Over the last year and a half, almost four dozen Cal Fire firefighters
have suffered from heat illness during training, and since 2003, five have died. (Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)
Even as he lay dying on the side of a Southern California mountain — his lips blue, the color gone from his face — wildland firefighter Yaroslav Katkov wanted to push on.
“We’re getting to the top. We’re finishing,” his captain recalled Katkov saying after collapsing atop a ridge during a training hike in hot weather, according to state records.
Katkov’s speech was garbled. He tried to stand, but couldn’t find his footing. His body temperature was reaching dangerous levels. He was suffering from heat illness.
What happened on that sun-soaked July day in 2019 is one thread in a larger story about firefighter training in an era of intensifying heat.
During the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, known as Cal Fire.
More than a quarter of heat-related incidents — the largest category — involve firefighters who fell ill during routine training exercises, Columbia Journalism Investigations, KPCC and LAist found. Like Katkov, nearly all of these firefighters worked part time.
The incidents, documented in Cal Fire’s workplace-injury logs, were specifically classified as heat related and occurred between Jan. 1, 2020, and Aug. 3, 2021. CJI and LAist were unable to ascertain how typical the case numbers are. Cal Fire refused to say whether they were unusual or in line with annual totals for heat illnesses among workers over the past decade. The department declined to provide data that could put the numbers into a broader context.
CJI and LAist compiled less comprehensive data from internal Cal Fire reports on employee training injuries dating back to 2001, in addition to other state records. These documents show at least 14 other incidents that bear what some experts say are hallmarks of heat-related illness. In five of these incidents, the firefighters died.
All the firefighters succumbed to injuries not on the fire line in some remote California wilderness, but during required training. Many were decked out in full wildland gear — wearing long-sleeve jackets, pants and helmets while carrying heavy tools — and doing activities meant to simulate wildfire fighting — taking short hikes into the woods, for instance, or laying hoses up a mountainside.
All but one of the deaths occurred in temperatures ranging from 70 to 87 degrees. Four of the victims were incarcerated, participating in a state program meant to bolster firefighting forces that dates back to WWII.
Public health experts and federal workplace regulators agree that heat-related illnesses and deaths are 100% preventable.
Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts, a review of hundreds of pages of government records detailing firefighter injuries and deaths and an analysis of worker heat death cases reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. Combined, they make up about half of the agency’s nearly 10,000-strong firefighting force.
Katkov’s death was exceptional in just how many institutional failures occurred during his hike, records show. But many of the other cases of heat-related injuries and deaths indicate the same underlying problems — a punitive culture that can endanger firefighters’ health, a lackluster physical screening process and an ineffective plan for building up firefighters’ tolerance for heat.
Warning signs
On the day of Katkov’s hike, Cal Fire officials later found that his captain, Joe Ekblad, had missed opportunities to act on several telltale signs of heat illness. Not until Katkov collapsed at the top of that ridge did Ekblad begin emergency procedures.
The captain later explained he believed that they could cool Katkov down if they moved fast enough. They stripped off his jacket and drenched him in water. But it didn’t work. Katkov took several deep “gulpy breaths,” according to documents obtained from the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA. Still, Ekblad delayed calling for emergency help because he thought Katkov “would snap back out of it,” the records show.
Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the next day. Cal Fire demoted Ekblad. The department found he had “failed to identify a crew member … in physical and/mental distress.” Ekblad didn’t respond to requests for comment. Records show he told investigators that Katkov was a willing participant in the exercises.
Cal Fire didn’t respond to several requests to interview the department’s head of safety. In a statement, it said it “vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.”
The department says it trains all its firefighters — seasonal, incarcerated or otherwise — on the dangers associated with wildland firefighting, “including methods to prevent, recognize and respond to symptoms of heat related illnesses.” It described its efforts to combat heat-related injuries and deaths as “a partnership” with individual firefighters.
“Each must do his/her part year-round to ensure that they are preparing for the upcoming fire season,” the department wrote.
On July 28, 2019, Katkov embarked on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike, a 1.45-mile loop at Cal Fire’s Station 16 in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula.
Gavin Bledsoe, one of the station’s other fire captains, later told Cal/OSHA investigators that “he had concerns with Joe pushing Yaro hard,” and that Ekblad had pushed other firefighters without giving them enough time for breaks in the past.
According to documents related to Ekblad’s demotion, the hike that preceded Katkov’s death had never been timed before that morning, and Bledsoe believed the standard for finishing it was set “specifically with Yaro in mind.”
“Joe has been pushing really hard to get Yaro to quit or up to his standards,” Bledsoe told Cal/OSHA investigators about the rookie firefighter who regularly hiked the area.
Bledsoe didn’t respond to multiple phone calls and text messages seeking comment.
A quarter-mile into the hike, seasonal firefighter Matthew Guerrero told investigators, Katkov was breathing heavily. At one point, as the hike wound from mountains alongside a road, Katkov was slow to move out of oncoming traffic.
Ekblad wrote in his notebook, “Road Hazard - Cognitive Question.” This was an early sign of heat illness that Ekblad ignored, Cal Fire documents show.
The trio completed the hike in about 40 minutes — 10 minutes slower than the time Ekblad had set for the station that morning.
“We're gonna do it again. The first hike was unacceptable,” Ekblad said, according to the Cal/OSHA investigation.
Ekblad later told the agency’s investigators that doing the hike twice wasn’t standard practice. Cal Fire concluded that it was “clearly unnecessary” given the signs of distress Katkov had exhibited.
The trio rested for 20 minutes, drank some water and set off to do the hike again. By then, the temperature had climbed to nearly 88 degrees — five degrees hotter than the 40-year average for the area.
On the steep, often-shadeless path, Katkov told Ekblad he was exhausted — another symptom of heat illness that Ekblad should have recognized, Cal Fire documents said. Rather than seek emergency care, however, the captain encouraged both firefighters to press on, and they pushed up the hill. Guerrero helped steady Katkov’s balance, but Katkov stumbled and had to pause at least 20 times.
Atop the 650-foot ridge, Katkov fell forward and sat down. Ekblad told him to take off some of his wildland gear, and Guerrero tried to shade him with a jacket. They poured water on him, but his eyes rolled back. He eventually passed out.
Nearly an hour after starting the hike a second time, Ekblad called for help. Katkov began to shake uncontrollably. It took another hour for an air ambulance to get to the remote location and transport Katkov to Temecula Valley Hospital. He died the next day.
Cal/OSHA inspectors found that Cal Fire:
Hadn’t provided enough water or shade on the hike.
Failed to monitor Katkov for preexisting sensitivities to heat.
Didn’t prepare Katkov for the intensity of the job, as required under Cal Fire’s heat-illness prevention plan.
Didn’t initiate an emergency medical response until it was too late.
Cal/OSHA fined the department $80,875 — almost five times the average Cal/OSHA fine of $17,000 for all types of cases.
A 'toughness mentality'
Ashley Vallario, Katkov’s longtime girlfriend, said she was shocked after reading the investigation. It was clear that Cal Fire hadn’t done everything it should have done to protect Katkov, she said. Its safeguards against workplace heat appear to have failed.
“They told me that everything that could have been done was done, and that there was no waste of time,” Vallario said. “I believed them.”
Cal Fire didn’t respond to written questions about Katkov’s death.
Rank matters at Cal Fire. Impressing superiors can help a seasonal firefighter move on to a coveted full-time spot. But a tough paramilitary culture often pushes Cal Fire employees to their physical limits, even in hot temperatures.
In many cases, that culture has contributed to serious heat-related injuries.
In 2013, for instance, a Cal Fire firefighter was at a “rehire” training session in Riverside, meant for seasonal employees about to rejoin their crews. He and the other trainees were forced to do “extra rigorous” exercises after someone had arrived late, according to a Cal/OSHA investigation.
While the group practiced a simulated fire attack, the firefighter complained about feeling ill and asked his supervisor if he could take off his jacket.
The instructor said no and told the firefighter to sit down in the sun, the records show.
About 10 minutes later, a colleague reported that the firefighter did “not look good.” His legs cramped, and he was gasping for breath — both symptoms of heat illness.
The firefighter was hospitalized for two days, and Cal/OSHA fined the department $18,560 for violating California’s heat standard by failing to allow the employee to take an adequate rest break.
In a similar case in 2017, another Cal Fire firefighter was working in full wildland gear while moving a hose for a training exercise, according to Cal/OSHA records. After a break, a new instructor took over another round of the activity.
The firefighter later told Cal/OSHA that the work was more strenuous the second time, and that the instructor had “pushed the employee to do more.” The firefighter struggled to finish the task. He was so confused that he couldn’t answer questions, Cal/OSHA records show. An altered mental state is a red flag for heat illness, medical experts say.
The instructor mocked the firefighter and suggested he “go to Orange County since their training is easier,” the inspector wrote.
As in the earlier case, the firefighter spent two days in the hospital. Cal Fire was fined another $2,430 for failing to educate employees about heat’s threats and not providing ready access to water and shade.
Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jon Heggie, who leads several fire stations based in San Diego, including Katkov’s former station, said the department is working to root out the “toughness” mentality that has pervaded its ranks. Some heat-related incidents “have been an unfortunate wake-up call that maybe that culture needs to change,” he said.
But that may be difficult. Robert Salgado, a former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter, notes that Cal Fire’s do-or-die attitude is one of the “very deep-rooted cultural practices in the fire service” that is passed from department to department.
“We don’t want the smartest guy … we don’t want the most trained guy,” Salgado said. “We just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.”
Cal Fire union president Tim Edwards of Local 2881 recalls a recent incident in which supervisors pushed firefighters in training activities beyond their limits.
“I’ll admit it, we had problems in San Diego in the last four months,” he said, explaining that one supervisor was warned about the way he was treating firefighters after a union member filed a complaint.
The supervisor was pushing firefighters to hike “when they weren’t feeling good,” Edwards said, “making them hike thinking if he pushed them a little bit further, it would help them.”
Cal Fire, for its part, acknowledges that the department spoke with the supervisor but said he was not reprimanded. It describes the incident as an example of how the department and the union can work together to address potential health issues before they get worse.
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'Don't blame the firefighters'
Another problem, insiders say, is that Cal Fire doesn’t have a physical fitness standard that makes clear what kind of shape seasonal and incarcerated firefighters must be in when they return to duty after months off.
Without such a standard, firefighters may not realize they’re not fit enough until they’re on training hikes or in the field on hot days. At that point, it’s up to individual supervisors to say whether it’s a problem for any firefighter, and what that firefighter needs to do to improve. And that can make for trouble when those supervisors push their employees too hard, especially on hot days, to reach whatever level they deem correct, insiders say.
Edwards, of Cal Fire Local 2881, notes that the union has “been pushing for years to have a minimal physical fitness standard.”
He said the union wants seasonal firefighters to have their fitness tested over a week, with intense physical exercise and step-by-step goals to measure their progress. If they fail to pass those tests, he said, they could be set on a remedial path or let go.
Edwards blames the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation for issues involving incarcerated firefighters. He argues that Cal Fire has little control over these abilities when they arrive at fire camps, even though the 11 heat-related incidents involving incarcerated people identified by CJI and LAist occurred during official Cal Fire trainings.
The Corrections Department said Cal Fire has always trained incarcerated firefighters.
Currently, when a firefighter falls behind on fitness requirements, Cal Fire’s system leaves it up to individual stations to determine how that firefighter will move forward.
When firefighters are assigned to a crew for the season, they are allotted an hour each day for personal training, and given access to wellness coordinators and workout gear. Supervisors are required to sign off on each firefighter’s monthly progress as part of a “Physical Fitness Documentation Log.”
In more than half of heat-illness cases examined by CJI and LAist, the firefighters didn’t have a fitness plan.
In interviews with a Cal/OSHA investigator, some of Katkov’s former colleagues raised concerns about his physical fitness.
But Cal/OSHA found that Ekblad had not created a fitness plan or any documentation to measure Katkov’s progress, records show.
In its statement, Cal Fire said it has no control over its firefighters’ “fitness efforts, caffeine intake, eating habits, water intake, sun exposure, alcohol consumption, or other factors that may impact their ability to perform their job functions” when they are off-duty.
It can take weeks or months for firefighters to safely build up their fitness, and experts say it’s not something that can be forced with strenuous exercise in a short period.
“Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead,” Cal Fire said in its statement.
Brent Ruby, a University of Montana professor who has studied the physical demands of wildland firefighting, said ad hoc training is not the ideal way to train because there’s “a tendency to try to push” new or young recruits. As these firefighters press on, he said, the strain on their body builds up.
“They hike faster, they produce more heat,” Ruby said, “but the environment is still bearing down on them and pushing back on them.”
Dr. Thomas Ferguson, a consultant who says he reviews 8,000 medical files for Cal Fire each year, has seen how firefighters who are pushed too hard can get blamed for not meeting physical expectations.
Ferguson told Cal/OSHA investigators that seasonal firefighters like Katkov are most vulnerable to heat illness. According to Cal/OSHA’s investigative file on Katkov’s death, Ferguson urged the department to adopt a fitness standard for seasonal and incarcerated firefighters partly for this reason.
“Don't blame the firefighters,” he said in a recent interview. “We've got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.”
Identifying the hidden risks
Even before starting the job, Cal Fire’s health screening processes may miss conditions that could jeopardize firefighters’ lives, experts say.
Seasonal and incarcerated firefighters get little more than a basic physical, which experts say doesn’t always screen for potentially problematic health conditions. That has had dire consequences on the ground.
Since 2001, eight firefighters with underlying health problems have died during training — five of them likely from heat exposure, experts say. All of them were incarcerated except for Katkov. Four died from cardiovascular issues, such as heart attacks.
While not all of those cases were directly tied to heat, researchers say high temperatures often play a hidden role in injuries and deaths, especially in workers who have underlying or preexisting health conditions, such as heart or kidney disease.
Cal Fire said its screening policy requires “an annual medical evaluation for all applicants and employees who are required to be medically cleared.” Tests intended to check for preexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and some cancers, are voluntary.
In a recent interview with CJI and LAist, Ferguson said Cal Fire has a hard time keeping up with the basic screenings for thousands of seasonal and incarcerated firefighters each year. “It’s an operational issue for them,” he said.
The union’s Edwards goes further. “When the State of California is hiring a temporary employee, and this is just the sad truth of it, they're not going to want to invest a whole lot of time and money,” he said. “We don't agree with that.”
It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests, according to the union. Seasonal firefighters are offered the opportunity, but it’s not mandatory.
Heart issues, which could be caught by more extensive tests, are among the preexisting conditions exacerbated by heat. When a firefighter dies, heat can be overlooked as the primary factor, creating a pattern of uneven enforcement, records show.
In April 2015, Raymond Araujo, a 37-year-old incarcerated man assigned to work in the Bautista Conservation Camp, set off on a training hike in Banning, California, about 30 miles from Palm Springs.
According to Cal/OSHA records, Araujo covered two miles of steep terrain. The temperature reached 81 degrees — 10 degrees hotter for the area for that time of year. He stumbled during the exercise. His colleagues tried to carry him to the finish but eventually he lost his vision and fell to his knees. About an hour after the hike began, paramedics declared him dead, according to the records.
A Cal/OSHA investigation named heat as a contributing factor in Araujo’s death, but the Riverside County coroner determined the cause was “hypertensive cardiovascular disease,” according to an autopsy report. Cal/OSHA’s medical unit, noting the preexisting condition, concluded that “it did not appear likely that a heat illness or other work-related illness or injury played any role in Araujo’s sudden death,” records show. The agency closed the case without issuing any citations for violating the state’s heat standard.
Garrett Brown, a Cal/OSHA inspector from 1994 to 2014, investigated more than 100 work sites for heat issues. He reviewed the Araujo case at our request and said it was impossible to know why the agency chose not to address the heat standard violations. Despite that decision, Brown said the incident resembled many heat cases he had handled, in which workers suffered heart or kidney failure because of hot temperatures, and likely should’ve been handled as possible heat standard violations.
A Cal/OSHA spokesperson defended the agency’s handling of Araujo’s death. “Cal/OSHA Enforcement relied on the Medical Unit's opinion,” the spokesperson, Frank Polizzi, wrote in a statement.
Ferguson isn’t the only one who’s raised concerns about Cal Fire’s health-screening process. During the Cal/OSHA investigation into Katkov’s death, Tammy Stout, manager of the Cal Fire medical unit, was blunt in her assessment of the process, explaining that she had received medical clearance even though she believed she was physically incapable of doing a firefighter’s job.
Cal Fire Captain Cesar Nerey put it simply. “You could get a better physical playing high school football than the one required by Cal Fire,” he told the Cal/OSHA investigator.
A gap in existing heat protections
There’s another concerning factor in how Cal Fire brings new firefighters onto the job: a lack of a department-wide regimented acclimatization plan that would ease employees into the heat. Instead, as with fitness training, Cal Fire leaves it up to individual stations to craft their own.
Here’s why that matters. Acclimatization — building up a tolerance for heat — is a crucial part of training firefighters to operate in extreme conditions.
Easing firefighters into the work in hot temperatures is widely viewed as one of the best ways to prevent heat illnesses and deaths. It should happen during a new or newly returned firefighter’s two weeks of training, health experts say.
For nearly 25 years, since the death of a California firefighter from heat exposure while constructing a fire line in 1997, a federal agency has recommended the state follow specific protocols for acclimatization of firefighters.
The protocols, from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), call for:
New employees working in heat no more than 20% of their first shift, with a daily increase of the same percentage until fully acclimated.
Experienced firefighters returning from an extended break working in heat more than 50% of the first day, with a gradual increase over the course of a week.
Cal Fire said that it is considering those recommendations, but it “may not be achievable in all situations.”
The department said following them “could cause issues in protecting the people and resources of California,” since firefighters often are thrust into emergency situations when a fire erupts and may come from areas across the state and be used to different climates. Cal Fire did not address non-emergency training scenarios.
Some heat-related incidents have occurred early in a firefighter’s tenure and during training. Of all the incidents identified by CJI and LAist, records show at least 14 employees were sickened by heat at the Cal Fire training academy during their first weeks. Dozens more suffered from heat illnesses on the job.
Over a two-month period in the summer of 2014, three firefighters were hospitalized after they had trained in the heat. Two of these incidents occurred in the same week.
Cal/OSHA considers an acclimatization plan the pinnacle of heat awareness — indeed, it is one of the four pillars of heat safety in the state’s standard. Yet the agency leaves the details on how to acclimate employees up to individual employers.
In a written statement, Cal/OSHA said “the acclimatization period, when employees are introduced to high heat, is the most critical in terms of illness prevention.” The agency rarely cites employers for failing to acclimatize their employees, as compared to other heat-related violations, having done so only 68 times since 2015, as of July 2021.
What can prevent a tragedy
While heat continues to be an issue during Cal Fire training activities, a responsive supervisor can make the difference between life and death.
Nearly a year after Katkov’s death, yet another firefighter came close to dying on a training hike in Mariposa, 150 miles east of San José. The firefighter had suffered leg cramps and vomited on the same trail just two weeks earlier, according to Cal Fire documents. A physician cleared him for work, but people with prior injuries can be more susceptible to heat stress, experts say.
On a hike in July 2020, the temperature reached 87 degrees. According to Cal Fire records, the captain, who said he’d been aware of the firefighter’s medical issues, watched his progress during the 60-minute exercise.
When the firefighter gasped for breath, the captain implored him to slow down. When his legs cramped, a colleague helped him down a hill. The captain called an ambulance, and the crew gave him oxygen.
Airlifted to a trauma center, the firefigher was treated for heat stroke and a heat-related condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which causes muscle tissue to break down and leak toxins into the blood.
Ashley Vallario, Yaroslav Katkov’s partner, who considered filing a lawsuit but decided against it, still can’t understand why Katkov wasn’t given the same level of care.
Katkov was selfless, she said, someone who would help others even to his detriment.
Early in their relationship, Vallario remembers Katkov taking her on a date to pick up trash on the beach. Initially, that gave her pause, but she’s come to realize it was Katkov’s way of giving back. “It definitely made me, like, a better person,” Vallario said.
Since Katkov’s death, she has pushed Cal Fire to demand more of its leaders.
“You're supposed to have faith that those people would keep them safe,” she said. “It shows what kind of leadership that they're willing to allow.”
Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York, along with Jacob Margolis, a science reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom.
This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.
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involving people restrained by the Richmond Police Department. Other places with cases included Los Angeles, San Diego and cities in Orange and San Bernardino counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the use of the drug \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-health-politics-mn-state-wire-us-news-a872ba9aeeba2f5b0624f8af77f928d3\">ketamine\u003c/a> has drawn scrutiny in other states, AP’s investigation found that California paramedics almost always used midazolam, better known by its brand name Versed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deaths were among \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/associated-press-investigation-deaths-police-encounters-02881a2bd3fbeb1fc31af9208bb0e310\">more than 1,000 that AP’s investigation documented\u003c/a> across the United States of people who died after officers used not their guns, but physical force or weapons such as Tasers that — like sedatives — are not meant to kill. Medical officials said police force caused or contributed to about half of all deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was impossible for the AP to determine the exact role injections may have played in many of the 94 deaths involving sedation that reporters found nationally during the investigation’s 2012–2021 timeframe. Few of those deaths were attributed to the sedation and authorities rarely investigated whether injections were appropriate, focusing more often on the use of force by police and the other drugs in people’s systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea behind the injections is to calm people who are combative, often due to drugs or a psychotic episode, so they can be transported to the hospital. Supporters say sedatives enable rapid treatment while protecting frontline responders from violence. Critics argue that the medications, given without consent, can be too risky to be administered during police encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was among the states with the most sedation cases, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/investigation-police-use-of-force/\">according to the investigation\u003c/a>, which the AP did in collaboration with FRONTLINE (PBS) and the Howard Centers for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Midazolam was given in 15 of the 16 California cases, all by paramedics outside of a hospital. The drug can cause respiratory depression, a side effect experts say may be dangerous when mixed with police restraint tactics that restrict breathing — or with alcohol or certain drugs that a person may already have consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 16th case involved a man injected with a similar class of drug, lorazepam, while police restrained him at a hospital in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two emergency room doctors in San Diego told the AP they have discussed switching to ketamine, which supporters say is safer and works faster than midazolam. But the doctors said negative headlines about ketamine, especially after deaths and misuse in Colorado, stalled that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11981111,news_11871364,news_11979576\"]AP’s investigation shows that the risks of sedation during behavioral emergencies go beyond any specific drug, said Eric Jaeger, an emergency medical services educator in New Hampshire who has studied the issue and advocates for additional safety measures and training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we have better information, we know that it can present a significant danger regardless of the sedative agent used,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedatives were often given as treatments for “excited delirium,” an agitated condition linked to drug use or mental illness that medical groups have disavowed in recent years. California in 2023 became the first state to bar excited delirium as a valid medical diagnosis, including as a cause of death in autopsies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of an ongoing investigation led by The Associated Press in collaboration with the Howard Center for Investigative Journalism programs and FRONTLINE (PBS). The investigation includes the Lethal Restraint \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/investigation-police-use-of-force/visual-story/\">interactive story\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/investigation-police-use-of-force/all-cases/\">database\u003c/a> and the documentary, “Documenting Police Use Of Force,” premiering April 30 on PBS. Contact AP’s global investigative team at Investigative@ap.org or \u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/tips/\">https://www.ap.org/tips/\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"An ongoing AP investigation has found that the deaths happened over the past decade in the Bay Area, Los Angeles, San Diego and cities in Orange and San Bernardino counties.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714246724,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":657},"headData":{"title":"At Least 16 People Died in California After Medics Injected Sedatives During Police Encounters | KQED","description":"An ongoing AP investigation has found that the deaths happened over the past decade in the Bay Area, Los Angeles, San Diego and cities in Orange and San Bernardino counties.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"At Least 16 People Died in California After Medics Injected Sedatives During Police Encounters","datePublished":"2024-04-27T21:00:29.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T19:38:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Ryan J. Foley, Carla K. Johnson\u003cbr>Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984288/at-least-16-people-died-in-california-after-medics-injected-sedatives-during-police-encounters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At least 16 people died in California over a decade following a physical encounter with police during which medical personnel also injected them with a powerful sedative, \u003ca href=\"http://apnews.com/621909ba7491abc2af8ad2e33ba3415b\">an investigation led by The Associated Press has found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the deaths happened in the San Francisco Bay Area, including two in recent years involving people restrained by the Richmond Police Department. Other places with cases included Los Angeles, San Diego and cities in Orange and San Bernardino counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the use of the drug \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-health-politics-mn-state-wire-us-news-a872ba9aeeba2f5b0624f8af77f928d3\">ketamine\u003c/a> has drawn scrutiny in other states, AP’s investigation found that California paramedics almost always used midazolam, better known by its brand name Versed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deaths were among \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/associated-press-investigation-deaths-police-encounters-02881a2bd3fbeb1fc31af9208bb0e310\">more than 1,000 that AP’s investigation documented\u003c/a> across the United States of people who died after officers used not their guns, but physical force or weapons such as Tasers that — like sedatives — are not meant to kill. Medical officials said police force caused or contributed to about half of all deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was impossible for the AP to determine the exact role injections may have played in many of the 94 deaths involving sedation that reporters found nationally during the investigation’s 2012–2021 timeframe. Few of those deaths were attributed to the sedation and authorities rarely investigated whether injections were appropriate, focusing more often on the use of force by police and the other drugs in people’s systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea behind the injections is to calm people who are combative, often due to drugs or a psychotic episode, so they can be transported to the hospital. Supporters say sedatives enable rapid treatment while protecting frontline responders from violence. Critics argue that the medications, given without consent, can be too risky to be administered during police encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was among the states with the most sedation cases, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/investigation-police-use-of-force/\">according to the investigation\u003c/a>, which the AP did in collaboration with FRONTLINE (PBS) and the Howard Centers for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Midazolam was given in 15 of the 16 California cases, all by paramedics outside of a hospital. The drug can cause respiratory depression, a side effect experts say may be dangerous when mixed with police restraint tactics that restrict breathing — or with alcohol or certain drugs that a person may already have consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 16th case involved a man injected with a similar class of drug, lorazepam, while police restrained him at a hospital in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two emergency room doctors in San Diego told the AP they have discussed switching to ketamine, which supporters say is safer and works faster than midazolam. But the doctors said negative headlines about ketamine, especially after deaths and misuse in Colorado, stalled that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11981111,news_11871364,news_11979576"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>AP’s investigation shows that the risks of sedation during behavioral emergencies go beyond any specific drug, said Eric Jaeger, an emergency medical services educator in New Hampshire who has studied the issue and advocates for additional safety measures and training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we have better information, we know that it can present a significant danger regardless of the sedative agent used,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedatives were often given as treatments for “excited delirium,” an agitated condition linked to drug use or mental illness that medical groups have disavowed in recent years. California in 2023 became the first state to bar excited delirium as a valid medical diagnosis, including as a cause of death in autopsies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of an ongoing investigation led by The Associated Press in collaboration with the Howard Center for Investigative Journalism programs and FRONTLINE (PBS). The investigation includes the Lethal Restraint \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/investigation-police-use-of-force/visual-story/\">interactive story\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/projects/investigation-police-use-of-force/all-cases/\">database\u003c/a> and the documentary, “Documenting Police Use Of Force,” premiering April 30 on PBS. Contact AP’s global investigative team at Investigative@ap.org or \u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/tips/\">https://www.ap.org/tips/\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984288/at-least-16-people-died-in-california-after-medics-injected-sedatives-during-police-encounters","authors":["byline_news_11984288"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_33136","news_19662"],"featImg":"news_11984293","label":"news"},"news_11984203":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984203","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984203","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war","title":"Pro-Palestinian Protests Sweep Bay Area College Campuses Amid Surging National Movement","publishDate":1714226413,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Pro-Palestinian Protests Sweep Bay Area College Campuses Amid Surging National Movement | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Capping a week where student protesters at colleges across California staged actions decrying their universities’ business dealings with Israeli-linked companies, students at Stanford University became the latest to join the fray on Thursday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, students at Cal Poly Humboldt began occupying a building on that campus, police clashed with student protesters at the University of Southern California and UC Berkeley attendees started an encampment in front of Sproul Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, around 200 students peacefully marched around the Stanford campus for over an hour. The protest coincided with the university’s “Admit Weekend,” when prospective students are on campus for orientation activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984137\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus on April 25, 2024, calling for the university to divest from Israel. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the protest passed White Plaza, what the university calls its “designated free speech zone,” students rushed to quickly form a perimeter around the plaza and throw down tents and tarps. Yungsu Kim, a student at Stanford and one of the organizers of the protest there, said they were setting up a “People’s University” and planned to stay at least through Friday and hold free classes on the subjects of Palestine and the effect of United States imperialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/zuliemann/status/1783651064425877558\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students like Kim are not only calling on the University to divest but to first disclose their investments, saying there is a lack of transparency by Stanford in its investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They play this shadowy game where they refuse to shed any light on which companies the university is actually invested in,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984143 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus on April 25, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED, director of university public relations Charlene Gage wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university’s endowment has no direct holdings in Israeli companies, or direct holdings in defense contractors, beyond small exposures resulting from passive funds that track broad indexes such as the S&P 500,” Gage wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t necessarily mean that the university doesn’t invest in companies that do business in Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Divestment decisions are made by Stanford’s Board of Trustees. In 2015, the Board declined a proposal to divest of certain companies doing business in Israel. The Board has not received another formal divestment petition on this subject, and its 2015 decision remains in place,” wrote Gage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984142 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators listen to speakers before marching through the Stanford University campus in Stanford on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beheshta Kohistani was among the new students on campus on Thursday for Admit Weekend. The prospective student plans to study biology at Stanford and said that watching how universities respond to peaceful protests like these is “very telling,” especially after seeing how police violently arrested at least 100 people at a student encampment at Columbia University in New York City last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the violent response from Columbia is very telling of the environment, and I wouldn’t want to be in that type of environment learning. So I’m really interested to see how Stanford responds to these student protests because they are largely peaceful, and I think they’re for the good,” Kohistani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has maintained that the university “respects the interest of students in advocating for their views” but has maintained that overnight camping on the campus is prohibited and poses a safety risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Stanford President Richard Saller and Provost Jenny Martinez released a statement that said, “Last night after 8 p.m., university staff handed out letters signed by the two of us to approximately 60 students who remained on White Plaza, notifying them of the university policies they were violating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said: “The submission of students’ names to the Office of Community Standards (OCS) has begun.” As graduation approaches, a previous letter from the University noted that “the initiation of an OCS proceeding at this time of year may inhibit the timely conferral of a diploma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984134 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Organizer Yungsu Kim said he is aware of the risks of protesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am also continuing a legacy of sorts of student involvement in mass movements, where all sectors of society are involved because they know that things like this just cannot continue. Injustice like this can’t continue,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An encampment that began Monday is ongoing and growing at UC Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984220\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984220 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UC Berkeley Gaza Solidarity Encampment in front of Sproul Hall on April 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Monday, students like Lev Collins unfurled their tents across the iconic Sproul steps, home to the 1960s Free Speech movement, which made an indelible mark on campus activism and the country at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am here because of the genocide that’s going on in Gaza. It is completely unacceptable and tragic, and it’s upsetting that our tuition money and our tax dollars are funding this genocide,” Collins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students have vowed to stay there until UC stops investing in companies that benefit Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984215 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley students at the UC Berkeley Gaza Solidarity Encampment in front of Sproul Hall on April 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yousuf Abubakr studies mechanical engineering at Cal. He has just three weeks left to graduate and said he’s doing his best to juggle his studies while running security for the new overnight encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us are falling behind in school, whatever. But, you know, you look at the struggles that we’re seeing on the other side of the world, and we can’t let that go,” Abubakr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984219\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984219 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs set beside tents at UC Berkeley Gaza Solidarity Encampment in front of Sproul Hall on April 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, UC Berkeley said it has no plans to change its investment policies and practices, and UC’s Office of the Chief Investment Officer declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/shossaini\">Sara Hossaini\u003c/a> contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Protests on college campuses over the Israel-Hamas War in Gaza are spreading throughout California. KQED captured images of demonstrations taking place at UC Berkeley and Stanford University.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714238521,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1061},"headData":{"title":"Pro-Palestinian Protests Sweep Bay Area College Campuses Amid Surging National Movement | KQED","description":"Protests on college campuses over the Israel-Hamas War in Gaza are spreading throughout California. KQED captured images of demonstrations taking place at UC Berkeley and Stanford University.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Pro-Palestinian Protests Sweep Bay Area College Campuses Amid Surging National Movement","datePublished":"2024-04-27T14:00:13.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T17:22:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Capping a week where student protesters at colleges across California staged actions decrying their universities’ business dealings with Israeli-linked companies, students at Stanford University became the latest to join the fray on Thursday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, students at Cal Poly Humboldt began occupying a building on that campus, police clashed with student protesters at the University of Southern California and UC Berkeley attendees started an encampment in front of Sproul Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, around 200 students peacefully marched around the Stanford campus for over an hour. The protest coincided with the university’s “Admit Weekend,” when prospective students are on campus for orientation activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984137\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-023-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus on April 25, 2024, calling for the university to divest from Israel. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once the protest passed White Plaza, what the university calls its “designated free speech zone,” students rushed to quickly form a perimeter around the plaza and throw down tents and tarps. Yungsu Kim, a student at Stanford and one of the organizers of the protest there, said they were setting up a “People’s University” and planned to stay at least through Friday and hold free classes on the subjects of Palestine and the effect of United States imperialism.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1783651064425877558"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Students like Kim are not only calling on the University to divest but to first disclose their investments, saying there is a lack of transparency by Stanford in its investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They play this shadowy game where they refuse to shed any light on which companies the university is actually invested in,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984143 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-014-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus on April 25, 2024.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED, director of university public relations Charlene Gage wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university’s endowment has no direct holdings in Israeli companies, or direct holdings in defense contractors, beyond small exposures resulting from passive funds that track broad indexes such as the S&P 500,” Gage wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t necessarily mean that the university doesn’t invest in companies that do business in Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Divestment decisions are made by Stanford’s Board of Trustees. In 2015, the Board declined a proposal to divest of certain companies doing business in Israel. The Board has not received another formal divestment petition on this subject, and its 2015 decision remains in place,” wrote Gage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984142 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-009-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators listen to speakers before marching through the Stanford University campus in Stanford on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beheshta Kohistani was among the new students on campus on Thursday for Admit Weekend. The prospective student plans to study biology at Stanford and said that watching how universities respond to peaceful protests like these is “very telling,” especially after seeing how police violently arrested at least 100 people at a student encampment at Columbia University in New York City last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the violent response from Columbia is very telling of the environment, and I wouldn’t want to be in that type of environment learning. So I’m really interested to see how Stanford responds to these student protests because they are largely peaceful, and I think they’re for the good,” Kohistani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford has maintained that the university “respects the interest of students in advocating for their views” but has maintained that overnight camping on the campus is prohibited and poses a safety risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Stanford President Richard Saller and Provost Jenny Martinez released a statement that said, “Last night after 8 p.m., university staff handed out letters signed by the two of us to approximately 60 students who remained on White Plaza, notifying them of the university policies they were violating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said: “The submission of students’ names to the Office of Community Standards (OCS) has begun.” As graduation approaches, a previous letter from the University noted that “the initiation of an OCS proceeding at this time of year may inhibit the timely conferral of a diploma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984134 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-020-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus on April 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Organizer Yungsu Kim said he is aware of the risks of protesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am also continuing a legacy of sorts of student involvement in mass movements, where all sectors of society are involved because they know that things like this just cannot continue. Injustice like this can’t continue,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An encampment that began Monday is ongoing and growing at UC Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984220\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984220 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-06_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UC Berkeley Gaza Solidarity Encampment in front of Sproul Hall on April 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Monday, students like Lev Collins unfurled their tents across the iconic Sproul steps, home to the 1960s Free Speech movement, which made an indelible mark on campus activism and the country at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am here because of the genocide that’s going on in Gaza. It is completely unacceptable and tragic, and it’s upsetting that our tuition money and our tax dollars are funding this genocide,” Collins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students have vowed to stay there until UC stops investing in companies that benefit Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984215 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240423-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-05_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley students at the UC Berkeley Gaza Solidarity Encampment in front of Sproul Hall on April 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yousuf Abubakr studies mechanical engineering at Cal. He has just three weeks left to graduate and said he’s doing his best to juggle his studies while running security for the new overnight encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us are falling behind in school, whatever. But, you know, you look at the struggles that we’re seeing on the other side of the world, and we can’t let that go,” Abubakr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984219\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984219 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240424-BERKELEY-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-03_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs set beside tents at UC Berkeley Gaza Solidarity Encampment in front of Sproul Hall on April 24, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, UC Berkeley said it has no plans to change its investment policies and practices, and UC’s Office of the Chief Investment Officer declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/shossaini\">Sara Hossaini\u003c/a> contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war","authors":["11785"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_1386","news_18538","news_20013","news_27626","news_6631","news_33333","news_745","news_1928","news_17597","news_33765"],"featImg":"news_11984136","label":"news"},"news_11984163":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984163","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984163","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-caps-rising-health-care-costs-heres-how-it-works","title":"California Regulators Just Approved New Rule to Cap Health Care Costs. Here's How It Works","publishDate":1714244427,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Regulators Just Approved New Rule to Cap Health Care Costs. Here’s How It Works | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>You won’t notice it right away, but a new California state agency took a major step this week toward \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2024/02/health-care-costs-cap/\">reining in the seemingly uncontrollable costs of health care\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB184\">Office of Health Care Affordability\u003c/a> approved the state’s first cap on health industry spending increases, limiting growth to 3% by 2029. This means that hospitals, doctors and health insurers will need to find ways to cut costs to prevent annual per capita spending from exceeding the target. Between 2015 and 2020, per capita health spending in California grew more than 5% each year, according to federal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A board appointed by Gov. Gavin Newsom and the Legislature on Wednesday approved the new regulations in a 6–1 vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly, who chairs the board, said the regulations recognize that Californians are struggling every day to pay for\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/category/health/\"> health care\u003c/a> and that the state has a role in helping them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a place in making sure it becomes more affordable,” Ghaly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals, doctors and insurers battled over the regulations for months, arguing that rising inflation and labor costs would make the target impossible to achieve. An earlier proposal would have moved more aggressively to cap costs. The final version gives the industry time to rein in spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghaly said he is confident that health care industry leaders will be able to find solutions to meet the new target. “When that happens, it’s going to be great for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-how-does-it-work\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How does it work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Increased health spending most often translates to higher out-of-pocket costs for consumers through premiums, deductibles and copays. The annual spending benchmark would require health care providers to limit spending growth to 3.5% next year, decreasing to 3% by 2029. Providers — including hospitals, doctors groups and health insurers — must submit spending data to the state to demonstrate that they comply with the cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The affordability office also has the authority to enforce penalties, including performance improvement plans and fines, for organizations that exceed the benchmark. It will not enforce penalties until 2029.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Jim Wood, a Democrat from Ukiah, at the meeting, urged the board to send a clear message to Californians that the state is taking affordability seriously. Wood spearheaded the legislation that created the office in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not an exaggeration to say that people are deciding whether to get food on the table or get their medicines,” Wood said. “This is not an exercise. This is an effort to impact the real-life experiences of people in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-how-will-providers-lower-health-care-costs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How will providers lower health care costs?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, it’s up to the health care organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board hopes health care organizations will crack down on inefficient and wasteful health spending, such as administrative inefficiency and redundant or poorly coordinated testing. But it doesn’t want to discourage spending on primary care and behavioral health. The affordability office will monitor spending in those areas to ensure organizations do not reduce services or access to preventative care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-will-californians-see-cheaper-health-care\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Will Californians see cheaper health care?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yes, but it may not feel like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growth cap is not a mandate for providers to lower prices. Californians will not pay less for health insurance next year than they did this year. For those who already can’t afford health care — some estimates peg that number at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/2024-chcf-california-health-policy-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than 50% of Californians \u003c/a>— the cap won’t bring any immediate relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the cap is to prevent future prices from increasing uncontrollably. This year, health insurance premiums on the state’s Affordable Care Act Exchange increased by 9.6% statewide, with double-digit increases in many regions. Personal health care spending shot up 60% between 2010 and 2020, reaching $405 billion, according to federal data. That’s $10,299 per person. \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/tracking-the-rise-in-premium-contributions-and-cost-sharing-for-families-with-large-employer-coverage/#Cumulative%20growth%20in%20out-of-pocket%20and%20total%20health%20spending%20for%20people%20with%20large%20employer%20coverage,%202007-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Household health spending\u003c/a> has also grown twice as fast as wages, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to recognize how many Californians can’t pay for health care, the affordability office tied the cap to the average annual median household income growth, which has historically been about 3% over the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-will-california-succeed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Will California succeed?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is not the first state to try to lower health care costs. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/cost-commissions-eight-states-address-cost-growth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eight other states\u003c/a> have similar cost benchmarks, although California’s is one of the more aggressive targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts, the first state to set a health spending benchmark, has largely met its target growth rate of 3.6% over the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in recent years, with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, states have found it harder to contain costs. \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/forefront/6-29-angeles-piece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Connecticut, Delaware and Massachusetts\u003c/a> significantly surpassed their spending targets between 2020 and 2021 primarily because of increased health care use, according to a report by the policy journal Health Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-who-opposed-the-spending-cap\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who opposed the spending cap?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Former state Sen. Dr. Richard Pan was the sole no-vote on the new regulations, arguing that the state needed to recognize how changing population needs, such as aging, would affect future health care spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan and groups representing hospitals and doctors have argued that the state should have set a more “realistic” target rather than one most organizations will fail to achieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the board, the California Hospital Association proposed a 6.3% target for 2025 and urged state regulators to consider how inflation, aging and a new law that raises the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/11/california-health-care-minimum-wage-cost/#:~:text=While%20the%20original%20bill%20would,because%20of%20the%20new%20law.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">minimum wage for health care workers\u003c/a> would drive up costs. Association President Carmela Coyle said in a statement after the vote that the new regulations will worsen access to care as organizations are forced to make cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The office is charged by law to do more than limit spending,” Coyle said. “It’s imperative that the board analyze the impact of its decision on patients and create a process to reconsider future targets to protect access to equitable, quality care for every Californian.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Association of Health Plans, representing most insurers, and the California Medical Association, representing doctors, voiced support for the phased-in 3% target this week but have previously pushed the affordability office to consider other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adopting a 3% health care spending growth target, which most physician practices and health care entities will be unable to meet, will negatively impact access to health care for Californians,” medical association President Dr. Tanya Spirtos wrote ahead of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-who-supported-the-health-spending-cap\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who supported the health spending cap?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new regulations are largely supported by unions, employers and consumer advocates. Supporters turned up in force at the vote to give examples of how housekeepers, bartenders, teachers, carpenters, nurses and other workers cannot afford health care even with insurance and frequently forgo raises to pay for ever-growing medical spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11975284,science_1991871,news_11983752\"]“Consumers, particularly people of color, are burdened by record medical debt and are making daily choices between health care, housing, and food,” said Kiran Savage-Sangwan, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, at the meeting. “If we want a different outcome, we need to change the incentives in our system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Wright, executive director of Health Access California, said the new spending target was “long-awaited, but welcome news for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California consumers, patients and payers have been screaming for years about the cost,” Wright said. “This will provide some downward pressure on what has been ever-increasing hikes in our health care costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that\u003c/em> \u003cem>people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">\u003cem>www.chcf.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to learn more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California now is one of 9 states with regulations limiting health care cost increases. Consumers won’t necessarily notice the changes, but supporters say they will make a difference over time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714246821,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1327},"headData":{"title":"California Regulators Just Approved New Rule to Cap Health Care Costs. Here's How It Works | KQED","description":"California now is one of 9 states with regulations limiting health care cost increases. Consumers won’t necessarily notice the changes, but supporters say they will make a difference over time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Regulators Just Approved New Rule to Cap Health Care Costs. Here's How It Works","datePublished":"2024-04-27T19:00:27.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T19:40:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/kristen-hwang/\">Kristen Hwang\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984163/california-caps-rising-health-care-costs-heres-how-it-works","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You won’t notice it right away, but a new California state agency took a major step this week toward \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2024/02/health-care-costs-cap/\">reining in the seemingly uncontrollable costs of health care\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB184\">Office of Health Care Affordability\u003c/a> approved the state’s first cap on health industry spending increases, limiting growth to 3% by 2029. This means that hospitals, doctors and health insurers will need to find ways to cut costs to prevent annual per capita spending from exceeding the target. Between 2015 and 2020, per capita health spending in California grew more than 5% each year, according to federal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A board appointed by Gov. Gavin Newsom and the Legislature on Wednesday approved the new regulations in a 6–1 vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly, who chairs the board, said the regulations recognize that Californians are struggling every day to pay for\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/category/health/\"> health care\u003c/a> and that the state has a role in helping them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a place in making sure it becomes more affordable,” Ghaly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals, doctors and insurers battled over the regulations for months, arguing that rising inflation and labor costs would make the target impossible to achieve. An earlier proposal would have moved more aggressively to cap costs. The final version gives the industry time to rein in spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghaly said he is confident that health care industry leaders will be able to find solutions to meet the new target. “When that happens, it’s going to be great for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-how-does-it-work\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How does it work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Increased health spending most often translates to higher out-of-pocket costs for consumers through premiums, deductibles and copays. The annual spending benchmark would require health care providers to limit spending growth to 3.5% next year, decreasing to 3% by 2029. Providers — including hospitals, doctors groups and health insurers — must submit spending data to the state to demonstrate that they comply with the cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The affordability office also has the authority to enforce penalties, including performance improvement plans and fines, for organizations that exceed the benchmark. It will not enforce penalties until 2029.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Jim Wood, a Democrat from Ukiah, at the meeting, urged the board to send a clear message to Californians that the state is taking affordability seriously. Wood spearheaded the legislation that created the office in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not an exaggeration to say that people are deciding whether to get food on the table or get their medicines,” Wood said. “This is not an exercise. This is an effort to impact the real-life experiences of people in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-how-will-providers-lower-health-care-costs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How will providers lower health care costs?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, it’s up to the health care organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board hopes health care organizations will crack down on inefficient and wasteful health spending, such as administrative inefficiency and redundant or poorly coordinated testing. But it doesn’t want to discourage spending on primary care and behavioral health. The affordability office will monitor spending in those areas to ensure organizations do not reduce services or access to preventative care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-will-californians-see-cheaper-health-care\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Will Californians see cheaper health care?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yes, but it may not feel like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growth cap is not a mandate for providers to lower prices. Californians will not pay less for health insurance next year than they did this year. For those who already can’t afford health care — some estimates peg that number at \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/2024-chcf-california-health-policy-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than 50% of Californians \u003c/a>— the cap won’t bring any immediate relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the cap is to prevent future prices from increasing uncontrollably. This year, health insurance premiums on the state’s Affordable Care Act Exchange increased by 9.6% statewide, with double-digit increases in many regions. Personal health care spending shot up 60% between 2010 and 2020, reaching $405 billion, according to federal data. That’s $10,299 per person. \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/tracking-the-rise-in-premium-contributions-and-cost-sharing-for-families-with-large-employer-coverage/#Cumulative%20growth%20in%20out-of-pocket%20and%20total%20health%20spending%20for%20people%20with%20large%20employer%20coverage,%202007-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Household health spending\u003c/a> has also grown twice as fast as wages, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to recognize how many Californians can’t pay for health care, the affordability office tied the cap to the average annual median household income growth, which has historically been about 3% over the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-will-california-succeed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Will California succeed?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is not the first state to try to lower health care costs. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/cost-commissions-eight-states-address-cost-growth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eight other states\u003c/a> have similar cost benchmarks, although California’s is one of the more aggressive targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts, the first state to set a health spending benchmark, has largely met its target growth rate of 3.6% over the past 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in recent years, with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, states have found it harder to contain costs. \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/forefront/6-29-angeles-piece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Connecticut, Delaware and Massachusetts\u003c/a> significantly surpassed their spending targets between 2020 and 2021 primarily because of increased health care use, according to a report by the policy journal Health Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-who-opposed-the-spending-cap\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who opposed the spending cap?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Former state Sen. Dr. Richard Pan was the sole no-vote on the new regulations, arguing that the state needed to recognize how changing population needs, such as aging, would affect future health care spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan and groups representing hospitals and doctors have argued that the state should have set a more “realistic” target rather than one most organizations will fail to achieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the board, the California Hospital Association proposed a 6.3% target for 2025 and urged state regulators to consider how inflation, aging and a new law that raises the state \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2023/11/california-health-care-minimum-wage-cost/#:~:text=While%20the%20original%20bill%20would,because%20of%20the%20new%20law.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">minimum wage for health care workers\u003c/a> would drive up costs. Association President Carmela Coyle said in a statement after the vote that the new regulations will worsen access to care as organizations are forced to make cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The office is charged by law to do more than limit spending,” Coyle said. “It’s imperative that the board analyze the impact of its decision on patients and create a process to reconsider future targets to protect access to equitable, quality care for every Californian.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Association of Health Plans, representing most insurers, and the California Medical Association, representing doctors, voiced support for the phased-in 3% target this week but have previously pushed the affordability office to consider other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adopting a 3% health care spending growth target, which most physician practices and health care entities will be unable to meet, will negatively impact access to health care for Californians,” medical association President Dr. Tanya Spirtos wrote ahead of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-who-supported-the-health-spending-cap\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who supported the health spending cap?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new regulations are largely supported by unions, employers and consumer advocates. Supporters turned up in force at the vote to give examples of how housekeepers, bartenders, teachers, carpenters, nurses and other workers cannot afford health care even with insurance and frequently forgo raises to pay for ever-growing medical spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11975284,science_1991871,news_11983752"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Consumers, particularly people of color, are burdened by record medical debt and are making daily choices between health care, housing, and food,” said Kiran Savage-Sangwan, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, at the meeting. “If we want a different outcome, we need to change the incentives in our system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Wright, executive director of Health Access California, said the new spending target was “long-awaited, but welcome news for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California consumers, patients and payers have been screaming for years about the cost,” Wright said. “This will provide some downward pressure on what has been ever-increasing hikes in our health care costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that\u003c/em> \u003cem>people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">\u003cem>www.chcf.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to learn more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984163/california-caps-rising-health-care-costs-heres-how-it-works","authors":["byline_news_11984163"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_25015","news_18543","news_683"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11984165","label":"news_18481"},"news_11984302":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984302","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984302","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"9-california-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers-says-report","title":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report","publishDate":1714323602,"format":"standard","headTitle":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Nine rural California counties, most struggling with student achievement and teacher recruitment, are in teacher education deserts, according to a report released Tuesday from the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alpine, Del Norte, Imperial, Inyo, Lassen, Modoc, Mono, Sierra and Siskiyou counties do not have teacher preparation programs within 60 miles of their county offices of education, according to the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://transformschools.ucla.edu/research/californias-teacher-education-deserts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Teacher Education Deserts: An Overlooked and Growing Equity Challenge.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that research suggests that teachers are more likely to complete their student teaching and also secure employment close to where they receive their teacher training,” said Kai Mathews, project director for the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, six of the nine counties have a higher percentage of underprepared teachers than the state average of 4% to 5%, according to the study. Of the nine counties, Modoc and Lassen have the highest percentage of underprepared teachers at 14% and 17% respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underprepared teachers work on intern credentials or emergency-style permits that don’t require them to complete teacher training, or on waivers that allow them to teach a subject outside their credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the state requires that districts only hire underprepared teachers if fully qualified teachers are not available, high rates of underprepared teachers are an indicator that districts in that county are struggling to recruit and hire qualified teachers, said UCLA researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rural teachers scarce\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There could be many reasons teachers are hard to find in rural areas, including fewer nearby institutions of higher education, which leads to a lower than average percentage of residents with bachelor’s degrees and therefore a smaller pool of potential teacher candidates, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties that border other states and countries also have significantly higher teacher vacancy rates compared with nonborder districts, said Hui Huang, a researcher on the project. All nine of the California counties classified as teacher education deserts are bordered by either Oregon, Nevada, Arizona or Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural school districts face significant challenges in recruiting and retaining teachers,” said Yuri Calderon, executive director of the Small School Districts’ Association. “In addition to the proximity to teacher educational programs, rural communities face challenges related to competition from higher urban compensation schedules, housing shortages and a lack of support resources commonly found in urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural counties also lose talented young residents who go to urban and suburban areas for more opportunity, Huang said. In small districts, the loss of even one teacher can impact course availability for students, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/teacher-shortages-take-center-stage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learning Policy Institute\u003c/a> research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teacher shortage affects students\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The geographic location of a school district plays a significant role in teacher recruitment and retention, and ultimately in the educational outcomes of the district’s students, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in each of these counties, except Mono, fell below the state average on the English language arts portion of the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, also known as CAASPP, in the 2022–23 school year. All nine counties fell below the state average of students who meet standards on the math portion of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-performing schools may struggle to attract teachers due to negative public perceptions, Huang said. Research also indicates that highly qualified educators are substantially more likely to leave low-performing schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Time for creative solutions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>School districts in Mono County have had to get creative to fill teacher positions, despite their prime location near Yosemite National Park and Mammoth Lakes, said Stacey Adler, Mono County superintendent of schools. One district with a dual-immersion program hired teachers from South America to fill open teaching positions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of housing and a growing disinterest in the profession among young people are the biggest hurdles to hiring new teachers in Mono County, Adler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have got to start them early because, quite frankly, there aren’t a lot of kids that say they want to be teachers these days,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adler taught child development at Mammoth High School for two years in an attempt to get students interested in teaching, she said. Now the school plans to use a portion of a recent grant to develop a K–12 education pathway at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rural students and our rural teacher workforce, as small as it is, is suffering,” said Annamarie Francois, associate dean of public engagement at UCLA and a member of the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. “We have a responsibility and an obligation to our community to bring our creative solutions and innovations to bear on those parts of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer may be creating teacher credentialing programs at community colleges in these counties, according to the study. Although all nine teaching education deserts are not located near a university teacher preparation program, five are within 60 miles of a community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early childhood education programs already in place at community colleges could be expanded to K–12 licensing programs, according to the report. The state could also work with county offices of education to develop residency programs so that teacher candidates could earn a credential without leaving the area to take classes or to student teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple states, like Florida, Texas and Washington, already offer similar credentialing pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Expanding local college programs to include K–12 certification, particularly at community colleges, can be a positive solution to address the challenges faced by rural school districts,” Small School Districts’ Association Director Calderon said. “By growing teachers from within these communities, rural districts can improve recruitment and retention efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11928042,news_11923873,news_11918450\"]Although the study recommended that community college credentialing programs focus on residents who already hold bachelor’s degrees, Steve Bautista of the Center for Teacher Education at Santa Ana College suggested that the 39 bachelor’s degrees already being offered in community colleges be expanded to include degrees that could lead to teacher preparation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five of the nine TEP deserts will fall away if we were able to utilize, in some capacity, community colleges to license teachers,” UCLA’s Mathews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA researchers also recommend that the state take a comprehensive approach to recruiting and retaining teachers in these counties, including financial support, mentorship programs and professional development targeted to rural teachers. County offices of education should also collaborate to develop a regional marketing campaign to recruit teachers, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State policy would have to change to put many of these programs in place, Francois said. Leaders from the state’s community colleges, universities and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing could work together to produce a feasibility study on how to create a seamless bachelor’s degree and credential program at rural community colleges, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take collaboration among folks that maybe haven’t collaborated together in bold thinking, and some courage to think about how we might do this differently in unique spaces,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/rural-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers/710566\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The UCLA report defines 9 rural counties as 'teacher education deserts' and says allowing community colleges to offer K–12 credentials could be a solution.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714250181,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1214},"headData":{"title":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report | KQED","description":"The UCLA report defines 9 rural counties as 'teacher education deserts' and says allowing community colleges to offer K–12 credentials could be a solution.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report","datePublished":"2024-04-28T17:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T20:36:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"EdSource","sourceUrl":"https://edsource.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/dlambert\">Diana Lambert\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984302/9-california-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers-says-report","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nine rural California counties, most struggling with student achievement and teacher recruitment, are in teacher education deserts, according to a report released Tuesday from the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alpine, Del Norte, Imperial, Inyo, Lassen, Modoc, Mono, Sierra and Siskiyou counties do not have teacher preparation programs within 60 miles of their county offices of education, according to the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://transformschools.ucla.edu/research/californias-teacher-education-deserts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Teacher Education Deserts: An Overlooked and Growing Equity Challenge.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that research suggests that teachers are more likely to complete their student teaching and also secure employment close to where they receive their teacher training,” said Kai Mathews, project director for the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, six of the nine counties have a higher percentage of underprepared teachers than the state average of 4% to 5%, according to the study. Of the nine counties, Modoc and Lassen have the highest percentage of underprepared teachers at 14% and 17% respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underprepared teachers work on intern credentials or emergency-style permits that don’t require them to complete teacher training, or on waivers that allow them to teach a subject outside their credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the state requires that districts only hire underprepared teachers if fully qualified teachers are not available, high rates of underprepared teachers are an indicator that districts in that county are struggling to recruit and hire qualified teachers, said UCLA researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rural teachers scarce\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There could be many reasons teachers are hard to find in rural areas, including fewer nearby institutions of higher education, which leads to a lower than average percentage of residents with bachelor’s degrees and therefore a smaller pool of potential teacher candidates, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties that border other states and countries also have significantly higher teacher vacancy rates compared with nonborder districts, said Hui Huang, a researcher on the project. All nine of the California counties classified as teacher education deserts are bordered by either Oregon, Nevada, Arizona or Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural school districts face significant challenges in recruiting and retaining teachers,” said Yuri Calderon, executive director of the Small School Districts’ Association. “In addition to the proximity to teacher educational programs, rural communities face challenges related to competition from higher urban compensation schedules, housing shortages and a lack of support resources commonly found in urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural counties also lose talented young residents who go to urban and suburban areas for more opportunity, Huang said. In small districts, the loss of even one teacher can impact course availability for students, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/teacher-shortages-take-center-stage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learning Policy Institute\u003c/a> research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teacher shortage affects students\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The geographic location of a school district plays a significant role in teacher recruitment and retention, and ultimately in the educational outcomes of the district’s students, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in each of these counties, except Mono, fell below the state average on the English language arts portion of the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, also known as CAASPP, in the 2022–23 school year. All nine counties fell below the state average of students who meet standards on the math portion of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-performing schools may struggle to attract teachers due to negative public perceptions, Huang said. Research also indicates that highly qualified educators are substantially more likely to leave low-performing schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Time for creative solutions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>School districts in Mono County have had to get creative to fill teacher positions, despite their prime location near Yosemite National Park and Mammoth Lakes, said Stacey Adler, Mono County superintendent of schools. One district with a dual-immersion program hired teachers from South America to fill open teaching positions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of housing and a growing disinterest in the profession among young people are the biggest hurdles to hiring new teachers in Mono County, Adler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have got to start them early because, quite frankly, there aren’t a lot of kids that say they want to be teachers these days,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adler taught child development at Mammoth High School for two years in an attempt to get students interested in teaching, she said. Now the school plans to use a portion of a recent grant to develop a K–12 education pathway at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rural students and our rural teacher workforce, as small as it is, is suffering,” said Annamarie Francois, associate dean of public engagement at UCLA and a member of the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. “We have a responsibility and an obligation to our community to bring our creative solutions and innovations to bear on those parts of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer may be creating teacher credentialing programs at community colleges in these counties, according to the study. Although all nine teaching education deserts are not located near a university teacher preparation program, five are within 60 miles of a community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early childhood education programs already in place at community colleges could be expanded to K–12 licensing programs, according to the report. The state could also work with county offices of education to develop residency programs so that teacher candidates could earn a credential without leaving the area to take classes or to student teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple states, like Florida, Texas and Washington, already offer similar credentialing pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Expanding local college programs to include K–12 certification, particularly at community colleges, can be a positive solution to address the challenges faced by rural school districts,” Small School Districts’ Association Director Calderon said. “By growing teachers from within these communities, rural districts can improve recruitment and retention efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11928042,news_11923873,news_11918450"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Although the study recommended that community college credentialing programs focus on residents who already hold bachelor’s degrees, Steve Bautista of the Center for Teacher Education at Santa Ana College suggested that the 39 bachelor’s degrees already being offered in community colleges be expanded to include degrees that could lead to teacher preparation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five of the nine TEP deserts will fall away if we were able to utilize, in some capacity, community colleges to license teachers,” UCLA’s Mathews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA researchers also recommend that the state take a comprehensive approach to recruiting and retaining teachers in these counties, including financial support, mentorship programs and professional development targeted to rural teachers. County offices of education should also collaborate to develop a regional marketing campaign to recruit teachers, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State policy would have to change to put many of these programs in place, Francois said. Leaders from the state’s community colleges, universities and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing could work together to produce a feasibility study on how to create a seamless bachelor’s degree and credential program at rural community colleges, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take collaboration among folks that maybe haven’t collaborated together in bold thinking, and some courage to think about how we might do this differently in unique spaces,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/rural-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers/710566\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984302/9-california-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers-says-report","authors":["byline_news_11984302"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_32580","news_20013","news_27626","news_21463","news_21603"],"featImg":"news_11984304","label":"source_news_11984302"},"news_11984115":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984115","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984115","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"women-forced-to-relocate-from-fci-dublin-prison-report-traumatizing-journey-seek-compassionate-release","title":"Women at Troubled East Bay Prison Forced to Relocate Across the Country","publishDate":1714222806,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Women at Troubled East Bay Prison Forced to Relocate Across the Country | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Nearly all 605 people who were incarcerated at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979936/judge-certifies-class-action-lawsuit-for-women-incarcerated-at-fci-dublin\">scandal-ridden federal women’s prison\u003c/a> in the East Bay are being forced to transfer to different facilities across the country, sending some thousands of miles away from their families and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m depressed, I’m sad, I’m mad, I just have all these emotions,” said Ashley Castillo, who was transferred from the Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) Dublin to FCI Aliceville in Alabama over the weekend. “Alabama is really far from home, I don’t want to be here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, guards began loading women on buses to transfer them to the small handful of other low-security federal women’s prisons around the country, located in Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Minnesota, Texas and West Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo’s relocation involved a multi-leg bus ride to Las Vegas, Nevada, where she boarded a plane to Atlanta, Georgia. From there, she was loaded on another bus, for a nearly four-hour trip to the remote town of Aliceville. The bus had one non-flush toilet with a “see-through” privacy sheet, she said, but women were not even able to take off their handcuffs to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was disgusting. I was on my menstrual [cycle] and I bled through my underwear,” Castillo told KQED on a collect call from FCI Aliceville. “Just putting on or taking off a pad was so hard and the shackles hurt so badly because they would tighten them like we were going to escape or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, long before Castillo knew FCI Dublin would eventually be shuttered, she filed a motion for early compassionate release, a process that allows individuals to be released early from prison due to extraordinary circumstances. After the transfers started this month, dozens of other people incarcerated at the facility have filed similar motions, according to court filings and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suffer from extreme trauma and anxiety and high blood pressure. We were told abruptly that we were relocating and had only 20 minutes to pack out (sic) all my personal belongings,” reads one such recent request to BOP from an incarcerated person at FCI Dublin. “This is unfair, unhuman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relocations began after the Federal Bureau of Prisons \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982973/feds-abruptly-close-east-bay-womens-prison-following-sexual-abuse-scandals\">abruptly started to shut down the facility\u003c/a> on April 15, following \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11904298/ap-investigation-dublin-womens-prison-fostered-culture-of-abuse\">years of reports of sexual abuse\u003c/a> by guards, and allegations of as well as retaliation against incarcerated women who reported misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight former FCI Dublin prison officers, including the former warden and a former chaplain, have been charged over the last two years with sexual abuse and seven have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980960/another-dublin-womens-prison-officer-sentenced-for-sexual-abuse\">sentenced\u003c/a>. The prison still faces nearly 60 individual lawsuits from women formerly incarcerated there, as well as a class action suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reviewed nearly two dozen compassionate release requests that have been submitted since the prison closed. Many cited medical issues and anxiety that have been amplified during the relocation process, as well as ongoing concerns about being far away from families and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a young daughter who was left behind at age 11 with my elderly ill parents, who have already passed away since,” reads another letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Thursday, a small fraction of incarcerated women remained at the prison, including those whose release is pending or who may be transferred to a facility outside the BOP system, according to BOP spokesperson Scott Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The process involved careful planning and coordination to ensure the safe transfer of women to other facilities, with special attention given to their unique programming, medical, and mental health requirements,” Taylor wrote in an email. “We continue to expect that the women’s needs are addressed with compassion and respect, providing ongoing support as needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attorneys for some of the transferred women who are now seeking compassionate release said their clients told them the experience was unnecessarily harsh, with reports of guards yelling at the women to hurry up and throwing out some of their personal belongings, like photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they were actually being transferred, the travel process was pretty brutal,” said Alana McMains, Castillo’s attorney. “Many women were given little notice in advance to leave and given little time to pack their belongings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983285/federal-bureau-of-prisons-challenges-judges-decision-to-delay-inmate-transfers-from-fci-dublin\">Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers earlier this month ordered to delay the transfers\u003c/a> and for BOP to follow certain protocols before doing so, including evaluating medical conditions and eligibility for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McMains said many of the incarcerated women she represents told her those protocols were largely ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women reported that they didn’t have access to a bathroom and were forced to defecate on themselves, McMains said. “One woman told me she did not have her medication and was vomiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jaehyun Oh has represented a total of 36 women who have alleged that guards at FCI Dublin sexually abused them. Four of her clients were still housed at the prison when it closed last week and shared similar horrific experiences with her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are happy the prison is closed. But the way that it happened, the abruptness and how there was no preparation for it whatsoever has been very hard,” Oh told KQED. “A lot of them have family in California or on the West Coast, and my four clients are no longer on the West Coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOP announced that it was closing FCI Dublin just over a week after U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzales Rogers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982014/judge-chooses-top-pick-for-special-master-to-oversee-womens-prison-following-rampant-abuse\">appointed Wendy Still to be the agency’s first ever “special master”\u003c/a> and oversee mandatory changes at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOP has not said how long it plans to keep FCI Dublin closed or what will become of the facility if it never reopens, although its staff will not lose their jobs, Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California Sens. Lafonza Butler and Alex Padilla were among five senators who asked the BOP to respond to reports of the hectic prison transfers and other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11983285,news_11982973,news_11982014\"]The letter said they intend to exercise the oversight authority of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee over the BOP to monitor the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This reporting is appalling and even more concerning in light of the well-documented abuses that have taken place previously at FCI Dublin,” the letter reads. “Individuals in custody at FCI Dublin have long endured a toxic carceral culture marked by sexual assault, harassment and medical neglect at the hands of BOP staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for incarcerated women are also calling on President Joe Biden to grant clemency to all of the women who claimed they were sexually abused at FCI Dublin, and for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to lift immigration detainers for noncitizens who were held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s heartbreaking. Everybody is upset. So many of these individuals had already suffered extensive trauma before they came to FCI Dublin, and at FCI Dublin, and this appears to have been handled the worst way possible,” said Kara Janssen, a plaintiff attorney at Rosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influx of compassionate release requests, she said, “shows the chaos this process has caused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no reason for this process to be so rushed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter Alex Hall contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Federal Bureau of Prisons abruptly shut down FCI Dublin following years of sexual abuse reports. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714182954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1253},"headData":{"title":"Women at Troubled East Bay Prison Forced to Relocate Across the Country | KQED","description":"The Federal Bureau of Prisons abruptly shut down FCI Dublin following years of sexual abuse reports. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Women at Troubled East Bay Prison Forced to Relocate Across the Country","datePublished":"2024-04-27T13:00:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T01:55:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984115/women-forced-to-relocate-from-fci-dublin-prison-report-traumatizing-journey-seek-compassionate-release","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly all 605 people who were incarcerated at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979936/judge-certifies-class-action-lawsuit-for-women-incarcerated-at-fci-dublin\">scandal-ridden federal women’s prison\u003c/a> in the East Bay are being forced to transfer to different facilities across the country, sending some thousands of miles away from their families and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m depressed, I’m sad, I’m mad, I just have all these emotions,” said Ashley Castillo, who was transferred from the Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) Dublin to FCI Aliceville in Alabama over the weekend. “Alabama is really far from home, I don’t want to be here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, guards began loading women on buses to transfer them to the small handful of other low-security federal women’s prisons around the country, located in Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Minnesota, Texas and West Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo’s relocation involved a multi-leg bus ride to Las Vegas, Nevada, where she boarded a plane to Atlanta, Georgia. From there, she was loaded on another bus, for a nearly four-hour trip to the remote town of Aliceville. The bus had one non-flush toilet with a “see-through” privacy sheet, she said, but women were not even able to take off their handcuffs to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was disgusting. I was on my menstrual [cycle] and I bled through my underwear,” Castillo told KQED on a collect call from FCI Aliceville. “Just putting on or taking off a pad was so hard and the shackles hurt so badly because they would tighten them like we were going to escape or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, long before Castillo knew FCI Dublin would eventually be shuttered, she filed a motion for early compassionate release, a process that allows individuals to be released early from prison due to extraordinary circumstances. After the transfers started this month, dozens of other people incarcerated at the facility have filed similar motions, according to court filings and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suffer from extreme trauma and anxiety and high blood pressure. We were told abruptly that we were relocating and had only 20 minutes to pack out (sic) all my personal belongings,” reads one such recent request to BOP from an incarcerated person at FCI Dublin. “This is unfair, unhuman.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relocations began after the Federal Bureau of Prisons \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982973/feds-abruptly-close-east-bay-womens-prison-following-sexual-abuse-scandals\">abruptly started to shut down the facility\u003c/a> on April 15, following \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11904298/ap-investigation-dublin-womens-prison-fostered-culture-of-abuse\">years of reports of sexual abuse\u003c/a> by guards, and allegations of as well as retaliation against incarcerated women who reported misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight former FCI Dublin prison officers, including the former warden and a former chaplain, have been charged over the last two years with sexual abuse and seven have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980960/another-dublin-womens-prison-officer-sentenced-for-sexual-abuse\">sentenced\u003c/a>. The prison still faces nearly 60 individual lawsuits from women formerly incarcerated there, as well as a class action suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reviewed nearly two dozen compassionate release requests that have been submitted since the prison closed. Many cited medical issues and anxiety that have been amplified during the relocation process, as well as ongoing concerns about being far away from families and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a young daughter who was left behind at age 11 with my elderly ill parents, who have already passed away since,” reads another letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Thursday, a small fraction of incarcerated women remained at the prison, including those whose release is pending or who may be transferred to a facility outside the BOP system, according to BOP spokesperson Scott Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The process involved careful planning and coordination to ensure the safe transfer of women to other facilities, with special attention given to their unique programming, medical, and mental health requirements,” Taylor wrote in an email. “We continue to expect that the women’s needs are addressed with compassion and respect, providing ongoing support as needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attorneys for some of the transferred women who are now seeking compassionate release said their clients told them the experience was unnecessarily harsh, with reports of guards yelling at the women to hurry up and throwing out some of their personal belongings, like photographs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they were actually being transferred, the travel process was pretty brutal,” said Alana McMains, Castillo’s attorney. “Many women were given little notice in advance to leave and given little time to pack their belongings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983285/federal-bureau-of-prisons-challenges-judges-decision-to-delay-inmate-transfers-from-fci-dublin\">Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers earlier this month ordered to delay the transfers\u003c/a> and for BOP to follow certain protocols before doing so, including evaluating medical conditions and eligibility for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McMains said many of the incarcerated women she represents told her those protocols were largely ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women reported that they didn’t have access to a bathroom and were forced to defecate on themselves, McMains said. “One woman told me she did not have her medication and was vomiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jaehyun Oh has represented a total of 36 women who have alleged that guards at FCI Dublin sexually abused them. Four of her clients were still housed at the prison when it closed last week and shared similar horrific experiences with her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are happy the prison is closed. But the way that it happened, the abruptness and how there was no preparation for it whatsoever has been very hard,” Oh told KQED. “A lot of them have family in California or on the West Coast, and my four clients are no longer on the West Coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOP announced that it was closing FCI Dublin just over a week after U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzales Rogers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982014/judge-chooses-top-pick-for-special-master-to-oversee-womens-prison-following-rampant-abuse\">appointed Wendy Still to be the agency’s first ever “special master”\u003c/a> and oversee mandatory changes at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOP has not said how long it plans to keep FCI Dublin closed or what will become of the facility if it never reopens, although its staff will not lose their jobs, Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, California Sens. Lafonza Butler and Alex Padilla were among five senators who asked the BOP to respond to reports of the hectic prison transfers and other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11983285,news_11982973,news_11982014"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The letter said they intend to exercise the oversight authority of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee over the BOP to monitor the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This reporting is appalling and even more concerning in light of the well-documented abuses that have taken place previously at FCI Dublin,” the letter reads. “Individuals in custody at FCI Dublin have long endured a toxic carceral culture marked by sexual assault, harassment and medical neglect at the hands of BOP staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for incarcerated women are also calling on President Joe Biden to grant clemency to all of the women who claimed they were sexually abused at FCI Dublin, and for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to lift immigration detainers for noncitizens who were held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s heartbreaking. Everybody is upset. So many of these individuals had already suffered extensive trauma before they came to FCI Dublin, and at FCI Dublin, and this appears to have been handled the worst way possible,” said Kara Janssen, a plaintiff attorney at Rosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influx of compassionate release requests, she said, “shows the chaos this process has caused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no reason for this process to be so rushed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter Alex Hall contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984115/women-forced-to-relocate-from-fci-dublin-prison-report-traumatizing-journey-seek-compassionate-release","authors":["11840"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_32044","news_33723","news_27626"],"featImg":"news_11984120","label":"news"},"news_11984246":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984246","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984246","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"less-than-1-of-santa-clara-county-contracts-go-to-black-and-latino-businesses-study-shows","title":"Less Than 1% of Santa Clara County Contracts Go to Black and Latino Businesses, Study Shows","publishDate":1714219233,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Less Than 1% of Santa Clara County Contracts Go to Black and Latino Businesses, Study Shows | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>If you had asked Walter Wilson to tell you whether Santa Clara County does a good job of spreading its many lucrative contracts out to a diverse set of businesses, he’d have given you a short and simple answer: No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a huge crisis,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson, a co-founder of the Minority Business Consortium and longtime civil rights advocate, said he’s been pushing the county to diversify its contracting base for more than a decade, even taking on an analysis of their procurement strategies in the past to help highlight the problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://countyofsantaclaradisparitystudy.com/\">a recently completed study,\u003c/a> more than two years in the making, shows what Wilson said he and many others already knew: Santa Clara County only awards a small sliver of its contracts to businesses owned by people of diverse backgrounds and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $500,000 study, by consultant MGT, examined $2.4 billion worth of contracts the county awarded from July 2016 through June 2021 in various industries, such as construction, information technology, laundry, landscaping and equipment purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over 15% of those contracts went to what the county calls diverse business enterprises, which are firms owned and controlled by Black people/African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans or nonminority women, the study showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of contracts — roughly 85% and worth about $2 billion — went to firms owned by nonminority men or to firms MGT could not confirm as being a diverse business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This racism is so obvious, it’s just sickening, really,” said Wilson, who identifies as African/African Ancestry. “At the end of the day, this is systemic racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study period, the county spent about $365 million with diverse businesses, though the largest chunk, about $172 million, accounting for about 7% of the contracts, went to Asian American-owned businesses. Nonminority women-owned businesses took in about $168 million, just under 7% of contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hispanic American-owned firms, meanwhile, took in nearly $16 million, and African American-owned firms collected nearly $7 million, together accounting for only 0.93% of the contracts. Native American-owned firms received just over $3 million, or just 0.13% of contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study report indicated the county could have nearly doubled its spending with those various categories of businesses, noting there was 28% availability overall of diverse businesses willing and able to do the work the county contracted for in that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Williams, the county’s CEO, said at a recent board meeting where the study results were being presented that the study was long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s to no one’s surprise that there’s very, very significant disparities in our contracting relative to the availability of minority and disadvantaged businesses in our community,” Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams and other leaders said this is the first time the county has studied its contracting for disparities, and though there are some severe limitations on the data — including the exclusion of any COVID-19-related expenditures — the county needed a baseline of information to begin addressing the issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Ellenberg, president of the county Board of Supervisors, said she doesn’t feel the county ever intended to be exclusionary in its contracting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I think that’s a very common justification, for many examples beyond the county, of unintended consequences being so ingrained into the system that at some point you have to say, ‘Is it really unintended, or was it actively not prevented?’,” Ellenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not sufficiently actively prevented that kind of disparity, and I think it’s our obligation to do significantly better,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Otto Lee said the report was upsetting to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This underutilization of diverse business entities is disappointing, especially in light of the fact that our county has this constant refrain of how progressive we are, how we support our diverse communities,” Lee said. “This report shows that we are clearly not putting the money where our mouth is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors also said the current county systems and software could “preclude both staff and vendors from participating in a transformative procurement culture” and noted that the county does not collect demographic data on its vendors or subcontractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though the study said the county does well in outreach and has well-attended informational events, it hasn’t translated into more equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we can document many, many outreach efforts over decades to more deeply engage our minority business community, if the impact has not been more contracts, then to some extent, our outreach efforts are, I don’t want to call them meaningless, but are not significant,” Ellenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county plans to take several steps to address the inequities, including updating its procurement systems to collect vendor demographic data and creating a one-stop online dashboard for contracts and procurements, which would show a forecast of upcoming bid opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county wants to strengthen its outreach strategy “to municipal and ethnic chambers of commerce and local business advocacy organizations” and develop a small and local business enterprise program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11983323,news_11958124,news_11983231\"]Officials said programs encouraging more small business participation in contracting would help support greater diversity without running afoul of Proposition 209, California’s ban on affirmative action, which prohibits quotas or preference in contracts based on race, gender or ethnicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy estimated that in 2022, racial minorities owned 27.3% of all small businesses in California, the report said, and that women owned 43.1% of small businesses in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county administration plans to bring specific policy recommendations to the Board of Supervisors’ Finance and Government Operations Committee for discussion in August, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Sylvia Arenas said she hopes to see quick action to address the disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been going on for a really long time. So either we do something about it now, or we’re going to study this away, and our small businesses are going to continue to disappear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said he hopes to see aggressive action from the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has got to be an earnest, honest effort to really address this, and it’s got to happen immediately,” Wilson said. “Now that the facts are known, there are no more excuses, none.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new study shows Santa Clara County awards only a small percentage of its contracts to businesses owned by people from diverse backgrounds.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714238338,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1104},"headData":{"title":"Less Than 1% of Santa Clara County Contracts Go to Black and Latino Businesses, Study Shows | KQED","description":"A new study shows Santa Clara County awards only a small percentage of its contracts to businesses owned by people from diverse backgrounds.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Less Than 1% of Santa Clara County Contracts Go to Black and Latino Businesses, Study Shows","datePublished":"2024-04-27T12:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T17:18:58.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984246/less-than-1-of-santa-clara-county-contracts-go-to-black-and-latino-businesses-study-shows","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you had asked Walter Wilson to tell you whether Santa Clara County does a good job of spreading its many lucrative contracts out to a diverse set of businesses, he’d have given you a short and simple answer: No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a huge crisis,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson, a co-founder of the Minority Business Consortium and longtime civil rights advocate, said he’s been pushing the county to diversify its contracting base for more than a decade, even taking on an analysis of their procurement strategies in the past to help highlight the problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://countyofsantaclaradisparitystudy.com/\">a recently completed study,\u003c/a> more than two years in the making, shows what Wilson said he and many others already knew: Santa Clara County only awards a small sliver of its contracts to businesses owned by people of diverse backgrounds and women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $500,000 study, by consultant MGT, examined $2.4 billion worth of contracts the county awarded from July 2016 through June 2021 in various industries, such as construction, information technology, laundry, landscaping and equipment purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over 15% of those contracts went to what the county calls diverse business enterprises, which are firms owned and controlled by Black people/African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans or nonminority women, the study showed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of contracts — roughly 85% and worth about $2 billion — went to firms owned by nonminority men or to firms MGT could not confirm as being a diverse business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This racism is so obvious, it’s just sickening, really,” said Wilson, who identifies as African/African Ancestry. “At the end of the day, this is systemic racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study period, the county spent about $365 million with diverse businesses, though the largest chunk, about $172 million, accounting for about 7% of the contracts, went to Asian American-owned businesses. Nonminority women-owned businesses took in about $168 million, just under 7% of contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hispanic American-owned firms, meanwhile, took in nearly $16 million, and African American-owned firms collected nearly $7 million, together accounting for only 0.93% of the contracts. Native American-owned firms received just over $3 million, or just 0.13% of contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study report indicated the county could have nearly doubled its spending with those various categories of businesses, noting there was 28% availability overall of diverse businesses willing and able to do the work the county contracted for in that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Williams, the county’s CEO, said at a recent board meeting where the study results were being presented that the study was long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s to no one’s surprise that there’s very, very significant disparities in our contracting relative to the availability of minority and disadvantaged businesses in our community,” Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams and other leaders said this is the first time the county has studied its contracting for disparities, and though there are some severe limitations on the data — including the exclusion of any COVID-19-related expenditures — the county needed a baseline of information to begin addressing the issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Ellenberg, president of the county Board of Supervisors, said she doesn’t feel the county ever intended to be exclusionary in its contracting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I think that’s a very common justification, for many examples beyond the county, of unintended consequences being so ingrained into the system that at some point you have to say, ‘Is it really unintended, or was it actively not prevented?’,” Ellenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not sufficiently actively prevented that kind of disparity, and I think it’s our obligation to do significantly better,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Otto Lee said the report was upsetting to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This underutilization of diverse business entities is disappointing, especially in light of the fact that our county has this constant refrain of how progressive we are, how we support our diverse communities,” Lee said. “This report shows that we are clearly not putting the money where our mouth is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors also said the current county systems and software could “preclude both staff and vendors from participating in a transformative procurement culture” and noted that the county does not collect demographic data on its vendors or subcontractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And though the study said the county does well in outreach and has well-attended informational events, it hasn’t translated into more equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we can document many, many outreach efforts over decades to more deeply engage our minority business community, if the impact has not been more contracts, then to some extent, our outreach efforts are, I don’t want to call them meaningless, but are not significant,” Ellenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county plans to take several steps to address the inequities, including updating its procurement systems to collect vendor demographic data and creating a one-stop online dashboard for contracts and procurements, which would show a forecast of upcoming bid opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county wants to strengthen its outreach strategy “to municipal and ethnic chambers of commerce and local business advocacy organizations” and develop a small and local business enterprise program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11983323,news_11958124,news_11983231"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Officials said programs encouraging more small business participation in contracting would help support greater diversity without running afoul of Proposition 209, California’s ban on affirmative action, which prohibits quotas or preference in contracts based on race, gender or ethnicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy estimated that in 2022, racial minorities owned 27.3% of all small businesses in California, the report said, and that women owned 43.1% of small businesses in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county administration plans to bring specific policy recommendations to the Board of Supervisors’ Finance and Government Operations Committee for discussion in August, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Sylvia Arenas said she hopes to see quick action to address the disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been going on for a really long time. So either we do something about it now, or we’re going to study this away, and our small businesses are going to continue to disappear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said he hopes to see aggressive action from the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has got to be an earnest, honest effort to really address this, and it’s got to happen immediately,” Wilson said. “Now that the facts are known, there are no more excuses, none.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984246/less-than-1-of-santa-clara-county-contracts-go-to-black-and-latino-businesses-study-shows","authors":["11906"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_32395","news_17687","news_18545","news_27626","news_18188","news_27734"],"featImg":"news_11984250","label":"news"},"news_11984268":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984268","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984268","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"us-department-of-labor-hails-expanded-protections-for-h-2a-farmworkers-in-santa-rosa","title":"US Department of Labor Hails Expanded Protections for H-2A Farmworkers in Santa Rosa","publishDate":1714215656,"format":"standard","headTitle":"US Department of Labor Hails Expanded Protections for H-2A Farmworkers in Santa Rosa | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Federal labor officials announced Friday increased protections for the growing number of seasonal foreign workers whom agricultural employers rely upon as they navigate domestic labor shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/agriculture/h2a/final-rule\">final \u003c/a>rule aims to reduce abuses faced by temporary agricultural laborers with H-2A visas, including human trafficking and wage theft, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations will help ensure workers in the program are treated fairly, while promoting employer accountability, said Acting Labor Secretary Julie Su during a press conference in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have seen far too often the rights of those workers are violated,” said Su, who previously served as California Labor Secretary. The new rule “both strengthens existing protections and expands some protections. We are also improving the DOL’s ability to enforce the laws that are in place against fraud and bad actors who violated workers’ rights previously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/h-2a-temporary-agricultural-workers\">H-2A\u003c/a> program allows U.S. agricultural employers to fill temporary jobs with workers from other countries when they can’t find enough workers in the U.S. The program has \u003ca href=\"https://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.2021a0020\">quadrupled in size\u003c/a> since 2000, with nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ETA/oflc/pdfs/H-2A_Selected_Statistics_FY2023_Q4.pdf\">380,000 H-2A\u003c/a> positions certified nationwide last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmworkers, many who are from Mexico, depend on employers for their housing and transportation, and can be deported if they are fired. That power imbalance often contributes to exploitative job conditions, according to experts who’ve studied the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H-2A workers “are afraid of retaliation from their employers. They do not raise their voice when working under abusive conditions,” said Maria Casillas, a member of the United Farm Workers who pushed for the protections. “All farmworkers, including H-2A and American workers, deserve the right to have a voice in the workplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The labor department’s wage and hour division found violations in 88% of the H-2A investigations it opened in the last five years. But most farm employers are never inspected by the agency because it lacks funding and staffing, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/record-low-farm-investigations/\">study\u003c/a> from the Economic Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Su said the new regulations, which include clarifying that an employer can only terminate a worker when they fail to comply with outlined job duties or employer policies, are a “significant milestone” in the Biden administration’s pro-worker efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California employers requested almost 41,000 H-2A workers last year, making the state the second top user of these visas behind Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture employers in California have argued the regulations would make an already burdensome program more complex and costly as they seek to bridge the gap of growing labor shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984235\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-800x499.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-1536x958.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-1920x1197.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daysi Estrada (right), a farmworker in Sonoma County, speaks next to United Farm Workers President Teresa Romero at a press conference held by Acting Secretary of Labor Julie Su in Santa Rosa on Friday, April 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Farm Bureau Federation, which has nearly 29,000 members, \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/comment/ETA-2023-0003-0322\">encouraged\u003c/a> the labor department to drop provisions such as those granting labor groups access to workers at employer-provided housing out of privacy concerns, and adding requirements to justify firing a worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Viohl, federal policy director for the California Farm Bureau, told KQED that while the organization was still processing the 600-page rule, their initial review “is one of disappointment and concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the overwhelming majority of H-2A employers acting in good faith, we would ask the Acting Secretary to withdraw this rule and work more closely with industry partners to better improve our guest worker programs in a more sustainable and practical manner,” said Viohl in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite the Department of Labor routinely referencing many of the concerns raised by the agricultural industry, it appears most of those suggestions were ignored in favor of regulatory overreach to the benefit of organized labor groups,” Viohl added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the regulations, employers are prohibited from holding or confiscating a worker’s passport, visa or other identification documents, which is a tactic used to exploit workers, according to the labor department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the recruitment process more transparent, U.S. employers must also disclose their agreements with agents in Mexico, Central America and elsewhere who solicit prospective H-2A workers. KQED previously \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11918317/blacklisted-for-speaking-up-how-california-farmworkers-fighting-abuses-are-vulnerable-to-retaliation\">reported\u003c/a> that agents blacklist employees who speak up while they are employed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most workers pay illegal recruitment fees that put them in debt even before they start working in the U.S., said attorney Daniel Costa, a former senior advisor to the California attorney general on immigration and labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11982817,forum_2010101892120,news_11918317\"]Costa expects legal challenges to the new rule, but he said the Department of Labor has the authority to make these “modest and reasonable” changes to the H-2A program’s standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law requires that the U.S. government protect labor standards in the H-2A program, so they have a lot of authority to set that program up,” said Costa, director of immigration law and policy research at Economic Policy Institute. “And I think it’s good to use that authority to have updated protections that reflect the reality for H-2A workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule is set to be effective on June 28. H-2A applications filed before August 28 will be processed according to the previous standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates who attended the press conference in Santa Rosa welcomed the changes, including those that allow workers to decline going to employer-sponsored meetings where they are discouraged from organizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They peddle fear and hopelessness and tell workers that you can’t make a difference…and you should just not organize,” said Davida Sotelo Escobedo with North Bay Jobs With Justice. “It’s a matter of workers having the power to step up and hold companies accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The new regulations, which go into effect this summer, aim to reduce abuses faced by seasonal foreign farmworkers with H-2A visas. California employers worry the program will become more complex and costly as they deal with US labor shortages.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714249969,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1001},"headData":{"title":"US Department of Labor Hails Expanded Protections for H-2A Farmworkers in Santa Rosa | KQED","description":"The new regulations, which go into effect this summer, aim to reduce abuses faced by seasonal foreign farmworkers with H-2A visas. California employers worry the program will become more complex and costly as they deal with US labor shortages.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"US Department of Labor Hails Expanded Protections for H-2A Farmworkers in Santa Rosa","datePublished":"2024-04-27T11:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T20:32:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984268/us-department-of-labor-hails-expanded-protections-for-h-2a-farmworkers-in-santa-rosa","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal labor officials announced Friday increased protections for the growing number of seasonal foreign workers whom agricultural employers rely upon as they navigate domestic labor shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/agriculture/h2a/final-rule\">final \u003c/a>rule aims to reduce abuses faced by temporary agricultural laborers with H-2A visas, including human trafficking and wage theft, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations will help ensure workers in the program are treated fairly, while promoting employer accountability, said Acting Labor Secretary Julie Su during a press conference in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have seen far too often the rights of those workers are violated,” said Su, who previously served as California Labor Secretary. The new rule “both strengthens existing protections and expands some protections. We are also improving the DOL’s ability to enforce the laws that are in place against fraud and bad actors who violated workers’ rights previously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/temporary-workers/h-2a-temporary-agricultural-workers\">H-2A\u003c/a> program allows U.S. agricultural employers to fill temporary jobs with workers from other countries when they can’t find enough workers in the U.S. The program has \u003ca href=\"https://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.2021a0020\">quadrupled in size\u003c/a> since 2000, with nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ETA/oflc/pdfs/H-2A_Selected_Statistics_FY2023_Q4.pdf\">380,000 H-2A\u003c/a> positions certified nationwide last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmworkers, many who are from Mexico, depend on employers for their housing and transportation, and can be deported if they are fired. That power imbalance often contributes to exploitative job conditions, according to experts who’ve studied the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H-2A workers “are afraid of retaliation from their employers. They do not raise their voice when working under abusive conditions,” said Maria Casillas, a member of the United Farm Workers who pushed for the protections. “All farmworkers, including H-2A and American workers, deserve the right to have a voice in the workplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The labor department’s wage and hour division found violations in 88% of the H-2A investigations it opened in the last five years. But most farm employers are never inspected by the agency because it lacks funding and staffing, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/record-low-farm-investigations/\">study\u003c/a> from the Economic Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Su said the new regulations, which include clarifying that an employer can only terminate a worker when they fail to comply with outlined job duties or employer policies, are a “significant milestone” in the Biden administration’s pro-worker efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California employers requested almost 41,000 H-2A workers last year, making the state the second top user of these visas behind Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture employers in California have argued the regulations would make an already burdensome program more complex and costly as they seek to bridge the gap of growing labor shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984235\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-800x499.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-1536x958.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240426_DEPTOFLABORANNOUNCEMENT-3-GC-KQED-1920x1197.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daysi Estrada (right), a farmworker in Sonoma County, speaks next to United Farm Workers President Teresa Romero at a press conference held by Acting Secretary of Labor Julie Su in Santa Rosa on Friday, April 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Farm Bureau Federation, which has nearly 29,000 members, \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/comment/ETA-2023-0003-0322\">encouraged\u003c/a> the labor department to drop provisions such as those granting labor groups access to workers at employer-provided housing out of privacy concerns, and adding requirements to justify firing a worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Viohl, federal policy director for the California Farm Bureau, told KQED that while the organization was still processing the 600-page rule, their initial review “is one of disappointment and concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the overwhelming majority of H-2A employers acting in good faith, we would ask the Acting Secretary to withdraw this rule and work more closely with industry partners to better improve our guest worker programs in a more sustainable and practical manner,” said Viohl in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite the Department of Labor routinely referencing many of the concerns raised by the agricultural industry, it appears most of those suggestions were ignored in favor of regulatory overreach to the benefit of organized labor groups,” Viohl added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the regulations, employers are prohibited from holding or confiscating a worker’s passport, visa or other identification documents, which is a tactic used to exploit workers, according to the labor department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make the recruitment process more transparent, U.S. employers must also disclose their agreements with agents in Mexico, Central America and elsewhere who solicit prospective H-2A workers. KQED previously \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11918317/blacklisted-for-speaking-up-how-california-farmworkers-fighting-abuses-are-vulnerable-to-retaliation\">reported\u003c/a> that agents blacklist employees who speak up while they are employed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most workers pay illegal recruitment fees that put them in debt even before they start working in the U.S., said attorney Daniel Costa, a former senior advisor to the California attorney general on immigration and labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11982817,forum_2010101892120,news_11918317"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Costa expects legal challenges to the new rule, but he said the Department of Labor has the authority to make these “modest and reasonable” changes to the H-2A program’s standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law requires that the U.S. government protect labor standards in the H-2A program, so they have a lot of authority to set that program up,” said Costa, director of immigration law and policy research at Economic Policy Institute. “And I think it’s good to use that authority to have updated protections that reflect the reality for H-2A workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule is set to be effective on June 28. H-2A applications filed before August 28 will be processed according to the previous standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates who attended the press conference in Santa Rosa welcomed the changes, including those that allow workers to decline going to employer-sponsored meetings where they are discouraged from organizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They peddle fear and hopelessness and tell workers that you can’t make a difference…and you should just not organize,” said Davida Sotelo Escobedo with North Bay Jobs With Justice. “It’s a matter of workers having the power to step up and hold companies accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984268/us-department-of-labor-hails-expanded-protections-for-h-2a-farmworkers-in-santa-rosa","authors":["8659"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_4092","news_29817","news_27626","news_20202","news_19904","news_1602","news_31320"],"featImg":"news_11984239","label":"news"},"news_11984297":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984297","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984297","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-border-debate-shifts-right-sen-alex-padilla-emerges-as-persistent-counterforce-for-immigrants","title":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants","publishDate":1714302009,"format":"standard","headTitle":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>President Joe Biden had a question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it true?” Biden asked Sen. Alex Padilla, referencing the roughly 25% of U.S. students in kindergarten through high school who are Latino. Padilla said the question came as he was waiting with the president in a back room at a library in Culver City, California before an event in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exactly the kind of opening Padilla was hoping to get with the Democratic president. Biden was weighing his reelection campaign, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-border-donald-trump-f0ca943f0f148e165bc6e8ebfd149f14\">executive actions on immigration\u003c/a> and what to do about a southern border that has been marked by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-border-crossings-mexico-biden-18ac91ef502e0c5433f74de6cc629b32\">historic numbers of illegal crossings\u003c/a> during his tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla wanted to make sure Biden also took into account the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-jobs-economy-wages-gdp-trump-biden-fbd1f2ec89e84fdfaf81d005054edad0\">potential of the country’s immigrants\u003c/a>. “Mr. President, do you know what I call them, those students?” Padilla recalled saying. “It’s the workforce of tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was just one of the many times Padilla, who at 52 years old is now the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-alex-padilla-60caab4661f65771f8fa21a585de2638\">senior senator of California\u003c/a>, has taken the opportunity — from face-to-face moments with the president to regular calls with top White House staff and sometimes outspoken criticism — to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The son of Mexican immigrants and the first Latino to represent his state in the Senate, Padilla has emerged as a persistent force at a time when Democrats are increasingly focused on border security and the country’s posture toward immigrants is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illegal immigration is seen as a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-border-security-democrats-ca10e37c4f961700cdd1645e09422ac0\">growing political crisis for Democrats\u003c/a> after authorities both at the border and in cities nationwide have struggled to handle recent surges. The party may also be losing favor with Hispanic voters amid disenchantment with Biden. But Padilla, in a series of interviews with The Associated Press, expressed a deep reserve of optimism about his party’s ability to win support both from and for immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t be afraid, don’t be reluctant to talk about immigration. Lean into it,” Padilla said. “Because number one, it’s the morally right thing to do. Number two, it is key to the strength, the security and the future of our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator has tried to anchor his fellow Democrats to that stance even as the politics of immigration grow increasingly toxic. Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, has said immigrants who enter the U.S. illegally are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/border-immigration-trump-biden-rhetoric-2024-election-327c08045edcc200f850d893de6a79d6\">“poisoning the blood” of the country\u003c/a> and accused Biden of allowing a “bloodbath” at the southern border. Biden, meanwhile, has \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-asylum-border-congress-7507034034ba49a8f170777600cad46e\">shifted to the right\u003c/a> at times in both the policies and language he is willing to use as illegal border crossings become a vulnerability for his reelection bid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such was the case when Biden, during his State of the Union address, entered into an unscripted exchange with Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, a Republican of Georgia, and referred to a Venezuelan man accused of killing a nursing student in Georgia as an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/illegal-biden-backlash-laken-riley-41819b01c3942435f0f862789cd1d0f0#:~:text=Politics-,Biden's%20reference%20to%20'an%20illegal'%20rankles%20some%20Democrats%20who%20argue,he's%20still%20preferable%20to%20Trump&text=MIAMI%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20President%20Joe,State%20of%20the%20Union%20speech.\">“illegal” — a term anathema to immigration rights advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the speech, Padilla discussed the moment with Rep. Tony Cárdenas in the apartment they share in Washington. Cárdenas said their conversation turned to how they wanted politicians to avoid labeling migrants as “illegals” because it deprived them of dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla told him he would call the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is the kind of person who steps in and steps up, and, you know, he’s tactical about it,” Cárdenas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a difficult role to play, especially as Democrats try to shore up what’s seen as a weakness on border security in the battleground states that will determine control of the White House and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in California, Republicans have been emboldened on immigration as they try to reassert statewide relevance, said Mark Meuser, a lawyer who lost elections against Padilla for the Senate in 2022 and California Secretary of State in 2018. He argued top California Democrats like Padilla “are driving hard towards the extreme edges of their party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla has urged the president and fellow Democrats to hold firm to the position that border enforcement measures be paired with reforms for immigrants who are already in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Senate negotiations earlier this year over border policy, Padilla asserted himself as the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/senate-border-immigration-biden-66531bcefb908d5440a52b54c543b006\">leader of congressional opposition\u003c/a> from the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla, along with four other Democratic-aligned senators, eventually \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-ukraine-aid-border-security-386dcc54b29a5491f8bd87b727a284f8\">voted against advancing the package\u003c/a>, ensuring its failure as Republicans also rejected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is a lone voice but it is a courageous voice in the Senate,” said Vanessa Cardenas, who leads the immigration advocacy organization America’s Voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a quick ascent for Padilla, who is just beginning his fourth year in Congress. Yet for Padilla, it’s the very reason he entered politics in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11979131,news_11970221,news_11982020\"]When he graduated in 1994 with an engineering degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it was a dream fulfilled for his parents — his father a short order cook and his mother a house cleaner. But he was soon drawn into politics as the state’s attention turned to Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot measure that was approved to deny education, health care and other non-emergency services to immigrants who entered the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was branded by supporters as the Save Our State Initiative. Padilla still remembers the ads for the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trying to blame a downward economy on the hardest working people that I know was offensive and an outrage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he sees parallels between California in the 1990s, which approved the ballot measure but then had it invalidated in federal court, and the wider country today: changing demographics, economic uncertainty and political opportunists “scapegoating” immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet it also spurred the state’s Latinos to get involved politically. To Padilla, it’s no coincidence that California, the state with the most immigrants, now boasts the nation’s largest economy and is a stronghold for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Alex Padilla is taking practically every opportunity to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration and pressing his case in face-to-face moments with President Joe Biden.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714249055,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1061},"headData":{"title":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants | KQED","description":"Alex Padilla is taking practically every opportunity to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration and pressing his case in face-to-face moments with President Joe Biden.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants","datePublished":"2024-04-28T11:00:09.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T20:17:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Stephen Groves\u003cbr>Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984297/as-border-debate-shifts-right-sen-alex-padilla-emerges-as-persistent-counterforce-for-immigrants","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Joe Biden had a question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it true?” Biden asked Sen. Alex Padilla, referencing the roughly 25% of U.S. students in kindergarten through high school who are Latino. Padilla said the question came as he was waiting with the president in a back room at a library in Culver City, California before an event in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exactly the kind of opening Padilla was hoping to get with the Democratic president. Biden was weighing his reelection campaign, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-border-donald-trump-f0ca943f0f148e165bc6e8ebfd149f14\">executive actions on immigration\u003c/a> and what to do about a southern border that has been marked by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-border-crossings-mexico-biden-18ac91ef502e0c5433f74de6cc629b32\">historic numbers of illegal crossings\u003c/a> during his tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla wanted to make sure Biden also took into account the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-jobs-economy-wages-gdp-trump-biden-fbd1f2ec89e84fdfaf81d005054edad0\">potential of the country’s immigrants\u003c/a>. “Mr. President, do you know what I call them, those students?” Padilla recalled saying. “It’s the workforce of tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was just one of the many times Padilla, who at 52 years old is now the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-alex-padilla-60caab4661f65771f8fa21a585de2638\">senior senator of California\u003c/a>, has taken the opportunity — from face-to-face moments with the president to regular calls with top White House staff and sometimes outspoken criticism — to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The son of Mexican immigrants and the first Latino to represent his state in the Senate, Padilla has emerged as a persistent force at a time when Democrats are increasingly focused on border security and the country’s posture toward immigrants is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illegal immigration is seen as a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-border-security-democrats-ca10e37c4f961700cdd1645e09422ac0\">growing political crisis for Democrats\u003c/a> after authorities both at the border and in cities nationwide have struggled to handle recent surges. The party may also be losing favor with Hispanic voters amid disenchantment with Biden. But Padilla, in a series of interviews with The Associated Press, expressed a deep reserve of optimism about his party’s ability to win support both from and for immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t be afraid, don’t be reluctant to talk about immigration. Lean into it,” Padilla said. “Because number one, it’s the morally right thing to do. Number two, it is key to the strength, the security and the future of our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator has tried to anchor his fellow Democrats to that stance even as the politics of immigration grow increasingly toxic. Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, has said immigrants who enter the U.S. illegally are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/border-immigration-trump-biden-rhetoric-2024-election-327c08045edcc200f850d893de6a79d6\">“poisoning the blood” of the country\u003c/a> and accused Biden of allowing a “bloodbath” at the southern border. Biden, meanwhile, has \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-asylum-border-congress-7507034034ba49a8f170777600cad46e\">shifted to the right\u003c/a> at times in both the policies and language he is willing to use as illegal border crossings become a vulnerability for his reelection bid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such was the case when Biden, during his State of the Union address, entered into an unscripted exchange with Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, a Republican of Georgia, and referred to a Venezuelan man accused of killing a nursing student in Georgia as an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/illegal-biden-backlash-laken-riley-41819b01c3942435f0f862789cd1d0f0#:~:text=Politics-,Biden's%20reference%20to%20'an%20illegal'%20rankles%20some%20Democrats%20who%20argue,he's%20still%20preferable%20to%20Trump&text=MIAMI%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20President%20Joe,State%20of%20the%20Union%20speech.\">“illegal” — a term anathema to immigration rights advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the speech, Padilla discussed the moment with Rep. Tony Cárdenas in the apartment they share in Washington. Cárdenas said their conversation turned to how they wanted politicians to avoid labeling migrants as “illegals” because it deprived them of dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla told him he would call the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is the kind of person who steps in and steps up, and, you know, he’s tactical about it,” Cárdenas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a difficult role to play, especially as Democrats try to shore up what’s seen as a weakness on border security in the battleground states that will determine control of the White House and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in California, Republicans have been emboldened on immigration as they try to reassert statewide relevance, said Mark Meuser, a lawyer who lost elections against Padilla for the Senate in 2022 and California Secretary of State in 2018. He argued top California Democrats like Padilla “are driving hard towards the extreme edges of their party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla has urged the president and fellow Democrats to hold firm to the position that border enforcement measures be paired with reforms for immigrants who are already in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Senate negotiations earlier this year over border policy, Padilla asserted himself as the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/senate-border-immigration-biden-66531bcefb908d5440a52b54c543b006\">leader of congressional opposition\u003c/a> from the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla, along with four other Democratic-aligned senators, eventually \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-ukraine-aid-border-security-386dcc54b29a5491f8bd87b727a284f8\">voted against advancing the package\u003c/a>, ensuring its failure as Republicans also rejected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is a lone voice but it is a courageous voice in the Senate,” said Vanessa Cardenas, who leads the immigration advocacy organization America’s Voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a quick ascent for Padilla, who is just beginning his fourth year in Congress. Yet for Padilla, it’s the very reason he entered politics in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11979131,news_11970221,news_11982020"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When he graduated in 1994 with an engineering degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it was a dream fulfilled for his parents — his father a short order cook and his mother a house cleaner. But he was soon drawn into politics as the state’s attention turned to Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot measure that was approved to deny education, health care and other non-emergency services to immigrants who entered the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was branded by supporters as the Save Our State Initiative. Padilla still remembers the ads for the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trying to blame a downward economy on the hardest working people that I know was offensive and an outrage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he sees parallels between California in the 1990s, which approved the ballot measure but then had it invalidated in federal court, and the wider country today: changing demographics, economic uncertainty and political opportunists “scapegoating” immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet it also spurred the state’s Latinos to get involved politically. To Padilla, it’s no coincidence that California, the state with the most immigrants, now boasts the nation’s largest economy and is a stronghold for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984297/as-border-debate-shifts-right-sen-alex-padilla-emerges-as-persistent-counterforce-for-immigrants","authors":["byline_news_11984297"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_27626","news_20202","news_29063","news_31213"],"featImg":"news_11984300","label":"news"},"news_11984016":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984016","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"judge-rules-california-split-lot-housing-law-unconstitutional","title":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is 'Unconstitutional,' Judge Rules","publishDate":1714079477,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is ‘Unconstitutional,’ Judge Rules | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11860308/why-just-allowing-fourplexes-wont-solve-californias-housing-affordability-crisis\">controversial 2021 law\u003c/a> that allows property owners in California to split their lots and build up to two new homes is unconstitutional, a Los Angeles Superior Court judge ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240422-Los-Angeles-Superior-Court-Judge-ruling-on-SB-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The ruling\u003c/a> striking down \u003ca href=\"https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb9\">Senate Bill 9\u003c/a> only applies to the five Southern California charter cities that were parties to the case: Redondo Beach, Whittier, Carson, Del Mar and Torrance. However, if the case is appealed, the appellate court’s ruling will apply to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cacities.org/UploadedFiles/LeagueInternet/6b/6bbb4ee3-88f9-4d8f-93ad-0075a7b486c4.pdf\">charter cities\u003c/a> statewide, including San Francisco, Oakland and San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, issued on Monday, is a blow to key state leaders, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/09/16/governor-newsom-signs-historic-legislation-to-boost-californias-housing-supply-and-fight-the-housing-crisis/\">hailed the law\u003c/a> as a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840548/the-racist-history-of-single-family-home-zoning\">open single-family neighborhoods\u003c/a> to desperately needed housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s an endorsement of an opposing idea: that suburban neighborhoods should be reserved for single-family homes, said Chris Elmendorf, a law professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an indication of unease or discomfort with housing laws that are trying to transform single-family-home neighborhoods,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for state Attorney General Rob Bonta, the named defendant in the case, said his office is reviewing the case and would “consider all options in defense of SB 9.” The office of Gov. Gavin Newsom, a supporter of the law, did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pam Lee, an attorney with Aleshire & Wynder, who represented the plaintiffs in the case, said the ruling came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that the stakes were high, but we also knew that it was an uphill battle,” Lee said. “So many of the [housing] laws that have been challenged — in particular, cases against charter cities — have just not been met with a favorable fate.”[aside label=\"more housing coverage\" tag=\"affordable-housing\"]Charter cities have special privileges under the state Constitution, Lee said, including the right to enact their own laws. When the state Legislature wants its laws to apply to those charter cities, Lee said lawmakers have to demonstrate the law addresses a statewide concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Judge Curtis Kin said the Legislature didn’t do that in this case. Specifically, SB 9 says its purpose is to “ensure access to affordable housing.” Lee and her colleagues argued that “affordable housing” means something very specific: below-market-rate, deed-restricted housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the law doesn’t specifically require property owners to develop that kind of housing, the law is unconstitutional, Kin ruled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf called that interpretation “kind of silly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two homes on each new one, the law promotes the construction of homes that are smaller and therefore relatively more affordable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature is not a house full of idiots,” Elmendorf said, adding the law itself clearly states the Legislature’s intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, state Sen. Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), who authored SB 9, called the judge’s ruling “sadly misguided” and vowed to “remedy any loopholes biased city governments might utilize” to block new housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The assertion by NIMBY city governments that SB 9 is only about subsidized housing is a stretch at best,” said Atkins, who recently stepped down as Senate President Pro Tempore. “The goal of SB 9 has always been to increase equity and accessibility in our neighborhoods while growing our housing supply and production across the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it went into effect in 2022, however, the law has produced little in the way of new lots or housing. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980785/these-california-companies-want-to-buy-your-backyard-and-build-a-house\">KQED survey\u003c/a> of 16 cities of varying sizes found that between 2022 and 2023, the cities collectively approved 75 lot-split applications and 112 applications for new units under the law. That’s compared to more than 8,800 accessory dwelling units, or in-law apartments, the cities permitted during the same time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers have generally supported the bill but have criticized anti-speculation provisions in the law that require a property owner requesting a lot split to agree to live in the house for at least three years. They have also argued that fees and other barriers cities have imposed have prevented the law from working as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkins authored a second bill, SB 450, to address some of those issues, but it is currently on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf said the Legislature’s unwillingness to address those issues demonstrates a certain unease with the law’s intent to open single-family neighborhoods to more housing — even among lawmakers who voted to approve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That unease is reflected in SB 9 itself,” he said. “SB 9 is written with loopholes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state could easily fix those loopholes, Elmendorf said, just as it can easily remedy the error Kin identified in his ruling. How swiftly it does so will demonstrate how serious lawmakers are about dismantling barriers to housing in single-family neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s worth watching the legislative response to this case,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing so will better answer the question underlying SB 9, Elmendorf added. “Do we really want these traditional single-family home neighborhoods to be transformed into something that’s a little bit different?”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A Los Angeles Superior Court judge this week struck down SB 9, a 2021 California law allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two new homes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714153584,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":896},"headData":{"title":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is 'Unconstitutional,' Judge Rules | KQED","description":"A Los Angeles Superior Court judge this week struck down SB 9, a 2021 California law allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two new homes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is 'Unconstitutional,' Judge Rules","datePublished":"2024-04-25T21:11:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-26T17:46:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984016/judge-rules-california-split-lot-housing-law-unconstitutional","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11860308/why-just-allowing-fourplexes-wont-solve-californias-housing-affordability-crisis\">controversial 2021 law\u003c/a> that allows property owners in California to split their lots and build up to two new homes is unconstitutional, a Los Angeles Superior Court judge ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/20240422-Los-Angeles-Superior-Court-Judge-ruling-on-SB-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The ruling\u003c/a> striking down \u003ca href=\"https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb9\">Senate Bill 9\u003c/a> only applies to the five Southern California charter cities that were parties to the case: Redondo Beach, Whittier, Carson, Del Mar and Torrance. However, if the case is appealed, the appellate court’s ruling will apply to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cacities.org/UploadedFiles/LeagueInternet/6b/6bbb4ee3-88f9-4d8f-93ad-0075a7b486c4.pdf\">charter cities\u003c/a> statewide, including San Francisco, Oakland and San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, issued on Monday, is a blow to key state leaders, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/09/16/governor-newsom-signs-historic-legislation-to-boost-californias-housing-supply-and-fight-the-housing-crisis/\">hailed the law\u003c/a> as a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840548/the-racist-history-of-single-family-home-zoning\">open single-family neighborhoods\u003c/a> to desperately needed housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s an endorsement of an opposing idea: that suburban neighborhoods should be reserved for single-family homes, said Chris Elmendorf, a law professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an indication of unease or discomfort with housing laws that are trying to transform single-family-home neighborhoods,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for state Attorney General Rob Bonta, the named defendant in the case, said his office is reviewing the case and would “consider all options in defense of SB 9.” The office of Gov. Gavin Newsom, a supporter of the law, did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pam Lee, an attorney with Aleshire & Wynder, who represented the plaintiffs in the case, said the ruling came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that the stakes were high, but we also knew that it was an uphill battle,” Lee said. “So many of the [housing] laws that have been challenged — in particular, cases against charter cities — have just not been met with a favorable fate.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more housing coverage ","tag":"affordable-housing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Charter cities have special privileges under the state Constitution, Lee said, including the right to enact their own laws. When the state Legislature wants its laws to apply to those charter cities, Lee said lawmakers have to demonstrate the law addresses a statewide concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Judge Curtis Kin said the Legislature didn’t do that in this case. Specifically, SB 9 says its purpose is to “ensure access to affordable housing.” Lee and her colleagues argued that “affordable housing” means something very specific: below-market-rate, deed-restricted housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the law doesn’t specifically require property owners to develop that kind of housing, the law is unconstitutional, Kin ruled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf called that interpretation “kind of silly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two homes on each new one, the law promotes the construction of homes that are smaller and therefore relatively more affordable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature is not a house full of idiots,” Elmendorf said, adding the law itself clearly states the Legislature’s intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, state Sen. Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), who authored SB 9, called the judge’s ruling “sadly misguided” and vowed to “remedy any loopholes biased city governments might utilize” to block new housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The assertion by NIMBY city governments that SB 9 is only about subsidized housing is a stretch at best,” said Atkins, who recently stepped down as Senate President Pro Tempore. “The goal of SB 9 has always been to increase equity and accessibility in our neighborhoods while growing our housing supply and production across the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it went into effect in 2022, however, the law has produced little in the way of new lots or housing. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980785/these-california-companies-want-to-buy-your-backyard-and-build-a-house\">KQED survey\u003c/a> of 16 cities of varying sizes found that between 2022 and 2023, the cities collectively approved 75 lot-split applications and 112 applications for new units under the law. That’s compared to more than 8,800 accessory dwelling units, or in-law apartments, the cities permitted during the same time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers have generally supported the bill but have criticized anti-speculation provisions in the law that require a property owner requesting a lot split to agree to live in the house for at least three years. They have also argued that fees and other barriers cities have imposed have prevented the law from working as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkins authored a second bill, SB 450, to address some of those issues, but it is currently on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf said the Legislature’s unwillingness to address those issues demonstrates a certain unease with the law’s intent to open single-family neighborhoods to more housing — even among lawmakers who voted to approve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That unease is reflected in SB 9 itself,” he said. “SB 9 is written with loopholes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state could easily fix those loopholes, Elmendorf said, just as it can easily remedy the error Kin identified in his ruling. How swiftly it does so will demonstrate how serious lawmakers are about dismantling barriers to housing in single-family neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s worth watching the legislative response to this case,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing so will better answer the question underlying SB 9, Elmendorf added. “Do we really want these traditional single-family home neighborhoods to be transformed into something that’s a little bit different?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984016/judge-rules-california-split-lot-housing-law-unconstitutional","authors":["11652"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_3921","news_24805","news_1775","news_22804"],"featImg":"news_11984069","label":"news"},"news_11975582":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11975582","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11975582","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inheriting-a-home-in-california-heres-what-you-need-to-know","title":"Inheriting a Home in California? Here's What You Need to Know","publishDate":1707854404,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Inheriting a Home in California? Here’s What You Need to Know | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>If you’re expecting to inherit a home in California, you might need to find a “for sale” sign. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11841414/what-you-need-to-know-about-proposition-19-and-property-tax-transfers-transcript\">That’s because Proposition 19\u003c/a> has made it much harder to keep that house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the proposition narrowly passed in 2020, parents could pass down their home and their very low property tax rate to their children. But Proposition 19 changed that. Now, the property’s value gets reassessed at the time of transfer, and the property taxes could rise along with it. It’s confusing for some who can’t decide whether they should sell or keep their newly inherited property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many people in California, inheriting a home their parents bought decades earlier — when the cost of housing was much more affordable concerning average salaries — is the only way they’ll be able to own a home. If you’re in this situation, keep reading for some factors to consider:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do you plan to live in the house you inherit?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some benefits for people who choose to make an inherited property their primary residence. If you plan to live in the inherited home, you can apply to have up to $1 million excluded from the tax reassessment as long as you move into the home within a year of the transfer. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Alicia Gamez, attorney, specializing in California taxation law, estate planning, trust and probate law\"]‘I have seen circumstances where the property tax reassessment really threatens a family’s ability to stay in their neighborhood.’[/pullquote]Despite those benefits, there are some downsides, said Alicia Gamez, an attorney specializing in California taxation law, estate planning, trust and probate law. If a family’s home is a multi-unit building, where the parents live in one unit while their children live in other units, only the parents’ unit will qualify for a reassessment exemption. The other units, where the children live, would get reassessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen circumstances where the property tax reassessment really threatens a family’s ability to stay in their neighborhood,” Gamez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gamez said situations can differ based on the circumstances of families. If the home requires repairs, those can add up, and deciding to live in the home is even more expensive and complicated. If siblings are involved, selling and splitting the money may be easier than having one sibling buy out the others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the children already own a home, they might not want to move. In that case, they can choose to sell the inherited property or rent it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do you plan to rent out the inherited house?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rather than selling the inherited property, many inheritors chose to rent out the home and collect a passive income. Before Proposition 19 passed, the inheritors could keep the low property tax rate. [aside label='More on Housing' tag='housing']Some people called this the “\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2018/08/prop-13-jeff-bridges-property-taxes-inheritance-estate-california/\">Lebowski loophole\u003c/a>” because the law allowed people like actor Jeff Bridges and his siblings to \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-property-taxes-elites-201808-htmlstory.html\">pay $5,700 in annual property taxes\u003c/a> on the Malibu beach house his parents bought in the 1950s while renting it out for $15,995 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, if you plan to rent out the property you inherit, the property’s value will be reassessed and could result in a steep increase in property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gamez said Proposition 19 also aimed to fix some of the “market anomalies” created by decades of unusually low tax rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were people in San Francisco who had real estate that was vacant, and it only cost them $600 a year in property taxes,” she said. “They chose not to sell it because it was an appreciating asset with very low overhead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Proposition 19, she said, “It’s going to cost them tens of thousands of dollars to just hold it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why was Proposition 19 passed in the first place?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proposition 19, officially called the Home Protection for Seniors, Severely Disabled, Families and Victims of Wildfire or Natural Disasters Act, aimed to help people 55 years and older downsize from larger, single-family homes into smaller houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.car.org/knowledge/brokers/Prop-19\">California Association of Realtors\u003c/a> lobbied in favor of the proposition and promised it would “open up tens of thousands of housing opportunities,” making the homes “more readily available for first-time homeowners, families and Californians throughout the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to Proposition 19, people looking to downsize into a smaller home or condo can keep their low tax rate if they purchase a home of equal or lesser value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the money generated through the increased property taxes this new law is expected to generate, 80% funds fire suppression efforts for local special districts and the rest goes to the State Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is there a chance Proposition 19 will be overturned?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some property owners across the state want to \u003ca href=\"https://reinstate58.hjta.org/\">repeal Proposition 19\u003c/a> and bring the issue in front of voters, but the movement is still small. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kern Singh, attorney, specializing in estate law\"]‘I’m a real estate investor myself, and I haven’t taken any drastic measures. I’m waiting to see how this pans out in the long run.’[/pullquote]Kern Singh, an attorney who specializes in estate law, said some of his clients considered transferring their property to their children immediately, rather than waiting for the property to increase in value, as a way to maintain a lower tax rate. But he said he’s urging those clients to wait and see what happens with Proposition 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a real estate investor myself, and I haven’t taken any drastic measures,” he said. “I’m waiting to see how this pans out in the long run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gamez is a bit more skeptical about any repeal effort, especially as more people purchase homes in California and pay steep property taxes, often for older properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for every person who has a super low property tax basis, they have several neighbors who do not,” she said. “Are those neighbors going to vote to let their neighbor keep their 1979 property tax basis? I think there are a lot of people who feel significant resentment towards having not been born here in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Proposition 19, which voters narrowly passed in 2020, aimed to give a tax break to older Californians looking to downsize. But the new law also changed the math for people inheriting a home, complicating an already emotional decision.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1707858552,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1093},"headData":{"title":"Inheriting a Home in California? Here's What You Need to Know | KQED","description":"Proposition 19, which voters narrowly passed in 2020, aimed to give a tax break to older Californians looking to downsize. But the new law also changed the math for people inheriting a home, complicating an already emotional decision.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Inheriting a Home in California? Here's What You Need to Know","datePublished":"2024-02-13T20:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-13T21:09:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11975582/inheriting-a-home-in-california-heres-what-you-need-to-know","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re expecting to inherit a home in California, you might need to find a “for sale” sign. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11841414/what-you-need-to-know-about-proposition-19-and-property-tax-transfers-transcript\">That’s because Proposition 19\u003c/a> has made it much harder to keep that house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the proposition narrowly passed in 2020, parents could pass down their home and their very low property tax rate to their children. But Proposition 19 changed that. Now, the property’s value gets reassessed at the time of transfer, and the property taxes could rise along with it. It’s confusing for some who can’t decide whether they should sell or keep their newly inherited property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many people in California, inheriting a home their parents bought decades earlier — when the cost of housing was much more affordable concerning average salaries — is the only way they’ll be able to own a home. If you’re in this situation, keep reading for some factors to consider:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do you plan to live in the house you inherit?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some benefits for people who choose to make an inherited property their primary residence. If you plan to live in the inherited home, you can apply to have up to $1 million excluded from the tax reassessment as long as you move into the home within a year of the transfer. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I have seen circumstances where the property tax reassessment really threatens a family’s ability to stay in their neighborhood.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Alicia Gamez, attorney, specializing in California taxation law, estate planning, trust and probate law","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Despite those benefits, there are some downsides, said Alicia Gamez, an attorney specializing in California taxation law, estate planning, trust and probate law. If a family’s home is a multi-unit building, where the parents live in one unit while their children live in other units, only the parents’ unit will qualify for a reassessment exemption. The other units, where the children live, would get reassessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen circumstances where the property tax reassessment really threatens a family’s ability to stay in their neighborhood,” Gamez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gamez said situations can differ based on the circumstances of families. If the home requires repairs, those can add up, and deciding to live in the home is even more expensive and complicated. If siblings are involved, selling and splitting the money may be easier than having one sibling buy out the others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the children already own a home, they might not want to move. In that case, they can choose to sell the inherited property or rent it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do you plan to rent out the inherited house?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rather than selling the inherited property, many inheritors chose to rent out the home and collect a passive income. Before Proposition 19 passed, the inheritors could keep the low property tax rate. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Housing ","tag":"housing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some people called this the “\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2018/08/prop-13-jeff-bridges-property-taxes-inheritance-estate-california/\">Lebowski loophole\u003c/a>” because the law allowed people like actor Jeff Bridges and his siblings to \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-property-taxes-elites-201808-htmlstory.html\">pay $5,700 in annual property taxes\u003c/a> on the Malibu beach house his parents bought in the 1950s while renting it out for $15,995 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, if you plan to rent out the property you inherit, the property’s value will be reassessed and could result in a steep increase in property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gamez said Proposition 19 also aimed to fix some of the “market anomalies” created by decades of unusually low tax rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were people in San Francisco who had real estate that was vacant, and it only cost them $600 a year in property taxes,” she said. “They chose not to sell it because it was an appreciating asset with very low overhead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Proposition 19, she said, “It’s going to cost them tens of thousands of dollars to just hold it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why was Proposition 19 passed in the first place?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proposition 19, officially called the Home Protection for Seniors, Severely Disabled, Families and Victims of Wildfire or Natural Disasters Act, aimed to help people 55 years and older downsize from larger, single-family homes into smaller houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.car.org/knowledge/brokers/Prop-19\">California Association of Realtors\u003c/a> lobbied in favor of the proposition and promised it would “open up tens of thousands of housing opportunities,” making the homes “more readily available for first-time homeowners, families and Californians throughout the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to Proposition 19, people looking to downsize into a smaller home or condo can keep their low tax rate if they purchase a home of equal or lesser value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the money generated through the increased property taxes this new law is expected to generate, 80% funds fire suppression efforts for local special districts and the rest goes to the State Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is there a chance Proposition 19 will be overturned?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some property owners across the state want to \u003ca href=\"https://reinstate58.hjta.org/\">repeal Proposition 19\u003c/a> and bring the issue in front of voters, but the movement is still small. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’m a real estate investor myself, and I haven’t taken any drastic measures. I’m waiting to see how this pans out in the long run.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Kern Singh, attorney, specializing in estate law","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kern Singh, an attorney who specializes in estate law, said some of his clients considered transferring their property to their children immediately, rather than waiting for the property to increase in value, as a way to maintain a lower tax rate. But he said he’s urging those clients to wait and see what happens with Proposition 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a real estate investor myself, and I haven’t taken any drastic measures,” he said. “I’m waiting to see how this pans out in the long run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gamez is a bit more skeptical about any repeal effort, especially as more people purchase homes in California and pay steep property taxes, often for older properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for every person who has a super low property tax basis, they have several neighbors who do not,” she said. “Are those neighbors going to vote to let their neighbor keep their 1979 property tax basis? I think there are a lot of people who feel significant resentment towards having not been born here in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11975582/inheriting-a-home-in-california-heres-what-you-need-to-know","authors":["11672"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_32707","news_18538","news_27626","news_1775"],"featImg":"news_11975585","label":"news_72"},"news_11889263":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11889263","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11889263","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-firefighters-keep-getting-injured-during-training-and-some-have-died","title":"California's Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died","publishDate":1632319232,"format":"standard","headTitle":"LAist | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Even as he lay dying on the side of a Southern California mountain — his lips blue, the color gone from his face — wildland firefighter Yaroslav Katkov wanted to push on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting to the top. We’re finishing,” his captain recalled Katkov saying after collapsing atop a ridge during a training hike in hot weather, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s speech was garbled. He tried to stand, but couldn’t find his footing. His body temperature was reaching dangerous levels. He was suffering from heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened on that sun-soaked July day in 2019 is one thread in a larger story about firefighter training in an era of intensifying heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, known as Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of heat-related incidents — the largest category — involve firefighters who fell ill during routine training exercises, Columbia Journalism Investigations, KPCC and LAist found. Like Katkov, nearly all of these firefighters worked part time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889335\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1390px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889335 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration of a red firefighter helmet and goggles above five blurry white dots, on a black background.\" width=\"1390\" height=\"935\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg 1390w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-800x538.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-160x108.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1390px) 100vw, 1390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The incidents, documented in Cal Fire’s workplace-injury logs, were specifically classified as heat related and occurred between Jan. 1, 2020, and Aug. 3, 2021. CJI and LAist were unable to ascertain how typical the case numbers are. Cal Fire refused to say whether they were unusual or in line with annual totals for heat illnesses among workers over the past decade. The department declined to provide data that could put the numbers into a broader context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CJI and LAist compiled less comprehensive data from internal Cal Fire reports on employee training injuries dating back to 2001, in addition to other state records. These documents show at least 14 other incidents that bear what some experts say are hallmarks of heat-related illness. In five of these incidents, the firefighters died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']Over the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for Cal Fire.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the firefighters succumbed to injuries not on the fire line in some remote California wilderness, but during required training. Many were decked out in full wildland gear — wearing long-sleeve jackets, pants and helmets while carrying heavy tools — and doing activities meant to simulate wildfire fighting — taking short hikes into the woods, for instance, or laying hoses up a mountainside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of the deaths occurred in temperatures ranging from 70 to 87 degrees. Four of the victims were incarcerated, participating in a state program meant to bolster firefighting forces that dates back to WWII.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts and federal workplace regulators agree that heat-related illnesses and deaths are 100% preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts, a review of hundreds of pages of government records detailing firefighter injuries and deaths and an analysis of worker heat death cases reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. Combined, they make up about half of the agency’s nearly 10,000-strong firefighting force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s death was exceptional in just how many institutional failures occurred during his hike, records show. But many of the other cases of heat-related injuries and deaths indicate the same underlying problems — a punitive culture that can endanger firefighters’ health, a lackluster physical screening process and an ineffective plan for building up firefighters’ tolerance for heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889384\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1380px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration composed of nine black-and-white squares that include images of the Lippe Hike, overlaid with a red outline of the trail.\" width=\"1380\" height=\"920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg 1380w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1380px) 100vw, 1380px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov collapsed on his second lap of the 1.45 mile Lippe Hike in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula. According to documents related to the hike, Katkov's captain ignored signs from Katkov of potential illness. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Warning signs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the day of Katkov’s hike, Cal Fire officials later found that his captain, Joe Ekblad, had missed opportunities to act on several telltale signs of heat illness. Not until Katkov collapsed at the top of that ridge did Ekblad begin emergency procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The captain later explained he believed that they could cool Katkov down if they moved fast enough. They stripped off his jacket and drenched him in water. But it didn’t work. Katkov took several deep “gulpy breaths,” according to documents obtained from the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA. Still, Ekblad delayed calling for emergency help because he thought Katkov “would snap back out of it,” the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Statement from Cal Fire\"]'[Cal Fire] vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.'[/pullquote]Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the next day. Cal Fire demoted Ekblad. The department found he had “failed to identify a crew member … in physical and/mental distress.” Ekblad didn’t respond to requests for comment. Records show he told investigators that Katkov was a willing participant in the exercises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to several requests to interview the department’s head of safety. In a statement, it said it “vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department says it trains all its firefighters — seasonal, incarcerated or otherwise — on the dangers associated with wildland firefighting, “including methods to prevent, recognize and respond to symptoms of heat related illnesses.” It described its efforts to combat heat-related injuries and deaths as “a partnership” with individual firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each must do his/her part year-round to ensure that they are preparing for the upcoming fire season,” the department wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, 2019, Katkov embarked on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike, a 1.45-mile loop at Cal Fire’s Station 16 in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gavin Bledsoe, one of the station’s other fire captains, later told Cal/OSHA investigators that “he had concerns with Joe pushing Yaro hard,” and that Ekblad had pushed other firefighters without giving them enough time for breaks in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889386\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889386 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view from Lippe Hike: several hills and a light cloudy sky.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lippe Hike winds through the hills just behind Cal Fire Station 16 in northern San Diego County. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to documents related to Ekblad’s demotion, the hike that preceded Katkov’s death had never been timed before that morning, and Bledsoe believed the standard for finishing it was set “specifically with Yaro in mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe has been pushing really hard to get Yaro to quit or up to his standards,” Bledsoe told Cal/OSHA investigators about the rookie firefighter who regularly hiked the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bledsoe didn’t respond to multiple phone calls and text messages seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889397\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889397 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A studio portrait of a man in a Cal Fire uniform smiling at the camera.\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg 427w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1-160x240.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire firefighter Yaroslav Katkov. Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the day after embarking on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter-mile into the hike, seasonal firefighter Matthew Guerrero told investigators, Katkov was breathing heavily. At one point, as the hike wound from mountains alongside a road, Katkov was slow to move out of oncoming traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad wrote in his notebook, “Road Hazard - Cognitive Question.” This was an early sign of heat illness that Ekblad ignored, Cal Fire documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio completed the hike in about 40 minutes — 10 minutes slower than the time Ekblad had set for the station that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're gonna do it again. The first hike was unacceptable,” Ekblad said, according to the Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad later told the agency’s investigators that doing the hike twice wasn’t standard practice. Cal Fire concluded that it was “clearly unnecessary” given the signs of distress Katkov had exhibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio rested for 20 minutes, drank some water and set off to do the hike again. By then, the temperature had climbed to nearly 88 degrees — five degrees hotter than the 40-year average for the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the steep, often-shadeless path, Katkov told Ekblad he was exhausted — another symptom of heat illness that Ekblad should have recognized, Cal Fire documents said. Rather than seek emergency care, however, the captain encouraged both firefighters to press on, and they pushed up the hill. Guerrero helped steady Katkov’s balance, but Katkov stumbled and had to pause at least 20 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atop the 650-foot ridge, Katkov fell forward and sat down. Ekblad told him to take off some of his wildland gear, and Guerrero tried to shade him with a jacket. They poured water on him, but his eyes rolled back. He eventually passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly an hour after starting the hike a second time, Ekblad called for help. Katkov began to shake uncontrollably. It took another hour for an air ambulance to get to the remote location and transport Katkov to Temecula Valley Hospital. He died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors found that Cal Fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Hadn’t provided enough water or shade on the hike.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failed to monitor Katkov for preexisting sensitivities to heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t prepare Katkov for the intensity of the job, as required under Cal Fire’s heat-illness prevention plan.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t initiate an emergency medical response until it was too late.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA fined the department $80,875 — almost five times the average Cal/OSHA fine of $17,000 for all types of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A 'toughness mentality'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Katkov’s longtime girlfriend, said she was shocked after reading the investigation. It was clear that Cal Fire hadn’t done everything it should have done to protect Katkov, she said. Its safeguards against workplace heat appear to have failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told me that everything that could have been done was done, and that there was no waste of time,” Vallario said. “I believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to written questions about Katkov’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11889399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A sign that reads, 'Cal Fire De Luz Station 16' next to a country road.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov worked at Cal Fire De Luz Station 16 located in the hills just outside of Temecula.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rank matters at Cal Fire. Impressing superiors can help a seasonal firefighter move on to a coveted full-time spot. But a tough paramilitary culture often pushes Cal Fire employees to their physical limits, even in hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, that culture has contributed to serious heat-related injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for instance, a Cal Fire firefighter was at a “rehire” training session in Riverside, meant for seasonal employees about to rejoin their crews. He and the other trainees were forced to do “extra rigorous” exercises after someone had arrived late, according to a Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group practiced a simulated fire attack, the firefighter complained about feeling ill and asked his supervisor if he could take off his jacket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor said no and told the firefighter to sit down in the sun, the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886628\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]About 10 minutes later, a colleague reported that the firefighter did “not look good.” His legs cramped, and he was gasping for breath — both symptoms of heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter was hospitalized for two days, and Cal/OSHA fined the department $18,560 for violating California’s heat standard by failing to allow the employee to take an adequate rest break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similar case in 2017, another Cal Fire firefighter was working in full wildland gear while moving a hose for a training exercise, according to Cal/OSHA records. After a break, a new instructor took over another round of the activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter later told Cal/OSHA that the work was more strenuous the second time, and that the instructor had “pushed the employee to do more.” The firefighter struggled to finish the task. He was so confused that he couldn’t answer questions, Cal/OSHA records show. An altered mental state is a red flag for heat illness, medical experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor mocked the firefighter and suggested he “go to Orange County since their training is easier,” the inspector wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in the earlier case, the firefighter spent two days in the hospital. Cal Fire was fined another $2,430 for failing to educate employees about heat’s threats and not providing ready access to water and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Robert Salgado, Former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter\"]'We don’t want the smartest guy … we just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.'[/pullquote]Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jon Heggie, who leads several fire stations based in San Diego, including Katkov’s former station, said the department is working to root out the “toughness” mentality that has pervaded its ranks. Some heat-related incidents “have been an unfortunate wake-up call that maybe that culture needs to change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may be difficult. Robert Salgado, a former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter, notes that Cal Fire’s do-or-die attitude is one of the “very deep-rooted cultural practices in the fire service” that is passed from department to department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want the smartest guy … we don’t want the most trained guy,” Salgado said. “We just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire union president Tim Edwards of Local 2881 recalls a recent incident in which supervisors pushed firefighters in training activities beyond their limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll admit it, we had problems in San Diego in the last four months,” he said, explaining that one supervisor was warned about the way he was treating firefighters after a union member filed a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisor was pushing firefighters to hike “when they weren’t feeling good,” Edwards said, “making them hike thinking if he pushed them a little bit further, it would help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire, for its part, acknowledges that the department spoke with the supervisor but said he was not reprimanded. It describes the incident as an example of how the department and the union can work together to address potential health issues before they get worse.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Don't blame the firefighters'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another problem, insiders say, is that Cal Fire doesn’t have a physical fitness standard that makes clear what kind of shape seasonal and incarcerated firefighters must be in when they return to duty after months off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11836399\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/44642_transform-1.jpg\"]Without such a standard, firefighters may not realize they’re not fit enough until they’re on training hikes or in the field on hot days. At that point, it’s up to individual supervisors to say whether it’s a problem for any firefighter, and what that firefighter needs to do to improve. And that can make for trouble when those supervisors push their employees too hard, especially on hot days, to reach whatever level they deem correct, insiders say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards, of Cal Fire Local 2881, notes that the union has “been pushing for years to have a minimal physical fitness standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the union wants seasonal firefighters to have their fitness tested over a week, with intense physical exercise and step-by-step goals to measure their progress. If they fail to pass those tests, he said, they could be set on a remedial path or let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards blames the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation for issues involving incarcerated firefighters. He argues that Cal Fire has little control over these abilities when they arrive at fire camps, even though the 11 heat-related incidents involving incarcerated people identified by CJI and LAist occurred during official Cal Fire trainings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corrections Department said Cal Fire has always trained incarcerated firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, when a firefighter falls behind on fitness requirements, Cal Fire’s system leaves it up to individual stations to determine how that firefighter will move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889391\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889391 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A line of firefighters wearing bright orange uniforms and carrying equipment walk alongside a forest in front of a firefighter wearing a traditional yellow uniform.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incarcerated firefighters on a training hike with Cal Fire. Incarcerated individuals make up a big chunk of California's firefighters during wildfire season, but some firefighter union officials point out that incarcerated firefighters don't receive enough physical training from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation before they join a crew. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When firefighters are assigned to a crew for the season, they are allotted an hour each day for personal training, and given access to wellness coordinators and workout gear. Supervisors are required to sign off on each firefighter’s monthly progress as part of a “Physical Fitness Documentation Log.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more than half of heat-illness cases examined by CJI and LAist, the firefighters didn’t have a fitness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with a Cal/OSHA investigator, some of Katkov’s former colleagues raised concerns about his physical fitness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Statement from Cal Fire\"]'Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead.'[/pullquote]But Cal/OSHA found that Ekblad had not created a fitness plan or any documentation to measure Katkov’s progress, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its statement, Cal Fire said it has no control over its firefighters’ “fitness efforts, caffeine intake, eating habits, water intake, sun exposure, alcohol consumption, or other factors that may impact their ability to perform their job functions” when they are off-duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take weeks or months for firefighters to safely build up their fitness, and experts say it’s not something that can be forced with strenuous exercise in a short period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead,” Cal Fire said in its statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Ruby, a University of Montana professor who has studied the physical demands of wildland firefighting, said ad hoc training is not the ideal way to train because there’s “a tendency to try to push” new or young recruits. As these firefighters press on, he said, the strain on their body builds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They hike faster, they produce more heat,” Ruby said, “but the environment is still bearing down on them and pushing back on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Thomas Ferguson, Consultant for Cal Fire\"]'We've got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.'[/pullquote]Dr. Thomas Ferguson, a consultant who says he reviews 8,000 medical files for Cal Fire each year, has seen how firefighters who are pushed too hard can get blamed for not meeting physical expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson told Cal/OSHA investigators that seasonal firefighters like Katkov are most vulnerable to heat illness. According to Cal/OSHA’s investigative file on Katkov’s death, Ferguson urged the department to adopt a fitness standard for seasonal and incarcerated firefighters partly for this reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don't blame the firefighters,” he said in a recent interview. “We've got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11889395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two firefighters seem to be pulling a long hose through the forest.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters with Cal Fire San Diego practice a progressive hose lay during training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Identifying the hidden risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even before starting the job, Cal Fire’s health screening processes may miss conditions that could jeopardize firefighters’ lives, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasonal and incarcerated firefighters get little more than a basic physical, which experts say doesn’t always screen for potentially problematic health conditions. That has had dire consequences on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, eight firefighters with underlying health problems have died during training — five of them likely from heat exposure, experts say. All of them were incarcerated except for Katkov. Four died from cardiovascular issues, such as heart attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not all of those cases were directly tied to heat, researchers say high temperatures often play a hidden role in injuries and deaths, especially in workers who have underlying or preexisting health conditions, such as heart or kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said its screening policy requires “an annual medical evaluation for all applicants and employees who are required to be medically cleared.” Tests intended to check for preexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and some cancers, are voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview with CJI and LAist, Ferguson said Cal Fire has a hard time keeping up with the basic screenings for thousands of seasonal and incarcerated firefighters each year. “It’s an operational issue for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union’s Edwards goes further. “When the State of California is hiring a temporary employee, and this is just the sad truth of it, they're not going to want to invest a whole lot of time and money,” he said. “We don't agree with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests, according to the union. Seasonal firefighters are offered the opportunity, but it’s not mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart issues, which could be caught by more extensive tests, are among the preexisting conditions exacerbated by heat. When a firefighter dies, heat can be overlooked as the primary factor, creating a pattern of uneven enforcement, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2015, Raymond Araujo, a 37-year-old incarcerated man assigned to work in the Bautista Conservation Camp, set off on a training hike in Banning, California, about 30 miles from Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cal/OSHA records, Araujo covered two miles of steep terrain. The temperature reached 81 degrees — 10 degrees hotter for the area for that time of year. He stumbled during the exercise. His colleagues tried to carry him to the finish but eventually he lost his vision and fell to his knees. About an hour after the hike began, paramedics declared him dead, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11889336\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS50579_002_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1-1020x680.jpg\"]A Cal/OSHA investigation named heat as a contributing factor in Araujo’s death, but the Riverside County coroner determined the cause was “hypertensive cardiovascular disease,” according to an autopsy report. Cal/OSHA’s medical unit, noting the preexisting condition, concluded that “it did not appear likely that a heat illness or other work-related illness or injury played any role in Araujo’s sudden death,” records show. The agency closed the case without issuing any citations for violating the state’s heat standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garrett Brown, a Cal/OSHA inspector from 1994 to 2014, investigated more than 100 work sites for heat issues. He reviewed the Araujo case at our request and said it was impossible to know why the agency chose not to address the heat standard violations. Despite that decision, Brown said the incident resembled many heat cases he had handled, in which workers suffered heart or kidney failure because of hot temperatures, and likely should’ve been handled as possible heat standard violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA spokesperson defended the agency’s handling of Araujo’s death. “Cal/OSHA Enforcement relied on the Medical Unit's opinion,” the spokesperson, Frank Polizzi, wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson isn’t the only one who’s raised concerns about Cal Fire’s health-screening process. During the Cal/OSHA investigation into Katkov’s death, Tammy Stout, manager of the Cal Fire medical unit, was blunt in her assessment of the process, explaining that she had received medical clearance even though she believed she was physically incapable of doing a firefighter’s job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire Captain Cesar Nerey put it simply. “You could get a better physical playing high school football than the one required by Cal Fire,” he told the Cal/OSHA investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A gap in existing heat protections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s another concerning factor in how Cal Fire brings new firefighters onto the job: a lack of a department-wide regimented acclimatization plan that would ease employees into the heat. Instead, as with fitness training, Cal Fire leaves it up to individual stations to craft their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886402\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1773-1020x680.jpg\"]Here’s why that matters. Acclimatization — building up a tolerance for heat — is a crucial part of training firefighters to operate in extreme conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easing firefighters into the work in hot temperatures is widely viewed as one of the best ways to prevent heat illnesses and deaths. It should happen during a new or newly returned firefighter’s two weeks of training, health experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 25 years, since the death of a California firefighter from heat exposure while constructing a fire line in 1997, a federal agency has recommended the state follow specific protocols for acclimatization of firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocols, from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), call for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>New employees working in heat no more than 20% of their first shift, with a daily increase of the same percentage until fully acclimated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Experienced firefighters returning from an extended break working in heat more than 50% of the first day, with a gradual increase over the course of a week.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said that it is considering those recommendations, but it “may not be achievable in all situations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department said following them “could cause issues in protecting the people and resources of California,” since firefighters often are thrust into emergency situations when a fire erupts and may come from areas across the state and be used to different climates. Cal Fire did not address non-emergency training scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976705\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/MexicanCrew-Casimiro-1020x765.jpg\"]Some heat-related incidents have occurred early in a firefighter’s tenure and during training. Of all the incidents identified by CJI and LAist, records show at least 14 employees were sickened by heat at the Cal Fire training academy during their first weeks. Dozens more suffered from heat illnesses on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a two-month period in the summer of 2014, three firefighters were hospitalized after they had trained in the heat. Two of these incidents occurred in the same week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA considers an acclimatization plan the pinnacle of heat awareness — indeed, it is one of the four pillars of heat safety in the state’s standard. Yet the agency leaves the details on how to acclimate employees up to individual employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, Cal/OSHA said “the acclimatization period, when employees are introduced to high heat, is the most critical in terms of illness prevention.” The agency rarely cites employers for failing to acclimatize their employees, as compared to other heat-related violations, having done so only 68 times since 2015, as of July 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What can prevent a tragedy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While heat continues to be an issue during Cal Fire training activities, a responsive supervisor can make the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a year after Katkov’s death, yet another firefighter came close to dying on a training hike in Mariposa, 150 miles east of San José. The firefighter had suffered leg cramps and vomited on the same trail just two weeks earlier, according to Cal Fire documents. A physician cleared him for work, but people with prior injuries can be more susceptible to heat stress, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hike in July 2020, the temperature reached 87 degrees. According to Cal Fire records, the captain, who said he’d been aware of the firefighter’s medical issues, watched his progress during the 60-minute exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the firefighter gasped for breath, the captain implored him to slow down. When his legs cramped, a colleague helped him down a hill. The captain called an ambulance, and the crew gave him oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlifted to a trauma center, the firefigher was treated for heat stroke and a heat-related condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which causes muscle tissue to break down and leak toxins into the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889393\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 623px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889393 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg\" alt=\"A smiling couple in formal dress sit together at a table at a party.\" width=\"623\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov with his longtime partner, Ashley Vallario. Vallario considered filing a lawsuit after Katkov's death but later decided against it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Yaroslav Katkov’s partner, who considered filing a lawsuit but decided against it, still can’t understand why Katkov wasn’t given the same level of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov was selfless, she said, someone who would help others even to his detriment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in their relationship, Vallario remembers Katkov taking her on a date to pick up trash on the beach. Initially, that gave her pause, but she’s come to realize it was Katkov’s way of giving back. “It definitely made me, like, a better person,” Vallario said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Katkov’s death, she has pushed Cal Fire to demand more of its leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're supposed to have faith that those people would keep them safe,” she said. “It shows what kind of leadership that they're willing to allow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York, along with Jacob Margolis, a science reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Extensive interviews with current and former members of Cal Fire and reviews of hundreds of government records reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety that put at risk those who fight California's wildfires.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1632346272,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":117,"wordCount":5192},"headData":{"title":"California's Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died | KQED","description":"Extensive interviews with current and former members of Cal Fire and reviews of hundreds of government records reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety that put at risk those who fight California's wildfires.","ogTitle":"California Firefighters Keep Getting Injured During Training and Some Have Lost Their Lives","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"California Firefighters Keep Getting Injured During Training and Some Have Lost Their Lives","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California's Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died","datePublished":"2021-09-22T14:00:32.000Z","dateModified":"2021-09-22T21:31:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11889263","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11889263","name":"Brian Edwards and Jacob Margolis","isLoading":false}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Firefighter-Cover-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Firefighter-Cover-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["Cal Fire","Cal-OSHA","California Wildfires","CalOSHA","firefighter safety","firefighters","Inmate firefighters","wildfires","workplace conditions","workplace culture","workplace safety"]}},"disqusIdentifier":"11889263 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11889263","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2021/09/22/california-firefighters-keep-getting-injured-during-training-and-some-have-died/","disqusTitle":"California's Firefighters Keep Getting Injured While Training. Some Have Died","source":"The California Newsroom","nprByline":"Brian Edwards and Jacob Margolis","path":"/news/11889263/california-firefighters-keep-getting-injured-during-training-and-some-have-died","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even as he lay dying on the side of a Southern California mountain — his lips blue, the color gone from his face — wildland firefighter Yaroslav Katkov wanted to push on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting to the top. We’re finishing,” his captain recalled Katkov saying after collapsing atop a ridge during a training hike in hot weather, according to state records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s speech was garbled. He tried to stand, but couldn’t find his footing. His body temperature was reaching dangerous levels. He was suffering from heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened on that sun-soaked July day in 2019 is one thread in a larger story about firefighter training in an era of intensifying heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, known as Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of heat-related incidents — the largest category — involve firefighters who fell ill during routine training exercises, Columbia Journalism Investigations, KPCC and LAist found. Like Katkov, nearly all of these firefighters worked part time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889335\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1390px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889335 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration of a red firefighter helmet and goggles above five blurry white dots, on a black background.\" width=\"1390\" height=\"935\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration.jpg 1390w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-800x538.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/firefighter-hat-illustration-160x108.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1390px) 100vw, 1390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The incidents, documented in Cal Fire’s workplace-injury logs, were specifically classified as heat related and occurred between Jan. 1, 2020, and Aug. 3, 2021. CJI and LAist were unable to ascertain how typical the case numbers are. Cal Fire refused to say whether they were unusual or in line with annual totals for heat illnesses among workers over the past decade. The department declined to provide data that could put the numbers into a broader context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CJI and LAist compiled less comprehensive data from internal Cal Fire reports on employee training injuries dating back to 2001, in addition to other state records. These documents show at least 14 other incidents that bear what some experts say are hallmarks of heat-related illness. In five of these incidents, the firefighters died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"Over the past 18 months, more than 150 firefighters were sickened by heat exposure while working for Cal Fire.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"large","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the firefighters succumbed to injuries not on the fire line in some remote California wilderness, but during required training. Many were decked out in full wildland gear — wearing long-sleeve jackets, pants and helmets while carrying heavy tools — and doing activities meant to simulate wildfire fighting — taking short hikes into the woods, for instance, or laying hoses up a mountainside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of the deaths occurred in temperatures ranging from 70 to 87 degrees. Four of the victims were incarcerated, participating in a state program meant to bolster firefighting forces that dates back to WWII.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts and federal workplace regulators agree that heat-related illnesses and deaths are 100% preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interviews with current and former Cal Fire employees, medical personnel and wildland firefighting experts, a review of hundreds of pages of government records detailing firefighter injuries and deaths and an analysis of worker heat death cases reveal multiple issues involving workplace safety during Cal Fire training activities. This is true especially for those who don’t work year-round, such as seasonal and incarcerated firefighters. Combined, they make up about half of the agency’s nearly 10,000-strong firefighting force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov’s death was exceptional in just how many institutional failures occurred during his hike, records show. But many of the other cases of heat-related injuries and deaths indicate the same underlying problems — a punitive culture that can endanger firefighters’ health, a lackluster physical screening process and an ineffective plan for building up firefighters’ tolerance for heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889384\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1380px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg\" alt=\"An illustration composed of nine black-and-white squares that include images of the Lippe Hike, overlaid with a red outline of the trail.\" width=\"1380\" height=\"920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration.jpg 1380w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Warning-signs-illustration-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1380px) 100vw, 1380px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov collapsed on his second lap of the 1.45 mile Lippe Hike in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula. According to documents related to the hike, Katkov's captain ignored signs from Katkov of potential illness. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Alborz Kamalizad / Photography courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Warning signs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the day of Katkov’s hike, Cal Fire officials later found that his captain, Joe Ekblad, had missed opportunities to act on several telltale signs of heat illness. Not until Katkov collapsed at the top of that ridge did Ekblad begin emergency procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The captain later explained he believed that they could cool Katkov down if they moved fast enough. They stripped off his jacket and drenched him in water. But it didn’t work. Katkov took several deep “gulpy breaths,” according to documents obtained from the state’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA. Still, Ekblad delayed calling for emergency help because he thought Katkov “would snap back out of it,” the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'[Cal Fire] vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Statement from Cal Fire","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the next day. Cal Fire demoted Ekblad. The department found he had “failed to identify a crew member … in physical and/mental distress.” Ekblad didn’t respond to requests for comment. Records show he told investigators that Katkov was a willing participant in the exercises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to several requests to interview the department’s head of safety. In a statement, it said it “vigorously rejects the notion that a punitive culture exists in relation to the fitness, safety, or wellbeing of our workforce.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department says it trains all its firefighters — seasonal, incarcerated or otherwise — on the dangers associated with wildland firefighting, “including methods to prevent, recognize and respond to symptoms of heat related illnesses.” It described its efforts to combat heat-related injuries and deaths as “a partnership” with individual firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each must do his/her part year-round to ensure that they are preparing for the upcoming fire season,” the department wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, 2019, Katkov embarked on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike, a 1.45-mile loop at Cal Fire’s Station 16 in Fallbrook, California, a mountain town ringed by ranches just outside of Temecula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gavin Bledsoe, one of the station’s other fire captains, later told Cal/OSHA investigators that “he had concerns with Joe pushing Yaro hard,” and that Ekblad had pushed other firefighters without giving them enough time for breaks in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889386\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889386 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view from Lippe Hike: several hills and a light cloudy sky.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Lippe-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lippe Hike winds through the hills just behind Cal Fire Station 16 in northern San Diego County. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to documents related to Ekblad’s demotion, the hike that preceded Katkov’s death had never been timed before that morning, and Bledsoe believed the standard for finishing it was set “specifically with Yaro in mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe has been pushing really hard to get Yaro to quit or up to his standards,” Bledsoe told Cal/OSHA investigators about the rookie firefighter who regularly hiked the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bledsoe didn’t respond to multiple phone calls and text messages seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889397\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 427px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889397 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg\" alt=\"A studio portrait of a man in a Cal Fire uniform smiling at the camera.\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1.jpeg 427w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-1-160x240.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cal Fire firefighter Yaroslav Katkov. Katkov died of hyperthermia at a hospital the day after embarking on a training exercise called the Lippe Hike. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter-mile into the hike, seasonal firefighter Matthew Guerrero told investigators, Katkov was breathing heavily. At one point, as the hike wound from mountains alongside a road, Katkov was slow to move out of oncoming traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad wrote in his notebook, “Road Hazard - Cognitive Question.” This was an early sign of heat illness that Ekblad ignored, Cal Fire documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio completed the hike in about 40 minutes — 10 minutes slower than the time Ekblad had set for the station that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're gonna do it again. The first hike was unacceptable,” Ekblad said, according to the Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekblad later told the agency’s investigators that doing the hike twice wasn’t standard practice. Cal Fire concluded that it was “clearly unnecessary” given the signs of distress Katkov had exhibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trio rested for 20 minutes, drank some water and set off to do the hike again. By then, the temperature had climbed to nearly 88 degrees — five degrees hotter than the 40-year average for the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the steep, often-shadeless path, Katkov told Ekblad he was exhausted — another symptom of heat illness that Ekblad should have recognized, Cal Fire documents said. Rather than seek emergency care, however, the captain encouraged both firefighters to press on, and they pushed up the hill. Guerrero helped steady Katkov’s balance, but Katkov stumbled and had to pause at least 20 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atop the 650-foot ridge, Katkov fell forward and sat down. Ekblad told him to take off some of his wildland gear, and Guerrero tried to shade him with a jacket. They poured water on him, but his eyes rolled back. He eventually passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly an hour after starting the hike a second time, Ekblad called for help. Katkov began to shake uncontrollably. It took another hour for an air ambulance to get to the remote location and transport Katkov to Temecula Valley Hospital. He died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA inspectors found that Cal Fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Hadn’t provided enough water or shade on the hike.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Failed to monitor Katkov for preexisting sensitivities to heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t prepare Katkov for the intensity of the job, as required under Cal Fire’s heat-illness prevention plan.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Didn’t initiate an emergency medical response until it was too late.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA fined the department $80,875 — almost five times the average Cal/OSHA fine of $17,000 for all types of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A 'toughness mentality'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Katkov’s longtime girlfriend, said she was shocked after reading the investigation. It was clear that Cal Fire hadn’t done everything it should have done to protect Katkov, she said. Its safeguards against workplace heat appear to have failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told me that everything that could have been done was done, and that there was no waste of time,” Vallario said. “I believed them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire didn’t respond to written questions about Katkov’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889399\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11889399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A sign that reads, 'Cal Fire De Luz Station 16' next to a country road.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1696\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Cal-Fire-Station-Sign-1920x1272.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov worked at Cal Fire De Luz Station 16 located in the hills just outside of Temecula.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rank matters at Cal Fire. Impressing superiors can help a seasonal firefighter move on to a coveted full-time spot. But a tough paramilitary culture often pushes Cal Fire employees to their physical limits, even in hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, that culture has contributed to serious heat-related injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for instance, a Cal Fire firefighter was at a “rehire” training session in Riverside, meant for seasonal employees about to rejoin their crews. He and the other trainees were forced to do “extra rigorous” exercises after someone had arrived late, according to a Cal/OSHA investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group practiced a simulated fire attack, the firefighter complained about feeling ill and asked his supervisor if he could take off his jacket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor said no and told the firefighter to sit down in the sun, the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11886628","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>About 10 minutes later, a colleague reported that the firefighter did “not look good.” His legs cramped, and he was gasping for breath — both symptoms of heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter was hospitalized for two days, and Cal/OSHA fined the department $18,560 for violating California’s heat standard by failing to allow the employee to take an adequate rest break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a similar case in 2017, another Cal Fire firefighter was working in full wildland gear while moving a hose for a training exercise, according to Cal/OSHA records. After a break, a new instructor took over another round of the activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firefighter later told Cal/OSHA that the work was more strenuous the second time, and that the instructor had “pushed the employee to do more.” The firefighter struggled to finish the task. He was so confused that he couldn’t answer questions, Cal/OSHA records show. An altered mental state is a red flag for heat illness, medical experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instructor mocked the firefighter and suggested he “go to Orange County since their training is easier,” the inspector wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in the earlier case, the firefighter spent two days in the hospital. Cal Fire was fined another $2,430 for failing to educate employees about heat’s threats and not providing ready access to water and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We don’t want the smartest guy … we just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Robert Salgado, Former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jon Heggie, who leads several fire stations based in San Diego, including Katkov’s former station, said the department is working to root out the “toughness” mentality that has pervaded its ranks. Some heat-related incidents “have been an unfortunate wake-up call that maybe that culture needs to change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may be difficult. Robert Salgado, a former Cal/OSHA inspector and wildland firefighter, notes that Cal Fire’s do-or-die attitude is one of the “very deep-rooted cultural practices in the fire service” that is passed from department to department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want the smartest guy … we don’t want the most trained guy,” Salgado said. “We just want a guy who can throw on a pack and hike hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire union president Tim Edwards of Local 2881 recalls a recent incident in which supervisors pushed firefighters in training activities beyond their limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll admit it, we had problems in San Diego in the last four months,” he said, explaining that one supervisor was warned about the way he was treating firefighters after a union member filed a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisor was pushing firefighters to hike “when they weren’t feeling good,” Edwards said, “making them hike thinking if he pushed them a little bit further, it would help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire, for its part, acknowledges that the department spoke with the supervisor but said he was not reprimanded. It describes the incident as an example of how the department and the union can work together to address potential health issues before they get worse.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Don't blame the firefighters'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another problem, insiders say, is that Cal Fire doesn’t have a physical fitness standard that makes clear what kind of shape seasonal and incarcerated firefighters must be in when they return to duty after months off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11836399","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/44642_transform-1.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Without such a standard, firefighters may not realize they’re not fit enough until they’re on training hikes or in the field on hot days. At that point, it’s up to individual supervisors to say whether it’s a problem for any firefighter, and what that firefighter needs to do to improve. And that can make for trouble when those supervisors push their employees too hard, especially on hot days, to reach whatever level they deem correct, insiders say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards, of Cal Fire Local 2881, notes that the union has “been pushing for years to have a minimal physical fitness standard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the union wants seasonal firefighters to have their fitness tested over a week, with intense physical exercise and step-by-step goals to measure their progress. If they fail to pass those tests, he said, they could be set on a remedial path or let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards blames the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation for issues involving incarcerated firefighters. He argues that Cal Fire has little control over these abilities when they arrive at fire camps, even though the 11 heat-related incidents involving incarcerated people identified by CJI and LAist occurred during official Cal Fire trainings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corrections Department said Cal Fire has always trained incarcerated firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, when a firefighter falls behind on fitness requirements, Cal Fire’s system leaves it up to individual stations to determine how that firefighter will move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889391\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889391 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A line of firefighters wearing bright orange uniforms and carrying equipment walk alongside a forest in front of a firefighter wearing a traditional yellow uniform.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Incarcerated-Hike-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Incarcerated firefighters on a training hike with Cal Fire. Incarcerated individuals make up a big chunk of California's firefighters during wildfire season, but some firefighter union officials point out that incarcerated firefighters don't receive enough physical training from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation before they join a crew. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When firefighters are assigned to a crew for the season, they are allotted an hour each day for personal training, and given access to wellness coordinators and workout gear. Supervisors are required to sign off on each firefighter’s monthly progress as part of a “Physical Fitness Documentation Log.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more than half of heat-illness cases examined by CJI and LAist, the firefighters didn’t have a fitness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with a Cal/OSHA investigator, some of Katkov’s former colleagues raised concerns about his physical fitness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Statement from Cal Fire","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But Cal/OSHA found that Ekblad had not created a fitness plan or any documentation to measure Katkov’s progress, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its statement, Cal Fire said it has no control over its firefighters’ “fitness efforts, caffeine intake, eating habits, water intake, sun exposure, alcohol consumption, or other factors that may impact their ability to perform their job functions” when they are off-duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take weeks or months for firefighters to safely build up their fitness, and experts say it’s not something that can be forced with strenuous exercise in a short period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as a runner cannot expect to run a marathon without months of preparation, a firefighter cannot show up for the beginning of fire season … without preparing their body for the tasks ahead,” Cal Fire said in its statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Ruby, a University of Montana professor who has studied the physical demands of wildland firefighting, said ad hoc training is not the ideal way to train because there’s “a tendency to try to push” new or young recruits. As these firefighters press on, he said, the strain on their body builds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They hike faster, they produce more heat,” Ruby said, “but the environment is still bearing down on them and pushing back on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"'We've got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.'","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Dr. Thomas Ferguson, Consultant for Cal Fire","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Dr. Thomas Ferguson, a consultant who says he reviews 8,000 medical files for Cal Fire each year, has seen how firefighters who are pushed too hard can get blamed for not meeting physical expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson told Cal/OSHA investigators that seasonal firefighters like Katkov are most vulnerable to heat illness. According to Cal/OSHA’s investigative file on Katkov’s death, Ferguson urged the department to adopt a fitness standard for seasonal and incarcerated firefighters partly for this reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don't blame the firefighters,” he said in a recent interview. “We've got to educate the supervisors to recognize that they need to pay attention to this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11889395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Two firefighters seem to be pulling a long hose through the forest.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Progressive-Hoselay-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters with Cal Fire San Diego practice a progressive hose lay during training. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Identifying the hidden risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even before starting the job, Cal Fire’s health screening processes may miss conditions that could jeopardize firefighters’ lives, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasonal and incarcerated firefighters get little more than a basic physical, which experts say doesn’t always screen for potentially problematic health conditions. That has had dire consequences on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, eight firefighters with underlying health problems have died during training — five of them likely from heat exposure, experts say. All of them were incarcerated except for Katkov. Four died from cardiovascular issues, such as heart attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not all of those cases were directly tied to heat, researchers say high temperatures often play a hidden role in injuries and deaths, especially in workers who have underlying or preexisting health conditions, such as heart or kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said its screening policy requires “an annual medical evaluation for all applicants and employees who are required to be medically cleared.” Tests intended to check for preexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and some cancers, are voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview with CJI and LAist, Ferguson said Cal Fire has a hard time keeping up with the basic screenings for thousands of seasonal and incarcerated firefighters each year. “It’s an operational issue for them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union’s Edwards goes further. “When the State of California is hiring a temporary employee, and this is just the sad truth of it, they're not going to want to invest a whole lot of time and money,” he said. “We don't agree with that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests, according to the union. Seasonal firefighters are offered the opportunity, but it’s not mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart issues, which could be caught by more extensive tests, are among the preexisting conditions exacerbated by heat. When a firefighter dies, heat can be overlooked as the primary factor, creating a pattern of uneven enforcement, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"It’s not until age 40 that full-time Cal Fire employees are required to take heart and blood tests.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"large","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2015, Raymond Araujo, a 37-year-old incarcerated man assigned to work in the Bautista Conservation Camp, set off on a training hike in Banning, California, about 30 miles from Palm Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cal/OSHA records, Araujo covered two miles of steep terrain. The temperature reached 81 degrees — 10 degrees hotter for the area for that time of year. He stumbled during the exercise. His colleagues tried to carry him to the finish but eventually he lost his vision and fell to his knees. About an hour after the hike began, paramedics declared him dead, according to the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11889336","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS50579_002_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA investigation named heat as a contributing factor in Araujo’s death, but the Riverside County coroner determined the cause was “hypertensive cardiovascular disease,” according to an autopsy report. Cal/OSHA’s medical unit, noting the preexisting condition, concluded that “it did not appear likely that a heat illness or other work-related illness or injury played any role in Araujo’s sudden death,” records show. The agency closed the case without issuing any citations for violating the state’s heat standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garrett Brown, a Cal/OSHA inspector from 1994 to 2014, investigated more than 100 work sites for heat issues. He reviewed the Araujo case at our request and said it was impossible to know why the agency chose not to address the heat standard violations. Despite that decision, Brown said the incident resembled many heat cases he had handled, in which workers suffered heart or kidney failure because of hot temperatures, and likely should’ve been handled as possible heat standard violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA spokesperson defended the agency’s handling of Araujo’s death. “Cal/OSHA Enforcement relied on the Medical Unit's opinion,” the spokesperson, Frank Polizzi, wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson isn’t the only one who’s raised concerns about Cal Fire’s health-screening process. During the Cal/OSHA investigation into Katkov’s death, Tammy Stout, manager of the Cal Fire medical unit, was blunt in her assessment of the process, explaining that she had received medical clearance even though she believed she was physically incapable of doing a firefighter’s job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire Captain Cesar Nerey put it simply. “You could get a better physical playing high school football than the one required by Cal Fire,” he told the Cal/OSHA investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A gap in existing heat protections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There’s another concerning factor in how Cal Fire brings new firefighters onto the job: a lack of a department-wide regimented acclimatization plan that would ease employees into the heat. Instead, as with fitness training, Cal Fire leaves it up to individual stations to craft their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11886402","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1773-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Here’s why that matters. Acclimatization — building up a tolerance for heat — is a crucial part of training firefighters to operate in extreme conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easing firefighters into the work in hot temperatures is widely viewed as one of the best ways to prevent heat illnesses and deaths. It should happen during a new or newly returned firefighter’s two weeks of training, health experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 25 years, since the death of a California firefighter from heat exposure while constructing a fire line in 1997, a federal agency has recommended the state follow specific protocols for acclimatization of firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocols, from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), call for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>New employees working in heat no more than 20% of their first shift, with a daily increase of the same percentage until fully acclimated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Experienced firefighters returning from an extended break working in heat more than 50% of the first day, with a gradual increase over the course of a week.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said that it is considering those recommendations, but it “may not be achievable in all situations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department said following them “could cause issues in protecting the people and resources of California,” since firefighters often are thrust into emergency situations when a fire erupts and may come from areas across the state and be used to different climates. Cal Fire did not address non-emergency training scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1976705","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/MexicanCrew-Casimiro-1020x765.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some heat-related incidents have occurred early in a firefighter’s tenure and during training. Of all the incidents identified by CJI and LAist, records show at least 14 employees were sickened by heat at the Cal Fire training academy during their first weeks. Dozens more suffered from heat illnesses on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a two-month period in the summer of 2014, three firefighters were hospitalized after they had trained in the heat. Two of these incidents occurred in the same week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA considers an acclimatization plan the pinnacle of heat awareness — indeed, it is one of the four pillars of heat safety in the state’s standard. Yet the agency leaves the details on how to acclimate employees up to individual employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, Cal/OSHA said “the acclimatization period, when employees are introduced to high heat, is the most critical in terms of illness prevention.” The agency rarely cites employers for failing to acclimatize their employees, as compared to other heat-related violations, having done so only 68 times since 2015, as of July 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What can prevent a tragedy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While heat continues to be an issue during Cal Fire training activities, a responsive supervisor can make the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a year after Katkov’s death, yet another firefighter came close to dying on a training hike in Mariposa, 150 miles east of San José. The firefighter had suffered leg cramps and vomited on the same trail just two weeks earlier, according to Cal Fire documents. A physician cleared him for work, but people with prior injuries can be more susceptible to heat stress, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hike in July 2020, the temperature reached 87 degrees. According to Cal Fire records, the captain, who said he’d been aware of the firefighter’s medical issues, watched his progress during the 60-minute exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the firefighter gasped for breath, the captain implored him to slow down. When his legs cramped, a colleague helped him down a hill. The captain called an ambulance, and the crew gave him oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlifted to a trauma center, the firefigher was treated for heat stroke and a heat-related condition known as rhabdomyolysis, which causes muscle tissue to break down and leak toxins into the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11889393\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 623px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11889393 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg\" alt=\"A smiling couple in formal dress sit together at a table at a party.\" width=\"623\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5.jpeg 623w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Yaro-5-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaroslav Katkov with his longtime partner, Ashley Vallario. Vallario considered filing a lawsuit after Katkov's death but later decided against it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Vallario)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ashley Vallario, Yaroslav Katkov’s partner, who considered filing a lawsuit but decided against it, still can’t understand why Katkov wasn’t given the same level of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katkov was selfless, she said, someone who would help others even to his detriment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in their relationship, Vallario remembers Katkov taking her on a date to pick up trash on the beach. Initially, that gave her pause, but she’s come to realize it was Katkov’s way of giving back. “It definitely made me, like, a better person,” Vallario said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Katkov’s death, she has pushed Cal Fire to demand more of its leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're supposed to have faith that those people would keep them safe,” she said. “It shows what kind of leadership that they're willing to allow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York, along with Jacob Margolis, a science reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11889263/california-firefighters-keep-getting-injured-during-training-and-some-have-died","authors":["byline_news_11889263"],"categories":["news_19906","news_8"],"tags":["news_6383","news_6145","news_4807","news_20341","news_5043","news_23831","news_18512","news_21241","news_4463","news_29880","news_20600","news_23063"],"affiliates":["news_7055","news_24117"],"featImg":"news_11889298","label":"source_news_11889263","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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