80 Ranchers Ignored Emergency Water Orders and Kept Pumping. Will Tripling the Fines Stop Them?
Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes
The Curious Second Life of a Prather Ranch Cow: Biomedical Research
Ranchers Sue Utility Over Alleged Role in California Fire
In NAFTA Talks, Much at Stake for California Ranchers and Farmers
Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon
Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business
'No Water Here': Drought Drives California Ranchers to Thin Herds
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Will Tripling the Fines Stop Them?","publishDate":1686340856,"format":"standard","headTitle":"80 Ranchers Ignored Emergency Water Orders and Kept Pumping. Will Tripling the Fines Stop Them? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>When ranchers \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/shasta-river-water-standoff/\">violated an emergency order\u003c/a> to stop pumping water from the drought-plagued Shasta River last year, state officials fined them $4,000, or roughly $50 each. Now California legislators are weighing \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB460\">a bill that would triple fines for such infractions\u003c/a> — and could allow the penalty to climb higher than a million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authored by Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, a Democrat from San Ramon, the bill cleared the Assembly in a 43-to-20 vote last week and is now awaiting discussion in Senate committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed legislation aims to give California’s water enforcers more muscle to act swiftly and levy larger penalties for water agencies, irrigation districts and landowners who violate state orders and policies by pumping from rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More On Water' link1='https://www.kqed.org/news/11931467/california-has-bold-plans-to-address-water-security-and-boost-supply-but-will-they-succeed,California Has Bold Plans to Address Water Security and Boost Supply']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bauer-Kahan introduced AB 460 after \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/11/california-ranchers-drought-fine/\">CalMatters reported\u003c/a> in November that the state had imposed minimal fines on about 80 Siskiyou County ranchers — served by the Shasta River Water Association — who had violated an emergency order to stop pumping. \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/11517500/#parameterCode=00060&startDT=2022-08-16&endDT=2022-08-26\">The river’s flows plunged by more than half\u003c/a>, threatening ecosystems and rare fish such as salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet in a public demonstration of the state’s limited powers, the ranchers kept the pumps on for eight days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Paying the fines was worth it to them to take what they took, and that shows a real weakness in what we have done,” Bauer-Kahan said. “It was so clear that our law was not working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board’s maximum fine under existing law is $500 per day. The state also can issue a cease and desist order, which carries maximum fines of $10,000 per day, but it requires a 20-day waiting period and allows the users to seek a public hearing. Such provisions allow the violations to continue for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board doesn’t have the tools to act quickly,” said Michael Kiparsky, water program director at the Center for Law, Energy and the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law. “The fish don’t care if the lawyers are trying to figure out who’s right or wrong if they’re dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952643\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/06/09/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them/082922-shasta-river-water-mhn-cm-02/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11952643\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952643 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man in jeans and a t-shirt, with a baseball cap, stands next to an empty pond with farm buildings and fields in the background.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Scala, a rancher in Siskiyou County, looks out over his dry stock pond in Montague on Aug. 29, 2022. Scala and others defied a state order to stop pumping water from the Shasta River. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rick Lemos, a fifth-generation rancher and board member of the Shasta River Water Association, said the ranchers turned their pumps on last August because their cattle were at risk without more water. Costs from hauling water and buying hay were climbing, and the ranchers faced the prospect of selling off cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could have kept going for $500 a day,” Lemos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had the Assembly bill been in force then, the ranchers could have faced daily fines between $1,500 and $10,000, plus $2,500 for every acre-foot of water diverted, which could reach more than $1,000,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Arron 'Troy' Hockaday, member, Karuk Tribal Council\"]‘The fine doesn’t fit the crime. What’s gonna stop them from doing it again this year, or next year? Or anytime they want?’[/pullquote]Lemos said if fines had reached $10,000 per day, “we definitely could have had to rethink it. That’s for damn sure.” Yet, he also added, “I’m not so sure we wouldn’t have done it again. When you got cattle out of water and you have no other options, what are you gonna do? “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got 5,000 head of cattle that are worth $1,200 apiece, and they’re starting to die, I mean, how much can you spend for eight or 10 days to remedy the problem?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law would target landowners, water agencies and districts that take water from rivers and streams, not individual consumers who turn on their taps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sponsored by conservation groups — California Trout, the Planning and Conservation League and Trout Unlimited — the bill is also supported by the Karuk and Yurok Tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fine doesn’t fit the crime,” Karuk Tribal Council Member Arron “Troy” Hockaday said. “What’s gonna stop them from doing it again this year, or next year? Or anytime they want? I mean, you got 80 farmers only paying $50 apiece. They’re gonna keep doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/06/09/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them/082922-shasta-river-water-mhn-cm-11/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11952642\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952642 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11.jpg\" alt=\"A larger Native man in a plaid button up shirt, with a long string of bright blue beads around his neck, stands in front of a river.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arron ‘Troy’ Hockaday, a council member of the Karuk Tribe, looks out on the Klamath River in Happy Camp. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But water providers, builders and agricultural groups oppose the bill, saying it is so broad that even those diverting water legally could be ensnared in the expanded water board powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If (the bill) did nothing else but raise penalties, that would stop what went on on the Shasta,” said Kristopher Anderson, the Association of California Water Agencies’ legislative advocate. But he said, by expanding other authorities, “this bill systematically stacks the deck against water right holders in favor of the water board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One new authority would be issuing interim relief orders to stop diversions or address potential harms. In urgent cases, these could take effect immediately “to prevent imminent or irreparable injury to other legal users of water, or to instream beneficial uses,” the bill says. Water users who ignore an interim relief order could face fines of $10,000 per day and $2,500 per acre-foot diverted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Pierre, general manager of the State Water Contractors, an association of public water agencies, said vague definitions in the bill such as ‘irreparable injury’ create uncertainty over what water would actually be available to suppliers in the future, which could impede development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson added he would prefer to see enforcement run through the courts rather than state-issued fines — an avenue that the water board could have but did not pursue with the Siskiyou County ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water board officials said in the Shasta River case, seeking a court order would have kicked off a lengthy, resource-intensive battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got both parties who are going to be subject to extensive litigation and litigation costs,” said Yvonne West, director of the water board’s Office of Enforcement. “We thought we could react quicker … In hindsight, we see that we didn’t gain the compliance we were hoping for from those initial actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/06/09/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them/082922-shasta-river-water-mhn-cm-13/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11952641\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952641\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13.jpg\" alt=\"A river flowing between pine trees\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River flows outside Happy Camp in August 2022. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bauer-Kahan’s bill is one of several taking aim at the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#2104d2c3-4a7a-4116-b1c9-3eedc45d49c7\">byzantine, Gold Rush-era water rights system\u003c/a> that state analysts warn has \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/resources/2009/water_rights_issues_perspectives_031009.pdf\">promised more water than is available (PDF)\u003c/a>. The system, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/about_us/water_boards_structure/history_water_rights.html\">establishes priority\u003c/a> among users, is facing mounting criticism for its history of inequality and exclusion of Native peoples and people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1337\">Another bill\u003c/a> would expand the state’s powers to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/2023/04/california-water-rights-battle-legislature/\">curtail pumping from rivers and streams\u003c/a> even by water users with claims that predate the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/board_info/water_rights_process.html\">state’s water rights law\u003c/a>, enacted in 1914. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB389\">A third bill\u003c/a> would allow the board to investigate the legitimacy of senior water rights claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three face opposition from builders, water providers and agriculture. So far they have cleared their houses of origin and are continuing through the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water watchers say it’s critical to bolster the state’s power to enforce water laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is the genie out of the bottle now?” Berkeley’s Kiparsky asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens during the next drought now that it’s been very publicly demonstrated that water users can in essence treat the water board’s enforcement actions as an additional, and sometimes very modest, cost of doing business?”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Proposed legislation would expand California's authority to fine water scofflaws. But even if the cost reached $10,000 per day, some ranchers say they might still violate the rules.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1686340866,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1385},"headData":{"title":"80 Ranchers Ignored Emergency Water Orders and Kept Pumping. Will Tripling the Fines Stop Them? | KQED","description":"Proposed legislation would expand California's authority to fine water scofflaws. But even if the cost reached $10,000 per day, some ranchers say they might still violate the rules.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"80 Ranchers Ignored Emergency Water Orders and Kept Pumping. Will Tripling the Fines Stop Them?","datePublished":"2023-06-09T20:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-09T20:01:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/06/california-water-fines/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/rachel-becker/\">Rachel Becker\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11952638/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When ranchers \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/shasta-river-water-standoff/\">violated an emergency order\u003c/a> to stop pumping water from the drought-plagued Shasta River last year, state officials fined them $4,000, or roughly $50 each. Now California legislators are weighing \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB460\">a bill that would triple fines for such infractions\u003c/a> — and could allow the penalty to climb higher than a million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authored by Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, a Democrat from San Ramon, the bill cleared the Assembly in a 43-to-20 vote last week and is now awaiting discussion in Senate committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed legislation aims to give California’s water enforcers more muscle to act swiftly and levy larger penalties for water agencies, irrigation districts and landowners who violate state orders and policies by pumping from rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More On Water ","link1":"https://www.kqed.org/news/11931467/california-has-bold-plans-to-address-water-security-and-boost-supply-but-will-they-succeed,California Has Bold Plans to Address Water Security and Boost Supply"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bauer-Kahan introduced AB 460 after \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/11/california-ranchers-drought-fine/\">CalMatters reported\u003c/a> in November that the state had imposed minimal fines on about 80 Siskiyou County ranchers — served by the Shasta River Water Association — who had violated an emergency order to stop pumping. \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/11517500/#parameterCode=00060&startDT=2022-08-16&endDT=2022-08-26\">The river’s flows plunged by more than half\u003c/a>, threatening ecosystems and rare fish such as salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet in a public demonstration of the state’s limited powers, the ranchers kept the pumps on for eight days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Paying the fines was worth it to them to take what they took, and that shows a real weakness in what we have done,” Bauer-Kahan said. “It was so clear that our law was not working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board’s maximum fine under existing law is $500 per day. The state also can issue a cease and desist order, which carries maximum fines of $10,000 per day, but it requires a 20-day waiting period and allows the users to seek a public hearing. Such provisions allow the violations to continue for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board doesn’t have the tools to act quickly,” said Michael Kiparsky, water program director at the Center for Law, Energy and the Environment at UC Berkeley School of Law. “The fish don’t care if the lawyers are trying to figure out who’s right or wrong if they’re dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952643\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/06/09/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them/082922-shasta-river-water-mhn-cm-02/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11952643\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952643 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man in jeans and a t-shirt, with a baseball cap, stands next to an empty pond with farm buildings and fields in the background.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Scala, a rancher in Siskiyou County, looks out over his dry stock pond in Montague on Aug. 29, 2022. Scala and others defied a state order to stop pumping water from the Shasta River. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rick Lemos, a fifth-generation rancher and board member of the Shasta River Water Association, said the ranchers turned their pumps on last August because their cattle were at risk without more water. Costs from hauling water and buying hay were climbing, and the ranchers faced the prospect of selling off cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could have kept going for $500 a day,” Lemos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Had the Assembly bill been in force then, the ranchers could have faced daily fines between $1,500 and $10,000, plus $2,500 for every acre-foot of water diverted, which could reach more than $1,000,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The fine doesn’t fit the crime. What’s gonna stop them from doing it again this year, or next year? Or anytime they want?’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Arron 'Troy' Hockaday, member, Karuk Tribal Council","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Lemos said if fines had reached $10,000 per day, “we definitely could have had to rethink it. That’s for damn sure.” Yet, he also added, “I’m not so sure we wouldn’t have done it again. When you got cattle out of water and you have no other options, what are you gonna do? “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’ve got 5,000 head of cattle that are worth $1,200 apiece, and they’re starting to die, I mean, how much can you spend for eight or 10 days to remedy the problem?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law would target landowners, water agencies and districts that take water from rivers and streams, not individual consumers who turn on their taps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sponsored by conservation groups — California Trout, the Planning and Conservation League and Trout Unlimited — the bill is also supported by the Karuk and Yurok Tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fine doesn’t fit the crime,” Karuk Tribal Council Member Arron “Troy” Hockaday said. “What’s gonna stop them from doing it again this year, or next year? Or anytime they want? I mean, you got 80 farmers only paying $50 apiece. They’re gonna keep doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/06/09/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them/082922-shasta-river-water-mhn-cm-11/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11952642\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11952642 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11.jpg\" alt=\"A larger Native man in a plaid button up shirt, with a long string of bright blue beads around his neck, stands in front of a river.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arron ‘Troy’ Hockaday, a council member of the Karuk Tribe, looks out on the Klamath River in Happy Camp. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But water providers, builders and agricultural groups oppose the bill, saying it is so broad that even those diverting water legally could be ensnared in the expanded water board powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If (the bill) did nothing else but raise penalties, that would stop what went on on the Shasta,” said Kristopher Anderson, the Association of California Water Agencies’ legislative advocate. But he said, by expanding other authorities, “this bill systematically stacks the deck against water right holders in favor of the water board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One new authority would be issuing interim relief orders to stop diversions or address potential harms. In urgent cases, these could take effect immediately “to prevent imminent or irreparable injury to other legal users of water, or to instream beneficial uses,” the bill says. Water users who ignore an interim relief order could face fines of $10,000 per day and $2,500 per acre-foot diverted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Pierre, general manager of the State Water Contractors, an association of public water agencies, said vague definitions in the bill such as ‘irreparable injury’ create uncertainty over what water would actually be available to suppliers in the future, which could impede development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson added he would prefer to see enforcement run through the courts rather than state-issued fines — an avenue that the water board could have but did not pursue with the Siskiyou County ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water board officials said in the Shasta River case, seeking a court order would have kicked off a lengthy, resource-intensive battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got both parties who are going to be subject to extensive litigation and litigation costs,” said Yvonne West, director of the water board’s Office of Enforcement. “We thought we could react quicker … In hindsight, we see that we didn’t gain the compliance we were hoping for from those initial actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/06/09/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them/082922-shasta-river-water-mhn-cm-13/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11952641\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952641\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13.jpg\" alt=\"A river flowing between pine trees\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13.jpg 1568w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/082922-SHASTA-RIVER-WATER-MHN-CM-13-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River flows outside Happy Camp in August 2022. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bauer-Kahan’s bill is one of several taking aim at the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-water-solutions/#2104d2c3-4a7a-4116-b1c9-3eedc45d49c7\">byzantine, Gold Rush-era water rights system\u003c/a> that state analysts warn has \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/resources/2009/water_rights_issues_perspectives_031009.pdf\">promised more water than is available (PDF)\u003c/a>. The system, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/about_us/water_boards_structure/history_water_rights.html\">establishes priority\u003c/a> among users, is facing mounting criticism for its history of inequality and exclusion of Native peoples and people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1337\">Another bill\u003c/a> would expand the state’s powers to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/2023/04/california-water-rights-battle-legislature/\">curtail pumping from rivers and streams\u003c/a> even by water users with claims that predate the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/board_info/water_rights_process.html\">state’s water rights law\u003c/a>, enacted in 1914. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB389\">A third bill\u003c/a> would allow the board to investigate the legitimacy of senior water rights claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three face opposition from builders, water providers and agriculture. So far they have cleared their houses of origin and are continuing through the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water watchers say it’s critical to bolster the state’s power to enforce water laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is the genie out of the bottle now?” Berkeley’s Kiparsky asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens during the next drought now that it’s been very publicly demonstrated that water users can in essence treat the water board’s enforcement actions as an additional, and sometimes very modest, cost of doing business?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11952638/80-ranchers-ignored-emergency-water-orders-and-kept-pumping-will-tripling-the-fines-stop-them","authors":["byline_news_11952638"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_29943","news_18334","news_17601","news_31010"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11952644","label":"source_news_11952638"},"news_11936802":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11936802","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11936802","score":null,"sort":[1672916417000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes","title":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes","publishDate":1672916417,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Visitors searching for tule elk in Point Reyes are sometimes surprised to find cattle grazing on commercial ranches. This week on we explore the legacy of ranching on this land, and hear from those who want it to end.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700531898,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":2406},"headData":{"title":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes | KQED","description":"Visitors searching for tule elk in Point Reyes are sometimes surprised to find cattle grazing on commercial ranches. This week on we explore the legacy of ranching on this land, and hear from those who want it to end.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Cattle Ranching Is at the Center of a Battle Brewing in Point Reyes","datePublished":"2023-01-05T11:00:17.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T01:58:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/EBCBFA/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5399481021.mp3?updated=1672875097","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3QhozaD\">\u003cem>Read a transcript of this episode here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is inspired by a question from Bay Curious listener Beth Touchette. She asked, “How did we end up allowing cattle in Point Reyes National Seashore?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>aturday, Aug. 28, 2021, brought a dramatic scene to the normally peaceful, windblown hills of Tomales Point in Point Reyes National Seashore. Dozens of people, from small children to older adults, hauled jugs of water over hills and through valleys only to dump their precious cargo into nearly dry ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were trying to keep the Tule elk that live on a fenced preserve alive during one of California’s longest droughts. In 2019, nearly a third of the herd died from a shortage of water and malnutrition — in part because they could not roam beyond the tall fence that contained them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Elk/Tule-Elk\">Tule elk\u003c/a> are an endemic species found only in California. They were hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, but have been making a comeback in places like Point Reyes. The elk are big, averaging around 400 pounds, and need room to roam and forage. But this herd is isolated behind the fence to keep them away from another animal grazing in the park — an animal that some environmentalists say is being given priority: cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Point Reyes National Seashore was established in 1962, it’s been a lot of things to a lot of people. To the general public, it’s a beloved park that offers beautiful coastline, lush forests and windswept grassy hills. To environmentalists, it’s a habitat worth preserving. To ranchers, it’s the land their livelihoods depend on. To the area’s Native people, it’s long been a homeland with sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one time, these competing interests could exist in relative harmony on the 70,000 acres that make up the park — but increasing demands on the land have caused things to sour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-scaled-e1672874259984.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5101-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"A group of female Tule elk lounge on a green hillside. The rugged California coastline and ocean are visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once abundant in Point Reyes, Tule elk were nearly hunted to extinction. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>How cattle came to graze on Point Reyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Point Reyes peninsula is the homeland of the Coast Miwok people, who lived here for generations alongside the Tule elk. When Spanish missionaries colonized the area, they brought cows with them. Although the missionaries were based in San Rafael, their cows would roam as far west as the Point Reyes peninsula. Later, when Spain granted the land to Mexico, rancheros divided up the peninsula and continued to run cattle. After the Mexican-American war, California changed hands once again to become part of the United States. In the chaotic transition period, the boundaries of the Mexican ranches on the peninsula were challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at some of the Spanish land grants, they literally said from the tree to the rock,” said Loretta Farley, a former park ranger at Point Reyes National Seashore. “So that’s really open to interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squatters moved in and settled on the land. The Mexican rancheros took them to court, but lost because they didn’t have the paperwork to demarcate the boundaries of their land. The legal battles were many and complicated, but when the dust settled in 1857, the law firm of Shafter, Shafter, Park and Heydenfeldt emerged as primary owners of the peninsula we now know as Point Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a series of tremendous fights we have beaten our adversaries at all points and, what is more, have humbled the strongest and the proudest of them,” \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/pore/hrs-ranching.pdf\">wrote Oscar Shafter (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936882\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11936882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"881\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map.jpg 637w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Alphabet-Ranch-Map-160x221.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A historic map of the alphabet ranch parcels in Point Reyes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Shafter brothers divided their property into more than 30 sections and leased the land to immigrants flooding into the area from places like Ireland, Switzerland and the Azores, in Portugal. The Shafters named the ranches from A to Z, what we now call the historic alphabet ranches, and developed a flourishing dairy business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco was growing rapidly and people were hungry for the butter and cheese produced at the dairy farms. Later, when refrigeration was invented, the farms would also ship milk. At one point, the Point Reyes dairies produced more butter than anywhere else in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Shafter families sold some of their land to the farmers who had been leasing it from them. Some of those families are still operating beef and dairy ranches to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Home of the Coast Miwok\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many of the laborers on those early dairy ranches were Coast Miwok people who had been enslaved by Spanish missionaries, but returned to their homes along Tomales Bay if they were able. Their way of life had been completely upended, and now white ranchers owned the land and offered some of the only employment around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grandmother was a ranch cook,” said Theresa Harlan. “My uncles worked on ranches as ranch hands.” Harlan is now the founder and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alliance4felixcove.org/\">Alliance for Felix Cove\u003c/a>; the cove is known as Laird’s Landing on maps. Harlan’s mother is Tomalko (Coast Miwok Tomales Bay) and grew up in a small wooden cabin here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My family would row a small skiff across the bay to get mail or supplies that they couldn’t make themselves,” she said. “They say it was a 30-minute row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harlan’s family was evicted in the 1950s by the white dairy farmers who owned the land at the time, Sayles Turney and James Lundgren. Harlan’s family tried to fight the eviction, saying they’d been there since the 1800s, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court. Her family ultimately lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-scaled-e1672872337625.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/IMG_2299-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A couple stands below the porch of an old wooden cabin\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theresa Harlan and her husband, Ken Tiger, pose in front of the wood cabin her great-grandfather Joe Felix built. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a historic site,” Harlan said. “This needs to be protected. This little house sits neglected. Why? Why? Because it was the home of Tomalko people, California Indian people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been pushing the National Park Service and the \u003ca href=\"https://gratonrancheria.com/\">Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria\u003c/a>, the federally recognized tribe with whom it partners to preserve Coast Miwok sites, to do more to explain and protect her family’s legacy here. In particular, she wants visitors to know that as recently as the 1950s Tomalko people lived here, but were pushed out, repeating the violent history of Indigenous people throughout California. This is family lore to her, not ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other Coast Miwok archaeological sites in Point Reyes, but many of them are kept confidential because they are sacred. The cabins in Felix Cove represent a more modern side of Native American history here, one that existed alongside the ranching history, which has already been designated as historic. Still, far fewer people know about Theresa Harlan’s family than about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/news/newsreleases_20181113_ranches_national_register_of_historic_places.htm\">historic alphabet ranches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From private ranch land to national park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, West Marin remained quite rural, with the ranches dominating local life and culture. But after World War II, when the Bay Area population was booming and demand for housing was high, real estate speculators started eyeing the Point Reyes peninsula for subdivision and development. Conservationists and local residents didn’t want to see that happen. They rallied together to advocate for a national seashore that would preserve the coastline for the public in perpetuity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A local U.S. representative, Clem Miller, was the primary force advocating for the national seashore in Washington, D.C. To achieve the dream, park advocates had to convince the ranchers to sell their land to the federal government. At first, many ranchers were adamantly opposed to the idea, but they also saw that if it wanted to, the government could use eminent domain to take their land, so instead they made a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the government was most interested in preserving the coastline. So, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_gmp_ea_goga_pore_1980_map_management_zoning.pdf\">divided the park into pastoral zones and wilderness areas (PDF)\u003c/a>. The ranchers sold their land to the government, but retained the right to ranch the land in the pastoral zones. It took years for the federal government to acquire the land, but by 1978, most of the ranchers had signed 25-year leases. At the end of the lease, the Park Service could decide whether to renew or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrangement made most parties happy. Conservationists were proud to have saved the area for the public. And the ranchers had earned a chunk of cash, while retaining the right to lease their lands from the government. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/historyculture/people_coastmiwok.htm\">The Coast Miwok, however, continued to struggle for recognition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original 25-year leases have long expired, but for decades the Park Service has renewed them on a five-year basis. This longevity has made the ranches an important part of the economy and culture of West Marin, as well as key players in the local organic food scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recent controversies challenge the status quo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the National Park Service, which manages Point Reyes National Seashore, started a public process to update its Ranch Comprehensive Management Plan. Environmental groups watching the process believed the Park Service was heading down a road that would give ranchers more of what they wanted, without considering the rest of the park’s needs. So in 2016, a coalition of environmental groups sued the Park Service. They pointed out that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/management/upload/planning_gmp_1980.pdf\">Point Reyes General Management Plan (PDF)\u003c/a>, the document that governs park activities, hadn’t been updated since 1980. Awareness of sensitive habitats, endangered species, climate change and the impacts of cattle on ecosystems had evolved since then, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties came to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/getinvolved/upload/planning_ranch_cmp_settlement_agreement_final_170714.pdf\">court-approved settlement agreement (PDF)\u003c/a> that required the Park Service to amend its general management plan with an emphasis on the 28,000 acres affected by ranching activities. They had to come up with several scenarios, including one that would eliminate all ranching from the park. They also had to detail the environmental impacts of their preferred option, which involved several rounds of public comment and a presentation before the California Coastal Commission, which safeguards the state’s coastline and is concerned with the health of the waterways that run into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936897\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs that say \"Save the Elk\" and \"Protect the Herd.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/Point-Reyes-Protest.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People protest the National Park Service over a plan to cull Tule elk at Point Reyes National Seashore in Northern California. \u003ccite>(Peg Hunter/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, in public comment and through advocacy, environmentalists have argued that it’s time for cattle ranching to end in Point Reyes National Seashore. They say cattle suppress endemic plant species and endanger protected animals like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_red-legged_frog/index.html\">California red-legged frog\u003c/a> when their manure gets into waterways. And, they’re concerned that as climate change worsens, drier conditions will be the norm, further upsetting ecosystems. If water and grass are scarce in Point Reyes, they say, it should go to the endemic flora and fauna, not cattle raised by private businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating the matter are the Tule elk, which have no natural predators now that grizzly bears no longer roam the area. Current management practices used throughout the state call for \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=162912&inline\">lethal termination to keep herd sizes in check (PDF)\u003c/a>. But in the 1990s, the Park Service got major pushback from the public when they proposed killing some of the Tule elk behind the fence once their numbers had grown too large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in 1998, the Park Service moved some of the elk from behind the fence to a wilderness area near Limantour Beach. In the early 2000s, some of those elk migrated to an area near Drakes Beach, creating another herd.* These free-roaming herds have increasingly created problems for the ranchers, knocking down fences and competing for the same grass cattle eat. The Park Service has said it will actively keep these unfenced herds at specific sizes, terminating elk if need be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11936879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-scaled-e1672877098790.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11936879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/DSC5237-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Four male elk walk down a grassy hillside\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the ’70s, the Park Service designated the northern tip of Point Reyes as an elk preserve. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The elk situation has increasingly called attention to the Park Service’s management of the national seashore. Some Bay Area residents, like our question-asker this week, Beth Touchette, are wondering whether ranching is still appropriate there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Cattle ranching] never really bothered me until the drought got really bad,” she said. “There’s just limited resources and it’s like, well, how do we decide who gets this limited water? Should it be cattle ranching or should it be trying to keep the wildlife in the national park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranching advocates and the National Park Service say the issue needn’t be so cut-and-dried. While they admit they do need to plan for more extreme dry conditions in the future, they contend there are ways for the agency to balance ecological diversity with the direction from Congress and the Department of the Interior to continue to grant leases to ranchers. They say they are committed to more monitoring and regulation of the ranches in the park to ensure high environmental standards are met. In public comment, the ranchers also have committed to complying with environmental requirements. The Secretary of the interior could decide to end the decades long agreement, but so far each one, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/office-of-the-secretary\">the current Secretary Deb Haaland,\u003c/a> have not chosen to exercise that authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All eyes on what’s next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>History is at the heart of the debate about the future of Point Reyes National Seashore. The Coast Miwok were pushed off this land by Spanish colonizers, and again by ranchers decades later. Environmentalists and ranchers once found middle ground to create this 70,000-acre park. That ground has gotten shaky. How and if the Park Service can balance the interests of all parties going forward is yet to be seen. But the economic future of part of the community, the health of the environment and the very spirit of this land are at stake. Everyone will be watching what happens here next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story said the NPS created the Drakes Bay herd, when in fact the second herd was a product of the original elk migrating to a new area. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11936802/cattle-ranching-is-at-the-center-of-a-battle-brewing-in-point-reyes","authors":["234"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_18334","news_21074","news_29873","news_1262","news_3286","news_3287","news_29613"],"featImg":"news_11936894","label":"source_news_11936802"},"news_11718100":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11718100","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11718100","score":null,"sort":[1547860837000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"at-prather-ranch-cows-are-raised-for-fine-steaks-and-biomedical-research","title":"The Curious Second Life of a Prather Ranch Cow: Biomedical Research","publishDate":1547860837,"format":"audio","headTitle":"California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]n a slaughterhouse in Macdoel, a speck of a town in Siskiyou County, just south of the Oregon border, seven workers step around each other and four cow carcasses on the kill floor, their movements almost a dance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pratherranch.com/\">Prather Ranch\u003c/a> co-owner Mary Rickert explains the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just on the other side of that panel, the animal’s knocked unconscious,\" she says. \"The throats are slit, they have to be bled out. Then they’re laid on this cradle,” where they're skinned. Workers remove the animal's organs and spinal cord, then cut the carcass in half with a saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Emily Rosecrans, sporting brightly painted nails, takes over. She trims off imperfections from the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look for hair, feces, bruises, pretty much anything I wouldn’t want to eat,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If we’re gonna take the animal’s life, I believe we have the moral obligation to utilize the animal as much as possible. First, it’s good business; but it’s good morals.'\u003ccite>Jim Rickert, Prather Ranch co-owner\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After an on-site USDA inspector looks the carcass up and down, Rosecrans says, “I wash it and then I spray with vinegar, which is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9713753\">natural antiseptic\u003c/a>, so it stops the growth of any bad bacteria and helps to stop E. coli.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She then moves the carcass into a cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary’s husband, Jim Rickert, works away from the main action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m boning out the cow head,\" he explains. “You kind of have to know how an animal is put together so you can take it apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He puts all the meat he says he wouldn’t feed to his grandchildren on one tray — that’ll be sold as pet food — and the really good stuff goes on another tray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719407\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-800x897.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Rickert removes meat from the cow head. Some will go for pet food, some will go to market.\" width=\"800\" height=\"897\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-800x897.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-160x179.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-1020x1144.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-1070x1200.jpg 1070w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Rickert removes meat from the cow head. Some will go for pet food, some will go to market. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a nice beef cheek right there,” he says. “It goes down to a restaurant in San Francisco, and as I recall they sell a dinner there, a beef cheek dinner, and for $75. I’ve never been able to afford one, but that’s what I hear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people in this room work carefully. There are the USDA standards and Jim’s “grandchildren test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Beef Is Much More Than 'What's for Dinner'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aside from food sales, Prather Ranch will also sell parts of these animals to companies in the biomedical field. The hides, for example, go to make a purified collagen solution used in cell research. And bones? Some have been made into screws for things like knee surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cow bones are real popular,” says Jim Rickert. “There’s one company that takes all this stuff for dental work,” grinding bones up for fillings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another company is researching ways to replace parts of human bones. They’re using Prather Ranch cow bones, which have been 3D-printed with human cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty strange science, but really fascinating,” says Jim Rickert. “And we like doing our part of it. If we’re gonna take the animal’s life, I believe we have the moral obligation to utilize the animal as much as possible. First it’s good business; but it’s good morals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11718929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11718929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Rickert outside a pasture where Prather Ranch cows eat organic grasses. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Companies come to Prather Ranch for a variety of bovine parts, Mary Rickert says. \"We've done all the way from pituitary glands to eyeballs to uteri to pericardium.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, this is nothing new. Indigenous people around the world have used plants and whole animals for medicine as well as food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Rickert says that in Western medicine, “There’s clear evidence of people using bones from pigs clear back to the 1700s,” though not very successfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve heard of catgut?” he asks, “Well I think that was one of the things that was used at times for suturing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A 'Closed Herd’ and a Beauty Trend\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Rickerts met and fell in love at Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo, and within a decade, they came up to Prather Ranch to manage the operation. They faced a money-losing business, and had to get creative, Jim explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I shrunk the herd down to about 250 mother cows. We just didn’t buy replacement females,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That created what’s now known as a “closed herd.” All animals in the herd are born within it; no new ones are introduced. That decision changed everything. Because, at the same time, in the early 1990s, two things were happening that, on the surface, seem to have nothing to do with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first was an animal health scare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/1040/mad-cow-disease/timeline-mad-cow-disease-outbreaks\">Mad cow disease\u003c/a> — more formally known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy — \"was really developing into a real serious health crisis in the United Kingdom and Europe,” Mary says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second? A beauty trend: dermal fillers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the pillowy lips of actresses in the 1990s? That look came from collagen injections that came from cowhides. Jim says an old friend, an early pioneer in collagen dermal fillers, knew that Prather Ranch had a closed herd, which made it much less susceptible to problems like mad cow disease. He knew he could make a cleaner, safer collagen with their cowhides. So he called them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I remember going, 'Really?' ” Jim says with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Puffy lips wasn’t exactly our primary life goal at that point,” Mary adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Rickerts wanted to keep the ranch going. That collagen company built them the slaughterhouse on-site. Eventually, biomedical companies came knocking for cow parts, too. He won’t talk about the financials, but Jim says there have been years when they’ve made more money selling beef byproducts for medical use than they made selling beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11718934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11718934\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Employee Craig Holbrook prepares a femur for a medical client. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The companies that buy from Prather Ranch sign confidentiality agreements, but one executive — whose company turns Prather Ranch cowhides into purified collagen for cell research, cancer research and 3D bio printing — says that a hide from Prather Ranch can cost him thousands of dollars more than those from other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the processing room, employee Craig Holbrook preps a femur bone for a medical client. He saws the bone, double-bags it in plastic, then sends it through a vacuum sealer. Packages like this are then sent via FedEx to customers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of meeting all the FDA standards to sell the parts to medical companies? The Rickerts set themselves up to produce really high-quality beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10791095/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business\">Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10791095/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CattlewomenMain-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/california-foodways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow reporter Lisa Morehouse's full California Foodways series\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mary says they do DNA testing on bulls specifically for genes that increase the likelihood of marbling and tenderness in the beef. It’s a sought-after quality, and pretty expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary also says she and her husband share a core belief: that they should handle animals gently until the very last minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \"knock box,\" where cows get knocked out by a stun gun before being moved to the kill floor, she points out a quote by animal behaviorist Temple Grandin, who advocates for humane slaughter of livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It reads, “I believe that the place an animal dies is a sacred one. The ritual could be something very simple, such as a moment of silence, no words, one pure moment of silence. I can picture it perfectly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary says, “I wanted to put that over our knock box so we always remember that this animal is giving its life not only for food but also to improve the quality of life for people for medical reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she wants everyone at the slaughterhouse to think about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The California ranch’s co-owner emphasizes using the whole animal. ‘This animal is giving its life not only for food, but also to improve the quality of life for people for medical reasons.'","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1547862362,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1402},"headData":{"title":"The Curious Second Life of a Prather Ranch Cow: Biomedical Research | KQED","description":"The California ranch’s co-owner emphasizes using the whole animal. ‘This animal is giving its life not only for food, but also to improve the quality of life for people for medical reasons.'","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Curious Second Life of a Prather Ranch Cow: Biomedical Research","datePublished":"2019-01-19T01:20:37.000Z","dateModified":"2019-01-19T01:46:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11718100 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11718100","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/01/18/at-prather-ranch-cows-are-raised-for-fine-steaks-and-biomedical-research/","disqusTitle":"The Curious Second Life of a Prather Ranch Cow: Biomedical Research","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2019/01/MorehousePratherRanch.mp3","audioTrackLength":434,"path":"/news/11718100/at-prather-ranch-cows-are-raised-for-fine-steaks-and-biomedical-research","audioDuration":446000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n a slaughterhouse in Macdoel, a speck of a town in Siskiyou County, just south of the Oregon border, seven workers step around each other and four cow carcasses on the kill floor, their movements almost a dance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pratherranch.com/\">Prather Ranch\u003c/a> co-owner Mary Rickert explains the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just on the other side of that panel, the animal’s knocked unconscious,\" she says. \"The throats are slit, they have to be bled out. Then they’re laid on this cradle,” where they're skinned. Workers remove the animal's organs and spinal cord, then cut the carcass in half with a saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Emily Rosecrans, sporting brightly painted nails, takes over. She trims off imperfections from the carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look for hair, feces, bruises, pretty much anything I wouldn’t want to eat,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If we’re gonna take the animal’s life, I believe we have the moral obligation to utilize the animal as much as possible. First, it’s good business; but it’s good morals.'\u003ccite>Jim Rickert, Prather Ranch co-owner\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After an on-site USDA inspector looks the carcass up and down, Rosecrans says, “I wash it and then I spray with vinegar, which is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9713753\">natural antiseptic\u003c/a>, so it stops the growth of any bad bacteria and helps to stop E. coli.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She then moves the carcass into a cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary’s husband, Jim Rickert, works away from the main action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m boning out the cow head,\" he explains. “You kind of have to know how an animal is put together so you can take it apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He puts all the meat he says he wouldn’t feed to his grandchildren on one tray — that’ll be sold as pet food — and the really good stuff goes on another tray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719407\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-800x897.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Rickert removes meat from the cow head. Some will go for pet food, some will go to market.\" width=\"800\" height=\"897\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-800x897.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-160x179.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-1020x1144.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim-1070x1200.jpg 1070w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/6ae6a537-pratherjim.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Rickert removes meat from the cow head. Some will go for pet food, some will go to market. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a nice beef cheek right there,” he says. “It goes down to a restaurant in San Francisco, and as I recall they sell a dinner there, a beef cheek dinner, and for $75. I’ve never been able to afford one, but that’s what I hear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people in this room work carefully. There are the USDA standards and Jim’s “grandchildren test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Beef Is Much More Than 'What's for Dinner'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aside from food sales, Prather Ranch will also sell parts of these animals to companies in the biomedical field. The hides, for example, go to make a purified collagen solution used in cell research. And bones? Some have been made into screws for things like knee surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cow bones are real popular,” says Jim Rickert. “There’s one company that takes all this stuff for dental work,” grinding bones up for fillings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another company is researching ways to replace parts of human bones. They’re using Prather Ranch cow bones, which have been 3D-printed with human cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pretty strange science, but really fascinating,” says Jim Rickert. “And we like doing our part of it. If we’re gonna take the animal’s life, I believe we have the moral obligation to utilize the animal as much as possible. First it’s good business; but it’s good morals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11718929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11718929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34650_IMG_0533-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Rickert outside a pasture where Prather Ranch cows eat organic grasses. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Companies come to Prather Ranch for a variety of bovine parts, Mary Rickert says. \"We've done all the way from pituitary glands to eyeballs to uteri to pericardium.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, this is nothing new. Indigenous people around the world have used plants and whole animals for medicine as well as food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Rickert says that in Western medicine, “There’s clear evidence of people using bones from pigs clear back to the 1700s,” though not very successfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve heard of catgut?” he asks, “Well I think that was one of the things that was used at times for suturing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A 'Closed Herd’ and a Beauty Trend\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Rickerts met and fell in love at Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo, and within a decade, they came up to Prather Ranch to manage the operation. They faced a money-losing business, and had to get creative, Jim explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I shrunk the herd down to about 250 mother cows. We just didn’t buy replacement females,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That created what’s now known as a “closed herd.” All animals in the herd are born within it; no new ones are introduced. That decision changed everything. Because, at the same time, in the early 1990s, two things were happening that, on the surface, seem to have nothing to do with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first was an animal health scare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/1040/mad-cow-disease/timeline-mad-cow-disease-outbreaks\">Mad cow disease\u003c/a> — more formally known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy — \"was really developing into a real serious health crisis in the United Kingdom and Europe,” Mary says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second? A beauty trend: dermal fillers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the pillowy lips of actresses in the 1990s? That look came from collagen injections that came from cowhides. Jim says an old friend, an early pioneer in collagen dermal fillers, knew that Prather Ranch had a closed herd, which made it much less susceptible to problems like mad cow disease. He knew he could make a cleaner, safer collagen with their cowhides. So he called them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I remember going, 'Really?' ” Jim says with a laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Puffy lips wasn’t exactly our primary life goal at that point,” Mary adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Rickerts wanted to keep the ranch going. That collagen company built them the slaughterhouse on-site. Eventually, biomedical companies came knocking for cow parts, too. He won’t talk about the financials, but Jim says there have been years when they’ve made more money selling beef byproducts for medical use than they made selling beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11718934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11718934\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34646_IMG_0537-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Employee Craig Holbrook prepares a femur for a medical client. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The companies that buy from Prather Ranch sign confidentiality agreements, but one executive — whose company turns Prather Ranch cowhides into purified collagen for cell research, cancer research and 3D bio printing — says that a hide from Prather Ranch can cost him thousands of dollars more than those from other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the processing room, employee Craig Holbrook preps a femur bone for a medical client. He saws the bone, double-bags it in plastic, then sends it through a vacuum sealer. Packages like this are then sent via FedEx to customers across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of meeting all the FDA standards to sell the parts to medical companies? The Rickerts set themselves up to produce really high-quality beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10791095/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business\">Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10791095/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CattlewomenMain-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/california-foodways\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow reporter Lisa Morehouse's full California Foodways series\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mary says they do DNA testing on bulls specifically for genes that increase the likelihood of marbling and tenderness in the beef. It’s a sought-after quality, and pretty expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary also says she and her husband share a core belief: that they should handle animals gently until the very last minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \"knock box,\" where cows get knocked out by a stun gun before being moved to the kill floor, she points out a quote by animal behaviorist Temple Grandin, who advocates for humane slaughter of livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It reads, “I believe that the place an animal dies is a sacred one. The ritual could be something very simple, such as a moment of silence, no words, one pure moment of silence. I can picture it perfectly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary says, “I wanted to put that over our knock box so we always remember that this animal is giving its life not only for food but also to improve the quality of life for people for medical reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she wants everyone at the slaughterhouse to think about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11718100/at-prather-ranch-cows-are-raised-for-fine-steaks-and-biomedical-research","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_19906","news_24114","news_457","news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18334","news_22033","news_446","news_4776"],"featImg":"news_11718927","label":"news_72"},"news_11656366":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11656366","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11656366","score":null,"sort":[1521315293000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ranchers-sue-utility-over-alleged-role-in-california-fire","title":"Ranchers Sue Utility Over Alleged Role in California Fire","publishDate":1521315293,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Ranchers who lost cattle and property during California's largest-ever wildfire sued a utility on Thursday for allegedly failing to maintain aging equipment and manage vegetation in areas where the blaze was sparked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits filed in Ventura County claim Southern California Edison didn't mitigate the significant risk of wildfires stemming from its outdated equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs include Aubrey and Kim Sloan, who lost more than 50 cattle and thousands of acres of land when flames ripped through their ranch northwest of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Thomas fire covered more than 440 square miles, or 1,140 sq. kilometers, and destroyed more than 1,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate suit filed last month by nearly 300 residents, farmers and business owners also accuses SCE of negligence that led to the fire and subsequent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11653073/mudslide-fears-prompt-mandatory-evacuations-for-montecito-other-burn-areas\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">mudslides\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings of a multi-agency investigation into the cause of the December fire have not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Thomas fire obviously has had an impact on many individuals, but the origin and cause of the fire continue to be under investigation and no report has yet been issued,\" SCE spokesman David Song said in a statement. \"This and other lawsuits are not based on findings related to an investigation. Therefore, it would be premature for SCE to comment on the origin or cause of the recent wildfires.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lawsuits claim Southern California Edison didn't mitigate the significant risk of wildfires stemming from its outdated equipment.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1521760473,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":9,"wordCount":224},"headData":{"title":"Ranchers Sue Utility Over Alleged Role in California Fire | KQED","description":"Lawsuits claim Southern California Edison didn't mitigate the significant risk of wildfires stemming from its outdated equipment.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Ranchers Sue Utility Over Alleged Role in California Fire","datePublished":"2018-03-17T19:34:53.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-22T23:14:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11656366 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11656366","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/03/17/ranchers-sue-utility-over-alleged-role-in-california-fire/","disqusTitle":"Ranchers Sue Utility Over Alleged Role in California Fire","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11656366/ranchers-sue-utility-over-alleged-role-in-california-fire","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ranchers who lost cattle and property during California's largest-ever wildfire sued a utility on Thursday for allegedly failing to maintain aging equipment and manage vegetation in areas where the blaze was sparked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits filed in Ventura County claim Southern California Edison didn't mitigate the significant risk of wildfires stemming from its outdated equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs include Aubrey and Kim Sloan, who lost more than 50 cattle and thousands of acres of land when flames ripped through their ranch northwest of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Thomas fire covered more than 440 square miles, or 1,140 sq. kilometers, and destroyed more than 1,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate suit filed last month by nearly 300 residents, farmers and business owners also accuses SCE of negligence that led to the fire and subsequent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11653073/mudslide-fears-prompt-mandatory-evacuations-for-montecito-other-burn-areas\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">mudslides\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings of a multi-agency investigation into the cause of the December fire have not been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Thomas fire obviously has had an impact on many individuals, but the origin and cause of the fire continue to be under investigation and no report has yet been issued,\" SCE spokesman David Song said in a statement. \"This and other lawsuits are not based on findings related to an investigation. Therefore, it would be premature for SCE to comment on the origin or cause of the recent wildfires.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11656366/ranchers-sue-utility-over-alleged-role-in-california-fire","authors":["byline_news_11656366"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_18334","news_17286","news_22132","news_22130"],"featImg":"news_11650522","label":"news_72"},"news_11612654":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11612654","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11612654","score":null,"sort":[1503011217000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-nafta-talks-much-at-stake-for-california-ranchers-and-farmers","title":"In NAFTA Talks, Much at Stake for California Ranchers and Farmers","publishDate":1503011217,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/08/16/543855317/negotiations-begin-on-trumps-campaign-promise-to-rework-nafta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAFTA renegotiation talks underway this week\u003c/a>, there’s a lot at stake for farmers and ranchers in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Statistics/PDFs/AgExports2015-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-biggest export market\u003c/a> for California agricultural products, and Mexico is the fifth. In 2015, California farmers and ranchers exported about $4.5 billion worth of goods to the two countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Kester, a fifth-generation California rancher, says \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAFTA\u003c/a> has been good for business. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get more per pound because of the overall demand generated by trade agreements overseas like NAFTA,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kester doesn’t want U.S. trade representatives messing that up as they push for better deals -- and he’s in a position to help ensure they don't. Kester represents the beef industry on \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/apac_2015-19_charter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the committee that advises the U.S. government\u003c/a> on agricultural trade policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under NAFTA we have zero tariffs and no trade barriers whatsoever,\" he says, \"so it’s kind of hard to improve upon that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jEzSTtuLbEIT2DehnTPRkhBGALTtIRnu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California asparagus farmers, on the other hand, see a lot of room for improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the turn of the century, asparagus acreage in California was hovering around 36,000 acres,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.calasparagus.com\">California Asparagus Commission\u003c/a> director Cherie Watte. \"Today we are under about 8,000 acres.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says NAFTA increased competition from Mexico because of cheaper labor, and that's one major reason asparagus growers in California are struggling. Watte's submitted her recommendations for changes to the agreement to U.S. trade representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, it’s not always as simple as U.S. interests versus Mexican or Canadian interests. Some agriculture is binational today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing a lot of our producers going down into Mexico,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfbf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Farm Bureau Federation\u003c/a> president Paul Wenger. “So when you start talking about doing anything that could hinder trade out of Mexico, those are really American growers, and often California growers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NAFTA re-negotiation talks are expected to go on for months.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For some ranchers, NAFTA has been great for business. But some farmers see a lot of room for improvement.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1503011217,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":333},"headData":{"title":"In NAFTA Talks, Much at Stake for California Ranchers and Farmers | KQED","description":"For some ranchers, NAFTA has been great for business. But some farmers see a lot of room for improvement.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"In NAFTA Talks, Much at Stake for California Ranchers and Farmers","datePublished":"2017-08-17T23:06:57.000Z","dateModified":"2017-08-17T23:06:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"11612654 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11612654","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/17/in-nafta-talks-much-at-stake-for-california-ranchers-and-farmers/","disqusTitle":"In NAFTA Talks, Much at Stake for California Ranchers and Farmers","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/00128c05.mp3","guestFields":"0","path":"/news/11612654/in-nafta-talks-much-at-stake-for-california-ranchers-and-farmers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/08/16/543855317/negotiations-begin-on-trumps-campaign-promise-to-rework-nafta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAFTA renegotiation talks underway this week\u003c/a>, there’s a lot at stake for farmers and ranchers in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Statistics/PDFs/AgExports2015-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-biggest export market\u003c/a> for California agricultural products, and Mexico is the fifth. In 2015, California farmers and ranchers exported about $4.5 billion worth of goods to the two countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Kester, a fifth-generation California rancher, says \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NAFTA\u003c/a> has been good for business. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get more per pound because of the overall demand generated by trade agreements overseas like NAFTA,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kester doesn’t want U.S. trade representatives messing that up as they push for better deals -- and he’s in a position to help ensure they don't. Kester represents the beef industry on \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/apac_2015-19_charter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the committee that advises the U.S. government\u003c/a> on agricultural trade policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under NAFTA we have zero tariffs and no trade barriers whatsoever,\" he says, \"so it’s kind of hard to improve upon that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California asparagus farmers, on the other hand, see a lot of room for improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the turn of the century, asparagus acreage in California was hovering around 36,000 acres,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.calasparagus.com\">California Asparagus Commission\u003c/a> director Cherie Watte. \"Today we are under about 8,000 acres.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says NAFTA increased competition from Mexico because of cheaper labor, and that's one major reason asparagus growers in California are struggling. Watte's submitted her recommendations for changes to the agreement to U.S. trade representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, it’s not always as simple as U.S. interests versus Mexican or Canadian interests. Some agriculture is binational today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing a lot of our producers going down into Mexico,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfbf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Farm Bureau Federation\u003c/a> president Paul Wenger. “So when you start talking about doing anything that could hinder trade out of Mexico, those are really American growers, and often California growers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NAFTA re-negotiation talks are expected to go on for months.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11612654/in-nafta-talks-much-at-stake-for-california-ranchers-and-farmers","authors":["11276"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_4092","news_18334","news_18163","news_21464","news_17286"],"featImg":"news_11612663","label":"news_72"},"news_10821240":{"type":"posts","id":"news_10821240","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"10821240","score":null,"sort":[1451946838000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"of-ranchers-and-rancor-the-roots-of-the-armed-occupation-in-oregon","title":"Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon","publishDate":1451946838,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A self-styled militia in eastern Oregon grabbed national headlines Saturday when members \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">broke into the headquarters\u003c/a> of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. There the armed group remained on Sunday, occupying the federal building in protest of what it sees as government overreach on rangelands throughout the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XcIaAmFxDkwflyDRsRypGh8WuShMTkJe\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand in defense,\" Ammon Bundy, the group's apparent leader and spokesman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">told Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>. \"And when the time is right, we will begin to defend the people of Harney County, [Oregon], in using the land and the resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon's brother, Ryan, has reportedly used harsher rhetoric, saying members of the militia are willing to kill or be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/IanKullgren/status/683524884484390912\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last name may ring a bell. Ammon and Ryan Bundy are sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">took part in an armed standoff\u003c/a> with the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, in Nevada in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon Bundy now is part of a group of 15 to 150 people — \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militiamen-break-into-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge-building/\">depending on which source you believe\u003c/a> — who are protesting the arson convictions of two Oregon ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and his son, Steven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>why \u003c/em>exactly are a Nevada rancher's son and his supporters taking up the cause of two guys from Oregon? What is the source of the continued friction between many ranchers and the federal government? What does a 20-year-old terrorist attack in Oklahoma City have to do with all of it?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Background\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The situation began, in some ways, in the decades following the Civil War. The 1862 Homestead Act granted 160 acres of land to the people willing to settle it. Ranchers in some regions needed far more land than that to be profitable. They eventually began to pay grazing fees for the right to lease federal land — if they agreed to federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/461831737/461841372\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are using somebody else's land for your livelihood, that puts you in a very dependent relationship,\" Paul Starrs, a geography professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/30/307960343/ranchers-conflict-with-grazing-fees-began-decades-ago\">told NPR's Ted Robbins\u003c/a> in 2014. \"And livestock ranchers are, in my experience, pretty savvy people. And they don't like that uncertainty. Nobody really likes uncertainty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some ranchers have strongly objected to the government's management of federal lands, especially over issues of water or environmental conservation, and to the terms of their leases. Cliven Bundy, for his part, grazed his cattle on federal lands and refused to pay grazing fees. The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">still hasn't collected the more than $1 million he owes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tension is heightened by how much land the federal government continues to own in the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YYiqiugnaq6ydNcKqZyfXmTKNTC5Vm8y\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf\">the Congressional Research Service\u003c/a>, in Nevada the U.S. owned more than 81 percent of the land in the state in 2010. In Oregon, that number hovered right around half — 53 percent of the land, more than 30 million acres of which were administered by either the BLM or the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact is, it's a paradox being a rugged individualist dependent on the government — unless you're John Wayne,\" Robbins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a paradox that Dwight and Steven Hammond chafed at for decades — and one that drew them off the ranch and into the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Hammonds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The animus harbored by the two Hammond men for federal land agencies dates back decades. Both reportedly were arrested for obstructing federal officials in 1994 — in protest of which \"nearly 500 incensed ranchers showed up at a rally in Burns,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/issues/20/582\">according to High Country News\u003c/a>. But even before that, the Hammonds bristled at the authority of managers of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Dwight] Hammond allegedly made death threats against previous managers in 1986 and 1988 and against [Forrest] Cameron, the current manager, in 1991 and again this year,\" High Country News reported in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds of the current situation were sown in 2001 and 2006. In both those years, the U.S. government said the Hammonds set fires that spread onto land managed by the BLM. The 2001 blaze burned 139 acres of public land, according to court documents; the 2006 fire — for which only Steven was convicted — burned an additional acre of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arson convictions for both father and son were handed down in 2012. Much of the dispute in the years afterward — including, eventually, this weekend's armed occupation — revolves around the sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ132/html/PLAW-104publ132.htm\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996\u003c/a>, which increased the penalties for arson committed against federal property, the mandatory minimum punishment for such crimes was upped to five years in federal prison. The law, which was passed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, struck the judge presiding over the sentencing as too harsh — and off-base in this instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just would not be — would not meet any idea I have of justice, proportionality,\" U.S. District Judge Michael R. Hogan \u003ca href=\"http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Transcript%20of%20Judges%20ruling.pdf\">said at the sentencing\u003c/a>. \"I am not supposed to use the word 'fairness' in criminal law. I know that I had a criminal law professor a long time ago yell at me for doing that. And I don't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this — it would be a sentence which would shock the conscience to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hogan sentenced Dwight Hammond Jr. to three months of prison, and Steven Hammond to a year and one day. The federal government wanted the full five years, appealing the shorter sentences and eventually \u003ca href=\"http://www.landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammonds%20Appeal%209th%20district%20court.pdf\">winning that appeal\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even a fire in a remote area has the potential to spread to more populated areas, threaten local property and residents, or endanger the firefighters called to battle the blaze,\" District Judge Stephen J. Murphy wrote in the appellate court's opinion. \"Given the seriousness of arson, a five-year sentence is not grossly disproportionate to the offense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original sentences were remanded, and the Hammonds were sentenced to five years in prison. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ff-militia-oregon-20160103-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hammonds surrendered\u003c/a> to prison authorities on Monday in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's Next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whatever their continued friction with federal officials, the Hammonds have not publicly condoned the self-styled militia members who claim to be interceding on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Hammonds' attorney has previously stated the militiamen showing up in Burns do not represent the ranchers,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/burns-oregon-standoff-militia/\">Oregon Public Broadcasting reports\u003c/a>, noting that many locals in Burns have also received the out-of-towners warily — with several \"Militia Go Home\" fliers posted throughout the town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/amandapeacher/status/683741037207007232\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Cliven Bundy, Ammon's father, expressed his hesitation over the protests. \"I don't quite understand how much they're going to accomplish,\" Bundy told OPB. \"I think of it this way: What business does the Bundy family have in Harney County, Oregon?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that has not dissuaded Ammon Bundy or the group with which he's holed up in the Malheur refuge headquarters. At a press conference there, Bundy said his plan may take \"several months at the shortest to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, law enforcement \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">had not attempted\u003c/a> to remove the armed group from the federal building, OPB reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Here's a primer on the 'paradox' behind the situation, the court case that gave it a spark -- and how the Oklahoma City bombing is involved.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1451950978,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1221},"headData":{"title":"Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon | KQED","description":"Here's a primer on the 'paradox' behind the situation, the court case that gave it a spark -- and how the Oklahoma City bombing is involved.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon","datePublished":"2016-01-04T22:33:58.000Z","dateModified":"2016-01-04T23:42:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"10821240 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10821240","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/04/of-ranchers-and-rancor-the-roots-of-the-armed-occupation-in-oregon/","disqusTitle":"Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon","nprImageCredit":"Amelia Templeton","nprByline":"Colin Dwyer","nprImageAgency":"OPB","nprStoryId":"461831737","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=461831737&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461831737/of-ranchers-and-rancor-the-roots-of-the-armed-occupation-in-oregon?ft=nprml&f=461831737","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 04 Jan 2016 09:21:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 03 Jan 2016 18:25:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 04 Jan 2016 09:21:29 -0500","path":"/news/10821240/of-ranchers-and-rancor-the-roots-of-the-armed-occupation-in-oregon","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A self-styled militia in eastern Oregon grabbed national headlines Saturday when members \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">broke into the headquarters\u003c/a> of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. There the armed group remained on Sunday, occupying the federal building in protest of what it sees as government overreach on rangelands throughout the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand in defense,\" Ammon Bundy, the group's apparent leader and spokesman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">told Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>. \"And when the time is right, we will begin to defend the people of Harney County, [Oregon], in using the land and the resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon's brother, Ryan, has reportedly used harsher rhetoric, saying members of the militia are willing to kill or be killed.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"683524884484390912"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last name may ring a bell. Ammon and Ryan Bundy are sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">took part in an armed standoff\u003c/a> with the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, in Nevada in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon Bundy now is part of a group of 15 to 150 people — \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militiamen-break-into-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge-building/\">depending on which source you believe\u003c/a> — who are protesting the arson convictions of two Oregon ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and his son, Steven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>why \u003c/em>exactly are a Nevada rancher's son and his supporters taking up the cause of two guys from Oregon? What is the source of the continued friction between many ranchers and the federal government? What does a 20-year-old terrorist attack in Oklahoma City have to do with all of it?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Background\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The situation began, in some ways, in the decades following the Civil War. The 1862 Homestead Act granted 160 acres of land to the people willing to settle it. Ranchers in some regions needed far more land than that to be profitable. They eventually began to pay grazing fees for the right to lease federal land — if they agreed to federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/461831737/461841372\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are using somebody else's land for your livelihood, that puts you in a very dependent relationship,\" Paul Starrs, a geography professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/30/307960343/ranchers-conflict-with-grazing-fees-began-decades-ago\">told NPR's Ted Robbins\u003c/a> in 2014. \"And livestock ranchers are, in my experience, pretty savvy people. And they don't like that uncertainty. Nobody really likes uncertainty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some ranchers have strongly objected to the government's management of federal lands, especially over issues of water or environmental conservation, and to the terms of their leases. Cliven Bundy, for his part, grazed his cattle on federal lands and refused to pay grazing fees. The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">still hasn't collected the more than $1 million he owes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tension is heightened by how much land the federal government continues to own in the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf\">the Congressional Research Service\u003c/a>, in Nevada the U.S. owned more than 81 percent of the land in the state in 2010. In Oregon, that number hovered right around half — 53 percent of the land, more than 30 million acres of which were administered by either the BLM or the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact is, it's a paradox being a rugged individualist dependent on the government — unless you're John Wayne,\" Robbins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a paradox that Dwight and Steven Hammond chafed at for decades — and one that drew them off the ranch and into the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Hammonds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The animus harbored by the two Hammond men for federal land agencies dates back decades. Both reportedly were arrested for obstructing federal officials in 1994 — in protest of which \"nearly 500 incensed ranchers showed up at a rally in Burns,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/issues/20/582\">according to High Country News\u003c/a>. But even before that, the Hammonds bristled at the authority of managers of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Dwight] Hammond allegedly made death threats against previous managers in 1986 and 1988 and against [Forrest] Cameron, the current manager, in 1991 and again this year,\" High Country News reported in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds of the current situation were sown in 2001 and 2006. In both those years, the U.S. government said the Hammonds set fires that spread onto land managed by the BLM. The 2001 blaze burned 139 acres of public land, according to court documents; the 2006 fire — for which only Steven was convicted — burned an additional acre of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arson convictions for both father and son were handed down in 2012. Much of the dispute in the years afterward — including, eventually, this weekend's armed occupation — revolves around the sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ132/html/PLAW-104publ132.htm\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996\u003c/a>, which increased the penalties for arson committed against federal property, the mandatory minimum punishment for such crimes was upped to five years in federal prison. The law, which was passed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, struck the judge presiding over the sentencing as too harsh — and off-base in this instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just would not be — would not meet any idea I have of justice, proportionality,\" U.S. District Judge Michael R. Hogan \u003ca href=\"http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Transcript%20of%20Judges%20ruling.pdf\">said at the sentencing\u003c/a>. \"I am not supposed to use the word 'fairness' in criminal law. I know that I had a criminal law professor a long time ago yell at me for doing that. And I don't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this — it would be a sentence which would shock the conscience to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hogan sentenced Dwight Hammond Jr. to three months of prison, and Steven Hammond to a year and one day. The federal government wanted the full five years, appealing the shorter sentences and eventually \u003ca href=\"http://www.landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammonds%20Appeal%209th%20district%20court.pdf\">winning that appeal\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even a fire in a remote area has the potential to spread to more populated areas, threaten local property and residents, or endanger the firefighters called to battle the blaze,\" District Judge Stephen J. Murphy wrote in the appellate court's opinion. \"Given the seriousness of arson, a five-year sentence is not grossly disproportionate to the offense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original sentences were remanded, and the Hammonds were sentenced to five years in prison. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ff-militia-oregon-20160103-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hammonds surrendered\u003c/a> to prison authorities on Monday in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's Next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whatever their continued friction with federal officials, the Hammonds have not publicly condoned the self-styled militia members who claim to be interceding on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Hammonds' attorney has previously stated the militiamen showing up in Burns do not represent the ranchers,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/burns-oregon-standoff-militia/\">Oregon Public Broadcasting reports\u003c/a>, noting that many locals in Burns have also received the out-of-towners warily — with several \"Militia Go Home\" fliers posted throughout the town.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"683741037207007232"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Even Cliven Bundy, Ammon's father, expressed his hesitation over the protests. \"I don't quite understand how much they're going to accomplish,\" Bundy told OPB. \"I think of it this way: What business does the Bundy family have in Harney County, Oregon?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that has not dissuaded Ammon Bundy or the group with which he's holed up in the Malheur refuge headquarters. At a press conference there, Bundy said his plan may take \"several months at the shortest to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, law enforcement \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">had not attempted\u003c/a> to remove the armed group from the federal building, OPB reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/10821240/of-ranchers-and-rancor-the-roots-of-the-armed-occupation-in-oregon","authors":["byline_news_10821240"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"categories":["news_19906","news_6188","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_18334","news_1024","news_17286","news_17041"],"affiliates":["news_253"],"featImg":"news_10821241","label":"news_72"},"news_10791095":{"type":"posts","id":"news_10791095","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"10791095","score":null,"sort":[1450425912000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business","title":"Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business","publishDate":1450425912,"format":"image","headTitle":"California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>There are plenty of people who -- in order to pursue their passions -- have jobs on the side to support themselves. It’s pretty common to hear about a novelist who does PR, an actor waiting tables. But a rancher?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up in the Sierra Valley, just 30 miles from the Nevada border, I meet such a person. Twenty-nine-year-old Annie Tipton is a new mom and an elementary school teacher, but this morning she’s on the back of a pickup truck with a couple dozen cows and calves following closely behind. She’s tossing hay onto the snowy ground below, feeding the cows her family raises for beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238197642\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always been one of my favorite things since I was a little kid,” she says. “You’re just giving them something they need, and you get to see the calves so happy, bouncing around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Cindy Maddalena, is driving the truck, and Tipton's 5-month-old son is bundled up in a car seat in the cab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s interested in it,” Tipton says with a laugh. “He loves staring at the cows while we're driving. He’s going to be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797069\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797069 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pick-up.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-400x546.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-800x1092.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-768x1048.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1440x1965.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1180x1610.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-960x1310.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pickup. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s how she was raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would always sit on the bales and help my dad push them off,” she remembers. “And then we were on horses. I can't even remember when I didn't ride horses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cows munch on hay around us, mother and daughter look out over the valley, explaining that this cooing baby makes five generations of the Maddalena family living in this place rimmed by the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s peaceful. Very wide-open,” says Tipton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only an hour from Tahoe, so we’ve got a lot of the same climate,” explains Maddalena. “But there are no ski resorts over here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because this is cattle country, and has been since Swiss-Italian immigrants built dairies here to sell milk and cheese to Gold Rush miners. Lots of their descendants still live and work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattling off a list of neighbors, Maddalena jokes, “Most of the names end with ‘i’ and ‘e.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that instead of dairy cows, now they raise all-natural Black Angus cows, which they sell at auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always worked on ranch,” Maddalena says. “We gather cows, I fix fence, we pull calves. I do everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everything includes working jobs referred to as “off-ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our kids were smaller the cow prices were not good,” Maddalena remembers. “I started cleaning houses and I worked in the local dentist office for five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family really needed the extra income, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worked for some great people, but I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that when they could afford it, the family made further cutbacks in their budget, and she did return to the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maddalenas are typical: In nearly half of all farming and ranching families in California, at least one person who works on the ranch also has a separate full-time job. Nationally, the numbers are even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of us are willing to not make a lot of money to keep our lifestyle and to keep families on the ranch. We all work together,” Maddalena says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10797076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1259\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-768x504.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1440x944.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-960x630.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing they all do is roping. The whole family has competed in team roping as a sport, but Annie Tipton says they practice on dummy cows -- basically, pieces of wood with heads and horns attached -- in the back yard for work around the ranch, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says only the last couple generations of women have been so hands-on with the outside work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I think back, my grandmas never roped or did that kind of stuff on the ranch. Now we all love to,” says Tipton. “When I was little, this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qh6ctuIfXR0oiqV2TdL4hxJhRyOO1lnm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tipton never wanted to do anything else. After college and a desk job in the cattle industry, now she and her husband live on the ranch her parents own. Her husband is the muscle of the operation and Tipton works on the ranch every day, but her full-time job is across the valley, teaching elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do love teaching. I think I would miss it, but ideally -- if money were no object and benefits were no object -- I would be working on the ranch,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teaching provides some stability in an unpredictable business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean the market can fluctuate a week at a time or days at a time even,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has impacted water supply and the very grass the cows graze on. Consumer desires, even overseas trade agreements, can alter cattle prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be prepared,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797083 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg\" alt=\"Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law Joe Tipton work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-768x480.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1440x899.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law, Joe Tipton, work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early the next morning, mother and daughter and their husbands are working at their corral, along with neighbors who run a business transporting livestock in specially equipped trucks. Tipton’s mother and husband are on horseback, pushing select cows toward a chute, where her father guides them up a ramp into the truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cows are moving to warmer pastures near Oroville for winter. Most of them belong to her parents, but Tipton and her husband are slowly buying their own, in part because of her teaching income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My husband and I right now are working towards eventually, hopefully, owning the cattle when my parents are ready to retire,” Tipton says, taking over what they and generations before them built, and keeping this family ranch going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The series \u003ca href=\"www.californiafoodways.com\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported in part by \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In nearly half of California's farming and ranching families, at least one person works off-ranch full time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450487467,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1147},"headData":{"title":"Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business | KQED","description":"In nearly half of California's farming and ranching families, at least one person works off-ranch full time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business","datePublished":"2015-12-18T08:05:12.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-19T01:11:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"10791095 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10791095","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business/","disqusTitle":"Sierra Cattlewomen Work Off-Ranch to Help Family Stay in the Business","path":"/news/10791095/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are plenty of people who -- in order to pursue their passions -- have jobs on the side to support themselves. It’s pretty common to hear about a novelist who does PR, an actor waiting tables. But a rancher?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up in the Sierra Valley, just 30 miles from the Nevada border, I meet such a person. Twenty-nine-year-old Annie Tipton is a new mom and an elementary school teacher, but this morning she’s on the back of a pickup truck with a couple dozen cows and calves following closely behind. She’s tossing hay onto the snowy ground below, feeding the cows her family raises for beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238197642&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/238197642'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always been one of my favorite things since I was a little kid,” she says. “You’re just giving them something they need, and you get to see the calves so happy, bouncing around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Cindy Maddalena, is driving the truck, and Tipton's 5-month-old son is bundled up in a car seat in the cab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s interested in it,” Tipton says with a laugh. “He loves staring at the cows while we're driving. He’s going to be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797069\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797069 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pick-up.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-400x546.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-800x1092.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-768x1048.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1440x1965.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-1180x1610.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/FeedingCattle-960x1310.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton feeds hay to her family's cattle from the back of a pickup. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s how she was raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would always sit on the bales and help my dad push them off,” she remembers. “And then we were on horses. I can't even remember when I didn't ride horses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cows munch on hay around us, mother and daughter look out over the valley, explaining that this cooing baby makes five generations of the Maddalena family living in this place rimmed by the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s peaceful. Very wide-open,” says Tipton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only an hour from Tahoe, so we’ve got a lot of the same climate,” explains Maddalena. “But there are no ski resorts over here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because this is cattle country, and has been since Swiss-Italian immigrants built dairies here to sell milk and cheese to Gold Rush miners. Lots of their descendants still live and work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rattling off a list of neighbors, Maddalena jokes, “Most of the names end with ‘i’ and ‘e.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that instead of dairy cows, now they raise all-natural Black Angus cows, which they sell at auction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always worked on ranch,” Maddalena says. “We gather cows, I fix fence, we pull calves. I do everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everything includes working jobs referred to as “off-ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our kids were smaller the cow prices were not good,” Maddalena remembers. “I started cleaning houses and I worked in the local dentist office for five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family really needed the extra income, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worked for some great people, but I’m not an inside worker. I felt like I was in prison and I wanted to come home and work on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that when they could afford it, the family made further cutbacks in their budget, and she did return to the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Maddalenas are typical: In nearly half of all farming and ranching families in California, at least one person who works on the ranch also has a separate full-time job. Nationally, the numbers are even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of us are willing to not make a lot of money to keep our lifestyle and to keep families on the ranch. We all work together,” Maddalena says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10797076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg\" alt=\"Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1259\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-768x504.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1440x944.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/PracticeRoping-960x630.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Annie Tipton lassos a dummy cow for roping practice. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One thing they all do is roping. The whole family has competed in team roping as a sport, but Annie Tipton says they practice on dummy cows -- basically, pieces of wood with heads and horns attached -- in the back yard for work around the ranch, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says only the last couple generations of women have been so hands-on with the outside work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I think back, my grandmas never roped or did that kind of stuff on the ranch. Now we all love to,” says Tipton. “When I was little, this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tipton never wanted to do anything else. After college and a desk job in the cattle industry, now she and her husband live on the ranch her parents own. Her husband is the muscle of the operation and Tipton works on the ranch every day, but her full-time job is across the valley, teaching elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do love teaching. I think I would miss it, but ideally -- if money were no object and benefits were no object -- I would be working on the ranch,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teaching provides some stability in an unpredictable business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean the market can fluctuate a week at a time or days at a time even,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has impacted water supply and the very grass the cows graze on. Consumer desires, even overseas trade agreements, can alter cattle prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be prepared,” Tipton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10797083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10797083 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg\" alt=\"Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law Joe Tipton work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-768x480.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1440x899.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/CorralWork-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cindy Maddalena and son-in-law, Joe Tipton, work at separating cows in the corral, guiding a specific number of them through a chute onto the truck. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Early the next morning, mother and daughter and their husbands are working at their corral, along with neighbors who run a business transporting livestock in specially equipped trucks. Tipton’s mother and husband are on horseback, pushing select cows toward a chute, where her father guides them up a ramp into the truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cows are moving to warmer pastures near Oroville for winter. Most of them belong to her parents, but Tipton and her husband are slowly buying their own, in part because of her teaching income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My husband and I right now are working towards eventually, hopefully, owning the cattle when my parents are ready to retire,” Tipton says, taking over what they and generations before them built, and keeping this family ranch going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The series \u003ca href=\"www.californiafoodways.com\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported in part by \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">California Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/10791095/sierra-cattlewomen-work-off-ranch-to-help-family-stay-in-the-business","authors":["3229"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_17045"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8"],"tags":["news_18334","news_4747","news_17286","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_10797072","label":"news_72"},"news_10600642":{"type":"posts","id":"news_10600642","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"10600642","score":null,"sort":[1436912575000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"no-water-here-drought-drives-california-ranchers-to-thin-herds","title":"'No Water Here': Drought Drives California Ranchers to Thin Herds","publishDate":1436912575,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Rancher Gary Tarbell stands in the sale barn at the Tulare County Stockyard watching as cattle pass through a gate, into a ring and, one by one, are sold to the highest bidder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going out of state, all these cattle,” Tarbell says. “There’s no water here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as farmers in the Central Valley are fallowing thousands of acres because of the drought, cattle ranchers are also cutting production. In fact, herd numbers nationwide are at their lowest since the 1950s, due in part to the Texas and California droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to cut way back,” Tarbell says. “I sold over half of my herd already because there’s no water on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/214694279&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not atypical, says Jon Dolieslager, owner of the \u003ca href=\"http://tularecountystockyard.com/\">Tulare County Stockyard\u003c/a>. “Everybody here is selling, you know, probably double of what they would normally do just because they’re out of feed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolieslager is also the auctioneer. He takes a quick break from doing his auction cry -- or, as some say, \"cattle rattle\" -- and points to the pen behind him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve probably got close to a thousand head of feeder cattle out there today that we have to sell,” he says. Those are drought numbers. On a sale day in a wet year, he would be selling anywhere from 300 to 500 feeder cattle -- steers and heifers destined to go to feedlots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10600944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10600944\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle ranchers talk business at the Tulare County Stockyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-1440x1078.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle ranchers talk business at the Tulare County Stockyard. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolieslager says about a quarter of his customers, who come mostly from the San Joaquin Valley and the Central Coast, have quit ranching for now because their springs and wells have dried up and there’s no forage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all completely out of feed and do not want to have to buy alfalfa because of the high cost of alfalfa, because of the high cost of water\" to grow alfalfa, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the barn, Kyle Loveall is waiting his turn to sell off some yearling cattle. He’s the ranch manager for Elliott Land and Cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, we wean our calves in early summer, run them over another year and sell them as yearlings,” he says. “Last year, we weaned them right away and sold them instead of keeping them because we didn’t have enough feed and water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a cowboy for 44 years, since the age of 14, and he’s never seen a drought like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year, we fed almost all year-round,” he says. “It was a huge expense.” Just buying hay cost the ranch around $140,000, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, he says, the water is holding on the ranch he manages. But he bought a water truck just in case the creek beds and wells go dry and he needs to haul in water. But that would be pricy. Cows drink a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five to 35, 40 gallons a day,” he says. “Yeah, that’s a lot of water, times 400, that’s a lot of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ranch has reduced its breeding herd in the past three years by 60 percent, down to about 440 cows. And that means Loveall brought fewer calves to the auction this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is it,” he says. “This is basically our income for the year. Instead of 600 calves, we’re gonna sell 120 calves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, beef prices are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cattle will bring a lot of money but it’d be nice if we had a thousand cows and the market was like this,” Loveall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranchers who are forced to sell will at least get a good price on their cattle, says Justin Oldfield, vice president of government affairs for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcattlemen.org/\">California Cattlemen’s Association\u003c/a>. But, he adds, there’s a lot more to running a ranch than just buying and selling cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a lot of time to build up a herd, Oldfield says. Ranchers look for certain traits, including disposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of that work that you’ve put in, to putting together a cow herd that works for your ranch, goes out the window,” says Oldfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10600650\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10600650\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sally Baker is a fourth-generation rancher dealing with the drought.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sally Baker is a fourth-generation rancher dealing with the drought. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 30 minutes east of the Tulare County Stockyard, Sally Baker looks out at her ranch in the Sierra foothills directly below Sequoia National Park. She points to an empty streambed where her cattle used to drink. It’s not the only place on the ranch that’s dry, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our springs have all dried up on the west side of our ranch, and we had a well on the north end of the ranch also go dry,” says Baker, a fourth-generation rancher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Baker’s dad died 20 years ago, she and her mom took over the ranch. Last year was particularly tough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We unfortunately had to sell about 50 cows, which broke my heart,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they had to buy hay twice. But Baker says her mom grew up in the Depression, so she knows how to plan for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we were fortunate,” she says. “We had the means to do that. Unfortunately, a lot of ranchers didn’t have a reserve and had to sell off a lot of their stock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Sally Dudley, can see their cattle from her living-room window. Dudley has lived on the ranch for more than 60 years and is worried about the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it continues it’s really going to be disastrous, because you know the water table is dropping and that’s going to affect all of us,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t do much of the physical labor anymore, but she still keeps the ranch's books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You try to be frugal,” she says. “You know, you just save for a rainy day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, in her case, a really long drought.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Ranchers are selling off their herds because the cattle don't have enough water or forage. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1436918722,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1059},"headData":{"title":"'No Water Here': Drought Drives California Ranchers to Thin Herds | KQED","description":"Ranchers are selling off their herds because the cattle don't have enough water or forage. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'No Water Here': Drought Drives California Ranchers to Thin Herds","datePublished":"2015-07-14T22:22:55.000Z","dateModified":"2015-07-15T00:05:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"disqusIdentifier":"10600642 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=10600642","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/14/no-water-here-drought-drives-california-ranchers-to-thin-herds/","disqusTitle":"'No Water Here': Drought Drives California Ranchers to Thin Herds","path":"/news/10600642/no-water-here-drought-drives-california-ranchers-to-thin-herds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rancher Gary Tarbell stands in the sale barn at the Tulare County Stockyard watching as cattle pass through a gate, into a ring and, one by one, are sold to the highest bidder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going out of state, all these cattle,” Tarbell says. “There’s no water here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as farmers in the Central Valley are fallowing thousands of acres because of the drought, cattle ranchers are also cutting production. In fact, herd numbers nationwide are at their lowest since the 1950s, due in part to the Texas and California droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to cut way back,” Tarbell says. “I sold over half of my herd already because there’s no water on the ranch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/214694279&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not atypical, says Jon Dolieslager, owner of the \u003ca href=\"http://tularecountystockyard.com/\">Tulare County Stockyard\u003c/a>. “Everybody here is selling, you know, probably double of what they would normally do just because they’re out of feed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolieslager is also the auctioneer. He takes a quick break from doing his auction cry -- or, as some say, \"cattle rattle\" -- and points to the pen behind him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve probably got close to a thousand head of feeder cattle out there today that we have to sell,” he says. Those are drought numbers. On a sale day in a wet year, he would be selling anywhere from 300 to 500 feeder cattle -- steers and heifers destined to go to feedlots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10600944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10600944\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Cattle ranchers talk business at the Tulare County Stockyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-1440x1078.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/RanchersChat.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cattle ranchers talk business at the Tulare County Stockyard. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolieslager says about a quarter of his customers, who come mostly from the San Joaquin Valley and the Central Coast, have quit ranching for now because their springs and wells have dried up and there’s no forage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re all completely out of feed and do not want to have to buy alfalfa because of the high cost of alfalfa, because of the high cost of water\" to grow alfalfa, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the barn, Kyle Loveall is waiting his turn to sell off some yearling cattle. He’s the ranch manager for Elliott Land and Cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically, we wean our calves in early summer, run them over another year and sell them as yearlings,” he says. “Last year, we weaned them right away and sold them instead of keeping them because we didn’t have enough feed and water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been a cowboy for 44 years, since the age of 14, and he’s never seen a drought like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year, we fed almost all year-round,” he says. “It was a huge expense.” Just buying hay cost the ranch around $140,000, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, he says, the water is holding on the ranch he manages. But he bought a water truck just in case the creek beds and wells go dry and he needs to haul in water. But that would be pricy. Cows drink a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five to 35, 40 gallons a day,” he says. “Yeah, that’s a lot of water, times 400, that’s a lot of water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ranch has reduced its breeding herd in the past three years by 60 percent, down to about 440 cows. And that means Loveall brought fewer calves to the auction this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is it,” he says. “This is basically our income for the year. Instead of 600 calves, we’re gonna sell 120 calves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, beef prices are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cattle will bring a lot of money but it’d be nice if we had a thousand cows and the market was like this,” Loveall says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranchers who are forced to sell will at least get a good price on their cattle, says Justin Oldfield, vice president of government affairs for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcattlemen.org/\">California Cattlemen’s Association\u003c/a>. But, he adds, there’s a lot more to running a ranch than just buying and selling cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a lot of time to build up a herd, Oldfield says. Ranchers look for certain traits, including disposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of that work that you’ve put in, to putting together a cow herd that works for your ranch, goes out the window,” says Oldfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10600650\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10600650\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-400x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sally Baker is a fourth-generation rancher dealing with the drought.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/IMG_3467-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sally Baker is a fourth-generation rancher dealing with the drought. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 30 minutes east of the Tulare County Stockyard, Sally Baker looks out at her ranch in the Sierra foothills directly below Sequoia National Park. She points to an empty streambed where her cattle used to drink. It’s not the only place on the ranch that’s dry, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our springs have all dried up on the west side of our ranch, and we had a well on the north end of the ranch also go dry,” says Baker, a fourth-generation rancher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Baker’s dad died 20 years ago, she and her mom took over the ranch. Last year was particularly tough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We unfortunately had to sell about 50 cows, which broke my heart,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they had to buy hay twice. But Baker says her mom grew up in the Depression, so she knows how to plan for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we were fortunate,” she says. “We had the means to do that. Unfortunately, a lot of ranchers didn’t have a reserve and had to sell off a lot of their stock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Sally Dudley, can see their cattle from her living-room window. Dudley has lived on the ranch for more than 60 years and is worried about the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it continues it’s really going to be disastrous, because you know the water table is dropping and that’s going to affect all of us,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t do much of the physical labor anymore, but she still keeps the ranch's books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You try to be frugal,” she says. “You know, you just save for a rainy day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, in her case, a really long drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/10600642/no-water-here-drought-drives-california-ranchers-to-thin-herds","authors":["208"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1758","news_356"],"tags":["news_18334","news_17618","news_17286","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_10600647","label":"news_72"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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