Bay Air District Hails 'Decisive Victory' in Battle to Cut Refinery Pollution
Engine Maker Cummins Faces $2 Billion Fine for Emissions Cheating Scandal
Revealed: How a Little-Known Pollution Rule Keeps the Air Dirty for Millions of Americans
San Francisco Teen Creates a Free App to Calculate Skin Risk Based on Location
Martinez Refinery's Chemical Release Poses No Long-Term Hazard, Tests Find
Are Zero-Emission Vehicles Making a Dent in California's Air Pollution?
As Wildfire Smoke Worsens Public Health, Government Watchdog Calls EPA Response ‘Ad Hoc’
Bay Area Regulators Approve Rules to Phase Out Gas Furnaces and Water Heaters
Fresno School Plants Trees to Reduce Highway Pollution, Others May Follow
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"news_11975694":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11975694","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11975694","found":true},"title":"The Chevron Richmond Refinery on Oct. 27, 2023.","publishDate":1707850099,"status":"inherit","parent":0,"modified":1707850249,"caption":"The Chevron refinery in Richmond on Oct. 27, 2023.","credit":"Martin do Nascimento/KQED","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/231027-CHEVRON-RICHMOND-REFINERY-MD-01-KQED.jpg","width":2000,"height":1333}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11972274":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11972274","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11972274","found":true},"title":"Ram Truck Recall","publishDate":1704931940,"status":"inherit","parent":11972271,"modified":1704935365,"caption":"This grill of a Ram truck is on display at the Pittsburgh Auto Show on Feb. 15, 2018. The Department of Justice released new details of a settlement with engine manufacturer Cummins Inc. on Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2024, that includes a mandatory recall of 600,000 Ram trucks and that the company remedy environmental damage it caused when it illegally installed emissions control software in several thousand vehicles, skirting emissions testing. ","credit":"Gene J. Puskar/The Associated Press","altTag":"A close-up image of the grill of a Ram truck.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-1536x1025.jpg","width":1536,"height":1025,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-2048x1366.jpg","width":2048,"height":1366,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-1920x1281.jpg","width":1920,"height":1281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/AP24010688739461-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1708}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11964345":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11964345","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11964345","found":true},"title":"017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020 (2)","publishDate":1697155159,"status":"inherit","parent":11964317,"modified":1697156663,"caption":"Matt Cowdrey, Mark Paiz and Kyle Ortega get ready to paddle out and surf Ocean Beach in San Francisco under an orange-red sky caused by wildfires on Sep. 9, 2020.","credit":"Beth LaBerge/KQED","altTag":"A silhouette of three people in the ocean with an orange-colored sky.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/017_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-2-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1707}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11959581":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11959581","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11959581","found":true},"title":"230830-HEAT WAVE-AM-KQED","publishDate":1693416718,"status":"inherit","parent":0,"modified":1693416809,"caption":"A fisherman waits under the shade of his umbrella in front of the Bay Bridge on June 17, 2020.","credit":"Arash Malekzadeh/KQED","altTag":"A fisherman waits under the shade of his umbrella in front of the Bay Bridge.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230830-HEAT-WAVE-AM-KQED.jpg","width":2000,"height":1333}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11952522":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11952522","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11952522","found":true},"title":"The Shell refinery in seen on Tuesday Jan. 24, 2017, in Martinez, Ca.","publishDate":1686180596,"status":"inherit","parent":11952517,"modified":1686181154,"caption":"After PBF Energy's Martinez refinery released 24 tons of potentially hazardous material into the surrounding community last November, residents said their neighborhoods were coated in a substance resembling ash.","credit":"Michael Macor/The San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images","altTag":"The silver smoke stacks of a large oil refinery loom above a city street where vehicles and a stoplight appear in the foreground","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut-800x485.jpg","width":800,"height":485,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut-1020x618.jpg","width":1020,"height":618,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut-160x97.jpg","width":160,"height":97,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut-1536x931.jpg","width":1536,"height":931,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS66128_GettyImages-1321831966-qut.jpg","width":1920,"height":1164}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11951887":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11951887","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11951887","found":true},"title":"RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut","publishDate":1685573972,"status":"inherit","parent":11951866,"modified":1685576249,"caption":"A public charging station for electric vehicles in the Potrero neighborhood of San Francisco.","credit":"Anne Wernikoff/KQED","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS32605_ElectricCars_AW_10-qut.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11950397":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11950397","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11950397","found":true},"title":"RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut","publishDate":1684792955,"status":"inherit","parent":11950351,"modified":1684793078,"caption":"A view of the San Francisco skyline from Dolores Park in San Francisco on Sept. 9, 2020.","credit":"Beth LaBerge/KQED","altTag":"A photo of a polluted orange-colored city skyline with palm trees.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11943706":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11943706","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11943706","found":true},"title":"Bay Area Air Quality Management District To Vote On Sales Ban Of Natural Gas-Powered Water Heaters And Furnaces","publishDate":1678940088,"status":"inherit","parent":11943668,"modified":1678991789,"caption":"Gas-powered water heaters are displayed at a Home Depot store on March 15, 2023, in San Rafael. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District voted today to ban sales of new natural gas water heaters and furnaces in the nine-county Bay Area by 2027 and 2029, respectively, to help lower pollution from smog-forming nitrogen oxide emissions.","credit":"Justin Sullivan/Getty Images","altTag":"Gas-powered water heaters displayed for sale in a Home Depot store, with an employee standing by.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1473783389-800x567.jpg","width":800,"height":567,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1473783389-1020x723.jpg","width":1020,"height":723,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1473783389-160x113.jpg","width":160,"height":113,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1473783389-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1473783389-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1473783389.jpg","width":1024,"height":726}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"news_11934062":{"type":"attachments","id":"news_11934062","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"news","id":"11934062","found":true},"title":"20221117_122943-scaled","publishDate":1670185794,"status":"inherit","parent":11934055,"modified":1670186044,"caption":"Tehipite Middle School in Fresno, on Dec. 2, 2022. The school is nestled right up against two highways, leaving the more than 500 students and employees vulnerable to vehicle pollution.","credit":"Ashleigh Panoo/EdSource","altTag":"A view of exterior of Tehipite Middle School","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-800x600.jpeg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-1020x765.jpeg","width":1020,"height":765,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-160x120.jpeg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-1536x1152.jpeg","width":1536,"height":1152,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpeg","width":2048,"height":1536,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-672x372.jpeg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-1038x576.jpeg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1-1920x1440.jpeg","width":1920,"height":1440,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_122943-scaled-1.jpeg","width":2560,"height":1920}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_news_11972271":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11972271","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11972271","name":"Alexa St. John and Tom Krisher\u003cbr>The Associated Press","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11964317":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11964317","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11964317","name":"Molly Peterson, Dillon Bergin, Emily Zentner and Andrew Witherspoon ","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11950351":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11950351","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11950351","name":"Molly Peterson (The California Newsroom) and Dillon Bergin (MuckRock)","isLoading":false},"byline_news_11934055":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11934055","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11934055","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/apanoo\">Ashleigh Panoo\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"danbrekke":{"type":"authors","id":"222","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"222","found":true},"name":"Dan Brekke","firstName":"Dan","lastName":"Brekke","slug":"danbrekke","email":"dbrekke@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Editor and Reporter","bio":"Dan Brekke is a reporter and editor for KQED News, responsible for coverage of topics ranging from California water issues to the Bay Area's transportation challenges. In a newsroom career that began in Chicago in 1972, Dan has worked for \u003cem>The San Francisco Examiner,\u003c/em> Wired and TechTV and has been published in The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, Business 2.0, Salon and elsewhere.\r\n\r\nSince joining KQED in 2007, Dan has reported, edited and produced both radio and online features and breaking news pieces. He has shared as both editor and reporter in four Society of Professional Journalists Norcal Excellence in Journalism awards and one Edward R. Murrow regional award. He was chosen for a spring 2017 residency at the Mesa Refuge to advance his research on California salmon.\r\n\r\nEmail Dan at: \u003ca href=\"mailto:dbrekke@kqed.org\">dbrekke@kqed.org\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Twitter:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twitter.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>Facebook:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.facebook.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>LinkedIn:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\u003c/a>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"danbrekke","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/dan.brekke/","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke/","sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator","create_posts"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dan Brekke | KQED","description":"KQED Editor and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/danbrekke"},"tgoldberg":{"type":"authors","id":"258","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"258","found":true},"name":"Ted Goldberg","firstName":"Ted","lastName":"Goldberg","slug":"tgoldberg","email":"tgoldberg@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Senior Editor","bio":"Ted Goldberg is Supervising Senior Editor of News and Newscasts at KQED. His main reporting beat is the Bay Area's oil refining industry.\r\n\r\nPrior to joining KQED in 2014, Ted worked at CBS News and WCBS AM in New York and Bay City News and KCBS Radio in San Francisco. He graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio in 1998.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16d702c9ec5f696d78dbfb76b592cf0a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"TedrickG","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ted Goldberg | KQED","description":"KQED Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16d702c9ec5f696d78dbfb76b592cf0a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/16d702c9ec5f696d78dbfb76b592cf0a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/tgoldberg"},"matthewgreen":{"type":"authors","id":"1263","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"1263","found":true},"name":"Matthew Green","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Green","slug":"matthewgreen","email":"mgreen@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Matthew Green is a digital media producer for KQED News. He previously produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/lowdown\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>, KQED’s multimedia news education blog. Matthew's written for numerous Bay Area publications, including the Oakland Tribune and San Francisco Chronicle. He also taught journalism classes at Fremont High School in East Oakland.\r\n\r\nEmail: mgreen@kqed.org; Twitter: @MGreenKQED","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"MGreenKQED","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matthew Green | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/matthewgreen"},"agonzalez":{"type":"authors","id":"11724","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11724","found":true},"name":"Alexander Gonzalez","firstName":"Alexander","lastName":"Gonzalez","slug":"agonzalez","email":"AlexanderGonzalez@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63d43593dd7ebcafcd638e851a9bce5a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alexander Gonzalez | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63d43593dd7ebcafcd638e851a9bce5a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/63d43593dd7ebcafcd638e851a9bce5a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/agonzalez"},"pbartolone":{"type":"authors","id":"11879","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11879","found":true},"name":"Pauline Bartolone","firstName":"Pauline","lastName":"Bartolone","slug":"pbartolone","email":"pbartolone@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Pauline Bartolone has been a journalist for two decades, specializing in longform audio storytelling. Before editing and producing for podcasts like Bay Curious, she was a health care journalist for public radio and print outlets such as CalMatters and Kaiser Health News. Her reporting has won several regional Edward R. Murrow awards, national recognition from the Society of Professional Journalists and a first-place prize from the Association of Health Care Journalists.\r\n\r\nPauline’s work has aired frequently on National Public Radio, and bylines have appeared in The Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, Washingtonpost.com, USA Today and Scientific American.\r\n\r\nPauline has lived in Northern California for 20 years. Her other passions are crafts (now done in collaboration with her daughter) and the Brazilian martial art of capoeira.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"pbartolone","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"podcasts","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Pauline Bartolone | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/pbartolone"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11975650":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11975650","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11975650","score":null,"sort":[1707838230000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-air-district-hails-decisive-victory-in-battle-to-cut-refinery-pollution","title":"Bay Air District Hails 'Decisive Victory' in Battle to Cut Refinery Pollution","publishDate":1707838230,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Air District Hails ‘Decisive Victory’ in Battle to Cut Refinery Pollution | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators say they’ve won a “decisive victory” in a legal fight with a pair of oil companies that had sued to block enforcement of a rule intended to sharply reduce an especially harmful form of pollution emitted by the facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management Agency (BAAQMD) on Tuesday morning announced agreements with Chevron, which runs a 120-year-old refinery in Richmond, and the Martinez Refining Company, that commit both firms to comply with a rule requiring crude oil production facilities to curtail particulate pollution beginning in July 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two companies are dropping lawsuits that challenged the rule. Chevron has committed to paying penalties and making other payments that could total more than $130 million if it delays compliance with the rule. Martinez Refining, a subsidiary of New Jersey-based PBF Energy, has agreed to implement a continuous monitoring system to ensure compliance with the district regulation. Each company will pay up to $500,000 to cover the district’s legal fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11960699,news_11968786,news_11957461 label='Related Coverage']“The air district agreements with Chevron and MRC mark a turning point in our commitment to enforcing air quality regulations and deterring future violations throughout the Bay Area, especially in communities already overburdened by air pollution,” said Dr. Philip Fine, the district’s executive officer, in a statement announcing the agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone, no matter where they live, deserves or has the right to breathe clean air, and that’s what this announcement is about today,” said Contra Costa Supervisor John Gioia, who is a member and former chair of the BAAQMD at the air quality agency’s press conference Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the air district approved the new rule in July 2021. Two months later, Chevron and PBF sued in Contra Costa County Superior Court to block its implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation 6, Rule 5\u003c/a>, focuses on the operation of the refineries’ fluidized catalytic cracking units, which break down heavy crude oil into lighter products like gasoline. Following that process, carbon material known as coke is burned off, pushing large volumes of particulate matter into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particulate pollution — consisting of both fine particles, known as PM2.5, and larger particles, PM10 — can be inhaled and is associated with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/air/particulate_matter.html#:~:text=Coarse%20(bigger)%20particles%2C%20called,or%20even%20into%20your%20blood.\">wide range of lung, heart and other chronic health problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primary care doctor and Climate Health Now nonprofit cofounder Dr. Ashley McClure said she was “shocked” by the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Ashley McClure, cofounder/co-director, Climate Health Now\"]‘It’s so rare to see that sanity and what’s in the public interest prevails … I don’t really understand their motives, but I’m really glad that Chevron and the PBF refinery are dropping their case.’[/pullquote]“It’s so rare to see that sanity and what’s in the public interest prevails … I don’t really understand their motives, but I’m really glad that Chevron and the PBF refinery are dropping their case,” said McClure, who, through her nonprofit, worked with BAAQMD to bring about the new rule in 2021. “The fact that it passed was really wonderful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez resident Heidi Taylor, who is a member of the Healthy Martinez Refinery Accountability Group, welcomed the news, which she called “a huge win,” but said “the fight for clean air, water and soil” in Martinez was not over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake, I’m thrilled, but … I want to know how the measurements are going to be collected, whether or not they’re going to be publicly available,” Taylor said. “We are now relying on the district attorney and the [BAAQMD] to follow up on past violations. We are going to be as aggressive and involved as we always have been to make sure that this community is safe and healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, the two energy companies have argued that the air district overstated the health benefits of the new rule and underestimated the cost of implementing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, both companies confirmed the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron, though, raised concerns about how the air district comes up with its regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The settlement ends our litigation over BAAQMD’s adoption of some of the most stringent environmental regulations in the world. It provides for an extended compliance timeframe to navigate California’s difficult permitting landscape and settles the BAAQMD’s 5-year backlog of enforcement actions,” Chevron said through company spokesperson Caitlin Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chevron is committed to working with agencies, like the BAAQMD, on efforts to improve air quality. However, we remain concerned that the BAAQMD’s rulemaking process is fundamentally broken and believe it’s another example of how California policies have led to a hostile business environment for manufacturers, disincentivizing production of the transportation fuels that millions of Californians depend on every day,” the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PBF Energy representative said the Martinez Refining Company has been working to comply with the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thank our employees and consultants whose ingenuity and hard work led to an innovative technical solution to comply with the new rule, as well as the BAAQMD for working constructively with us to arrive at our mutually desired goal of improving air quality in the Bay Area,” company spokesperson Brandon Matson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air district officials describe the regulation as “the most health-protective rule of its kind in the nation.” They have long argued that the reduction in emissions would reduce early deaths and other health problems for people exposed to particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district said its agreement with Chevron includes a series of costly penalties if the company fails to comply with the rule when it takes effect in less than two and a half years. Chevron would pay $17 million a year for the first three years of noncompliance, which would escalate to $32 million in the fourth year. The deal also requires the Richmond refinery to take steps to reduce particulate emissions before the rule takes effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has also agreed to pay $20 million into a Community Air Quality Fund and another $20 million to settle 678 unrelated violations related to its Richmond refinery operations. The company also promises to reduce persistent flaring at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Chevron and New Jersey-based refinery company end litigation over rule that requires them to sharply curtail particulate emissions. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708018298,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1100},"headData":{"title":"Bay Air District Hails 'Decisive Victory' in Battle to Cut Refinery Pollution | KQED","description":"Chevron and New Jersey-based refinery company end litigation over rule that requires them to sharply curtail particulate emissions. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11975650/bay-air-district-hails-decisive-victory-in-battle-to-cut-refinery-pollution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators say they’ve won a “decisive victory” in a legal fight with a pair of oil companies that had sued to block enforcement of a rule intended to sharply reduce an especially harmful form of pollution emitted by the facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management Agency (BAAQMD) on Tuesday morning announced agreements with Chevron, which runs a 120-year-old refinery in Richmond, and the Martinez Refining Company, that commit both firms to comply with a rule requiring crude oil production facilities to curtail particulate pollution beginning in July 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two companies are dropping lawsuits that challenged the rule. Chevron has committed to paying penalties and making other payments that could total more than $130 million if it delays compliance with the rule. Martinez Refining, a subsidiary of New Jersey-based PBF Energy, has agreed to implement a continuous monitoring system to ensure compliance with the district regulation. Each company will pay up to $500,000 to cover the district’s legal fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11960699,news_11968786,news_11957461","label":"Related Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The air district agreements with Chevron and MRC mark a turning point in our commitment to enforcing air quality regulations and deterring future violations throughout the Bay Area, especially in communities already overburdened by air pollution,” said Dr. Philip Fine, the district’s executive officer, in a statement announcing the agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone, no matter where they live, deserves or has the right to breathe clean air, and that’s what this announcement is about today,” said Contra Costa Supervisor John Gioia, who is a member and former chair of the BAAQMD at the air quality agency’s press conference Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the air district approved the new rule in July 2021. Two months later, Chevron and PBF sued in Contra Costa County Superior Court to block its implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation 6, Rule 5\u003c/a>, focuses on the operation of the refineries’ fluidized catalytic cracking units, which break down heavy crude oil into lighter products like gasoline. Following that process, carbon material known as coke is burned off, pushing large volumes of particulate matter into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particulate pollution — consisting of both fine particles, known as PM2.5, and larger particles, PM10 — can be inhaled and is associated with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/air/particulate_matter.html#:~:text=Coarse%20(bigger)%20particles%2C%20called,or%20even%20into%20your%20blood.\">wide range of lung, heart and other chronic health problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primary care doctor and Climate Health Now nonprofit cofounder Dr. Ashley McClure said she was “shocked” by the news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s so rare to see that sanity and what’s in the public interest prevails … I don’t really understand their motives, but I’m really glad that Chevron and the PBF refinery are dropping their case.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dr. Ashley McClure, cofounder/co-director, Climate Health Now","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s so rare to see that sanity and what’s in the public interest prevails … I don’t really understand their motives, but I’m really glad that Chevron and the PBF refinery are dropping their case,” said McClure, who, through her nonprofit, worked with BAAQMD to bring about the new rule in 2021. “The fact that it passed was really wonderful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez resident Heidi Taylor, who is a member of the Healthy Martinez Refinery Accountability Group, welcomed the news, which she called “a huge win,” but said “the fight for clean air, water and soil” in Martinez was not over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake, I’m thrilled, but … I want to know how the measurements are going to be collected, whether or not they’re going to be publicly available,” Taylor said. “We are now relying on the district attorney and the [BAAQMD] to follow up on past violations. We are going to be as aggressive and involved as we always have been to make sure that this community is safe and healthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, the two energy companies have argued that the air district overstated the health benefits of the new rule and underestimated the cost of implementing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, both companies confirmed the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron, though, raised concerns about how the air district comes up with its regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The settlement ends our litigation over BAAQMD’s adoption of some of the most stringent environmental regulations in the world. It provides for an extended compliance timeframe to navigate California’s difficult permitting landscape and settles the BAAQMD’s 5-year backlog of enforcement actions,” Chevron said through company spokesperson Caitlin Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chevron is committed to working with agencies, like the BAAQMD, on efforts to improve air quality. However, we remain concerned that the BAAQMD’s rulemaking process is fundamentally broken and believe it’s another example of how California policies have led to a hostile business environment for manufacturers, disincentivizing production of the transportation fuels that millions of Californians depend on every day,” the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PBF Energy representative said the Martinez Refining Company has been working to comply with the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thank our employees and consultants whose ingenuity and hard work led to an innovative technical solution to comply with the new rule, as well as the BAAQMD for working constructively with us to arrive at our mutually desired goal of improving air quality in the Bay Area,” company spokesperson Brandon Matson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air district officials describe the regulation as “the most health-protective rule of its kind in the nation.” They have long argued that the reduction in emissions would reduce early deaths and other health problems for people exposed to particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district said its agreement with Chevron includes a series of costly penalties if the company fails to comply with the rule when it takes effect in less than two and a half years. Chevron would pay $17 million a year for the first three years of noncompliance, which would escalate to $32 million in the fourth year. The deal also requires the Richmond refinery to take steps to reduce particulate emissions before the rule takes effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has also agreed to pay $20 million into a Community Air Quality Fund and another $20 million to settle 678 unrelated violations related to its Richmond refinery operations. The company also promises to reduce persistent flaring at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11975650/bay-air-district-hails-decisive-victory-in-battle-to-cut-refinery-pollution","authors":["258"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2036","news_2940","news_424","news_33822"],"featImg":"news_11975694","label":"news"},"news_11972271":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11972271","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11972271","score":null,"sort":[1704934824000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"engine-maker-cummins-faces-2-billion-fine-for-emissions-cheating-scandal","title":"Engine Maker Cummins Faces $2 Billion Fine for Emissions Cheating Scandal","publishDate":1704934824,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Engine Maker Cummins Faces $2 Billion Fine for Emissions Cheating Scandal | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Engine maker Cummins Inc. will recall 600,000 Ram trucks as part of a settlement with federal and California authorities that also requires the company to remedy environmental damage caused by illegal software that let it skirt diesel emissions tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jacqueline Klopp, director, Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Columbia Climate School\"]‘We increasingly are finding that the public health impacts from emissions from cars are really devastating, and it is one of our biggest sources also of emissions leading to climate change.’[/pullquote]New details of the settlement, reached in December, were released Wednesday. Cummins had already agreed to a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cummins-doj-settlement-engine-emissions-claims-b80708c6ebe8eb7e7a3684db0837e209\">$1.675 billion civil penalty\u003c/a> to settle claims — the largest ever secured under the Clean Air Act — plus $325 million for pollution remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings Cummins’ total penalty to more than $2 billion, which officials from the Justice Department, Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board and the California Attorney General called “landmark” in a call with reporters on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let this settlement be a lesson: We won’t let greedy corporations cheat their way to success and run over the health and wellbeing of consumers and our environment along the way,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of a decade, hundreds of thousands of Ram 2500 and 3500 heavy-duty pickup trucks — manufactured by Stellantis — had Cummins diesel engines equipped with software that limited nitrogen oxide pollution during emissions tests but allowed higher pollution during normal operations, the governments alleged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, about 630,000 pickups from the 2013 through 2019 model years were equipped with the so-called “defeat devices” and will be recalled. Roughly 330,000 more trucks from 2019 through 2023 had emissions control software that wasn’t properly reported to authorities, but the government said those didn’t disable emissions controls. Officials could not estimate how many recalled trucks remain on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stellantis deferred comment on the case to Cummins, which has denied allegations made by the government and is not admitting liability, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engine maker said in a statement that Wednesday’s actions do not involve any more financial commitments than those announced in December. “We are looking forward to obtaining certainty as we conclude this lengthy matter and continue to deliver on our mission of powering a more prosperous world,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cummins also said the engines that were cited but are not being recalled did not exceed emissions limits. Punishment for the unreported software is included in the penalty, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11964447,news_11964317\" label=\"Related Stories\"]As part of the settlement, Cummins will make up for smog-forming pollution that resulted from its actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary estimates suggested its emissions bypass produced “thousands of tons of excess emissions of nitrogen oxides,” U.S. Attorney General Merrick B. Garland previously said in a prepared statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act, a federal law enacted in 1963 to reduce and control air pollution nationwide, requires car and engine manufacturers to comply with emission limits to protect the environment and human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector is responsible for about one-third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, much of which stems from light-duty vehicles. Limits aim to curb the amount of emissions from burning gasoline and diesel fuel, including carbon dioxide and other problematic pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We increasingly are finding that the public health impacts from emissions from cars are really devastating, and it is one of our biggest sources also of emissions leading to climate change,” said Jacqueline Klopp, director of the Center for Sustainable Urban Development at the Columbia Climate School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that vehicle manufacturers are trying to evade our emission standards that are our biggest tool for protecting us from these public health impacts and climate change, these kinds of fines for evasion are hopefully a very important deterrent,” she added. “There are profound justice and equity issues around air pollution produced by transport emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diesel exhaust is harmful to human health; it’s a carcinogen. Long-term exposure to ozone-creating nitrogen oxides can cause health issues like respiratory infections, lung disease, and asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said Wednesday it was not lost on them that the Cummins settlement follows several other notable emissions cheating cases involving the auto industry in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s details come seven years after German automaker Volkswagen agreed to plead guilty to criminal felony counts following investigations into its use of similar defeat devices, a massive emissions scandal known as \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-2414a620e73448ff9d32cf335cdaa165\">Dieselgate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company installed software in certain model year 2009–2015 diesel vehicles across its brands, circumventing emissions standards and emitting up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/vw/learn-about-volkswagen-violations#:~:text=The%20notice%20alleges%20that%20Volkswagen,pollution%20than%20emissions%20standards%20allow.\">40 times more pollution than those standards allow\u003c/a>. Volkswagen said \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-ddf0666c3f1e4917ace434ca94951423\">11 million vehicles\u003c/a> across the globe were equipped with the pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the automaker agreed to pay a $2.8 billion criminal penalty and $1.5 billion in separate civil resolutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fiat Chrysler saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/archive/epa/newsreleases/civil-settlements-united-states-and-california-fiat-chrysler-settle-allegations.html\">similar consequences\u003c/a> in 2019 for failing to disclose defeat devices used to make vehicle emission control systems function differently during emission testing. More than 100,000 EcoDiesel Ram 1500 and Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles were sold in the U.S. with the unauthorized software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The automaker agreed to pay a $305 million civil penalty to settle the claims of cheating emission tests in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, Daimler, the auto parent of Mercedes-Benz, \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/daimler-ag-and-mercedes-benz-usa-llc-clean-air-act-civil-settlement\">agreed to a $857 million civil penalty\u003c/a> due to its disclosure failures and claims over its violations of the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of sunk money into diesel engines and people making profits off of diesel engines,” Columbia’s Klopp said. “Unless you give them a really big fine and a really big deterrent, they’re willing to pay the fines to get those profits. That’s really sad because it puts the profits before the health of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The company will recall 600,000 Ram trucks as part of a settlement with federal and California authorities as well as remedying environmental damage caused by illegal software that let it skirt diesel emissions tests.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704938535,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1016},"headData":{"title":"Engine Maker Cummins Faces $2 Billion Fine for Emissions Cheating Scandal | KQED","description":"The company will recall 600,000 Ram trucks as part of a settlement with federal and California authorities as well as remedying environmental damage caused by illegal software that let it skirt diesel emissions tests.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Alexa St. John and Tom Krisher\u003cbr>The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11972271/engine-maker-cummins-faces-2-billion-fine-for-emissions-cheating-scandal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Engine maker Cummins Inc. will recall 600,000 Ram trucks as part of a settlement with federal and California authorities that also requires the company to remedy environmental damage caused by illegal software that let it skirt diesel emissions tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We increasingly are finding that the public health impacts from emissions from cars are really devastating, and it is one of our biggest sources also of emissions leading to climate change.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jacqueline Klopp, director, Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Columbia Climate School","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>New details of the settlement, reached in December, were released Wednesday. Cummins had already agreed to a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cummins-doj-settlement-engine-emissions-claims-b80708c6ebe8eb7e7a3684db0837e209\">$1.675 billion civil penalty\u003c/a> to settle claims — the largest ever secured under the Clean Air Act — plus $325 million for pollution remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings Cummins’ total penalty to more than $2 billion, which officials from the Justice Department, Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board and the California Attorney General called “landmark” in a call with reporters on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let this settlement be a lesson: We won’t let greedy corporations cheat their way to success and run over the health and wellbeing of consumers and our environment along the way,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of a decade, hundreds of thousands of Ram 2500 and 3500 heavy-duty pickup trucks — manufactured by Stellantis — had Cummins diesel engines equipped with software that limited nitrogen oxide pollution during emissions tests but allowed higher pollution during normal operations, the governments alleged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, about 630,000 pickups from the 2013 through 2019 model years were equipped with the so-called “defeat devices” and will be recalled. Roughly 330,000 more trucks from 2019 through 2023 had emissions control software that wasn’t properly reported to authorities, but the government said those didn’t disable emissions controls. Officials could not estimate how many recalled trucks remain on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stellantis deferred comment on the case to Cummins, which has denied allegations made by the government and is not admitting liability, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engine maker said in a statement that Wednesday’s actions do not involve any more financial commitments than those announced in December. “We are looking forward to obtaining certainty as we conclude this lengthy matter and continue to deliver on our mission of powering a more prosperous world,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cummins also said the engines that were cited but are not being recalled did not exceed emissions limits. Punishment for the unreported software is included in the penalty, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11964447,news_11964317","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As part of the settlement, Cummins will make up for smog-forming pollution that resulted from its actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary estimates suggested its emissions bypass produced “thousands of tons of excess emissions of nitrogen oxides,” U.S. Attorney General Merrick B. Garland previously said in a prepared statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act, a federal law enacted in 1963 to reduce and control air pollution nationwide, requires car and engine manufacturers to comply with emission limits to protect the environment and human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector is responsible for about one-third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, much of which stems from light-duty vehicles. Limits aim to curb the amount of emissions from burning gasoline and diesel fuel, including carbon dioxide and other problematic pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We increasingly are finding that the public health impacts from emissions from cars are really devastating, and it is one of our biggest sources also of emissions leading to climate change,” said Jacqueline Klopp, director of the Center for Sustainable Urban Development at the Columbia Climate School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that vehicle manufacturers are trying to evade our emission standards that are our biggest tool for protecting us from these public health impacts and climate change, these kinds of fines for evasion are hopefully a very important deterrent,” she added. “There are profound justice and equity issues around air pollution produced by transport emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diesel exhaust is harmful to human health; it’s a carcinogen. Long-term exposure to ozone-creating nitrogen oxides can cause health issues like respiratory infections, lung disease, and asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said Wednesday it was not lost on them that the Cummins settlement follows several other notable emissions cheating cases involving the auto industry in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday’s details come seven years after German automaker Volkswagen agreed to plead guilty to criminal felony counts following investigations into its use of similar defeat devices, a massive emissions scandal known as \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-2414a620e73448ff9d32cf335cdaa165\">Dieselgate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company installed software in certain model year 2009–2015 diesel vehicles across its brands, circumventing emissions standards and emitting up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/vw/learn-about-volkswagen-violations#:~:text=The%20notice%20alleges%20that%20Volkswagen,pollution%20than%20emissions%20standards%20allow.\">40 times more pollution than those standards allow\u003c/a>. Volkswagen said \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-ddf0666c3f1e4917ace434ca94951423\">11 million vehicles\u003c/a> across the globe were equipped with the pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the automaker agreed to pay a $2.8 billion criminal penalty and $1.5 billion in separate civil resolutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fiat Chrysler saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/archive/epa/newsreleases/civil-settlements-united-states-and-california-fiat-chrysler-settle-allegations.html\">similar consequences\u003c/a> in 2019 for failing to disclose defeat devices used to make vehicle emission control systems function differently during emission testing. More than 100,000 EcoDiesel Ram 1500 and Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles were sold in the U.S. with the unauthorized software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The automaker agreed to pay a $305 million civil penalty to settle the claims of cheating emission tests in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, Daimler, the auto parent of Mercedes-Benz, \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/daimler-ag-and-mercedes-benz-usa-llc-clean-air-act-civil-settlement\">agreed to a $857 million civil penalty\u003c/a> due to its disclosure failures and claims over its violations of the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of sunk money into diesel engines and people making profits off of diesel engines,” Columbia’s Klopp said. “Unless you give them a really big fine and a really big deterrent, they’re willing to pay the fines to get those profits. That’s really sad because it puts the profits before the health of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11972271/engine-maker-cummins-faces-2-billion-fine-for-emissions-cheating-scandal","authors":["byline_news_11972271"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_2036","news_1202"],"featImg":"news_11972274","label":"news"},"news_11964317":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11964317","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11964317","score":null,"sort":[1697450404000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"revealed-how-a-little-known-pollution-rule-keeps-the-air-dirty-for-millions-of-americans","title":"Revealed: How a Little-Known Pollution Rule Keeps the Air Dirty for Millions of Americans","publishDate":1697450404,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Revealed: How a Little-Known Pollution Rule Keeps the Air Dirty for Millions of Americans | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A legal loophole has allowed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to strike pollution from clean air tallies in more than 70 counties, enabling local regulators to claim the air was cleaner than it really was for more than 21 million Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators have exploited a little-known provision in the Clean Air Act called the “exceptional events rule” to forgive pollution caused by “natural” or “uncontrollable” events — including wildfires — investigation from The California Newsroom, MuckRock and \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em> reveals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-800x809.png\" alt=\"A graph\" width=\"800\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-800x809.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-1020x1032.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-160x162.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to obscuring the true health risks of pollution and swerving away from tighter control on local polluters, the rule threatens the potency of the Clean Air Act, experts argue, at a time when the climate crisis is posing an unprecedented challenge to the health of millions of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where the EPA — the U.S. department monitoring air quality — has agreed to exclude bad air days from analysis, “we may have a sort of stable, relatively rosy picture when it comes to our regulatory world in terms of air-quality trends,” said Vijay Limaye, a climate and health epidemiologist at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a nonprofit advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The truth is more complicated, and the air dirtier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The true conditions on the ground in terms of the air that people are breathing in, day after day, week after week, year after year, is increasingly an unhealthy situation,” Limaye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the summer of 2023, more than 20 states so far, from Wyoming to Wisconsin to North Carolina, have flagged air-quality readings that were far higher than normal. Most of these days came in June, as skies in the Midwest and Eastern U.S. were blanketed with Canadian wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We pored over thousands of pages of regulatory documentation, correspondence and contracts, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2023/oct/16/smoke-screened-methodology/\">analyzed hard-to-find public data\u003c/a> to better understand how local regulators make use of the exceptional events rule, as global heating sparks extreme wildfires more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that, since 2016, when the EPA last revised the guidance on exceptional events:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Local regulators in 21 states \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/projects/exceptional-event-demonstrations-215472/\">filed requests with the agency (DOC)\u003c/a> to forgive pollution and, in 20 of those states, had them approved.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In total, local regulators made note of almost 700 exceptional events. The EPA agreed to adjust \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MuckRock/air-quality-exceptional-events\">the data\u003c/a> on 139 of them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The adjustments came in more than 70 counties across 20 states. The affected areas stretched from the forested Oregon coast to the Ohio Rust Belt, from the craggy Rhode Island coastline down to the bayous of Louisiana.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In more than half of the states where exceptional events were forgiven, industry lobbyists and business interests pressed to make that happen, sometimes as the only public voice in the regulatory process. Also, to protect the status quo, some regulators spent millions of taxpayer dollars doing research for and making exceptional events requests, sometimes working hand in hand with industry stakeholders.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meeting air-quality standards matters a lot to industry and politicians. Violations can add up to stricter, more costly and potentially unpopular pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the growing use of the exceptional events rule for wildfires is of deep concern. “You need to level with the public about the number of days when the air quality was unhealthy,” said Eric Schaeffer, a former regulator who directs the Environmental Integrity Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have saved more lives in this country because we cleaned up the air than almost any other environmental policy,” said Michael Wara, the director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. “And that’s what’s being undermined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world has changed,” he said. “We are living in a different world when it comes to wildfire and all of its consequences, including air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to written questions, the EPA said it takes all air pollution seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964351\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of a bridge with two pairs of people walking.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Highway 49 Bridge over the South Yuba River in Nevada County, California, is a popular area for hikers. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Wildland fire and smoke pose increasing challenges and human health impacts in communities all around the country,” Khanya Brann, an EPA spokesperson, wrote. “EPA works closely with other federal agencies, state and local health departments, tribal nations, and other partners to provide information, tools, and resources to support communities in preparing for, responding to, and reducing health impacts from wildland fire and smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA also pointed to “mitigation plans,” in which air districts that have experienced repeated exceptional events must create plans for educating and notifying the public about the pollution risk, as well as “steps to identify, study, and implement mitigating measures” like limiting use of wood-burning stoves and wetting down unpaved roads before dust storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More ‘toxic soup’ and more paperwork\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., clean-air policy long allowed local governments to write off some wildfire smoke on a case-by-case-basis as “unrealistic to control” or “impractical to fully control.” But in 2005, Republican Senator Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma, who has long denied the climate crisis, won a years-long battle to amend the Clean Air Act. The new rule gave local officials more opportunity to exclude pollution from regulatory consideration for an array of events, from fireworks displays and volcanic eruptions to wildfires and even unusual traffic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-800x743.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"743\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-800x743.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-1020x948.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-160x149.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, the rule was used most successfully in a handful of communities in the Southwest where high winds created a recurring problem of dust pollution. Over time, local regulators have turned to exceptional events for wildfires more and more often to reach air-quality goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our analysis of local and EPA records found that in 2016, air agencies flagged 19 wildfire events as potential exceptional events. In 2018 and 2021, 52 and 50 wildfire events were flagged, respectively. In 2020, 65 were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The uptick in exceptional events is absolutely consistent with what we see in the air pollution data,” said Marshall Burke, an associate professor of global environmental policy at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. Smoke is accounting for a higher proportion of overall air pollution, and it’s going up quickly, Burke said — not just in the Western U.S., but nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-800x533.jpg\" alt='A building with a flag pole and a wooden sign that reads \"Nevada County Consolidated Fire District\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Nevada County Consolidated Fire District office in Nevada City on Oct. 4, 2023. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan / The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No state is blamed more for smoke pollution than California, followed by Oregon and Canadian provinces, according to our analysis. Western states are more likely to point fingers at each other, while states in the Midwest and Northeast place the blame on Canadian provinces like Alberta and Saskatchewan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is a dirty and complicated polluter. Limaye, of the NRDC, called it a “toxic soup of air pollution.” It carries soot and ash, regulated as particulate pollution, as well as hydrocarbons and other gases that, cooked in sunlight, help form ground-level ozone. It’s a growing concern for public health, both near the source and thousands of miles away. Smoke, especially from a long-burning fire, can travel long distances and linger at dangerous levels for weeks at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyzed data recorded at air monitors nationwide. For every U.S. county, on a day where the EPA excluded any data, we counted that day. Our analysis found that the total number of wildfire-related bad air days erased from regulatory consideration in counties nationwide was nearly double that of bad air days related to high winds: 236 compared to 121.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-800x1101.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1101\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-800x1101.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-1020x1403.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-160x220.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-1116x1536.png 1116w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When wildfire caused air pollution, the rule was applied to more monitor readings over multiple days, not just to exclude particulate pollution but also smog or ozone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a lot of time,” said John Walke, a lawyer for the NRDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One or two violations at a single air monitor can flip an area from meeting air standards to missing the mark, according to Walke. Three or four violations over several years can prompt increasingly strict local pollution controls. “So a lot is riding on one, or two, or three violations,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A smokier future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The recent experience of California’s Nevada county may offer a glimpse of a smokier future. So far, the exceptional events rule has removed 16 days from the record there in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman wearing a plaid shirt stands next to some equipment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julie Hunter, the interim director of the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District, poses for a photo by a monitor in her district. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ozone levels are rising in the background in this foothill community, according to Julie Hunter, the interim chief for the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District. She said more trucks and warmer temperatures are to blame. More frequently now, she said, wildfire smoke is like a “pancake,” settling flat across the rural valley, stuck until conditions change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one fire in 2021, a thick plume of smoke covered the sun in the town of Grass Valley. “We couldn’t see past down the driveway,” said Dr. Alinea Stevens, the medical director at the Chapa-De Indian Health clinic in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens remembered doctors and nurses moving among patients under the menacing amber skies, N95 masks snug on their faces to protect against COVID-19 — and wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964365\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-800x450.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-1020x573.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-160x90.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-1536x864.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860.png 1793w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over hours, the clinic’s security guards got lightheaded and developed headaches. “We told them, you need to wear N95 masks, too,” Stevens said. “That kind of prolonged exposure to those things was very real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fires in 2018 and 2020, the EPA wiped more than two weeks of ozone pollution in the district from the record. That didn’t get Nevada county all the way to a clean bill of health, but local regulators avoided having to tighten rules on local emissions. Hunter, the local regulator, said her district is likely to seek more exceptional events there, including for fires in the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964366\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-800x534.png\" alt=\"Two men dressed in firefighter uniforms move towards a fire outdoors with the man on the right holding a fire hose.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-800x534.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-1020x681.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-1536x1025.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-2048x1367.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-1920x1281.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters from Costa Mesa and Huntington Beach battle the Bond Fire in Santiago Canyon on Dec. 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Brian Feinzimer/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we take out wildfire smoke as one of the things that we look at, then we’re not going to be addressing problems that really affect our community here,” said Stevens, who directs the health clinic. The surge of asthma and other health problems from smoke can be overlooked when it happens in a rural community, she said. “I think it’s maybe a way that we don’t put enough attention into fixing something that can be fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the California Air Resources Board stress that state law works toward mitigating the effects of climate change, and state policies are supposed to minimize the risk of catastrophic fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really are trying to pull out all the stops,” Michael Benjamin, the chief of CARB’s air-quality planning and science division, said. Practically, he added: “We and the air districts in California will continue to take advantage of the exceptional events provisions in the Clean Air Act to try to show attainment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to showing attainment, the stakes are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scrubbing smoke from regulatory accounting allows local governments and business to continue as usual, since the practice obscures the toll wildfires take on public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also ignores the ways that the climate crisis is altering how people decide where to live across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We are all inheriting this’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Maitreyi Siruguri and her husband woke in the night to a sky lit unnaturally orange. They left their Santa Rosa home with their young children in the early hours of the morning; the fire that eventually swirled through went on to kill 22 people and destroy more than 5,600 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, “I was starting to sense the emotional drain, from everyone having to go through this,” she said. She searched the internet with worry about how smoke could harm her children, then 3 and 7 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, they left for the suburbs of Chicago. They could afford to buy a house; the family would be closer to friends and relatives — and further, she hoped, from wildfire and smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in India in the 1980s and 1990s, and working as a climate educator, Siruguri knows very well that there is no escape hatch leading away from environmental problems. “We are all inheriting this, in every part of the world,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A portrait of a woman wearing a reddish-orange sweater with a purple shirt with designs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alinea Stevens, the medical director at the Chapa-De Indian Health clinic, on Oct. 4, 2023 in Grass Valley. During a fire in 2021, a thick plume of smoke covered the sun in Grass Valley. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wara, of Stanford’s Woods Institute, argues that such an inheritance requires investment. Rather than trying to protect the status quo, he said, governments could make a new cost-benefit analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would not be unreasonable” to boost spending significantly to manage public and private lands to minimize smoke, “something like what we think is reasonable when it comes to coal-fired power plants, which is billions of dollars per year,” he said. “Because the harms that are being created by the smoke are large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, as air quality worsened across Illinois from Canadian fires, Siruguri worried anew in Naperville. On a late July day, when smoke pollution had returned, she brought her child to soccer camp, and asked the camp’s director whether the air was healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964348\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964348\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An image of a downtown area of a city.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Downtown Nevada City on Oct. 5, 2023. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He didn’t have an answer. “He was like, well, we kind of wait till somebody tells us what to do or you make the decision for your child,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siruguri believes the government must work to stop climate change, including by switching energy sources away from fossil fuels. She believes that when officials talk to the public, they should be honest about how smoke is changing air over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard for the general public to know. The next time I see bad air quality, I will be looking for how that’s getting recorded,” Siruguri said. “It is concerning that these decisions are made behind the scenes, almost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walke of the NRDC agreed: “The worst possible outcome is lying to the American people about whether the air they breathe is safe or unsafe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Smoke, Screened: The Clean Air Act’s Dirty Secret is a collaboration of The California Newsroom, MuckRock and the Guardian. Molly Peterson is a reporter for The California Newsroom. Dillon Bergin is a data reporter for MuckRock. Emily Zentner is a data reporter for The California Newsroom. Andrew Witherspoon is a data reporter for \u003c/em>The Guardian\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A major investigation shows local governments are increasingly exploiting a loophole in the Clean Air Act, leaving more than 21 million Americans with air that's dirtier than they realize.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1697414090,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":56,"wordCount":2517},"headData":{"title":"Revealed: How a Little-Known Pollution Rule Keeps the Air Dirty for Millions of Americans | KQED","description":"A major investigation shows local governments are increasingly exploiting a loophole in the Clean Air Act, leaving more than 21 million Americans with air that's dirtier than they realize.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"nprByline":"Molly Peterson, Dillon Bergin, Emily Zentner and Andrew Witherspoon ","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11964317/revealed-how-a-little-known-pollution-rule-keeps-the-air-dirty-for-millions-of-americans","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A legal loophole has allowed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to strike pollution from clean air tallies in more than 70 counties, enabling local regulators to claim the air was cleaner than it really was for more than 21 million Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators have exploited a little-known provision in the Clean Air Act called the “exceptional events rule” to forgive pollution caused by “natural” or “uncontrollable” events — including wildfires — investigation from The California Newsroom, MuckRock and \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em> reveals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-800x809.png\" alt=\"A graph\" width=\"800\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-800x809.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-1020x1032.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2-160x162.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-2.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to obscuring the true health risks of pollution and swerving away from tighter control on local polluters, the rule threatens the potency of the Clean Air Act, experts argue, at a time when the climate crisis is posing an unprecedented challenge to the health of millions of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where the EPA — the U.S. department monitoring air quality — has agreed to exclude bad air days from analysis, “we may have a sort of stable, relatively rosy picture when it comes to our regulatory world in terms of air-quality trends,” said Vijay Limaye, a climate and health epidemiologist at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a nonprofit advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The truth is more complicated, and the air dirtier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The true conditions on the ground in terms of the air that people are breathing in, day after day, week after week, year after year, is increasingly an unhealthy situation,” Limaye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the summer of 2023, more than 20 states so far, from Wyoming to Wisconsin to North Carolina, have flagged air-quality readings that were far higher than normal. Most of these days came in June, as skies in the Midwest and Eastern U.S. were blanketed with Canadian wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We pored over thousands of pages of regulatory documentation, correspondence and contracts, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2023/oct/16/smoke-screened-methodology/\">analyzed hard-to-find public data\u003c/a> to better understand how local regulators make use of the exceptional events rule, as global heating sparks extreme wildfires more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that, since 2016, when the EPA last revised the guidance on exceptional events:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Local regulators in 21 states \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/projects/exceptional-event-demonstrations-215472/\">filed requests with the agency (DOC)\u003c/a> to forgive pollution and, in 20 of those states, had them approved.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In total, local regulators made note of almost 700 exceptional events. The EPA agreed to adjust \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MuckRock/air-quality-exceptional-events\">the data\u003c/a> on 139 of them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The adjustments came in more than 70 counties across 20 states. The affected areas stretched from the forested Oregon coast to the Ohio Rust Belt, from the craggy Rhode Island coastline down to the bayous of Louisiana.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In more than half of the states where exceptional events were forgiven, industry lobbyists and business interests pressed to make that happen, sometimes as the only public voice in the regulatory process. Also, to protect the status quo, some regulators spent millions of taxpayer dollars doing research for and making exceptional events requests, sometimes working hand in hand with industry stakeholders.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meeting air-quality standards matters a lot to industry and politicians. Violations can add up to stricter, more costly and potentially unpopular pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the growing use of the exceptional events rule for wildfires is of deep concern. “You need to level with the public about the number of days when the air quality was unhealthy,” said Eric Schaeffer, a former regulator who directs the Environmental Integrity Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have saved more lives in this country because we cleaned up the air than almost any other environmental policy,” said Michael Wara, the director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. “And that’s what’s being undermined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world has changed,” he said. “We are living in a different world when it comes to wildfire and all of its consequences, including air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to written questions, the EPA said it takes all air pollution seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964351\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of a bridge with two pairs of people walking.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_418-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Highway 49 Bridge over the South Yuba River in Nevada County, California, is a popular area for hikers. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Wildland fire and smoke pose increasing challenges and human health impacts in communities all around the country,” Khanya Brann, an EPA spokesperson, wrote. “EPA works closely with other federal agencies, state and local health departments, tribal nations, and other partners to provide information, tools, and resources to support communities in preparing for, responding to, and reducing health impacts from wildland fire and smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA also pointed to “mitigation plans,” in which air districts that have experienced repeated exceptional events must create plans for educating and notifying the public about the pollution risk, as well as “steps to identify, study, and implement mitigating measures” like limiting use of wood-burning stoves and wetting down unpaved roads before dust storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More ‘toxic soup’ and more paperwork\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., clean-air policy long allowed local governments to write off some wildfire smoke on a case-by-case-basis as “unrealistic to control” or “impractical to fully control.” But in 2005, Republican Senator Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma, who has long denied the climate crisis, won a years-long battle to amend the Clean Air Act. The new rule gave local officials more opportunity to exclude pollution from regulatory consideration for an array of events, from fireworks displays and volcanic eruptions to wildfires and even unusual traffic events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-800x743.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"743\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-800x743.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-1020x948.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3-160x149.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-3.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, the rule was used most successfully in a handful of communities in the Southwest where high winds created a recurring problem of dust pollution. Over time, local regulators have turned to exceptional events for wildfires more and more often to reach air-quality goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our analysis of local and EPA records found that in 2016, air agencies flagged 19 wildfire events as potential exceptional events. In 2018 and 2021, 52 and 50 wildfire events were flagged, respectively. In 2020, 65 were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The uptick in exceptional events is absolutely consistent with what we see in the air pollution data,” said Marshall Burke, an associate professor of global environmental policy at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. Smoke is accounting for a higher proportion of overall air pollution, and it’s going up quickly, Burke said — not just in the Western U.S., but nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-800x533.jpg\" alt='A building with a flag pole and a wooden sign that reads \"Nevada County Consolidated Fire District\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_286-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Nevada County Consolidated Fire District office in Nevada City on Oct. 4, 2023. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan / The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No state is blamed more for smoke pollution than California, followed by Oregon and Canadian provinces, according to our analysis. Western states are more likely to point fingers at each other, while states in the Midwest and Northeast place the blame on Canadian provinces like Alberta and Saskatchewan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is a dirty and complicated polluter. Limaye, of the NRDC, called it a “toxic soup of air pollution.” It carries soot and ash, regulated as particulate pollution, as well as hydrocarbons and other gases that, cooked in sunlight, help form ground-level ozone. It’s a growing concern for public health, both near the source and thousands of miles away. Smoke, especially from a long-burning fire, can travel long distances and linger at dangerous levels for weeks at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyzed data recorded at air monitors nationwide. For every U.S. county, on a day where the EPA excluded any data, we counted that day. Our analysis found that the total number of wildfire-related bad air days erased from regulatory consideration in counties nationwide was nearly double that of bad air days related to high winds: 236 compared to 121.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-800x1101.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1101\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-800x1101.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-1020x1403.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-160x220.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x-1116x1536.png 1116w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/inArticle-620@2x.png 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When wildfire caused air pollution, the rule was applied to more monitor readings over multiple days, not just to exclude particulate pollution but also smog or ozone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a lot of time,” said John Walke, a lawyer for the NRDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One or two violations at a single air monitor can flip an area from meeting air standards to missing the mark, according to Walke. Three or four violations over several years can prompt increasingly strict local pollution controls. “So a lot is riding on one, or two, or three violations,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A smokier future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The recent experience of California’s Nevada county may offer a glimpse of a smokier future. So far, the exceptional events rule has removed 16 days from the record there in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman wearing a plaid shirt stands next to some equipment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_224-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julie Hunter, the interim director of the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District, poses for a photo by a monitor in her district. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ozone levels are rising in the background in this foothill community, according to Julie Hunter, the interim chief for the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District. She said more trucks and warmer temperatures are to blame. More frequently now, she said, wildfire smoke is like a “pancake,” settling flat across the rural valley, stuck until conditions change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one fire in 2021, a thick plume of smoke covered the sun in the town of Grass Valley. “We couldn’t see past down the driveway,” said Dr. Alinea Stevens, the medical director at the Chapa-De Indian Health clinic in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens remembered doctors and nurses moving among patients under the menacing amber skies, N95 masks snug on their faces to protect against COVID-19 — and wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11964365\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-800x450.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-1020x573.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-160x90.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860-1536x864.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/test_showcase-860.png 1793w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over hours, the clinic’s security guards got lightheaded and developed headaches. “We told them, you need to wear N95 masks, too,” Stevens said. “That kind of prolonged exposure to those things was very real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fires in 2018 and 2020, the EPA wiped more than two weeks of ozone pollution in the district from the record. That didn’t get Nevada county all the way to a clean bill of health, but local regulators avoided having to tighten rules on local emissions. Hunter, the local regulator, said her district is likely to seek more exceptional events there, including for fires in the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964366\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-800x534.png\" alt=\"Two men dressed in firefighter uniforms move towards a fire outdoors with the man on the right holding a fire hose.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-800x534.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-1020x681.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-160x107.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-1536x1025.png 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-2048x1367.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Screenshot-2023-10-12-at-5.41.29-PM-1920x1281.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters from Costa Mesa and Huntington Beach battle the Bond Fire in Santiago Canyon on Dec. 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Brian Feinzimer/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we take out wildfire smoke as one of the things that we look at, then we’re not going to be addressing problems that really affect our community here,” said Stevens, who directs the health clinic. The surge of asthma and other health problems from smoke can be overlooked when it happens in a rural community, she said. “I think it’s maybe a way that we don’t put enough attention into fixing something that can be fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at the California Air Resources Board stress that state law works toward mitigating the effects of climate change, and state policies are supposed to minimize the risk of catastrophic fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really are trying to pull out all the stops,” Michael Benjamin, the chief of CARB’s air-quality planning and science division, said. Practically, he added: “We and the air districts in California will continue to take advantage of the exceptional events provisions in the Clean Air Act to try to show attainment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to showing attainment, the stakes are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scrubbing smoke from regulatory accounting allows local governments and business to continue as usual, since the practice obscures the toll wildfires take on public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also ignores the ways that the climate crisis is altering how people decide where to live across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We are all inheriting this’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Maitreyi Siruguri and her husband woke in the night to a sky lit unnaturally orange. They left their Santa Rosa home with their young children in the early hours of the morning; the fire that eventually swirled through went on to kill 22 people and destroy more than 5,600 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, “I was starting to sense the emotional drain, from everyone having to go through this,” she said. She searched the internet with worry about how smoke could harm her children, then 3 and 7 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, they left for the suburbs of Chicago. They could afford to buy a house; the family would be closer to friends and relatives — and further, she hoped, from wildfire and smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in India in the 1980s and 1990s, and working as a climate educator, Siruguri knows very well that there is no escape hatch leading away from environmental problems. “We are all inheriting this, in every part of the world,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A portrait of a woman wearing a reddish-orange sweater with a purple shirt with designs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_63-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alinea Stevens, the medical director at the Chapa-De Indian Health clinic, on Oct. 4, 2023 in Grass Valley. During a fire in 2021, a thick plume of smoke covered the sun in Grass Valley. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wara, of Stanford’s Woods Institute, argues that such an inheritance requires investment. Rather than trying to protect the status quo, he said, governments could make a new cost-benefit analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would not be unreasonable” to boost spending significantly to manage public and private lands to minimize smoke, “something like what we think is reasonable when it comes to coal-fired power plants, which is billions of dollars per year,” he said. “Because the harms that are being created by the smoke are large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, as air quality worsened across Illinois from Canadian fires, Siruguri worried anew in Naperville. On a late July day, when smoke pollution had returned, she brought her child to soccer camp, and asked the camp’s director whether the air was healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964348\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11964348\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An image of a downtown area of a city.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/Copy-of-Guardian_Exceptional_Events_Rule_583-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Downtown Nevada City on Oct. 5, 2023. \u003ccite>(Andri Tambunan/The Guardian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He didn’t have an answer. “He was like, well, we kind of wait till somebody tells us what to do or you make the decision for your child,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siruguri believes the government must work to stop climate change, including by switching energy sources away from fossil fuels. She believes that when officials talk to the public, they should be honest about how smoke is changing air over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard for the general public to know. The next time I see bad air quality, I will be looking for how that’s getting recorded,” Siruguri said. “It is concerning that these decisions are made behind the scenes, almost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walke of the NRDC agreed: “The worst possible outcome is lying to the American people about whether the air they breathe is safe or unsafe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Smoke, Screened: The Clean Air Act’s Dirty Secret is a collaboration of The California Newsroom, MuckRock and the Guardian. Molly Peterson is a reporter for The California Newsroom. Dillon Bergin is a data reporter for MuckRock. Emily Zentner is a data reporter for The California Newsroom. Andrew Witherspoon is a data reporter for \u003c/em>The Guardian\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11964317/revealed-how-a-little-known-pollution-rule-keeps-the-air-dirty-for-millions-of-americans","authors":["byline_news_11964317"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_2036","news_2928","news_21506","news_33329","news_27626","news_31499"],"featImg":"news_11964345","label":"news"},"news_11959651":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11959651","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11959651","score":null,"sort":[1693479603000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-free-app-created-by-a-bay-area-teen-calculates-skin-health-risk-as-california-faces-heat-waves-and-wildfire-smoke","title":"San Francisco Teen Creates a Free App to Calculate Skin Risk Based on Location","publishDate":1693479603,"format":"audio","headTitle":"San Francisco Teen Creates a Free App to Calculate Skin Risk Based on Location | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>India Poetzscher has quantified the environmental risks to the largest organ in the human body. That’s no small feat for a senior attending University High School in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17-year-old created the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/us/app/skinchem/id6447789991\">Skin Chem app\u003c/a>, which gives users a risk score based on their location. This number helps show how environmental conditions, such as sun exposure and air pollution, threaten skin health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are becoming more aware about UV and how that affects your skin, but there are all these other chemicals that I don’t think they’re as aware of,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the UV index, Poetzscher wanted to highlight air pollution and other factors that affect skin health. The app includes a calculator feature that takes into account cigarette smoking, car traffic and daily sunscreen use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I decided to make an app because I feel like it’s very accessible in today’s society,” Poetzscher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has long been interested in skin care. As she learned about chemistry, she noticed certain beauty products have toxic compounds. She then began doing her own research, leading her to pursue an independent study class at school. Thus, the Skin Chem app was born. It won the 2022 Congressional App Challenge for California’s 12th District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SpeakerPelosi/status/1649174665816932352\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Divya Seth, a procedural dermatology fellow at UCSF’s Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Center, said Skin Chem is promising in how it draws on environmental data to give people a snapshot of their risk on a particular day. During her medical training, she studied how the environment affects our skin, and in doing that work, she looked for similar tools. Nothing came close to Skin Chem, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although there are some different tools out there related to other types of environmental exposures, they don’t really come together in a way that directly allows you to figure out how they impact your skin specifically,” Seth said. “I think this app is unique in that it brings together that environmental data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about potential improvements to the app, Seth said while she sees the app as a great first step, she would like to see the technology give people actionable prompts. Right now, users get a risk score and are asked to take precautions — but the app doesn’t tell people to wear sunscreen or put on a hat. “As we think about how UV exposure leads to skin cancer, or how the particulate matter index can lead to different inflammatory skin conditions, I think having those next steps could be really important,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Poetzscher’s project initially began from an interest in personal skin care, the stakes for skin health could be getting higher as the climate crisis intensifies. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/publications/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society-bams/explaining-extreme-events-from-a-climate-perspective/\">report by the American Meteorological Society\u003c/a> found that climate change drove unprecedented heat waves, floods and droughts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, extreme heat has been making headlines in places like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/01/1191238086/phoenix-ends-31-day-streak-of-highs-at-or-above-110-degrees-by-reaching-108#:~:text=Phoenix%20ends%2031%2Dday%20streak,degrees%20%E2%80%94%20by%20reaching%20108%20%3A%20NPR&text=Hourly%20News-,Phoenix%20ends%2031%2Dday%20streak%20of%20highs%20at%20or%20above,Arizona%20and%20into%20California's%20desert.\">Phoenix\u003c/a>, where record-breaking temperatures of more than 110 degrees lasted over a month. The hot weather spread into California, as well, with triple-digit temperatures seen in parts of the Bay and in the Central Valley.[aside tag=\"wildfire, technology\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]Institutions like UCSF are exploring the relationship between skin health and the climate. According to a 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2778632?guestAccessKey=8ae10d43-5a47-49a9-871f-333058452007\">UCSF study\u003c/a>, during the 2018 Camp Fire, which choked the Bay Area in wildfire smoke, health clinics in San Francisco saw an increase in the number of patient visits for eczema. The findings suggest that short-term exposure to hazardous air can be damaging to skin health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Seth, other U.S. research has shown that as pollutants or exposure to different factories in your area increases, there’s an increased risk of different inflammatory skin conditions. Lately, she has been looking into neighborhood disparities. Where you live may determine your propensity to certain skin conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing that I think is powerful about this app is looking at those hyperlocal conditions and understanding how those can change just based on built environment factors,” said Sadie Wilson, senior resilience manager at Greenbelt Alliance, a Bay Area nonprofit climate advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hyperlocal attention — seen in the location-based approach of the Skin Chem app — is key to combating the larger threats emerging from the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we think about climate change, usually in global emissions, all of them are adding up to have these huge shifts in our climate, we don’t often talk about how that results in really local conditions,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This local focus is showing up in the Greenbelt Alliance’s work with the summer launch of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenbelt.org/hotspots/\">Resilience Hotspots Initiative\u003c/a>, which identifies several climate-vulnerable communities — North Richmond shoreline, Suisun City, Newark, southwest Santa Rosa and Gilroy — and how they could benefit from nature-based solutions, or using the natural environment as resilience solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not just understanding a tree for its aesthetic purposes, but really understanding how that plays a role in stormwater capture and heat reduction in air purification,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative’s work in Gilroy and Santa Rosa is geared toward partnerships with local organizations to help respond to heat and wildfire risks while keeping equity in mind. In parts of Santa Rosa and other agriculture-based communities, predominantly Latino farmworker communities face the brunt of working outside in extreme heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said education is a big part of the gap that needs to be filled to help communities of color especially become resilient to climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Organizing and getting involved locally are some of the best ways to make change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Poetzscher, who is part of a new climate-conscious generation, it’s the spirit of outreach that could promote hope in the face of our planet’s biggest crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned so much during this project,” she said. “There’s still a lot of work to be done in terms of spreading awareness about this issue. But I think it’s better than before and it’s improving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Watt interviewed India Poetzscher. Listen to the audio \u003ca href=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a717d537-56e0-46c2-842c-b06d0111e106/audio.mp3\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Skin Chem app, winner of the 2022 Congressional App Challenge in San Francisco County, aims to raise skin health awareness. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1693444500,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1074},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Teen Creates a Free App to Calculate Skin Risk Based on Location | KQED","description":"The Skin Chem app, winner of the 2022 Congressional App Challenge in San Francisco County, aims to raise skin health awareness. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a717d537-56e0-46c2-842c-b06d0111e106/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11959651/this-free-app-created-by-a-bay-area-teen-calculates-skin-health-risk-as-california-faces-heat-waves-and-wildfire-smoke","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>India Poetzscher has quantified the environmental risks to the largest organ in the human body. That’s no small feat for a senior attending University High School in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17-year-old created the \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/us/app/skinchem/id6447789991\">Skin Chem app\u003c/a>, which gives users a risk score based on their location. This number helps show how environmental conditions, such as sun exposure and air pollution, threaten skin health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are becoming more aware about UV and how that affects your skin, but there are all these other chemicals that I don’t think they’re as aware of,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the UV index, Poetzscher wanted to highlight air pollution and other factors that affect skin health. The app includes a calculator feature that takes into account cigarette smoking, car traffic and daily sunscreen use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I decided to make an app because I feel like it’s very accessible in today’s society,” Poetzscher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has long been interested in skin care. As she learned about chemistry, she noticed certain beauty products have toxic compounds. She then began doing her own research, leading her to pursue an independent study class at school. Thus, the Skin Chem app was born. It won the 2022 Congressional App Challenge for California’s 12th District.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1649174665816932352"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Dr. Divya Seth, a procedural dermatology fellow at UCSF’s Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Center, said Skin Chem is promising in how it draws on environmental data to give people a snapshot of their risk on a particular day. During her medical training, she studied how the environment affects our skin, and in doing that work, she looked for similar tools. Nothing came close to Skin Chem, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although there are some different tools out there related to other types of environmental exposures, they don’t really come together in a way that directly allows you to figure out how they impact your skin specifically,” Seth said. “I think this app is unique in that it brings together that environmental data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about potential improvements to the app, Seth said while she sees the app as a great first step, she would like to see the technology give people actionable prompts. Right now, users get a risk score and are asked to take precautions — but the app doesn’t tell people to wear sunscreen or put on a hat. “As we think about how UV exposure leads to skin cancer, or how the particulate matter index can lead to different inflammatory skin conditions, I think having those next steps could be really important,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Poetzscher’s project initially began from an interest in personal skin care, the stakes for skin health could be getting higher as the climate crisis intensifies. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/publications/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society-bams/explaining-extreme-events-from-a-climate-perspective/\">report by the American Meteorological Society\u003c/a> found that climate change drove unprecedented heat waves, floods and droughts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, extreme heat has been making headlines in places like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/01/1191238086/phoenix-ends-31-day-streak-of-highs-at-or-above-110-degrees-by-reaching-108#:~:text=Phoenix%20ends%2031%2Dday%20streak,degrees%20%E2%80%94%20by%20reaching%20108%20%3A%20NPR&text=Hourly%20News-,Phoenix%20ends%2031%2Dday%20streak%20of%20highs%20at%20or%20above,Arizona%20and%20into%20California's%20desert.\">Phoenix\u003c/a>, where record-breaking temperatures of more than 110 degrees lasted over a month. The hot weather spread into California, as well, with triple-digit temperatures seen in parts of the Bay and in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"wildfire, technology","label":"More Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Institutions like UCSF are exploring the relationship between skin health and the climate. According to a 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2778632?guestAccessKey=8ae10d43-5a47-49a9-871f-333058452007\">UCSF study\u003c/a>, during the 2018 Camp Fire, which choked the Bay Area in wildfire smoke, health clinics in San Francisco saw an increase in the number of patient visits for eczema. The findings suggest that short-term exposure to hazardous air can be damaging to skin health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Seth, other U.S. research has shown that as pollutants or exposure to different factories in your area increases, there’s an increased risk of different inflammatory skin conditions. Lately, she has been looking into neighborhood disparities. Where you live may determine your propensity to certain skin conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing that I think is powerful about this app is looking at those hyperlocal conditions and understanding how those can change just based on built environment factors,” said Sadie Wilson, senior resilience manager at Greenbelt Alliance, a Bay Area nonprofit climate advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hyperlocal attention — seen in the location-based approach of the Skin Chem app — is key to combating the larger threats emerging from the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we think about climate change, usually in global emissions, all of them are adding up to have these huge shifts in our climate, we don’t often talk about how that results in really local conditions,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This local focus is showing up in the Greenbelt Alliance’s work with the summer launch of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenbelt.org/hotspots/\">Resilience Hotspots Initiative\u003c/a>, which identifies several climate-vulnerable communities — North Richmond shoreline, Suisun City, Newark, southwest Santa Rosa and Gilroy — and how they could benefit from nature-based solutions, or using the natural environment as resilience solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not just understanding a tree for its aesthetic purposes, but really understanding how that plays a role in stormwater capture and heat reduction in air purification,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative’s work in Gilroy and Santa Rosa is geared toward partnerships with local organizations to help respond to heat and wildfire risks while keeping equity in mind. In parts of Santa Rosa and other agriculture-based communities, predominantly Latino farmworker communities face the brunt of working outside in extreme heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said education is a big part of the gap that needs to be filled to help communities of color especially become resilient to climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Organizing and getting involved locally are some of the best ways to make change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Poetzscher, who is part of a new climate-conscious generation, it’s the spirit of outreach that could promote hope in the face of our planet’s biggest crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I learned so much during this project,” she said. “There’s still a lot of work to be done in terms of spreading awareness about this issue. But I think it’s better than before and it’s improving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Watt interviewed India Poetzscher. Listen to the audio \u003ca href=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a717d537-56e0-46c2-842c-b06d0111e106/audio.mp3\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11959651/this-free-app-created-by-a-bay-area-teen-calculates-skin-health-risk-as-california-faces-heat-waves-and-wildfire-smoke","authors":["11724"],"categories":["news_19906","news_28250","news_8","news_356","news_248"],"tags":["news_2036","news_31570","news_33114","news_33116","news_33115","news_33117","news_33118","news_29851"],"featImg":"news_11959581","label":"news"},"news_11952517":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11952517","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11952517","score":null,"sort":[1686267342000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"martinez-refinery-chemical-release-poses-no-long-term-hazard-tests-find","title":"Martinez Refinery's Chemical Release Poses No Long-Term Hazard, Tests Find","publishDate":1686267342,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Martinez Refinery’s Chemical Release Poses No Long-Term Hazard, Tests Find | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:10 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County health officials announced Thursday that soil testing conducted in the months after a Martinez oil refinery released nearly 50,000 pounds of powdered industrial chemicals last November has found no long-term health risks to residents in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Health Officer Dr. Ori Tzvieli said the county is immediately lifting \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/press-releases/2023/0307-Safety-Advice-Near-Martinez-Refinery-Health-Advisory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a March 7 advisory (PDF)\u003c/a> that recommended residents refrain from consuming fruits and vegetables grown in soil that had received fallout from the Martinez Refining Company’s release. The refinery company is owned and operated by PBF Energy, based in Parsippany, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tzvieli said the soil testing and an associated risk assessment “confirms that the primary health risk from the spent catalyst release occurred in the initial hours and days after the refinery release.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soil-testing results were released to \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/hazmat/mrc/\">a community oversight committee\u003c/a> formed after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101892741/martinez-residents-seek-answers-on-toxic-refinery-release\">releases\u003c/a>, which occurred last Nov. 24–25, on Thanksgiving and the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tzvieli added during a media briefing that followed the committee meeting that because PBF failed to immediately notify officials about the release, questions remain about what health effects residents might experience because of their exposure to the toxic dust immediately after it settled on their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We weren’t able to do measurement in real time because we didn’t know this was going on until several days later,” Tzvieli said. “So had we been able to do measurement in real time, we would have been able to look at concentrations — what was in the air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the heavy metals in the dust, such as nickel, pose health concerns, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of those can have effects on the immune system, some of these metals can be carcinogenic. So it is a concerning incident,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, he added, the inability to measure the November release as it was occurring makes it hard to distinguish the hazard the incident posed from the impact of ongoing refinery emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s why it’s hard to give people specific information about the risks that stemmed from this particular release,” Tzvieli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consultants hired by the county analyzed soil samples from 14 sites stretching from El Sobrante to Benicia for more than a dozen metals that may have been associated with the release of 24 tons of refinery dust — material described as “spent catalyst” used in the refining process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results for most of the heavy metals the samples were analyzed for, including aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc and chromium, all came back both within an expected regional background range and below residential health limits set by the state Department of Toxic Substances Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Phillips, a toxicologist employed by consultant TRC, reported that samples of arsenic and lead were close to or exceeded state health limits at a handful of sites. But she added that the higher levels of those two toxic metals were probably unrelated to last November’s refinery release. TRC’s report will be made available to the public sometime in the next two weeks, and it will be open for comment for 45 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tony Semenza, Martinez resident and member of the oversight committee\"]‘One hundred ninety-four days after the release, we are now at the point where we’re telling people it’s OK to eat the fresh fruits and vegetables. The process is flawed.’[/pullquote]Matt Kaufmann, Contra Costa County’s deputy health director, emphasized that the investigation of the Martinez incident is far from over. The county has hired a consultant to perform an independent root cause analysis of the release, and county prosecutors are weighing potential charges against the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaufmann criticized the refining company for failing to immediately notify local officials when the incident occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test results released Thursday “do not excuse the Martinez Refining Company for the lack of notification at the onset of this incident,” he said. “The lack of timely notification negated our ability as health officials to protect our community, including those most vulnerable, namely the medically compromised, the elderly and the children within our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PBF Energy spokesperson Brandon Matson said the company was “pleased” the county had released the soil-testing analysis and lifted its health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results are in line with our initial statements about the material,” Matson said. He also offered the latest in a string of apologies the company has offered to Martinez residents, saying the company has investigated the release, has identified corrective actions and is committed to implementing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Semenza, a Martinez resident serving on the oversight committee, expressed frustration that it has taken so long to assess the hazard posed by the releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hundred ninety-four days after the release, we are now at the point where we’re telling people it’s OK to eat the fresh fruits and vegetables,” Semenza said. “The process is flawed. This should have been done much quicker, a while ago. … I’m upset with the way the process works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Refinery Coverage' postID=news_11947977]The test results come less than two weeks after the FBI confirmed it has launched a joint investigation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency into the Martinez plant’s spent catalyst release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the refinery accountability group \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthymartinez.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Healthy Martinez\u003c/a> welcomed the largely reassuring test results, but expressed continuing misgivings about PBF and the refinery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m grateful that the Thanksgiving release no longer poses serious danger and that Contra Costa Health has demonstrated leadership in this process, but I still don’t trust the refinery that didn’t report it,” said Martinez resident group member Jillian Elliott. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s results are only one piece of the larger issue,” said Heidi Taylor, a longtime Martinez resident and Healthy Martinez member. “It doesn’t change the fact that this oil refinery dumped toxic metals on our community (and) didn’t report it to county health.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healthy Martinez has also called on PBF to install improved emissions control and air monitoring equipment at the refinery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FBI agents and EPA personnel have gone door to door asking residents about their experience during and after the incident. The probe also has included circulation of an online survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez resident Wendy Ke said representatives from both federal agencies approached her late last month and asked a series of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was primarily, ‘Do you have photos, do you have videos, do you have factual documentation? Did you touch the spent catalyst? Did you see it?’” Ke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the morning after Thanksgiving, her neighborhood was coated with what looked like ash, as if there had been a major wildfire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it did look a little bit different,” she said. “It didn’t have a light-weight ash to it, like flaky ash. It seemed a little more sticky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same morning, resident Zachary Taylor found his neighborhood covered in dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a consistent coating across everything, almost like a snowfall, like a light dusting, but then we go out across the street and absolutely everything is covered with it,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952523\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060723-MARTINEZ-DUST-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A fine white powder collected on the edges and near the windshield wiper of a car shown in close detail.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060723-MARTINEZ-DUST-KQED.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060723-MARTINEZ-DUST-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Refinery dust known as ‘spent catalyst’ from the PBF Energy plant sits on a car windshield in Martinez in late November 2022. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Anna Encarnacion)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Refinery catalyst is a powdered chemical compound used in the process of breaking down crude petroleum into products like gasoline. Spent catalyst is the material left over after the high-temperature refining process and contains a mix of potentially hazardous components.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Thursday’s test results were released, county health officials told Martinez residents that \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/MRC-Catalyst-Release-FAQs.pdf\">the dust that coated homes, vehicles, lawns, gardens and a nearby schoolyard included heavy metals (PDF)\u003c/a>, including aluminum, chromium, nickel, vanadium and zinc. The county health department said there could have been short-term respiratory problems from breathing in the dust right after the incident, and that potential long-term health impacts would depend on each person’s exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County hired TRC, a Connecticut-based consulting and engineering firm, to take \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/mrc/pdf/Proposed-Sample-Locations-2023-0427.pdf\">soil samples in 14 locations (PDF)\u003c/a> from El Sobrante to Martinez to Benicia. Those locations were chosen after local air regulators \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/1867499/Martinez-City-Meeting-MRC_Incident_Slides-v5.pdf\">mapped fallout from the release (PDF)\u003c/a>. Crews began collecting samples in May. Health officials say the samples were taken to a lab to see which health risks they might pose through touching, inhaling or consuming food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, months after the refinery accident, \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/press-releases/2023/0307-Safety-Advice-Near-Martinez-Refinery-Health-Advisory.pdf\">the health department urged residents to refrain from eating food grown in soil that might contain the refinery dust (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also asked local prosecutors to file charges against PBF Energy. That request is under review, according to Ted Asregadoo, a Contra Costa County District Attorney spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asregadoo said the office is investigating whether PBF violated the law by failing to report an actual or threatened hazardous material release to county officials and whether the company made illegal discharges into the county stormwater system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials have emphasized that \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/press-releases/2022/1130-Hazardous-Materials-Release-at-Martinez-Oil-Refinery.php\">they learned about the releases not from the refinery but instead from residents\u003c/a>. The refinery initially told residents that its testing suggested the release consisted of only nontoxic material. The company also offered free carwash vouchers to Martinez residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/incident-reports/2022/updated-incident-report-pbf-mrc-120922-draft-eg-pdf.pdf?la=en&rev=26aa2da8823e4d11b06437a9be2e9717\">the release was caused by a malfunction (PDF)\u003c/a> within the refinery’s fluid catalytic cracking unit. The air district has issued 21 notices of violation against PBF in connection with the November release and continues to investigate the incident, according to district spokesperson Ralph Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF representatives have apologized for the releases, noting the company has cooperated with regulators and made changes to prevent a repeat of the Thanksgiving incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, some refinery neighbors say their sense of safety has been shattered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point I feel very uncertain about what I’m breathing, knowing what the potential is for release on a daily basis,” said Ke, who has lived in Martinez for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"November 2022 incident spread nearly 50,000 pounds of powdered industrial chemicals over town, alarming residents and prompting advisory to avoid consuming food grown in soil affected by fallout. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1686334325,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":1744},"headData":{"title":"Martinez Refinery's Chemical Release Poses No Long-Term Hazard, Tests Find | KQED","description":"November 2022 incident spread nearly 50,000 pounds of powdered industrial chemicals over town, alarming residents and prompting advisory to avoid consuming food grown in soil affected by fallout. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"WpOldSlug":"martinez-refinerys-dust-release-poses-no-long-term-hazard-tests-find","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11952517/martinez-refinery-chemical-release-poses-no-long-term-hazard-tests-find","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:10 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County health officials announced Thursday that soil testing conducted in the months after a Martinez oil refinery released nearly 50,000 pounds of powdered industrial chemicals last November has found no long-term health risks to residents in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Health Officer Dr. Ori Tzvieli said the county is immediately lifting \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/press-releases/2023/0307-Safety-Advice-Near-Martinez-Refinery-Health-Advisory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a March 7 advisory (PDF)\u003c/a> that recommended residents refrain from consuming fruits and vegetables grown in soil that had received fallout from the Martinez Refining Company’s release. The refinery company is owned and operated by PBF Energy, based in Parsippany, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tzvieli said the soil testing and an associated risk assessment “confirms that the primary health risk from the spent catalyst release occurred in the initial hours and days after the refinery release.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soil-testing results were released to \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/hazmat/mrc/\">a community oversight committee\u003c/a> formed after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101892741/martinez-residents-seek-answers-on-toxic-refinery-release\">releases\u003c/a>, which occurred last Nov. 24–25, on Thanksgiving and the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tzvieli added during a media briefing that followed the committee meeting that because PBF failed to immediately notify officials about the release, questions remain about what health effects residents might experience because of their exposure to the toxic dust immediately after it settled on their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We weren’t able to do measurement in real time because we didn’t know this was going on until several days later,” Tzvieli said. “So had we been able to do measurement in real time, we would have been able to look at concentrations — what was in the air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the heavy metals in the dust, such as nickel, pose health concerns, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of those can have effects on the immune system, some of these metals can be carcinogenic. So it is a concerning incident,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, he added, the inability to measure the November release as it was occurring makes it hard to distinguish the hazard the incident posed from the impact of ongoing refinery emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s why it’s hard to give people specific information about the risks that stemmed from this particular release,” Tzvieli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consultants hired by the county analyzed soil samples from 14 sites stretching from El Sobrante to Benicia for more than a dozen metals that may have been associated with the release of 24 tons of refinery dust — material described as “spent catalyst” used in the refining process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results for most of the heavy metals the samples were analyzed for, including aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc and chromium, all came back both within an expected regional background range and below residential health limits set by the state Department of Toxic Substances Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Phillips, a toxicologist employed by consultant TRC, reported that samples of arsenic and lead were close to or exceeded state health limits at a handful of sites. But she added that the higher levels of those two toxic metals were probably unrelated to last November’s refinery release. TRC’s report will be made available to the public sometime in the next two weeks, and it will be open for comment for 45 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘One hundred ninety-four days after the release, we are now at the point where we’re telling people it’s OK to eat the fresh fruits and vegetables. The process is flawed.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Tony Semenza, Martinez resident and member of the oversight committee","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Matt Kaufmann, Contra Costa County’s deputy health director, emphasized that the investigation of the Martinez incident is far from over. The county has hired a consultant to perform an independent root cause analysis of the release, and county prosecutors are weighing potential charges against the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaufmann criticized the refining company for failing to immediately notify local officials when the incident occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test results released Thursday “do not excuse the Martinez Refining Company for the lack of notification at the onset of this incident,” he said. “The lack of timely notification negated our ability as health officials to protect our community, including those most vulnerable, namely the medically compromised, the elderly and the children within our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PBF Energy spokesperson Brandon Matson said the company was “pleased” the county had released the soil-testing analysis and lifted its health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results are in line with our initial statements about the material,” Matson said. He also offered the latest in a string of apologies the company has offered to Martinez residents, saying the company has investigated the release, has identified corrective actions and is committed to implementing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Semenza, a Martinez resident serving on the oversight committee, expressed frustration that it has taken so long to assess the hazard posed by the releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One hundred ninety-four days after the release, we are now at the point where we’re telling people it’s OK to eat the fresh fruits and vegetables,” Semenza said. “The process is flawed. This should have been done much quicker, a while ago. … I’m upset with the way the process works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More Refinery Coverage ","postid":"news_11947977"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The test results come less than two weeks after the FBI confirmed it has launched a joint investigation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency into the Martinez plant’s spent catalyst release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the refinery accountability group \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthymartinez.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Healthy Martinez\u003c/a> welcomed the largely reassuring test results, but expressed continuing misgivings about PBF and the refinery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m grateful that the Thanksgiving release no longer poses serious danger and that Contra Costa Health has demonstrated leadership in this process, but I still don’t trust the refinery that didn’t report it,” said Martinez resident group member Jillian Elliott. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s results are only one piece of the larger issue,” said Heidi Taylor, a longtime Martinez resident and Healthy Martinez member. “It doesn’t change the fact that this oil refinery dumped toxic metals on our community (and) didn’t report it to county health.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Healthy Martinez has also called on PBF to install improved emissions control and air monitoring equipment at the refinery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FBI agents and EPA personnel have gone door to door asking residents about their experience during and after the incident. The probe also has included circulation of an online survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez resident Wendy Ke said representatives from both federal agencies approached her late last month and asked a series of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was primarily, ‘Do you have photos, do you have videos, do you have factual documentation? Did you touch the spent catalyst? Did you see it?’” Ke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the morning after Thanksgiving, her neighborhood was coated with what looked like ash, as if there had been a major wildfire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it did look a little bit different,” she said. “It didn’t have a light-weight ash to it, like flaky ash. It seemed a little more sticky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same morning, resident Zachary Taylor found his neighborhood covered in dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a consistent coating across everything, almost like a snowfall, like a light dusting, but then we go out across the street and absolutely everything is covered with it,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952523\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11952523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060723-MARTINEZ-DUST-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A fine white powder collected on the edges and near the windshield wiper of a car shown in close detail.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060723-MARTINEZ-DUST-KQED.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060723-MARTINEZ-DUST-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Refinery dust known as ‘spent catalyst’ from the PBF Energy plant sits on a car windshield in Martinez in late November 2022. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Anna Encarnacion)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Refinery catalyst is a powdered chemical compound used in the process of breaking down crude petroleum into products like gasoline. Spent catalyst is the material left over after the high-temperature refining process and contains a mix of potentially hazardous components.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Thursday’s test results were released, county health officials told Martinez residents that \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/MRC-Catalyst-Release-FAQs.pdf\">the dust that coated homes, vehicles, lawns, gardens and a nearby schoolyard included heavy metals (PDF)\u003c/a>, including aluminum, chromium, nickel, vanadium and zinc. The county health department said there could have been short-term respiratory problems from breathing in the dust right after the incident, and that potential long-term health impacts would depend on each person’s exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County hired TRC, a Connecticut-based consulting and engineering firm, to take \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/mrc/pdf/Proposed-Sample-Locations-2023-0427.pdf\">soil samples in 14 locations (PDF)\u003c/a> from El Sobrante to Martinez to Benicia. Those locations were chosen after local air regulators \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/1867499/Martinez-City-Meeting-MRC_Incident_Slides-v5.pdf\">mapped fallout from the release (PDF)\u003c/a>. Crews began collecting samples in May. Health officials say the samples were taken to a lab to see which health risks they might pose through touching, inhaling or consuming food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, months after the refinery accident, \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/press-releases/2023/0307-Safety-Advice-Near-Martinez-Refinery-Health-Advisory.pdf\">the health department urged residents to refrain from eating food grown in soil that might contain the refinery dust (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department also asked local prosecutors to file charges against PBF Energy. That request is under review, according to Ted Asregadoo, a Contra Costa County District Attorney spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asregadoo said the office is investigating whether PBF violated the law by failing to report an actual or threatened hazardous material release to county officials and whether the company made illegal discharges into the county stormwater system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials have emphasized that \u003ca href=\"https://ccc.cchealth.org/press-releases/2022/1130-Hazardous-Materials-Release-at-Martinez-Oil-Refinery.php\">they learned about the releases not from the refinery but instead from residents\u003c/a>. The refinery initially told residents that its testing suggested the release consisted of only nontoxic material. The company also offered free carwash vouchers to Martinez residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/incident-reports/2022/updated-incident-report-pbf-mrc-120922-draft-eg-pdf.pdf?la=en&rev=26aa2da8823e4d11b06437a9be2e9717\">the release was caused by a malfunction (PDF)\u003c/a> within the refinery’s fluid catalytic cracking unit. The air district has issued 21 notices of violation against PBF in connection with the November release and continues to investigate the incident, according to district spokesperson Ralph Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF representatives have apologized for the releases, noting the company has cooperated with regulators and made changes to prevent a repeat of the Thanksgiving incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, some refinery neighbors say their sense of safety has been shattered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point I feel very uncertain about what I’m breathing, knowing what the potential is for release on a daily basis,” said Ke, who has lived in Martinez for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11952517/martinez-refinery-chemical-release-poses-no-long-term-hazard-tests-find","authors":["258","222"],"categories":["news_19906","news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_2036","news_20389","news_20023","news_18543","news_227","news_20455","news_21107","news_226","news_29527","news_2920","news_26179","news_2919"],"featImg":"news_11952522","label":"news"},"news_11951866":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11951866","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11951866","score":null,"sort":[1685613605000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"are-zero-emissions-vehicles-making-a-dent-in-californias-air-pollution","title":"Are Zero-Emission Vehicles Making a Dent in California's Air Pollution?","publishDate":1685613605,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Are Zero-Emission Vehicles Making a Dent in California’s Air Pollution? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3MDo218\">Read a transcript of this episode.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> listener Scott Mitchell got his first electric vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exciting for him — not just because he got a shiny new car, but because he now felt part of the bigger social project of creating a fleet of zero-emission vehicles on the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I equate it to when we switched from horse-drawn carriages to internal combustion engine cars. It’s that big of a revolution and it’s happening,” said Mitchell, a chemist living in San Carlos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But simultaneously, Mitchell, an outdoorsy kind of guy, says he regularly gets grossed out looking at the air quality on hot summer days. He runs a trail in the Rancho San Antonio hills near Los Altos, and says the view from the top can be brown and smoggy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get to the very top of the ridge, and you’re thinking you’ll see the skyline of San José. Instead, you see this smudgy view of the city that’s kind of blurry, and just looks gross,” said Mitchell. [baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell wants to know just how quickly California has absorbed zero-emission cars, and whether it’s significant enough to make a tangible difference in air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should take some pride in that and celebrate it if we’re doing good,” said Mitchell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the fossil fuel-free car trend, there’s no question there’s been exponential growth in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, there were fewer than 800 zero-emission consumer vehicles on California roads, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics/light-duty-vehicle\">this dashboard put out by the California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of last year, the number of zero-emission vehicles Californians used in their everyday lives shot up to more than 1.1 million. And that’s not even counting gasoline hybrid cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the counties with the highest number of zero-emission cars are the more urban ones; Los Angeles County has the most, then Orange County, then San Diego and the Bay Area counties of Santa Clara and Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now time for a little math. There are about 29 million cars on California roads right now, and only 1.1 million of them are zero-emission vehicles. Is that enough to clean up the air?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a big-picture perspective, yes,” said Michael Benjamin, chief of air quality planning and science at the California Air Resources Board, or CARB, the state agency that tracks these things. “The sale of electric vehicles in California, which is increasing, is contributing to improvements in air quality that we’re seeing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 20 years, the air quality in the Bay Area and statewide has improved. CARB data shows a clear downward trend in the number of days where air quality has exceeded limits set by the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask people in Southern California who have lived there for 20 or 30 years or longer, ‘Could you see the mountains 20 years ago?,’ the answer would be no. Now it’s very common to see the mountains. And that’s a really good indicator of air pollution,” said Benjamin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to CARB, the improvements are in the two main kinds of pollution: ozone and particulate matter. Ozone is a main component in smog, and it can cause respiratory problems in people who live where pollution is high. Small-particle pollution comes from dust, soot and smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in the year 2000 in the Bay Area, there were 29 days where particle pollution exceeded standards. In 2021, there were just two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the improvements in the Bay Area have been more significant than in the state as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to how much zero-emission cars have contributed to those air improvements, CARB says it’s hard to quantify, but in the Bay Area, it could be about 3% to 4%. Those numbers may sound low, but Benjamin says they’re sure to grow as more people phase out combustion engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicle emissions are just one piece of a larger air-quality puzzle. There are hundreds of sources of air pollution, such as lawnmowers, factories and trucks — and they’re also much cleaner than they used to be, according to the state air resources agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as usual with science, air quality is complex, and there’s a lot of variability year to year, so that downward trend in bad air days is not a straight line. With recent large wildfires in California, the number of bad air days has crept back up in certain years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in 2020 in the Bay Area, there were 25 days where particle pollution exceeded standards, and that year, according to CARB, was the worst wildfire year in California history. Those levels put us right back to the pollution we were seeing 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951886\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11951886\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The deep, dark orange glow of thick smoke surrounds an urban skyline. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the San Francisco skyline from Dolores Park in San Francisco on Sept. 9, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Air quality is also very much related to where we are in space on a particular day, and to meteorological conditions. The air we breathe is different if we are standing near a highway or in a park. And weather conditions such as wind, rain and sunlight affect air quality, not just sources of pollution like car exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Benjamin said there is reason to celebrate ways clean air efforts have been successful, but there’s still a lot more work to do to address the inequalities people experience with pollution on a neighborhood level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says wildfires, which have been getting bigger and more frequent, really put us in danger of reversing the air quality improvements we’ve made in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very happy with the improvements that we’ve seen over time in regional air pollution. But our job is only half done,” he said. “We need to transition again away from fossil fuel combustion as quickly as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Zero-emission vehicles have become much more popular over the last decade. How much have they done to improve air quality?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708468135,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1039},"headData":{"title":"Are Zero-Emission Vehicles Making a Dent in California's Air Pollution? | KQED","description":"Zero-emission vehicles have become much more popular over the last decade. How much have they done to improve air quality?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC8987379119.mp3?updated=1685574563","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11951866/are-zero-emissions-vehicles-making-a-dent-in-californias-air-pollution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3MDo218\">Read a transcript of this episode.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> listener Scott Mitchell got his first electric vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exciting for him — not just because he got a shiny new car, but because he now felt part of the bigger social project of creating a fleet of zero-emission vehicles on the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I equate it to when we switched from horse-drawn carriages to internal combustion engine cars. It’s that big of a revolution and it’s happening,” said Mitchell, a chemist living in San Carlos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But simultaneously, Mitchell, an outdoorsy kind of guy, says he regularly gets grossed out looking at the air quality on hot summer days. He runs a trail in the Rancho San Antonio hills near Los Altos, and says the view from the top can be brown and smoggy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get to the very top of the ridge, and you’re thinking you’ll see the skyline of San José. Instead, you see this smudgy view of the city that’s kind of blurry, and just looks gross,” said Mitchell. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell wants to know just how quickly California has absorbed zero-emission cars, and whether it’s significant enough to make a tangible difference in air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should take some pride in that and celebrate it if we’re doing good,” said Mitchell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as the fossil fuel-free car trend, there’s no question there’s been exponential growth in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, there were fewer than 800 zero-emission consumer vehicles on California roads, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics/light-duty-vehicle\">this dashboard put out by the California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of last year, the number of zero-emission vehicles Californians used in their everyday lives shot up to more than 1.1 million. And that’s not even counting gasoline hybrid cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the counties with the highest number of zero-emission cars are the more urban ones; Los Angeles County has the most, then Orange County, then San Diego and the Bay Area counties of Santa Clara and Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now time for a little math. There are about 29 million cars on California roads right now, and only 1.1 million of them are zero-emission vehicles. Is that enough to clean up the air?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a big-picture perspective, yes,” said Michael Benjamin, chief of air quality planning and science at the California Air Resources Board, or CARB, the state agency that tracks these things. “The sale of electric vehicles in California, which is increasing, is contributing to improvements in air quality that we’re seeing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 20 years, the air quality in the Bay Area and statewide has improved. CARB data shows a clear downward trend in the number of days where air quality has exceeded limits set by the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask people in Southern California who have lived there for 20 or 30 years or longer, ‘Could you see the mountains 20 years ago?,’ the answer would be no. Now it’s very common to see the mountains. And that’s a really good indicator of air pollution,” said Benjamin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to CARB, the improvements are in the two main kinds of pollution: ozone and particulate matter. Ozone is a main component in smog, and it can cause respiratory problems in people who live where pollution is high. Small-particle pollution comes from dust, soot and smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in the year 2000 in the Bay Area, there were 29 days where particle pollution exceeded standards. In 2021, there were just two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On average, the improvements in the Bay Area have been more significant than in the state as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to how much zero-emission cars have contributed to those air improvements, CARB says it’s hard to quantify, but in the Bay Area, it could be about 3% to 4%. Those numbers may sound low, but Benjamin says they’re sure to grow as more people phase out combustion engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicle emissions are just one piece of a larger air-quality puzzle. There are hundreds of sources of air pollution, such as lawnmowers, factories and trucks — and they’re also much cleaner than they used to be, according to the state air resources agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as usual with science, air quality is complex, and there’s a lot of variability year to year, so that downward trend in bad air days is not a straight line. With recent large wildfires in California, the number of bad air days has crept back up in certain years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in 2020 in the Bay Area, there were 25 days where particle pollution exceeded standards, and that year, according to CARB, was the worst wildfire year in California history. Those levels put us right back to the pollution we were seeing 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951886\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11951886\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The deep, dark orange glow of thick smoke surrounds an urban skyline. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS44792_006_KQED_SanFrancisco_OrangeSky_09092020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the San Francisco skyline from Dolores Park in San Francisco on Sept. 9, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Air quality is also very much related to where we are in space on a particular day, and to meteorological conditions. The air we breathe is different if we are standing near a highway or in a park. And weather conditions such as wind, rain and sunlight affect air quality, not just sources of pollution like car exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Benjamin said there is reason to celebrate ways clean air efforts have been successful, but there’s still a lot more work to do to address the inequalities people experience with pollution on a neighborhood level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says wildfires, which have been getting bigger and more frequent, really put us in danger of reversing the air quality improvements we’ve made in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very happy with the improvements that we’ve seen over time in regional air pollution. But our job is only half done,” he said. “We need to transition again away from fossil fuel combustion as quickly as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11951866/are-zero-emissions-vehicles-making-a-dent-in-californias-air-pollution","authors":["11879"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_2036","news_2928","news_21693","news_30766"],"featImg":"news_11951887","label":"source_news_11951866"},"news_11950351":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11950351","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11950351","score":null,"sort":[1684846846000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-wildfire-smoke-worsens-public-health-government-watchdog-calls-epa-response-ad-hoc","title":"As Wildfire Smoke Worsens Public Health, Government Watchdog Calls EPA Response ‘Ad Hoc’","publishDate":1684846846,"format":"standard","headTitle":"As Wildfire Smoke Worsens Public Health, Government Watchdog Calls EPA Response ‘Ad Hoc’ | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A new father drove home from the hospital in downtown Modesto, scared — not by having a newborn baby, but by smoke-filled, “apocalyptic-looking skies.” Tom Helme couldn’t see past the next stoplight on the flat, straight road ahead. On that fall day in 2017, it was dark, he said, “like if a nuclear bomb went off, or something blocked the sun.” The San Joaquin Valley was already years into what regulators now say is a downward slide in air quality, choked by smoke from frequent wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent report, the U.S. Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, concluded that the Environmental Protection Agency’s response to wildfire smoke is “ad hoc,” poorly resourced and muddled by a lack of coordination with other agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#howwildfiresmokeimpactsyou\">How has wildfire smoke impacted your life? Let us know\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Meredith Bauer, assistant director for the air and radiation division, Environmental Protection Agency\"]‘If pollution is created by people and it’s controllable, that’s what we want to manage.’[/pullquote]“You could ask anybody working on wildfire smoke and the answer is no, we’re not doing enough,” said Meredith Bauer, assistant director for the air and radiation division in EPA Region 9, which includes California. “Not yet. Not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three decades, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MuckRock/gao-wildfire-exceptions\">the number of acres burned by wildfire\u003c/a> has grown, spewing smoke across California and the country. The new GAO report highlights how a loophole in the Clean Air Act permits the EPA to erase pollution — not from the sky, but from the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool for erasing some of the worst air-pollution days is called the “exceptional events” rule — a legal pathway that allows local regulators to make a case that air pollution from “natural” wildfires shouldn’t count against their federal air quality goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local regulators who seek to designate wildfires as exceptional events say doing so sets off a complex, burdensome process that is nonetheless essential to avoid slipping further away from meeting air quality standards — even if removing wildfire smoke from the record doesn’t actually clean up the air. According to the GAO, federal \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MuckRock/gao-wildfire-exceptions\">regulators have granted such requests more often\u003c/a> over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Modesto, Helme first heard about exceptional events more than a year before his son’s birth, as a member of an environmental justice advisory group that meets with regulators. Officials at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District had explained to the group that federal law permitted communities to avoid tighter regulation when pollution is “outside the control of the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helme says that at that meeting, he wondered out loud whether smoke from fires was going to become the norm. “Do you picture a time when it’s not going to be considered exceptional because it happens every single year?” he asked. “And what are our options with that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://felt.com/embed/map/Wildfires-by-decade-1980-2021-QBFznerjRpK6BWnGzY9BRYC?lat=40.428019&lon=-101.796478&zoom=4.24\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Erasing dangerous smoke from the data\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1982166,science_1982448,science_1982494\" label=\"Related Posts\"]Wildfire smoke is one of the fastest-growing sources of air pollution in the United States. Particulate pollution from fires drives health risks that are significant to pregnant people, children, outdoor workers, residents of leaky buildings and anyone with heart or lung ailments. Ozone produced by wildfires can cause irritation and inflammation of the lungs; even short-term exposure above certain levels raises the risk of premature death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, the 1970 Clean Air Act gives regulators little ability to take actions that could limit wildfire smoke. That’s because the landmark law focused on soot spewing from smokestacks and tailpipes. Policymakers viewed human-made pollution as the primary threat to public health, said University of Colorado at Boulder geographer Katie Clifford. “Ultimately the thinking about pollution was not about natural risks,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, the EPA, which enforces the Clean Air Act, has treated some wildfires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions as naturally occurring outliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If pollution is created by people and it’s controllable, that’s what we want to manage,” said the EPA’s Meredith Bauer. “It’s everything that’s outside of that that we would call an exceptional event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exceptional events rule, added to the Clean Air Act in 2005, has enabled regulators to ignore pollution data from some events when deciding whether a particular region must do more to improve its air quality. The closer that regions come to meeting federal air quality standards, the fewer restrictions local businesses and other polluters face. Forgiving wildfire pollution helps them meet those standards — and it has been happening more frequently over the last decade, according to the new GAO analysis, which named California, Colorado, Rhode Island and Texas as places that have sought to have wildfire pollution data excused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/534YN/6/\" width=\"1000\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Wara, a Stanford Law School professor who directs the Climate and Energy Policy Program at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, says the GAO’s findings are concerning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole point of the Clean Air Act is to protect people,” he said. “If a part of the law that was seldom used becomes frequently used, then the entire purposes of the act are being undermined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GAO report makes it clear that the exceptional events rule is one of the few tools the EPA has to respond to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s very little legal or regulatory language defining EPA’s role in smoke management other than our exceptional events program,” said Anna Mebust, an atmospheric scientist at the Environmental Protection Agency who works on exceptional events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is “not something that the law was written to handle,” added Wara.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hundreds of hours, hundreds of thousands of dollars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The GAO’s investigation also found that proving an exceptional event is burdensome. The EPA told the watchdog that “providing guidance for and reviewing the analyses demand a significant resource investment” for its regional offices. Local regulators described the process as overly cumbersome and convoluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is literally hundreds of hours of work” to prove that smoke pollution is an exceptional event, said Mark Loutzenhiser, who manages monitoring, programs and rules for the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exceptional event demonstrations can run to hundreds of pages, just to write off smoke pollution for a day or two. Successful arguments help local communities avoid having to enforce stricter pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to show where the wildfire is. Was the wind actually blowing it there? Do you have satellite proof?” Loutzenhiser said. The EPA “look[s] at all of the pollutants. They look at all the weather conditions and they check to see, what do we think the pollution should have been, versus what did we actually measure? And you have to do this for every day of these exceptional events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Hunter, interim air pollution control officer for the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District, says preparing for a future exceptional event designation also means extra work tracking public health advisories and media reports about fire severity — even while it’s still burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that effort during and after wildfires is costly. The GAO says some local and state regulators hire consultants to help, including government scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In public documents, states estimate it can cost from $50,000 to $150,000 to prepare a filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982166/the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse\">the EPA considers tightening the national standard for fine particulates\u003c/a>, and as conditions for wildfires are worsening with climate change, regulators say they may see more requests to excuse that pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do need some help here. If the EPA will be constantly asking us for these large, resource-intensive packages … can we not streamline that, with EPA assisting us, saying, yes, we know that there was this giant wildfire?” Hunter said. “That’s our plea to EPA: Please help us streamline this process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/EjL0r/2/\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Health risks grow, resources don’t\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even as smoke pollutes our air, the GAO reports that the EPA “does not have a coordinated agency-wide program or dedicated staff and resources for the agency’s work related to helping communities prepare for and respond to wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, work on wildfire smoke by the EPA is “done in addition to employees’ regular job duties.” Working on wildfire pollution is “like our Cinderella project — you know, after you’ve cleaned everything, you can go to the ball,” said EPA’s Bauer. “We work on this out of a passion for helping people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very difficult to tap resources when we don’t have a mandate,” said the EPA’s Mebust. “I think our federal partners, their roles are more clearly defined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GAO report makes a number of recommendations for the EPA to begin to better address pollution caused by wildfires. They include coordinating with other agencies to communicate risk and looking for ways to help reduce the likelihood of future smoke events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its response, EPA officials told the GAO that the programs that would accomplish these goals are underfunded and that it is “limited by its resources in its ability to respond to this growing threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, exceptional events for wildfires are becoming less and less exceptional. “The data demonstrates that,” said Wara. “And we should be concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Office of Management and Budget estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OMB_Climate_Risk_Exposure_2022.pdf\">wildfire smoke exposure could increase federal health care expenditures by $128 million (PDF)\u003c/a> to $226 million each year by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Joaquin Valley, Tom Helme’s son, now 5, struggles with asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helme knows there are always going to be wildfires in California. But he’s not satisfied with the response of officials to those fires. “I don’t think they’re completely outside our control,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"howwildfiresmokeimpactsyou\">\u003c/a>How has wildfire smoke impacted your life? Let us know\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://airtable.com/embed/shrtUxclfxepSjs9C?backgroundColor=purple\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is a collaboration of California public radio stations. MuckRock is a nonprofit, collaborative platform and newsroom that brings together journalists, researchers and the public to request, analyze and share primary source data and documents in the public interest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Over the last three decades, the number of acres burned by wildfire has grown, spewing smoke across California and the country. A new GAO report highlights how a loophole in the Clean Air Act permits the EPA to erase pollution — not from the sky, but from the record.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684880404,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://felt.com/embed/map/Wildfires-by-decade-1980-2021-QBFznerjRpK6BWnGzY9BRYC","https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/534YN/6/","https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/EjL0r/2/","https://airtable.com/embed/shrtUxclfxepSjs9C"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1783},"headData":{"title":"As Wildfire Smoke Worsens Public Health, Government Watchdog Calls EPA Response ‘Ad Hoc’ | KQED","description":"Over the last three decades, the number of acres burned by wildfire has grown, spewing smoke across California and the country. A new GAO report highlights how a loophole in the Clean Air Act permits the EPA to erase pollution — not from the sky, but from the record.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"nprByline":"Molly Peterson (The California Newsroom) and Dillon Bergin (MuckRock)","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11950351/as-wildfire-smoke-worsens-public-health-government-watchdog-calls-epa-response-ad-hoc","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new father drove home from the hospital in downtown Modesto, scared — not by having a newborn baby, but by smoke-filled, “apocalyptic-looking skies.” Tom Helme couldn’t see past the next stoplight on the flat, straight road ahead. On that fall day in 2017, it was dark, he said, “like if a nuclear bomb went off, or something blocked the sun.” The San Joaquin Valley was already years into what regulators now say is a downward slide in air quality, choked by smoke from frequent wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent report, the U.S. Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, concluded that the Environmental Protection Agency’s response to wildfire smoke is “ad hoc,” poorly resourced and muddled by a lack of coordination with other agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#howwildfiresmokeimpactsyou\">How has wildfire smoke impacted your life? Let us know\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If pollution is created by people and it’s controllable, that’s what we want to manage.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Meredith Bauer, assistant director for the air and radiation division, Environmental Protection Agency","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You could ask anybody working on wildfire smoke and the answer is no, we’re not doing enough,” said Meredith Bauer, assistant director for the air and radiation division in EPA Region 9, which includes California. “Not yet. Not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three decades, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MuckRock/gao-wildfire-exceptions\">the number of acres burned by wildfire\u003c/a> has grown, spewing smoke across California and the country. The new GAO report highlights how a loophole in the Clean Air Act permits the EPA to erase pollution — not from the sky, but from the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool for erasing some of the worst air-pollution days is called the “exceptional events” rule — a legal pathway that allows local regulators to make a case that air pollution from “natural” wildfires shouldn’t count against their federal air quality goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local regulators who seek to designate wildfires as exceptional events say doing so sets off a complex, burdensome process that is nonetheless essential to avoid slipping further away from meeting air quality standards — even if removing wildfire smoke from the record doesn’t actually clean up the air. According to the GAO, federal \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MuckRock/gao-wildfire-exceptions\">regulators have granted such requests more often\u003c/a> over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Modesto, Helme first heard about exceptional events more than a year before his son’s birth, as a member of an environmental justice advisory group that meets with regulators. Officials at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District had explained to the group that federal law permitted communities to avoid tighter regulation when pollution is “outside the control of the region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helme says that at that meeting, he wondered out loud whether smoke from fires was going to become the norm. “Do you picture a time when it’s not going to be considered exceptional because it happens every single year?” he asked. “And what are our options with that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://felt.com/embed/map/Wildfires-by-decade-1980-2021-QBFznerjRpK6BWnGzY9BRYC?lat=40.428019&lon=-101.796478&zoom=4.24\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Erasing dangerous smoke from the data\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1982166,science_1982448,science_1982494","label":"Related Posts "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is one of the fastest-growing sources of air pollution in the United States. Particulate pollution from fires drives health risks that are significant to pregnant people, children, outdoor workers, residents of leaky buildings and anyone with heart or lung ailments. Ozone produced by wildfires can cause irritation and inflammation of the lungs; even short-term exposure above certain levels raises the risk of premature death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, the 1970 Clean Air Act gives regulators little ability to take actions that could limit wildfire smoke. That’s because the landmark law focused on soot spewing from smokestacks and tailpipes. Policymakers viewed human-made pollution as the primary threat to public health, said University of Colorado at Boulder geographer Katie Clifford. “Ultimately the thinking about pollution was not about natural risks,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, the EPA, which enforces the Clean Air Act, has treated some wildfires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions as naturally occurring outliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If pollution is created by people and it’s controllable, that’s what we want to manage,” said the EPA’s Meredith Bauer. “It’s everything that’s outside of that that we would call an exceptional event.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exceptional events rule, added to the Clean Air Act in 2005, has enabled regulators to ignore pollution data from some events when deciding whether a particular region must do more to improve its air quality. The closer that regions come to meeting federal air quality standards, the fewer restrictions local businesses and other polluters face. Forgiving wildfire pollution helps them meet those standards — and it has been happening more frequently over the last decade, according to the new GAO analysis, which named California, Colorado, Rhode Island and Texas as places that have sought to have wildfire pollution data excused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/534YN/6/\" width=\"1000\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Wara, a Stanford Law School professor who directs the Climate and Energy Policy Program at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, says the GAO’s findings are concerning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole point of the Clean Air Act is to protect people,” he said. “If a part of the law that was seldom used becomes frequently used, then the entire purposes of the act are being undermined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GAO report makes it clear that the exceptional events rule is one of the few tools the EPA has to respond to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s very little legal or regulatory language defining EPA’s role in smoke management other than our exceptional events program,” said Anna Mebust, an atmospheric scientist at the Environmental Protection Agency who works on exceptional events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke is “not something that the law was written to handle,” added Wara.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hundreds of hours, hundreds of thousands of dollars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The GAO’s investigation also found that proving an exceptional event is burdensome. The EPA told the watchdog that “providing guidance for and reviewing the analyses demand a significant resource investment” for its regional offices. Local regulators described the process as overly cumbersome and convoluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is literally hundreds of hours of work” to prove that smoke pollution is an exceptional event, said Mark Loutzenhiser, who manages monitoring, programs and rules for the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exceptional event demonstrations can run to hundreds of pages, just to write off smoke pollution for a day or two. Successful arguments help local communities avoid having to enforce stricter pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to show where the wildfire is. Was the wind actually blowing it there? Do you have satellite proof?” Loutzenhiser said. The EPA “look[s] at all of the pollutants. They look at all the weather conditions and they check to see, what do we think the pollution should have been, versus what did we actually measure? And you have to do this for every day of these exceptional events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Hunter, interim air pollution control officer for the Northern Sierra Air Quality Management District, says preparing for a future exceptional event designation also means extra work tracking public health advisories and media reports about fire severity — even while it’s still burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that effort during and after wildfires is costly. The GAO says some local and state regulators hire consultants to help, including government scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In public documents, states estimate it can cost from $50,000 to $150,000 to prepare a filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982166/the-epa-wants-cleaner-air-but-fire-experts-worry-new-rule-risks-making-it-worse\">the EPA considers tightening the national standard for fine particulates\u003c/a>, and as conditions for wildfires are worsening with climate change, regulators say they may see more requests to excuse that pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do need some help here. If the EPA will be constantly asking us for these large, resource-intensive packages … can we not streamline that, with EPA assisting us, saying, yes, we know that there was this giant wildfire?” Hunter said. “That’s our plea to EPA: Please help us streamline this process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/EjL0r/2/\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Health risks grow, resources don’t\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even as smoke pollutes our air, the GAO reports that the EPA “does not have a coordinated agency-wide program or dedicated staff and resources for the agency’s work related to helping communities prepare for and respond to wildfire smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, work on wildfire smoke by the EPA is “done in addition to employees’ regular job duties.” Working on wildfire pollution is “like our Cinderella project — you know, after you’ve cleaned everything, you can go to the ball,” said EPA’s Bauer. “We work on this out of a passion for helping people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very difficult to tap resources when we don’t have a mandate,” said the EPA’s Mebust. “I think our federal partners, their roles are more clearly defined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GAO report makes a number of recommendations for the EPA to begin to better address pollution caused by wildfires. They include coordinating with other agencies to communicate risk and looking for ways to help reduce the likelihood of future smoke events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its response, EPA officials told the GAO that the programs that would accomplish these goals are underfunded and that it is “limited by its resources in its ability to respond to this growing threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, exceptional events for wildfires are becoming less and less exceptional. “The data demonstrates that,” said Wara. “And we should be concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Office of Management and Budget estimates \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OMB_Climate_Risk_Exposure_2022.pdf\">wildfire smoke exposure could increase federal health care expenditures by $128 million (PDF)\u003c/a> to $226 million each year by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Joaquin Valley, Tom Helme’s son, now 5, struggles with asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helme knows there are always going to be wildfires in California. But he’s not satisfied with the response of officials to those fires. “I don’t think they’re completely outside our control,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"howwildfiresmokeimpactsyou\">\u003c/a>How has wildfire smoke impacted your life? Let us know\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://airtable.com/embed/shrtUxclfxepSjs9C?backgroundColor=purple\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is a collaboration of California public radio stations. MuckRock is a nonprofit, collaborative platform and newsroom that brings together journalists, researchers and the public to request, analyze and share primary source data and documents in the public interest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11950351/as-wildfire-smoke-worsens-public-health-government-watchdog-calls-epa-response-ad-hoc","authors":["byline_news_11950351"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_2036","news_2928","news_21506","news_29523","news_29851"],"featImg":"news_11950397","label":"news"},"news_11943668":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11943668","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11943668","score":null,"sort":[1678991692000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-regulators-approve-rules-to-phase-out-gas-furnaces-and-water-heaters","title":"Bay Area Regulators Approve Rules to Phase Out Gas Furnaces and Water Heaters","publishDate":1678991692,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Bay Area regulators on Wednesday approved landmark rules to begin phasing out and eventually banning the sale of new natural gas water heaters and furnaces in most of the nine-county region as part of a concerted effort to reduce air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1981511,news_11935585,news_11938934\"]Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-9-rule-4-nitrogen-oxides-from-fan-type-residential-central-furnaces/2021-amendments/documents/20230127_factsheet_rg09040906-pdf.pdf?la=en\">the ambitious timeline (PDF)\u003c/a> established by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, only zero-emission, electric water heaters can be sold or installed in Bay Area homes or businesses starting in 2027. The same goes for furnaces starting in 2029, and large commercial water heaters in 2031.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The 1.8 million water heaters and furnaces in the Bay Area significantly impact our air quality, resulting in dozens of early deaths and a wide range of health impacts, particularly in communities of color,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2023/barules_230315_2023_003-pdf.pdf?la=en\">Philip Fine, executive officer of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, said in a statement (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials emphasized the rules only apply to new water heaters and furnace purchases, and won't require the immediate replacement of existing appliances. People can also still repair their broken-down gas appliances, but won't be able to purchase new ones after the rules go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules also have no bearing on gas stoves, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gas-stoves-igniting-a-new-range-war/\">an issue that has become a national political flashpoint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the air board's move has sweeping implications for the roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-9-rule-4-nitrogen-oxides-from-fan-type-residential-central-furnaces/2021-amendments/documents/20230127_factsheet_rg09040906-pdf.pdf?la=en\">two-thirds of households in the Bay Area that still rely on natural gas appliances (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas appliances in residential and commercial buildings in the region account for a similar amount of harmful nitrogen oxide — or NOx — emissions as passenger vehicles, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOx emissions contribute to the formation of ozone and smog, and exposure has been linked to asthma and other respiratory conditions, along with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, lung cancer and premature death, officials said. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Philip Fine, executive officer, Bay Area Air Quality Management District\"]'This groundbreaking regulation will phase out the most polluting appliances in homes and businesses to protect Bay Area residents from the harmful air pollution they cause.'[/pullquote]\"While we're talking about two basic appliances that many of us take for granted in our homes, they have tremendous implications not only from an emissions perspective, but also from a public health perspective,\" said Fernando Gaytan, attorney with environmental group Earthjustice, which advocated for the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes less than a year after \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-09-23/california-moves-to-ban-natural-gas-furnaces-and-heaters-by-2030\">California regulators voted to ban the sale of new gas furnaces and water heaters\u003c/a> beginning in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AirDistrict/status/1636130138932019201\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said the new rules will dramatically improve regional air quality, estimating it will avoid roughly $890 million in health impacts per year, and about 85 premature deaths, from poor air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This groundbreaking regulation will phase out the most polluting appliances in homes and businesses to protect Bay Area residents from the harmful air pollution they cause,\" Fine said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 public commenters, many voicing support for the new rules, spoke in rapid succession at Wednesday's hearing, including public health experts, renters and a group of eighth-grade students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m here because I have an 18-month-old grandson who's already using an inhaler,\" East Bay resident Bill Olson told the air board. \"These rules are future looking. ... I urge the board to help my grandson and all young people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said it hopes to implement the rules equitably and cost-efficiently, noting residents' concerns about the steep cost of buying and installing new electric appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2023/bod_presentation_031523_op-pdf.pdf?la=en&rev=d6dcb3bb2c0245859db97c5b880006e7\">A new, zero-NOx electric heater will cost roughly $8,030 (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to air district estimates released Wednesday. An electrical panel upgrade, if necessary, adds another $2,630 to the total price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a zero-NOx electric water heater costs about $2,820, plus roughly $960 for any needed panel upgrade, the agency estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/inflation-reduction-act-residential-energy-rebate-programs-california\">rebates for home energy-efficiency and electrification projects are currently available\u003c/a> through the Inflation Reduction Act passed by Congress last summer, and will increase significantly in 2024, according to the California Energy Commission. They include an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2023-01-27/looking-for-inflation-reduction-act-rebates-to-go-green-get-ready-to-wait\">$8,000 rebate for heat pumps that can warm and cool homes, $1,750 for heat pump water heaters and $4,000 for electrical system upgrades\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Anna Marie Yanny and Laura Klivans contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Under the landmark rules, only zero-emission, electric water heaters can be sold or installed in Bay Area homes and businesses starting in 2027. The same goes for furnaces starting in 2029, and large commercial water heaters in 2031.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1678993733,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":737},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Regulators Approve Rules to Phase Out Gas Furnaces and Water Heaters | KQED","description":"Under the landmark rules, only zero-emission, electric water heaters can be sold or installed in Bay Area homes and businesses starting in 2027. The same goes for furnaces starting in 2029, and large commercial water heaters in 2031.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11943668/bay-area-regulators-approve-rules-to-phase-out-gas-furnaces-and-water-heaters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area regulators on Wednesday approved landmark rules to begin phasing out and eventually banning the sale of new natural gas water heaters and furnaces in most of the nine-county region as part of a concerted effort to reduce air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1981511,news_11935585,news_11938934"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-9-rule-4-nitrogen-oxides-from-fan-type-residential-central-furnaces/2021-amendments/documents/20230127_factsheet_rg09040906-pdf.pdf?la=en\">the ambitious timeline (PDF)\u003c/a> established by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, only zero-emission, electric water heaters can be sold or installed in Bay Area homes or businesses starting in 2027. The same goes for furnaces starting in 2029, and large commercial water heaters in 2031.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The 1.8 million water heaters and furnaces in the Bay Area significantly impact our air quality, resulting in dozens of early deaths and a wide range of health impacts, particularly in communities of color,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2023/barules_230315_2023_003-pdf.pdf?la=en\">Philip Fine, executive officer of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, said in a statement (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials emphasized the rules only apply to new water heaters and furnace purchases, and won't require the immediate replacement of existing appliances. People can also still repair their broken-down gas appliances, but won't be able to purchase new ones after the rules go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules also have no bearing on gas stoves, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gas-stoves-igniting-a-new-range-war/\">an issue that has become a national political flashpoint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the air board's move has sweeping implications for the roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-9-rule-4-nitrogen-oxides-from-fan-type-residential-central-furnaces/2021-amendments/documents/20230127_factsheet_rg09040906-pdf.pdf?la=en\">two-thirds of households in the Bay Area that still rely on natural gas appliances (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas appliances in residential and commercial buildings in the region account for a similar amount of harmful nitrogen oxide — or NOx — emissions as passenger vehicles, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOx emissions contribute to the formation of ozone and smog, and exposure has been linked to asthma and other respiratory conditions, along with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, lung cancer and premature death, officials said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'This groundbreaking regulation will phase out the most polluting appliances in homes and businesses to protect Bay Area residents from the harmful air pollution they cause.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Philip Fine, executive officer, Bay Area Air Quality Management District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"While we're talking about two basic appliances that many of us take for granted in our homes, they have tremendous implications not only from an emissions perspective, but also from a public health perspective,\" said Fernando Gaytan, attorney with environmental group Earthjustice, which advocated for the new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes less than a year after \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-09-23/california-moves-to-ban-natural-gas-furnaces-and-heaters-by-2030\">California regulators voted to ban the sale of new gas furnaces and water heaters\u003c/a> beginning in 2030.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1636130138932019201"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The agency said the new rules will dramatically improve regional air quality, estimating it will avoid roughly $890 million in health impacts per year, and about 85 premature deaths, from poor air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This groundbreaking regulation will phase out the most polluting appliances in homes and businesses to protect Bay Area residents from the harmful air pollution they cause,\" Fine said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 public commenters, many voicing support for the new rules, spoke in rapid succession at Wednesday's hearing, including public health experts, renters and a group of eighth-grade students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m here because I have an 18-month-old grandson who's already using an inhaler,\" East Bay resident Bill Olson told the air board. \"These rules are future looking. ... I urge the board to help my grandson and all young people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said it hopes to implement the rules equitably and cost-efficiently, noting residents' concerns about the steep cost of buying and installing new electric appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2023/bod_presentation_031523_op-pdf.pdf?la=en&rev=d6dcb3bb2c0245859db97c5b880006e7\">A new, zero-NOx electric heater will cost roughly $8,030 (PDF)\u003c/a>, according to air district estimates released Wednesday. An electrical panel upgrade, if necessary, adds another $2,630 to the total price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a zero-NOx electric water heater costs about $2,820, plus roughly $960 for any needed panel upgrade, the agency estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/inflation-reduction-act-residential-energy-rebate-programs-california\">rebates for home energy-efficiency and electrification projects are currently available\u003c/a> through the Inflation Reduction Act passed by Congress last summer, and will increase significantly in 2024, according to the California Energy Commission. They include an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2023-01-27/looking-for-inflation-reduction-act-rebates-to-go-green-get-ready-to-wait\">$8,000 rebate for heat pumps that can warm and cool homes, $1,750 for heat pump water heaters and $4,000 for electrical system upgrades\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Anna Marie Yanny and Laura Klivans contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11943668/bay-area-regulators-approve-rules-to-phase-out-gas-furnaces-and-water-heaters","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_2036","news_2928","news_20628","news_32536","news_32538","news_32537"],"featImg":"news_11943706","label":"news"},"news_11934055":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11934055","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11934055","score":null,"sort":[1670189984000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fresno-school-plants-trees-to-reduce-highway-pollution-others-may-follow","title":"Fresno School Plants Trees to Reduce Highway Pollution, Others May Follow","publishDate":1670189984,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>At first glance, the 60 trees that border Tehipite Middle School in Fresno may not look like much. Only a few years old, they are still short and thin, some supported by wooden poles on each side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their potential is large, especially for the health of students and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the trees grow in the coming years, the people who planted them hope to find they provide a barrier from what lies just over the fence: the tangle of busy and noisy freeways at the Highway 41 and 180 interchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tehipite is nestled right up against the two highways, leaving the more than 500 students and employees vulnerable to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mobile-source-pollution/how-mobile-source-pollution-affects-your-health#content1\">vehicle pollution, which has been known to cause health problems\u003c/a>, including cardiovascular disease and decreased lung function.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Steven Brown, senior atmospheric scientist, Sonoma Tech\"]'It's been known for a long time that there’s a lot of health disparities for anybody who lives next to a roadway.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees were planted in 2020 in hopes that air quality measurements in the future will show they helped mitigate pollution that drifts into the school grounds. If that proves true, the practice could be used more widely at California schools and other freeway-adjacent places where people live and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planting is jointly run by \u003ca href=\"https://treefresno.org/\">Tree Fresno\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to increasing green space in the Central Valley, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomatech.com/services/airquality\">Sonoma Technology\u003c/a>, a private consulting firm that specializes in studying air quality. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018-06/fresno_trees_sep.pdf\">Fresno TREES (PDF)\u003c/a> project is funded by the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The impact of air pollution in the Central Valley\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“It’s been known for a long time that there’s a lot of health disparities for anybody who lives next to a roadway,” said Steven Brown, senior atmospheric scientist at Sonoma Tech, who is working on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really see that, in particular for people who live or work or go to school or have a lot of time being exposed to pollution next to roadways,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200320040SB352\">building new schools within 500 feet of freeways was banned in 2003\u003c/a>, unless space is limited or the pollution can be diminished. But many students, especially in dense urban areas such as Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15143656\">still attend older schools right next to freeways\u003c/a>. Some schools were there before the roads were built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://publicintegrity.org/environment/the-invisible-hazard-afflicting-thousands-of-schools/\">4.4 million students in the U.S. attend a school that lies within 500 feet of highways\u003c/a>, truck routes and other roads with significant traffic, according to a 2017 investigation from the Center for Public Integrity, and Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting. That’s nearly 8,000 public schools, or about 1 in every 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said even people exposed to “major pollution events in utero” are affected as they grow. Children in particular are more sensitive to the effects of pollution on their lungs because they’re still growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11934063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11934063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of security guard and small family standing next to trees lining a school sports field.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1.jpeg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1-800x500.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1-1020x638.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1-160x100.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 60 trees that were planted at Tehipite Middle School are still growing, but researchers say it’s possible that up to 50% of particulate matter could be reduced after the trees grow to maturity. \u003ccite>(Ashleigh Panoo/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s just a little bit different lung functions, a little bit different heart outcomes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is known for its poor air quality. The surrounding \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sanjoaquinvalley/epa-activities-cleaner-air\">mountain ranges trap pollutants on the valley floor\u003c/a>, leaving cities such as Fresno, Bakersfield and Visalia the most polluted in the nation, according to the American Lung Association. In 2022, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/research/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities\">Fresno region ranked first in short-term particle pollution\u003c/a>, and second in year-round particle pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicle exhaust is a major producer of PM 2.5, or particulate matter that is two-and-a-half microns or less in width.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you breathe it in, it can stay and go deep into your lungs and then really impact your cells,” Brown said. “It can impact how different pieces of your lung are able to function.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'The trees are important'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Tehipite Middle School, students coming out of their classrooms looked on as a car loudly peeled out one afternoon in the neighborhood that surrounds the other sides of the school, leaving a thick cloud of smoke drifting toward the campus and its border of young trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say vegetative barriers can act in two ways against pollution, such as car exhaust: directly blocking it, and also absorbing it. It’s possible that up to 50% of particulate matter could be reduced after the trees grow to maturity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092696/#:~:text=Solid%20sound%20walls%20and%20vegetation,mitigate%20near%2Droad%20air%20pollution.\">studies\u003c/a> have shown that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-020-0115-3\">it depends on how thick the vegetation is\u003c/a>, how the wind blows and whether the barrier is working alongside a concrete sound barrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees planted at Tehipite are a mix of Aleppo pine, Deodar cedar, Chinese elm and other evergreen trees, according to Mona Cummings, CEO of Tree Fresno. Trees whose leaves don’t fall are best used for barriers because they stay thick year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marilyn Lopez-Cuevas has been the principal at Tehipite Middle School for three years, and she grew up in the neighborhood. She says it’s how she understands the challenges her seventh and eighth graders face living in the community near downtown Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lopez-Cuevas rushed back onto the Tehipite campus one recent afternoon, she held bags of candy for students who reached their academic goals, and she was also thinking about a birthday party she was planning for a student who wouldn’t get any celebration at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of her job, she says, is connecting with students in small ways that feel big, such as with the candy and the birthday party. She sees the trees as just one more solution to the myriad problems the community faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/who-is-at-risk/disparities\">lower-socioeconomic neighborhoods tend to fare the worst\u003c/a> when it comes to being exposed to pollution, many researchers have found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/community-air-protection-program/communities/south-central-fresno\">south central Fresno, where Tehipite is located, was selected to be monitored\u003c/a> by the California Air Resources Board because of its proximity to major freeways and industrial plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11934064\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11934064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of a highway with a line of trees and a fence along the side.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tehipite Middle School's row of new trees separating the school from Highway 41. \u003ccite>(Ashleigh Panoo/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://community.valleyair.org/media/1308/fresno_camp_v1_2019_july-1.pdf\">Residents in the area are likely the most heavily burdened (PDF)\u003c/a> in the state by health and environmental challenges, a 2019 report from the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District indicated. People are more likely to be burdened by housing costs, to live in poverty or to be unemployed, according to census tract data, and less likely to have graduated from high school or college. Low birth weights, asthma and cardiovascular diseases are also higher than state averages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the project, the air quality at Tehipite was measured before the trees were planted. Average black carbon measurements were at \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/appendixa.pdf\">a level that can cause an elevated cancer risk after a lifetime of exposure\u003c/a>, according to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (PDF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Cuevas said she did not know for sure whether students at her school suffered from asthma or other lung conditions more often than in other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to answer that question, because obviously it’s very scientific, I would have to have data,” she said. “But we know the impact that better air quality has on our lives. So having said that, you can infer that this has an impact on our community. The trees are important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monitoring in the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The planting at Tehipite cost about $41,000 for the three-year-old, 15-gallon trees, including irrigation, Cummings said. Air quality monitoring is not included in that total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Great strides have been made in the last decade in air pollution measuring technology, Brown said, making it easier to get a good idea whether projects such as these can really help mitigate pollution near roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/researchers-assess-roadside-vegetation-barriers-suite-air-monitors\">ongoing pilot study at an elementary school in Oakland\u003c/a> also seeks to understand which sort of vegetative barriers work best, using air quality monitoring, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders on the Fresno project hope to come away with a similar understanding of whether pollution at Tehipite (and the several other sites they’ve planted) has been reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project gets funded in increments, Brown said, when money is available from the California Air Resources Board. There is not yet funding to return to Tehipite to measure air quality after the trees have grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, it will take one to five years for the trees to grow sufficiently to have a measured impact,” Brown said, “and we continue to work with CARB to secure funding for future air monitoring, so we are hopeful that funding will be in place in future years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/can-trees-reduce-pollution-at-schools-next-to-freeways-a-fresno-campus-tries-plantings/681826\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The trees were planted in 2020 in hopes that air quality measurements in the future will show they helped mitigate pollution that drifts into the school grounds. Other schools may follow if tree experiment improves air quality.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1670300764,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1519},"headData":{"title":"Fresno School Plants Trees to Reduce Highway Pollution, Others May Follow | KQED","description":"The trees were planted in 2020 in hopes that air quality measurements in the future will show they helped mitigate pollution that drifts into the school grounds. Other schools may follow if tree experiment improves air quality.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"EDSOURCE","sourceUrl":"https://edsource.org/","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/apanoo\">Ashleigh Panoo\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/news/11934055/fresno-school-plants-trees-to-reduce-highway-pollution-others-may-follow","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At first glance, the 60 trees that border Tehipite Middle School in Fresno may not look like much. Only a few years old, they are still short and thin, some supported by wooden poles on each side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their potential is large, especially for the health of students and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the trees grow in the coming years, the people who planted them hope to find they provide a barrier from what lies just over the fence: the tangle of busy and noisy freeways at the Highway 41 and 180 interchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tehipite is nestled right up against the two highways, leaving the more than 500 students and employees vulnerable to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/mobile-source-pollution/how-mobile-source-pollution-affects-your-health#content1\">vehicle pollution, which has been known to cause health problems\u003c/a>, including cardiovascular disease and decreased lung function.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'It's been known for a long time that there’s a lot of health disparities for anybody who lives next to a roadway.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Steven Brown, senior atmospheric scientist, Sonoma Tech","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees were planted in 2020 in hopes that air quality measurements in the future will show they helped mitigate pollution that drifts into the school grounds. If that proves true, the practice could be used more widely at California schools and other freeway-adjacent places where people live and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planting is jointly run by \u003ca href=\"https://treefresno.org/\">Tree Fresno\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to increasing green space in the Central Valley, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomatech.com/services/airquality\">Sonoma Technology\u003c/a>, a private consulting firm that specializes in studying air quality. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018-06/fresno_trees_sep.pdf\">Fresno TREES (PDF)\u003c/a> project is funded by the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The impact of air pollution in the Central Valley\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“It’s been known for a long time that there’s a lot of health disparities for anybody who lives next to a roadway,” said Steven Brown, senior atmospheric scientist at Sonoma Tech, who is working on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really see that, in particular for people who live or work or go to school or have a lot of time being exposed to pollution next to roadways,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200320040SB352\">building new schools within 500 feet of freeways was banned in 2003\u003c/a>, unless space is limited or the pollution can be diminished. But many students, especially in dense urban areas such as Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15143656\">still attend older schools right next to freeways\u003c/a>. Some schools were there before the roads were built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://publicintegrity.org/environment/the-invisible-hazard-afflicting-thousands-of-schools/\">4.4 million students in the U.S. attend a school that lies within 500 feet of highways\u003c/a>, truck routes and other roads with significant traffic, according to a 2017 investigation from the Center for Public Integrity, and Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting. That’s nearly 8,000 public schools, or about 1 in every 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said even people exposed to “major pollution events in utero” are affected as they grow. Children in particular are more sensitive to the effects of pollution on their lungs because they’re still growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11934063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11934063\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of security guard and small family standing next to trees lining a school sports field.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1.jpeg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1-800x500.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1-1020x638.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221117_121735-1-1200x750-1-160x100.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 60 trees that were planted at Tehipite Middle School are still growing, but researchers say it’s possible that up to 50% of particulate matter could be reduced after the trees grow to maturity. \u003ccite>(Ashleigh Panoo/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s just a little bit different lung functions, a little bit different heart outcomes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is known for its poor air quality. The surrounding \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sanjoaquinvalley/epa-activities-cleaner-air\">mountain ranges trap pollutants on the valley floor\u003c/a>, leaving cities such as Fresno, Bakersfield and Visalia the most polluted in the nation, according to the American Lung Association. In 2022, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/research/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities\">Fresno region ranked first in short-term particle pollution\u003c/a>, and second in year-round particle pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicle exhaust is a major producer of PM 2.5, or particulate matter that is two-and-a-half microns or less in width.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you breathe it in, it can stay and go deep into your lungs and then really impact your cells,” Brown said. “It can impact how different pieces of your lung are able to function.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'The trees are important'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Tehipite Middle School, students coming out of their classrooms looked on as a car loudly peeled out one afternoon in the neighborhood that surrounds the other sides of the school, leaving a thick cloud of smoke drifting toward the campus and its border of young trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say vegetative barriers can act in two ways against pollution, such as car exhaust: directly blocking it, and also absorbing it. It’s possible that up to 50% of particulate matter could be reduced after the trees grow to maturity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092696/#:~:text=Solid%20sound%20walls%20and%20vegetation,mitigate%20near%2Droad%20air%20pollution.\">studies\u003c/a> have shown that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-020-0115-3\">it depends on how thick the vegetation is\u003c/a>, how the wind blows and whether the barrier is working alongside a concrete sound barrier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees planted at Tehipite are a mix of Aleppo pine, Deodar cedar, Chinese elm and other evergreen trees, according to Mona Cummings, CEO of Tree Fresno. Trees whose leaves don’t fall are best used for barriers because they stay thick year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marilyn Lopez-Cuevas has been the principal at Tehipite Middle School for three years, and she grew up in the neighborhood. She says it’s how she understands the challenges her seventh and eighth graders face living in the community near downtown Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lopez-Cuevas rushed back onto the Tehipite campus one recent afternoon, she held bags of candy for students who reached their academic goals, and she was also thinking about a birthday party she was planning for a student who wouldn’t get any celebration at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of her job, she says, is connecting with students in small ways that feel big, such as with the candy and the birthday party. She sees the trees as just one more solution to the myriad problems the community faces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/who-is-at-risk/disparities\">lower-socioeconomic neighborhoods tend to fare the worst\u003c/a> when it comes to being exposed to pollution, many researchers have found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/community-air-protection-program/communities/south-central-fresno\">south central Fresno, where Tehipite is located, was selected to be monitored\u003c/a> by the California Air Resources Board because of its proximity to major freeways and industrial plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11934064\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11934064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of a highway with a line of trees and a fence along the side.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/20221129_150639-5-scaled-1-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tehipite Middle School's row of new trees separating the school from Highway 41. \u003ccite>(Ashleigh Panoo/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://community.valleyair.org/media/1308/fresno_camp_v1_2019_july-1.pdf\">Residents in the area are likely the most heavily burdened (PDF)\u003c/a> in the state by health and environmental challenges, a 2019 report from the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District indicated. People are more likely to be burdened by housing costs, to live in poverty or to be unemployed, according to census tract data, and less likely to have graduated from high school or college. Low birth weights, asthma and cardiovascular diseases are also higher than state averages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the project, the air quality at Tehipite was measured before the trees were planted. Average black carbon measurements were at \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/appendixa.pdf\">a level that can cause an elevated cancer risk after a lifetime of exposure\u003c/a>, according to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (PDF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Cuevas said she did not know for sure whether students at her school suffered from asthma or other lung conditions more often than in other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to answer that question, because obviously it’s very scientific, I would have to have data,” she said. “But we know the impact that better air quality has on our lives. So having said that, you can infer that this has an impact on our community. The trees are important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monitoring in the future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The planting at Tehipite cost about $41,000 for the three-year-old, 15-gallon trees, including irrigation, Cummings said. Air quality monitoring is not included in that total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Great strides have been made in the last decade in air pollution measuring technology, Brown said, making it easier to get a good idea whether projects such as these can really help mitigate pollution near roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/researchers-assess-roadside-vegetation-barriers-suite-air-monitors\">ongoing pilot study at an elementary school in Oakland\u003c/a> also seeks to understand which sort of vegetative barriers work best, using air quality monitoring, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders on the Fresno project hope to come away with a similar understanding of whether pollution at Tehipite (and the several other sites they’ve planted) has been reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project gets funded in increments, Brown said, when money is available from the California Air Resources Board. There is not yet funding to return to Tehipite to measure air quality after the trees have grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, it will take one to five years for the trees to grow sufficiently to have a measured impact,” Brown said, “and we continue to work with CARB to secure funding for future air monitoring, so we are hopeful that funding will be in place in future years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/can-trees-reduce-pollution-at-schools-next-to-freeways-a-fresno-campus-tries-plantings/681826\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11934055/fresno-school-plants-trees-to-reduce-highway-pollution-others-may-follow","authors":["byline_news_11934055"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_2036","news_32087","news_37","news_32088","news_32086","news_32085"],"featImg":"news_11934062","label":"source_news_11934055"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/liveFromHere.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/10/Our-Body-Politic_1600.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/PBS_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/powerpress/1440_0010_Perspectives_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PB24_Final-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheWorld_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/saysYou.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/scienceFriday.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/powerpress/1440_0006_SciNews_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/selectedShorts.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Final-Tile-Design.png","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/techNation.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1440_0002_TheBay_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCR-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCRmag-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0000_TheLeap_iTunestile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/06/mastersofscale.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theNewYorker.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheTakeaway_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/TBT_2020tile_3000x3000-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/waitWait.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/worldaffairs-podcastlogo2021-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/16/white-lies_final_sq-b1391789cfa7562bf3a4cd0c9cdae27fc4fa01b9.jpg?s=800","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rightnowish_tile2021.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/jerrybrownpodcast.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/splendidtable-logo.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":181938,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38455,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30222,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30218,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14656,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12355,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11541,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11374,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5800,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2418,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1650,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"March 28, 2024 3:58 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":200323,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200323}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":240510,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132830},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107680}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33526,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6928},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26598}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":26032,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13313},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5211}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30807,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9964},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20843}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":40987,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40987}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30978,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30978}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":56948,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22371},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34577}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":80942,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13499},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27555},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16763},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1238},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3417},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7412},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3245}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":134216,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15710},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22435},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30310},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23815},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7456},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34490}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":59132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59132}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":281953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167675},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114278}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":282299,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":181965},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100334}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":79681,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59767},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19914}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":22648,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17246},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5402}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":4848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3670},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1178}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":5886,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4640},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1246}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33290,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29379},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3911}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":21895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14122},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":12321,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4548}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":45753,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45753}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":25114,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25114}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":37018,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14330},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5674},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12986},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4028}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":11509,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7552},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3957}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":17961,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10394},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7567}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":9225,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6914},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2311}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:47 PM","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","totalVotes":6006,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4051},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":5269,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2336},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2933}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":108848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108848}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":29629,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20341},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9288}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22711,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5725},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10354},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1267},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3456}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":19922,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19922}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12226,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8538},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3688}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1390,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":909},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":481}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":11541,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7064},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4477}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":9935,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":301837,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142488},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52125},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107224}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":44037,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10513},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2392},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12789},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14024},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4319}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":42531,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42531}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":88675,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37157},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21958},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6161},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17883},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5516}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":167001,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144649},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22352}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14126,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4947},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3435},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2718},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14317,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5927},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8390}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":25102,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9872},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8692}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":21452,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6980},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8463},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5509},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":500}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":22792,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8801},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8351},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20313,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6579},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13734}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":20565,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14886}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":14649,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10256},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4393}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":81684,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36828},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44856}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13778,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6399},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7379}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":19895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10947},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3134},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5814}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":17881,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11203},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7867},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2266}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10161,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2826}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":10109,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6313},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:06 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":114898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79204},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35694}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86439,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86439}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":117473,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42031},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75442}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":30228,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23876},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6352}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":16202,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11286},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4916}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":23282,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23282}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13654,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10239},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3415}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":24764,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15731},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9033}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":1913,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":830}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":11091,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7602},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3489}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":14511,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8624},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5887}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":144574,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89236},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55338}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/news?tag=air-pollution":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":47,"items":["news_11975650","news_11972271","news_11964317","news_11959651","news_11952517","news_11951866","news_11950351","news_11943668","news_11934055"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"sessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"news_2036":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2036","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2036","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"air pollution","slug":"air-pollution","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"air pollution Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":2051,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/air-pollution"},"source_news_11951866":{"type":"terms","id":"source_news_11951866","meta":{"override":true},"name":"Bay Curious","link":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious","isLoading":false},"source_news_11934055":{"type":"terms","id":"source_news_11934055","meta":{"override":true},"name":"EDSOURCE","link":"https://edsource.org/","isLoading":false},"news_8":{"type":"terms","id":"news_8","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"8","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"News","slug":"news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"News Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":8,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/news"},"news_356":{"type":"terms","id":"news_356","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"356","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Science","slug":"science","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Science Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":364,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/science"},"news_2940":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2940","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2940","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"BAAQMD","slug":"baaqmd","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"BAAQMD Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2958,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/baaqmd"},"news_424":{"type":"terms","id":"news_424","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"424","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Chevron","slug":"chevron","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Chevron Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":433,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/chevron"},"news_33822":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33822","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33822","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Martinez Refining Company","slug":"martinez-refining-company","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Martinez Refining Company Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33839,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/martinez-refining-company"},"news_1202":{"type":"terms","id":"news_1202","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"1202","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"cars","slug":"cars","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"cars Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1214,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/cars"},"news_2928":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2928","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2928","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"air quality","slug":"air-quality","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"air quality Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2946,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/air-quality"},"news_21506":{"type":"terms","id":"news_21506","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"21506","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environmental Protection Agency","slug":"environmental-protection-agency","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environmental Protection Agency Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21523,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/environmental-protection-agency"},"news_33329":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33329","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33329","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Exceptional Events","slug":"exceptional-events","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Exceptional Events Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33346,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/exceptional-events"},"news_27626":{"type":"terms","id":"news_27626","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"27626","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured-news","slug":"featured-news","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured-news Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":27643,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/featured-news"},"news_31499":{"type":"terms","id":"news_31499","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"31499","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"legal loophole","slug":"legal-loophole","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"legal loophole Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":31516,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/legal-loophole"},"news_19906":{"type":"terms","id":"news_19906","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"19906","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Environment Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19923,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/environment"},"news_28250":{"type":"terms","id":"news_28250","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"28250","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Local","slug":"local","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Local Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":28267,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/local"},"news_248":{"type":"terms","id":"news_248","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"248","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Technology","slug":"technology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Technology Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":256,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/technology"},"news_31570":{"type":"terms","id":"news_31570","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"31570","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"extreme heat","slug":"extreme-heat","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"extreme heat Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":31587,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/extreme-heat"},"news_33114":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33114","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33114","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Greenbelt Alliance","slug":"greenbelt-alliance","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Greenbelt Alliance Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33131,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/greenbelt-alliance"},"news_33116":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33116","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33116","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"India Poetzscher","slug":"india-poetzscher","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"India Poetzscher Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33133,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/india-poetzscher"},"news_33115":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33115","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33115","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Skin Chem","slug":"skin-chem","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Skin Chem Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33132,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/skin-chem"},"news_33117":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33117","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33117","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"skin health","slug":"skin-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"skin health Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33134,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/skin-health"},"news_33118":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33118","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33118","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"sun exposure","slug":"sun-exposure","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"sun exposure Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33135,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/sun-exposure"},"news_29851":{"type":"terms","id":"news_29851","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"29851","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wildfire smoke","slug":"wildfire-smoke","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wildfire smoke Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":29868,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/wildfire-smoke"},"news_457":{"type":"terms","id":"news_457","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"457","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":16998,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/health"},"news_20389":{"type":"terms","id":"news_20389","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"20389","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Bay Area refineries","slug":"bay-area-refineries","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Bay Area refineries Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20406,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/bay-area-refineries"},"news_20023":{"type":"terms","id":"news_20023","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"20023","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"environment","slug":"environment","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"environment Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20040,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/environment"},"news_18543":{"type":"terms","id":"news_18543","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"18543","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Health","slug":"health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Health Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":466,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/health"},"news_227":{"type":"terms","id":"news_227","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"227","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Martinez","slug":"martinez","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Martinez Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":235,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/martinez"},"news_20455":{"type":"terms","id":"news_20455","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"20455","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Martinez Refinery","slug":"martinez-refinery","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Martinez Refinery Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20472,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/martinez-refinery"},"news_21107":{"type":"terms","id":"news_21107","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"21107","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"oil refineries","slug":"oil-refineries","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"oil refineries Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21124,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/oil-refineries"},"news_226":{"type":"terms","id":"news_226","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"226","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"oil refinery","slug":"oil-refinery","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"oil refinery Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":234,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/oil-refinery"},"news_29527":{"type":"terms","id":"news_29527","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"29527","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"PBF Energy","slug":"pbf-energy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"PBF Energy Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":29544,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/pbf-energy"},"news_2920":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2920","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2920","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pollution","slug":"pollution","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pollution Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2938,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/pollution"},"news_26179":{"type":"terms","id":"news_26179","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"26179","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"refineries","slug":"refineries","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"refineries Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":26196,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/refineries"},"news_2919":{"type":"terms","id":"news_2919","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"2919","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"refinery","slug":"refinery","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"refinery Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2937,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/refinery"},"news_33523":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33523","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33523","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Bay Curious","slug":"bay-curious","taxonomy":"program","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Bay Curious Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33540,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/program/bay-curious"},"news_17986":{"type":"terms","id":"news_17986","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"17986","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Bay Curious","slug":"baycurious","taxonomy":"series","description":"\u003ch2>A podcast exploring the Bay Area one question at a time\u003c/h2>\r\n\r\n\u003caside>\r\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%; padding-right: 20px;\">\r\n\r\nKQED’s \u003cstrong>Bay Curious\u003c/strong> gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.\r\n\u003cbr />\r\n\u003cspan class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1172473406\">\u003cimg width=\"75px\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/DownloadOniTunes_100x100.png\">\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://goo.gl/app/playmusic?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Ipi2mc5aqfen4nr2daayiziiyuy?t%3DBay_Curious\">\u003cimg width=\"75px\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/Google_Play_100x100.png\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\r\n\u003c/aside> \r\n\u003ch2>What's your question?\u003c/h2>\r\n\u003cdiv id=\"huxq6\" class=\"curiosity-module\" data-pym-src=\"//modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/curiosity_modules/133\">\u003c/div>\r\n\u003cscript src=\"//assets.wearehearken.com/production/thirdparty/p.m.js\">\u003c/script>\r\n\u003ch2>Bay Curious monthly newsletter\u003c/h2>\r\nWe're launching it soon! \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdEtzbyNbSQkRHCCAkKhoGiAl3Bd0zWxhk0ZseJ1KH_o_ZDjQ/viewform\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up\u003c/a> so you don't miss it when it drops.\r\n","featImg":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/BayCuriousLogoFinal01-e1493662037229.png","headData":{"title":"Bay Curious Archives | KQED News","description":"A podcast exploring the Bay Area one question at a time KQED’s Bay Curious gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers. What's your question? Bay Curious monthly newsletter We're launching it soon! Sign up so you don't miss it when it drops.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":18020,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/series/baycurious"},"news_33520":{"type":"terms","id":"news_33520","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"33520","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Podcast","slug":"podcast","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Podcast Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":33537,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/category/podcast"},"news_21693":{"type":"terms","id":"news_21693","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"21693","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Car emissions","slug":"car-emissions","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Car emissions Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21710,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/car-emissions"},"news_30766":{"type":"terms","id":"news_30766","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"30766","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"electric vehicle","slug":"electric-vehicle","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"electric vehicle Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":30783,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/electric-vehicle"},"news_29523":{"type":"terms","id":"news_29523","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"29523","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"particulate matter","slug":"particulate-matter","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"particulate matter Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":29540,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/particulate-matter"},"news_20628":{"type":"terms","id":"news_20628","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"20628","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Bay Area Air Quality Management District","slug":"bay-area-air-quality-management-district","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Air Quality Management District Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20645,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/bay-area-air-quality-management-district"},"news_32536":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32536","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32536","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"electric water heater","slug":"electric-water-heater","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"electric water heater Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32553,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/electric-water-heater"},"news_32538":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32538","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32538","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"furnaces","slug":"furnaces","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"furnaces Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32555,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/furnaces"},"news_32537":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32537","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32537","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"natural gas water heaters","slug":"natural-gas-water-heaters","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"natural gas water heaters Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32554,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/natural-gas-water-heaters"},"news_32087":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32087","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32087","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"freeway pollution","slug":"freeway-pollution","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"freeway pollution Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32104,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/freeway-pollution"},"news_37":{"type":"terms","id":"news_37","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"37","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Fresno","slug":"fresno","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Fresno Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":37,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/fresno"},"news_32088":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32088","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32088","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"highway pollution","slug":"highway-pollution","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"highway pollution Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32105,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/highway-pollution"},"news_32086":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32086","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32086","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Tehipite Middle School","slug":"tehipite-middle-school","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Tehipite Middle School Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32103,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/tehipite-middle-school"},"news_32085":{"type":"terms","id":"news_32085","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"news","id":"32085","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tree planting","slug":"tree-planting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tree planting Archives | KQED News","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":32102,"isLoading":false,"link":"/news/tag/tree-planting"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/news/tag/air-pollution","previousPathname":"/"}}