-8-students-get-their-hands-dirty-to-fight-climate-change","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-1149128116/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/12/20231212_me_kids_in_los_angeled_fight_climate_change_by_tackling_food_waste_at_school.mp3?orgId=55&topicId=1167&d=212&story=1221100212&ft=nprml&f=1221100212","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A composting program at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wesleyschool.org/\">The Wesley School\u003c/a> in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth-grade students get hands-on experience with making dirt while also teaching them ways to address human-driven climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill where it would just decompose and produce planet-warming gasses. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1985830","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/GettyImages-1419796991-1020x667.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jennisilverstein.com/\">Jennifer Silverstein,\u003c/a> a therapist, a social worker, and part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatepsychology.us/\">Climate Psychology Alliance of North America, \u003c/a>says the school’s composting program checks a lot of the boxes for effective, positive climate education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of [teaching kids] just, ‘all these horrible things are happening,’ it’s like, ‘all these horrible things are happening, and there’s all these adults out there who are really actively trying to make it better. And here’s ways you can participate,'” Silverstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school’s composting program started in 2022, and in October this year, the school held a celebration to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK! Want to crack this baby open?” says Steven Wynbrandt, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wynbrandtfarms.com/\">local farmer\u003c/a> and composting consultant who has helped the school with its program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Yeah!” from the dozens of students to his question is deafening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They pepper Wynbrandt with questions as he breaks the ties that hold the container closed: “Is it going to smell?” “What’s it going to look like?” “Is it going to spill out?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich black compost spills out from the container.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t stink at all!” says one of the kids. “It smells earthy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5,200 pounds of food waste diverted from a landfill is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/snep/composting-food-waste-keeping-good-thing-going#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20composting%20lowers%20greenhouse,in%20the%20presence%20of%20oxygen.\">great news for the climate\u003c/a>. Food that breaks down in a landfill produces \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">methane\u003c/a> — one of the most potent planet-warming gasses. But transforming organic material into compost means there’s less methane going into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wesley School staff could have easily tossed the school’s food waste into a city-provided green bin. California law requires municipal food waste to be recycled. But taking it out of sight, which would have been easier, would have missed the point, says science teacher Johnna Hampton-Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s invisible like that, they don’t see it,” she says. “They know, but it doesn’t sink in.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11967943","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/EdSource01-1020x755.jpeg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile, it sank in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my orange chicken in there,” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is \u003cem>my \u003c/em>food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps the planet, instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the response Wynbrandt wants. He wants to work with more schools like The Wesley School to start these composting programs. “A lot of us, especially kids, feel really overwhelmed and powerless and don’t know what to do,” Wynbrandt says about the climate crisis. “This is quite an existential crisis, and how do we make a difference? How do we make a dent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapist Jennifer Silverstein says part of helping youth understand the gravity of human-caused climate change is to build their tolerance to new — and sometimes devastating — information. She says during those difficult conversations, it helps to allow them to be outside in nature, and participate in collective action. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night. If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Leo, a fifth grader, The Wesley School in Los Angeles","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fifth grader Sloan felt so empowered by the school’s compositing program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders, Sloane says, “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200, and we donated it to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/\">NRDC\u003c/a>,” the Natural Resources Defense Council. They also helped create a petition to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Leo says he’s found the composting program helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night,” he says. “If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October it took two hours for the container of compost to be emptied and prepared to receive the next day’s lunch leftovers. The other four containers remain full of food waste that’s in the process of breaking down. Decorated posters on the outside of each container indicate when in the new year they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit from the rich soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11970945/california-k-8-students-get-their-hands-dirty-to-fight-climate-change","authors":["byline_news_11970945"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_255","news_30353","news_20013","news_27626","news_4","news_3187"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_11970946","label":"news_253"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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