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Farida earned her master’s degree in journalism from Stanford University.\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c3ab27c5554b67b478f80971e515aa02?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"FaridaJhabvala","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/faridajhabvala/","sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Farida Jhabvala Romero | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c3ab27c5554b67b478f80971e515aa02?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c3ab27c5554b67b478f80971e515aa02?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/fjhabvala"},"vrancano":{"type":"authors","id":"11276","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11276","found":true},"name":"Vanessa Rancaño","firstName":"Vanessa","lastName":"Rancaño","slug":"vrancano","email":"vrancano@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Reporter, Housing","bio":"Vanessa Rancaño reports on housing and homelessness for KQED. She’s also covered education for the station and reported from the Central Valley. Her work has aired across public radio, from flagship national news shows to longform narrative podcasts. Before taking up a mic, she worked as a freelance print journalist. She’s been recognized with a number of national and regional awards. Vanessa grew up in California's Central Valley. She's a former NPR Kroc Fellow, and a graduate of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6c0fc5d391c78710bcfc723f0636ef6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"vanessarancano","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Vanessa Rancaño | KQED","description":"Reporter, Housing","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6c0fc5d391c78710bcfc723f0636ef6?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f6c0fc5d391c78710bcfc723f0636ef6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/vrancano"},"aehsanipour":{"type":"authors","id":"11580","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11580","found":true},"name":"Asal Ehsanipour","firstName":"Asal","lastName":"Ehsanipour","slug":"aehsanipour","email":"aehsanipour@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"Reporter and Producer","bio":"\u003cp class=\"p1\">Asal Ehsanipour is a producer and reporter for Rightnowish, Bay Curious and The California Report Magazine. She is also a producer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.thedoubleshift.com/\">The Double Shift\u003c/a>, a podcast about a new generation of working mothers. In 2018, Asal was named an Emerging Journalist Fellow by the Journalism and Women’s Symposium. Her work has appeared on KQED, KALW, PRI’s The World, and in several food and travel publications.\u003c/p>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0e210438f5dca1b76921ff9f0eada52?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Asal Ehsanipour | KQED","description":"Reporter and Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0e210438f5dca1b76921ff9f0eada52?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0e210438f5dca1b76921ff9f0eada52?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aehsanipour"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11960814":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11960814","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11960814","score":null,"sort":[1694553010000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","title":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban","publishDate":1694553010,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘I Lost Everything’: California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) [aside label='More on Artificial Intelligence' tag='artificial-intelligence'] But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net\"]‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’[/pullquote] Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694553811,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1742},"headData":{"title":"'I Lost Everything': California Photographer Blames AI Bias for Instagram Ban | KQED","description":"An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/a346cf1e-4a87-4ecd-9476-b07a010b2b30/audio.mp3","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\">Beth Tribolet\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11960814/i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Artificial Intelligence ","tag":"artificial-intelligence"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11960814/i-lost-everything-california-photographer-blames-ai-bias-for-instagram-ban","authors":["byline_news_11960814"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_25184","news_2114","news_19133","news_18538","news_22973","news_249","news_86","news_33172","news_2451","news_4","news_30214","news_25944","news_5022"],"featImg":"news_11960658","label":"news"},"news_11818409":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11818409","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11818409","score":null,"sort":[1645833781000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case","title":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case","publishDate":1645833781,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report Magazine | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":26731,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\">California launched the first-in-the-nation statewide task force to study reparations for Black people\u003c/a>, with special consideration for descendants of those enslaved in the United States. Even though California entered the union as a slavery-free state in 1850, that didn’t mean slavery didn’t exist here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As gold rush prospectors flooded the state, enslaved Black people were sometimes imported to work in the mines. And even Black people who entered the state free from bondage didn't always stay free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California law allowed so-called \"slave catchers\" to abduct free Black people and take them to slave states, and sanctioned the reenslavement of Black people freed by their enslavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">we continue to cover the push for reparations\u003c/a>, we’re diving back into the history of the very last case of the enslavement of Black people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]This is the story of California’s last known slavery case, the state’s first Black church and how they converge with the unknown history of a free laundryman named Daniel Blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Celebrating California's first Black church\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Good morning, St. Andrews,” called out Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Sunday morning in late January, the church pews at \u003ca href=\"http://standrewsame.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> were filled with worshipers. Many have been attending St. Andrews — the first African American church on the west coast — for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“St. Andrew's is the best kept secret in the entire city of Sacramento,” said Cousin. “We were organized prior to statehood, so that gives us a bit of a foothold here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church was established in 1850 by free men and former enslaved people who had recently arrived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that was done was to establish a community,” said Cousin. “And at the center of that community is always a church.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>St. Andrews was founded by Daniel Blue, who was formerly enslaved in Kentucky. He settled in California, made a fortune mining on the Sacramento River, and subsequently opened a laundry. With this wealth, he bought a house next door to California’s pro-slavery governor, Peter Hardeman Burnett. Blue held St. Andrews’ first service in his own basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818589\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 286px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-160x186.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-1020x1183.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portrait of Daniel Blue hanging on the walls of St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue catapulted the church into ground zero for anti-slavery and social justice activism. Out of St. Andrews, Blue and his wife, Lucinda, opened a school for Black, Native American and Asian American children, even soliciting donations from the public when the state refused to fund it. In November 1855, St. Andrews hosted the \u003ca href=\"https://omeka.coloredconventions.org/files/original/e2ddec1776e38c21ee7782d6b4d96eba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first statewide convention of the California Colored Citizens\u003c/a> to develop strategies for legislation to advance the rights of people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Sacramento, St. Andrews was able to pull together a coalition of people of color and say, ‘Look, we can go to the court and demand these rights,’” said Cousin. “‘We can go to the state and demand to be counted as citizens.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the first Black church in California, St. Andrews imbued its anti-slavery values to other African Methodist Episcopal churches around the state. It all started with Daniel Blue, whose influence on California state history was revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Discovering California's last known slavery case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 283px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818592\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-354x472.jpg 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original court records of Daniel Blue's petition to free Edith from enslavement are located at the Center for Sacramento History. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith was a 12-year-old enslaved girl brought to rural Sacramento from Missouri in 1863. Shortly after, Edith was illegally purchased by Walter Gammon, a local farmer from Tennessee. According to court testimonies, witnesses said Gammon beat the young girl and left her without care or necessary clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Edith’s plight got back to Blue, who was a leader in Sacramento’s African American community. On Feb. 29, 1864 he filed a writ of habeas corpus in the county court, forcing Gammon to bring Edith to the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gammon responded that Edith stayed with him “of her own free will and choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Gammon, Blue requested that the judge grant him legal guardianship of Edith. The judge ruled in Blue’s favor, citing the slaveholder had “unlawfully and illegally detained and restrained” Edith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last known slavery case in California’s history, 15 years after California entered the union as a free state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The persistence of slavery in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“[This story] shows us the persistence of enslavement in California,” said Stacey Smith, an associate professor of history at Oregon State University, who has written extensively on this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, there is no evidence of how Blue discovered Edith, who was isolated in the rural outskirts of Sacramento. Smith attributes Edith’s freedom to the grapevine networks among local African Americans — like those who attended St. Andrews, which had become the focal point of Black political life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's astounding that African Americans were able to infiltrate the household of Walter Gammon, figure out that Edith was there [as] a slave, figure out that she was being abused, and bring the case to the state courts to liberate her from enslavement,” said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing Edith’s case to the courts wouldn’t have even been possible until 1863, because of a law prohibiting African American, Chinese, and Native American testimony in cases involving white defendants and plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.\"]'We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out.'[/pullquote]Daniel Blue filed his probate case immediately after the law was lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's pretty clear there are Black witnesses who talk about the treatment of Edith under the care of Walter Gammon,” Smith continued. “They probably wouldn't have been able to testify had that law still been on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, laws like these were not uncommon as California’s pro-slavery legislators used their power to uphold pro-slavery attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California did have a large pro-slavery population,” said Smith. “Pro-slavery southerners made up a surprising number of the immigrants that came overland to mine gold in the Gold Rush.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these Southerners brought enslaved people to work in the mines. To protect the rights of slaveholders, California enacted its own version of the Fugitive Slave Act, which prohibited enslaved people from escaping their masters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Californians were perhaps uninterested in establishing slavery in California, according to Smith. Rather, they sought to maintain slaveholder rights while eliminating competition for economic advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The West really was meant to be a paradise for free white workers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the 1850s and 1860s, white legislators enacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/hs/im/didyouknow1.asp\">a series of laws\u003c/a> to suppress the advancement of people of color. A vast majority of African Americans in California were manual laborers. Many of them drove carts, painted fences, or were domestic servants. Most were unable to buy land or ascend socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Blue, on the other hand, accomplished both. Known as “Uncle Daniel,” the former slave became a well-respected figure in the Sacramento community. Admired by people from all backgrounds, Blue used his unprecedented influence to champion not only other African Americans, but all people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Daniel Blue's enduring legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Center for Sacramento History, archivist Kim Hayden pulled out a leatherbound newspaper from the dusty archives. She was looking for Daniel Blue’s obituary, titled “An Old Man Gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary begins: “Daniel Blue, a colored citizen known to all the people of Sacramento and who died suddenly this week in the eighty ninth year of his age, was one of the most familiar figures on Sacramento streets for over a quarter of a century. He is to be buried tomorrow for Sacramento. And to have said he did not know Uncle Daniel Blue was to argue his ignorance of the city and its people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary described Daniel Blue’s accomplishments, intellect, and how he was beloved by Black and white people alike — but there was no mention of Edith or Blue’s involvement in setting her free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Smith, there is evidence that Edith had a happy ending. The 1870 census listed a woman in Sacramento named Adda, Edith’s nickname. She was 19 years old, the same age Edith would have been. The census said she married an African American man, and they had a one-year-old son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818602\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11818602\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-1020x724.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Andrews was founded in 1850, several months before California entered the union. The current building is now recognized as a State Historic Landmark.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith or Blue’s living descendants weren't reachable for this story, but it is apparent that Blue’s legacy lives on with St. Andrews and its community of worshippers — even during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/st.andrews1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hosting\u003c/a> virtual bible study and church services every week, after closing its doors due to California's shelter-in-place order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11790005,news_11789158,news_11701126\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]“We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out,” Cousin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Cousin’s leadership, the congregation is carrying out Blue’s vision of community, education and social action. Now, he says, the focus is on voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever we do out there is an expression of what we have learned and professed to believe in here,” said Cousin. “We encourage everyone to participate at every level in the life of the community. Certainly that means exercising their right to vote, particularly since that is not a right that has been ours for a very long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousin says voting is the antithesis of standing around and waiting for something to happen. Voting is taking action — much like establishing the first Black church in California, or adopting a little girl out of slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 16, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported as part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldchainsca.org\">Gold Chains: The Hidden History of Slavery in California\u003c/a>. The project aims to lift up the voices of courageous African American and Native American individuals who challenged their brutal treatment and demanded their civil rights, inspiring us with their ingenuity, resilience, and tenacity. Gold Chains is a collaboration between KQED, the ACLU of Northern CA, the California Historical Society, Laura Atkins, and the Equal Justice Society.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Daniel Blue was a free laundryman who established the first Black church on the west coast. But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1645835784,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1873},"headData":{"title":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case | KQED","description":"Daniel Blue was a free laundryman who established the first Black church on the west coast. But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11818409 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11818409","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2022/02/25/how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case/","disqusTitle":"How the Founder of California's First Black Church Fought Its Last Known Slavery Case","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/9ee47958-5870-4c31-b06c-ae4701872e65/audio.mp3","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/news/11818409/how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\">California launched the first-in-the-nation statewide task force to study reparations for Black people\u003c/a>, with special consideration for descendants of those enslaved in the United States. Even though California entered the union as a slavery-free state in 1850, that didn’t mean slavery didn’t exist here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As gold rush prospectors flooded the state, enslaved Black people were sometimes imported to work in the mines. And even Black people who entered the state free from bondage didn't always stay free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, California law allowed so-called \"slave catchers\" to abduct free Black people and take them to slave states, and sanctioned the reenslavement of Black people freed by their enslavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">we continue to cover the push for reparations\u003c/a>, we’re diving back into the history of the very last case of the enslavement of Black people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Reparations in California ","link1":"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This is the story of California’s last known slavery case, the state’s first Black church and how they converge with the unknown history of a free laundryman named Daniel Blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Celebrating California's first Black church\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Good morning, St. Andrews,” called out Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Sunday morning in late January, the church pews at \u003ca href=\"http://standrewsame.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> were filled with worshipers. Many have been attending St. Andrews — the first African American church on the west coast — for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“St. Andrew's is the best kept secret in the entire city of Sacramento,” said Cousin. “We were organized prior to statehood, so that gives us a bit of a foothold here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church was established in 1850 by free men and former enslaved people who had recently arrived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that was done was to establish a community,” said Cousin. “And at the center of that community is always a church.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>St. Andrews was founded by Daniel Blue, who was formerly enslaved in Kentucky. He settled in California, made a fortune mining on the Sacramento River, and subsequently opened a laundry. With this wealth, he bought a house next door to California’s pro-slavery governor, Peter Hardeman Burnett. Blue held St. Andrews’ first service in his own basement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818589\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 286px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-800x928.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-160x186.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut-1020x1183.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43194_IMG_6499-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portrait of Daniel Blue hanging on the walls of St. Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue catapulted the church into ground zero for anti-slavery and social justice activism. Out of St. Andrews, Blue and his wife, Lucinda, opened a school for Black, Native American and Asian American children, even soliciting donations from the public when the state refused to fund it. In November 1855, St. Andrews hosted the \u003ca href=\"https://omeka.coloredconventions.org/files/original/e2ddec1776e38c21ee7782d6b4d96eba.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first statewide convention of the California Colored Citizens\u003c/a> to develop strategies for legislation to advance the rights of people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Sacramento, St. Andrews was able to pull together a coalition of people of color and say, ‘Look, we can go to the court and demand these rights,’” said Cousin. “‘We can go to the state and demand to be counted as citizens.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the first Black church in California, St. Andrews imbued its anti-slavery values to other African Methodist Episcopal churches around the state. It all started with Daniel Blue, whose influence on California state history was revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Blue left another indelible, albeit lesser known mark on state history: He freed California’s last known slave.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Discovering California's last known slavery case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 283px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-11818592\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43196_IMG_6478-qut-354x472.jpg 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original court records of Daniel Blue's petition to free Edith from enslavement are located at the Center for Sacramento History. \u003ccite>(Asal Ehsanipour/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith was a 12-year-old enslaved girl brought to rural Sacramento from Missouri in 1863. Shortly after, Edith was illegally purchased by Walter Gammon, a local farmer from Tennessee. According to court testimonies, witnesses said Gammon beat the young girl and left her without care or necessary clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Edith’s plight got back to Blue, who was a leader in Sacramento’s African American community. On Feb. 29, 1864 he filed a writ of habeas corpus in the county court, forcing Gammon to bring Edith to the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gammon responded that Edith stayed with him “of her own free will and choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Gammon, Blue requested that the judge grant him legal guardianship of Edith. The judge ruled in Blue’s favor, citing the slaveholder had “unlawfully and illegally detained and restrained” Edith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the last known slavery case in California’s history, 15 years after California entered the union as a free state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The persistence of slavery in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“[This story] shows us the persistence of enslavement in California,” said Stacey Smith, an associate professor of history at Oregon State University, who has written extensively on this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, there is no evidence of how Blue discovered Edith, who was isolated in the rural outskirts of Sacramento. Smith attributes Edith’s freedom to the grapevine networks among local African Americans — like those who attended St. Andrews, which had become the focal point of Black political life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's astounding that African Americans were able to infiltrate the household of Walter Gammon, figure out that Edith was there [as] a slave, figure out that she was being abused, and bring the case to the state courts to liberate her from enslavement,” said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing Edith’s case to the courts wouldn’t have even been possible until 1863, because of a law prohibiting African American, Chinese, and Native American testimony in cases involving white defendants and plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Rev. Philip R. Cousin Jr.","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Daniel Blue filed his probate case immediately after the law was lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's pretty clear there are Black witnesses who talk about the treatment of Edith under the care of Walter Gammon,” Smith continued. “They probably wouldn't have been able to testify had that law still been on the books.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Smith, laws like these were not uncommon as California’s pro-slavery legislators used their power to uphold pro-slavery attitudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California did have a large pro-slavery population,” said Smith. “Pro-slavery southerners made up a surprising number of the immigrants that came overland to mine gold in the Gold Rush.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these Southerners brought enslaved people to work in the mines. To protect the rights of slaveholders, California enacted its own version of the Fugitive Slave Act, which prohibited enslaved people from escaping their masters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Californians were perhaps uninterested in establishing slavery in California, according to Smith. Rather, they sought to maintain slaveholder rights while eliminating competition for economic advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The West really was meant to be a paradise for free white workers,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the 1850s and 1860s, white legislators enacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/hs/im/didyouknow1.asp\">a series of laws\u003c/a> to suppress the advancement of people of color. A vast majority of African Americans in California were manual laborers. Many of them drove carts, painted fences, or were domestic servants. Most were unable to buy land or ascend socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Blue, on the other hand, accomplished both. Known as “Uncle Daniel,” the former slave became a well-respected figure in the Sacramento community. Admired by people from all backgrounds, Blue used his unprecedented influence to champion not only other African Americans, but all people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Daniel Blue's enduring legacy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the Center for Sacramento History, archivist Kim Hayden pulled out a leatherbound newspaper from the dusty archives. She was looking for Daniel Blue’s obituary, titled “An Old Man Gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary begins: “Daniel Blue, a colored citizen known to all the people of Sacramento and who died suddenly this week in the eighty ninth year of his age, was one of the most familiar figures on Sacramento streets for over a quarter of a century. He is to be buried tomorrow for Sacramento. And to have said he did not know Uncle Daniel Blue was to argue his ignorance of the city and its people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obituary described Daniel Blue’s accomplishments, intellect, and how he was beloved by Black and white people alike — but there was no mention of Edith or Blue’s involvement in setting her free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Smith, there is evidence that Edith had a happy ending. The 1870 census listed a woman in Sacramento named Adda, Edith’s nickname. She was 19 years old, the same age Edith would have been. The census said she married an African American man, and they had a one-year-old son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818602\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11818602\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut-1020x724.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43197_3781652D-5053-4698-9030-D7833A2993CD-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Andrews was founded in 1850, several months before California entered the union. The current building is now recognized as a State Historic Landmark.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edith or Blue’s living descendants weren't reachable for this story, but it is apparent that Blue’s legacy lives on with St. Andrews and its community of worshippers — even during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/st.andrews1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hosting\u003c/a> virtual bible study and church services every week, after closing its doors due to California's shelter-in-place order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11790005,news_11789158,news_11701126","label":"Related Coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We keep our founders' heritage alive by keeping the flames burning of what impassioned them, because those values don't wear out,” Cousin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Cousin’s leadership, the congregation is carrying out Blue’s vision of community, education and social action. Now, he says, the focus is on voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever we do out there is an expression of what we have learned and professed to believe in here,” said Cousin. “We encourage everyone to participate at every level in the life of the community. Certainly that means exercising their right to vote, particularly since that is not a right that has been ours for a very long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousin says voting is the antithesis of standing around and waiting for something to happen. Voting is taking action — much like establishing the first Black church in California, or adopting a little girl out of slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 16, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported as part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldchainsca.org\">Gold Chains: The Hidden History of Slavery in California\u003c/a>. The project aims to lift up the voices of courageous African American and Native American individuals who challenged their brutal treatment and demanded their civil rights, inspiring us with their ingenuity, resilience, and tenacity. Gold Chains is a collaboration between KQED, the ACLU of Northern CA, the California Historical Society, Laura Atkins, and the Equal Justice Society.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11818409/how-the-founder-of-californias-first-black-church-fought-its-last-known-slavery-case","authors":["11580"],"programs":["news_26731"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_27952","news_18538","news_20397","news_30652","news_19216","news_22493"],"featImg":"news_11818588","label":"news_26731"},"news_11878430":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11878430","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11878430","score":null,"sort":[1623960219000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday","title":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday","publishDate":1623960219,"format":"standard","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated June 17, 2021 at 1:47 PM\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday signed a bill to recognize Juneteenth as a federal holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal employees will observe the holiday for the first time on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Throughout history, Juneteenth has been known by many names: Jubilee Day, Freedom Day, Liberation Day, Emancipation Day, and today, a national holiday,\" said Vice President Harris, who is the first woman, Asian American and the first Black person to serve as vice president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are gathered here in a house built by enslaved people. We are footsteps away from where President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation,\" she said. \"We have come far, and we have far to go. But today is a day of celebration. It is not only a day of pride. It's also a day for us to reaffirm and rededicate ourselves to action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests at the signing ceremony at the White House included members of the Congressional Black Caucus and 94-year-old Opal Lee, a decades-long activist who fought to see Juneteenth recognized nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden's signature comes after the measure cruised through both chambers of Congress earlier this week, facing no opposing votes in the Senate and only minor Republican dissent in the House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the signing event below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7WYYTEPfUwc\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Importance of June 19\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Juneteenth is celebrated annually on the 19th of June to mark the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007315228/juneteenth-what-is-origin-observation\">date some of the last enslaved people in the Confederacy became free\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 to free enslaved people in Confederate states, it was not until 2 1/2 years later that many Black people still held in bondage in Texas were told that the order had freed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas' isolation from the rest of the country and remote landscape kept Union soldiers from enforcing the message as quickly there as they had been able to elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until months later with the passage of the 13th Amendment that slavery was abolished on the federal level, not just in states that had aligned themselves with the Confederacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Biden's Racial Justice Efforts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The federal recognition of Juneteenth is one of several Biden administration attempts to reconcile America's dark and troubled past with racial minorities, specifically African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More coverage\" tag=\"juneteenth\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juneteenth marks both the long, hard night of slavery and subjugation, and the promise of a greater morning to come,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He described slavery as a moral stain on the country and said enslavement of Black Americans was the nation's \"original sin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Biden acknowledged the systemic racism that has since the country's founding plagued the institutions foundational to personal success, including the housing market, criminal justice and environmental concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he took office in January, Biden inherited a nation on the brink, with protests and counterprotests against social issues like police use of force threatening to erode the public trust and set back some of the progress the nation has made in its conversations on race over the past decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Biden has faced searing criticisms from the left wing of his party for not doing enough to meaningfully address the concerns of Black Americans, Republicans — following four years of a standard-bearer who stirred \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/997010619/biden-dissolves-controversial-trump-orders-on-race-and-culture\">racial animus\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/914127266/trump-announces-patriotic-education-commission-a-largely-political-move\">civil discord\u003c/a> — have accused Biden of bending to special interest groups at the expense of uniting a deeply divided nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This day doesn't just celebrate the past. It calls for action today. I wish all Americans a happy Juneteenth,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+And+Harris+Are+Speaking+At+The+Bill-Signing+Making+Juneteenth+A+Federal+Holiday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"June 19 is a commemoration of the end of slavery in the United States. It marks the day enslaved people in Texas were finally freed — more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1623969635,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":607},"headData":{"title":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday | KQED","description":"June 19 is a commemoration of the end of slavery in the United States. It marks the day enslaved people in Texas were finally freed — more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11878430 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11878430","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/06/17/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday/","disqusTitle":"Juneteenth Is Now a Federal Holiday","source":"NPR","sourceUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007602290/biden-and-harris-will-speak-at-the-bill-signing-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holi","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/831107342/alana-wise\">Alana Wise\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum via AP","nprStoryId":"1007602290","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1007602290&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007602290/biden-and-harris-will-speak-at-the-bill-signing-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holi?ft=nprml&f=1007602290","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 15:47:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 15:12:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 17 Jun 2021 15:47:22 -0400","path":"/news/11878430/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated June 17, 2021 at 1:47 PM\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday signed a bill to recognize Juneteenth as a federal holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal employees will observe the holiday for the first time on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Throughout history, Juneteenth has been known by many names: Jubilee Day, Freedom Day, Liberation Day, Emancipation Day, and today, a national holiday,\" said Vice President Harris, who is the first woman, Asian American and the first Black person to serve as vice president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are gathered here in a house built by enslaved people. We are footsteps away from where President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation,\" she said. \"We have come far, and we have far to go. But today is a day of celebration. It is not only a day of pride. It's also a day for us to reaffirm and rededicate ourselves to action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests at the signing ceremony at the White House included members of the Congressional Black Caucus and 94-year-old Opal Lee, a decades-long activist who fought to see Juneteenth recognized nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden's signature comes after the measure cruised through both chambers of Congress earlier this week, facing no opposing votes in the Senate and only minor Republican dissent in the House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the signing event below:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7WYYTEPfUwc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7WYYTEPfUwc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>The Importance of June 19\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Juneteenth is celebrated annually on the 19th of June to mark the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1007315228/juneteenth-what-is-origin-observation\">date some of the last enslaved people in the Confederacy became free\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 to free enslaved people in Confederate states, it was not until 2 1/2 years later that many Black people still held in bondage in Texas were told that the order had freed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas' isolation from the rest of the country and remote landscape kept Union soldiers from enforcing the message as quickly there as they had been able to elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not until months later with the passage of the 13th Amendment that slavery was abolished on the federal level, not just in states that had aligned themselves with the Confederacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Biden's Racial Justice Efforts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The federal recognition of Juneteenth is one of several Biden administration attempts to reconcile America's dark and troubled past with racial minorities, specifically African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More coverage ","tag":"juneteenth"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Juneteenth marks both the long, hard night of slavery and subjugation, and the promise of a greater morning to come,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He described slavery as a moral stain on the country and said enslavement of Black Americans was the nation's \"original sin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Biden acknowledged the systemic racism that has since the country's founding plagued the institutions foundational to personal success, including the housing market, criminal justice and environmental concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he took office in January, Biden inherited a nation on the brink, with protests and counterprotests against social issues like police use of force threatening to erode the public trust and set back some of the progress the nation has made in its conversations on race over the past decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Biden has faced searing criticisms from the left wing of his party for not doing enough to meaningfully address the concerns of Black Americans, Republicans — following four years of a standard-bearer who stirred \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/997010619/biden-dissolves-controversial-trump-orders-on-race-and-culture\">racial animus\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/914127266/trump-announces-patriotic-education-commission-a-largely-political-move\">civil discord\u003c/a> — have accused Biden of bending to special interest groups at the expense of uniting a deeply divided nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This day doesn't just celebrate the past. It calls for action today. I wish all Americans a happy Juneteenth,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+And+Harris+Are+Speaking+At+The+Bill-Signing+Making+Juneteenth+A+Federal+Holiday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11878430/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-a-federal-holiday","authors":["byline_news_11878430"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_717","news_23528","news_61","news_20219","news_28211"],"featImg":"news_11878472","label":"source_news_11878430"},"news_11791679":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11791679","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11791679","score":null,"sort":[1576623249000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color","title":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color","publishDate":1576623249,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Darryl McKellar makes teaching look easy. Over 20 years in the classroom, the English teacher has mastered some of the job’s trickiest tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, he has a writing assignment for the 10th-graders in his second-period class, based on a short story they read, “The Lottery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I say lottery, what do you think? Breanna, what do you think?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drama,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='mindshift_47991']“Why drama?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you win a lot of money, it causes a lot of controversy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mo’ money, mo’ problems. Who said it?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s some murmuring. It sounds familiar, but these kids weren’t around in the ’90s. “It’s ... a rapper?” one student ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wait,” McKellar says, launching into a pretty spot-on impression. “Uh huh, uh huh, baby baby.” The students laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biggie Smalls!” a student says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar nods. “Notorious B.I.G. But he also says we can’t expect to change the world until we do what? Change who? Change yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looks pleased with himself as the students pair up and dive into the assignment. “I’m like Batman,” he says. “I use every trick in my utility belt to get a kid to buy into education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Role Models in the Classroom\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For these students, having a teacher of color like McKellar — who has high expectations, can relate to their experiences and serve as a role model — could make a big difference. When students of color have teachers of color, \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Diversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">there’s evidence\u003c/a> they learn more, finish high school at higher rates and are more likely to go to college. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://ftp.iza.org/dp10630.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a> found having at least one black teacher from third to fifth grade cut the high school dropout rate in half for black boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of teachers of color in California isn’t keeping pace with the diversity of its student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction']'Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically.'[/pullquote]Changing that is top of mind for Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction. He has made closing the achievement gap for students of color a central part of his mission, and he says diversifying the teacher workforce is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically,” he said, citing studies that show long-term positive benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/dqcensus/EnrEthYears.aspx?cds=00&agglevel=state&year=2018-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three-quarters\u003c/a> of California students in traditional public and charter schools are of color, compared to about a third of teachers. But in McKellar his students have something especially rare: Fewer than 10% of the \u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Staff/StaffByEth.aspx?cLevel=State&cYear=2018-19&cChoice=StateNum&cType=T&cGender=M&Submit=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state’s teachers are men of color\u003c/a> and just 1% are black men like him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar’s ninth-grade students Elijah Foster and Tyler Banner say having a man in front of the class is still a new experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been taught almost exclusively by women, and they say having a male teacher changes the dynamic. “It feels like the man expects more out of you,” Banner said. “You see them as, like, the homie,” Foster added. “Like a close friend — trustable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to see someone in front of them who says, ‘This thing called education is going to work out just fine,’ ” McKellar said of his male students. “Me being in front of students, being a black man, and dispelling every stereotype about what we bring to the table, that’s my motivation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Pipeline for Male Teachers of Color\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For 28-year-old Fabian Flores, it’s not unusual to be one of the few men in his classes at California State University, Dominguez Hills College of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’s finding the support of a group for aspiring male teachers of color lifesaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm not alone,\" he said. “I'm not the only one struggling with this, I'm not the only male that wants to become an educator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-4-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veteran teacher Darryl McKellar mentors aspiring male teachers of color at CSU Dominguez Hills through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Flores is part of a program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.csun.edu/eisner-education/future-minority-male-teachers-of-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Future Minority Male Teachers of California\u003c/a>, an experiment that got underway in 2017. The goal is to improve the pipeline for men of color who want to teach by focusing on recruitment from the local community, plus financial, instructional and emotional support from peers and veteran teachers. A handful of California State University colleges of education are testing the program, but there’s hope to expand systemwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar is a mentor in the program at CSU Dominguez Hills, in Los Angeles. “I encourage them to use all of their experiences as a person of color,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='mindshift_34806']He also tries to impart skills that he says aren’t always taught in teacher prep programs, like how to connect with students from a social-emotional standpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m giving you the cheat codes,” he said of his role as a mentor. “I’m giving you all the nuances I wasn’t privy to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flores credits the program, and McKellar, for keeping him on the teaching track. He said he almost quit early on after a veteran teacher warned him away from the profession, saying it’s underpaid and undervalued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was kinda on the ropes, like should I continue?” he said. “But getting into this program and speaking with the male educators helped me reject that type of thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program also offers small scholarships to help pay for school. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Flearningpolicyinstitute.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproduct-files%2FDiversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that subsidizing the cost of teacher education is one of the best ways to remove barriers keeping people of color from joining the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_10423719']College graduates of color are \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/black-white-disparity-in-student-loan-debt-more-than-triples-after-graduation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disproportionately burdened by debt\u003c/a>. On average, black college graduates owe over $7,000 more than white peers when they earn their B.A. A few years later, that black-white gap has tripled to $25,000. When weighing a student loan load against a future salary, teaching can make for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-postsecondary/reports/2019/07/09/471850/student-debt-overlooked-barrier-increasing-teacher-diversity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tough proposition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not be here if it wasn’t for that extra money,” said Flores, who got a $5,000 scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-6-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791717\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fabian Flores, 28, said he was only able to stay on track toward becoming a teacher because of a scholarship he received through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Future Minority Male Teachers of California wants to get more men of color teaching in elementary grades, where they’re most rare and where they could have the biggest impact on achievement gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's the real unicorn in education,” said John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills. “How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csun.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FF2MTC-toolkit.pdf%23page%3D44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the 2015-16 school year\u003c/a>, of the roughly 900 students preparing to become elementary school teachers at the six CSUs participating in the program, only 4% were Latino men, 1% were Asian men and 0.4% were African American men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills']'That's the real unicorn in education: How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?'[/pullquote]The efforts to change that are showing some promise: At Dominguez Hills, there were just two Latino elementary teacher candidates in the fall of 2017. The following year, there were 14; at CSULA, the number of Asian males rose from two to 11, and for black males from zero to three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, at the six schools numbers went up significantly for Latinos, slightly for black men and results were mixed for Asian men—rising in some cases, dropping in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education leaders met with Future Minority Male Teachers of California directors earlier this year, and Thurmond said proposals are in the works to build out the program across the CSU system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is really on the precipice of being the leader in teacher preparation,” said Thurmond. “But right now we're pulling together resources to help expand some of these bright spots that we see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the added support may help get men of color into and through teacher training and into classrooms, the next challenge is keeping them there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CalMatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11768052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219-160x44.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One CSU-based program seeks to diversify the ranks of the state’s classroom teachers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1578511510,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1518},"headData":{"title":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color | KQED","description":"One CSU-based program seeks to diversify the ranks of the state’s classroom teachers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11791679 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11791679","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/","disqusTitle":"The Future Is Male: Why California Needs More Male Teachers of Color","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2020/01/RancanoTeacherDiversity.mp3","audioTrackLength":264,"path":"/news/11791679/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color","audioDuration":264000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Darryl McKellar makes teaching look easy. Over 20 years in the classroom, the English teacher has mastered some of the job’s trickiest tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, he has a writing assignment for the 10th-graders in his second-period class, based on a short story they read, “The Lottery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I say lottery, what do you think? Breanna, what do you think?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drama,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"mindshift_47991","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Why drama?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you win a lot of money, it causes a lot of controversy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mo’ money, mo’ problems. Who said it?” McKellar asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s some murmuring. It sounds familiar, but these kids weren’t around in the ’90s. “It’s ... a rapper?” one student ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wait,” McKellar says, launching into a pretty spot-on impression. “Uh huh, uh huh, baby baby.” The students laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biggie Smalls!” a student says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar nods. “Notorious B.I.G. But he also says we can’t expect to change the world until we do what? Change who? Change yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looks pleased with himself as the students pair up and dive into the assignment. “I’m like Batman,” he says. “I use every trick in my utility belt to get a kid to buy into education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Role Models in the Classroom\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For these students, having a teacher of color like McKellar — who has high expectations, can relate to their experiences and serve as a role model — could make a big difference. When students of color have teachers of color, \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Diversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">there’s evidence\u003c/a> they learn more, finish high school at higher rates and are more likely to go to college. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://ftp.iza.org/dp10630.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a> found having at least one black teacher from third to fifth grade cut the high school dropout rate in half for black boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of teachers of color in California isn’t keeping pace with the diversity of its student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","citation":"Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Changing that is top of mind for Tony Thurmond, state superintendent of public instruction. He has made closing the achievement gap for students of color a central part of his mission, and he says diversifying the teacher workforce is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even one teacher of color in a school is enough for students of color to do better academically,” he said, citing studies that show long-term positive benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/dqcensus/EnrEthYears.aspx?cds=00&agglevel=state&year=2018-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three-quarters\u003c/a> of California students in traditional public and charter schools are of color, compared to about a third of teachers. But in McKellar his students have something especially rare: Fewer than 10% of the \u003ca href=\"https://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Staff/StaffByEth.aspx?cLevel=State&cYear=2018-19&cChoice=StateNum&cType=T&cGender=M&Submit=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state’s teachers are men of color\u003c/a> and just 1% are black men like him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar’s ninth-grade students Elijah Foster and Tyler Banner say having a man in front of the class is still a new experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been taught almost exclusively by women, and they say having a male teacher changes the dynamic. “It feels like the man expects more out of you,” Banner said. “You see them as, like, the homie,” Foster added. “Like a close friend — trustable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to see someone in front of them who says, ‘This thing called education is going to work out just fine,’ ” McKellar said of his male students. “Me being in front of students, being a black man, and dispelling every stereotype about what we bring to the table, that’s my motivation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Pipeline for Male Teachers of Color\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For 28-year-old Fabian Flores, it’s not unusual to be one of the few men in his classes at California State University, Dominguez Hills College of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’s finding the support of a group for aspiring male teachers of color lifesaving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm not alone,\" he said. “I'm not the only one struggling with this, I'm not the only male that wants to become an educator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791719\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-4-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791719\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-4-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veteran teacher Darryl McKellar mentors aspiring male teachers of color at CSU Dominguez Hills through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Flores is part of a program called \u003ca href=\"https://www.csun.edu/eisner-education/future-minority-male-teachers-of-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Future Minority Male Teachers of California\u003c/a>, an experiment that got underway in 2017. The goal is to improve the pipeline for men of color who want to teach by focusing on recruitment from the local community, plus financial, instructional and emotional support from peers and veteran teachers. A handful of California State University colleges of education are testing the program, but there’s hope to expand systemwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKellar is a mentor in the program at CSU Dominguez Hills, in Los Angeles. “I encourage them to use all of their experiences as a person of color,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"mindshift_34806","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He also tries to impart skills that he says aren’t always taught in teacher prep programs, like how to connect with students from a social-emotional standpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m giving you the cheat codes,” he said of his role as a mentor. “I’m giving you all the nuances I wasn’t privy to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flores credits the program, and McKellar, for keeping him on the teaching track. He said he almost quit early on after a veteran teacher warned him away from the profession, saying it’s underpaid and undervalued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was kinda on the ropes, like should I continue?” he said. “But getting into this program and speaking with the male educators helped me reject that type of thinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program also offers small scholarships to help pay for school. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Flearningpolicyinstitute.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproduct-files%2FDiversifying_Teaching_Profession_REPORT_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that subsidizing the cost of teacher education is one of the best ways to remove barriers keeping people of color from joining the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_10423719","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>College graduates of color are \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/black-white-disparity-in-student-loan-debt-more-than-triples-after-graduation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disproportionately burdened by debt\u003c/a>. On average, black college graduates owe over $7,000 more than white peers when they earn their B.A. A few years later, that black-white gap has tripled to $25,000. When weighing a student loan load against a future salary, teaching can make for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-postsecondary/reports/2019/07/09/471850/student-debt-overlooked-barrier-increasing-teacher-diversity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tough proposition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not be here if it wasn’t for that extra money,” said Flores, who got a $5,000 scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/12/17/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color/teacher-diversity-6-copy/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11791717\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11791717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Teacher-diversity-6-copy-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fabian Flores, 28, said he was only able to stay on track toward becoming a teacher because of a scholarship he received through the Future Minority Male Teachers of California program. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Future Minority Male Teachers of California wants to get more men of color teaching in elementary grades, where they’re most rare and where they could have the biggest impact on achievement gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's the real unicorn in education,” said John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills. “How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csun.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FF2MTC-toolkit.pdf%23page%3D44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the 2015-16 school year\u003c/a>, of the roughly 900 students preparing to become elementary school teachers at the six CSUs participating in the program, only 4% were Latino men, 1% were Asian men and 0.4% were African American men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'That's the real unicorn in education: How do we get men of color to teach at that primary level?'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","citation":"John Davis, dean of the College of Education at CSU Dominguez Hills","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The efforts to change that are showing some promise: At Dominguez Hills, there were just two Latino elementary teacher candidates in the fall of 2017. The following year, there were 14; at CSULA, the number of Asian males rose from two to 11, and for black males from zero to three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, at the six schools numbers went up significantly for Latinos, slightly for black men and results were mixed for Asian men—rising in some cases, dropping in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education leaders met with Future Minority Male Teachers of California directors earlier this year, and Thurmond said proposals are in the works to build out the program across the CSU system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is really on the precipice of being the leader in teacher preparation,” said Thurmond. “But right now we're pulling together resources to help expand some of these bright spots that we see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the added support may help get men of color into and through teacher training and into classrooms, the next challenge is keeping them there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Dream series is a statewide media collaboration of CalMatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio, with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11768052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/CADreamBanner-1-800x219-160x44.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11791679/the-future-is-male-why-california-needs-more-male-teachers-of-color","authors":["11276"],"programs":["news_72"],"series":["news_21879"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_26850","news_21840","news_3457","news_2044","news_17041"],"featImg":"news_11791718","label":"news_72"},"news_11717433":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11717433","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11717433","score":null,"sort":[1547168921000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not","title":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not","publishDate":1547168921,"format":"image","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throw in some white Robs, Bobs and Roberts, and you have a pretty sizable “JimBob” caucus with a membership larger than the number of Republican women, openly gay or lesbian legislators, or women from any party under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California seats a new class of lawmakers. You may not know their names, but their work is important to your day-to-day life, impacting everything from your taxes to the quality of the air you breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while California prides itself on diversity, in many ways state government looks more like the California of 30 years ago than the California of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Women make major gains, but California trails other states on gender parity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a year in which sexual misconduct allegations led to calls for both parties to run more female candidates, women made significant gains in the Legislature in November’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">Election 2018: Was It the Year of the Woman in California?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/katiehill_getty-qut-1180x715.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California opens 2019 with 36 women in the Legislature — a near record (the previous high was 37 at the end of 2006). Nearly 60 percent of all newly elected California lawmakers are women, mirroring a surge in successful female candidacies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s statehouse still falls far short of equal gender representation. Even after this election’s gains, women account for just 31 percent of California legislators. (If you’re wondering, women make up a little more than half of voting-age Californians.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/0a06ed03-204f-4f8e-a1fb-2656db56409b?src=embed\" title=\"Legislatures\" width=\"800\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male-dominated politics are hardly a uniquely California phenomenon. More than 75 percent of the new Congress is male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California still trails many other states, including some of its more conservative neighbors. Oregon and Arizona each have a higher proportion of women in their legislatures than California, while Nevada recently made history as the first state to elect a legislature with a female majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Asian-American women are sorely underrepresented\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 10 voting-age Californians is a woman with Asian-American or Pacific Islander heritage. That’s a bigger proportion than the state’s entire voting-age African-American population, male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/d8ee3b0b-339e-4de8-b5a9-d121a8e6e9b6?src=embed\" title=\"triplets\" width=\"800\" height=\"1149\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 1 in 118 California legislators is an Asian-American woman. Ling Ling Chang, a Taiwanese Republican senator from Diamond Bar in eastern Los Angeles County, won her seat in the June recall of a sitting Democratic legislator. She’ll likely face a tough re-election battle in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">Election 2018: Asian-American Voters Remain Untapped by Both Parties\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-155682080.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Asian-American is obviously a very broad term. The majority of Asian-Americans in the California Legislature are of Chinese or Taiwanese descent. Notably underrepresented are Vietnamese-Americans and Filipino-Americans, which are among California’s largest Asian-American groups. There is only one Filipino lawmaker, Democrat Rob Bonta of Alameda, and one Vietnamese lawmaker, Republican Tyler Diep of Huntington Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang is also one of only five nonwhite Republicans in the Legislature, all of whom are Asian-American or Pacific Islander. What’s left of the shrinking California Republican presence in Sacramento reflects the party’s struggle to expand its demographic tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the near-record-low 30 Republicans in the Legislature, 21 are white males. There are no Latino, African-American or openly gay or lesbian GOP legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos are still underrepresented. That’s partly generational, and partly about who votes\u003c/h3>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">Why Is It So Hard to Engage Latino Voters? They're Young - and Historically Neglected\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-621796510.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Latinos may be the largest ethnic group in all of California, but they are far from a plurality in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with six new Latino lawmakers elected last November, Latinos account for just over 20 percent of the 2019 legislative class. As of 2017, nearly 40 percent of all Californians identified as Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those awaiting a more visible presence of the “sleeping giant” of California politics can take partial solace in the state’s demographic future. Non-Hispanic whites still make up a larger proportion of Californians over 18 than do Latinos. But Latinos in their 20s, 30s and 40s outnumber whites in the same age groups, as do Latinos under the age of 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/1e8f1fba-5571-4c77-b5c1-671627f29eb2?src=embed\" title=\"Likely Voters vs. legislature\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger and low-income Californians are typically less likely to vote than their older, wealthier neighbors. Since Latinos tend to skew both younger and lower-income in California, it’s perhaps unsurprising that their share of political representation in Sacramento mirrors their share of “frequent” voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Age and Class\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 40 percent of California’s voting-age population is under the age of 40. But state lawmakers tend to skew significantly older than the people they represent. Only 14 percent of state lawmakers are in their 30s, and none are in their 20s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not shocking if you believe that candidates and those who vote for them tend to look like one another: Despite comprising a huge share of the electorate, only 18 percent of likely California voters are under age 34, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another noticeably absent block of Californians from state office: People who make less than six figures. California has the highest compensation for state legislators of any state in the country, at $107,000 per year. The 2017 median income of a California household? $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1556743207,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":917},"headData":{"title":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not | KQED","description":"There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11717433 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11717433","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2019/01/10/find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not/","disqusTitle":"Find Yourself in the California Legislature — or Not","source":"CALmatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","nprByline":"Matt Levin, Elizabeth Castillo and John Osborn D'Agostino\u003cbr>CALmatters","path":"/news/11717433/find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are (still) more white men named James or Jim in the California Legislature than African-American and Asian-American women combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throw in some white Robs, Bobs and Roberts, and you have a pretty sizable “JimBob” caucus with a membership larger than the number of Republican women, openly gay or lesbian legislators, or women from any party under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California seats a new class of lawmakers. You may not know their names, but their work is important to your day-to-day life, impacting everything from your taxes to the quality of the air you breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while California prides itself on diversity, in many ways state government looks more like the California of 30 years ago than the California of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Women make major gains, but California trails other states on gender parity\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a year in which sexual misconduct allegations led to calls for both parties to run more female candidates, women made significant gains in the Legislature in November’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">Election 2018: Was It the Year of the Woman in California?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704561/election-2018-was-it-the-year-of-the-woman-in-california\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/katiehill_getty-qut-1180x715.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California opens 2019 with 36 women in the Legislature — a near record (the previous high was 37 at the end of 2006). Nearly 60 percent of all newly elected California lawmakers are women, mirroring a surge in successful female candidacies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s statehouse still falls far short of equal gender representation. Even after this election’s gains, women account for just 31 percent of California legislators. (If you’re wondering, women make up a little more than half of voting-age Californians.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/0a06ed03-204f-4f8e-a1fb-2656db56409b?src=embed\" title=\"Legislatures\" width=\"800\" height=\"820\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male-dominated politics are hardly a uniquely California phenomenon. More than 75 percent of the new Congress is male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California still trails many other states, including some of its more conservative neighbors. Oregon and Arizona each have a higher proportion of women in their legislatures than California, while Nevada recently made history as the first state to elect a legislature with a female majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Asian-American women are sorely underrepresented\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 10 voting-age Californians is a woman with Asian-American or Pacific Islander heritage. That’s a bigger proportion than the state’s entire voting-age African-American population, male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/d8ee3b0b-339e-4de8-b5a9-d121a8e6e9b6?src=embed\" title=\"triplets\" width=\"800\" height=\"1149\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 1 in 118 California legislators is an Asian-American woman. Ling Ling Chang, a Taiwanese Republican senator from Diamond Bar in eastern Los Angeles County, won her seat in the June recall of a sitting Democratic legislator. She’ll likely face a tough re-election battle in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">Election 2018: Asian-American Voters Remain Untapped by Both Parties\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101867144/election-2018-asian-american-voters-remain-untapped-by-both-parties\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-155682080.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Asian-American is obviously a very broad term. The majority of Asian-Americans in the California Legislature are of Chinese or Taiwanese descent. Notably underrepresented are Vietnamese-Americans and Filipino-Americans, which are among California’s largest Asian-American groups. There is only one Filipino lawmaker, Democrat Rob Bonta of Alameda, and one Vietnamese lawmaker, Republican Tyler Diep of Huntington Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chang is also one of only five nonwhite Republicans in the Legislature, all of whom are Asian-American or Pacific Islander. What’s left of the shrinking California Republican presence in Sacramento reflects the party’s struggle to expand its demographic tent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the near-record-low 30 Republicans in the Legislature, 21 are white males. There are no Latino, African-American or openly gay or lesbian GOP legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Latinos are still underrepresented. That’s partly generational, and partly about who votes\u003c/h3>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">Why Is It So Hard to Engage Latino Voters? They're Young - and Historically Neglected\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11697624/why-is-it-so-hard-to-engage-latino-voters-theyre-young-and-historically-neglected\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-621796510.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Latinos may be the largest ethnic group in all of California, but they are far from a plurality in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with six new Latino lawmakers elected last November, Latinos account for just over 20 percent of the 2019 legislative class. As of 2017, nearly 40 percent of all Californians identified as Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those awaiting a more visible presence of the “sleeping giant” of California politics can take partial solace in the state’s demographic future. Non-Hispanic whites still make up a larger proportion of Californians over 18 than do Latinos. But Latinos in their 20s, 30s and 40s outnumber whites in the same age groups, as do Latinos under the age of 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/1e8f1fba-5571-4c77-b5c1-671627f29eb2?src=embed\" title=\"Likely Voters vs. legislature\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger and low-income Californians are typically less likely to vote than their older, wealthier neighbors. Since Latinos tend to skew both younger and lower-income in California, it’s perhaps unsurprising that their share of political representation in Sacramento mirrors their share of “frequent” voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Age and Class\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 40 percent of California’s voting-age population is under the age of 40. But state lawmakers tend to skew significantly older than the people they represent. Only 14 percent of state lawmakers are in their 30s, and none are in their 20s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not shocking if you believe that candidates and those who vote for them tend to look like one another: Despite comprising a huge share of the electorate, only 18 percent of likely California voters are under age 34, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another noticeably absent block of Californians from state office: People who make less than six figures. California has the highest compensation for state legislators of any state in the country, at $107,000 per year. The 2017 median income of a California household? $70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11717433/find-yourself-in-the-california-legislature-or-not","authors":["byline_news_11717433"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_21126","news_24788","news_2704","news_18012","news_17687","news_17921","news_1852","news_1932"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11688829","label":"source_news_11717433"},"news_11711644":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11711644","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11711644","score":null,"sort":[1544698851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world","title":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World","publishDate":1544698851,"format":"audio","headTitle":"KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>John Carlos and Tommie Smith both won medals in the same track event at the 1968 Olympic games in Mexico City. On the medal stand, both raised clenched fists in a salute to Black power. The backlash that followed cost them the rest of their running careers and years of difficulty outside of sports. Fifty years later, the prevailing attitude toward their protest has changed, and the movement lives on with other athlete activists like Colin Kaepernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring Devin Katayama of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">The Bay\u003c/a> and KQED reporter Rachael Myrow. This episode was produced by The Bay staff: Vinnee Tong, Erika Aguliar, Peter Arcuni and Devin Katayama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Katie McMurran, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Ethan Lindsey and David Weir. Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller. Ask us a question or sign up for our newsletter at BayCurious.org. Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter @oallenprice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As John Carlos and Tommie Smith stood on the medal stand, raising their fists in a black power salute, the San Jose State students were praying they didn't get shot.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1544661198,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":162},"headData":{"title":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World | KQED","description":"As John Carlos and Tommie Smith stood on the medal stand, raising their fists in a black power salute, the San Jose State students were praying they didn't get shot.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11711644 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11711644","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/12/13/black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world/","disqusTitle":"Black Power, the 1968 Olympics and the San Jose State Students Who Shook the World","source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious","audioTrackLength":692,"path":"/news/11711644/black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/new-bay-curious/2018/12/OlympicBlackPowerSalute.mp3","audioDuration":694000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>John Carlos and Tommie Smith both won medals in the same track event at the 1968 Olympic games in Mexico City. On the medal stand, both raised clenched fists in a salute to Black power. The backlash that followed cost them the rest of their running careers and years of difficulty outside of sports. Fifty years later, the prevailing attitude toward their protest has changed, and the movement lives on with other athlete activists like Colin Kaepernick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Featuring Devin Katayama of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">The Bay\u003c/a> and KQED reporter Rachael Myrow. This episode was produced by The Bay staff: Vinnee Tong, Erika Aguliar, Peter Arcuni and Devin Katayama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Katie McMurran, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Ethan Lindsey and David Weir. Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller. Ask us a question or sign up for our newsletter at BayCurious.org. Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter @oallenprice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11711644/black-power-the-1968-olympics-and-the-san-jose-state-students-who-shook-the-world","authors":["236"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_24327","news_21126","news_18426","news_4750","news_2808","news_5711"],"featImg":"news_11711662","label":"source_news_11711644"},"news_11675338":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11675338","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11675338","score":null,"sort":[1529250140000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco","title":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco","publishDate":1529250140,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June 19 is the day more than 150 years ago that U.S. troops swept into Texas to liberate slaves who didn't yet know they were free, nearly three years after President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the black community in San Francisco in general... this is the biggest—this is the only thing we really have,\" said Richard Bougere, the event organizer, who has been coming to the Juneteenth celebration since he was one-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it serves almost like a family reunion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 68th annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfjuneteenth.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juneteenth\u003c/a> event in San Francisco was held on Saturday in the Fillmore District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675341\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6552-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675341\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675344\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6542-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675344\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6538-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, "We can cook!"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, \"We can cook!\" \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6537-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which "means a lot".\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675346\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which \"means a lot\". \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6534-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675347\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1529250140,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":294},"headData":{"title":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco | KQED","description":"This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11675338 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11675338","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/06/17/photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco/","disqusTitle":"PHOTOS: Juneteenth Celebration in San Francisco","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/06/juneteenth.mp3","path":"/news/11675338/photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week marks Juneteenth, or June 19, a celebration that honors the end of slavery in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June 19 is the day more than 150 years ago that U.S. troops swept into Texas to liberate slaves who didn't yet know they were free, nearly three years after President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the black community in San Francisco in general... this is the biggest—this is the only thing we really have,\" said Richard Bougere, the event organizer, who has been coming to the Juneteenth celebration since he was one-year-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it serves almost like a family reunion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 68th annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfjuneteenth.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juneteenth\u003c/a> event in San Francisco was held on Saturday in the Fillmore District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675341\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6552-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675341\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Loriel Price, 8, of San Francisco in the petting zoo at the city's Juneteenth celebration. She says she's always wanted a horse or a rabbit. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675344\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6542-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675344\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rodrick Jones of San Francisco selling a Warriors t-shirt to neighbor Dianne Jordan. They both say they've been coming to the festival for years. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6538-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, "We can cook!"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sylvia Whitley at her hometown Juneteenth celebration in San Francisco. She lives in Richmond now but works in her cousin's construction and catering company, Yolanda's Construction/YoRays. Of the unusual combination, Whitley shrugs, \"We can cook!\" \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6537-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which "means a lot".\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675346\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shamica Simpson and children Jaden and Neveah Pineda, 9 and 5, of San Francisco await the performance of her third child, Marlon, 12 (not pictured) at the city's 2018 Juneteenth celebration. Simpson says she enjoys the gospel music and the event, which \"means a lot\". \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/IMG_6534-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11675347\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Lyric Performing Arts Academy dance down Fillmore Street as part of San Francisco's Juneteenth celebration.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11675338/photos-juneteenth-celebration-in-san-francisco","authors":["3214"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_22210","news_23528","news_38"],"featImg":"news_11675349","label":"news_72"},"news_11650875":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11650875","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11650875","score":null,"sort":[1519421785000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police","title":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police","publishDate":1519421785,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>It’s Monday morning story time at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandlibrary.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Public Library’s\u003c/a> downtown branch. Children’s librarian Mahasin Abuwi Aleem reads to a couple dozen kids. Today, she's starting with a book called \u003ca href=\"https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-689-84693-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Abiyoyo,\"\u003c/a> based on a South African folk song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once upon a time there was a little boy who played the ukulele,” she starts, and the children sit rapt attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids' books can be pretty fun and they can help children learn about difficult subjects, like potty training, fighting with siblings and, for many kids, what the role of a police officer is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But children's literature hasn't necessarily kept up with the times on that last topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you’re reading a story to a child take a look at how the book talks about good guys and bad guys. Is there any mention that in the United States people are innocent until proven guilty? If there are cops in the story, are they wearing body cameras?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'The Talk'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aleem uses books to help introduce law enforcement to her own three kids, now aged 3, 8 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In books, they were mostly depicted as community helpers,\" says Aleem. \"And as [my kids] have gotten older and been more aware of current events, we’ve talked more and more about how, just like in every field, there are people who are thoughtful and conscious and want to do the right thing. And there are people on the police force who may not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due in part to the \u003ca href=\"https://blacklivesmatter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Lives Matter\u003c/a> movement, those are conversations that lots of parents are having these days — and have long been a part of child rearing for African-American families like Aleem’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help guide those difficult discussions, Oakland librarians have created \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rytbtFbHtH6UYRLzUQDf3h4gJ6noSPIAxhHJsfo-QTw/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a toolkit\u003c/a> for evaluating children’s books that feature police. It's a publicly available document to help librarians and other educators examine whether a book accurately reflects how the law really works or reflects the full range of children’s realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem we have with police books right now is there really isn’t much that represents that fearful side,” explains Amy Martin, the Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian. Martin spearheaded the creation of the toolkit. She takes out a picture book called \"I’m Afraid Your Teddy Is In Trouble Today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book opens with two police officers confronting the reader at their front door, telling them their teddy bear had a wild party and trashed the house, and now is in big trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recognizing Fears, Explaining Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a child who’s come home to a parent being arrested, that could be a really, really frightening image,” Martin says. So it may not be the best thing to read to that kid. Martin fully breaks down some problems with the book on a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://readingwhilewhite.blogspot.com/2018/01/rethinking-books-about-police-putting_8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading While White\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toolkit doesn’t review specific books. Instead, it provides questions, like: Does this book explain children’s rights to have a parent or other adult present during questioning? Does it imply that children will always be safe if they follow officers' instructions? Does the book make a distinction between prison and jail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11650920\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11650920 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian Amy Martin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s innocent until proven guilty, and in almost every children’s book I’ve looked at that involves police, there’s language right from the start about guilt,\" says Martin. \"Like they will call them 'bad guys'; some books will call them 'criminals.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin got supportive feedback from an Oakland police lieutenant and other groups before publishing the guide, which is being used throughout Oakland’s library system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie Grimmer, who came to story time at the library, says she’s grateful for guidance about how to talk with her two kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been times where we’ve read stories and afterwards, when the kids are away, my husband and I are like 'Well, that’s kind of true, about police, but sometimes it’s not,'\" says Grimmer. \"It depends on what you look like and where you’re from. ... It’s complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors and publishers have gradually been including black- and brown-skinned characters in children’s books. Nuanced portrayals of law enforcement could be a next step, to make sure that every child can see their own world reflected in a story.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oakland librarians have created a toolkit for evaluating children’s books that feature police. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1519425945,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":778},"headData":{"title":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police | KQED","description":"Oakland librarians have created a toolkit for evaluating children’s books that feature police. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11650875 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11650875","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/02/23/librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police/","disqusTitle":"Librarians on the Line: Evaluating Children's Books About Police","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/02/StelzerPoliceChildrensBooks.mp3","path":"/news/11650875/librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s Monday morning story time at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandlibrary.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Public Library’s\u003c/a> downtown branch. Children’s librarian Mahasin Abuwi Aleem reads to a couple dozen kids. Today, she's starting with a book called \u003ca href=\"https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-689-84693-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Abiyoyo,\"\u003c/a> based on a South African folk song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once upon a time there was a little boy who played the ukulele,” she starts, and the children sit rapt attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids' books can be pretty fun and they can help children learn about difficult subjects, like potty training, fighting with siblings and, for many kids, what the role of a police officer is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But children's literature hasn't necessarily kept up with the times on that last topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you’re reading a story to a child take a look at how the book talks about good guys and bad guys. Is there any mention that in the United States people are innocent until proven guilty? If there are cops in the story, are they wearing body cameras?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'The Talk'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aleem uses books to help introduce law enforcement to her own three kids, now aged 3, 8 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In books, they were mostly depicted as community helpers,\" says Aleem. \"And as [my kids] have gotten older and been more aware of current events, we’ve talked more and more about how, just like in every field, there are people who are thoughtful and conscious and want to do the right thing. And there are people on the police force who may not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due in part to the \u003ca href=\"https://blacklivesmatter.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Lives Matter\u003c/a> movement, those are conversations that lots of parents are having these days — and have long been a part of child rearing for African-American families like Aleem’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help guide those difficult discussions, Oakland librarians have created \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rytbtFbHtH6UYRLzUQDf3h4gJ6noSPIAxhHJsfo-QTw/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a toolkit\u003c/a> for evaluating children’s books that feature police. It's a publicly available document to help librarians and other educators examine whether a book accurately reflects how the law really works or reflects the full range of children’s realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem we have with police books right now is there really isn’t much that represents that fearful side,” explains Amy Martin, the Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian. Martin spearheaded the creation of the toolkit. She takes out a picture book called \"I’m Afraid Your Teddy Is In Trouble Today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book opens with two police officers confronting the reader at their front door, telling them their teddy bear had a wild party and trashed the house, and now is in big trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recognizing Fears, Explaining Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a child who’s come home to a parent being arrested, that could be a really, really frightening image,” Martin says. So it may not be the best thing to read to that kid. Martin fully breaks down some problems with the book on a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://readingwhilewhite.blogspot.com/2018/01/rethinking-books-about-police-putting_8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading While White\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toolkit doesn’t review specific books. Instead, it provides questions, like: Does this book explain children’s rights to have a parent or other adult present during questioning? Does it imply that children will always be safe if they follow officers' instructions? Does the book make a distinction between prison and jail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11650920\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11650920 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Amy-Martin-2-books-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Public Library's children’s collection management librarian Amy Martin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s innocent until proven guilty, and in almost every children’s book I’ve looked at that involves police, there’s language right from the start about guilt,\" says Martin. \"Like they will call them 'bad guys'; some books will call them 'criminals.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin got supportive feedback from an Oakland police lieutenant and other groups before publishing the guide, which is being used throughout Oakland’s library system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie Grimmer, who came to story time at the library, says she’s grateful for guidance about how to talk with her two kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been times where we’ve read stories and afterwards, when the kids are away, my husband and I are like 'Well, that’s kind of true, about police, but sometimes it’s not,'\" says Grimmer. \"It depends on what you look like and where you’re from. ... It’s complicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authors and publishers have gradually been including black- and brown-skinned characters in children’s books. Nuanced portrayals of law enforcement could be a next step, to make sure that every child can see their own world reflected in a story.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11650875/librarians-on-the-line-evaluating-childrens-books-about-police","authors":["213"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_18","news_2504","news_116","news_20219","news_17286"],"featImg":"news_11650919","label":"news_72"},"news_11477752":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11477752","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11477752","score":null,"sort":[1497633308000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-bay-area-businesswomen-strive-to-beat-odds","title":"Black Bay Area Businesswomen Strive to Beat Odds","publishDate":1497633308,"format":"standard","headTitle":"News Fix | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":6944,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Karen Smith worked for decades as an office administrator and hated it. So she changed her life radically: She launched a business making jewelry five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she made beaded bracelets. Then she taught herself how to work with metal, mostly by reading books and watching YouTube videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">\"I \u003cem>looooove\u003c/em> doing this,\" said Smith, as she lit a torch in her tiny Oakland studio and soldered a silver ribbon to make a ring. \"I have never in my adult life had a job where I felt the freedom and passion that I feel now with my work. This is what I'm meant to do.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But money to run and grow her company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nuspiritdesigns.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NuSpirit Designs\u003c/a>, has been a problem from the get-go. Smith launched it without much in savings, family to borrow from, income from a job, or assets to leverage for a loan.\u003cbr>\n[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/328244869\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"250\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith's experience isn't unique. Little access to capital is an important reason businesses owned by African-Americans tend to \u003ca href=\"https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/race-and-entrepreneurial-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not grow as much\u003c/a> and as fast as other firms. The problem is more acute for women, said economist Alicia Robb, with the University of Colorado at Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Women have far lower levels of income and wealth when compared to men, so this issue around financial capital is going to be worse for women,\" said Robb, who has studied minority entrepreneurship for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women-owned businesses earn much less on average than men, and black businesswomen in particular have the lowest average revenues among all groups of entrepreneurs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/Womens-Business-Ownership-in-the-US.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> a recent report by the U.S. Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith's startup capital came from selling her beloved car, a Corolla with tortoise-shell interiors, for about $7,500. Learning how to succeed in the notoriously cutthroat retail industry has been like trying to climb a mountain while running on a hamster wheel, Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really a challenge because there's so much that you have to know and learn when you don't have capital to pay people,\" said Smith. \"If I had a production assistant and someone who could do work on my website, things would be moving much faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11512755 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith solders a silver ring in her studio in Oakland on May 9, 2017. \"It’s been a really long time since I bought myself fancy shoes, or took a lovely vacation, or even paid myself a salary, but I wouldn’t trade what I do now for anything,\" said Smith. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Just Don't Have That Access'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevonne Ratliff, the owner of a natural hair and skin-care line, believes limited access to cash is one main reason she doesn't know of any other black store owners in San Francisco's Lower Haight, where she recently opened a shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area used to be more diverse, close to a neighborhood famous for its jazz musicians and rich African-American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's so cool that I'm right by the Fillmore and I have black people who are from here, from the neighborhood, and they stop by and they are like, 'Wow, we are so happy you are here. To see a black-owned business reminds us of old times,' \" said Ratliff, 35.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has lost more than half of its African-American population in the last five decades: from 96,000 residents\u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/counties/SanFranciscoCounty70.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in 1970\u003c/a> to about 47,000 in 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml?src=bkmk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> U.S. Census data. Many factors have contributed to the decline, including the high cost of living and doing business in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As African-Americans and certain people of color, we just don't have that access or that family backing or the influential people that can help you gain cash to start your business,\" said Ratliff, 35.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ratliff started \u003ca href=\"http://beijaflornaturals.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beija Flor Naturals\u003c/a> with her unemployment check after losing her job at a tech startup during the Great Recession. But she found ways to keep both her living and business costs down and turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11508697 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stevonne Ratliff chats with customer Jennifer Lujan at her new store in San Francisco on May 24, 2017, as Candace Peters looks on. Ratliff carries jewelry, handbags and other products by local artists and makers. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Harnessing the Power of the Internet\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a one-woman startup, Ratliff formulated concoctions of mango and cocoa butter creams in her mom's kitchen, and began selling the products completely online through the website Etsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard and lonely but at a certain point you're like, 'OK, I'm in too deep,' \" said Ratliff, who lived on a shoestring and couch-surfed with friends to save on rent. \"Also, I just wanted to see where this would lead me, how far I could go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The internet allowed her to invest most of the profits back into buying ingredients to fulfill orders and run the business from her bedroom. \u003c/span>E-commerce also gave her access to customer data that she used to test the market and fine-tune her products to find a niche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the touch of a button, she could answer all kinds of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I'm a stats junkie. I could see what's selling best,\" said Ratliff, who grew up in San Jose. \"Like, w\u003c/span>hat do I need to do, what do people want, what are they responding to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloggers and magazines got hold of her products and sales blew up, said Ratliff. That allowed her to jump on a growing wave in online retail: opening brick-and-mortar stores to reach more customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11508696 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ratliff holds a jar of \"number one bestseller\" creme brulee for kinks, curls and coils, at her store in Oakland's Temescal on Jan. 27, 2017. Opening brick-and-mortar shops fueled sales online, said Ratliff. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ratliff uses her two stores to showcase handbags, clothes and jewelry she carefully selects from local artists and makers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support black women in my business,\" said Ratliff, who expects revenues to top $200,000 this year and is hiring staff. \"I'm really happy I can do that now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding New Clients With Good Old Networking \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Smith, the metal jewelry designer, wanted to move away from selling her products at farmers markets, where sales can depend on the weather, to more steady sources of revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her quest to find new opportunities for her business, Smith attended a recent mixer of black businesswomen in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Smith and Ratliff, many of the women who mingled over drinks said they had left unsatisfying jobs or were unemployed when they started their ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black and Latino entrepreneurs \u003ca href=\"///Users/faridajhabvala/Downloads/Including%20People%20of%20Color%20in%20the%20Promise%20of%20Entrepreneurship%20PDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are more likely\u003c/a> than their white and Asian counterparts to start businesses while unemployed, joining the ranks of so-called necessity entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the women at the mixer were just launching startups, others had already blazed successful paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candice Cox, a former corporate sales executive who now owns a profitable jewelry business, was one of the event's organizers. She and six other artists founded Just Be, a local collective of black women entrepreneurs, to share experiences and support each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It feels so good to be able to do things that you love to do as a hobby but as a business and get paid for it,\" said Cox, who counts as a client the National Museum of African American History and Culture's shop in Washington, D.C. \"That’s empowering in itself just giving women the confidence that you can make your own destiny. You can create your own path.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Smith, the event was \"soul shifting,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you work for yourself a lot of times you work in solitude, you don’t have co-workers to bounce ideas off and commiserate,\" said Smith. \"So the opportunity to meet other African-American women entrepreneurs is a blessing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the entrepreneurs Smith met there was Kelly Paschal-Hunter, who owns a gallery in the Old Oakland neighborhood. Both women clicked and Paschal-Hunter invited Smith to hold her debut pop-up show at her gallery weeks later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11508686 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karen Smith, owner of NuSpirit Designs, shows her silver jewelry at Paschal-Hunter Gallery in Oakland on May 13, 2017. Smith chats with clients Shiree Dyson (right) and Dionne Early, who bought silver earrings and a ring. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The jewelry show brought new clients for Smith, and also potential customers for the gallery, said Paschal-Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What she does isn't easy. What I do isn't easy. You know, people don’t need artwork or jewelry every day like they need food,\" said Paschal-Hunter, who left a career as a health care executive to open her gallery last year. \"I saw an opportunity where two female-owned businesses could collaborate, support each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the successful pop-up, Paschal-Hunter decided she would continue to sell Smith's jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First gallery that has shown interest in my work and I’m super excited,\" said Smith. \"It makes me feel like I’m moving in the direction that I want to be.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Black-owned businesses have lower survival rates than others, in part because they have less money to start and grow, say economists.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1497993232,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":1628},"headData":{"title":"Black Bay Area Businesswomen Strive to Beat Odds | KQED","description":"Black-owned businesses have lower survival rates than others, in part because they have less money to start and grow, say economists.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11477752 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11477752","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/16/black-bay-area-businesswomen-strive-to-beat-odds/","disqusTitle":"Black Bay Area Businesswomen Strive to Beat Odds","path":"/news/11477752/black-bay-area-businesswomen-strive-to-beat-odds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Karen Smith worked for decades as an office administrator and hated it. So she changed her life radically: She launched a business making jewelry five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she made beaded bracelets. Then she taught herself how to work with metal, mostly by reading books and watching YouTube videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">\"I \u003cem>looooove\u003c/em> doing this,\" said Smith, as she lit a torch in her tiny Oakland studio and soldered a silver ribbon to make a ring. \"I have never in my adult life had a job where I felt the freedom and passion that I feel now with my work. This is what I'm meant to do.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But money to run and grow her company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nuspiritdesigns.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NuSpirit Designs\u003c/a>, has been a problem from the get-go. Smith launched it without much in savings, family to borrow from, income from a job, or assets to leverage for a loan.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='250'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/328244869&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/328244869'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith's experience isn't unique. Little access to capital is an important reason businesses owned by African-Americans tend to \u003ca href=\"https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/race-and-entrepreneurial-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not grow as much\u003c/a> and as fast as other firms. The problem is more acute for women, said economist Alicia Robb, with the University of Colorado at Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Women have far lower levels of income and wealth when compared to men, so this issue around financial capital is going to be worse for women,\" said Robb, who has studied minority entrepreneurship for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women-owned businesses earn much less on average than men, and black businesswomen in particular have the lowest average revenues among all groups of entrepreneurs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/Womens-Business-Ownership-in-the-US.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> a recent report by the U.S. Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith's startup capital came from selling her beloved car, a Corolla with tortoise-shell interiors, for about $7,500. Learning how to succeed in the notoriously cutthroat retail industry has been like trying to climb a mountain while running on a hamster wheel, Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really a challenge because there's so much that you have to know and learn when you don't have capital to pay people,\" said Smith. \"If I had a production assistant and someone who could do work on my website, things would be moving much faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11512755 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25702_IMG_7245-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith solders a silver ring in her studio in Oakland on May 9, 2017. \"It’s been a really long time since I bought myself fancy shoes, or took a lovely vacation, or even paid myself a salary, but I wouldn’t trade what I do now for anything,\" said Smith. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Just Don't Have That Access'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevonne Ratliff, the owner of a natural hair and skin-care line, believes limited access to cash is one main reason she doesn't know of any other black store owners in San Francisco's Lower Haight, where she recently opened a shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area used to be more diverse, close to a neighborhood famous for its jazz musicians and rich African-American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's so cool that I'm right by the Fillmore and I have black people who are from here, from the neighborhood, and they stop by and they are like, 'Wow, we are so happy you are here. To see a black-owned business reminds us of old times,' \" said Ratliff, 35.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has lost more than half of its African-American population in the last five decades: from 96,000 residents\u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/counties/SanFranciscoCounty70.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in 1970\u003c/a> to about 47,000 in 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml?src=bkmk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> U.S. Census data. Many factors have contributed to the decline, including the high cost of living and doing business in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As African-Americans and certain people of color, we just don't have that access or that family backing or the influential people that can help you gain cash to start your business,\" said Ratliff, 35.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ratliff started \u003ca href=\"http://beijaflornaturals.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beija Flor Naturals\u003c/a> with her unemployment check after losing her job at a tech startup during the Great Recession. But she found ways to keep both her living and business costs down and turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11508697 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25638_IMG_0670-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stevonne Ratliff chats with customer Jennifer Lujan at her new store in San Francisco on May 24, 2017, as Candace Peters looks on. Ratliff carries jewelry, handbags and other products by local artists and makers. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Harnessing the Power of the Internet\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a one-woman startup, Ratliff formulated concoctions of mango and cocoa butter creams in her mom's kitchen, and began selling the products completely online through the website Etsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard and lonely but at a certain point you're like, 'OK, I'm in too deep,' \" said Ratliff, who lived on a shoestring and couch-surfed with friends to save on rent. \"Also, I just wanted to see where this would lead me, how far I could go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The internet allowed her to invest most of the profits back into buying ingredients to fulfill orders and run the business from her bedroom. \u003c/span>E-commerce also gave her access to customer data that she used to test the market and fine-tune her products to find a niche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the touch of a button, she could answer all kinds of questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I'm a stats junkie. I could see what's selling best,\" said Ratliff, who grew up in San Jose. \"Like, w\u003c/span>hat do I need to do, what do people want, what are they responding to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloggers and magazines got hold of her products and sales blew up, said Ratliff. That allowed her to jump on a growing wave in online retail: opening brick-and-mortar stores to reach more customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11508696 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25636_IMG_0478-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ratliff holds a jar of \"number one bestseller\" creme brulee for kinks, curls and coils, at her store in Oakland's Temescal on Jan. 27, 2017. Opening brick-and-mortar shops fueled sales online, said Ratliff. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ratliff uses her two stores to showcase handbags, clothes and jewelry she carefully selects from local artists and makers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support black women in my business,\" said Ratliff, who expects revenues to top $200,000 this year and is hiring staff. \"I'm really happy I can do that now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding New Clients With Good Old Networking \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Smith, the metal jewelry designer, wanted to move away from selling her products at farmers markets, where sales can depend on the weather, to more steady sources of revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her quest to find new opportunities for her business, Smith attended a recent mixer of black businesswomen in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Smith and Ratliff, many of the women who mingled over drinks said they had left unsatisfying jobs or were unemployed when they started their ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black and Latino entrepreneurs \u003ca href=\"///Users/faridajhabvala/Downloads/Including%20People%20of%20Color%20in%20the%20Promise%20of%20Entrepreneurship%20PDF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are more likely\u003c/a> than their white and Asian counterparts to start businesses while unemployed, joining the ranks of so-called necessity entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the women at the mixer were just launching startups, others had already blazed successful paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candice Cox, a former corporate sales executive who now owns a profitable jewelry business, was one of the event's organizers. She and six other artists founded Just Be, a local collective of black women entrepreneurs, to share experiences and support each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It feels so good to be able to do things that you love to do as a hobby but as a business and get paid for it,\" said Cox, who counts as a client the National Museum of African American History and Culture's shop in Washington, D.C. \"That’s empowering in itself just giving women the confidence that you can make your own destiny. You can create your own path.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Smith, the event was \"soul shifting,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you work for yourself a lot of times you work in solitude, you don’t have co-workers to bounce ideas off and commiserate,\" said Smith. \"So the opportunity to meet other African-American women entrepreneurs is a blessing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the entrepreneurs Smith met there was Kelly Paschal-Hunter, who owns a gallery in the Old Oakland neighborhood. Both women clicked and Paschal-Hunter invited Smith to hold her debut pop-up show at her gallery weeks later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11508686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11508686 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25495_IMG_0637KarenSmith-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karen Smith, owner of NuSpirit Designs, shows her silver jewelry at Paschal-Hunter Gallery in Oakland on May 13, 2017. Smith chats with clients Shiree Dyson (right) and Dionne Early, who bought silver earrings and a ring. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The jewelry show brought new clients for Smith, and also potential customers for the gallery, said Paschal-Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What she does isn't easy. What I do isn't easy. You know, people don’t need artwork or jewelry every day like they need food,\" said Paschal-Hunter, who left a career as a health care executive to open her gallery last year. \"I saw an opportunity where two female-owned businesses could collaborate, support each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the successful pop-up, Paschal-Hunter decided she would continue to sell Smith's jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First gallery that has shown interest in my work and I’m super excited,\" said Smith. \"It makes me feel like I’m moving in the direction that I want to be.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11477752/black-bay-area-businesswomen-strive-to-beat-odds","authors":["8659"],"programs":["news_6944"],"categories":["news_1758","news_8"],"tags":["news_21126","news_20427","news_19542","news_2833"],"featImg":"news_11512745","label":"news_6944"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. 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