Rev. Wanda Johnson's son, Oscar Grant, was shot and killed by a Bay Area Rapid Transit police officer on January 1, 2009. The recordings of the internal investigation were not released until this year, when NPR member station KQED forced BART to comply with California's "The Right to Know Act," a 2019 police transparency law. (Nicole Xu for NPR)
Rev. Wanda Johnson sits down on a folding chair in her driveway on a hot afternoon in June. There’s no air conditioning inside, so she’s fashioned an outside office, and pulls her chair up to a small table where a computer is perched. She’s getting ready to listen to excerpts of nearly 60 hours of newly released tapes — recordings of a police investigation that have been secret for over a decade. On those tapes is a story that’s never been fully heard before: the story of what happened after a transit cop shot her son on a Bay Area Rapid Transit platform on New Year’s Day 2009.
One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw BART police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant’s back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. The event would later be depicted in the movie “Fruitvale Station,” in which Michael B. Jordan plays Grant on what would be the last day of his life.
But until now, no one outside the agency has actually heard what happened after the cell phone video ended. A lawsuit filed by KQED earlier this year forced BART to comply with California’s “The Right to Know Act,” a 2019 police transparency law, and release the never-before-heard tapes. The subject of a new podcast by NPR and KQED, On Our Watch, the tapes allow listeners inside that investigation for the first time, and may provide lessons for larger failings about the system that promises to hold police accountable.
It has long been clear that BART made significant missteps in the investigation of Grant’s shooting, and in the aftermath of the incident the Police Chief and two commanders retired. Mehserle would be convicted of involuntary manslaughter and serve 11 months in jail. But the long-secret files focus new attention on former BART police Officer Anthony “Tony” Pirone, who was fired for his actions on the platform but never criminally charged.
Pirone was the first officer to respond to a call about a fight on the train crowded with people celebrating New Year’s. When Pirone stopped a group of young men on the platform, Grant and his friend Michael Greer jumped back on the train. Pirone removed Greer from the train and threw him on the ground. After Grant tried to stand up to intervene, Pirone repeatedly hit Grant. The crowd began yelling at Pirone and his partner, objecting to their handling of the situation.
Five more BART officers, including Johannes Mehserle, responded to calls for backup. Mehserle attempted to handcuff Grant as Pirone held Grant down with his knee. When he could not get Grant’s hands, Mehserle pulled out his gun.
Within seven minutes of Pirone arriving on the platform, Oscar Grant was fatally shot.
“Nothing happened to him and that’s what’s so disheartening and so upsetting to me. This man (started) an event that spiraled out of control, (and) caused my son to lose his life,” Johnson says, as she listens to the tapes.
Neither Mehserle nor Pirone agreed to comment for this story.
‘Close Personal Relationship’
The internal documents and tapes show that BART’s criminal investigators and leaders repeatedly missed opportunities to question officers, limiting the scope and potentially the outcome of both the criminal and administrative investigations.
Just after the shot was fired, BART police officers put out a call for medical assistance and backup over the radio. What they didn’t broadcast was that an officer was the shooter.
“I had to basically put two and two together and figure out it was an officer-involved shooting on my own,” one Oakland police officer would later tell investigators.
The BART detective who responded to the initial call, Joel Enriquez, also had to wait for another officer to clarify that the incident was a police shooting. Enriquez can be heard in recordings from that night telling another officer that he wished he could review the policy manual so he could be better prepared to investigate the incident.
Enriquez was also close to two of the primary officers involved in the incident, Johannes Mehserle and Tony Pirone.
“I would like to put it on record that I have a close, personal and working relationship with you, Tony,” Enriquez, addressing Pirone, said on the Jan. 1, 2009, tape, recorded less than an hour after Grant died in an Oakland hospital. “And I want to make sure that you’re okay with me interviewing you.”
“Yeah, I’m fine with that,” Pirone replied.
In the initial interview with Pirone, Enriquez fails to ask key questions about the officer’s repeated use of force, and does not challenge or ask Pirone to explain his assertion that he was himself on the verge of using deadly force and in fear for his life.
Enriquez did not respond to requests for comment.
Pirone’s partner, Officer Marysol Domenici, told investigators that she felt the crowd on the platform was so threatening after Mehserle shot Grant that she was ready to open fire herself.
“That’s when I knew, you know, it’s us or them — the crowd,” she said during a Jan. 7, 2009, interview. Because she only had two taser cartridges, she said, she thought she’d have to “start shooting people… I started thinking, Jesus, I’m going to have to do this.”
The outside law firm BART hired to take over the internal affairs inquiry later concluded that both officers exaggerated or lied about their level of fear during the incident in an attempt to justify their actions. Both were fired, though Domenici won her job back after an appeal.
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Just a week into the shooting inquiry, BART investigators did start to raise questions about Pirone’s violent behavior, police reports show.
In one report, BART Police Commander Maria White noted that eight days after the killing, one of the department’s internal affairs investigators, Sgt. David Chlebowski, alerted her to a witness video on a local TV website.
Sgt. Chlebowski and several unnamed BART detectives, “voiced concern” over Pirone’s actions depicted in the tape, White wrote.
But she “told the detective unit members that their primary focus was the homicide investigation,” delaying a probe into Pirone’s actions, police records show.
She waited a month — until several days after BART obtained a copy of the video from the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office — before ordering BART Det. Alan Fueng to open a criminal investigation into Pirone’s use of force.
In subsequent police reports, Fueng described interviewing Pirone and his partner, Domenici, the night of the shooting.
The result of his inquiry was a “brief summary report.” On March 20, 2009, the report was submitted, “without recommendation,” to the D.A.’s Office “for their review and disposition.” Pirone was never charged.
Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley said in an interview with KQED and NPR that not charging Pirone was a strategic decision. Her office wanted to build the strongest possible case against Mehserhle, which meant using Pirone as a witness, she explained.
“He was a key witness in this because he started the whole thing,” she said.
In February 2009, under intense public pressure, BART hired an outside law firm called Meyers Nave to do an internal affairs investigation of the incident.
BART’s board decided to hire Meyers Nave “because it felt it was critical that the public would have confidence in an independent investigation conducted by a well-respected, experienced law firm,” according to a statement from a spokeswoman.
The Meyers Nave report, which was unsealed by “The Right to Know” Act or Senate Bill 1421 in 2019, found that Pirone’s aggressive behavior on the platform broke policy and escalated the situation, rather than taking control of the situation in a way that ensured public safety.
The tapes show that Meyers Nave investigators asked Pirone to explain why he used racial epithets in an exchange with Grant.
“I specifically remember him telling me about his 4-year-old daughter and how he respects the police. I said, ‘Then why are you giving us a bad time?'” Pirone said to Meyers Nave investigators. “That’s when he says, well, ‘You’re a bitch ass n*****.’ And I said, ‘You’re calling me a bitch ass n*****, you know, that type of thing. And he said, ‘yeah.’ And then I said, ‘Bitch ass, n***** huh?’ I think that’s when Mehserle comes over and pushes him down.”
“Pirone was, in large part, responsible for setting the events in motion that created a chaotic and tense situation on the platform, setting the stage, even if inadvertent, for the shooting of Oscar Grant,” the report found.
Meyers Nave also found that Pirone’s statements about his grounds for detaining Grant, his own actions and uses of force shifted across multiple interviews and were contradicted by witness and video evidence.
Based on this report, Pirone was fired.
Pirone is currently serving the California Army National Guard. He’s a Special Forces Communications Sergeant.
“Pirone is a highly decorated soldier with many awards and has been in the military since 1997,” a spokesman for the National Guard wrote in an email. He declined to answer further questions.
‘I Thought He Had a Gun’
The recordings also refocus attention on Mehserle’s controversial explanation for the shooting and his ultimate defense at trial — that he meant to draw a taser, not his semiautomatic pistol, and that the shooting was unintentional. (Both Pirone and Carlos Reyes, one of the men detained on the platform, later said they heard Mehserle announce he was going to tase Grant.)
At Mehserle’s criminal trial, the jury believed his explanation and convicted him of involuntary manslaughter.
But the Meyers Nave report, released in 2019 after the passage of Senate Bill 1421, came to a different conclusion.
“He can be seen trying to draw (his gun) at least two times and on the final occasion can be seen looking back at his hand on the gun/holster to watch the gun come out,” it reads. When Mehserle fired, the report found, Oscar Grant had his hands behind his back.
Mehserle’s lawyer Michael Rains disputed this finding in an interview with NPR and KQED, calling the Meyers Nave analysis “flawed” and based on a single frame of video.
“That’s probably one one thousandth of a second,” Rains said. “He doesn’t process, ‘I’m looking at my gun.’ That’s ridiculous.”
But the newly-released records also include statements of BART officers whom Mehserle confided in after the shooting. They tell investigators Mehserle said he believed Grant was going for a gun and never mentioned his taser.
Terry Foreman, a senior BART police officer who served as emotional support for Mehserle in the hours after the shooting, told investigators that he spoke to Mehserle every day in the week after he shot Grant. “Every so often he’ll just say, ‘I thought he had a gun, you know, I thought he had a gun,'” Foreman said during a Jan. 9, 2009, interview. He added that Mehserle frequently broke down weeping during these conversations.
“I don’t have an answer for that,” Rains said when asked why Mehserle didn’t tell Foreman that he’d meant to use his taser. Rains said his client was in “horrible shape emotionally.”
“It was both an embarrassing failure and a shameful failure on his part,” Rains said. “And that’s the way he felt for days, for weeks.”
Foreman and three other officers testified at trial that in the days after the shooting Mehserle did not mention anything about the taser or that it was a mistake.
‘I’d Be in Jail Right Now’
One of the reasons that Mehserle’s defense remains in question could come down to decisions made by BART Command staff in those early hours after the shooting.
Mehserle’s Legal Defense Fund lawyer David Mastagni asked to review the bystander video of the shooting before his client provided a statement to investigators on the morning of New Year’s Day, unsealed police records show.
Commander White conferred with investigators from the D.A.’s Office and they made the decision to let Mehserle and his attorney see the video, according to a report written by White.
After watching the video and learning that Oscar Grant had died at the hospital, Mehserle invoked his Fifth Amendment rights and refused to give a statement.
White did discuss ordering Mehserle — an employee — to give a statement, according to her report. A compelled statement would not be usable in a criminal investigation, but it could be used administratively to determine why Mehserle shot Grant.
But BART Command staff did not compel Mehserle to give an interview that morning. Mehserle said he was too tired to talk, according to White’s report. They allowed him to go home, and he agreed he would make a statement the next day. He did not.
Six days later, Mehserle resigned from the police force rather than give that statement.
BART Command staff also did not require the other officers who were on the platform at the time of the shooting, Emery Knudtson, Jonathan Guerra, Noel Flores and Jon Woffinden, to give interviews. They were instead asked to type up a statement in Microsoft Word. (BART’s regular case management system was visible to other departments.)
The officers were not questioned about the actions of Mehserle or Pirone. They were also not questioned about their own actions: Knudtson tackled Fernando Anicete, a friend of Oscar Grant’s, who allegedly threw a phone toward Domenici. Flores pulled both his taser and baton. Woffinden was Mehserle’s partner that night and also drew his baton.
The officers were eventually questioned more thoroughly by BART detectives and later by Meyers Nave investigators.
The group of Oscar Grant’s friends who were with him on the platform, Fernando Anicete, Michael Greer, Jack Bryson, Nigel Bryson and Carlos Reyes were all taken to the BART police station that morning. Each was handcuffed and questioned by police.
They were read their Miranda Rights, according to the police records, but told they weren’t under arrest.
“If I was to shoot somebody on BART in their chest while they’re already down I’d be in jail right now,” Jack Bryson can be heard telling investigators. “The cops just did the same thing. So why is it different? Because he’s a cop?”
On the tape detectives tell Bryson that there is “no cover up” and that there is “no favoritism” in how police investigate police shootings.
In October 2009, BART detective Enriquez recommended that all the detainees be charged with resisting arrest, police records show. The other lead investigator, Fueng, agreed. But the records show they were overruled by command staff who did not want the recommendation forwarded to the D.A.’s Office.
The five detainees went on to sue BART. The agency eventually settled with them for $175,000.
‘A Force With Bad Apples’
When another video of a police killing went viral last summer and protests against police violence once again gripped the country, Wanda Johnson felt the echoes of what had happened with her son. George Floyd was not shot, but the way he was pinned made her think of the way Pirone had held down Oscar Grant. Witnesses to Grant’s shooting said he told officers, “I can’t breathe.”
In October of 2020, Johnson and her family held a press conference to ask that Grant’s case be reopened and that the District Attorney reconsider charges against Tony Pirone. Johnson said they felt the new information released with Senate Bill 1421, combined with the groundswell of protests, made it the right moment to take another look.
D.A. Nancy O’Malley agreed.
Then, in January 2021 she announced that while Pirone’s conduct was “aggressive, utterly unprofessional and disgraceful” her office could not charge him with anything.
“We looked at videos, we read every report,” she said. “We did everything to see if there was any legal theory that could hold Pirone accountable other than a 149.”
Penal Code 149 — assault under color of authority — is a misdemeanor. The statute of limitations on that charge ran out long ago. KQED’s review of hundreds of internal police records unsealed by the “Right to Know Act” reveal that officers are rarely criminally charged for potentially criminal misbehavior from perjury to sexual misconduct to improper use of force.
“Oscar Grant lost his life and we’re sorry for that,” said the current BART Police Chief Ed Alvarez.
Alvarez said that the agency learned a lot of hard lessons from the killing of Oscar Grant, and that it has improved significantly in the decade since the Grant shooting by implementing reforms including body cameras, better taser training and a civilian auditor.
Alvarez condemned Pirone’s actions and said they remain against policy. But, he said he personally believes that Mehserle did confuse his gun and his taser. At the same time, Alvarez credits the Meyers Nave report for many of the reforms the department has adopted.
“People who came in after the fact had time to, I think, process a lot more information and they look at things through different lenses,” Alvarez said of the outside investigation.
One thing has not changed: investigations into shootings or officer misconduct remain in-house.
Alvarez said he doesn’t see any issue with this common practice.
“Friendships are going to always be there,” Alvarez said. “So you just have to deal with it on the professional level and understand that that is your job.”
Grant’s uncle Cephus Johnson, who fought for the passage of “The Right to Know Act,” said it is painful to hear the missteps made by investigators in the early hours and days after his nephew’s shooting.
“You know, everything that we knew is actually coming to light today through just listening to these conversations,” Johnson said.
To him, it is proof that police cannot police themselves.
“We’ve always said accountability and transparency we gotta have, and this is the reason why,” he added. “It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.”
Beyond this case, the files that have been released under the transparency law show that there is little standardization and less oversight of these internal investigations. Deadly force is overwhelmingly found to be justified and in compliance with policies, even in cases where investigators raised questions about the need for officers to shoot and kill. Investigations into sexual assault by officers do not address systemic issues that allowed those officers to abuse their power. And officers with a history of dishonesty have continued to testify in criminal cases.
“Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last,” said his mother Wanda Johnson.
“If you want to change the force, you would take action on those who commit the offenses. But because you don’t take action on those who commit those offenses, you have exactly what you want — a force with bad apples on it.”
NPR’s Austin Fast contributed to this story.
Follow On Our Watch on Spotify, Apple, NPR One or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the California Reporting Project, a coalition of news organizations in California.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.
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He also taught journalism classes at Fremont High School in East Oakland.\r\n\r\nEmail: mgreen@kqed.org; Twitter: @MGreenKQED","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"MGreenKQED","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"lowdown","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"education","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"elections","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Matthew Green | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3bf498d1267ca02c8494f33d8cfc575e?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/matthewgreen"},"mlagos":{"type":"authors","id":"3239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3239","found":true},"name":"Marisa Lagos","firstName":"Marisa","lastName":"Lagos","slug":"mlagos","email":"mlagos@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marisa Lagos is a correspondent for KQED’s California Politics and Government Desk and co-hosts a weekly show and podcast, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Breakdown.\u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At KQED, Lagos conducts reporting, analysis and investigations into state, local and national politics for radio, TV and online. Every week, she and cohost Scott Shafer sit down with political insiders on \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Breakdown\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where they offer a peek into lives and personalities of those driving politics in California and beyond. \u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previously, she worked for nine years at the San Francisco Chronicle covering San Francisco City Hall and state politics; and at the San Francisco Examiner and Los Angeles Time,. She has won awards for her work investigating the 2017 wildfires and her ongoing coverage of criminal justice issues in California. She lives in San Francisco with her two sons and husband.\u003c/span>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a261a0d3696fc066871ef96b85b5e7d2?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"@mlagos","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Marisa Lagos | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a261a0d3696fc066871ef96b85b5e7d2?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a261a0d3696fc066871ef96b85b5e7d2?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mlagos"},"cmorizono":{"type":"authors","id":"11503","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11503","found":true},"name":"Chloe Morizono","firstName":"Chloe","lastName":"Morizono","slug":"cmorizono","email":"cmorizono@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/589de970d4696c868de7f4dc180e0289?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"radio","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Chloe Morizono | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/589de970d4696c868de7f4dc180e0289?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/589de970d4696c868de7f4dc180e0289?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/cmorizono"},"amadrigal":{"type":"authors","id":"11757","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11757","found":true},"name":"Alexis Madrigal","firstName":"Alexis","lastName":"Madrigal","slug":"amadrigal","email":"amadrigal@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"Co-Host Forum","bio":"Alexis Madrigal is the co-host of Forum. 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He's the creator of the podcast, \u003cem>Containers\u003c/em>, and has been a staff writer at \u003cem>Wired. \u003c/em>He was a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley's Information School, and is working on a book about Oakland and the Bay Area's revolutionary ideas.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/200d13dd6cebef55bf04327dec901b3d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"alexismadrigal","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alexis Madrigal | KQED","description":"Co-Host Forum","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/200d13dd6cebef55bf04327dec901b3d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/200d13dd6cebef55bf04327dec901b3d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/amadrigal"},"afinney":{"type":"authors","id":"11772","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11772","found":true},"name":"Annelise Finney","firstName":"Annelise","lastName":"Finney","slug":"afinney","email":"afinney@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Weekend Reporter","bio":"Annelise reports on reparations and daily news for the weekend desk. 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She was born and raised in the East Bay and holds a B.A. in Urban Studies from Barnard College.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fded66cae47704cdfc5021cde0f3aa4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sharkfinney","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Annelise Finney | KQED","description":"Weekend Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fded66cae47704cdfc5021cde0f3aa4?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5fded66cae47704cdfc5021cde0f3aa4?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/afinney"},"swhitney":{"type":"authors","id":"11784","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11784","found":true},"name":"Spencer Whitney","firstName":"Spencer","lastName":"Whitney","slug":"swhitney","email":"swhitney@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Digital Editor","bio":"Spencer Whitney is currently a Digital Editor for KQED News. Prior to joining KQED News, Spencer worked as the Multimedia Editor at the Oakland Post and an Assistant Editor in the Editorial department at the San Francisco Chronicle. He attended Howard University as an undergraduate and interned with SiriusXM. He also attended UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism and had the opportunity to write for the hyperlocal news sites Richmond Confidential and Oakland North.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aedfae46322917626352337ecd4f0981?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"perspectives","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Spencer Whitney | KQED","description":"KQED Digital Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aedfae46322917626352337ecd4f0981?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aedfae46322917626352337ecd4f0981?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/swhitney"},"danbrekke":{"type":"authors","id":"222","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"222","found":true},"name":"Dan Brekke","firstName":"Dan","lastName":"Brekke","slug":"danbrekke","email":"dbrekke@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Editor and Reporter","bio":"Dan Brekke is a reporter and editor for KQED News, responsible for coverage of topics ranging from California water issues to the Bay Area's transportation challenges. In a newsroom career that began in Chicago in 1972, Dan has worked for \u003cem>The San Francisco Examiner,\u003c/em> Wired and TechTV and has been published in The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, Business 2.0, Salon and elsewhere.\r\n\r\nSince joining KQED in 2007, Dan has reported, edited and produced both radio and online features and breaking news pieces. He has shared as both editor and reporter in four Society of Professional Journalists Norcal Excellence in Journalism awards and one Edward R. Murrow regional award. He was chosen for a spring 2017 residency at the Mesa Refuge to advance his research on California salmon.\r\n\r\nEmail Dan at: \u003ca href=\"mailto:dbrekke@kqed.org\">dbrekke@kqed.org\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Twitter:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twitter.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>Facebook:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.facebook.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>LinkedIn:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\u003c/a>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"danbrekke","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/dan.brekke/","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke/","sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator","create_posts"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dan Brekke | KQED","description":"KQED Editor and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/danbrekke"},"aemslie":{"type":"authors","id":"3206","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3206","found":true},"name":"Alex Emslie","firstName":"Alex","lastName":"Emslie","slug":"aemslie","email":"aemslie@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Senior Editor","bio":"Alex Emslie is senior editor of talent and development at KQED, where he manages dozens of early career journalists and oversees news department internships.\r\n\r\nHe is a former carpenter and proud graduate of City College of San Francisco and San Francisco State University, where he studied journalism and criminal justice before joining KQED in 2013.\r\n\r\nAlex produced investigative journalism focused on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667594/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch-video\">criminal justice\u003c/a> and policing for most of a decade. He has broken major stories about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/135682/amid-a-series-of-vallejo-police-shootings-one-officers-name-stands-out\">police use of deadly force\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10454955/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\">officer misconduct\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712239/terrorist-or-troll-judge-to-weigh-whether-oakland-man-really-intended-to-attack-bay-area\">other\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11221414/hayward-paid-159000-to-husband-of-retired-police-chief-documents-show\">high\u003c/a>-\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10622762/the-forgotten-tracking-two-homicides-in-san-francisco-public-housing\">profile\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624516/federal-agency-promoted-ranger-just-months-after-his-gun-was-stolen-and-used-in-steinle-killing\">cases\u003c/a>. He co-founded the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a> in 2019 to obtain and report on previously confidential police internal investigations. The effort produced well over 100 original stories and changed the course of multiple criminal cases.\r\n\r\nHis work has been recognized with numerous journalism awards, including a national Edward R. Murrow award for several years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688481/sfpd-officers-in-mario-woods-case-recount-shooting-in-newly-filed-depositions\">reporting\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Police shooting of Mario Woods. His \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/147854/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill\">reporting\u003c/a> on police killings of people in psychiatric crisis was cited in amicus briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court.\r\n\r\nAlex now enjoys mentoring the next generation of journalists at KQED.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"SFNewsReporter","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alex Emslie | KQED","description":"KQED Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aemslie"},"sdirks":{"type":"authors","id":"7239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"7239","found":true},"name":"Sandhya Dirks","firstName":"Sandhya","lastName":"Dirks","slug":"sdirks","email":"sdirks@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sandhya Dirks was the race and equity reporter at KQED. She approaches race and equity not as a beat, but as a fundamental lens for all investigative and explanatory reporting.\r\n\r\nSandhya covered policing, housing, social justice movements, and the shifting demographics of cities and suburbs.\r\n\r\nShe was the creator and co-host of the podcast American Suburb, about the transformation of suburbia into the most diverse space in American life. She was the editor for Truth Be Told, an advice show for and by people of color. \r\n\r\nHer stories about race, space, and belonging were part of KQED's So Well Spoken project, which won RNDTA's Kaleidoscope award, honoring outstanding achievements in the coverage of diversity.\r\n\r\nPrior to joining KQED in 2015, Sandhya covered the 2012 presidential election from the swing state of Iowa for Iowa Public Radio. At KPBS in San Diego, she broke the story of a sexual harassment scandal that led to the mayor's resignation.\r\n\r\nShe got her start in radio working on documentaries about Oakland that investigated the high drop-out rate in public schools and mistrust between the police and the community.\r\n\r\nSandhya lives in Oakland and believes all stories are stories about power.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0247cb15929cd4c197672fd73d45300?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"audiosand","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sandhya Dirks | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0247cb15929cd4c197672fd73d45300?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0247cb15929cd4c197672fd73d45300?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sdirks"},"slewis":{"type":"authors","id":"8676","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8676","found":true},"name":"Sukey Lewis","firstName":"Sukey","lastName":"Lewis","slug":"slewis","email":"slewis@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Sukey Lewis is a criminal justice reporter and host of \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, a new podcast from NPR and KQED about the shadow world of police discipline. In 2018, she co-founded the California Reporting Project, a coalition of newsrooms across the state focused on obtaining previously sealed internal affairs records from law enforcement. In addition to her reporting on police accountability, Sukey has investigated the bail bonds industry, California's wildfires and the high cost of prison phone calls. Sukey earned a master's degree in journalism from the University of California at Berkeley. Send news tips to slewis@kqed.org.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"SukeyLewis","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sukey Lewis | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/slewis"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11984302":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984302","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984302","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"9-california-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers-says-report","title":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report","publishDate":1714323602,"format":"standard","headTitle":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Nine rural California counties, most struggling with student achievement and teacher recruitment, are in teacher education deserts, according to a report released Tuesday from the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alpine, Del Norte, Imperial, Inyo, Lassen, Modoc, Mono, Sierra and Siskiyou counties do not have teacher preparation programs within 60 miles of their county offices of education, according to the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://transformschools.ucla.edu/research/californias-teacher-education-deserts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Teacher Education Deserts: An Overlooked and Growing Equity Challenge.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that research suggests that teachers are more likely to complete their student teaching and also secure employment close to where they receive their teacher training,” said Kai Mathews, project director for the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, six of the nine counties have a higher percentage of underprepared teachers than the state average of 4% to 5%, according to the study. Of the nine counties, Modoc and Lassen have the highest percentage of underprepared teachers at 14% and 17% respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underprepared teachers work on intern credentials or emergency-style permits that don’t require them to complete teacher training, or on waivers that allow them to teach a subject outside their credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the state requires that districts only hire underprepared teachers if fully qualified teachers are not available, high rates of underprepared teachers are an indicator that districts in that county are struggling to recruit and hire qualified teachers, said UCLA researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rural teachers scarce\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There could be many reasons teachers are hard to find in rural areas, including fewer nearby institutions of higher education, which leads to a lower than average percentage of residents with bachelor’s degrees and therefore a smaller pool of potential teacher candidates, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties that border other states and countries also have significantly higher teacher vacancy rates compared with nonborder districts, said Hui Huang, a researcher on the project. All nine of the California counties classified as teacher education deserts are bordered by either Oregon, Nevada, Arizona or Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural school districts face significant challenges in recruiting and retaining teachers,” said Yuri Calderon, executive director of the Small School Districts’ Association. “In addition to the proximity to teacher educational programs, rural communities face challenges related to competition from higher urban compensation schedules, housing shortages and a lack of support resources commonly found in urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural counties also lose talented young residents who go to urban and suburban areas for more opportunity, Huang said. In small districts, the loss of even one teacher can impact course availability for students, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/teacher-shortages-take-center-stage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learning Policy Institute\u003c/a> research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teacher shortage affects students\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The geographic location of a school district plays a significant role in teacher recruitment and retention, and ultimately in the educational outcomes of the district’s students, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in each of these counties, except Mono, fell below the state average on the English language arts portion of the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, also known as CAASPP, in the 2022–23 school year. All nine counties fell below the state average of students who meet standards on the math portion of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-performing schools may struggle to attract teachers due to negative public perceptions, Huang said. Research also indicates that highly qualified educators are substantially more likely to leave low-performing schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Time for creative solutions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>School districts in Mono County have had to get creative to fill teacher positions, despite their prime location near Yosemite National Park and Mammoth Lakes, said Stacey Adler, Mono County superintendent of schools. One district with a dual-immersion program hired teachers from South America to fill open teaching positions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of housing and a growing disinterest in the profession among young people are the biggest hurdles to hiring new teachers in Mono County, Adler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have got to start them early because, quite frankly, there aren’t a lot of kids that say they want to be teachers these days,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adler taught child development at Mammoth High School for two years in an attempt to get students interested in teaching, she said. Now the school plans to use a portion of a recent grant to develop a K–12 education pathway at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rural students and our rural teacher workforce, as small as it is, is suffering,” said Annamarie Francois, associate dean of public engagement at UCLA and a member of the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. “We have a responsibility and an obligation to our community to bring our creative solutions and innovations to bear on those parts of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer may be creating teacher credentialing programs at community colleges in these counties, according to the study. Although all nine teaching education deserts are not located near a university teacher preparation program, five are within 60 miles of a community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early childhood education programs already in place at community colleges could be expanded to K–12 licensing programs, according to the report. The state could also work with county offices of education to develop residency programs so that teacher candidates could earn a credential without leaving the area to take classes or to student teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple states, like Florida, Texas and Washington, already offer similar credentialing pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Expanding local college programs to include K–12 certification, particularly at community colleges, can be a positive solution to address the challenges faced by rural school districts,” Small School Districts’ Association Director Calderon said. “By growing teachers from within these communities, rural districts can improve recruitment and retention efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11928042,news_11923873,news_11918450\"]Although the study recommended that community college credentialing programs focus on residents who already hold bachelor’s degrees, Steve Bautista of the Center for Teacher Education at Santa Ana College suggested that the 39 bachelor’s degrees already being offered in community colleges be expanded to include degrees that could lead to teacher preparation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five of the nine TEP deserts will fall away if we were able to utilize, in some capacity, community colleges to license teachers,” UCLA’s Mathews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA researchers also recommend that the state take a comprehensive approach to recruiting and retaining teachers in these counties, including financial support, mentorship programs and professional development targeted to rural teachers. County offices of education should also collaborate to develop a regional marketing campaign to recruit teachers, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State policy would have to change to put many of these programs in place, Francois said. Leaders from the state’s community colleges, universities and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing could work together to produce a feasibility study on how to create a seamless bachelor’s degree and credential program at rural community colleges, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take collaboration among folks that maybe haven’t collaborated together in bold thinking, and some courage to think about how we might do this differently in unique spaces,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/rural-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers/710566\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The UCLA report defines 9 rural counties as 'teacher education deserts' and says allowing community colleges to offer K–12 credentials could be a solution.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714250181,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1214},"headData":{"title":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report | KQED","description":"The UCLA report defines 9 rural counties as 'teacher education deserts' and says allowing community colleges to offer K–12 credentials could be a solution.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"9 California Counties Far From Universities Struggle to Recruit Teachers, Says Report","datePublished":"2024-04-28T17:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T20:36:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"EdSource","sourceUrl":"https://edsource.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/dlambert\">Diana Lambert\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984302/9-california-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers-says-report","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nine rural California counties, most struggling with student achievement and teacher recruitment, are in teacher education deserts, according to a report released Tuesday from the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alpine, Del Norte, Imperial, Inyo, Lassen, Modoc, Mono, Sierra and Siskiyou counties do not have teacher preparation programs within 60 miles of their county offices of education, according to the report, “\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://transformschools.ucla.edu/research/californias-teacher-education-deserts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Teacher Education Deserts: An Overlooked and Growing Equity Challenge.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that research suggests that teachers are more likely to complete their student teaching and also secure employment close to where they receive their teacher training,” said Kai Mathews, project director for the UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, six of the nine counties have a higher percentage of underprepared teachers than the state average of 4% to 5%, according to the study. Of the nine counties, Modoc and Lassen have the highest percentage of underprepared teachers at 14% and 17% respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underprepared teachers work on intern credentials or emergency-style permits that don’t require them to complete teacher training, or on waivers that allow them to teach a subject outside their credential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the state requires that districts only hire underprepared teachers if fully qualified teachers are not available, high rates of underprepared teachers are an indicator that districts in that county are struggling to recruit and hire qualified teachers, said UCLA researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rural teachers scarce\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There could be many reasons teachers are hard to find in rural areas, including fewer nearby institutions of higher education, which leads to a lower than average percentage of residents with bachelor’s degrees and therefore a smaller pool of potential teacher candidates, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties that border other states and countries also have significantly higher teacher vacancy rates compared with nonborder districts, said Hui Huang, a researcher on the project. All nine of the California counties classified as teacher education deserts are bordered by either Oregon, Nevada, Arizona or Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural school districts face significant challenges in recruiting and retaining teachers,” said Yuri Calderon, executive director of the Small School Districts’ Association. “In addition to the proximity to teacher educational programs, rural communities face challenges related to competition from higher urban compensation schedules, housing shortages and a lack of support resources commonly found in urban areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural counties also lose talented young residents who go to urban and suburban areas for more opportunity, Huang said. In small districts, the loss of even one teacher can impact course availability for students, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/teacher-shortages-take-center-stage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learning Policy Institute\u003c/a> research.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teacher shortage affects students\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The geographic location of a school district plays a significant role in teacher recruitment and retention, and ultimately in the educational outcomes of the district’s students, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in each of these counties, except Mono, fell below the state average on the English language arts portion of the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, also known as CAASPP, in the 2022–23 school year. All nine counties fell below the state average of students who meet standards on the math portion of the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-performing schools may struggle to attract teachers due to negative public perceptions, Huang said. Research also indicates that highly qualified educators are substantially more likely to leave low-performing schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Time for creative solutions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>School districts in Mono County have had to get creative to fill teacher positions, despite their prime location near Yosemite National Park and Mammoth Lakes, said Stacey Adler, Mono County superintendent of schools. One district with a dual-immersion program hired teachers from South America to fill open teaching positions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of housing and a growing disinterest in the profession among young people are the biggest hurdles to hiring new teachers in Mono County, Adler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have got to start them early because, quite frankly, there aren’t a lot of kids that say they want to be teachers these days,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adler taught child development at Mammoth High School for two years in an attempt to get students interested in teaching, she said. Now the school plans to use a portion of a recent grant to develop a K–12 education pathway at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rural students and our rural teacher workforce, as small as it is, is suffering,” said Annamarie Francois, associate dean of public engagement at UCLA and a member of the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. “We have a responsibility and an obligation to our community to bring our creative solutions and innovations to bear on those parts of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One answer may be creating teacher credentialing programs at community colleges in these counties, according to the study. Although all nine teaching education deserts are not located near a university teacher preparation program, five are within 60 miles of a community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early childhood education programs already in place at community colleges could be expanded to K–12 licensing programs, according to the report. The state could also work with county offices of education to develop residency programs so that teacher candidates could earn a credential without leaving the area to take classes or to student teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple states, like Florida, Texas and Washington, already offer similar credentialing pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Expanding local college programs to include K–12 certification, particularly at community colleges, can be a positive solution to address the challenges faced by rural school districts,” Small School Districts’ Association Director Calderon said. “By growing teachers from within these communities, rural districts can improve recruitment and retention efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11928042,news_11923873,news_11918450"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Although the study recommended that community college credentialing programs focus on residents who already hold bachelor’s degrees, Steve Bautista of the Center for Teacher Education at Santa Ana College suggested that the 39 bachelor’s degrees already being offered in community colleges be expanded to include degrees that could lead to teacher preparation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five of the nine TEP deserts will fall away if we were able to utilize, in some capacity, community colleges to license teachers,” UCLA’s Mathews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA researchers also recommend that the state take a comprehensive approach to recruiting and retaining teachers in these counties, including financial support, mentorship programs and professional development targeted to rural teachers. County offices of education should also collaborate to develop a regional marketing campaign to recruit teachers, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State policy would have to change to put many of these programs in place, Francois said. Leaders from the state’s community colleges, universities and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing could work together to produce a feasibility study on how to create a seamless bachelor’s degree and credential program at rural community colleges, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take collaboration among folks that maybe haven’t collaborated together in bold thinking, and some courage to think about how we might do this differently in unique spaces,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/rural-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers/710566\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984302/9-california-counties-far-from-universities-struggle-to-recruit-teachers-says-report","authors":["byline_news_11984302"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_32580","news_20013","news_27626","news_21463","news_21603"],"featImg":"news_11984304","label":"source_news_11984302"},"news_11984353":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984353","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984353","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"alameda-county-district-attorney-challenges-recall-signature-count","title":"Alameda County District Attorney Challenges Recall Signature Count","publishDate":1714417205,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Alameda County District Attorney Challenges Recall Signature Count | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price told KQED she plans to ask the Board of Supervisors to declare the recall signature count illegal at its meeting on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Save Alameda For Everyone, or SAFE, launched an effort to recall Price less than a year into her term. The group is critical of her progressive policies. On April 15, the Alameda County Registrar of Voters announced the campaign had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983091/recall-of-alameda-county-district-attorney-pamela-price-qualifies-for-a-vote\">submitted enough valid signatures to trigger a recall election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11983091,news_11978242,news_11966518\" label=\"Related Stories\"]The supervisors are expected to officially receive the registrar’s final count at Tuesday’s meeting, initiating a \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/recalls/recall-procedures-guide.pdf\">state-mandated 14-day period\u003c/a> to set a date for the recall election. If the supervisors don’t set a date, the responsibility will fall to the registrar who would have five days to set a date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price’s request will add to an already confusing recall process that’s had both supporters and opponents accusing the registrar of foul play. The central debate is whether county or state recall rules should govern the recall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11978242/measure-b-to-change-alameda-county-recall-rules-leads-by-large-margin-in-early-returns\">voters approved Measure B\u003c/a>, erasing \u003ca href=\"https://www.acgov.org/hrs/documents/charterprintable.pdf\">the county’s recall rules\u003c/a> and replacing them with \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/recalls/recall-procedures-guide.pdf\">state rules\u003c/a>. The Secretary of State certified the results on April 12, and the Board of Supervisors adopted the new rules at its meeting four days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the new rules were adopted, the county used a hodgepodge of state and county rules to govern different aspects of the recall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the registrar used county rules to determine how many signatures SAFE needed to gather. After SAFE submitted signatures on March 4, the registrar failed to complete its count by the county charter-mandated deadline of 10 days. The registrar then applied state rules to set a new 30-day deadline for completing the count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tabulating the signatures between March 4 and April 15, Protect the Win, a committee formed to support Price, argues that the registrar appears to have ignored a portion of the county charter that required all signature gatherers to be registered voters in Alameda County. Price’s attorney said the recall count was illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to ask the board of supervisors to do the right thing,” said James Sutton, an attorney for Protect the Win. “Either don’t put it on the ballot because it’s illegal, or at the very least, have the county go to court to have a judge answer these questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton said he asked the registrar how many signatures were collected by people who were not registered as voters in Alameda County but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The registrar and the county counsel have not responded to KQED’s requests for comment. But in a letter to the board in November, Donna Ziegler, the county counsel, called the requirement that signature gatherers be registered county voters “unconstitutional,” citing U.S. Supreme Court decisions that found similar requirements for circulating initiative petitions invalid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton said the county doesn’t get to decide whether or not to follow a rule that’s still on the books — even if that rule might lose in a court battle. He said the county should have gone to a judge to get an opinion on whether it should enforce the rule. The legal determination, which resolves uncertainty for litigants, is known as declaratory relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Levine, a UC Law SF professor and civil procedure expert, told KQED that the registrar’s decision to follow its counsel’s opinion was not necessarily wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Counties make decisions all the time, saying, ‘Well, we think this is the right way to go.’ But, of course, somebody might disagree,” Levine said. “They might sue, and declaratory relief could have been an option at that point, but I don’t see it as being required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said the county was likely trying to maneuver out of a tough spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My guess? They’re trying to follow the stricter rule first,” he said. “And when they couldn’t comply with the stricter rule, they said, ‘Well, we at least have an argument for the looser state rule, so let’s go with the looser rule.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAFE has been inconsistent about which rules it thinks should apply to recall procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the Board of Supervisors on April 22, SAFE asked the supervisors to follow the county’s mandate that an election be scheduled between 35 and 40 days from receiving notice from the registrar that the signatures qualified for a recall election. In the same letter, SAFE requested Supervisor Nate Miley add an agenda item for Tuesday’s meeting instructing the board to set an election date using the state’s scheduling timeline of 88 and 125 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference on April 16, Carl Chan of SAFE alleged that the registrar’s rejection of 39% of the recall signatures was in part due to the registrar improperly imposing a county rule requiring signers to include their occupation with their signature. Chan said the county should have followed the state rules, which don’t require an occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAFE’s Brenda Grisham said an election should be scheduled without delay following the certification of recall signatures, citing the county charter. She said the county has never clearly laid out what recall rules it would follow and how the passage of Measure B might change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just wanted to toggle between the two,” she said. “And so we’re going to toggle with them, whichever one is best for us.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price plans to ask the Board of Supervisors to declare the recall signature count illegal at its meeting on Tuesday, adding to an already confusing recall process.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714419976,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":971},"headData":{"title":"Alameda County District Attorney Challenges Recall Signature Count | KQED","description":"Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price plans to ask the Board of Supervisors to declare the recall signature count illegal at its meeting on Tuesday, adding to an already confusing recall process.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Alameda County District Attorney Challenges Recall Signature Count","datePublished":"2024-04-29T19:00:05.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T19:46:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984353/alameda-county-district-attorney-challenges-recall-signature-count","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price told KQED she plans to ask the Board of Supervisors to declare the recall signature count illegal at its meeting on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Save Alameda For Everyone, or SAFE, launched an effort to recall Price less than a year into her term. The group is critical of her progressive policies. On April 15, the Alameda County Registrar of Voters announced the campaign had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983091/recall-of-alameda-county-district-attorney-pamela-price-qualifies-for-a-vote\">submitted enough valid signatures to trigger a recall election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11983091,news_11978242,news_11966518","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The supervisors are expected to officially receive the registrar’s final count at Tuesday’s meeting, initiating a \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/recalls/recall-procedures-guide.pdf\">state-mandated 14-day period\u003c/a> to set a date for the recall election. If the supervisors don’t set a date, the responsibility will fall to the registrar who would have five days to set a date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Price’s request will add to an already confusing recall process that’s had both supporters and opponents accusing the registrar of foul play. The central debate is whether county or state recall rules should govern the recall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11978242/measure-b-to-change-alameda-county-recall-rules-leads-by-large-margin-in-early-returns\">voters approved Measure B\u003c/a>, erasing \u003ca href=\"https://www.acgov.org/hrs/documents/charterprintable.pdf\">the county’s recall rules\u003c/a> and replacing them with \u003ca href=\"https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/recalls/recall-procedures-guide.pdf\">state rules\u003c/a>. The Secretary of State certified the results on April 12, and the Board of Supervisors adopted the new rules at its meeting four days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the new rules were adopted, the county used a hodgepodge of state and county rules to govern different aspects of the recall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the registrar used county rules to determine how many signatures SAFE needed to gather. After SAFE submitted signatures on March 4, the registrar failed to complete its count by the county charter-mandated deadline of 10 days. The registrar then applied state rules to set a new 30-day deadline for completing the count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tabulating the signatures between March 4 and April 15, Protect the Win, a committee formed to support Price, argues that the registrar appears to have ignored a portion of the county charter that required all signature gatherers to be registered voters in Alameda County. Price’s attorney said the recall count was illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to ask the board of supervisors to do the right thing,” said James Sutton, an attorney for Protect the Win. “Either don’t put it on the ballot because it’s illegal, or at the very least, have the county go to court to have a judge answer these questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton said he asked the registrar how many signatures were collected by people who were not registered as voters in Alameda County but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The registrar and the county counsel have not responded to KQED’s requests for comment. But in a letter to the board in November, Donna Ziegler, the county counsel, called the requirement that signature gatherers be registered county voters “unconstitutional,” citing U.S. Supreme Court decisions that found similar requirements for circulating initiative petitions invalid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton said the county doesn’t get to decide whether or not to follow a rule that’s still on the books — even if that rule might lose in a court battle. He said the county should have gone to a judge to get an opinion on whether it should enforce the rule. The legal determination, which resolves uncertainty for litigants, is known as declaratory relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Levine, a UC Law SF professor and civil procedure expert, told KQED that the registrar’s decision to follow its counsel’s opinion was not necessarily wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Counties make decisions all the time, saying, ‘Well, we think this is the right way to go.’ But, of course, somebody might disagree,” Levine said. “They might sue, and declaratory relief could have been an option at that point, but I don’t see it as being required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said the county was likely trying to maneuver out of a tough spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My guess? They’re trying to follow the stricter rule first,” he said. “And when they couldn’t comply with the stricter rule, they said, ‘Well, we at least have an argument for the looser state rule, so let’s go with the looser rule.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAFE has been inconsistent about which rules it thinks should apply to recall procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the Board of Supervisors on April 22, SAFE asked the supervisors to follow the county’s mandate that an election be scheduled between 35 and 40 days from receiving notice from the registrar that the signatures qualified for a recall election. In the same letter, SAFE requested Supervisor Nate Miley add an agenda item for Tuesday’s meeting instructing the board to set an election date using the state’s scheduling timeline of 88 and 125 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference on April 16, Carl Chan of SAFE alleged that the registrar’s rejection of 39% of the recall signatures was in part due to the registrar improperly imposing a county rule requiring signers to include their occupation with their signature. Chan said the county should have followed the state rules, which don’t require an occupation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAFE’s Brenda Grisham said an election should be scheduled without delay following the certification of recall signatures, citing the county charter. She said the county has never clearly laid out what recall rules it would follow and how the passage of Measure B might change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just wanted to toggle between the two,” she said. “And so we’re going to toggle with them, whichever one is best for us.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984353/alameda-county-district-attorney-challenges-recall-signature-count","authors":["11772"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_23318","news_30830","news_27626","news_24461"],"featImg":"news_11967804","label":"news"},"news_11984403":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984403","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984403","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment","title":"SFSU Pro-Palestinian Encampment Established as Students Rally for Divestment","publishDate":1714432411,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SFSU Pro-Palestinian Encampment Established as Students Rally for Divestment | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Several hundred San Francisco State University students and faculty rallied on Monday in a central campus plaza, a handful of them setting up tents on a nearby lawn, to demand the California State University system disclose its financial ties to Israel and divest from those holdings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m here today standing in solidarity with students all over the country who have bravely put their bodies and their careers and their lives on the line against this genocide in Palestine, in Gaza,” said Sabreen Imtair, an SFSU graduate student, noting that SF State has a long history of Palestinian-focused student organizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so it’s fitting that students here are now joining other campuses around the country that have “become a battlefield of ideas and divestment resolutions,” she said. “And it’s so obvious that young people are leading the way in shifting public sentiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action in Malcolm X Plaza, which drew minimal law enforcement presence, marks the latest in a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-campus-protests-966eb531279f8e4381883fc5d79d5466\">slew of fierce protests against Israel\u003c/a> — many involving tent encampments — that have swept campuses across the country over the last week, with the number of arrests nearing 1,000. Sparked by an ongoing student demonstration and clash with police at \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/29/1247761719/campus-protests-arrests-suspensions\">Columbia University in New York\u003c/a>, students at scores of colleges have joined the fray, calling for their schools to divest from companies that provide military support to Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war\">encampments popped up at a growing number of Bay Area universities\u003c/a>, including UC Berkeley, Stanford and — as of this weekend — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-state-students-protest-violence-in-gaza/\">Sonoma State\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11984203]Further north, at Cal Poly Humboldt in Arcata, pro-Palestinian demonstrators last week occupied an administrative building, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/cal-state-humboldt-gaza-protests-19425395.php\">prompting school officials on Friday to close the campus\u003c/a> for the remainder of the academic year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles, administrators last week \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestine-war-campus-protests-usc-cff0c1e59fc6164f615a2686d7f1b401\">called off the school’s main-stage graduation ceremony\u003c/a>, set for May 10 — after first canceling a commencement speech by its valedictorian who has publicly expressed support for Palestinians — amid ongoing student protests that have roiled its campus and led to some 100 arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the protests have been overtly anti-Zionist, with participants, many of whom are Jewish, calling for the liberation of Palestine and the dissolution of the modern state of Israel. That stance has prompted some critics to denounce the actions as antisemitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jewish activists like Alexei Folger, a 59-year-old member of the anti-Zionist group Jewish Voice for Peace, who attended Monday’s rally, argued that there’s nothing antisemitic about demanding the U.S. stop supporting Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t consider it part of our Jewish tradition to support genocide or apartheid. And as American Jews, we feel like we have to take a stand,” said Folger, an SF State alum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She accused the media of presenting the situation as a “false narrative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a political question and an ideological question. The people on this side are supporting Israel’s policies that the people on the other side are not,” Folger said. “And that’s when it comes down to. It’s not Jewish on one side and Palestinian students and supporters on the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984440\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984440 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian students and faculty at San Francisco State University rally and establish an encampment on campus Monday. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Student movements have always been a vital component of liberation struggles around the world, Omar Zahzah, an SF State professor of Arab, Muslim, Ethnicities and Diaspora Studies, told demonstrators on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And today, seeing all of you in all of your splendor and all of your numbers only confirms this fact,” he said. “We are here today to say no to genocide, but ultimately to call for the total liberation of Palestinian land and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to KQED, SFSU spokesperson Kent Bravo said the investment policy of the SF State Foundation “reflects its commitment to the values of the University, prioritizing social and racial justice, environmental sustainability and climate action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy, he said, “does not address single-issue approaches for geopolitical issues” but is instead “designed to be effective in ways which can make a positive impact globally while supporting the enhancement of our students’ education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s demonstration comes after nearly seven months of the Israel-Hamas war, a brutal conflict sparked by a Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7, in which militants killed some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took around 250 hostages, according to Israeli authorities. Israel’s retaliatory air, sea and ground offensive in Gaza has been relentless, reducing much of the enclave to rubble, killing at least 34,500 Palestinians, mostly women and children, and prompting a humanitarian disaster, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. Famine is imminent in Gaza, with 1.1 million people expected to face “catastrophic conditions” by the end of May, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/alerts-archive/issue-97/en/\">according to international food insecurity experts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984442\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984442 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian students at SFSU establish an encampment on campus Monday. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the newly formed SFSU chapter of the national Faculty for Justice in Palestine Network (FJP) urged administrators “to respect any and all collective displays of support for the Palestinian liberation struggle that our students undertake” and implored them to not “repeat the shameful, punitive and dangerous forms of repression imposed by universities across the country,” that have led to arrests, suspensions and evictions from campus housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group pointed to the university’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11830384/how-the-longest-student-strike-in-u-s-history-created-ethnic-studies\">long and now-celebrated history of student and faculty activism\u003c/a>, including a monthslong strike in the late 1960s that led to the creation of the nation’s first College of Ethnic Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11830384]“SFSU students are astute observers of history, engaged critical thinkers, and thoughtful political organizers,” the group said. “They know that change doesn’t happen without struggle, and they are taking action in solidarity with a worldwide movement in support of the liberation of the Palestinian people and divestment from entities that support and profit from colonialism, imperialism, ethnic cleansing and genocidal wars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Bravo said the school has long honored the right of community members to peacefully protest “while preserving a safe campus environment, and we expect that will continue today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahmoud Ereikat is a first-year civil engineering student at SF State who joined Monday’s rally. A Palestinian citizen who grew up in the West Bank, he said the situation on the ground in Gaza is even more dire than how the media portray it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to bring attention to this. Status quo isn’t something that should be upheld,” he said. “We will try to make our cause bigger and bigger and bigger until divestment and until liberation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sam Lim and Sara Hossaini contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Hundreds of San Francisco State University students and faculty set up tents during a rally on Monday. It's the latest Bay Area campus to join a growing national movement.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714443038,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1202},"headData":{"title":"SFSU Pro-Palestinian Encampment Established as Students Rally for Divestment | KQED","description":"Hundreds of San Francisco State University students and faculty set up tents during a rally on Monday. It's the latest Bay Area campus to join a growing national movement.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"SFSU Pro-Palestinian Encampment Established as Students Rally for Divestment","datePublished":"2024-04-29T23:13:31.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-30T02:10:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984403/sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several hundred San Francisco State University students and faculty rallied on Monday in a central campus plaza, a handful of them setting up tents on a nearby lawn, to demand the California State University system disclose its financial ties to Israel and divest from those holdings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m here today standing in solidarity with students all over the country who have bravely put their bodies and their careers and their lives on the line against this genocide in Palestine, in Gaza,” said Sabreen Imtair, an SFSU graduate student, noting that SF State has a long history of Palestinian-focused student organizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so it’s fitting that students here are now joining other campuses around the country that have “become a battlefield of ideas and divestment resolutions,” she said. “And it’s so obvious that young people are leading the way in shifting public sentiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action in Malcolm X Plaza, which drew minimal law enforcement presence, marks the latest in a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-campus-protests-966eb531279f8e4381883fc5d79d5466\">slew of fierce protests against Israel\u003c/a> — many involving tent encampments — that have swept campuses across the country over the last week, with the number of arrests nearing 1,000. Sparked by an ongoing student demonstration and clash with police at \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/29/1247761719/campus-protests-arrests-suspensions\">Columbia University in New York\u003c/a>, students at scores of colleges have joined the fray, calling for their schools to divest from companies that provide military support to Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984203/pro-palestinian-protests-sweep-california-college-campuses-amid-israel-hamas-war\">encampments popped up at a growing number of Bay Area universities\u003c/a>, including UC Berkeley, Stanford and — as of this weekend — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-state-students-protest-violence-in-gaza/\">Sonoma State\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11984203","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Further north, at Cal Poly Humboldt in Arcata, pro-Palestinian demonstrators last week occupied an administrative building, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/cal-state-humboldt-gaza-protests-19425395.php\">prompting school officials on Friday to close the campus\u003c/a> for the remainder of the academic year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles, administrators last week \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestine-war-campus-protests-usc-cff0c1e59fc6164f615a2686d7f1b401\">called off the school’s main-stage graduation ceremony\u003c/a>, set for May 10 — after first canceling a commencement speech by its valedictorian who has publicly expressed support for Palestinians — amid ongoing student protests that have roiled its campus and led to some 100 arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the protests have been overtly anti-Zionist, with participants, many of whom are Jewish, calling for the liberation of Palestine and the dissolution of the modern state of Israel. That stance has prompted some critics to denounce the actions as antisemitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jewish activists like Alexei Folger, a 59-year-old member of the anti-Zionist group Jewish Voice for Peace, who attended Monday’s rally, argued that there’s nothing antisemitic about demanding the U.S. stop supporting Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t consider it part of our Jewish tradition to support genocide or apartheid. And as American Jews, we feel like we have to take a stand,” said Folger, an SF State alum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She accused the media of presenting the situation as a “false narrative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a political question and an ideological question. The people on this side are supporting Israel’s policies that the people on the other side are not,” Folger said. “And that’s when it comes down to. It’s not Jewish on one side and Palestinian students and supporters on the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984440\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984440 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-10-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian students and faculty at San Francisco State University rally and establish an encampment on campus Monday. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Student movements have always been a vital component of liberation struggles around the world, Omar Zahzah, an SF State professor of Arab, Muslim, Ethnicities and Diaspora Studies, told demonstrators on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And today, seeing all of you in all of your splendor and all of your numbers only confirms this fact,” he said. “We are here today to say no to genocide, but ultimately to call for the total liberation of Palestinian land and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to KQED, SFSU spokesperson Kent Bravo said the investment policy of the SF State Foundation “reflects its commitment to the values of the University, prioritizing social and racial justice, environmental sustainability and climate action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy, he said, “does not address single-issue approaches for geopolitical issues” but is instead “designed to be effective in ways which can make a positive impact globally while supporting the enhancement of our students’ education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s demonstration comes after nearly seven months of the Israel-Hamas war, a brutal conflict sparked by a Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7, in which militants killed some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and took around 250 hostages, according to Israeli authorities. Israel’s retaliatory air, sea and ground offensive in Gaza has been relentless, reducing much of the enclave to rubble, killing at least 34,500 Palestinians, mostly women and children, and prompting a humanitarian disaster, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. Famine is imminent in Gaza, with 1.1 million people expected to face “catastrophic conditions” by the end of May, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/alerts-archive/issue-97/en/\">according to international food insecurity experts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984442\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984442 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240429-SFSU-GAZA-ENCAMPMENT-MD-12-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian students at SFSU establish an encampment on campus Monday. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the newly formed SFSU chapter of the national Faculty for Justice in Palestine Network (FJP) urged administrators “to respect any and all collective displays of support for the Palestinian liberation struggle that our students undertake” and implored them to not “repeat the shameful, punitive and dangerous forms of repression imposed by universities across the country,” that have led to arrests, suspensions and evictions from campus housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group pointed to the university’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11830384/how-the-longest-student-strike-in-u-s-history-created-ethnic-studies\">long and now-celebrated history of student and faculty activism\u003c/a>, including a monthslong strike in the late 1960s that led to the creation of the nation’s first College of Ethnic Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11830384","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“SFSU students are astute observers of history, engaged critical thinkers, and thoughtful political organizers,” the group said. “They know that change doesn’t happen without struggle, and they are taking action in solidarity with a worldwide movement in support of the liberation of the Palestinian people and divestment from entities that support and profit from colonialism, imperialism, ethnic cleansing and genocidal wars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Bravo said the school has long honored the right of community members to peacefully protest “while preserving a safe campus environment, and we expect that will continue today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahmoud Ereikat is a first-year civil engineering student at SF State who joined Monday’s rally. A Palestinian citizen who grew up in the West Bank, he said the situation on the ground in Gaza is even more dire than how the media portray it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to bring attention to this. Status quo isn’t something that should be upheld,” he said. “We will try to make our cause bigger and bigger and bigger until divestment and until liberation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sam Lim and Sara Hossaini contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984403/sfsu-pro-palestinian-encampment-established-as-students-rally-for-divestment","authors":["1263"],"categories":["news_18540","news_28250","news_8"],"tags":["news_20013","news_27626","news_6631","news_38","news_2200","news_28784"],"featImg":"news_11984439","label":"news"},"news_11984407":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984407","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984407","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-politics-and-policy-around-newsoms-vatican-climate-summit-trip","title":"The Politics and Policy Around Newsom’s Vatican Climate Summit Trip","publishDate":1714437046,"format":"audio","headTitle":"The Politics and Policy Around Newsom’s Vatican Climate Summit Trip | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Governor Gavin Newsom will be heading to Rome next month as one of several state and local officials invited from around the world to speak at the Pope’s Vatican Climate Summit. The governor will focus on how the changing climate is affecting California’s ability to cope with droughts, wildfires and floods. Scott is joined by Marisa and Guy to talk about the politics and policy of Newsom’s trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714431520,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":76},"headData":{"title":"The Politics and Policy Around Newsom’s Vatican Climate Summit Trip | KQED","description":"Governor Gavin Newsom will be heading to Rome next month as one of several state and local officials invited from around the world to speak at the Pope’s Vatican Climate Summit. The governor will focus on how the changing climate is affecting California’s ability to cope with droughts, wildfires and floods. Scott is joined by","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"The Politics and Policy Around Newsom’s Vatican Climate Summit Trip","datePublished":"2024-04-30T00:30:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T22:58:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Political Breakdown","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6811886058.mp3?updated=1714431796","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984407/the-politics-and-policy-around-newsoms-vatican-climate-summit-trip","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Governor Gavin Newsom will be heading to Rome next month as one of several state and local officials invited from around the world to speak at the Pope’s Vatican Climate Summit. The governor will focus on how the changing climate is affecting California’s ability to cope with droughts, wildfires and floods. Scott is joined by Marisa and Guy to talk about the politics and policy of Newsom’s trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984407/the-politics-and-policy-around-newsoms-vatican-climate-summit-trip","authors":["255","3239","227"],"programs":["news_33544"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_33881","news_16","news_22235","news_17968","news_33994"],"featImg":"news_11984410","label":"source_news_11984407"},"news_11984297":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984297","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984297","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"as-border-debate-shifts-right-sen-alex-padilla-emerges-as-persistent-counterforce-for-immigrants","title":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants","publishDate":1714302009,"format":"standard","headTitle":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>President Joe Biden had a question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it true?” Biden asked Sen. Alex Padilla, referencing the roughly 25% of U.S. students in kindergarten through high school who are Latino. Padilla said the question came as he was waiting with the president in a back room at a library in Culver City, California before an event in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exactly the kind of opening Padilla was hoping to get with the Democratic president. Biden was weighing his reelection campaign, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-border-donald-trump-f0ca943f0f148e165bc6e8ebfd149f14\">executive actions on immigration\u003c/a> and what to do about a southern border that has been marked by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-border-crossings-mexico-biden-18ac91ef502e0c5433f74de6cc629b32\">historic numbers of illegal crossings\u003c/a> during his tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla wanted to make sure Biden also took into account the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-jobs-economy-wages-gdp-trump-biden-fbd1f2ec89e84fdfaf81d005054edad0\">potential of the country’s immigrants\u003c/a>. “Mr. President, do you know what I call them, those students?” Padilla recalled saying. “It’s the workforce of tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was just one of the many times Padilla, who at 52 years old is now the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-alex-padilla-60caab4661f65771f8fa21a585de2638\">senior senator of California\u003c/a>, has taken the opportunity — from face-to-face moments with the president to regular calls with top White House staff and sometimes outspoken criticism — to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The son of Mexican immigrants and the first Latino to represent his state in the Senate, Padilla has emerged as a persistent force at a time when Democrats are increasingly focused on border security and the country’s posture toward immigrants is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illegal immigration is seen as a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-border-security-democrats-ca10e37c4f961700cdd1645e09422ac0\">growing political crisis for Democrats\u003c/a> after authorities both at the border and in cities nationwide have struggled to handle recent surges. The party may also be losing favor with Hispanic voters amid disenchantment with Biden. But Padilla, in a series of interviews with The Associated Press, expressed a deep reserve of optimism about his party’s ability to win support both from and for immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t be afraid, don’t be reluctant to talk about immigration. Lean into it,” Padilla said. “Because number one, it’s the morally right thing to do. Number two, it is key to the strength, the security and the future of our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator has tried to anchor his fellow Democrats to that stance even as the politics of immigration grow increasingly toxic. Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, has said immigrants who enter the U.S. illegally are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/border-immigration-trump-biden-rhetoric-2024-election-327c08045edcc200f850d893de6a79d6\">“poisoning the blood” of the country\u003c/a> and accused Biden of allowing a “bloodbath” at the southern border. Biden, meanwhile, has \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-asylum-border-congress-7507034034ba49a8f170777600cad46e\">shifted to the right\u003c/a> at times in both the policies and language he is willing to use as illegal border crossings become a vulnerability for his reelection bid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such was the case when Biden, during his State of the Union address, entered into an unscripted exchange with Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, a Republican of Georgia, and referred to a Venezuelan man accused of killing a nursing student in Georgia as an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/illegal-biden-backlash-laken-riley-41819b01c3942435f0f862789cd1d0f0#:~:text=Politics-,Biden's%20reference%20to%20'an%20illegal'%20rankles%20some%20Democrats%20who%20argue,he's%20still%20preferable%20to%20Trump&text=MIAMI%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20President%20Joe,State%20of%20the%20Union%20speech.\">“illegal” — a term anathema to immigration rights advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the speech, Padilla discussed the moment with Rep. Tony Cárdenas in the apartment they share in Washington. Cárdenas said their conversation turned to how they wanted politicians to avoid labeling migrants as “illegals” because it deprived them of dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla told him he would call the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is the kind of person who steps in and steps up, and, you know, he’s tactical about it,” Cárdenas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a difficult role to play, especially as Democrats try to shore up what’s seen as a weakness on border security in the battleground states that will determine control of the White House and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in California, Republicans have been emboldened on immigration as they try to reassert statewide relevance, said Mark Meuser, a lawyer who lost elections against Padilla for the Senate in 2022 and California Secretary of State in 2018. He argued top California Democrats like Padilla “are driving hard towards the extreme edges of their party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla has urged the president and fellow Democrats to hold firm to the position that border enforcement measures be paired with reforms for immigrants who are already in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Senate negotiations earlier this year over border policy, Padilla asserted himself as the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/senate-border-immigration-biden-66531bcefb908d5440a52b54c543b006\">leader of congressional opposition\u003c/a> from the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla, along with four other Democratic-aligned senators, eventually \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-ukraine-aid-border-security-386dcc54b29a5491f8bd87b727a284f8\">voted against advancing the package\u003c/a>, ensuring its failure as Republicans also rejected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is a lone voice but it is a courageous voice in the Senate,” said Vanessa Cardenas, who leads the immigration advocacy organization America’s Voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a quick ascent for Padilla, who is just beginning his fourth year in Congress. Yet for Padilla, it’s the very reason he entered politics in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11979131,news_11970221,news_11982020\"]When he graduated in 1994 with an engineering degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it was a dream fulfilled for his parents — his father a short order cook and his mother a house cleaner. But he was soon drawn into politics as the state’s attention turned to Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot measure that was approved to deny education, health care and other non-emergency services to immigrants who entered the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was branded by supporters as the Save Our State Initiative. Padilla still remembers the ads for the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trying to blame a downward economy on the hardest working people that I know was offensive and an outrage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he sees parallels between California in the 1990s, which approved the ballot measure but then had it invalidated in federal court, and the wider country today: changing demographics, economic uncertainty and political opportunists “scapegoating” immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet it also spurred the state’s Latinos to get involved politically. To Padilla, it’s no coincidence that California, the state with the most immigrants, now boasts the nation’s largest economy and is a stronghold for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Alex Padilla is taking practically every opportunity to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration and pressing his case in face-to-face moments with President Joe Biden.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714249055,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1061},"headData":{"title":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants | KQED","description":"Alex Padilla is taking practically every opportunity to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration and pressing his case in face-to-face moments with President Joe Biden.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"As Border Debate Shifts Right, Sen. Alex Padilla Emerges as Persistent Counterforce for Immigrants","datePublished":"2024-04-28T11:00:09.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-27T20:17:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Stephen Groves\u003cbr>Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984297/as-border-debate-shifts-right-sen-alex-padilla-emerges-as-persistent-counterforce-for-immigrants","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Joe Biden had a question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it true?” Biden asked Sen. Alex Padilla, referencing the roughly 25% of U.S. students in kindergarten through high school who are Latino. Padilla said the question came as he was waiting with the president in a back room at a library in Culver City, California before an event in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was exactly the kind of opening Padilla was hoping to get with the Democratic president. Biden was weighing his reelection campaign, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-border-donald-trump-f0ca943f0f148e165bc6e8ebfd149f14\">executive actions on immigration\u003c/a> and what to do about a southern border that has been marked by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-border-crossings-mexico-biden-18ac91ef502e0c5433f74de6cc629b32\">historic numbers of illegal crossings\u003c/a> during his tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla wanted to make sure Biden also took into account the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/immigration-jobs-economy-wages-gdp-trump-biden-fbd1f2ec89e84fdfaf81d005054edad0\">potential of the country’s immigrants\u003c/a>. “Mr. President, do you know what I call them, those students?” Padilla recalled saying. “It’s the workforce of tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was just one of the many times Padilla, who at 52 years old is now the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-california-kamala-harris-gavin-newsom-alex-padilla-60caab4661f65771f8fa21a585de2638\">senior senator of California\u003c/a>, has taken the opportunity — from face-to-face moments with the president to regular calls with top White House staff and sometimes outspoken criticism — to put his stamp on the Democratic Party’s approach to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The son of Mexican immigrants and the first Latino to represent his state in the Senate, Padilla has emerged as a persistent force at a time when Democrats are increasingly focused on border security and the country’s posture toward immigrants is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illegal immigration is seen as a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-border-security-democrats-ca10e37c4f961700cdd1645e09422ac0\">growing political crisis for Democrats\u003c/a> after authorities both at the border and in cities nationwide have struggled to handle recent surges. The party may also be losing favor with Hispanic voters amid disenchantment with Biden. But Padilla, in a series of interviews with The Associated Press, expressed a deep reserve of optimism about his party’s ability to win support both from and for immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t be afraid, don’t be reluctant to talk about immigration. Lean into it,” Padilla said. “Because number one, it’s the morally right thing to do. Number two, it is key to the strength, the security and the future of our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator has tried to anchor his fellow Democrats to that stance even as the politics of immigration grow increasingly toxic. Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, has said immigrants who enter the U.S. illegally are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/border-immigration-trump-biden-rhetoric-2024-election-327c08045edcc200f850d893de6a79d6\">“poisoning the blood” of the country\u003c/a> and accused Biden of allowing a “bloodbath” at the southern border. Biden, meanwhile, has \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-immigration-asylum-border-congress-7507034034ba49a8f170777600cad46e\">shifted to the right\u003c/a> at times in both the policies and language he is willing to use as illegal border crossings become a vulnerability for his reelection bid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such was the case when Biden, during his State of the Union address, entered into an unscripted exchange with Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, a Republican of Georgia, and referred to a Venezuelan man accused of killing a nursing student in Georgia as an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/illegal-biden-backlash-laken-riley-41819b01c3942435f0f862789cd1d0f0#:~:text=Politics-,Biden's%20reference%20to%20'an%20illegal'%20rankles%20some%20Democrats%20who%20argue,he's%20still%20preferable%20to%20Trump&text=MIAMI%20(AP)%20%E2%80%94%20President%20Joe,State%20of%20the%20Union%20speech.\">“illegal” — a term anathema to immigration rights advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the speech, Padilla discussed the moment with Rep. Tony Cárdenas in the apartment they share in Washington. Cárdenas said their conversation turned to how they wanted politicians to avoid labeling migrants as “illegals” because it deprived them of dignity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla told him he would call the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is the kind of person who steps in and steps up, and, you know, he’s tactical about it,” Cárdenas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a difficult role to play, especially as Democrats try to shore up what’s seen as a weakness on border security in the battleground states that will determine control of the White House and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in California, Republicans have been emboldened on immigration as they try to reassert statewide relevance, said Mark Meuser, a lawyer who lost elections against Padilla for the Senate in 2022 and California Secretary of State in 2018. He argued top California Democrats like Padilla “are driving hard towards the extreme edges of their party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla has urged the president and fellow Democrats to hold firm to the position that border enforcement measures be paired with reforms for immigrants who are already in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Senate negotiations earlier this year over border policy, Padilla asserted himself as the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/senate-border-immigration-biden-66531bcefb908d5440a52b54c543b006\">leader of congressional opposition\u003c/a> from the left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla, along with four other Democratic-aligned senators, eventually \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/congress-ukraine-aid-border-security-386dcc54b29a5491f8bd87b727a284f8\">voted against advancing the package\u003c/a>, ensuring its failure as Republicans also rejected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is a lone voice but it is a courageous voice in the Senate,” said Vanessa Cardenas, who leads the immigration advocacy organization America’s Voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a quick ascent for Padilla, who is just beginning his fourth year in Congress. Yet for Padilla, it’s the very reason he entered politics in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11979131,news_11970221,news_11982020"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When he graduated in 1994 with an engineering degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it was a dream fulfilled for his parents — his father a short order cook and his mother a house cleaner. But he was soon drawn into politics as the state’s attention turned to Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot measure that was approved to deny education, health care and other non-emergency services to immigrants who entered the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was branded by supporters as the Save Our State Initiative. Padilla still remembers the ads for the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trying to blame a downward economy on the hardest working people that I know was offensive and an outrage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he sees parallels between California in the 1990s, which approved the ballot measure but then had it invalidated in federal court, and the wider country today: changing demographics, economic uncertainty and political opportunists “scapegoating” immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet it also spurred the state’s Latinos to get involved politically. To Padilla, it’s no coincidence that California, the state with the most immigrants, now boasts the nation’s largest economy and is a stronghold for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984297/as-border-debate-shifts-right-sen-alex-padilla-emerges-as-persistent-counterforce-for-immigrants","authors":["byline_news_11984297"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8","news_13"],"tags":["news_27626","news_20202","news_29063","news_31213"],"featImg":"news_11984300","label":"news"},"forum_2010101905533":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905533","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905533","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"city-lights-chief-book-buyer-paul-yamazaki-on-a-half-century-spent-reading-the-room","title":"City Lights Chief Book Buyer Paul Yamazaki on a Half Century Spent “Reading the Room”","publishDate":1714403977,"format":"audio","headTitle":"City Lights Chief Book Buyer Paul Yamazaki on a Half Century Spent “Reading the Room” | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>When you walk into the historic, beloved City Lights in San Francisco’s North Beach, it’s easy to get lost in the winding shelves packed with thousands of titles from classic literature, poetry and philosophy to contemporary fiction. There’s a legendary man behind the careful curation. Chief book buyer Paul Yamazaki has worked at City Lights since the 1970’s and has dedicated his career to filling the shelves with titles that spark conversations between books and readers. “Any single book has a constellation of conversations, consequences, and causes,” Yamazaki says in his new book “Reading the Room: A Bookseller’s Tale.” We’ll talk to Yamazaki about independent bookstores and what he sees for the future of books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Chief book buyer Paul Yamazaki has worked at City Lights since the 1970’s and has dedicated his career to filling the shelves with titles that spark conversations between books and readers. We’ll talk to Yamazaki about independent bookstores and what he sees for the future of books.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714418739,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":133},"headData":{"title":"City Lights Chief Book Buyer Paul Yamazaki on a Half Century Spent “Reading the Room” | KQED","description":"Chief book buyer Paul Yamazaki has worked at City Lights since the 1970’s and has dedicated his career to filling the shelves with titles that spark conversations between books and readers. We’ll talk to Yamazaki about independent bookstores and what he sees for the future of books.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"City Lights Chief Book Buyer Paul Yamazaki on a Half Century Spent “Reading the Room”","datePublished":"2024-04-29T15:19:37.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T19:25:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6829215844.mp3?updated=1714418808","airdate":1714406400,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Paul Yamazaki","bio":"chief book buyer, City Lights Bookstore - In 2023, Paul won the National Book Foundation's Literarian Award for Outstanding Service to the American Literary Community"},{"name":"Melinda Powers","bio":"head book buyer, Book Shop Santa Cruz; president, California Independent Booksellers Alliance"},{"name":"Stephen Sparks","bio":"owner, Point Reyes Books and Wayfinder Bookshop"},{"name":"Hannah Oliver Depp","bio":"owner, Loyalty bookstore"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905533/city-lights-chief-book-buyer-paul-yamazaki-on-a-half-century-spent-reading-the-room","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you walk into the historic, beloved City Lights in San Francisco’s North Beach, it’s easy to get lost in the winding shelves packed with thousands of titles from classic literature, poetry and philosophy to contemporary fiction. There’s a legendary man behind the careful curation. Chief book buyer Paul Yamazaki has worked at City Lights since the 1970’s and has dedicated his career to filling the shelves with titles that spark conversations between books and readers. “Any single book has a constellation of conversations, consequences, and causes,” Yamazaki says in his new book “Reading the Room: A Bookseller’s Tale.” We’ll talk to Yamazaki about independent bookstores and what he sees for the future of books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905533/city-lights-chief-book-buyer-paul-yamazaki-on-a-half-century-spent-reading-the-room","authors":["11757"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905537","label":"forum"},"news_11984321":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984321","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984321","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"millions-of-californians-face-internet-dilemma-as-affordable-subsidy-ends","title":"Millions of Californians Face Internet Dilemma as Affordable Subsidy Ends","publishDate":1714388418,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Millions of Californians Face Internet Dilemma as Affordable Subsidy Ends | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Alfredo Camacho and his three daughters started a new routine last week: Every evening they go to the parking lot outside a nearby library to get Wi-Fi access. The kids do homework and download YouTube videos, while Alfredo checks his email and searches job listings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho and his daughters ages 9, 12, and 15 live in Guadalupe, a town of roughly 9,000 on the Central Coast of California. They used to rely on the Affordable Connectivity Program, a $30 to $75 monthly credit for high-speed internet, but that ends this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This takes away grocery money,” he told CalMatters. “Being a single father, $30 goes a long way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho is one of roughly three million Californians deciding whether to keep home internet access or give it up and deepen the digital divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress allocated $14.2 billion to the Affordable Connectivity Program in 2021, when the COVID-19 pandemic was still top of mind and underscored people’s need for online access to do school and work. But since Congress failed to allocate more funding, that money runs out later this month. And since the subsidy only covers part of the bill, the onus is on subsidy recipients to cut the cord or it could end up costing them money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, more than 23 million Americans benefited from the program. An additional 30 million eligible people never received the subsidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four out of five households enrolled in the program cite affordability as the reason why they had inconsistent or no internet access, according to a Federal Communications Commission survey released two months ago. Roughly the same amount said the end of the subsidy will force them to find cheaper service or get rid of home internet service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11982394,news_11974704\" label=\"Related Stories\"]The Federal Communications Commission, which \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/02/affordable-connectivity-program-deadline/\">stopped accepting affordable internet applications in February\u003c/a>, said internet service providers are required to inform recipients three times before charging consumers full price, with the final notification this month, the last billing cycle that includes a full subsidy. The federal agency said some people may receive partial affordable internet funding in May. People who haven’t received such notifications yet are encouraged to call their internet service provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter urging leaders in Congress to \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6929\">pass a law\u003c/a> extending funding last month, more than 150 members of Congress \u003ca href=\"https://acpdashboard.com/\">note that\u003c/a> roughly half of Affordable Connectivity Program recipients are military families, one in four live in rural communities, and one in five are households with people who are 65 or older. The letter called internet service essential to education, health, and the economy, and warned that ending the program could reduce trust in government and internet service providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho agrees that ending the program breaks public trust. “You gave everybody hope and then you dropped the ball,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Things are going to get worse’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Winnie Aguilar lives in senior housing in Imperial Beach and called the affordable internet subsidy important to her and many of her neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us who have very low income and cannot work anymore it’s hard to lose that $30,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The digital divide for students from poor families and rural areas can and should end, said Mary Nicely, the California Department of Education chief deputy superintendent of public instruction. “Our students and families deserve a greater investment, not less, to ensure they have a level playing field to succeed academically,” she wrote in a statement. “We have a long way to go to ensure that all students in this state have the resources they need to thrive academically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials offered no estimates for the number of students affected by the end of the Affordable Connectivity Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic led to the development of many online tools that still get used, Public Policy Institute of California researcher Joe Hayes told CalMatters. “So it stands to reason that households from historically underserved populations are going to be harder hit by the disappearance of the Affordable Connectivity Program,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A record \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/jtf-californias-digital-divide.pdf\">95% of Californians have access to the internet\u003c/a> today, according to a report Hayes published earlier this month. In recent years, access has increased the most among low-income Black and Latino households headed by people who didn’t graduate from college, the report said. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/testimony-californias-k-12-digital-divide-has-narrowed-but-access-gaps-persist/#:~:text=In%20spring%202020%2C%20when%20schools,reliable%20access%20to%20digital%20devices.\">digital divide has narrowed for grade-school students\u003c/a> as well, but still persists, the institute found in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite years of progress that made him optimistic, Hayes expects the end of the Affordable Connectivity Program to widen the digital divide for students and low-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are going to get worse for people on the margins,” he told CalMatters. “Even if you’re in a place with fiber in the ground, if you suddenly can’t afford it, I do expect that that gap to widen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Hayes notes that a number of federal programs continue to fund efforts to end the digital divide, including the Department of Treasury’s coronavirus projects fund and the broadband equity and access deployment program. There’s also a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/10/california-broadband/\">$6 billion state program\u003c/a> to fund broadband infrastructure projects, and earlier this month the state of California received a $70 million federal grant to implement a digital equity plan. But he said these programs don’t address a key issue at the heart of the matter: \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-broadband-student-access/\">high monthly costs\u003c/a> charged by internet service providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average cost of home internet is $83 a month, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://broadbandforall.cdt.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2023/12/2023-Statewide-Digital-Equity-Survey-Final-Remediated-Report.pdf\">2023 survey\u003c/a> by the California Department Of Technology. Latino households, people who live in rural areas, and low-income households are amongst those most in need of internet service, said the survey released in summer 2023. Roughly 3.5 million Californians still lack internet access due to lack of infrastructure, affordability, or other issues, according to the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunne McPeak works to end the digital divide as the president and CEO of the California Emerging Technology Fund, which is informing people who received Affordable Connectivity Program money about low-cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.internetforallnow.org/\">options available from internet service providers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said there are two important next steps for California to close the digital divide despite the end of the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Federal Communications Commission needs to keep sharing data with state agencies that administer federal assistance programs like Medi-Cal; groups attempting to bridge the digital divide use this data to reach households\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do as \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1588?slug=CA_202320240AB1588\">AB 1588\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1179?slug=CA_202320240SB1179\">SB 1179\u003c/a> propose and require internet service providers extend affordable offers to people who were eligible for the Affordable Connectivity Program. She said companies like AT&T, Comcast, Cox, and Frontier already do so.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a total political problem,” McPeak said about the digital divide. “They could solve it tomorrow with the right will.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A federal affordable internet subsidy is going away and 3 million Californians must decide whether to end access largely considered a human right.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714407268,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1161},"headData":{"title":"Millions of Californians Face Internet Dilemma as Affordable Subsidy Ends | KQED","description":"A federal affordable internet subsidy is going away and 3 million Californians must decide whether to end access largely considered a human right.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Millions of Californians Face Internet Dilemma as Affordable Subsidy Ends","datePublished":"2024-04-29T11:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T16:14:28.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Khari Johnson, CalMatters","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984321/millions-of-californians-face-internet-dilemma-as-affordable-subsidy-ends","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alfredo Camacho and his three daughters started a new routine last week: Every evening they go to the parking lot outside a nearby library to get Wi-Fi access. The kids do homework and download YouTube videos, while Alfredo checks his email and searches job listings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho and his daughters ages 9, 12, and 15 live in Guadalupe, a town of roughly 9,000 on the Central Coast of California. They used to rely on the Affordable Connectivity Program, a $30 to $75 monthly credit for high-speed internet, but that ends this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This takes away grocery money,” he told CalMatters. “Being a single father, $30 goes a long way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho is one of roughly three million Californians deciding whether to keep home internet access or give it up and deepen the digital divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress allocated $14.2 billion to the Affordable Connectivity Program in 2021, when the COVID-19 pandemic was still top of mind and underscored people’s need for online access to do school and work. But since Congress failed to allocate more funding, that money runs out later this month. And since the subsidy only covers part of the bill, the onus is on subsidy recipients to cut the cord or it could end up costing them money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, more than 23 million Americans benefited from the program. An additional 30 million eligible people never received the subsidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four out of five households enrolled in the program cite affordability as the reason why they had inconsistent or no internet access, according to a Federal Communications Commission survey released two months ago. Roughly the same amount said the end of the subsidy will force them to find cheaper service or get rid of home internet service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11982394,news_11974704","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission, which \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/02/affordable-connectivity-program-deadline/\">stopped accepting affordable internet applications in February\u003c/a>, said internet service providers are required to inform recipients three times before charging consumers full price, with the final notification this month, the last billing cycle that includes a full subsidy. The federal agency said some people may receive partial affordable internet funding in May. People who haven’t received such notifications yet are encouraged to call their internet service provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter urging leaders in Congress to \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6929\">pass a law\u003c/a> extending funding last month, more than 150 members of Congress \u003ca href=\"https://acpdashboard.com/\">note that\u003c/a> roughly half of Affordable Connectivity Program recipients are military families, one in four live in rural communities, and one in five are households with people who are 65 or older. The letter called internet service essential to education, health, and the economy, and warned that ending the program could reduce trust in government and internet service providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camacho agrees that ending the program breaks public trust. “You gave everybody hope and then you dropped the ball,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Things are going to get worse’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Winnie Aguilar lives in senior housing in Imperial Beach and called the affordable internet subsidy important to her and many of her neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For us who have very low income and cannot work anymore it’s hard to lose that $30,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The digital divide for students from poor families and rural areas can and should end, said Mary Nicely, the California Department of Education chief deputy superintendent of public instruction. “Our students and families deserve a greater investment, not less, to ensure they have a level playing field to succeed academically,” she wrote in a statement. “We have a long way to go to ensure that all students in this state have the resources they need to thrive academically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials offered no estimates for the number of students affected by the end of the Affordable Connectivity Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic led to the development of many online tools that still get used, Public Policy Institute of California researcher Joe Hayes told CalMatters. “So it stands to reason that households from historically underserved populations are going to be harder hit by the disappearance of the Affordable Connectivity Program,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A record \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/jtf-californias-digital-divide.pdf\">95% of Californians have access to the internet\u003c/a> today, according to a report Hayes published earlier this month. In recent years, access has increased the most among low-income Black and Latino households headed by people who didn’t graduate from college, the report said. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/testimony-californias-k-12-digital-divide-has-narrowed-but-access-gaps-persist/#:~:text=In%20spring%202020%2C%20when%20schools,reliable%20access%20to%20digital%20devices.\">digital divide has narrowed for grade-school students\u003c/a> as well, but still persists, the institute found in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite years of progress that made him optimistic, Hayes expects the end of the Affordable Connectivity Program to widen the digital divide for students and low-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are going to get worse for people on the margins,” he told CalMatters. “Even if you’re in a place with fiber in the ground, if you suddenly can’t afford it, I do expect that that gap to widen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Hayes notes that a number of federal programs continue to fund efforts to end the digital divide, including the Department of Treasury’s coronavirus projects fund and the broadband equity and access deployment program. There’s also a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/10/california-broadband/\">$6 billion state program\u003c/a> to fund broadband infrastructure projects, and earlier this month the state of California received a $70 million federal grant to implement a digital equity plan. But he said these programs don’t address a key issue at the heart of the matter: \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-broadband-student-access/\">high monthly costs\u003c/a> charged by internet service providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average cost of home internet is $83 a month, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://broadbandforall.cdt.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2023/12/2023-Statewide-Digital-Equity-Survey-Final-Remediated-Report.pdf\">2023 survey\u003c/a> by the California Department Of Technology. Latino households, people who live in rural areas, and low-income households are amongst those most in need of internet service, said the survey released in summer 2023. Roughly 3.5 million Californians still lack internet access due to lack of infrastructure, affordability, or other issues, according to the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunne McPeak works to end the digital divide as the president and CEO of the California Emerging Technology Fund, which is informing people who received Affordable Connectivity Program money about low-cost \u003ca href=\"https://www.internetforallnow.org/\">options available from internet service providers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said there are two important next steps for California to close the digital divide despite the end of the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Federal Communications Commission needs to keep sharing data with state agencies that administer federal assistance programs like Medi-Cal; groups attempting to bridge the digital divide use this data to reach households\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do as \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1588?slug=CA_202320240AB1588\">AB 1588\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1179?slug=CA_202320240SB1179\">SB 1179\u003c/a> propose and require internet service providers extend affordable offers to people who were eligible for the Affordable Connectivity Program. She said companies like AT&T, Comcast, Cox, and Frontier already do so.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a total political problem,” McPeak said about the digital divide. “They could solve it tomorrow with the right will.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984321/millions-of-californians-face-internet-dilemma-as-affordable-subsidy-ends","authors":["byline_news_11984321"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_21405","news_27626","news_31079","news_32709"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11984323","label":"source_news_11984321"},"news_11984339":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984339","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984339","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-partners-with-new-jersey-firm-to-buy-generic-opioid-overdose-reversal-drug","title":"California Partners with New Jersey Firm to Buy Generic Opioid Overdose Reversal Drug","publishDate":1714417258,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Partners with New Jersey Firm to Buy Generic Opioid Overdose Reversal Drug | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California is partnering with a New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company to purchase a generic version of Narcan, the drug that can save someone’s life during an opioid overdose, under a deal announced Monday by Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amneal Pharmaceuticals will sell naloxone to California for $24 per pack, or about 40% cheaper than the market rate. California will give the packs away for free to first responders, universities and community organizations through the state’s Naloxone Distribution Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal is significant because it means California can buy a lot more naloxone — 3.2 million packs in one year instead of 2 million — for the same total cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal means naloxone will eventually be available under the CalRx label. Newsom first proposed CalRx back in 2019 as an attempt to force drug companies to lower their prices by \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fbf567dda715d7b277b1d7e161340ea5\">offering much cheaper, competing versions\u003c/a> of life-saving medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-0ce04b7e398408b760904d212af44104\">signed a law\u003c/a> in 2020 that gave authority to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California governments and businesses will be able to purchase naloxone outside of the Naloxone Distribution Project, the Newsom administration said, adding the state is working on a plan to make it available for sale to individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is disrupting the drug industry with CalRx — securing life-saving drugs at lower and transparent prices,” Newsom said in an statement provided by his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naloxone has been available in the U.S. without a prescription since March of 2023 when the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/narcan-naloxone-overdose-opioids-9ad693795ce31e3a867a4dd4b65dbde8\">U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Narcan\u003c/a>, a nasal spray brand produced by the Maryland-based pharmaceutical company Emergent BioSolutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amneal Pharmaceuticals makes a generic equivalent to Narcan, which won FDA approval last week.[aside postID=news_11958577 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230818-NARCAN-AP-MR-KQED-1020x680.jpg']The naloxone packs purchased by California initially will be available under the Amneal label. The naloxone will move to the CalRx label once the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves it, a process the Newsom administration said could take several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opioid overdose deaths, which are caused by heroin, fentanyl and oxycodone, have increased dramatically in California and across the country. Annual opioid overdose deaths in California have more than doubled since 2019, reaching 7,385 deaths at the end of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California began giving away naloxone kits for free in 2018. State officials said the Naloxone Distribution Project has given out 4.1 million kits, which have reversed a reported 260,000 opioid overdoses. The money has come from taxpayers and portions of a nationwide settlement agreement with some other pharmaceutical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California lawmakers agreed to spend $30 million to partner with a drug company to make its own version of naloxone. However, they ended up not needing to spend that money on this deal since Amneal Pharmaceutical was already so far along in the FDA approval process that it did not require up-front funding from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, California will use a portion of the revenue it receives from a national opioid settlement to purchase the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naloxone is just one drug the Newsom administration is targeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-newsom-insulin-pharmaceutical-prices-5326fdbba52efe68e160ae6c72a53e71\">signed a 10-year agreement\u003c/a> with the nonprofit Civica to produce CalRx-branded insulin used to treat diabetes. California has set aside \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-california-diabetes-government-and-politics-f846c58d4cb327578d1c7b3a9495d496\">$100 million for that project\u003c/a>, with $50 million to develop the drugs and the rest set aside to invest in a manufacturing facility. Newsom said a 10-milliliter vial of state-branded insulin would sell for $30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civica has been meeting with the FDA and “has a clear path forward,” the Newsom administration said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is partnering with a New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company to purchase a generic version of Narcan, the most well-known version of naloxone that can save a person's life during an opioid overdose.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714418001,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":613},"headData":{"title":"California Partners with New Jersey Firm to Buy Generic Opioid Overdose Reversal Drug | KQED","description":"California is partnering with a New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company to purchase a generic version of Narcan, the most well-known version of naloxone that can save a person's life during an opioid overdose.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Partners with New Jersey Firm to Buy Generic Opioid Overdose Reversal Drug","datePublished":"2024-04-29T19:00:58.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T19:13:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Adam Beam, Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984339/california-partners-with-new-jersey-firm-to-buy-generic-opioid-overdose-reversal-drug","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is partnering with a New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company to purchase a generic version of Narcan, the drug that can save someone’s life during an opioid overdose, under a deal announced Monday by Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amneal Pharmaceuticals will sell naloxone to California for $24 per pack, or about 40% cheaper than the market rate. California will give the packs away for free to first responders, universities and community organizations through the state’s Naloxone Distribution Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal is significant because it means California can buy a lot more naloxone — 3.2 million packs in one year instead of 2 million — for the same total cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal means naloxone will eventually be available under the CalRx label. Newsom first proposed CalRx back in 2019 as an attempt to force drug companies to lower their prices by \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fbf567dda715d7b277b1d7e161340ea5\">offering much cheaper, competing versions\u003c/a> of life-saving medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/general-news-0ce04b7e398408b760904d212af44104\">signed a law\u003c/a> in 2020 that gave authority to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California governments and businesses will be able to purchase naloxone outside of the Naloxone Distribution Project, the Newsom administration said, adding the state is working on a plan to make it available for sale to individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is disrupting the drug industry with CalRx — securing life-saving drugs at lower and transparent prices,” Newsom said in an statement provided by his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naloxone has been available in the U.S. without a prescription since March of 2023 when the \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/narcan-naloxone-overdose-opioids-9ad693795ce31e3a867a4dd4b65dbde8\">U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Narcan\u003c/a>, a nasal spray brand produced by the Maryland-based pharmaceutical company Emergent BioSolutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amneal Pharmaceuticals makes a generic equivalent to Narcan, which won FDA approval last week.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11958577","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230818-NARCAN-AP-MR-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The naloxone packs purchased by California initially will be available under the Amneal label. The naloxone will move to the CalRx label once the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves it, a process the Newsom administration said could take several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opioid overdose deaths, which are caused by heroin, fentanyl and oxycodone, have increased dramatically in California and across the country. Annual opioid overdose deaths in California have more than doubled since 2019, reaching 7,385 deaths at the end of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California began giving away naloxone kits for free in 2018. State officials said the Naloxone Distribution Project has given out 4.1 million kits, which have reversed a reported 260,000 opioid overdoses. The money has come from taxpayers and portions of a nationwide settlement agreement with some other pharmaceutical companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California lawmakers agreed to spend $30 million to partner with a drug company to make its own version of naloxone. However, they ended up not needing to spend that money on this deal since Amneal Pharmaceutical was already so far along in the FDA approval process that it did not require up-front funding from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, California will use a portion of the revenue it receives from a national opioid settlement to purchase the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naloxone is just one drug the Newsom administration is targeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, California \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-newsom-insulin-pharmaceutical-prices-5326fdbba52efe68e160ae6c72a53e71\">signed a 10-year agreement\u003c/a> with the nonprofit Civica to produce CalRx-branded insulin used to treat diabetes. California has set aside \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-california-diabetes-government-and-politics-f846c58d4cb327578d1c7b3a9495d496\">$100 million for that project\u003c/a>, with $50 million to develop the drugs and the rest set aside to invest in a manufacturing facility. Newsom said a 10-milliliter vial of state-branded insulin would sell for $30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civica has been meeting with the FDA and “has a clear path forward,” the Newsom administration said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984339/california-partners-with-new-jersey-firm-to-buy-generic-opioid-overdose-reversal-drug","authors":["byline_news_11984339"],"categories":["news_457","news_8"],"tags":["news_18538","news_16","news_18543","news_22492","news_25617"],"featImg":"news_11984357","label":"news"},"forum_2010101905554":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905554","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905554","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inside-mexicos-clandestine-drug-treatment-centers","title":"Inside Mexico's Clandestine Drug Treatment Centers","publishDate":1714436582,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Inside Mexico’s Clandestine Drug Treatment Centers | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>Across Mexico, clandestine treatment centers for drug addiction – locally referred to as anexos – have been accused of unethical therapeutic practices and even patient abuse. But among Mexico’s working poor, in the absence of government support, they provide hope and protection from the country’s catastrophic drug war. Anthropologist Angela Garcia spent a decade studying anexos, getting to know the people who run them and families that have come to rely on them. She chronicles their stories and her own reflections in her new book, “The Way That Leads Among The Lost: Life, Death, and Hope In Mexico City’s Anexos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Anthropologist Angela Garcia spent a decade studying anexos, getting to know the people who run them and families that have come to rely on them. She chronicles their stories and her own reflections in her new book, “The Way That Leads Among The Lost: Life, Death, and Hope In Mexico City’s Anexos.”","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714436582,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":110},"headData":{"title":"Inside Mexico's Clandestine Drug Treatment Centers | KQED","description":"Anthropologist Angela Garcia spent a decade studying anexos, getting to know the people who run them and families that have come to rely on them. She chronicles their stories and her own reflections in her new book, “The Way That Leads Among The Lost: Life, Death, and Hope In Mexico City’s Anexos.”","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Inside Mexico's Clandestine Drug Treatment Centers","datePublished":"2024-04-30T00:23:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-30T00:23:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"airdate":1714496400,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Angela Garcia","bio":"associate professor of anthropology, Stanford; author of the new book “The Way That Leads Among The Lost: Life, Death, and Hope In Mexico City’s Anexos”"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905554/inside-mexicos-clandestine-drug-treatment-centers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Across Mexico, clandestine treatment centers for drug addiction – locally referred to as anexos – have been accused of unethical therapeutic practices and even patient abuse. But among Mexico’s working poor, in the absence of government support, they provide hope and protection from the country’s catastrophic drug war. Anthropologist Angela Garcia spent a decade studying anexos, getting to know the people who run them and families that have come to rely on them. She chronicles their stories and her own reflections in her new book, “The Way That Leads Among The Lost: Life, Death, and Hope In Mexico City’s Anexos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905554/inside-mexicos-clandestine-drug-treatment-centers","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905559","label":"forum"},"news_11984311":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984311","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984311","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"christinas-trip-ill-take-it","title":"Christina’s Trip: 'I'll Take It'","publishDate":1714347006,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Christina’s Trip: ‘I’ll Take It’ | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/sundaymusicdrop\">The Sunday Music Drop is a weekly radio series hosted by the KQED weekend news team.\u003c/a> In each segment, we feature a song from a local musician or band with an upcoming show and hear about what inspires their music.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Songwriter and guitarist Christina Busler of the Oakland-based band Christina’s Trip describes their music as alternative 90s rock-inspired with elements of distortion pop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to be like a little bit edgy but and have that distortion, but I definitely write like very poppy melodies and lyrics and stuff, and I kind of like to weave it all together,” Busler says. “If I were to define it, [distortion pop] comes from that kind of sound of dissonance and fuzz. So distortion is when it comes to like the sound quality of everything. So pairing that with pop and pop chord progressions and pop sounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding the origins of the band, Busler says the name comes from two references in indie rock: the band Sonic Youth and their song “Eric’s Trip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m obsessed with both Sonic Youth and ‘Eric’s Trip,'” she says. “And so I decided Christina’s Trip. My name’s Christina. I decided that would be the band name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll Take It” will be featured on the band’s upcoming album \u003cem>Forever After\u003c/em> and released on Cherub Dream Records. Busler says it’s a love song about “when you like someone, and you might not get a lot of time with them, but you’re saying, ‘I’ll take what I can get.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hailing from Moraga, Busler met drummer Alec Moore (from Lafayette) in high school. The two became friends after they graduated and started playing together around 2020 before deciding to add more members to the band. Busler says that whenever she is unsure about whether people will like the lyrics she’s written, she brings the song to the band for reassurance and to decide if it’s worth playing in front of an audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that the audience, if they were listening to the lyrics, kind of feel their heart like swelling a little bit, like, thinking of someone that they feel the same way about that,” Busler says. “Like, ‘I’ll take what I can get, whatever you give me, I love you.’ Like that kind of feeling, I guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The band members also include JB Lenar, Christina Miyagi and Alec Moore. Christina’s Trip will be performing at Little Hill Lounge in El Cerrito on May 4, so you can go hear them live.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In this episode of the Sunday Music Drop, the Oakland-based “distortion pop” band Christina's Trip shares their love song \"I'll Take It,\" about liking someone and having a limited amount of time with them.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714415415,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":467},"headData":{"title":"Christina’s Trip: 'I'll Take It' | KQED","description":"In this episode of the Sunday Music Drop, the Oakland-based “distortion pop” band Christina's Trip shares their love song "I'll Take It," about liking someone and having a limited amount of time with them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Christina’s Trip: 'I'll Take It'","datePublished":"2024-04-28T23:30:06.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T18:30:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Sunday Music Drop","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/sundaymusicdrop","audioUrl":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/SMD-Christinas-TripCM_mixdown.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984311/christinas-trip-ill-take-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/sundaymusicdrop\">The Sunday Music Drop is a weekly radio series hosted by the KQED weekend news team.\u003c/a> In each segment, we feature a song from a local musician or band with an upcoming show and hear about what inspires their music.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Songwriter and guitarist Christina Busler of the Oakland-based band Christina’s Trip describes their music as alternative 90s rock-inspired with elements of distortion pop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to be like a little bit edgy but and have that distortion, but I definitely write like very poppy melodies and lyrics and stuff, and I kind of like to weave it all together,” Busler says. “If I were to define it, [distortion pop] comes from that kind of sound of dissonance and fuzz. So distortion is when it comes to like the sound quality of everything. So pairing that with pop and pop chord progressions and pop sounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regarding the origins of the band, Busler says the name comes from two references in indie rock: the band Sonic Youth and their song “Eric’s Trip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m obsessed with both Sonic Youth and ‘Eric’s Trip,'” she says. “And so I decided Christina’s Trip. My name’s Christina. I decided that would be the band name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll Take It” will be featured on the band’s upcoming album \u003cem>Forever After\u003c/em> and released on Cherub Dream Records. Busler says it’s a love song about “when you like someone, and you might not get a lot of time with them, but you’re saying, ‘I’ll take what I can get.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hailing from Moraga, Busler met drummer Alec Moore (from Lafayette) in high school. The two became friends after they graduated and started playing together around 2020 before deciding to add more members to the band. Busler says that whenever she is unsure about whether people will like the lyrics she’s written, she brings the song to the band for reassurance and to decide if it’s worth playing in front of an audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that the audience, if they were listening to the lyrics, kind of feel their heart like swelling a little bit, like, thinking of someone that they feel the same way about that,” Busler says. “Like, ‘I’ll take what I can get, whatever you give me, I love you.’ Like that kind of feeling, I guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The band members also include JB Lenar, Christina Miyagi and Alec Moore. Christina’s Trip will be performing at Little Hill Lounge in El Cerrito on May 4, so you can go hear them live.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984311/christinas-trip-ill-take-it","authors":["11503","11784"],"categories":["news_29992","news_223","news_8"],"tags":["news_31662","news_31663"],"featImg":"news_11984316","label":"source_news_11984311"},"news_11880600":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11880600","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11880600","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"on-our-watch-litigation-reveals-new-details-in-police-shooting-of-oscar-grant","title":"'On Our Watch' Litigation Reveals New Details in Police Shooting of Oscar Grant","publishDate":1625784865,"format":"standard","headTitle":"‘On Our Watch’ Litigation Reveals New Details in Police Shooting of Oscar Grant | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Rev. Wanda Johnson sits down on a folding chair in her driveway on a hot afternoon in June. There’s no air conditioning inside, so she’s fashioned an outside office, and pulls her chair up to a small table where a computer is perched. She’s getting ready to listen to excerpts of nearly 60 hours of newly released tapes — recordings of a police investigation that have been secret for over a decade. On those tapes is a story that’s never been fully heard before: the story of what happened after a transit cop shot her son on a Bay Area Rapid Transit platform on New Year’s Day 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw BART police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant’s back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. The event would later be depicted in the movie “Fruitvale Station,” in which Michael B. Jordan plays Grant on what would be the last day of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rev. Wanda Johnson, Oscar Grant's mother\"]‘Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last.’[/pullquote]But until now, no one outside the agency has actually heard what happened after the cell phone video ended. A lawsuit filed by KQED earlier this year forced BART to comply with California’s “The Right to Know Act,” a 2019 police transparency law, and release the never-before-heard tapes. The subject of a new podcast by NPR and KQED, \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, the tapes allow listeners inside that investigation for the first time, and may provide lessons for larger failings about the system that promises to hold police accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has long been clear that BART made significant missteps in the investigation of Grant’s shooting, and in the aftermath of the incident the Police Chief and two commanders retired. Mehserle would be convicted of involuntary manslaughter and serve 11 months in jail. But the long-secret files focus new attention on former BART police Officer Anthony “Tony” Pirone, who was fired for his actions on the platform but never criminally charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone was the first officer to respond to a call about a fight on the train crowded with people celebrating New Year’s. When Pirone stopped a group of young men on the platform, Grant and his friend Michael Greer jumped back on the train. Pirone removed Greer from the train and threw him on the ground. After Grant tried to stand up to intervene, Pirone repeatedly hit Grant. The crowd began yelling at Pirone and his partner, objecting to their handling of the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-11880661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant’s mother Rev. Wanda Johnson listens during a press conference in Oakland on Monday, Jan. 11, 2021, after Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley announced she would not file new charges against BART police Officer Anthony Pirone. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Five more BART officers, including Johannes Mehserle, responded to calls for backup. Mehserle attempted to handcuff Grant as Pirone held Grant down with his knee. When he could not get Grant’s hands, Mehserle pulled out his gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seven minutes of Pirone arriving on the platform, Oscar Grant was fatally shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing happened to him and that’s what’s so disheartening and so upsetting to me. This man (started) an event that spiraled out of control, (and) caused my son to lose his life,” Johnson says, as she listens to the tapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Mehserle nor Pirone agreed to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Close Personal Relationship’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The internal documents and tapes show that BART’s criminal investigators and leaders repeatedly missed opportunities to question officers, limiting the scope and potentially the outcome of both the criminal and administrative investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after the shot was fired, BART police officers put out a call for medical assistance and backup over the radio. What they didn’t broadcast was that an officer was the shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to basically put two and two together and figure out it was an officer-involved shooting on my own,” one Oakland police officer would later tell investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BART detective who responded to the initial call, Joel Enriquez, also had to wait for another officer to clarify that the incident was a police shooting. Enriquez can be heard in recordings from that night telling another officer that he wished he could review the policy manual so he could be better prepared to investigate the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez was also close to two of the primary officers involved in the incident, Johannes Mehserle and Tony Pirone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to put it on record that I have a close, personal and working relationship with you, Tony,” Enriquez, addressing Pirone, said on the Jan. 1, 2009, tape, recorded less than an hour after Grant died in an Oakland hospital. “And I want to make sure that you’re okay with me interviewing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I’m fine with that,” Pirone replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the initial interview with Pirone, Enriquez fails to ask key questions about the officer’s repeated use of force, and does not challenge or ask Pirone to explain his assertion that he was himself on the verge of using deadly force and in fear for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone’s partner, Officer Marysol Domenici, told investigators that she felt the crowd on the platform was so threatening after Mehserle shot Grant that she was ready to open fire herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I knew, you know, it’s us or them — the crowd,” she said during a Jan. 7, 2009, interview. Because she only had two taser cartridges, she said, she thought she’d have to “start shooting people… I started thinking, Jesus, I’m going to have to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside law firm BART hired to take over the internal affairs inquiry later concluded that both officers exaggerated or lied about their level of fear during the incident in an attempt to justify their actions. Both were fired, though Domenici won her job back after an appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Strategic Decision\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just a week into the shooting inquiry, BART investigators did start to raise questions about Pirone’s violent behavior, police reports show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one report, BART Police Commander Maria White noted that eight days after the killing, one of the department’s internal affairs investigators, Sgt. David Chlebowski, alerted her to a witness video on a local TV website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Chlebowski and several unnamed BART detectives, “voiced concern” over Pirone’s actions depicted in the tape, White wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she “told the detective unit members that their primary focus was the homicide investigation,” delaying a probe into Pirone’s actions, police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She waited a month — until several days after BART obtained a copy of the video from the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office — before ordering BART Det. Alan Fueng to open a criminal investigation into Pirone’s use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In subsequent police reports, Fueng described interviewing Pirone and his partner, Domenici, the night of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of his inquiry was a “brief summary report.” On March 20, 2009, the report was submitted, “without recommendation,” to the D.A.’s Office “for their review and disposition.” Pirone was never charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880665\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1536x1078.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors lay on the ground and yell “don’t shoot” in a demonstration held outside Oakland City Hall on January 14, 2009, to protest the police killing of Oscar Grant. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley said in an interview with KQED and NPR that not charging Pirone was a strategic decision. Her office wanted to build the strongest possible case against Mehserhle, which meant using Pirone as a witness, she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a key witness in this because he started the whole thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2009, under intense public pressure, BART hired an outside law firm called Meyers Nave to do an internal affairs investigation of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART’s board decided to hire Meyers Nave “because it felt it was critical that the public would have confidence in an independent investigation conducted by a well-respected, experienced law firm,” according to a statement from a spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Meyers Nave report, which was unsealed by “The Right to Know” Act or Senate Bill 1421 in 2019, found that Pirone’s aggressive behavior on the platform broke policy and escalated the situation, rather than taking control of the situation in a way that ensured public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tapes show that Meyers Nave investigators asked Pirone to explain why he used racial epithets in an exchange with Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I specifically remember him telling me about his 4-year-old daughter and how he respects the police. I said, ‘Then why are you giving us a bad time?'” Pirone said to Meyers Nave investigators. “That’s when he says, well, ‘You’re a bitch ass n*****.’ And I said, ‘You’re calling me a bitch ass n*****, you know, that type of thing. And he said, ‘yeah.’ And then I said, ‘Bitch ass, n***** huh?’ I think that’s when Mehserle comes over and pushes him down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone was, in large part, responsible for setting the events in motion that created a chaotic and tense situation on the platform, setting the stage, even if inadvertent, for the shooting of Oscar Grant,” the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyers Nave also found that Pirone’s statements about his grounds for detaining Grant, his own actions and uses of force shifted across multiple interviews and were contradicted by witness and video evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this report, Pirone was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone is currently serving the California Army National Guard. He’s a Special Forces Communications Sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone is a highly decorated soldier with many awards and has been in the military since 1997,” a spokesman for the National Guard wrote in an email. He declined to answer further questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I Thought He Had a Gun’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The recordings also refocus attention on Mehserle’s controversial explanation for the shooting and his ultimate defense at trial — that he meant to draw a taser, not his semiautomatic pistol, and that the shooting was unintentional. (Both Pirone and Carlos Reyes, one of the men detained on the platform, later said they heard Mehserle announce he was going to tase Grant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Mehserle’s criminal trial, the jury believed his explanation and convicted him of involuntary manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Meyers Nave report, released in 2019 after the passage of Senate Bill 1421, came to a different conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can be seen trying to draw (his gun) at least two times and on the final occasion can be seen looking back at his hand on the gun/holster to watch the gun come out,” it reads. When Mehserle fired, the report found, Oscar Grant had his hands behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s lawyer Michael Rains disputed this finding in an interview with NPR and KQED, calling the Meyers Nave analysis “flawed” and based on a single frame of video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s probably one one thousandth of a second,” Rains said. “He doesn’t process, ‘I’m looking at my gun.’ That’s ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the newly-released records also include statements of BART officers whom Mehserle confided in after the shooting. They tell investigators Mehserle said he believed Grant was going for a gun and never mentioned his taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Foreman, a senior BART police officer who served as emotional support for Mehserle in the hours after the shooting, told investigators that he spoke to Mehserle every day in the week after he shot Grant. “Every so often he’ll just say, ‘I thought he had a gun, you know, I thought he had a gun,'” Foreman said during a Jan. 9, 2009, interview. He added that Mehserle frequently broke down weeping during these conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have an answer for that,” Rains said when asked why Mehserle didn’t tell Foreman that he’d meant to use his taser. Rains said his client was in “horrible shape emotionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was both an embarrassing failure and a shameful failure on his part,” Rains said. “And that’s the way he felt for days, for weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreman and three other officers testified at trial that in the days after the shooting Mehserle did not mention anything about the taser or that it was a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I’d Be in Jail Right Now’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that Mehserle’s defense remains in question could come down to decisions made by BART Command staff in those early hours after the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s Legal Defense Fund lawyer David Mastagni asked to review the bystander video of the shooting before his client provided a statement to investigators on the morning of New Year’s Day, unsealed police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880660\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-1020x734.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-160x115.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter.png 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant had a photo of his 4-year-old daughter in his wallet when he was killed by police in 2009. Redaction done by BART police department. \u003ccite>(Via BART Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Commander White conferred with investigators from the D.A.’s Office and they made the decision to let Mehserle and his attorney see the video, according to a report written by White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After watching the video and learning that Oscar Grant had died at the hospital, Mehserle invoked his Fifth Amendment rights and refused to give a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White did discuss ordering Mehserle — an employee — to give a statement, according to her report. A compelled statement would not be usable in a criminal investigation, but it could be used administratively to determine why Mehserle shot Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But BART Command staff did not compel Mehserle to give an interview that morning. Mehserle said he was too tired to talk, according to White’s report. They allowed him to go home, and he agreed he would make a statement the next day. He did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six days later, Mehserle resigned from the police force rather than give that statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART Command staff also did not require the other officers who were on the platform at the time of the shooting, Emery Knudtson, Jonathan Guerra, Noel Flores and Jon Woffinden, to give interviews. They were instead asked to type up a statement in Microsoft Word. (BART’s regular case management system was visible to other departments.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were not questioned about the actions of Mehserle or Pirone. They were also not questioned about their own actions: Knudtson tackled Fernando Anicete, a friend of Oscar Grant’s, who allegedly threw a phone toward Domenici. Flores pulled both his taser and baton. Woffinden was Mehserle’s partner that night and also drew his baton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were eventually questioned more thoroughly by BART detectives and later by Meyers Nave investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of Oscar Grant’s friends who were with him on the platform, Fernando Anicete, Michael Greer, Jack Bryson, Nigel Bryson and Carlos Reyes were all taken to the BART police station that morning. Each was handcuffed and questioned by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were read their Miranda Rights, according to the police records, but told they weren’t under arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I was to shoot somebody on BART in their chest while they’re already down I’d be in jail right now,” Jack Bryson can be heard telling investigators. “The cops just did the same thing. So why is it different? Because he’s a cop?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the tape detectives tell Bryson that there is “no cover up” and that there is “no favoritism” in how police investigate police shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2009, BART detective Enriquez recommended that all the detainees be charged with resisting arrest, police records show. The other lead investigator, Fueng, agreed. But the records show they were overruled by command staff who did not want the recommendation forwarded to the D.A.’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five detainees went on to sue BART. The agency eventually settled with them for $175,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A Force With Bad Apples’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When another video of a police killing went viral last summer and protests against police violence once again gripped the country, Wanda Johnson felt the echoes of what had happened with her son. George Floyd was not shot, but the way he was pinned made her think of the way Pirone had held down Oscar Grant. Witnesses to Grant’s shooting said he told officers, “I can’t breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October of 2020, Johnson and her family held a press conference to ask that Grant’s case be reopened and that the District Attorney reconsider charges against Tony Pirone. Johnson said they felt the new information released with Senate Bill 1421, combined with the groundswell of protests, made it the right moment to take another look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880675\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-11880675\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tatiana Grant and Wanda Johnson at the BART Fruitvale Station during a vigil on the 10 year anniversary of Grant’s death in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>D.A. Nancy O’Malley agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in January 2021 she announced that while Pirone’s conduct was “aggressive, utterly unprofessional and disgraceful” her office could not charge him with anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at videos, we read every report,” she said. “We did everything to see if there was any legal theory that could hold Pirone accountable other than a 149.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penal Code 149 — assault under color of authority — is a misdemeanor. The statute of limitations on that charge ran out long ago. KQED’s review of hundreds of internal police records unsealed by the “Right to Know Act” reveal that officers are rarely criminally charged for potentially criminal misbehavior from perjury to sexual misconduct to improper use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar Grant lost his life and we’re sorry for that,” said the current BART Police Chief Ed Alvarez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said that the agency learned a lot of hard lessons from the killing of Oscar Grant, and that it has improved significantly in the decade since the Grant shooting by implementing reforms including body cameras, better taser training and a civilian auditor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez condemned Pirone’s actions and said they remain against policy. But, he said he personally believes that Mehserle did confuse his gun and his taser. At the same time, Alvarez credits the Meyers Nave report for many of the reforms the department has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who came in after the fact had time to, I think, process a lot more information and they look at things through different lenses,” Alvarez said of the outside investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing has not changed: investigations into shootings or officer misconduct remain in-house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said he doesn’t see any issue with this common practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Friendships are going to always be there,” Alvarez said. “So you just have to deal with it on the professional level and understand that that is your job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Cephus Johnson, Oscar Grant's uncle\"]‘It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.’[/pullquote]Grant’s uncle Cephus Johnson, who fought for the passage of “The Right to Know Act,” said it is painful to hear the missteps made by investigators in the early hours and days after his nephew’s shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, everything that we knew is actually coming to light today through just listening to these conversations,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To him, it is proof that police cannot police themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always said accountability and transparency we gotta have, and this is the reason why,” he added. “It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond this case, the files that have been released under the transparency law show that there is little standardization and less oversight of these internal investigations. Deadly force is overwhelmingly found to be justified and in compliance with policies, even in cases where investigators raised questions about the need for officers to shoot and kill. Investigations into sexual assault by officers do not address systemic issues that allowed those officers to abuse their power. And officers with a history of dishonesty have continued to testify in criminal cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last,” said his mother Wanda Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to change the force, you would take action on those who commit the offenses. But because you don’t take action on those who commit those offenses, you have exactly what you want — a force with bad apples on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Austin Fast contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27On+Our+Watch%27+Litigation+Reveals+New+Details+In+Police+Shooting+Of+Oscar+Grant&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw Bay Area Rapid Transit police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant's back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. Now, a lawsuit filed by NPR member station KQED has forced BART to comply with California's 2019 police transparency law, and release never-before-heard tapes from inside that investigation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700527298,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":91,"wordCount":3696},"headData":{"title":"'On Our Watch' Litigation Reveals New Details in Police Shooting of Oscar Grant | KQED","description":"One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw Bay Area Rapid Transit police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant's back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. Now, a lawsuit filed by NPR member station KQED has forced BART to comply with California's 2019 police transparency law, and release never-before-heard tapes from inside that investigation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"'On Our Watch' Litigation Reveals New Details in Police Shooting of Oscar Grant","datePublished":"2021-07-08T22:54:25.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T00:41:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"7239","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"7239","found":true},"name":"Sandhya Dirks","firstName":"Sandhya","lastName":"Dirks","slug":"sdirks","email":"sdirks@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Sandhya Dirks was the race and equity reporter at KQED. She approaches race and equity not as a beat, but as a fundamental lens for all investigative and explanatory reporting.\r\n\r\nSandhya covered policing, housing, social justice movements, and the shifting demographics of cities and suburbs.\r\n\r\nShe was the creator and co-host of the podcast American Suburb, about the transformation of suburbia into the most diverse space in American life. She was the editor for Truth Be Told, an advice show for and by people of color. \r\n\r\nHer stories about race, space, and belonging were part of KQED's So Well Spoken project, which won RNDTA's Kaleidoscope award, honoring outstanding achievements in the coverage of diversity.\r\n\r\nPrior to joining KQED in 2015, Sandhya covered the 2012 presidential election from the swing state of Iowa for Iowa Public Radio. At KPBS in San Diego, she broke the story of a sexual harassment scandal that led to the mayor's resignation.\r\n\r\nShe got her start in radio working on documentaries about Oakland that investigated the high drop-out rate in public schools and mistrust between the police and the community.\r\n\r\nSandhya lives in Oakland and believes all stories are stories about power.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0247cb15929cd4c197672fd73d45300?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"audiosand","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sandhya Dirks | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0247cb15929cd4c197672fd73d45300?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0247cb15929cd4c197672fd73d45300?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/sdirks"},{"type":"authors","id":"8676","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"8676","found":true},"name":"Sukey Lewis","firstName":"Sukey","lastName":"Lewis","slug":"slewis","email":"slewis@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Sukey Lewis is a criminal justice reporter and host of \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, a new podcast from NPR and KQED about the shadow world of police discipline. In 2018, she co-founded the California Reporting Project, a coalition of newsrooms across the state focused on obtaining previously sealed internal affairs records from law enforcement. In addition to her reporting on police accountability, Sukey has investigated the bail bonds industry, California's wildfires and the high cost of prison phone calls. Sukey earned a master's degree in journalism from the University of California at Berkeley. Send news tips to slewis@kqed.org.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"SukeyLewis","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author","edit_others_posts"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sukey Lewis | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/03fd6b21024f99d8b0a1966654586de7?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/slewis"},{"type":"authors","id":"3206","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"3206","found":true},"name":"Alex Emslie","firstName":"Alex","lastName":"Emslie","slug":"aemslie","email":"aemslie@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Senior Editor","bio":"Alex Emslie is senior editor of talent and development at KQED, where he manages dozens of early career journalists and oversees news department internships.\r\n\r\nHe is a former carpenter and proud graduate of City College of San Francisco and San Francisco State University, where he studied journalism and criminal justice before joining KQED in 2013.\r\n\r\nAlex produced investigative journalism focused on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667594/the-trials-of-marvin-mutch-video\">criminal justice\u003c/a> and policing for most of a decade. He has broken major stories about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/135682/amid-a-series-of-vallejo-police-shootings-one-officers-name-stands-out\">police use of deadly force\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10454955/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\">officer misconduct\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712239/terrorist-or-troll-judge-to-weigh-whether-oakland-man-really-intended-to-attack-bay-area\">other\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11221414/hayward-paid-159000-to-husband-of-retired-police-chief-documents-show\">high\u003c/a>-\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10622762/the-forgotten-tracking-two-homicides-in-san-francisco-public-housing\">profile\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624516/federal-agency-promoted-ranger-just-months-after-his-gun-was-stolen-and-used-in-steinle-killing\">cases\u003c/a>. He co-founded the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a> in 2019 to obtain and report on previously confidential police internal investigations. The effort produced well over 100 original stories and changed the course of multiple criminal cases.\r\n\r\nHis work has been recognized with numerous journalism awards, including a national Edward R. Murrow award for several years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688481/sfpd-officers-in-mario-woods-case-recount-shooting-in-newly-filed-depositions\">reporting\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Police shooting of Mario Woods. His \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/147854/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill\">reporting\u003c/a> on police killings of people in psychiatric crisis was cited in amicus briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court.\r\n\r\nAlex now enjoys mentoring the next generation of journalists at KQED.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"SFNewsReporter","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Alex Emslie | KQED","description":"KQED Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e691e65209f20e9da202bd730ead5663?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aemslie"},{"type":"authors","id":"222","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"222","found":true},"name":"Dan Brekke","firstName":"Dan","lastName":"Brekke","slug":"danbrekke","email":"dbrekke@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"KQED Editor and Reporter","bio":"Dan Brekke is a reporter and editor for KQED News, responsible for coverage of topics ranging from California water issues to the Bay Area's transportation challenges. In a newsroom career that began in Chicago in 1972, Dan has worked for \u003cem>The San Francisco Examiner,\u003c/em> Wired and TechTV and has been published in The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, Business 2.0, Salon and elsewhere.\r\n\r\nSince joining KQED in 2007, Dan has reported, edited and produced both radio and online features and breaking news pieces. He has shared as both editor and reporter in four Society of Professional Journalists Norcal Excellence in Journalism awards and one Edward R. Murrow regional award. He was chosen for a spring 2017 residency at the Mesa Refuge to advance his research on California salmon.\r\n\r\nEmail Dan at: \u003ca href=\"mailto:dbrekke@kqed.org\">dbrekke@kqed.org\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Twitter:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twitter.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>Facebook:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.facebook.com/danbrekke\u003c/a>\r\n\u003cstrong>LinkedIn:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke\u003c/a>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twitter":"danbrekke","facebook":null,"instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/dan.brekke/","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/danbrekke/","sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["administrator","create_posts"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"liveblog","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dan Brekke | KQED","description":"KQED Editor and Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8126230345efca3f7aa89b1a402be45?s=600&d=mm&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/danbrekke"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/finalgrant_wide-e975852f7a7910e38d96a29e7717eea38cf16446-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/finalgrant_wide-e975852f7a7910e38d96a29e7717eea38cf16446-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["black lives matter","blm","Oakland police","onourwatch","Oscar Grant","police","policing"]}},"source":"On Our Watch","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/onourwatch","nprImageAgency":"Nicole Xu for NPR","nprStoryId":"1009486885","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1009486885&profileTypeId=15&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/23/1009486885/on-our-watch-litigation-reveals-new-details-in-police-shooting-of-oscar-grant?ft=nprml&f=1009486885","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 08 Jul 2021 11:16:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 08 Jul 2021 04:00:26 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 08 Jul 2021 11:16:23 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/ourwatch/2021/07/20210708_ourwatch_on_our_watch_ep7_jn_mix_16.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1150&d=3945&p=510360&story=1009486885&t=podcast&e=1009486885&ft=nprml&f=1009486885","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11014020139-e608ba.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1150&d=3945&p=510360&story=1009486885&t=podcast&e=1009486885&ft=nprml&f=1009486885","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11880600/on-our-watch-litigation-reveals-new-details-in-police-shooting-of-oscar-grant","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/ourwatch/2021/07/20210708_ourwatch_on_our_watch_ep7_jn_mix_16.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1150&d=3945&p=510360&story=1009486885&t=podcast&e=1009486885&ft=nprml&f=1009486885","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rev. Wanda Johnson sits down on a folding chair in her driveway on a hot afternoon in June. There’s no air conditioning inside, so she’s fashioned an outside office, and pulls her chair up to a small table where a computer is perched. She’s getting ready to listen to excerpts of nearly 60 hours of newly released tapes — recordings of a police investigation that have been secret for over a decade. On those tapes is a story that’s never been fully heard before: the story of what happened after a transit cop shot her son on a Bay Area Rapid Transit platform on New Year’s Day 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw BART police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant’s back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. The event would later be depicted in the movie “Fruitvale Station,” in which Michael B. Jordan plays Grant on what would be the last day of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Rev. Wanda Johnson, Oscar Grant's mother","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But until now, no one outside the agency has actually heard what happened after the cell phone video ended. A lawsuit filed by KQED earlier this year forced BART to comply with California’s “The Right to Know Act,” a 2019 police transparency law, and release the never-before-heard tapes. The subject of a new podcast by NPR and KQED, \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, the tapes allow listeners inside that investigation for the first time, and may provide lessons for larger failings about the system that promises to hold police accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has long been clear that BART made significant missteps in the investigation of Grant’s shooting, and in the aftermath of the incident the Police Chief and two commanders retired. Mehserle would be convicted of involuntary manslaughter and serve 11 months in jail. But the long-secret files focus new attention on former BART police Officer Anthony “Tony” Pirone, who was fired for his actions on the platform but never criminally charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone was the first officer to respond to a call about a fight on the train crowded with people celebrating New Year’s. When Pirone stopped a group of young men on the platform, Grant and his friend Michael Greer jumped back on the train. Pirone removed Greer from the train and threw him on the ground. After Grant tried to stand up to intervene, Pirone repeatedly hit Grant. The crowd began yelling at Pirone and his partner, objecting to their handling of the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-11880661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant’s mother Rev. Wanda Johnson listens during a press conference in Oakland on Monday, Jan. 11, 2021, after Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley announced she would not file new charges against BART police Officer Anthony Pirone. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Five more BART officers, including Johannes Mehserle, responded to calls for backup. Mehserle attempted to handcuff Grant as Pirone held Grant down with his knee. When he could not get Grant’s hands, Mehserle pulled out his gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seven minutes of Pirone arriving on the platform, Oscar Grant was fatally shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing happened to him and that’s what’s so disheartening and so upsetting to me. This man (started) an event that spiraled out of control, (and) caused my son to lose his life,” Johnson says, as she listens to the tapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Mehserle nor Pirone agreed to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Close Personal Relationship’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The internal documents and tapes show that BART’s criminal investigators and leaders repeatedly missed opportunities to question officers, limiting the scope and potentially the outcome of both the criminal and administrative investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after the shot was fired, BART police officers put out a call for medical assistance and backup over the radio. What they didn’t broadcast was that an officer was the shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to basically put two and two together and figure out it was an officer-involved shooting on my own,” one Oakland police officer would later tell investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BART detective who responded to the initial call, Joel Enriquez, also had to wait for another officer to clarify that the incident was a police shooting. Enriquez can be heard in recordings from that night telling another officer that he wished he could review the policy manual so he could be better prepared to investigate the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez was also close to two of the primary officers involved in the incident, Johannes Mehserle and Tony Pirone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to put it on record that I have a close, personal and working relationship with you, Tony,” Enriquez, addressing Pirone, said on the Jan. 1, 2009, tape, recorded less than an hour after Grant died in an Oakland hospital. “And I want to make sure that you’re okay with me interviewing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I’m fine with that,” Pirone replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the initial interview with Pirone, Enriquez fails to ask key questions about the officer’s repeated use of force, and does not challenge or ask Pirone to explain his assertion that he was himself on the verge of using deadly force and in fear for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone’s partner, Officer Marysol Domenici, told investigators that she felt the crowd on the platform was so threatening after Mehserle shot Grant that she was ready to open fire herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I knew, you know, it’s us or them — the crowd,” she said during a Jan. 7, 2009, interview. Because she only had two taser cartridges, she said, she thought she’d have to “start shooting people… I started thinking, Jesus, I’m going to have to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside law firm BART hired to take over the internal affairs inquiry later concluded that both officers exaggerated or lied about their level of fear during the incident in an attempt to justify their actions. Both were fired, though Domenici won her job back after an appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Strategic Decision\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just a week into the shooting inquiry, BART investigators did start to raise questions about Pirone’s violent behavior, police reports show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one report, BART Police Commander Maria White noted that eight days after the killing, one of the department’s internal affairs investigators, Sgt. David Chlebowski, alerted her to a witness video on a local TV website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Chlebowski and several unnamed BART detectives, “voiced concern” over Pirone’s actions depicted in the tape, White wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she “told the detective unit members that their primary focus was the homicide investigation,” delaying a probe into Pirone’s actions, police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She waited a month — until several days after BART obtained a copy of the video from the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office — before ordering BART Det. Alan Fueng to open a criminal investigation into Pirone’s use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In subsequent police reports, Fueng described interviewing Pirone and his partner, Domenici, the night of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of his inquiry was a “brief summary report.” On March 20, 2009, the report was submitted, “without recommendation,” to the D.A.’s Office “for their review and disposition.” Pirone was never charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880665\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1536x1078.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors lay on the ground and yell “don’t shoot” in a demonstration held outside Oakland City Hall on January 14, 2009, to protest the police killing of Oscar Grant. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley said in an interview with KQED and NPR that not charging Pirone was a strategic decision. Her office wanted to build the strongest possible case against Mehserhle, which meant using Pirone as a witness, she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a key witness in this because he started the whole thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2009, under intense public pressure, BART hired an outside law firm called Meyers Nave to do an internal affairs investigation of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART’s board decided to hire Meyers Nave “because it felt it was critical that the public would have confidence in an independent investigation conducted by a well-respected, experienced law firm,” according to a statement from a spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Meyers Nave report, which was unsealed by “The Right to Know” Act or Senate Bill 1421 in 2019, found that Pirone’s aggressive behavior on the platform broke policy and escalated the situation, rather than taking control of the situation in a way that ensured public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tapes show that Meyers Nave investigators asked Pirone to explain why he used racial epithets in an exchange with Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I specifically remember him telling me about his 4-year-old daughter and how he respects the police. I said, ‘Then why are you giving us a bad time?'” Pirone said to Meyers Nave investigators. “That’s when he says, well, ‘You’re a bitch ass n*****.’ And I said, ‘You’re calling me a bitch ass n*****, you know, that type of thing. And he said, ‘yeah.’ And then I said, ‘Bitch ass, n***** huh?’ I think that’s when Mehserle comes over and pushes him down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone was, in large part, responsible for setting the events in motion that created a chaotic and tense situation on the platform, setting the stage, even if inadvertent, for the shooting of Oscar Grant,” the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyers Nave also found that Pirone’s statements about his grounds for detaining Grant, his own actions and uses of force shifted across multiple interviews and were contradicted by witness and video evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this report, Pirone was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone is currently serving the California Army National Guard. He’s a Special Forces Communications Sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone is a highly decorated soldier with many awards and has been in the military since 1997,” a spokesman for the National Guard wrote in an email. He declined to answer further questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I Thought He Had a Gun’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The recordings also refocus attention on Mehserle’s controversial explanation for the shooting and his ultimate defense at trial — that he meant to draw a taser, not his semiautomatic pistol, and that the shooting was unintentional. (Both Pirone and Carlos Reyes, one of the men detained on the platform, later said they heard Mehserle announce he was going to tase Grant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Mehserle’s criminal trial, the jury believed his explanation and convicted him of involuntary manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Meyers Nave report, released in 2019 after the passage of Senate Bill 1421, came to a different conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can be seen trying to draw (his gun) at least two times and on the final occasion can be seen looking back at his hand on the gun/holster to watch the gun come out,” it reads. When Mehserle fired, the report found, Oscar Grant had his hands behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s lawyer Michael Rains disputed this finding in an interview with NPR and KQED, calling the Meyers Nave analysis “flawed” and based on a single frame of video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s probably one one thousandth of a second,” Rains said. “He doesn’t process, ‘I’m looking at my gun.’ That’s ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the newly-released records also include statements of BART officers whom Mehserle confided in after the shooting. They tell investigators Mehserle said he believed Grant was going for a gun and never mentioned his taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Foreman, a senior BART police officer who served as emotional support for Mehserle in the hours after the shooting, told investigators that he spoke to Mehserle every day in the week after he shot Grant. “Every so often he’ll just say, ‘I thought he had a gun, you know, I thought he had a gun,'” Foreman said during a Jan. 9, 2009, interview. He added that Mehserle frequently broke down weeping during these conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have an answer for that,” Rains said when asked why Mehserle didn’t tell Foreman that he’d meant to use his taser. Rains said his client was in “horrible shape emotionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was both an embarrassing failure and a shameful failure on his part,” Rains said. “And that’s the way he felt for days, for weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreman and three other officers testified at trial that in the days after the shooting Mehserle did not mention anything about the taser or that it was a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I’d Be in Jail Right Now’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that Mehserle’s defense remains in question could come down to decisions made by BART Command staff in those early hours after the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s Legal Defense Fund lawyer David Mastagni asked to review the bystander video of the shooting before his client provided a statement to investigators on the morning of New Year’s Day, unsealed police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880660\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-1020x734.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-160x115.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter.png 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant had a photo of his 4-year-old daughter in his wallet when he was killed by police in 2009. Redaction done by BART police department. \u003ccite>(Via BART Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Commander White conferred with investigators from the D.A.’s Office and they made the decision to let Mehserle and his attorney see the video, according to a report written by White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After watching the video and learning that Oscar Grant had died at the hospital, Mehserle invoked his Fifth Amendment rights and refused to give a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White did discuss ordering Mehserle — an employee — to give a statement, according to her report. A compelled statement would not be usable in a criminal investigation, but it could be used administratively to determine why Mehserle shot Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But BART Command staff did not compel Mehserle to give an interview that morning. Mehserle said he was too tired to talk, according to White’s report. They allowed him to go home, and he agreed he would make a statement the next day. He did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six days later, Mehserle resigned from the police force rather than give that statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART Command staff also did not require the other officers who were on the platform at the time of the shooting, Emery Knudtson, Jonathan Guerra, Noel Flores and Jon Woffinden, to give interviews. They were instead asked to type up a statement in Microsoft Word. (BART’s regular case management system was visible to other departments.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were not questioned about the actions of Mehserle or Pirone. They were also not questioned about their own actions: Knudtson tackled Fernando Anicete, a friend of Oscar Grant’s, who allegedly threw a phone toward Domenici. Flores pulled both his taser and baton. Woffinden was Mehserle’s partner that night and also drew his baton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were eventually questioned more thoroughly by BART detectives and later by Meyers Nave investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of Oscar Grant’s friends who were with him on the platform, Fernando Anicete, Michael Greer, Jack Bryson, Nigel Bryson and Carlos Reyes were all taken to the BART police station that morning. Each was handcuffed and questioned by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were read their Miranda Rights, according to the police records, but told they weren’t under arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I was to shoot somebody on BART in their chest while they’re already down I’d be in jail right now,” Jack Bryson can be heard telling investigators. “The cops just did the same thing. So why is it different? Because he’s a cop?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the tape detectives tell Bryson that there is “no cover up” and that there is “no favoritism” in how police investigate police shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2009, BART detective Enriquez recommended that all the detainees be charged with resisting arrest, police records show. The other lead investigator, Fueng, agreed. But the records show they were overruled by command staff who did not want the recommendation forwarded to the D.A.’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five detainees went on to sue BART. The agency eventually settled with them for $175,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A Force With Bad Apples’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When another video of a police killing went viral last summer and protests against police violence once again gripped the country, Wanda Johnson felt the echoes of what had happened with her son. George Floyd was not shot, but the way he was pinned made her think of the way Pirone had held down Oscar Grant. Witnesses to Grant’s shooting said he told officers, “I can’t breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October of 2020, Johnson and her family held a press conference to ask that Grant’s case be reopened and that the District Attorney reconsider charges against Tony Pirone. Johnson said they felt the new information released with Senate Bill 1421, combined with the groundswell of protests, made it the right moment to take another look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880675\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-11880675\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tatiana Grant and Wanda Johnson at the BART Fruitvale Station during a vigil on the 10 year anniversary of Grant’s death in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>D.A. Nancy O’Malley agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in January 2021 she announced that while Pirone’s conduct was “aggressive, utterly unprofessional and disgraceful” her office could not charge him with anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at videos, we read every report,” she said. “We did everything to see if there was any legal theory that could hold Pirone accountable other than a 149.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penal Code 149 — assault under color of authority — is a misdemeanor. The statute of limitations on that charge ran out long ago. KQED’s review of hundreds of internal police records unsealed by the “Right to Know Act” reveal that officers are rarely criminally charged for potentially criminal misbehavior from perjury to sexual misconduct to improper use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar Grant lost his life and we’re sorry for that,” said the current BART Police Chief Ed Alvarez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said that the agency learned a lot of hard lessons from the killing of Oscar Grant, and that it has improved significantly in the decade since the Grant shooting by implementing reforms including body cameras, better taser training and a civilian auditor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez condemned Pirone’s actions and said they remain against policy. But, he said he personally believes that Mehserle did confuse his gun and his taser. At the same time, Alvarez credits the Meyers Nave report for many of the reforms the department has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who came in after the fact had time to, I think, process a lot more information and they look at things through different lenses,” Alvarez said of the outside investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing has not changed: investigations into shootings or officer misconduct remain in-house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said he doesn’t see any issue with this common practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Friendships are going to always be there,” Alvarez said. “So you just have to deal with it on the professional level and understand that that is your job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Cephus Johnson, Oscar Grant's uncle","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Grant’s uncle Cephus Johnson, who fought for the passage of “The Right to Know Act,” said it is painful to hear the missteps made by investigators in the early hours and days after his nephew’s shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, everything that we knew is actually coming to light today through just listening to these conversations,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To him, it is proof that police cannot police themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always said accountability and transparency we gotta have, and this is the reason why,” he added. “It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond this case, the files that have been released under the transparency law show that there is little standardization and less oversight of these internal investigations. Deadly force is overwhelmingly found to be justified and in compliance with policies, even in cases where investigators raised questions about the need for officers to shoot and kill. Investigations into sexual assault by officers do not address systemic issues that allowed those officers to abuse their power. And officers with a history of dishonesty have continued to testify in criminal cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last,” said his mother Wanda Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to change the force, you would take action on those who commit the offenses. But because you don’t take action on those who commit those offenses, you have exactly what you want — a force with bad apples on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Austin Fast contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27On+Our+Watch%27+Litigation+Reveals+New+Details+In+Police+Shooting+Of+Oscar+Grant&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11880600/on-our-watch-litigation-reveals-new-details-in-police-shooting-of-oscar-grant","authors":["7239","8676","3206","222"],"programs":["news_33521"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8","news_33520"],"tags":["news_19971","news_28097","news_412","news_29466","news_147","news_116","news_20625"],"featImg":"news_11880601","label":"source_news_11880600","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. 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Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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