The home at 16380 Bluejay Lane, where human trafficking victims were allegedly held, in Willits on May 12, 2016. (Andrew Burton/The Center for Investigative Reporting)
This story was part of a special edition of KQED's The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more atrevealnews.org and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, atrevealnews.org/podcast.
The trees towered above them, limbs etched in black against the night sky. He steered his pickup down a narrow path of mud and rocks and parked in front of a trailer. He tried to kiss her. She froze.
“What are you doing?” she asked.
“I have to get up early,” she said.
He began groping her body.
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“Don’t you have a wife?” she asked.
The woods seemed to crawl with creatures; the ground was slick with rain. As wilderness pulsed around them, she ran through the possibilities.
If she fled, would she find her way out? If she fought back, would he hurt her?
Would anyone hear her if she screamed?
Listen to the special edition of The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigation Reporting:
In the Emerald Triangle, trees are ever present. They peek over small towns and dip into valleys, sheathing this cluster of remote Northern California counties in silence.
For decades, the ancient forests here have provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry, shielding pot farmers from convention, outsiders and law enforcement.
But the forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation. Some have spoken out; a handful have pressed charges. Most have confided only in private.
Students from the nearest college, Humboldt State University, return from a summer of trimming marijuana buds with tales of being forced to give their boss a blow job to get paid. Other “trimmigrants,” who typically work during the June-to-November harvest, recount offers of higher wages to trim topless.
During one harvest season, two growers began having sex with their teenage trimmer. When they feared she would run away, they locked her inside an oversized toolbox with breathing holes.
Contact with law enforcement is rare and, female trimmigrants say, rarely satisfying.
Verifying their stories is as difficult as finding your way through the forest at night, down twisty dirt roads, to one of the backwoods marijuana farms. During months of reporting in the region, Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting unearthed dozens of accounts of sexual exploitation, abuse and trafficking. Victims’ advocates say the problem is far larger and, with every harvest, continues to grow.
“Women believe they are getting hired for trimming work, and then they’re drugged and raped,” said Maryann Hayes Mariani, a coordinator for the North Coast Rape Crisis Team. “Everybody looks at (the region) like it’s the Land of Oz. I’m just so tired of pretending like it’s not happening here.”
Yet law enforcement repeatedly has failed to investigate abuse and sexual violence in the industry. Instead, officers mostly focus on what they view as the root cause of the problem: the drug trade.
In the rural counties of Northern California, marijuana is still a largely underground industry, worth billions. Last year, legal California sales alone were valued at $2.7 billion, according to The ArcView Group, a marijuana market research firm. Sales are projected to balloon to $6.4 billion by 2020 if marijuana is legalized for recreational use. It’s big business, drawing busloads of job seekers.
The number of trimmigrants who go missing alone is overwhelming for law enforcement, fueling an epidemic of the lost. In 2015, Humboldt County reported 352 missing people, more per capita than any other county in the state.
When an artist from San Francisco disappeared in the Humboldt County town of Garberville last harvest season, her mother and roommate filed a missing persons report. Months later, she resurfaced to tell her family she had been held against her will on a marijuana farm, drugged and sexually abused. She never formally reported her abuse.
But at the time of her disappearance, the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Officehad labeled her a “voluntary missing adult.” They flagged the case as a low priority.
“Many people come to Humboldt each year to work on the marijuana farms,” the deputy who took the report told her roommate in an email. “So far she is falling into the same category as many others have.”
In addition to women and girls who come of their own volition to trim, others are brought in specifically to provide sex services. Come harvest season, escorts flood these rural areas, drawn to the large population of male growers and laborers who spend months at a time alone on isolated mountain farms.
Ron Prose, an investigator for the Eureka Police Department, said sex traffickers know law enforcement agencies have little interest in cracking down on them. None of the county agencies surveyed by Reveal have investigators assigned to human trafficking. Prose himself is semi-retired; he investigates trafficking cases when he has time.
For women, the dangers are due in part to the gender dynamics in the industry. Growing is a male-dominated field, and many growers prefer to hire female trimmers. Several told Reveal that they believe women are more dexterous, making them more efficient workers. Others are looking for company.
“Some of these younger guys don’t have regular relationships because they’re out in the hills growing weed, but they still want a girl,” Prose said. “It sounds kind of crude, but they seek female companionship.”
Of course, many marijuana farms are responsible operations. Most workers describe good experiences, including excellent pay, food and shelter. Many also welcome the unusual working conditions of an industry long at odds with mainstream culture and the law. Drug use on the job, for instance, is common.
In November, California voters will decide whether to fully legalize recreational marijuana. But such use remains illegal under federal and most state laws, and the culture of silence is so embedded in the state’s industry – the nation’s top black market supplier – it seems unlikely that legalization alone will dramatically alter the landscape for women toiling deep in the Emerald Triangle.
“There’s a lot of wilderness here, and dirt roads and acres of forest,” said Amy Benitez, a victims’ advocate in Humboldt County. “There’s a lot of nooks and crannies you can hide in. You add this criminal element to it, where there’s money, and there’s just more ways that you can abuse power and control.”
Saturday, Oct. 18, 2014
That power imbalance is what ensnared a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician who arrived in one of the mountain towns in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. In Petrolia, Terri – not her real name – found a world apart from her hometown in the Los Angeles Basin.
Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County, hidden behind a curtain of redwoods and Douglas fir trees. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. It’s about two hours down crumbling cliffside roads to the nearest highway. Most locals live in the surrounding mountains, overlooking the forested valley and black sand beaches of the last undeveloped stretch of California known as the Lost Coast.
“I like to think of Petrolia as this little town hanging off the edge of the world,” said Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a former resident who became Terri’s therapist. “At night, you’ve never seen so many stars.”
Nearly everyone in Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. But like other small towns dotting the Emerald Triangle, in the past decade, more and more people have moved in. Greenhouses have sprung up, enabling industrial-scale marijuana growing. Larger farms have drawn more workers from outside the area.
At first, Terri did not have a job. An acquaintance introduced her to Cedar McCulloch-Clow and Emily Herman, a married couple with two children, a horde of chickens and goats, and a bicycle-strewn junkyard. Terri set up a tent in the couple’s yard, plunked down her violin and camping gear and began looking for work.
She also set about working her way into the community. She went to the weekly farmers market at the community center and ran and biked in the annual Rye and Tide, a 7 1/2-mile race that begins with a swig of whiskey outside the town bar.
Terri found a couple of trimming jobs, including for Sam Epperson and his partner, Rachel Adair. Their operation was far smaller than the region’s newer marijuana fields – known as grows – and had a vegetable garden and turkey coop.
Terri and three other trimmers sat in a row of swivel office chairs in a wood-paneled trimming shack. They wore aprons to keep from tracking loose leaves into the house and carefully tallied the weight of their work – they would be paid $200 a pound – with pencil and paper.
Epperson, quiet and bespectacled with a mop of graying curls, prepared fresh food and drinks for the workers. Every day, he offered them an organic chocolate bar.
One night, on the concrete patio of the town bar – the Yellow Rose – Terri met a grower named Kailan Meserve. He was twice her age, tan and muscular, with a swagger and salt-and-pepper hair. Meserve mentioned he needed trimmers and bought her a beer. A friend of Terri’s, Katie Finnegan, went inside to buy another drink. When Finnegan returned, Terri had disappeared.
Inside, the bar is a bright, airy space with pristine off-white walls and a polished beige floor – a contrast with its often grungy clientele. One side of the bar is lined with light metal cafe tables, the other with pool tables and arcade games. The darkest part of the bar is to the left of the dartboard, a long dim hallway to the single-stall women’s restroom.
About 45 minutes after Finnegan lost track of Terri, court records show she found her unconscious in that bathroom, her pants around her ankles. Terri appeared to have fallen and hit the sink on her way down.
Terri remembered almost nothing about the night. She was concerned something had happened with Meserve. But back on the grow, Epperson and Adair put her at ease: Meserve was a captain of the volunteer fire department, the son of a prominent local environmental activist and politician. Meserve, they said, was married with toddler twins.
“He’s a good guy,” Epperson recalled telling her.
The couple still had work for Terri, but on their small-scale grow, the harvest wouldn’t last long. They encouraged her to take up Meserve on his offer of a trimming job.
That was advice Epperson now says he deeply regrets.
Conservative ranchers and loggers dominated the small population of the Emerald Triangle when hippies began arriving en masse in the late 1960s. They were a diverse bunch, from tree-sitting activists to disillusioned Vietnam veterans.
Kailan Meserve’s father came to Humboldt County as part of the “back to the land” movement. His first home was a teepee on the Mattole River. Later, he built a house in Petrolia, where he, his wife and children lived on wind and solar power, grew produce and raised their own goats, cows and chickens.
At first, marijuana was a recreational drug, grown mostly for personal use. It didn’t stay that way for long. Growers realized they could better support themselves and their families by selling pot on the black market. The climate was ideal, the woods and mountains isolated enough to conceal the illicit crop. The American-grown marijuana industry was born.
From the outset, the children of these growers had more difficulties than their parents. The Summer of Love was over. Across the community, alcohol and drug abuse was rampant. So was law enforcement.
The threat of raids constantly loomed over the Meserve household, threatening to pull the family apart. According to Meserve’s sister, Amy, their parents began using cocaine and alcohol and exploded into constant fights.
“It just got really crazy,” she recalled. “Kailan pretty much raised us.”
When federal Operation Green Sweep touched down in Petrolia in 1990, soldiers flew helicopters overhead and officers confronted families in their homes with M16 rifles. Children learned to lie about the reality of their lives.
“I still have PTSD,” said Sam Epperson, who grew up on a marijuana farm in eastern Humboldt County. “I can hear choppers flying from miles away.”
With law enforcement crackdowns came higher black market prices and greater risks. To protect their crops from theft, many farmers began to carry guns and booby-trap their properties. Residents dealt with crime themselves, avoiding law enforcement whenever possible.
In 1996, California became the first state in the country to legalize medical marijuana. But the law failed to limit the amount of marijuana that could be grown, and law enforcement had no way to determine which plants were cultivated for medical purposes or for profit. Crime and black market growing in the Emerald Triangle soared, including by growers with connections to organized crime, vastly eclipsing local law enforcement’s efforts to stop it.
Lt. Wayne Hanson of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office put it simply: “We lost the drug war many years ago.”
The turmoil prompted some of the children to leave. Kailan Meserve was among the many who stayed. He became a stonemason, specializing in fireplaces, and grew pot on the side.
The “green rush” hit Petrolia in 2010. With California voters considering full legalization, new growers poured into town hoping to get rich. The hippie haven was about to go mainstream.
The law did not pass, but according to friends, Meserve decided that if anyone was going to make money peddling pot, it was going to be him.
“He viewed himself as having that hometown advantage,” Cedar McCulloch-Clow said.
Locals noticed the change. At a party a few years ago, therapist Jenoa Briar-Bonpane recalls looking over the edge of a mountain ridge and spotting two new grow operations below. “Where did those come from?” she wondered. Someone said they belonged to Meserve, and he became the talk of the party.
“There was a sense of, ‘Wow, he’s really blowing things up,’ ” Briar-Bonpane said.
As a big employer in town, and a local, Meserve enjoyed a trust not afforded to outsiders, including a freedom from consequences, according to friends. He’d always had a brash demeanor and a reputation for hitting on women – even after he married in 2001. Over time, those who knew him said he seemed to sink deeper into drugs and alcohol. He was convicted three times for driving under the influence, according to court records, and got into a car crash that seriously injured him and his wife.
He “got a little big for his britches,” Amy Meserve said, “and lost his filter completely.”
None of it seemed to slow down Meserve. His business expanded, and the trimmigrants who showed up in Petrolia looking for work were thankful for it.
Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014
Terri saw Kailan Meserve again at a pingpong tournament. He was one of the few entrusted with a key to the community center and had set up the tables.
Meserve offered to buy Terri drinks several times, according to investigators – and each time, she declined. Around 10 p.m., he asked if she had to time to talk, she recalled, “to clear things up.” He offered to give her a ride home. It was rainy, and without sidewalks and streetlights, a walk home in Petrolia could be treacherous. She agreed. She figured she might also ask him about a job.
Terri was staying about 2 miles from the community center. But Meserve went the opposite direction, turning right toward a dark mass of trees.
“Where are we going?” she asked.
“I just want to show you where my property is,” she remembers him saying.
Terri started to get a “weird feeling,” according to court records. She told him she had to get up early. He ignored her and continued down the road, turning right again at a metal gate and entering a narrow dirt path into a thicket of towering eucalyptus. Finally, they came to a trailer and stopped. He tried to kiss her. She froze.
“What are you doing?” she asked. “Don’t you have a wife?”
Her mind spun through the possibilities. Could she find her way back if she ran? Would he chase her? Hurt her? Would anyone hear her if she screamed?
It was happening so fast and she could hardly see. Everything outside the beam of the headlights was flooded in black.
Terri declined to be interviewed for this story, but she encouraged friends and community members to open up and gave permission for her therapist, Briar-Bonpane, to speak as well.
“Taking her to a place that was dark, forested, unknown to her,” Briar-Bonpane said, “it’s the most terrifying situation for a woman who’s with a scary man.”
Meserve asked her to go inside. Terri climbed out of the truck and walked into the trailer. She remembers a small kitchen and a bedroom with a bare mattress. Over the next few hours, according to records, Meserve repeatedly penetrated her and forced her to perform oral sex until she gagged.
He held down her arms and at one point throttled her neck. When she began gasping for air, he told her she was “weak and couldn’t take it.” She didn’t scream. The more violent he was, she’d later tell the investigators, the more excited he seemed to become.
“I’m going to make you my bitch,” she recalls him saying, according to court records. He threatened to kill her, freeze her body and throw her to the animals if he ever found out she had slept with anyone else.
Many trimmigrants begin their journey about two hours southeast of Petrolia, in a small strip of a town at the hub of California’s outdoor growing economy. Garberville is surrounded on all sides by mountains of towering redwoods and lined with the kinds of businesses sustained by disposable income, including a spa and a motorcycle dealership. Next door, in Redway, there’s even a pet salon.
Come harvest season, trimmigrants arrive from all over the country and world – college students and artists, working professionals and tourists, homeless hippies and other wanderers. Without connections, they crowd the sidewalks as though on the floor of an auction house, jockeying for jobs with homemade signs. Others camp along the river or in the woods until they find work or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars or volunteering at one of the area’s many marijuana-funded nonprofits.
With marijuana fetching black market prices, they expect wages far higher than typical migrant farmworkers – as much as $300 a day, depending on how fast they work. A successful season can fund months of travel, and the experience itself can be an adventure, harkening back to the drug-infused journeys of Grateful Dead fans.
“A lot of cocaine, a lot of Ecstasy, a lot of meth, a lot of heroin,” said Terri’s former employer Rachel Adair. “It’s like a big party.”
But trimmigrants also stumble into a treacherous landscape, both on and off the job. Many locals despise their presence, the trash, the carousing on sidewalks – and the negative impact on tourism. Members of a Garberville group called Locals on Patrol take photographs, check identification and tell people to move on. Anti-trimmigrant bumper stickers have proliferated. “No Work Here, Keep Moving,” they read.
Trimmigrants also serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market – ranging from robberies to law enforcement stings. As a result, some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working. Workers and advocates say growers sometimes blindfold trimmers before driving to plots deep in the mountains, locations so remote that they often lack cell service and public transportation.
When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. Even those who complete the job might never get paid.
At 38 years old, Amy Jarose is among the most experienced trimmigrants. One time, she was working on a farm in the mountains when, she said, the grower began to pressure her for blow jobs and sex. She immediately left on foot, without pay.
“You hitchhike,” Jarose said. “You pack up your bags and hit the road and hope to God a really good person will pick you up.”
Growers often target women for trimming jobs; male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.
Some women exploit the demand. On Craigslist during the last harvest season, aspiring trimmers posted photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, accompanied by winking emoticons. One advertisement, offering “Oriental female trimmers,” included the phone number of a sensual massage parlor in Los Angeles. On a community bulletin board in downtown Garberville, a pink lace garter belt adorned one ad, while another read, “We love to cook … and much more.”
Deanna Hirschi once worked as a trimmer but said she soon realized she could earn more by offering sex for pay. She met growers at motels in Garberville or sometimes hours into the mountains.
“The guys on the hills pay $500 an hour,” she said, three or four times the amount she might get in a city. “They’re stuck up on a hill and they come down from the hill for one day, and they’ve got hundreds of thousands of dollars in their pocket.”
The demand for female companionship has contributed to sex trafficking in these rural areas from all over the country and world, including from Mexico and Eastern Europe, according to social service providers and victims.
One local trafficking survivor, who goes by the name Elle Snow, started a nonprofit organization to spread awareness in Humboldt County calledGame Over. To measure the demand, she posted fake escort advertisements on the classified ad website Backpage.
Within two months, Snow said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. Many came from southern Humboldt – where Garberville and Petrolia are located – an indication to Snow that many of the potential clients were involved in the marijuana industry.
“Traffickers call Humboldt County not just green for the weed, but green for the bitches,” she said, referring to the money traffickers can make selling women and sex.
Many trimmers welcome the attention, but others do not. Women pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.
Paige Radcliff and Emma Less came last season for trimming work, hoping to make enough to fund their own future harvest. During nearly 14-hour days, the two listened to Israeli folk music and bent over plastic tubs in their laps, rotating the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clipped off the stems and curly bits of leaf. “Give it a little haircut,” Radcliff said again and again, until they had piled up 6 pounds of smooth round nuggets and their fingers were coated in potent, sticky brown resin.
“If a girl comes here on her own, I wouldn’t recommend it,” Less said. Prior to finding this job, they encountered growers who hit on them – and they simply walked away.
Radcliff agreed. “Unless you can super defend yourself, or you just give off a super-intimidating vibe where dudes are scared of you.”
“Like a truck driver.”
Or a pirate.
“Exactly, just come across as, like, super peg leg.”
“Think about it,” Less said, over the steady snip of her scissors. “None of this is monitored. No one knows you’re here, not here. It’s easy for people to go missing. It’s easy for people to take advantage.”
Monday, Nov. 10, 2014
Terri showed up for work in a daze the morning after she was assaulted in the forest. Bruises covered her chest and the back of her head. As she picked up her clippers, her boss remembers, she began to cry. She told Rachel Adair that “something inappropriate” had happened with Kailan Meserve and that she was scared.
Adair – an emergency room nurse and midwife – sent Terri to Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a therapist and friend. Terri told the therapist the rest of the story.
“This is a predator,” Briar-Bonpane recalls thinking. She had treated child sex abuse and rape victims for years, but she was especially struck by how calculating Meserve sounded. “He must be stopped.”
A week later, some of Terri’s former employers called for a meeting, inviting town elders, the local doctor and friends. On a crisp November morning, about a dozen people joined Terri in the home near where she had pitched her tent. They gathered in a somber circle around a heavy oak dining table.
Cedar McCulloch-Clow, 38, with perpetual dirt under his fingernails and a baseball cap on his head, recalls feeling conflicted about the meeting. He had become friends with Terri during her many nights camping on their property. But he also had known Meserve since he was 15.
The room was tense and quiet, except for the sounds of children playing down the hall. Adair remembers wanting to ensure, first and foremost, that Terri was safe. Dr. Dick Scheinman was adamant that they call the police. Most others wanted to find an alternate solution.
Greg Smith, whose family has long grown marijuana, was among the town elders there. “There’s a lot of people who grow pot, and they have a resistance to calling the law,” he said later. “It’s kind of the Wild West in some ways.”
The ideas came in quick succession and were rejected just as quickly. Bring Meserve before a community tribunal. Send a large contingent of men to his doorstep. Gather Petrolia’s population of elderly women and have them chase after him with their shoes.
Smith decided to pay Meserve a visit at home. He urged him to admit he had a problem, show remorse and enroll in therapy and drug and alcohol treatment. Meserve refused, he said, describing the night in the trailer as consensual. Next, Smith approached Fire Chief Travis Howe about kicking Meserve out of the volunteer fire department.
That’s when the group learned this wasn’t the first time Meserve had been accused of rape. A year earlier, a young woman was visiting a friend of Meserve’s. After a night of partying at the Yellow Rose bar, the 31-year-old woman said, Meserve came into her room while she was sleeping and forced himself on her. When he couldn’t maintain an erection, he left, but soon came back and tried again.
The woman never filed a police report, and only a few people in town knew. Howe was one of them.
Howe said he had confronted Meserve, who told him it was consensual. “He messed up terribly, cheating on his wife,” Howe said. “He needed to get spanked.” When Meserve promised to do better, Howe kept him on as a fire captain.
Now the group realized Terri’s experience was not an isolated incident. It was a pattern of behavior.
One week had passed since Terri’s assault. She had expressed little interest in contacting law enforcement. But the group thought something had to be done for the safety of other women.
They asked her to take a step many rape victims dread: Would she call the police?
For victims of sexual assault, the answer often lies beneath layers of fear and shame. Rape usually goes unreported, but trimmigrants face particular pressure to avoid law enforcement. Calling police may rule out future jobs in the industry, especially if that contact alerts police to an illegal grow.
“Hell no, you don’t call the cops on anybody for anything if you want to work in Humboldt,” said Karen Bejcek, a trimmigrant who usually lives in a teepee in Siskiyou County when she’s not trimming.
Other conditions in pot country prevent victims from seeking any kind of help. Trimmigrants often lack the local connections or even the know-how to successfully navigate their way out of the wild, wooded terrain.
Because many work on illegal grows, they suspect law enforcement won’t do anything anyway. And because the industry attracts a young and transient workforce, victims – who may come with their own troubled histories – do not always recognize they are being abused.
One teen from Humboldt County said she started working for a local grower when she was 12. He gave her methamphetamine to speed up her trimming work, she said, and passed her around to pay off his debts.
“If you’re tweaking, you’re good,” she said, touting her trimming prowess. “I did, like, a couple pounds in like one night.”
The girl eventually ran away, reaching a youth homeless shelter in the county seat of Eureka, only to discover that pimps were using it as a hunting ground. At 14, she said, she became their recruiter.
She wasn’t the only one. At least two other shelter residents said men used them to recruit other teens, according to a report later submitted to the state Department of Social Services. The shelter’s executive director, Patt Sweeney, said he was aware teens in the program had been trafficked for sex.
“We’ve made reports to law enforcement,” he said. “It’s just very hard to prosecute.”
In exchange for alcohol and marijuana, the girl brought other teens to parties at local motels, where they were given drugs and alcohol and had sex, sometimes by force. She said the parties drew growers and gang members involved in marijuana distribution. Because she brought girls, she said she was never assaulted – and the music and dancing could be fun. But she doesn’t remember much.
“I was always drunk,” she said with a shrug. “And then we’d just go buy more drugs.”
Many of the girls she met at the shelter and parties also traveled south to trim on marijuana farms. Once there, she said, some found they were expected to do more than trim.
The sales pitch to young girls is common in pot country, according to Leah Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka that housed the girl. “They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim.”
In 2013, federal prosecutors said two growers picked up a 15-year-old runaway in Hollywood and took her to their farm in Lake County, near Humboldt. They directed her to trim marijuana and have sex with them, sometimes while chained to a metal rack.
In interviews with police after a raid of the farm, the girl described the sex with one of the men as consensual. Sex with the other grower was “not as consensual.”
But she was not free to leave: To keep her from fleeing, the men put her inside an oversized metal toolbox with breathing holes for several days, according to court records, using a garden hose to clean out her waste. The men also shocked the girl with a cattle prod and told her she would be shot by neighbors if she attempted to leave, an employee later told police.
Local prosecutors charged the men with human trafficking, the first case of its kind in the county. But when federal authorities took over the case, the trafficking charge was dropped. The men are expected to plead guilty later this year on charges of illegal marijuana cultivation and employing a minor in a drug operation.
Sunday, Nov. 23, 2014
A deputy sheriff from Humboldt County, Michael Hass, had Terri recount the entire story of her assault over the phone before telling her she had to come in person to make a report – a nearly two-hour drive. The community group that had encouraged her to report made the arrangements. Jenoa Briar-Bonpane went along.
When they arrived at the county sheriff’s office in Eureka, they walked through the metal detector, down a beige cinder-block hallway to a dimly lit window in the waiting room, Briar-Bonpane recalls. They told the receptionist they were there to see Hass.
After several minutes passed, Hass swung open the door, barely making eye contact with Terri. He told her to follow him, but barred Briar-Bonpane from joining her. She told him it was common practice for an advocate to accompany a sexual assault victim to make a report. According to Briar-Bonpane, Hass refused.
Asked about the account, Hass said he did not know that Briar-Bonpane was an advocate and he objected to the many complaints the sheriff’s office later received about his work.
“There were the same complaints that we weren’t taking it seriously and the investigation wasn’t up to the people of Petrolia’s standards,” he said. “From my standpoint, it got handled very seriously.”
Terri agreed to make the report anyway. Hass took her into an empty room and pushed a typed statement based on her telephone account in front of her, Briar-Bonpane said. Terri signed it, and five minutes later, they returned to the waiting room.
“Can you tell us when you’re going to pick him up?” Briar-Bonpane remembers asking, referring to Kailan Meserve.
To file her report, Terri was told she had to come in person. It turned out the same trip was not required of Meserve, Briar-Bonpane said. To her surprise, Hass told her deputies already had interviewed Meserve in Petrolia. Meserve had told them the same story he had told others: The night in the trailer was consensual.
Reveal could not find any record that the deputies ever searched the trailer, and Meserve’s sister, Amy, confirmed that they never did.
“No one in town seems concerned about him,” Hass said, according to Briar-Bonpane. “We’re not going to arrest him. There’s no evidence.”
The news left the group back in Petrolia shocked – and Terri terrified. While she moved from home to home and finally to a motel outside of town, the group began to deluge the sheriff’s office with emails and phone calls. Terri’s friend Katie Finnegan took a day off work to file a complaint with the office about its handling of the case. Residents sent letters to the district attorney, complaining about Hass and urging that Meserve be prosecuted.
“Please do not let this go without a thorough investigation and arrest,” Dick Scheinman, the town doctor, wrote to then-District Attorney Paul Gallegos in December 2014.
A month passed, and he emailed again: “i am not a legal beagle and am not trying to tell you how to do your job, but i feel it is most important for you to try your hardest to find out what happened.”
Meanwhile, Meserve remained in Petrolia. “I am very concerned about the safety of women in the Mattole Valley while he is present there,” Briar-Bonpane wrote to newly elected District Attorney Maggie Fleming in March 2015. “Young boys/men in the valley are watching and learning about whether or not you can sexually assault women without consequences.”
Word of Terri’s allegations reached the woman who had said Meserve raped her the year before. She felt nauseous, then angry. She blamed herself for not reporting it, “because maybe she could have prevented it from happening to the other girl,” an investigator later wrote. About a month after Terri visited Hass, the second victim decided to report her rape. Records show Hass told her to call the district attorney’s office.
The case landed on the desk of Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s investigator responsible for child abuse and sexual assault cases. She has a reputation for being thorough, going beyond the case information filed by local law enforcement. In 2014, Baxley gathered evidence that allowed the district attorney’s office to prosecute its first human trafficking case.
Time and again, Baxley had seen victims in Humboldt County “not met with the respect they deserve,” she told Reveal. In the Petrolia case, she said, both victims felt blown off by the sheriff’s office.
“It was already a big step for her to take, for her to report it,” she said of Terri. “I was really frustrated, honestly. I felt awful for the poor thing.”
Baxley immediately launched her investigation, making plans to meet Terri in person. She brought in community advocates to support Terri as she shared her story yet again.
“I tried to show her there were a lot of people who supported her and wanted to hear her truth,” Baxley said.
On April 14, 2015, prosecutors filed charges against Meserve for raping both women. Two weeks later, he surrendered.
As the marijuana industry has grown and the trimmigrant population with it, service providers have encountered increasing numbers of human trafficking victims. Humboldt Domestic Violence Services answered more than 2,000 crisis calls last year, an increase of about 80 percent in four years. Executive Director Brenda Bishop attributed the increase to a surge in sexual abuse and trafficking on marijuana grows.
Other organizations have noticed a problem, too, including the Eureka Police Department. In a survey of about 200 local homeless people, Police Chief Andrew Mills said his department discovered many were former trimmigrants who had been forced to work on marijuana farms without pay, including women who reported being required to perform sex acts.
Despite evidence of a growing problem, law enforcement has put few resources into investigations of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Instead, police have conducted stings targeting prostitutes and sometimes their pimps. And the Eureka police chief recently posed as a grower online to attract trimmers, only to warn them not to come.
One reason is that, in this spread-out rural region, there are not enough detectives to go around. In Humboldt County, the sheriff’s office is so overtaxed that many deputies are responsible for investigating crimes – a job typically left to detectives – in addition to responding to 911 calls.
“We have a detective bureau to handle the bad of the bad crimes, and they can’t even keep up with that. So our deputies are more like detectives,” Lt. Wayne Hanson said. “It’s triage.”
A Humboldt native with a bushy gray mustache, Hanson has raided marijuana farms for more than two decades. On the walls of his office are framed photographs and news clips, including one from the day after voters legalized medical marijuana in 1996. In the photograph, Hanson – with a dark brown mustache – stands next to towering piles of marijuana plants.
“This was a warehouse in downtown Eureka, where people were growing marijuana for money. That’s why marijuana is grown – for money, not for medical reasons,” Hanson said. “People are greedy.”
Hanson and other local law enforcement officials see the greed that has amplified California’s marijuana industry as a common denominator in violent and organized crimes. Hanson said many grows also cause environmental damage. As a result, marijuana has remained a high priority for them, even as federal and state authorities have pulled back.
Marijuana raids also have become a large source of revenue for local law enforcement agencies. During raids, officers have confiscated not just harvests, but also money, guns and even farming equipment.
Humboldt County law enforcement agencies made 100 seizures of property and funds last year, including from farmers who had legal permission to grow. The value of the assets totaled more than $2 million – more per capita than was pulled from the state’s 15 most populous counties combined, state data shows. Mendocino County’s marijuana eradication team receives a finder’s fee from a pool of seized funds for every case it initiates, in addition to a nearly 50 percent cut of any confiscated funds.
The result is tantamount to tunnel vision, said Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s office investigator. “They’re going in to eradicate marijuana, and they would probably tell you nothing else is happening but the drugs.”
That perspective seems to pervade law enforcement agencies across the Emerald Triangle.
In 2014, the year Terri arrived in Petrolia, a young Mexican woman arrived in nearby Mendocino County, ready to start the restaurant job she was promised. Instead, a grower – Baldemar Alvarez – put her to work on several marijuana farms, she said, and forced her to cook, clean his house and have sex with him.
The woman said Alvarez, twice her age, called her a prostitute and said she belonged to him until she reimbursed him for hiring a coyote to bring her into the country illegally. He stoked her fear, telling her she’d get lost in the woods and a bear would feast on her body if she fled.
“All the time, I had fear,” said Carmen (not her real name). “Fear, thinking, ‘If the police catch me, they’re going to arrest me. They’re not going to let me explain, they’re not going to believe me.’ ”
Eventually, Carmen persuaded Alvarez to take her to the doctor for stomach pains, she said. Once there, a nurse-midwife told her she was pregnant, and Carmen shared her story of abuse. When she returned to Alvarez, she left her address behind.
Mendocino County sheriff’s deputies picked up Carmen and the grower a few days later. Carmen was relieved. But at the station, things changed. A detective asked her whether she had made the claims just to get immigration documents, she said. Victims of sexual assault are eligible for a special kind of visa, known as a U-visa. Trafficking victims are eligible for a T-visa.
Carmen’s abuse allegations are documented in police dispatch records, a restraining order and other documents, but the full extent of the investigation is unclear. The detective involved did not respond to interview requests, and the sheriff’s office declined to provide a copy of its investigation, saying it was not yet complete.
Underscoring the he-said, she-said obstacles for law enforcement, Alvarez told Reveal that Carmen fabricated the story to get immigration papers. He told detectives he had planned to marry her. Even though she hasn’t paid him back for her illegal border crossing, he said, he has sent her money on a couple of occasions for the baby.
“This was a big misunderstanding; she’s a backstabber is what I call it,” he said, denying he had abused her or anyone else.
But another woman who had a relationship with the grower and gave birth to one of his children said he repeatedly has brought women, including herself, into the United States from Mexico and abused them. Investigators never contacted her, she said.
As the sun began to rise the morning after deputies took Carmen into custody, she said the detective told her that he had one last request. He put her in a room with Alvarez and had her confront him, to get him to confess. It didn’t work.
“Unfortunately, at this time, we do not have any evidence to detain him,” she recalled the detective saying. “Everything you say, he denies.”
The case against Kailan Meserve was unprecedented – the first time a marijuana grower in Humboldt County had been charged with raping a trimmigrant. In Petrolia, it had created a rift, causing many to question the trust they had placed in the community. Yet outside Petrolia, it captured little attention.
Aside from a local blog, no media outlets covered Meserve’s arrest.
He remained in jail briefly while the prosecutor’s office argued against allowing him to post his $2 million bail. Investigator Kyla Baxley had seen large greenhouses on several of Meserve’s properties and argued that his income had been derived illegally from the cultivation of marijuana. In the end, Meserve’s family and friends pooled funds, and he was released.
Over the next year, he enrolled in treatment for alcohol abuse, according to court records. Facebook photos show he and his family also enjoyed a Disney vacation.
Sam Epperson fell into a deep depression. He couldn’t shake the feeling that he was responsible for Terri climbing into Meserve’s truck that night. With harvest season over, Terri had left Petrolia.
Finally, on April 4, 2016, the trial date arrived. Meserve sat next to his lawyer in a courtroom in downtown Eureka, dressed in a button-down shirt and slacks. Terri had returned to take the stand.
“Is this your first time testifying in court? How do you feel about being here?” prosecutor Brie Bennett asked.
“OK,” Terri replied.
She described the night in detail. The feeling of panic, the sexual acts, the violence. She answered questions from the defense attorney about her sex life in Petrolia and a shoplifting conviction from years ago. At one point, her voice began to crack, and she wiped tears from behind her black-framed glasses. Her voice grew faint.
The judge leaned over. “Please speak up,” he said.
The other victim described waking up the morning after the assault, crying and sore. She told her friend she had to go, according to court records, and began the long drive back to San Francisco, making stops to throw up along the way.
On the stand, Meserve denied having a drug problem and called his encounters with Terri and the other woman consensual. Everyone was drunk, he said. No one ever told him to stop.
“Did she say she wanted to go to the trailer?” the prosecutor asked about Terri.
“She never said she didn’t,” Meserve responded.
From her seat in the courtroom, Meserve’s sister, Amy, remembers watching an image take shape that she did not recognize.
“He’s being portrayed like some monster,” she said later. “Obviously, he did not think he was raping anyone. I just don’t think he did. That’s not who he is, that’s not what he’s capable of. I just know if they would have said no or stop or anything, he would have stopped.”
While Meserve’s family attended the trial, most of the group that had supported Terri remained behind in Petrolia. It was a far distance to travel, but it also was painful to watch. Many believed it had been a mistake to contact law enforcement.
“I am friends with his sister and his dad and his mom,” said longtime local grower Greg Smith. “It feels like we’re carrying a big weight on our chest.”
The community of Petrolia was changing, but residents weren’t sure it was for the better. California Gov. Jerry Brown had signed a package of laws that would further regulate the medical marijuana industry, beginning with state-issued licenses in 2018. Many Humboldt County growers have refused to participate. They would not sign up for county permits, the first step toward legal compliance.
To complicate matters, under the new regulations, counties can ban growing altogether, and many have, preserving a highly profitable black market. Competition is increasing, and prices are likely to drop.
In this new future, it seemed, small farmers would struggle financially. Success would mean going big or continuing to sell on the black market. Before his arrest, Meserve had found that success growing marijuana, accruing land, money and power. But some wondered, at what cost?
On April 19, a jury found Meserve guilty of 15 felony counts, including rape and false imprisonment. His wife began to cry as deputies handcuffed him and took him into custody.
When the news reached Petrolia, many in the group that had supported Terri felt deflated instead of relieved. They knew the conviction meant Meserve could end up spending the rest of his life in prison. Smith and Epperson agreed to write letters to the judge urging a lenient sentence.
“I would rather have rehabilitation than punishment,” Smith said. “Some people think it’s impossible with him, but I don’t know. I just have hope that people can change.”
On July 28, the Meserve family and their supporters filed into the courtroom. Meserve’s mother, sister and wife cried as he stood motionless, awaiting the judge’s sentence. Each read from a prepared statement.
“These charges are extreme and overboard,” said his father, David. “These charges are from an enthusiasm for prosecuting people in the marijuana industry.”
“Kailan wants to start an AA group in Petrolia,” said Monica, his wife. “He wants to give back.”
Terri was not there. An advocate read a statement from the second victim.
“Every morsel of self-confidence has left me,” she read. “Humboldt is my home, and I cannot bring myself to visit my friends or family there.”
The judge sentenced Meserve to 23 years in prison.
He did not make a statement in court that day. Through his family, he declined to comment for this story. Terri has since moved out of state.
And, as the harvest season swings into full gear, a new crop of trimmigrants is streaming north, thumbs out, pointing toward the thickly forested mountains of the Emerald Triangle.
Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly characterized the pingpong tournament held at Petrolia’s community center. Only Meserve was involved with the setup.
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That’s in a public meeting Monday with pro-Palestinian student protesters… who’ve camped out on campus for the past week.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez, KQED News \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Shasta County Selecting New Registrar of Voters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Shasta County Board of Supervisors is set to meet today to discuss next steps now that the longstanding County Registrar of Voters has retired, but it’s unclear exactly how her position will be filled.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alec Stutson, North State Public Radio\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985166/how-have-wage-increases-affected-fast-food-workers","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21998","news_21268"],"featImg":"news_11984991","label":"source_news_11985166"},"news_11985245":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985245","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985245","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uc-berkeley-opens-civil-rights-investigation-into-confrontation-at-deans-home","title":"UC Berkeley Opens Civil Rights Investigation Into Confrontation at Dean’s Home","publishDate":1715119736,"format":"standard","headTitle":"UC Berkeley Opens Civil Rights Investigation Into Confrontation at Dean’s Home | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>UC Berkeley has opened a civil rights investigation into a professor who was seen in a viral video trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982697/confrontation-at-uc-berkeley-law-school-deans-home-highlights-campus-tensions\">wrench a microphone away from a Muslim student\u003c/a> giving a pro-Palestinian protest speech at the professor’s home last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Title IX investigation follows a complaint filed by the student, Malak Afaneh, who is Palestinian American and wears a hijab, with the university’s Office for the Prevention of Harassment and Discrimination. Afaneh hopes the investigation leads to the professor’s dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I frankly don’t believe that a professor that is able to put her hands on a student should be allowed in the classroom, especially near other visibly Muslim, pro-Palestinian students,” Afaneh, 24, told KQED. She first learned of the investigation on April 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The confrontation took place at an April 9 dinner hosted by Berkeley Law professor Catherine Fisk and her husband, Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the law school, in the backyard of their Oakland home to celebrate graduating students. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/C5lAhZ0r-kF/\">shown in the video\u003c/a>, Afaneh, a third-year UC Berkeley law student, stands on the home’s garden steps wearing a red hijab and black and white keffiyeh and begins speaking into a microphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reading from her phone, she begins a traditional Muslim greeting of peace to mark the final night of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. Fisk approaches Afaneh from behind, wraps one arm around her shoulders, and, with her other hand, attempts to wrestle Afaneh’s phone and microphone from her hands mid-speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not your house. It is my house. And I want you to leave,” shouts Fisk, who threatens to call the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Chemerinsky called the university’s investigation a routine response to a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is no more than that,” Chemerinsky said. “It is disturbing that the student who deliberately disrupted a dinner party at my home and refused to cease the disruption or leave when asked repeatedly to do so then had the audacity to file a complaint with the campus that she was mistreated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afaneh is co-president of the group Law Students for Justice in Palestine, which has long demanded that UC Berkeley divest from manufacturing companies that supply weapons to Israel and called for a boycott of the dinner at Fisk and Chemerinsky’s house. After the altercation, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/C5m4-4gro1_/?igsh=MTc4MmM1YmI2Ng%3D%3D\">released a statement\u003c/a> demanding the couple’s resignations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemerinsky, who is Jewish, has said a poster that Afaneh’s group distributed, which included a caricature of him holding a bloody knife and fork and the words “No dinner with Zionist Chem while Gaza starves,” was blatantly antisemitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985256\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11985256 size-medium\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Malak Afaneh, a third-year UC Berkeley law student, speaks during a protest at the university. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of UC Berkeley Free Palestine Encampment Organizers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol Christ said in a statement last month that she was “appalled and deeply disturbed” by what happened and offered her support to Chemerinsky. “While our support for free speech is unwavering, we cannot condone using a social occasion at a person’s private residence as a platform for protest,” Christ said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area office of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, a Muslim civil rights and advocacy organization, praised the university’s Title IX investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is crucial that all students, regardless of their religious or political beliefs, are safe and respected at university-sanctioned events,” Zahra Billoo, the group’s executive director, said in a statement on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, pro-Palestinian student protests continue at UC Berkeley, with 170 tents at the steps of Sproul Hall as of last Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2024/05/03/free-palestine-camp-uc-berkeley-divestment-gaza\">according to local news site Berkeleyside\u003c/a>. There were at least 14 pro-Palestinian encampments on college campuses in California as of last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11982697,forum_2010101905545,news_11978998,news_11979412\"]Israeli troops seized control of Gaza’s Rafah border crossing this week, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-05-07-2024-113bf4ee5dad87dc5c003d76ed2785bf\">according to the Associated Press\u003c/a>, raising concerns of a full-scale invasion and the collapse of aid as Cindy McCain, the American director of the U.N. World Food Program, said northern Gaza is experiencing “full-blown famine.” The war in Gaza has killed more than 34,700 Palestinians, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/gaza-israel-famine-humanitarian-aid-children-8a4cb5736c42caf50b6e204f40d83a91\">the AP reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The devastation is personal for Afaneh, whose parents immigrated to the United States in 2001 from Abu Ghosh, an Arab town in Israel, and Al-Khalil, in the West Bank. Afaneh grew up in Chicago and “all over,” she said and came to Berkeley in 2021 to attend law school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the incident in Fisk and Chemerinsky’s backyard, Afaneh has continued to protest with the UC Berkeley encampment. She played an early role in negotiations with school administrators but has since pulled back as she prepares for her next steps: graduation, the bar exam and a job at a New York City civil rights law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The faculty member who will hand Afaneh her diploma when she walks the stage on Friday is Chemerinsky, the Berkeley Law dean who threw her out of his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afaneh unsuccessfully asked the school to allow her to accept her diploma from another faculty member. At her graduation, Afaneh intends to wear a keffiyeh, a black-and-white checkered scarf \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/06/1216150515/keffiyeh-hamas-palestinians-israel-gaza\">that demonstrates support for Palestinian nationalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She will also refuse to shake Chemerinsky’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to handle it as I’ve always handled it,” Afaneh said. ”I’m going to hold my head up high with grace and dignity, as I have been doing.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Title IX investigation follows a complaint by a Palestinian American student against a Berkeley Law professor who tried to wrench a microphone away from her.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715122666,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":955},"headData":{"title":"UC Berkeley Opens Civil Rights Investigation Into Confrontation at Dean’s Home | KQED","description":"The Title IX investigation follows a complaint by a Palestinian American student against a Berkeley Law professor who tried to wrench a microphone away from her.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"UC Berkeley Opens Civil Rights Investigation Into Confrontation at Dean’s Home","datePublished":"2024-05-07T22:08:56.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T22:57:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11985245","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985245/uc-berkeley-opens-civil-rights-investigation-into-confrontation-at-deans-home","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UC Berkeley has opened a civil rights investigation into a professor who was seen in a viral video trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982697/confrontation-at-uc-berkeley-law-school-deans-home-highlights-campus-tensions\">wrench a microphone away from a Muslim student\u003c/a> giving a pro-Palestinian protest speech at the professor’s home last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Title IX investigation follows a complaint filed by the student, Malak Afaneh, who is Palestinian American and wears a hijab, with the university’s Office for the Prevention of Harassment and Discrimination. Afaneh hopes the investigation leads to the professor’s dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I frankly don’t believe that a professor that is able to put her hands on a student should be allowed in the classroom, especially near other visibly Muslim, pro-Palestinian students,” Afaneh, 24, told KQED. She first learned of the investigation on April 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The confrontation took place at an April 9 dinner hosted by Berkeley Law professor Catherine Fisk and her husband, Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the law school, in the backyard of their Oakland home to celebrate graduating students. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/C5lAhZ0r-kF/\">shown in the video\u003c/a>, Afaneh, a third-year UC Berkeley law student, stands on the home’s garden steps wearing a red hijab and black and white keffiyeh and begins speaking into a microphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reading from her phone, she begins a traditional Muslim greeting of peace to mark the final night of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. Fisk approaches Afaneh from behind, wraps one arm around her shoulders, and, with her other hand, attempts to wrestle Afaneh’s phone and microphone from her hands mid-speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not your house. It is my house. And I want you to leave,” shouts Fisk, who threatens to call the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Chemerinsky called the university’s investigation a routine response to a complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is no more than that,” Chemerinsky said. “It is disturbing that the student who deliberately disrupted a dinner party at my home and refused to cease the disruption or leave when asked repeatedly to do so then had the audacity to file a complaint with the campus that she was mistreated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afaneh is co-president of the group Law Students for Justice in Palestine, which has long demanded that UC Berkeley divest from manufacturing companies that supply weapons to Israel and called for a boycott of the dinner at Fisk and Chemerinsky’s house. After the altercation, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/C5m4-4gro1_/?igsh=MTc4MmM1YmI2Ng%3D%3D\">released a statement\u003c/a> demanding the couple’s resignations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemerinsky, who is Jewish, has said a poster that Afaneh’s group distributed, which included a caricature of him holding a bloody knife and fork and the words “No dinner with Zionist Chem while Gaza starves,” was blatantly antisemitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985256\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11985256 size-medium\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/uc-berkeley-malak-afaneh-handout_qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Malak Afaneh, a third-year UC Berkeley law student, speaks during a protest at the university. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of UC Berkeley Free Palestine Encampment Organizers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol Christ said in a statement last month that she was “appalled and deeply disturbed” by what happened and offered her support to Chemerinsky. “While our support for free speech is unwavering, we cannot condone using a social occasion at a person’s private residence as a platform for protest,” Christ said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area office of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, a Muslim civil rights and advocacy organization, praised the university’s Title IX investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is crucial that all students, regardless of their religious or political beliefs, are safe and respected at university-sanctioned events,” Zahra Billoo, the group’s executive director, said in a statement on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, pro-Palestinian student protests continue at UC Berkeley, with 170 tents at the steps of Sproul Hall as of last Friday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2024/05/03/free-palestine-camp-uc-berkeley-divestment-gaza\">according to local news site Berkeleyside\u003c/a>. There were at least 14 pro-Palestinian encampments on college campuses in California as of last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11982697,forum_2010101905545,news_11978998,news_11979412"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Israeli troops seized control of Gaza’s Rafah border crossing this week, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-05-07-2024-113bf4ee5dad87dc5c003d76ed2785bf\">according to the Associated Press\u003c/a>, raising concerns of a full-scale invasion and the collapse of aid as Cindy McCain, the American director of the U.N. World Food Program, said northern Gaza is experiencing “full-blown famine.” The war in Gaza has killed more than 34,700 Palestinians, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/gaza-israel-famine-humanitarian-aid-children-8a4cb5736c42caf50b6e204f40d83a91\">the AP reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The devastation is personal for Afaneh, whose parents immigrated to the United States in 2001 from Abu Ghosh, an Arab town in Israel, and Al-Khalil, in the West Bank. Afaneh grew up in Chicago and “all over,” she said and came to Berkeley in 2021 to attend law school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the incident in Fisk and Chemerinsky’s backyard, Afaneh has continued to protest with the UC Berkeley encampment. She played an early role in negotiations with school administrators but has since pulled back as she prepares for her next steps: graduation, the bar exam and a job at a New York City civil rights law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The faculty member who will hand Afaneh her diploma when she walks the stage on Friday is Chemerinsky, the Berkeley Law dean who threw her out of his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afaneh unsuccessfully asked the school to allow her to accept her diploma from another faculty member. At her graduation, Afaneh intends to wear a keffiyeh, a black-and-white checkered scarf \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/06/1216150515/keffiyeh-hamas-palestinians-israel-gaza\">that demonstrates support for Palestinian nationalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She will also refuse to shake Chemerinsky’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to handle it as I’ve always handled it,” Afaneh said. ”I’m going to hold my head up high with grace and dignity, as I have been doing.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985245/uc-berkeley-opens-civil-rights-investigation-into-confrontation-at-deans-home","authors":["11690"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_27626","news_33333","news_17597"],"featImg":"news_11985260","label":"news"},"news_11985130":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985130","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985130","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sfsu-president-begins-negotiations-with-campus-gaza-protesters","title":"SFSU President Begins Negotiations With Campus Gaza Protesters","publishDate":1715038649,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SFSU President Begins Negotiations With Campus Gaza Protesters | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Amid a wave of student protests that has spurred attacks and arrests on other California campuses, San Francisco State University’s top administrator met publicly with pro-Palestinian student protesters for the first time Monday to discuss their demands as news spread of a cease-fire proposal in the Gaza Strip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “moderated, open negotiations session” between President Lynn Mahoney and representatives of the SFSU Students for Palestine Encampment is believed to be one of the first of its kind, student organizers said. It came as Israel launched strikes in Rafah after saying the terms of a cease-fire deal agreed to by Hamas were not acceptable, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/06/1249360882/israel-hamas-cease-fire\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">NPR reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the cease-fire is true and it happens and, you know, there’s a free Palestine – because that’s what we’re reaching towards – of course we’re going to be relieved and we’re going to be happy, but at the same time we lost a lot,” said Monia Alsena, 22, who graduated from SFSU last year and attended Monday in support of the protest encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish it was a permanent cease-fire,” said her friend Nermeen Elsaghir, 23, who is graduating this month and has family in the West Bank. “I wish it was freedom for Palestinians, for all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Elsaghir said she is “not very hopeful about having any kind of victory soon for Palestinians or a cease-fire. We’re helpless, and our leaders, especially Arab leaders, they’re not doing anything. It’s very sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see how I’m hopeful,” she said. “I’m not.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gaza health officials, more than 34,000 Palestinians have been killed in the war, which Israel launched after Hamas militants killed around 1,200 Israelis and took more than 200 hostage in a wave of attacks Oct. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since April 29, a group called Students for Gaza has camped on a central lawn at SFSU to demand the California State University system disclose its financial ties to Israel and to divest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also rejected what they called Islamophobic censorship of speech and activism on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985155\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11985155 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An SFSU community member speaks as President Lynn Mahoney listens outside of the César Chavez Student Center on campus on May 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During Monday’s public meeting with student representatives at the university’s Malcolm X Plaza, Mahoney said she would take steps to increase transparency around where the endowment money is invested and to “take another look at that investment policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let me just say you’ve all been heard,” Mahoney said. “You have been heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atzeli Ramirez praised Mahoney for being willing to negotiate with student protesters publicly, but she felt Mahoney didn’t go far enough in meeting their demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like President Lynn Mahoney was trying to save face rather than negotiate,” Ramirez, 21, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amey Kulkarni is a media liaison for the protesters. Kulkarni has stayed in the encampment intermittently over the last week. He was angry Mahoney declined to declare the war in Gaza a genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s something we’ve been explicit about from day one,” Kulkarni, 25, said. “Me as well as so many others in this camp do not want to normalize this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='gaza']In 2020, the SFSU student government passed a resolution requesting a university boycott and divestment from Israel, but Mahoney refused to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school administration’s agreement to publicly negotiate with protesters this week, however, is starkly different from the approach of leadership at some other campuses. Nationally, more than 2,000 students have been arrested in protests against the war as of last week, according to the Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campus police arrested dozens of pro-Palestinian protesters in a parking structure at UCLA on Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-06/dozens-detained-at-ucla-early-monday\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, days after officers cleared the encampment there and arrested more than 200 people. Early Sunday, a student encampment at the University of Southern California disbanded after Los Angeles Police Department officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/pro-palestinian-encampment-at-usc-dismantled-after-protestors-comply-with-order-to-leave\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">threatened to arrest the students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. There were at least 14 pro-Palestinian encampments \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">on college campuses in California\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as of last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the country, Harvard warned students Monday that protesters would be placed on involuntary leave from school, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-pro-palestinian-israel-05-06-24/index.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">according to CNN\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985121\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985121\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A large crowd assembled outside the SFSU Cesar Chavez Student Center meets with SFSU President Lynn Mahoney on May 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not all university leaders have responded to encampments with police. Sacramento State University President Luke Woods \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">gave approval for the campus’ pro-Palestinian encampment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> late last month, and \u003c/span>UC Riverside pro-Palestinian student protesters voluntarily ended their encampment last week after reaching an agreement with university leadership to explore divestment from Israel, \u003ca href=\"https://riversiderecord.org/student-protesters-ucr-administration-reach-agreement-to-end-encampment/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">according to the Riverside Record\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFSU has faced a decades-long challenge in responding to demands of its students around the Israeli-Palestinian\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>conflict. Former SFSU President Leslie Wong drew criticism from students and faculty for an email he sent in 2018 saying “Zionists are welcome on our campus,” \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatexpress.org/81119/latest/news/president-wong-fails-to-unify/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">according to the Golden Gate Express\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the campus newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"President Lynn Mahoney with pro-Palestinian student protesters to discuss their demands as news spread of a cease-fire proposal in the Gaza Strip.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715041272,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":904},"headData":{"title":"SFSU President Begins Negotiations With Campus Gaza Protesters | KQED","description":"President Lynn Mahoney with pro-Palestinian student protesters to discuss their demands as news spread of a cease-fire proposal in the Gaza Strip.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"SFSU President Begins Negotiations With Campus Gaza Protesters","datePublished":"2024-05-06T23:37:29.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T00:21:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11985130","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985130/sfsu-president-begins-negotiations-with-campus-gaza-protesters","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amid a wave of student protests that has spurred attacks and arrests on other California campuses, San Francisco State University’s top administrator met publicly with pro-Palestinian student protesters for the first time Monday to discuss their demands as news spread of a cease-fire proposal in the Gaza Strip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “moderated, open negotiations session” between President Lynn Mahoney and representatives of the SFSU Students for Palestine Encampment is believed to be one of the first of its kind, student organizers said. It came as Israel launched strikes in Rafah after saying the terms of a cease-fire deal agreed to by Hamas were not acceptable, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/06/1249360882/israel-hamas-cease-fire\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">NPR reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the cease-fire is true and it happens and, you know, there’s a free Palestine – because that’s what we’re reaching towards – of course we’re going to be relieved and we’re going to be happy, but at the same time we lost a lot,” said Monia Alsena, 22, who graduated from SFSU last year and attended Monday in support of the protest encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish it was a permanent cease-fire,” said her friend Nermeen Elsaghir, 23, who is graduating this month and has family in the West Bank. “I wish it was freedom for Palestinians, for all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Elsaghir said she is “not very hopeful about having any kind of victory soon for Palestinians or a cease-fire. We’re helpless, and our leaders, especially Arab leaders, they’re not doing anything. It’s very sad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see how I’m hopeful,” she said. “I’m not.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Gaza health officials, more than 34,000 Palestinians have been killed in the war, which Israel launched after Hamas militants killed around 1,200 Israelis and took more than 200 hostage in a wave of attacks Oct. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since April 29, a group called Students for Gaza has camped on a central lawn at SFSU to demand the California State University system disclose its financial ties to Israel and to divest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also rejected what they called Islamophobic censorship of speech and activism on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985155\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11985155 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-57-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An SFSU community member speaks as President Lynn Mahoney listens outside of the César Chavez Student Center on campus on May 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During Monday’s public meeting with student representatives at the university’s Malcolm X Plaza, Mahoney said she would take steps to increase transparency around where the endowment money is invested and to “take another look at that investment policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let me just say you’ve all been heard,” Mahoney said. “You have been heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atzeli Ramirez praised Mahoney for being willing to negotiate with student protesters publicly, but she felt Mahoney didn’t go far enough in meeting their demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like President Lynn Mahoney was trying to save face rather than negotiate,” Ramirez, 21, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amey Kulkarni is a media liaison for the protesters. Kulkarni has stayed in the encampment intermittently over the last week. He was angry Mahoney declined to declare the war in Gaza a genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s something we’ve been explicit about from day one,” Kulkarni, 25, said. “Me as well as so many others in this camp do not want to normalize this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"gaza"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 2020, the SFSU student government passed a resolution requesting a university boycott and divestment from Israel, but Mahoney refused to support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school administration’s agreement to publicly negotiate with protesters this week, however, is starkly different from the approach of leadership at some other campuses. Nationally, more than 2,000 students have been arrested in protests against the war as of last week, according to the Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campus police arrested dozens of pro-Palestinian protesters in a parking structure at UCLA on Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-06/dozens-detained-at-ucla-early-monday\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, days after officers cleared the encampment there and arrested more than 200 people. Early Sunday, a student encampment at the University of Southern California disbanded after Los Angeles Police Department officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/pro-palestinian-encampment-at-usc-dismantled-after-protestors-comply-with-order-to-leave\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">threatened to arrest the students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. There were at least 14 pro-Palestinian encampments \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">on college campuses in California\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as of last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the country, Harvard warned students Monday that protesters would be placed on involuntary leave from school, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-pro-palestinian-israel-05-06-24/index.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">according to CNN\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985121\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985121\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240506-SFSUPresident-28-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A large crowd assembled outside the SFSU Cesar Chavez Student Center meets with SFSU President Lynn Mahoney on May 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not all university leaders have responded to encampments with police. Sacramento State University President Luke Woods \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">gave approval for the campus’ pro-Palestinian encampment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> late last month, and \u003c/span>UC Riverside pro-Palestinian student protesters voluntarily ended their encampment last week after reaching an agreement with university leadership to explore divestment from Israel, \u003ca href=\"https://riversiderecord.org/student-protesters-ucr-administration-reach-agreement-to-end-encampment/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">according to the Riverside Record\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFSU has faced a decades-long challenge in responding to demands of its students around the Israeli-Palestinian\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>conflict. Former SFSU President Leslie Wong drew criticism from students and faculty for an email he sent in 2018 saying “Zionists are welcome on our campus,” \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatexpress.org/81119/latest/news/president-wong-fails-to-unify/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">according to the Golden Gate Express\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the campus newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985130/sfsu-president-begins-negotiations-with-campus-gaza-protesters","authors":["11690"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_27626","news_6631","news_2200"],"featImg":"news_11985119","label":"news"},"news_11985145":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985145","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985145","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-a-408-vs-510-showdown-as-san-jose-earthquakes-take-on-oakland-roots","title":"It’s a 408 vs. 510 Showdown as San Jose Earthquakes Take on Oakland Roots","publishDate":1715092232,"format":"standard","headTitle":"It’s a 408 vs. 510 Showdown as San Jose Earthquakes Take on Oakland Roots | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>This year’s U.S. Open Cup keeps getting better and better for Bay Area soccer fans. After knocking out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983120/a-new-bay-area-clasico-sfs-el-farolito-and-oakland-roots-set-to-battle-in-hayward\">San Francisco’s El Farolito in the previous round\u003c/a>, Oakland Roots Soccer Club will play against the San Jose Earthquakes on Tuesday at 7 p.m. in San José’s PayPal Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The game will also be streamed live. \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ussoccer.com/us-open-cup/watch?matchId=5d5a6a7a-70df-4007-8429-3eec21629119\">\u003ci>You can watch it here.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever wins will move forward to the fifth round of the Open Cup, the oldest soccer competition in the country that brings teams together that usually play in different leagues — the Earthquakes compete in the Major League Soccer and the Roots in the United Soccer League Championship, for example. The stakes are high: whoever ends up winning the Open Cup will also be granted a spot in next year’s Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) Champions Cup. And thanks to the tournament’s open format, you get very original matchups that you won’t see anywhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In none of the “Big Four” sports leagues — the MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL — does a team repping the South Bay face off against an East Bay team. But in soccer, anything can happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Earthquakes are coming into this match fresh off a 3–1 win against SoCal rival Los Angeles FC on Sunday at Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara, a game that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/san-jose-earthquakes-bounce-back-against-lafc-derby-games-are-always-different#:~:text=L%C3%B3pez%20debuts,with%20options%20for%202027%2D28.\">drew in more than 43,000 fans\u003c/a>, many of them \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjearthquakes.com/news/match-highlights-quakes-dominate-lafc-in-3-1-win-at-levi-s-stadium\">hyped to see the Bay Area once again #BeatLA\u003c/a>. Due to competition rules, the South Bay team is jumping into the Open Cup this year, along with a handful of other MLS teams, much later, during the tournament’s fourth round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2–1 victory against El Farolito on April 16 was the last time the Roots won a game, with the East Bay team unable to notch a win in their recent regular league matches. And despite their stadiums being a 30-minute drive away from each other, the Roots and Quakes have only played against each other once before: a 3–2 win for the Quakes at PayPal Park \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjearthquakes.com/news/news-earthquakes-to-host-oakland-roots-sc-in-2024-lamar-hunt-u-s-open-cup-round-of-32-on-may-7\">during the 2021 preseason\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Roots are feeling excited about this second opportunity to play the Quakes. “Facing an MLS team, you have to be fully prepared,” said Tommy Hodul, vice president of public relations for the Roots. “But there’s nothing that we can’t accomplish in that game with the staff and the players that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985150\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985150\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of two men dressed in soccer uniforms with the man on the right covering his mouth with his shirt.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ali Elmasnaouy, #45 of the Oakland Roots, celebrates scoring a goal during the U.S. Open Cup third-round match between the Oakland Roots and El Farolito on April 16, 2024, at Pioneer Stadium in Hayward. \u003ccite>(Doug Zimmerman/ISI Photos/USSF/Getty Images for USSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This 510 vs. 408 area codes matchup also brings together a lot of homegrown soccer talent, with Bay Area-born-and-raised players featured on both rosters — and winning matches as well. In the match against El Farolito, Roots midfielder and Berkeley High alum Ali Elmasnaouy not only played his first game for the team, but the 19-year-old also scored the tie-breaking goal in overtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A local kid scoring the game-winning goal in his professional debut for his hometown team —it doesn’t get much more special than that,” Hodul said. “It’s really special to see players from the 510 area code making it at the professional level through our club.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When local clubs seek out local talent, it doesn’t just benefit those clubs, but it also boosts soccer’s overall place in a community. Simon Tobin, head coach of men’s soccer at San José State University, has seen firsthand how quickly soccer has grown throughout California in the past few decades and said that local clubs, in particular, have helped boost the love for the sport among fans and young players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a time when the NFL or the NBA were what local great athletes were looking towards,” he said. “I think the arrival of the MLS and especially the Quakes in this community gives local kids that aspiration to play at the top level in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11983120,news_11961286,news_11952128\" label=\"Related Stories\"]And the Bay is currently experiencing a boom of local professional teams: in 2021, the Earthquakes announced the creation of their very own MLS Next Pro team, now called The Town FC, which plays at Saint Mary’s Stadium in Contra Costa County and also serves as the Quakes’ reserve squad. For its part, the Roots launched in 2021 the all-female Oakland Soul team, which plays in the USL W League. And just this year, the Bay FC kicked off its first game \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980330/a-new-pro-womens-soccer-team-kicks-off-in-the-bay\">as the Bay Area’s first-ever National Women’s Soccer League team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many more pro teams in the Bay, fans are winning too, Tobin said. “It’s starting to mirror a little bit what you see if you live in South America or Europe, where you’ve got two or three teams in your vicinity, and you have a strong allegiance for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as soccer grows in the U.S., so does the role of money, especially in the sport’s premier league, the MLS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, MLS teams \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/kirkwakefield/2024/03/08/big-brands-like-apple-buy-the-mls-pitch-our-soccer-is-calling/?sh=4a48a5d56ddd\">made 15% more in sponsorship revenue\u003c/a> — nearly $600 million more than the previous year. A factor in that seems to be Argentinean superstar Lionel Messi’s move to Inter Miami. Having a big name like Messi can turbocharge a fanbase — and sponsors — but \u003ca href=\"https://theathletic.com/4674349/2023/07/10/messi-miami-beckham-money/\">it also represents a big financial responsibility to the team\u003c/a>. After all, Inter Miami has agreed to pay Messi $60 million a year (compare that to the $47.61 million that LeBron James got paid this season). As for the Quakes, they’re also going in for some big contracts: last month, the San Jose team spent a club-record $6 million to bring in Argentine midfielder Hernán López.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985172\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763.jpg\" alt=\"A group of men wearing soccer uniforms on a soccer field are huddled together.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Jose Earthquakes huddle before a game between Los Angeles FC and San Jose Earthquakes at Levi’s Stadium on May 4, 2024 in Santa Clara. \u003ccite>(John Todd/ISI Photos/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, this recent wave of investment has \u003ca href=\"https://www.backheeled.com/mls-leave-us-open-cup-usl-lower-division-preach-importance/\">also changed the relationship between the MLS and the Open Cup\u003c/a>. Because the Open Cup welcomes teams from all different leagues, MLS teams often play against much smaller teams with fewer resources, and the Cup’s match schedule \u003ca href=\"https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-mls-teams-withdraw-us-open-cup-2024-tournament-decision/b9a77a56ebcdc164e9ed0bb0#:~:text=In%20mid%2DDecember%20of%202023,soccer%20competition%20in%20the%20country.\">interferes with the increasingly busy MLS calendar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, ESPN reported that MLS Commissioner Don Garber \u003ca href=\"https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37638582/mls-commissioner-garber-criticizes-state-us-open-cup\">publicly shared his disappointment with the much smaller reach Open Cup games have\u003c/a>. “I would say that they’re not games that we would want our product to be shown to a large audience … So I appreciate the enthusiasm about it, but we need to get better with the U.S. Open Cup,” he said. “It’s just not the proper reflection of what soccer in America at the professional level needs to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the number of MLS teams in the Open Cup is also dwindling. In 2023, all 26 teams in the league played. And the MLS \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/mls-plans-to-be-represented-by-mls-next-pro-clubs-in-2024-us-open-cup?ref=backheeled.com\">originally intended for no MLS teams to participate this year\u003c/a> but reached a deal with the U.S. Soccer Federation, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-mls-teams-withdraw-us-open-cup-2024-tournament-decision/b9a77a56ebcdc164e9ed0bb0#:~:text=In%20mid%2DDecember%20of%202023,soccer%20competition%20in%20the%20country.\">struck a deal to have eight teams come in this time\u003c/a>, the Quakes being one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s uncertain how many MLS teams will appear in next year’s Open Cup, making Tuesday’s uniquely Bay Area matchup between the Quakes and Roots even more special.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Oakland Roots face against the San Jose Earthquakes in the fourth round of the U.S. Open Cup. Here’s when and where to watch or stream this uniquely Bay Area game.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715109403,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1323},"headData":{"title":"It’s a 408 vs. 510 Showdown as San Jose Earthquakes Take on Oakland Roots | KQED","description":"The Oakland Roots face against the San Jose Earthquakes in the fourth round of the U.S. Open Cup. Here’s when and where to watch or stream this uniquely Bay Area game.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"It’s a 408 vs. 510 Showdown as San Jose Earthquakes Take on Oakland Roots","datePublished":"2024-05-07T14:30:32.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T19:16:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11985145","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985145/its-a-408-vs-510-showdown-as-san-jose-earthquakes-take-on-oakland-roots","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year’s U.S. Open Cup keeps getting better and better for Bay Area soccer fans. After knocking out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983120/a-new-bay-area-clasico-sfs-el-farolito-and-oakland-roots-set-to-battle-in-hayward\">San Francisco’s El Farolito in the previous round\u003c/a>, Oakland Roots Soccer Club will play against the San Jose Earthquakes on Tuesday at 7 p.m. in San José’s PayPal Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The game will also be streamed live. \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ussoccer.com/us-open-cup/watch?matchId=5d5a6a7a-70df-4007-8429-3eec21629119\">\u003ci>You can watch it here.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever wins will move forward to the fifth round of the Open Cup, the oldest soccer competition in the country that brings teams together that usually play in different leagues — the Earthquakes compete in the Major League Soccer and the Roots in the United Soccer League Championship, for example. The stakes are high: whoever ends up winning the Open Cup will also be granted a spot in next year’s Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) Champions Cup. And thanks to the tournament’s open format, you get very original matchups that you won’t see anywhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In none of the “Big Four” sports leagues — the MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL — does a team repping the South Bay face off against an East Bay team. But in soccer, anything can happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Earthquakes are coming into this match fresh off a 3–1 win against SoCal rival Los Angeles FC on Sunday at Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara, a game that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/san-jose-earthquakes-bounce-back-against-lafc-derby-games-are-always-different#:~:text=L%C3%B3pez%20debuts,with%20options%20for%202027%2D28.\">drew in more than 43,000 fans\u003c/a>, many of them \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjearthquakes.com/news/match-highlights-quakes-dominate-lafc-in-3-1-win-at-levi-s-stadium\">hyped to see the Bay Area once again #BeatLA\u003c/a>. Due to competition rules, the South Bay team is jumping into the Open Cup this year, along with a handful of other MLS teams, much later, during the tournament’s fourth round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2–1 victory against El Farolito on April 16 was the last time the Roots won a game, with the East Bay team unable to notch a win in their recent regular league matches. And despite their stadiums being a 30-minute drive away from each other, the Roots and Quakes have only played against each other once before: a 3–2 win for the Quakes at PayPal Park \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjearthquakes.com/news/news-earthquakes-to-host-oakland-roots-sc-in-2024-lamar-hunt-u-s-open-cup-round-of-32-on-may-7\">during the 2021 preseason\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Roots are feeling excited about this second opportunity to play the Quakes. “Facing an MLS team, you have to be fully prepared,” said Tommy Hodul, vice president of public relations for the Roots. “But there’s nothing that we can’t accomplish in that game with the staff and the players that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985150\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985150\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of two men dressed in soccer uniforms with the man on the right covering his mouth with his shirt.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2149318986-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ali Elmasnaouy, #45 of the Oakland Roots, celebrates scoring a goal during the U.S. Open Cup third-round match between the Oakland Roots and El Farolito on April 16, 2024, at Pioneer Stadium in Hayward. \u003ccite>(Doug Zimmerman/ISI Photos/USSF/Getty Images for USSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This 510 vs. 408 area codes matchup also brings together a lot of homegrown soccer talent, with Bay Area-born-and-raised players featured on both rosters — and winning matches as well. In the match against El Farolito, Roots midfielder and Berkeley High alum Ali Elmasnaouy not only played his first game for the team, but the 19-year-old also scored the tie-breaking goal in overtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A local kid scoring the game-winning goal in his professional debut for his hometown team —it doesn’t get much more special than that,” Hodul said. “It’s really special to see players from the 510 area code making it at the professional level through our club.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When local clubs seek out local talent, it doesn’t just benefit those clubs, but it also boosts soccer’s overall place in a community. Simon Tobin, head coach of men’s soccer at San José State University, has seen firsthand how quickly soccer has grown throughout California in the past few decades and said that local clubs, in particular, have helped boost the love for the sport among fans and young players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a time when the NFL or the NBA were what local great athletes were looking towards,” he said. “I think the arrival of the MLS and especially the Quakes in this community gives local kids that aspiration to play at the top level in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11983120,news_11961286,news_11952128","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And the Bay is currently experiencing a boom of local professional teams: in 2021, the Earthquakes announced the creation of their very own MLS Next Pro team, now called The Town FC, which plays at Saint Mary’s Stadium in Contra Costa County and also serves as the Quakes’ reserve squad. For its part, the Roots launched in 2021 the all-female Oakland Soul team, which plays in the USL W League. And just this year, the Bay FC kicked off its first game \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980330/a-new-pro-womens-soccer-team-kicks-off-in-the-bay\">as the Bay Area’s first-ever National Women’s Soccer League team\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many more pro teams in the Bay, fans are winning too, Tobin said. “It’s starting to mirror a little bit what you see if you live in South America or Europe, where you’ve got two or three teams in your vicinity, and you have a strong allegiance for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as soccer grows in the U.S., so does the role of money, especially in the sport’s premier league, the MLS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, MLS teams \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/kirkwakefield/2024/03/08/big-brands-like-apple-buy-the-mls-pitch-our-soccer-is-calling/?sh=4a48a5d56ddd\">made 15% more in sponsorship revenue\u003c/a> — nearly $600 million more than the previous year. A factor in that seems to be Argentinean superstar Lionel Messi’s move to Inter Miami. Having a big name like Messi can turbocharge a fanbase — and sponsors — but \u003ca href=\"https://theathletic.com/4674349/2023/07/10/messi-miami-beckham-money/\">it also represents a big financial responsibility to the team\u003c/a>. After all, Inter Miami has agreed to pay Messi $60 million a year (compare that to the $47.61 million that LeBron James got paid this season). As for the Quakes, they’re also going in for some big contracts: last month, the San Jose team spent a club-record $6 million to bring in Argentine midfielder Hernán López.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985172\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763.jpg\" alt=\"A group of men wearing soccer uniforms on a soccer field are huddled together.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2151500763-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Jose Earthquakes huddle before a game between Los Angeles FC and San Jose Earthquakes at Levi’s Stadium on May 4, 2024 in Santa Clara. \u003ccite>(John Todd/ISI Photos/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, this recent wave of investment has \u003ca href=\"https://www.backheeled.com/mls-leave-us-open-cup-usl-lower-division-preach-importance/\">also changed the relationship between the MLS and the Open Cup\u003c/a>. Because the Open Cup welcomes teams from all different leagues, MLS teams often play against much smaller teams with fewer resources, and the Cup’s match schedule \u003ca href=\"https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-mls-teams-withdraw-us-open-cup-2024-tournament-decision/b9a77a56ebcdc164e9ed0bb0#:~:text=In%20mid%2DDecember%20of%202023,soccer%20competition%20in%20the%20country.\">interferes with the increasingly busy MLS calendar\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, ESPN reported that MLS Commissioner Don Garber \u003ca href=\"https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37638582/mls-commissioner-garber-criticizes-state-us-open-cup\">publicly shared his disappointment with the much smaller reach Open Cup games have\u003c/a>. “I would say that they’re not games that we would want our product to be shown to a large audience … So I appreciate the enthusiasm about it, but we need to get better with the U.S. Open Cup,” he said. “It’s just not the proper reflection of what soccer in America at the professional level needs to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the number of MLS teams in the Open Cup is also dwindling. In 2023, all 26 teams in the league played. And the MLS \u003ca href=\"https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/mls-plans-to-be-represented-by-mls-next-pro-clubs-in-2024-us-open-cup?ref=backheeled.com\">originally intended for no MLS teams to participate this year\u003c/a> but reached a deal with the U.S. Soccer Federation, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-mls-teams-withdraw-us-open-cup-2024-tournament-decision/b9a77a56ebcdc164e9ed0bb0#:~:text=In%20mid%2DDecember%20of%202023,soccer%20competition%20in%20the%20country.\">struck a deal to have eight teams come in this time\u003c/a>, the Quakes being one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s uncertain how many MLS teams will appear in next year’s Open Cup, making Tuesday’s uniquely Bay Area matchup between the Quakes and Roots even more special.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985145/its-a-408-vs-510-showdown-as-san-jose-earthquakes-take-on-oakland-roots","authors":["11708"],"categories":["news_8","news_10"],"tags":["news_32793","news_3421","news_31142"],"featImg":"news_11985149","label":"news"},"news_11985053":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985053","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985053","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"small-houses-pose-solution-to-housing-crisis","title":"Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis","publishDate":1715013022,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Can solutions to California’s housing crisis be found in how we used to design and build homes in the past, namely smaller multifamily dwellings in neighborhoods and cities with fewer zoning restrictions. That topic is explored by Los Angeles urban planner Max Podemski. In his new book, A Paradise of Small Houses. I met up with Podemski in the L.A. neighborhood of Eagle Rock.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guests: Saul Gonzalez, The California Report , and Max Podemski. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>DACA Recipients To Be Eligible for Medi-Cal \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, tens of thousands of immigrants with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals will soon be able to get health insurance. That’s after President Joe Biden on Friday announced that those with DACA can enroll in Affordable Care Act coverage.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tyche Hendricks, KQED News \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>UC Workers to Hold Strike Authorization Vote \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The union representing some 48 thousand academic workers in the UC system is planning to hold a strike authorization vote as early as this week over what they say is the university’s crackdown on pro-Palestinian protests. The decision to consider striking gained momentum after police action at UCLA that led to more than 200 arrests early last week\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tara Siler, KQED News, and Keith Mizuguchi, The California Report \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715089222,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":5,"wordCount":225},"headData":{"title":"Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis | KQED","description":"Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis Can solutions to California's housing crisis be found in how we used to design and build homes in the past, namely smaller multifamily dwellings in neighborhoods and cities with fewer zoning restrictions. That topic is explored by Los Angeles urban planner Max Podemski. In his new book, A Paradise of Small Houses. I met up with Podemski in the L.A. neighborhood of Eagle Rock. Guests: Saul Gonzalez, The California Report , and Max Podemski. DACA Recipients To Be Eligible for Medi-Cal In California, tens of thousands of immigrants with Deferred Action for Childhood","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis","datePublished":"2024-05-06T16:30:22.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T13:40:22.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Morning Report ","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrarchive/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC7900010350.mp3?updated=1715012835","sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-11985053","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985053/small-houses-pose-solution-to-housing-crisis","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Small Houses Pose Solution to Housing Crisis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Can solutions to California’s housing crisis be found in how we used to design and build homes in the past, namely smaller multifamily dwellings in neighborhoods and cities with fewer zoning restrictions. That topic is explored by Los Angeles urban planner Max Podemski. In his new book, A Paradise of Small Houses. I met up with Podemski in the L.A. neighborhood of Eagle Rock.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guests: Saul Gonzalez, The California Report , and Max Podemski. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>DACA Recipients To Be Eligible for Medi-Cal \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, tens of thousands of immigrants with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals will soon be able to get health insurance. That’s after President Joe Biden on Friday announced that those with DACA can enroll in Affordable Care Act coverage.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tyche Hendricks, KQED News \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>UC Workers to Hold Strike Authorization Vote \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The union representing some 48 thousand academic workers in the UC system is planning to hold a strike authorization vote as early as this week over what they say is the university’s crackdown on pro-Palestinian protests. The decision to consider striking gained momentum after police action at UCLA that led to more than 200 arrests early last week\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tara Siler, KQED News, and Keith Mizuguchi, The California Report \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985053/small-houses-pose-solution-to-housing-crisis","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21998","news_21268"],"featImg":"news_11985162","label":"source_news_11985053"},"news_11985061":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985061","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985061","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-family-fled-ethnic-violence-in-india-they-still-feel-the-impacts-in-the-bay-area","title":"A Family Fled Ethnic Violence in India. Its Echoes Resonate in the Bay Area","publishDate":1715079619,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A Family Fled Ethnic Violence in India. Its Echoes Resonate in the Bay Area | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This story was supported by the Pulitzer Center. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting on a chair in a rented apartment in Delhi, India, Madhumati Khwairakpam recalled fleeing her home in Manipur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 3, 2023, violence erupted after a local court awarded government benefits to the Meitei people, an ethnic group native to Manipur, a state in northeast India. A majority of the Meiteis practice Hinduism, though Manipur’s dominant ethnic community includes Muslims, Christians and followers of the traditional Sanamahi religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several tribal communities, including the Kuki, who are mostly Christian, protested the court ruling. Waves of armed Meitei mobs, unofficially supported by the state government according to activists and human rights groups, chanted “Death to Kukis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khwairakpam, an 87-year-old mother of 10 who identifies as Meitei, married into a Kuki family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2200\" height=\"1237\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004.jpg 2200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Madhumati Khwairakpam, 87, eats lunch on March 31, 2024, made primarily with vegetables grown in Manipur, which the family bought in Delhi. Right: Tara Hangzo holds a photo of her parents, Vungkham Hangzo (left) and Madhumati Khwairakpam, in the apartment Hangzo shares with her mother, Madhumati, and her sister and sister-in-law in Delhi, India, on March 31, 2024. The photo was recovered by Hangzo’s sister-in-law, Renu Takhellambam, at their home in Manipur after the house was looted following the violence that erupted on May 3, 2023. It was the only photo found at the home. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year ago this month, the lights in the family’s two-story home were off as they huddled silently in a bedroom. They heard the sound of windows being shattered by tossed stones. Someone called and said the nearby church had been lit aflame. The blasts from gas cylinders used for cooking shook the neighboring houses like bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reverberations were felt in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For roughly three decades, one of Khwairakpam’s daughters, Niang Hangzo, who was born and raised in Manipur, has lived in the Bay Area. Another daughter, Vung Hangzo, also lives in the Bay Area. According to \u003cem>The Mercury News\u003c/em>, people born in India \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/10/28/how-big-is-bay-area-boom-in-india-born-residents-together-theyd-rank-as-the-regions-fourth-largest-city/?clearUserState=true\">represent the largest immigrant group\u003c/a> in Santa Clara and Alameda counties. That’s about 250,000 people, as Indian immigrants have settled in Sunnyvale, Milpitas, Fremont and Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niang Hangzo co-founded an organization to raise awareness and support for the Kuki people. Bay Area residents who are part of the Indian diaspora attended protests in August. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/4/15/manipur-bjp-cm-inflamed-conflict-assam-rifles-report-on-india-violence\">More than 200 people have been killed\u003c/a> since the conflict in Manipur began, and 60,000 people, like Khwairakpam, have been displaced, according to Al Jazeera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of temples and churches have been reduced to ashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is unprecedented,” Niang Hangzo said. “The fact that they were burned seems to be very obvious that this is a real overt act of showing that ‘You guys don’t belong here.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Lakshmi Sarah and Beth LaBerge traveled to Delhi in March to see how Khwairakpam and her family are coping with the trauma of displacement. Khwairakpam told KQED she doesn’t have hope of seeing her home in Imphal, Manipur’s capital, again. She spoke in the Meitei language known as Manipuri, which was translated by Tara Manchin Hangzo, a daughter who lives with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984078\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984078 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madhumati Khwairakpam’s daughter, Niang Hangzo, displays side-by-side photos of her family posing in front of their home in Manipur on the left in 2012. On the right, an image of the house after it burned when ethnic violence erupted on May 3, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year ago, Khwairakpam and her family stood on the street as their home burned before running to a hotel operated by a Meitei man. Khwairakpam lost one of her slippers in the melee. They watched the mob grow on surveillance video. They stayed at the hotel until the police arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police escorted them to a police station and then to a Kuki woman’s house near the precinct, where they waited to be picked up by the Indian Army. Several family members stayed in a squalid relief camp for three nights before relatives in the United States helped 12 of them pay for flights to Delhi, the sprawling metropolitan area that’s 1,500 miles away from their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of them, we were able to escape,” Khwairakpam said of her family in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985075\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of houses lay vandalized and burnt during ethnic clashes and rioting in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur on June 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Altaf Qadri/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khwairakpam doesn’t speak Hindi, the primary language spoken in Delhi. She’s had breathing problems when the air quality is hazardous. Her joints ached in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no fruit trees near their three-bedroom apartment like the ones that surrounded their home in Manipur. There isn’t space to sit outside or walk on the street without the blaring horns of cars navigating the congested roads. The family doesn’t know how long they can afford the tight quarters they share, yet they still come together to enjoy each other’s company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984050\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madhumati Khwairakpam, 87, rests in the room she shares with her daughter, Junia, while her daughter Tara sits with her on the bed at their apartment in Delhi on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984054\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984054\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Junia Hangzo, Khwairakpam’s youngest daughter, does laundry at the apartment she shares with her mother, sister, and sister-in-law in Delhi on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984053\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(From left) Jason Hangzo, 17, Renu Takhellambam, Jason’s mother, and Junia Hangzo drink tea together in their apartment in Delhi, India, on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘I didn’t believe it’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On May 4, 2023, Niang Hangzo received a WhatsApp message from her brother as she was on her way to her engineering job in San José. He said their house in Manipur was under attack, but she ignored the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe it,” she recalled. “It’s so preposterous. What’s he talking about?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984079\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Niang Hangzo sits inside her home in Aptos, California, on Feb. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She called her oldest sister, who was in Delhi for cancer treatment. It was true. According to Niang Hangzo, who knows many of the families living in the Bay Area who immigrated from Manipur, most of the mob were also from the local area. Some were neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They knew my mother,” she said. “She might have been the one who delivered them because she worked as a nurse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the violence, she formed the \u003ca href=\"https://namta.us/\">North American Manipur Tribal Association\u003c/a> with a former Imphal neighbor, who now lives in Texas, to preserve the heritage of Manipur’s tribal people. Doing something felt important, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The other option was to just stay and do nothing, just cry and console each other,” she said. “They lost everything. But beyond that, I think nobody anticipated it to be this long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984693 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2200\" height=\"1238\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002.jpg 2200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sisters Niang (left) and Vung Hangzo sit at Vung’s home in San José on April 21, 2024. Right: Vung Hangzo looks at a WhatsApp group chat with her sisters that shows a photo of their mother, Madhumati Khwairakpam, in Delhi, at her home in San José on April 21, 2024. The family primarily uses WhatsApp to keep in touch and get updates on the situation in Manipur. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who is currently seeking a historic third term, finally \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/india-modi-parliament-manipur-861226ea4158aaf3f278cc21cb0c9579\">broke his silence\u003c/a> more than three months after the violence began. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party holds power in Manipur, a hilly and mountainous state that shares an international border with Myanmar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict has impacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/world/asia/india-presidential-election-voting-manipur.html\">voting in the region\u003c/a>, as armed men have attacked polling stations, according to \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>. The third round of voting in the world’s largest general election is scheduled for today. There will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/india/why-does-voting-last-six-weeks-indias-general-election-2024-04-17/\">seven phases in total\u003c/a> and results will be announced on June 4. Niang Hangzo is afraid of what will happen when the news cycle moves on.[aside postID=news_11957446 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230803-Manipur-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“We could be annihilated, and nobody would know,” she said. “We need to have the government step up and the world to listen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 billion Indians are eligible to cast ballots, but Tara Hangzo isn’t one because the government has not established a way for \u003ca href=\"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/risk-to-life-makes-voting-tough-exercise-for-displaced/articleshow/109416369.cms\">internally displaced people to vote remotely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel that I’m not part of India. Why should we be denied our right to vote just because we are here in Delhi as a displaced person?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khwairakpam was forced to leave her home eight decades earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the spring of 1944, around the time of the Battle of Imphal, when Japanese troops attempted to break Allied lines to invade India through Myanmar, then known as Burma. British Indian troops forced the Japanese to retreat during the fighting that changed the course of World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kishalay Bhattacharjee, a journalist who has reported on northeastern India, said there are many layers to today’s violence in Manipur. Land, jobs and economic interests in the region, including the illicit trade of narcotics, human trafficking and arms, makes Manipur one of the most strategic states in India, according to Bhattacharjee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another layer is the armed militias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the most important story is the rise of a civil guerrilla outfit amongst the Meiteis,” Bhattacharjee said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.outlookindia.com/national/explained-who-are-meitei-radical-group-arambai-tenggol-and-why-did-they-summon-manipur-lawmakers\">Arambai Tenggol\u003c/a>, a radical Meitei group that is allegedly abducting people and threatening the government, according to news reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are the ones who are spearheading the attack against the Kukis,” Bhattacharjee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mob violence has created a situation that Sanjib Baruah, a professor of political studies at Bard College, believes resembles a civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is ample evidence pointing to the fact that the state government bears the lion’s share of the responsibility for this violence,” he wrote in March in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23210230241235360\">Studies in Indian Politics\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an academic journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984055\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster of India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi hangs on a wall in Delhi, India, on March 31, 2024. The poster advertises the G20 summit, which took place in September 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chitra Ahanthem, an independent journalist, said many people, including the media, have oversimplified the conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not about the majority versus the minority. It’s not about the Hindu versus the Christian. It’s not about the poor tribal versus the entitled, majority community,” she said. “It’s much worse than that because the real reason is just too murky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes it comes down to geopolitics and India’s business interests in Myanmar, where a civil war has been raging since the military coup in 2021. She said the conflict in Manipur provides a reason for the central government to activate more forces in the region, which is useful for India to defend itself against China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahanthem was in Manipur in November to aid in the relief work. Because she is Meitei, she was only able to visit Meitei camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who have committed suicides inside relief camps because they don’t see a future,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People from the Meitei community in Delhi who have spoken out critically against the state government have had their homes in Manipur attacked by local militia, she said. Because of the retaliation tactics, many Meiteis in Delhi contacted by KQED said they did not want to speak to the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Society is on its back foot when you are not allowed to ask questions. And that’s exactly where Manipur is,” Ahanthem said. “That’s exactly where India is — that you cannot ask questions anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984058\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tara Hangzo buys vegetables from a shop owner from the Naga tribal community in Manipur in the Munirka neighborhood of Delhi, India, on March 30, 2024. “Will I ever have peace of mind? Will my community ever have a peace of mind? … Will we trust them, [Meitei people]?” Hangzo asked. “We will not be able to live together in peace for many years to come.” \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tara Hangzo (center right) prays during Good Friday services at the Evangelical Baptist Convention Church in Delhi, India, on March 29, 2024. Hangzo belongs to the predominantly Christian Kuki tribal community. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘At least we have one another here’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tara Hangzo’s life has drastically changed since coming to Delhi. It’s not just the extreme heat and cooler weather but also the water and food. Even the rice tastes different, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have very special rice. It’s almost sticky,” said Tara Hangzo, who continues to participate in the protest movement. “Everything was so natural and so fresh. We were living in a lap of nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984061\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984061\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ching Songput, daughter of Madhumati Khwairakpam, prepares tea in her kitchen in Delhi, India, on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She stops and looks at the stands on the side of the road to see if there are any items native to Manipur. She spends most of her time taking care of Khwairakpam and Junia Hangzo, her younger sister who has Down syndrome, with the help of her sister-in-law, whose husband died several years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ching Songput, Khwairakpam’s oldest daughter who is in Delhi for cancer treatment, doesn’t mind that she lost most of the material things like clothes and jewelry, but she wishes she still had the photo albums and videos from when her three daughters were young. Those were lost when the family’s compound was ransacked. The only photo recovered is of her mother and father, which is now in Khwairakpam’s Delhi apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly a week, 11 members of the family shared Songput’s three-bedroom apartment. The family is devout Christian and has formed friendships with many people in the Kuki Christian community in Delhi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a church, so we get busy with that,” Songput said. “We miss what we used to have in Imphal. But at least we have one another here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984063\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(From left) Ching Songput, Tara Hangzo, and Junia Hangzo shop for food at a market in Delhi, India, on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tara Hangzo (right) and her sister Junia Hangzo walk through Delhi, India, on March 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"One year ago, the family of Bay resident Niang Hangzo fled violence in India. Hangzo started an organization to help raise awareness of the ethnic conflict as her mother and other family members wondered how to rebuild their lives.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715054178,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":50,"wordCount":2503},"headData":{"title":"A Family Fled Ethnic Violence in India. Its Echoes Resonate in the Bay Area | KQED","description":"One year ago, the family of Bay resident Niang Hangzo fled violence in India. Hangzo started an organization to help raise awareness of the ethnic conflict as her mother and other family members wondered how to rebuild their lives.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"A Family Fled Ethnic Violence in India. Its Echoes Resonate in the Bay Area","datePublished":"2024-05-07T11:00:19.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T03:56:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/16456a17-ed24-447a-8d20-b16501067e3b/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985061/a-family-fled-ethnic-violence-in-india-they-still-feel-the-impacts-in-the-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This story was supported by the Pulitzer Center. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting on a chair in a rented apartment in Delhi, India, Madhumati Khwairakpam recalled fleeing her home in Manipur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 3, 2023, violence erupted after a local court awarded government benefits to the Meitei people, an ethnic group native to Manipur, a state in northeast India. A majority of the Meiteis practice Hinduism, though Manipur’s dominant ethnic community includes Muslims, Christians and followers of the traditional Sanamahi religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several tribal communities, including the Kuki, who are mostly Christian, protested the court ruling. Waves of armed Meitei mobs, unofficially supported by the state government according to activists and human rights groups, chanted “Death to Kukis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khwairakpam, an 87-year-old mother of 10 who identifies as Meitei, married into a Kuki family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2200\" height=\"1237\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004.jpg 2200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-004-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Madhumati Khwairakpam, 87, eats lunch on March 31, 2024, made primarily with vegetables grown in Manipur, which the family bought in Delhi. Right: Tara Hangzo holds a photo of her parents, Vungkham Hangzo (left) and Madhumati Khwairakpam, in the apartment Hangzo shares with her mother, Madhumati, and her sister and sister-in-law in Delhi, India, on March 31, 2024. The photo was recovered by Hangzo’s sister-in-law, Renu Takhellambam, at their home in Manipur after the house was looted following the violence that erupted on May 3, 2023. It was the only photo found at the home. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year ago this month, the lights in the family’s two-story home were off as they huddled silently in a bedroom. They heard the sound of windows being shattered by tossed stones. Someone called and said the nearby church had been lit aflame. The blasts from gas cylinders used for cooking shook the neighboring houses like bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reverberations were felt in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For roughly three decades, one of Khwairakpam’s daughters, Niang Hangzo, who was born and raised in Manipur, has lived in the Bay Area. Another daughter, Vung Hangzo, also lives in the Bay Area. According to \u003cem>The Mercury News\u003c/em>, people born in India \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/10/28/how-big-is-bay-area-boom-in-india-born-residents-together-theyd-rank-as-the-regions-fourth-largest-city/?clearUserState=true\">represent the largest immigrant group\u003c/a> in Santa Clara and Alameda counties. That’s about 250,000 people, as Indian immigrants have settled in Sunnyvale, Milpitas, Fremont and Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niang Hangzo co-founded an organization to raise awareness and support for the Kuki people. Bay Area residents who are part of the Indian diaspora attended protests in August. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/4/15/manipur-bjp-cm-inflamed-conflict-assam-rifles-report-on-india-violence\">More than 200 people have been killed\u003c/a> since the conflict in Manipur began, and 60,000 people, like Khwairakpam, have been displaced, according to Al Jazeera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of temples and churches have been reduced to ashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is unprecedented,” Niang Hangzo said. “The fact that they were burned seems to be very obvious that this is a real overt act of showing that ‘You guys don’t belong here.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Lakshmi Sarah and Beth LaBerge traveled to Delhi in March to see how Khwairakpam and her family are coping with the trauma of displacement. Khwairakpam told KQED she doesn’t have hope of seeing her home in Imphal, Manipur’s capital, again. She spoke in the Meitei language known as Manipuri, which was translated by Tara Manchin Hangzo, a daughter who lives with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984078\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984078 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madhumati Khwairakpam’s daughter, Niang Hangzo, displays side-by-side photos of her family posing in front of their home in Manipur on the left in 2012. On the right, an image of the house after it burned when ethnic violence erupted on May 3, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year ago, Khwairakpam and her family stood on the street as their home burned before running to a hotel operated by a Meitei man. Khwairakpam lost one of her slippers in the melee. They watched the mob grow on surveillance video. They stayed at the hotel until the police arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police escorted them to a police station and then to a Kuki woman’s house near the precinct, where they waited to be picked up by the Indian Army. Several family members stayed in a squalid relief camp for three nights before relatives in the United States helped 12 of them pay for flights to Delhi, the sprawling metropolitan area that’s 1,500 miles away from their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of them, we were able to escape,” Khwairakpam said of her family in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985075\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/23210438080991-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dozens of houses lay vandalized and burnt during ethnic clashes and rioting in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur on June 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Altaf Qadri/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khwairakpam doesn’t speak Hindi, the primary language spoken in Delhi. She’s had breathing problems when the air quality is hazardous. Her joints ached in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no fruit trees near their three-bedroom apartment like the ones that surrounded their home in Manipur. There isn’t space to sit outside or walk on the street without the blaring horns of cars navigating the congested roads. The family doesn’t know how long they can afford the tight quarters they share, yet they still come together to enjoy each other’s company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984050\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-008-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madhumati Khwairakpam, 87, rests in the room she shares with her daughter, Junia, while her daughter Tara sits with her on the bed at their apartment in Delhi on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984054\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984054\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-005-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Junia Hangzo, Khwairakpam’s youngest daughter, does laundry at the apartment she shares with her mother, sister, and sister-in-law in Delhi on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984053\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-003-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(From left) Jason Hangzo, 17, Renu Takhellambam, Jason’s mother, and Junia Hangzo drink tea together in their apartment in Delhi, India, on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘I didn’t believe it’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On May 4, 2023, Niang Hangzo received a WhatsApp message from her brother as she was on her way to her engineering job in San José. He said their house in Manipur was under attack, but she ignored the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe it,” she recalled. “It’s so preposterous. What’s he talking about?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984079\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240421-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-004-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Niang Hangzo sits inside her home in Aptos, California, on Feb. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She called her oldest sister, who was in Delhi for cancer treatment. It was true. According to Niang Hangzo, who knows many of the families living in the Bay Area who immigrated from Manipur, most of the mob were also from the local area. Some were neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They knew my mother,” she said. “She might have been the one who delivered them because she worked as a nurse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the violence, she formed the \u003ca href=\"https://namta.us/\">North American Manipur Tribal Association\u003c/a> with a former Imphal neighbor, who now lives in Texas, to preserve the heritage of Manipur’s tribal people. Doing something felt important, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The other option was to just stay and do nothing, just cry and console each other,” she said. “They lost everything. But beyond that, I think nobody anticipated it to be this long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11984693 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2200\" height=\"1238\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002.jpg 2200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240421-BayAreaManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-Diptych-002-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2200px) 100vw, 2200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Sisters Niang (left) and Vung Hangzo sit at Vung’s home in San José on April 21, 2024. Right: Vung Hangzo looks at a WhatsApp group chat with her sisters that shows a photo of their mother, Madhumati Khwairakpam, in Delhi, at her home in San José on April 21, 2024. The family primarily uses WhatsApp to keep in touch and get updates on the situation in Manipur. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who is currently seeking a historic third term, finally \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/india-modi-parliament-manipur-861226ea4158aaf3f278cc21cb0c9579\">broke his silence\u003c/a> more than three months after the violence began. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party holds power in Manipur, a hilly and mountainous state that shares an international border with Myanmar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict has impacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/world/asia/india-presidential-election-voting-manipur.html\">voting in the region\u003c/a>, as armed men have attacked polling stations, according to \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>. The third round of voting in the world’s largest general election is scheduled for today. There will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/india/why-does-voting-last-six-weeks-indias-general-election-2024-04-17/\">seven phases in total\u003c/a> and results will be announced on June 4. Niang Hangzo is afraid of what will happen when the news cycle moves on.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11957446","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230803-Manipur-02-KQED-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We could be annihilated, and nobody would know,” she said. “We need to have the government step up and the world to listen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 billion Indians are eligible to cast ballots, but Tara Hangzo isn’t one because the government has not established a way for \u003ca href=\"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/risk-to-life-makes-voting-tough-exercise-for-displaced/articleshow/109416369.cms\">internally displaced people to vote remotely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel that I’m not part of India. Why should we be denied our right to vote just because we are here in Delhi as a displaced person?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khwairakpam was forced to leave her home eight decades earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the spring of 1944, around the time of the Battle of Imphal, when Japanese troops attempted to break Allied lines to invade India through Myanmar, then known as Burma. British Indian troops forced the Japanese to retreat during the fighting that changed the course of World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kishalay Bhattacharjee, a journalist who has reported on northeastern India, said there are many layers to today’s violence in Manipur. Land, jobs and economic interests in the region, including the illicit trade of narcotics, human trafficking and arms, makes Manipur one of the most strategic states in India, according to Bhattacharjee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another layer is the armed militias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the most important story is the rise of a civil guerrilla outfit amongst the Meiteis,” Bhattacharjee said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.outlookindia.com/national/explained-who-are-meitei-radical-group-arambai-tenggol-and-why-did-they-summon-manipur-lawmakers\">Arambai Tenggol\u003c/a>, a radical Meitei group that is allegedly abducting people and threatening the government, according to news reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are the ones who are spearheading the attack against the Kukis,” Bhattacharjee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mob violence has created a situation that Sanjib Baruah, a professor of political studies at Bard College, believes resembles a civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is ample evidence pointing to the fact that the state government bears the lion’s share of the responsibility for this violence,” he wrote in March in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23210230241235360\">Studies in Indian Politics\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an academic journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984055\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240331-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-031-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster of India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi hangs on a wall in Delhi, India, on March 31, 2024. The poster advertises the G20 summit, which took place in September 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chitra Ahanthem, an independent journalist, said many people, including the media, have oversimplified the conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not about the majority versus the minority. It’s not about the Hindu versus the Christian. It’s not about the poor tribal versus the entitled, majority community,” she said. “It’s much worse than that because the real reason is just too murky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes it comes down to geopolitics and India’s business interests in Myanmar, where a civil war has been raging since the military coup in 2021. She said the conflict in Manipur provides a reason for the central government to activate more forces in the region, which is useful for India to defend itself against China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahanthem was in Manipur in November to aid in the relief work. Because she is Meitei, she was only able to visit Meitei camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who have committed suicides inside relief camps because they don’t see a future,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People from the Meitei community in Delhi who have spoken out critically against the state government have had their homes in Manipur attacked by local militia, she said. Because of the retaliation tactics, many Meiteis in Delhi contacted by KQED said they did not want to speak to the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Society is on its back foot when you are not allowed to ask questions. And that’s exactly where Manipur is,” Ahanthem said. “That’s exactly where India is — that you cannot ask questions anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984058\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240330-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-025-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tara Hangzo buys vegetables from a shop owner from the Naga tribal community in Manipur in the Munirka neighborhood of Delhi, India, on March 30, 2024. “Will I ever have peace of mind? Will my community ever have a peace of mind? … Will we trust them, [Meitei people]?” Hangzo asked. “We will not be able to live together in peace for many years to come.” \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tara Hangzo (center right) prays during Good Friday services at the Evangelical Baptist Convention Church in Delhi, India, on March 29, 2024. Hangzo belongs to the predominantly Christian Kuki tribal community. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘At least we have one another here’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tara Hangzo’s life has drastically changed since coming to Delhi. It’s not just the extreme heat and cooler weather but also the water and food. Even the rice tastes different, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have very special rice. It’s almost sticky,” said Tara Hangzo, who continues to participate in the protest movement. “Everything was so natural and so fresh. We were living in a lap of nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984061\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984061\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240329-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-018-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ching Songput, daughter of Madhumati Khwairakpam, prepares tea in her kitchen in Delhi, India, on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She stops and looks at the stands on the side of the road to see if there are any items native to Manipur. She spends most of her time taking care of Khwairakpam and Junia Hangzo, her younger sister who has Down syndrome, with the help of her sister-in-law, whose husband died several years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ching Songput, Khwairakpam’s oldest daughter who is in Delhi for cancer treatment, doesn’t mind that she lost most of the material things like clothes and jewelry, but she wishes she still had the photo albums and videos from when her three daughters were young. Those were lost when the family’s compound was ransacked. The only photo recovered is of her mother and father, which is now in Khwairakpam’s Delhi apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly a week, 11 members of the family shared Songput’s three-bedroom apartment. The family is devout Christian and has formed friendships with many people in the Kuki Christian community in Delhi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a church, so we get busy with that,” Songput said. “We miss what we used to have in Imphal. But at least we have one another here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984063\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984063\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240327-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-010-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(From left) Ching Songput, Tara Hangzo, and Junia Hangzo shop for food at a market in Delhi, India, on March 27, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11984064\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11984064\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240326-ManipurIndia-BethLaBerge-001-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tara Hangzo (right) and her sister Junia Hangzo walk through Delhi, India, on March 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985061/a-family-fled-ethnic-violence-in-india-they-still-feel-the-impacts-in-the-bay-area","authors":["11626","11667"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_1386","news_27626","news_20202","news_18436","news_17968","news_18536"],"featImg":"news_11984048","label":"news"},"news_11985122":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985122","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985122","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-remarkable-groundwater-recharge-hits-over-4-million-acre-feet","title":"California Groundwater Surges After Torrential Rain and Snowstorms","publishDate":1715092202,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Groundwater Surges After Torrential Rain and Snowstorms | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>After massive \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-storm-atmospheric-river-a220927b40b0eb5cc3e45f2b5f204e2f\">downpours flooded California’s rivers\u003c/a> and packed mountains with snow, the state reported Monday the first increase in groundwater supplies in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state saw 4.1 million acre-feet of managed groundwater recharge in the water year ending in September and an 8.7 million acre-feet increase in groundwater storage, California’s Department of Water Resources said. Groundwater supplies are critical to growing much of the country’s fresh produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The semiannual report came after water officials stepped up efforts during last year’s rains to capture water flows from melting \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/weather-california-droughts-climate-and-environment-storms-6816d3f123af4b2b33e2d0ca5d4f45bf\">snowpack\u003c/a> in the mountains and encouraged farmers to \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-farms-groundwater-recharge-drought-pumping-234e0303f9211ed8675132f3f5466ef5\">flood fields\u003c/a> to replenish groundwater basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impressive recharge numbers in 2023 are the result of hard work by the local agencies combined with dedicated efforts from the state, but we must do more to be prepared to capture and store water when the wet years come,” Paul Gosselin, deputy director of sustainable water management for the agency, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has sought to step up groundwater recharge with ever-drier years expected from \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/climate-change\">climate change\u003c/a>. Much of the state’s population counts on groundwater for drinking water in their homes, and farmers that grow much of the country’s food rely on the precious resource for crops ranging from carrots and almonds to berries and leafy greens.[aside postID=news_11970558 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/15070582505_2539dd4809_o-1020x680.jpg']For many years, Californians pumped groundwater from wells without measuring how much they were taking. However, as some \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-climate-and-environment-e49c8c5c34ead7ef7f83b770082f20bc\">wells ran dry\u003c/a> and land began sinking, the state enacted a law requiring local communities to start measuring and regulating groundwater pumping to ensure the basins would be sustainable for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monday’s report, California water officials noted that some areas where land had been sinking saw a rebound as users pumped less groundwater since more surface water was available following the rains. Overall, the state extracted 9.5 million acre-feet of groundwater during the last water year, down from 17 million a year before, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some California farmers have reported a recovery in their wells this year, prompting them to question how much the state needs to cut groundwater pumping. Joaquin Contente, a dairy farmer in the crop-rich San Joaquin Valley, said he has seen a recovery in his wells, with one returning to 19 feet deep from more than 30 feet deep two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve already come back to almost a normal level,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials welcomed the recharge but said it would take five rainy years like last year to boost groundwater storage to levels needed after so many years of overpumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California’s Department of Water Resources said Monday the state saw 4.1 million acre-feet of managed groundwater recharge in the water year ending in September.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715037916,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":477},"headData":{"title":"California Groundwater Surges After Torrential Rain and Snowstorms | KQED","description":"California’s Department of Water Resources said Monday the state saw 4.1 million acre-feet of managed groundwater recharge in the water year ending in September.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Groundwater Surges After Torrential Rain and Snowstorms","datePublished":"2024-05-07T14:30:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-06T23:25:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"The Associated Press","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985122/californias-remarkable-groundwater-recharge-hits-over-4-million-acre-feet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After massive \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-storm-atmospheric-river-a220927b40b0eb5cc3e45f2b5f204e2f\">downpours flooded California’s rivers\u003c/a> and packed mountains with snow, the state reported Monday the first increase in groundwater supplies in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state saw 4.1 million acre-feet of managed groundwater recharge in the water year ending in September and an 8.7 million acre-feet increase in groundwater storage, California’s Department of Water Resources said. Groundwater supplies are critical to growing much of the country’s fresh produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The semiannual report came after water officials stepped up efforts during last year’s rains to capture water flows from melting \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/weather-california-droughts-climate-and-environment-storms-6816d3f123af4b2b33e2d0ca5d4f45bf\">snowpack\u003c/a> in the mountains and encouraged farmers to \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-farms-groundwater-recharge-drought-pumping-234e0303f9211ed8675132f3f5466ef5\">flood fields\u003c/a> to replenish groundwater basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impressive recharge numbers in 2023 are the result of hard work by the local agencies combined with dedicated efforts from the state, but we must do more to be prepared to capture and store water when the wet years come,” Paul Gosselin, deputy director of sustainable water management for the agency, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has sought to step up groundwater recharge with ever-drier years expected from \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/climate-change\">climate change\u003c/a>. Much of the state’s population counts on groundwater for drinking water in their homes, and farmers that grow much of the country’s food rely on the precious resource for crops ranging from carrots and almonds to berries and leafy greens.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11970558","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/15070582505_2539dd4809_o-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For many years, Californians pumped groundwater from wells without measuring how much they were taking. However, as some \u003ca style=\"font-weight: var(--font-weight-reg)\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-climate-and-environment-e49c8c5c34ead7ef7f83b770082f20bc\">wells ran dry\u003c/a> and land began sinking, the state enacted a law requiring local communities to start measuring and regulating groundwater pumping to ensure the basins would be sustainable for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Monday’s report, California water officials noted that some areas where land had been sinking saw a rebound as users pumped less groundwater since more surface water was available following the rains. Overall, the state extracted 9.5 million acre-feet of groundwater during the last water year, down from 17 million a year before, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some California farmers have reported a recovery in their wells this year, prompting them to question how much the state needs to cut groundwater pumping. Joaquin Contente, a dairy farmer in the crop-rich San Joaquin Valley, said he has seen a recovery in his wells, with one returning to 19 feet deep from more than 30 feet deep two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve already come back to almost a normal level,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials welcomed the recharge but said it would take five rainy years like last year to boost groundwater storage to levels needed after so many years of overpumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985122/californias-remarkable-groundwater-recharge-hits-over-4-million-acre-feet","authors":["byline_news_11985122"],"categories":["news_8","news_356"],"tags":["news_18538","news_19204","news_20023","news_5892","news_3187"],"featImg":"news_11985123","label":"news"},"news_11985069":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11985069","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11985069","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"who-owns-the-apartment-next-door-california-agency-says-it-will-take-millions-to-find-out","title":"Who Owns the Apartment Next Door? California Agency Says it Will Take Millions to Find Out","publishDate":1715022015,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Who Owns the Apartment Next Door? California Agency Says it Will Take Millions to Find Out | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Who is the flesh-and-blood landlord with a city-spanning portfolio of apartments concealed behind an obscurely named limited liability company? Who is the proprietor of a local restaurant, hotel or regional car wash chain shrouded beneath a corporate veil?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who actually owns what in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three years, a coalition of anti-eviction advocates, unions, legal aid organizations, affordable housing boosters, workers rights groups and pro-transparency activists have been demanding that the state make it easier to answer those questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for three years, those efforts have failed in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of this year’s version, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1201?slug=CA_202320240SB1201\">Senate Bill 1201,\u003c/a> authored by \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/maria-elena-durazo-165445\">Sen. María Elena Durazo\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles Democrat, now worry that their fourth effort will soon meet a similar fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses operating in California must regularly submit documents to the Secretary of State that list the company’s name and address, along with those of its top managers and anyone responsible for receiving legal filings on the company’s behalf. That information is publicly available on the \u003ca href=\"https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/search/business\">Secretary of State’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Durazo’s bill would add an additional disclosure requirement: The names and home or business addresses of “beneficial owners” — defined as anyone who “exercises substantial control” or owns at least 25% of a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11983000,news_11945744,news_11984610\" label=\"Related Stories\"]As Durazo \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257789?t=1504&f=9894c3d5281deb91c62d4cf1b0cd7321\">explained at a recent Senate committee hearing\u003c/a>, the bill is “simply adding one line on the forms that anybody fills out…It’s not asking for any more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet last week, the Senate Appropriations Committee, tasked with putting a fiscal price tag on pending legislation, said implementing the bill would cost the state $9.3 million in its first year and nearly $3 million every year after that. The majority of those ongoing expenses would go toward paying the estimated 24 state employees that Secretary of State analysts say are needed to make the bill work. That would represent \u003ca href=\"https://admin.cdn.sos.ca.gov/reports/2024/bus-filing-processing-time-report-march-2024.pdf\">roughly 10% of the agency’s workforce \u003c/a>that now processes business filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though $9 million is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/04/budget-deficit-california-deal/\">couch cushion change by California budgetary standards\u003c/a>, the bill’s supporters say the number mystifies them. For a 2020 bill requiring the Secretary of State to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3075\">add a different question to the same form\u003c/a>, the fiscal estimate was a mere $561,000 in the first year and $79,000 thereafter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an example of a good governance bill that will fail because of bad governance,” said Jyotswaroop Bawa with the progressive nonprofit Rise Economy, which is sponsoring the bill. “By not collecting beneficial owner information, the Secretary of State’s office is allowing chaos to continue with impunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bawa and other supporters of the bill say publishing ownership information will make it easier for tenants, workers and regulators to track down scofflaw landlords and other business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the bill, which include state and local landlord groups, the California Association of Realtors and the California Chamber of Commerce, argue that it is already easy enough to contact a business and that disclosing the identities of individual owners would violate their privacy and enable harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Secretary of State’s office refused to break down sky-high estimate\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Once a bill receives a big cost estimate, it’s put in a list known\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2017/09/capitol-suspense-california-bills-vanish-almost-without-trace/\"> as the “suspense file.”\u003c/a> Then, in marathon sessions held twice a year, the Assembly and Senate appropriations committees rapidly tick through every bill on that list, passing some along and killing others without debate or a public vote. The first legislative culling of the year is set for mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With its seven-digit cost estimate, Bawa said she worries SB 1201 will be the latest victim of “death by price tag,” especially when the state is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/04/budget-deficit-california-deal/\">facing a multibillion-dollar deficit\u003c/a>. And it wouldn’t be the first time this idea has died a quiet procedural death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, a bill that would have required companies to unveil their human owners when filing business records with the state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1199\">didn’t get a hearing\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB889\">revived attempt\u003c/a> the next year failed in the Senate after a majority on a key committee \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/digital-democracy/2024/04/california-democrats-no-votes/\">declined to cast a vote “yes” or “no” but simply abstained\u003c/a>. Last year, a third try succumbed to the suspense file after the bill was dinged with a $9 million cost estimate from the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In coming up with this year’s figure, the Senate \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/202320240SB1201_Senate-Appropriations.pdf\">committee’s fiscal analysis\u003c/a> said it got the estimates from the Secretary of State. Itemized totals include $3 million in “IT project costs” and more than $2 million in “mailing costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Secretary of State’s office refused to answer specific questions from CalMatters about the bill’s cost estimate but instead responded by email with an unsigned statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Office of the Secretary of State continues to be involved in deliberations and ongoing discussions with legislative staff related to SB 1201. In furtherance of this process, we must respectfully decline to publicly comment on the substantive or fiscal issues associated with the bill at this early point in the legislative process,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the office “did not provide context” for its fiscal breakdown, the committee analysis says, the Secretary of State expressed more detailed concerns over last year’s version of the bill. Back then, the office warned that investigating and verifying the ownership information through a modified form would be costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, as currently written, does not require the Secretary of State to perform that due diligence, which led an earlier Senate committee to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1201#\">raise concerns about the bill’s effectiveness.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘We could do it for $200’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Corporations and limited liability companies exist in part to ensure that investors in a company aren’t held directly legally responsible for the things that that company does or doesn’t do. If a company maintains unsafe conditions at a rental property, a tenant can sue the company itself, seeking damages from the corporate treasury but not from the business owner’s personal checking account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicizing an owner’s name and address, then, doesn’t serve an obvious legal purpose, said Debra Carlton, a spokesperson for the California Apartment Association. Landlords can always be reached through the property management companies they employ. Lawsuits can always be served to a company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/business-programs/business-entities/service-process\">listed representative.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The point of the corporate veil is that you go after the corporation’s assets” in a lawsuit, said Carlton, but it doesn’t prevent landlords from getting sued. “You see lawsuits every day being brought against the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Silver, a lawyer who represents cities and counties in substandard housing cases, agreed that Durazo’s bill isn’t likely to make his work easier going after negligent landlords. It’s often quicker to serve court papers to a corporation or LLC than “an individual slumlord” who doesn’t have a paper trail or web presence, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a path that leads you from the corporate name to the people who actually own it, ultimately, and we will find them and hold them responsible,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are times when it’s crucial to track down a human business owner quickly, long before matters end up at court, said Larry Brooks, who runs the residential lead prevention program for Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers a case in 2022 when twin toddlers were found living in an old apartment with flaking paint. Lead levels in their blood were so high the children were immediately hospitalized. The twins’ parents, undocumented immigrants, initially refused to put Brooks and his team in touch with the building’s property management company, fearing eviction or deportation, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Brooks began hunting on his own. He turned first to the county assessor’s office to find the property owner’s name, then plugged that name into the Secretary of State’s database. The corporate documents there only listed a street address. Brooks struggled to connect that address with a phone number or email address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, a county nurse persuaded the twins’ mother to share the phone number of a Sacramento-based property management company. That company put Brooks in touch with the owner, a corporation in Texas, he said. The entire process took two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish that there were some state or federal law that required every corporate landlord to have a local contact,” said Brooks, who has also advised Human Impact Partners, a public health nonprofit that supports Durazo’s bill. “In a situation like with the twins, where the blood lead levels were so high they were life-threatening, and the kids had to be rushed to the hospital, you want to be able to call somebody immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks said he couldn’t share additional information about the children or the landlord, citing medical privacy laws and pending litigation. CalMatters was unable to verify the details of the story independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making it easier to find the name and address of a business owner would provide a treasure trove of data for tenant rights organizations, housing researchers and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-02-24/rental-housing-shell-companies-landlords\">investigative reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it would also be a boon for would-be harassers and activists, said Carlton. “I can’t figure out what their true purpose is,” she said of the bill’s sponsors. “They want to shame people publicly, maybe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carlton was also puzzled by the $9 million cost estimate: “I almost felt like saying, ‘We could do it,’” she said. “We could do it for $200.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A legislative effort to force LLCs and corporations to publicly disclose their owners publicly faces a surprising obstacle: A massive cost estimate from the Secretary of State.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715026267,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1673},"headData":{"title":"Who Owns the Apartment Next Door? California Agency Says it Will Take Millions to Find Out | KQED","description":"A legislative effort to force LLCs and corporations to publicly disclose their owners publicly faces a surprising obstacle: A massive cost estimate from the Secretary of State.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Who Owns the Apartment Next Door? California Agency Says it Will Take Millions to Find Out","datePublished":"2024-05-06T19:00:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-06T20:11:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Ben Christopher, CalMatters","nprStoryId":"kqed-11985069","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11985069/who-owns-the-apartment-next-door-california-agency-says-it-will-take-millions-to-find-out","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who is the flesh-and-blood landlord with a city-spanning portfolio of apartments concealed behind an obscurely named limited liability company? Who is the proprietor of a local restaurant, hotel or regional car wash chain shrouded beneath a corporate veil?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who actually owns what in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three years, a coalition of anti-eviction advocates, unions, legal aid organizations, affordable housing boosters, workers rights groups and pro-transparency activists have been demanding that the state make it easier to answer those questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for three years, those efforts have failed in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of this year’s version, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1201?slug=CA_202320240SB1201\">Senate Bill 1201,\u003c/a> authored by \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/maria-elena-durazo-165445\">Sen. María Elena Durazo\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles Democrat, now worry that their fourth effort will soon meet a similar fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses operating in California must regularly submit documents to the Secretary of State that list the company’s name and address, along with those of its top managers and anyone responsible for receiving legal filings on the company’s behalf. That information is publicly available on the \u003ca href=\"https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/search/business\">Secretary of State’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Durazo’s bill would add an additional disclosure requirement: The names and home or business addresses of “beneficial owners” — defined as anyone who “exercises substantial control” or owns at least 25% of a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11983000,news_11945744,news_11984610","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As Durazo \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/257789?t=1504&f=9894c3d5281deb91c62d4cf1b0cd7321\">explained at a recent Senate committee hearing\u003c/a>, the bill is “simply adding one line on the forms that anybody fills out…It’s not asking for any more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet last week, the Senate Appropriations Committee, tasked with putting a fiscal price tag on pending legislation, said implementing the bill would cost the state $9.3 million in its first year and nearly $3 million every year after that. The majority of those ongoing expenses would go toward paying the estimated 24 state employees that Secretary of State analysts say are needed to make the bill work. That would represent \u003ca href=\"https://admin.cdn.sos.ca.gov/reports/2024/bus-filing-processing-time-report-march-2024.pdf\">roughly 10% of the agency’s workforce \u003c/a>that now processes business filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though $9 million is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/04/budget-deficit-california-deal/\">couch cushion change by California budgetary standards\u003c/a>, the bill’s supporters say the number mystifies them. For a 2020 bill requiring the Secretary of State to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3075\">add a different question to the same form\u003c/a>, the fiscal estimate was a mere $561,000 in the first year and $79,000 thereafter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an example of a good governance bill that will fail because of bad governance,” said Jyotswaroop Bawa with the progressive nonprofit Rise Economy, which is sponsoring the bill. “By not collecting beneficial owner information, the Secretary of State’s office is allowing chaos to continue with impunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bawa and other supporters of the bill say publishing ownership information will make it easier for tenants, workers and regulators to track down scofflaw landlords and other business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the bill, which include state and local landlord groups, the California Association of Realtors and the California Chamber of Commerce, argue that it is already easy enough to contact a business and that disclosing the identities of individual owners would violate their privacy and enable harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Secretary of State’s office refused to break down sky-high estimate\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Once a bill receives a big cost estimate, it’s put in a list known\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2017/09/capitol-suspense-california-bills-vanish-almost-without-trace/\"> as the “suspense file.”\u003c/a> Then, in marathon sessions held twice a year, the Assembly and Senate appropriations committees rapidly tick through every bill on that list, passing some along and killing others without debate or a public vote. The first legislative culling of the year is set for mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With its seven-digit cost estimate, Bawa said she worries SB 1201 will be the latest victim of “death by price tag,” especially when the state is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/04/budget-deficit-california-deal/\">facing a multibillion-dollar deficit\u003c/a>. And it wouldn’t be the first time this idea has died a quiet procedural death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, a bill that would have required companies to unveil their human owners when filing business records with the state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1199\">didn’t get a hearing\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB889\">revived attempt\u003c/a> the next year failed in the Senate after a majority on a key committee \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/digital-democracy/2024/04/california-democrats-no-votes/\">declined to cast a vote “yes” or “no” but simply abstained\u003c/a>. Last year, a third try succumbed to the suspense file after the bill was dinged with a $9 million cost estimate from the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In coming up with this year’s figure, the Senate \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/202320240SB1201_Senate-Appropriations.pdf\">committee’s fiscal analysis\u003c/a> said it got the estimates from the Secretary of State. Itemized totals include $3 million in “IT project costs” and more than $2 million in “mailing costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Secretary of State’s office refused to answer specific questions from CalMatters about the bill’s cost estimate but instead responded by email with an unsigned statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Office of the Secretary of State continues to be involved in deliberations and ongoing discussions with legislative staff related to SB 1201. In furtherance of this process, we must respectfully decline to publicly comment on the substantive or fiscal issues associated with the bill at this early point in the legislative process,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the office “did not provide context” for its fiscal breakdown, the committee analysis says, the Secretary of State expressed more detailed concerns over last year’s version of the bill. Back then, the office warned that investigating and verifying the ownership information through a modified form would be costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, as currently written, does not require the Secretary of State to perform that due diligence, which led an earlier Senate committee to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1201#\">raise concerns about the bill’s effectiveness.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘We could do it for $200’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Corporations and limited liability companies exist in part to ensure that investors in a company aren’t held directly legally responsible for the things that that company does or doesn’t do. If a company maintains unsafe conditions at a rental property, a tenant can sue the company itself, seeking damages from the corporate treasury but not from the business owner’s personal checking account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicizing an owner’s name and address, then, doesn’t serve an obvious legal purpose, said Debra Carlton, a spokesperson for the California Apartment Association. Landlords can always be reached through the property management companies they employ. Lawsuits can always be served to a company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/business-programs/business-entities/service-process\">listed representative.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The point of the corporate veil is that you go after the corporation’s assets” in a lawsuit, said Carlton, but it doesn’t prevent landlords from getting sued. “You see lawsuits every day being brought against the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Silver, a lawyer who represents cities and counties in substandard housing cases, agreed that Durazo’s bill isn’t likely to make his work easier going after negligent landlords. It’s often quicker to serve court papers to a corporation or LLC than “an individual slumlord” who doesn’t have a paper trail or web presence, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a path that leads you from the corporate name to the people who actually own it, ultimately, and we will find them and hold them responsible,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are times when it’s crucial to track down a human business owner quickly, long before matters end up at court, said Larry Brooks, who runs the residential lead prevention program for Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers a case in 2022 when twin toddlers were found living in an old apartment with flaking paint. Lead levels in their blood were so high the children were immediately hospitalized. The twins’ parents, undocumented immigrants, initially refused to put Brooks and his team in touch with the building’s property management company, fearing eviction or deportation, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Brooks began hunting on his own. He turned first to the county assessor’s office to find the property owner’s name, then plugged that name into the Secretary of State’s database. The corporate documents there only listed a street address. Brooks struggled to connect that address with a phone number or email address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, a county nurse persuaded the twins’ mother to share the phone number of a Sacramento-based property management company. That company put Brooks in touch with the owner, a corporation in Texas, he said. The entire process took two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish that there were some state or federal law that required every corporate landlord to have a local contact,” said Brooks, who has also advised Human Impact Partners, a public health nonprofit that supports Durazo’s bill. “In a situation like with the twins, where the blood lead levels were so high they were life-threatening, and the kids had to be rushed to the hospital, you want to be able to call somebody immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks said he couldn’t share additional information about the children or the landlord, citing medical privacy laws and pending litigation. CalMatters was unable to verify the details of the story independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making it easier to find the name and address of a business owner would provide a treasure trove of data for tenant rights organizations, housing researchers and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-02-24/rental-housing-shell-companies-landlords\">investigative reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it would also be a boon for would-be harassers and activists, said Carlton. “I can’t figure out what their true purpose is,” she said of the bill’s sponsors. “They want to shame people publicly, maybe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carlton was also puzzled by the $9 million cost estimate: “I almost felt like saying, ‘We could do it,’” she said. “We could do it for $200.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11985069/who-owns-the-apartment-next-door-california-agency-says-it-will-take-millions-to-find-out","authors":["byline_news_11985069"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_28458","news_1775","news_1852"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11985077","label":"news_18481"},"forum_2010101905638":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905638","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905638","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sfmomas-new-collaboration-with-artists-with-disabilities","title":"SFMOMA’s New Collaboration with Artists with Disabilities","publishDate":1715035387,"format":"audio","headTitle":"SFMOMA’s New Collaboration with Artists with Disabilities | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>If you go to the SFMOMA right now, it’ll be hard to miss the massive, 32-foot wide mural depicting a utopian, fantastical and hopeful version of San Francisco. The mural is the opening to a historic exhibition, “The House that Art Built,” which showcases eleven artists with developmental disabilities who are associated with Oakland-based nonprofit Creative Growth. In addition to the exhibition, SFMOMA has also permanently acquired more than 100 works created by artists with developmental disabilities. We’ll talk about the stunning exhibition, the acquisition and the future for artists with disabilities in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery ids=\"2010101905663,2010101905665,2010101905664,2010101905662,2010101905660,2010101905661,2010101905657,2010101905658,2010101905659\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"We’ll talk about the stunning exhibition, the acquisition and the future for artists with disabilities in the Bay Area.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715109048,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":true,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":117},"headData":{"title":"SFMOMA’s New Collaboration with Artists with Disabilities | KQED","description":"We’ll talk about the stunning exhibition, the acquisition and the future for artists with disabilities in the Bay Area.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"SFMOMA’s New Collaboration with Artists with Disabilities","datePublished":"2024-05-06T22:43:07.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T19:10:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC9652797629.mp3?updated=1715109263","airdate":1715097600,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Joseph Alef","bio":"artist, Creative Growth; Alef has a painting in the SFMOMA "},{"name":"Susan Janow","bio":"artist, Creative Growth; Janow has a video piece in the SFMOMA; her work was previously acquired by the SFMOMA in 2018"},{"name":"William Scott","bio":"artist, Creative Growth; Scott has a mural in the SFMOMA; his work was previously acquired by the SFMOMA in 2017"},{"name":"Chris Bedford","bio":"director, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) "},{"name":"Tom Di Maria","bio":"executive director, Creative Growth Art Center"}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905638/sfmomas-new-collaboration-with-artists-with-disabilities","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you go to the SFMOMA right now, it’ll be hard to miss the massive, 32-foot wide mural depicting a utopian, fantastical and hopeful version of San Francisco. The mural is the opening to a historic exhibition, “The House that Art Built,” which showcases eleven artists with developmental disabilities who are associated with Oakland-based nonprofit Creative Growth. In addition to the exhibition, SFMOMA has also permanently acquired more than 100 works created by artists with developmental disabilities. We’ll talk about the stunning exhibition, the acquisition and the future for artists with disabilities in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"gallery","attributes":{"named":{"ids":"2010101905663,2010101905665,2010101905664,2010101905662,2010101905660,2010101905661,2010101905657,2010101905658,2010101905659","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905638/sfmomas-new-collaboration-with-artists-with-disabilities","authors":["11757"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905639","label":"forum"},"forum_2010101905643":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905643","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905643","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"amor-towles-on-his-new-short-story-collection-table-for-two","title":"Amor Towles on his New Short Story Collection 'Table for Two'","publishDate":1715040070,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Amor Towles on his New Short Story Collection ‘Table for Two’ | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>Amor Towles says the title of his new book “Table for Two” arose from a subconscious conviction “that our lives can often change materially due to a single conversation.” And it’s the power of a conversation – or a chance encounter or a sudden decision – to force a personal or historical reckoning that animate the characters in his latest work, a collection of six stories and a novella set in in New York and Los Angeles. We talk to Towles, who’s also the bestselling author of “A Gentleman in Moscow” and “The Lincoln Highway,” about finding inspiration for his stories, how history informs his work and what it’s like to see his novels adapted for the screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715109581,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":134},"headData":{"title":"Amor Towles on his New Short Story Collection 'Table for Two' | KQED","description":"Amor Towles says the title of his new book “Table for Two” arose from a subconscious conviction “that our lives can often change materially due to a single conversation.” And it’s the power of a conversation – or a chance encounter or a sudden decision – to force a personal or historical reckoning that animate the characters in his latest work, a collection of six stories and a novella set in in New York and Los Angeles. We talk to Towles, who’s also the bestselling author of “A Gentleman in Moscow” and “The Lincoln Highway,” about finding inspiration for his","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Amor Towles on his New Short Story Collection 'Table for Two'","datePublished":"2024-05-07T00:01:10.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-07T19:19:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5294031054.mp3?updated=1715109647","airdate":1715101200,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Amor Towles","bio":"author, \"Table for Two.\" His other books include \"The Lincoln Highway,\" \"A Gentleman in Moscow\" and \"Rules of Civility.\" "}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905643/amor-towles-on-his-new-short-story-collection-table-for-two","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amor Towles says the title of his new book “Table for Two” arose from a subconscious conviction “that our lives can often change materially due to a single conversation.” And it’s the power of a conversation – or a chance encounter or a sudden decision – to force a personal or historical reckoning that animate the characters in his latest work, a collection of six stories and a novella set in in New York and Los Angeles. We talk to Towles, who’s also the bestselling author of “A Gentleman in Moscow” and “The Lincoln Highway,” about finding inspiration for his stories, how history informs his work and what it’s like to see his novels adapted for the screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905643/amor-towles-on-his-new-short-story-collection-table-for-two","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905644","label":"forum"},"news_11129842":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11129842","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11129842","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-secretive-marijuana-industry-whispers-of-abuse-and-trafficking","title":"In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking","publishDate":1476486715,"format":"image","headTitle":"Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was part of a special edition of KQED's The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/\">\u003cem>revealnews.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/podcast\">\u003cem>revealnews.org/podcast\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he trees towered above them, limbs etched in black against the night sky. He steered his pickup down a narrow path of mud and rocks and parked in front of a trailer. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to get up early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began groping her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t you have a wife?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woods seemed to crawl with creatures; the ground was slick with rain. As wilderness pulsed around them, she ran through the possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she fled, would she find her way out? If she fought back, would he hurt her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the special edition of The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigation Reporting:\u003c/em>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287778617\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Emerald Triangle, trees are ever present. They peek over small towns and dip into valleys, sheathing this cluster of remote Northern California counties in silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the ancient forests here have provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry, shielding pot farmers from convention, outsiders and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation. Some have spoken out; a handful have pressed charges. Most have confided only in private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from the nearest college, Humboldt State University, return from a summer of trimming marijuana buds with tales of being forced to give their boss a blow job to get paid. Other “trimmigrants,” who typically work during the June-to-November harvest, recount offers of higher wages to trim topless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one harvest season, two growers began having sex with their teenage trimmer. When they feared she would run away, they locked her inside an oversized toolbox with breathing holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact with law enforcement is rare and, female trimmigrants say, rarely satisfying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Verifying their stories is as difficult as finding your way through the forest at night, down twisty dirt roads, to one of the backwoods marijuana farms. During months of reporting in the region, Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting unearthed dozens of accounts of sexual exploitation, abuse and trafficking. Victims’ advocates say the problem is far larger and, with every harvest, continues to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women believe they are getting hired for trimming work, and then they’re drugged and raped,” said Maryann Hayes Mariani, a coordinator for the North Coast Rape Crisis Team. “Everybody looks at (the region) like it’s the Land of Oz. I’m just so tired of pretending like it’s not happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet law enforcement repeatedly has failed to investigate abuse and sexual violence in the industry. Instead, officers mostly focus on what they view as the root cause of the problem: the drug trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rural counties of Northern California, marijuana is still a largely underground industry, worth billions. Last year, legal California sales alone were valued at $2.7 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"https://frontierfinancials.com/product/california/?ref=AMR\">The ArcView Group\u003c/a>, a marijuana market research firm. Sales are projected to balloon to $6.4 billion by 2020 if marijuana is legalized for recreational use. It’s big business, drawing busloads of job seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130068\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of trimmigrants who go missing alone is overwhelming for law enforcement, fueling an epidemic of the lost. In 2015, Humboldt County reported 352 missing people, more per capita than any other county in \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/missing/stats\">the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an artist from San Francisco disappeared in the Humboldt County town of Garberville last harvest season, her mother and roommate filed a missing persons report. Months later, she resurfaced to tell her family she had been held against her will on a marijuana farm, drugged and sexually abused. She never formally reported her abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the time of her disappearance, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldtgov.org/187/Sheriffs-Office\">Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a>had labeled her a “voluntary missing adult.” They flagged the case as a low priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people come to Humboldt each year to work on the marijuana farms,” the deputy who took the report told her roommate \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035995-Screen-Shot-2016-08-29-at-3-47-56-PM.html\">in an email\u003c/a>. “So far she is falling into the same category as many others have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to women and girls who come of their own volition to trim, others are brought in specifically to provide sex services. Come harvest season, escorts flood these rural areas, drawn to the large population of male growers and laborers who spend months at a time alone on isolated mountain farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Prose, an investigator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.eureka.ca.gov/depts/police/\">Eureka Police Departmen\u003c/a>t, said sex traffickers know law enforcement agencies have little interest in cracking down on them. None of the county agencies surveyed by Reveal have investigators assigned to human trafficking. Prose himself is semi-retired; he investigates trafficking cases when he has time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130072\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For women, the dangers are due in part to the gender dynamics in the industry. Growing is a male-dominated field, and many growers prefer to hire female trimmers. Several told Reveal that they believe women are more dexterous, making them more efficient workers. Others are looking for company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these younger guys don’t have regular relationships because they’re out in the hills growing weed, but they still want a girl,” Prose said. “It sounds kind of crude, but they seek female companionship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, many marijuana farms are responsible operations. Most workers describe good experiences, including excellent pay, food and shelter. Many also welcome the unusual working conditions of an industry long at odds with mainstream culture and the law. Drug use on the job, for instance, is common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters will decide whether to fully \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/complete-vig.pdf\">legalize recreational marijuana\u003c/a>. But such use remains illegal under federal and most state laws, and the culture of silence is so embedded in the state’s industry – the nation’s top black market supplier – it seems unlikely that legalization alone will dramatically alter the landscape for women toiling deep in the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of wilderness here, and dirt roads and acres of forest,” said Amy Benitez, a victims’ advocate in Humboldt County. “There’s a lot of nooks and crannies you can hide in. You add this criminal element to it, where there’s money, and there’s just more ways that you can abuse power and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Saturday, Oct. 18, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat power imbalance is what ensnared a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician who arrived in one of the mountain towns in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. In Petrolia, Terri – not her real name – found a world apart from her hometown in the Los Angeles Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County, hidden behind a curtain of redwoods and Douglas fir trees. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. It’s about two hours down crumbling cliffside roads to the nearest highway. Most locals live in the surrounding mountains, overlooking the forested valley and black sand beaches of the last undeveloped stretch of California known as the Lost Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of Petrolia as this little town hanging off the edge of the world,” said Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a former resident who became Terri’s therapist. “At night, you’ve never seen so many stars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone in Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. But like other small towns dotting the Emerald Triangle, in the past decade, more and more people have moved in. Greenhouses have sprung up, enabling industrial-scale marijuana growing. Larger farms have drawn more workers from outside the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Terri did not have a job. An acquaintance introduced her to Cedar McCulloch-Clow and Emily Herman, a married couple with two children, a horde of chickens and goats, and a bicycle-strewn junkyard. Terri set up a tent in the couple’s yard, plunked down her violin and camping gear and began looking for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130079\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She also set about working her way into the community. She went to the weekly farmers market at the community center and ran and biked in the annual Rye and Tide, a 7 1/2-mile race that begins with a swig of whiskey outside the town bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri found a couple of trimming jobs, including for Sam Epperson and his partner, Rachel Adair. Their operation was far smaller than the region’s newer marijuana fields – known as grows – and had a vegetable garden and turkey coop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri and three other trimmers sat in a row of swivel office chairs in a wood-paneled trimming shack. They wore aprons to keep from tracking loose leaves into the house and carefully tallied the weight of their work – they would be paid $200 a pound – with pencil and paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Epperson, quiet and bespectacled with a mop of graying curls, prepared fresh food and drinks for the workers. Every day, he offered them an organic chocolate bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night, on the concrete patio of the town bar – \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/yellowrosepetrolia/\">the Yellow Rose\u003c/a> – Terri met a grower named Kailan Meserve. He was twice her age, tan and muscular, with a swagger and salt-and-pepper hair. Meserve mentioned he needed trimmers and bought her a beer. A friend of Terri’s, Katie Finnegan, went inside to buy another drink. When Finnegan returned, Terri had disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside, the bar is a bright, airy space with pristine off-white walls and a polished beige floor – a contrast with its often grungy clientele. One side of the bar is lined with light metal cafe tables, the other with pool tables and arcade games. The darkest part of the bar is to the left of the dartboard, a long dim hallway to the single-stall women’s restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 45 minutes after Finnegan lost track of Terri, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036002-Yellow-Rose-excerpt.html\">court records show\u003c/a> she found her unconscious in that bathroom, her pants around her ankles. Terri appeared to have fallen and hit the sink on her way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri remembered almost nothing about the night. She was concerned something had happened with Meserve. But back on the grow, Epperson and Adair put her at ease: Meserve was \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036003-Humboldt-County-Supervisorial-District-1-PDF.html\">a captain\u003c/a> of the volunteer fire department, the son of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.northcoastjournal.com/091803/cover0918.html\">prominent\u003c/a> local environmental activist and politician. Meserve, they said, was married with toddler twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a good guy,” Epperson recalled telling her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple still had work for Terri, but on their small-scale grow, the harvest wouldn’t last long. They encouraged her to take up Meserve on his offer of a trimming job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was advice Epperson now says he deeply regrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>onservative ranchers and loggers dominated the small population of the Emerald Triangle when hippies began arriving en masse in the late 1960s. They were a diverse bunch, from tree-sitting activists to disillusioned Vietnam veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kailan Meserve’s father came to Humboldt County as part of the “back to the land” movement. His first home was a teepee on the Mattole River. Later, he built a house in Petrolia, where he, his wife and children lived on wind and solar power, grew produce and raised their own goats, cows and chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, marijuana was a recreational drug, grown mostly for personal use. It didn’t stay that way for long. Growers realized they could better support themselves and their families by selling pot on the black market. The climate was ideal, the woods and mountains isolated enough to conceal the illicit crop. The American-grown marijuana industry was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130085\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the outset, the children of these growers had more difficulties than their parents. The Summer of Love was over. Across the community, alcohol and drug abuse was rampant. So was law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat of raids constantly loomed over the Meserve household, threatening to pull the family apart. According to Meserve’s sister, Amy, their parents began using cocaine and alcohol and exploded into constant fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just got really crazy,” she recalled. “Kailan pretty much raised us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/us/military-takes-part-in-drug-sweep-and-reaps-criticism-and-a-lawsuit.html?pagewanted=all\">Operation Green Sweep\u003c/a> touched down in Petrolia in 1990, soldiers flew helicopters overhead and officers confronted families in their homes with M16 rifles. Children learned to lie about the reality of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still have PTSD,” said Sam Epperson, who grew up on a marijuana farm in eastern Humboldt County. “I can hear choppers flying from miles away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With law enforcement crackdowns came higher black market prices and greater risks. To protect their crops from theft, many farmers began to carry guns and booby-trap their properties. Residents dealt with crime themselves, avoiding law enforcement whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, California became the first state in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/MMP/Pages/CompassionateUseact.aspx\">legalize medical marijuana\u003c/a>. But the law failed to limit the amount of marijuana that could be grown, and law enforcement had no way to determine which plants were cultivated for medical purposes or for profit. Crime and black market growing in the Emerald Triangle soared, including by growers with connections to organized crime, vastly eclipsing local law enforcement’s efforts to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Wayne Hanson of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office put it simply: “We lost the drug war many years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turmoil prompted some of the children to leave. Kailan Meserve was among the many who stayed. He became a stonemason, specializing in fireplaces, and grew pot on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “green rush” hit Petrolia in 2010. With California voters \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2010/19_11_2010.pdf\">considering full legalization\u003c/a>, new growers poured into town hoping to get rich. The hippie haven was about to go mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law did not pass, but according to friends, Meserve decided that if anyone was going to make money peddling pot, it was going to be him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He viewed himself as having that hometown advantage,” Cedar McCulloch-Clow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals noticed the change. At a party a few years ago, therapist Jenoa Briar-Bonpane recalls looking over the edge of a mountain ridge and spotting two new grow operations below. “Where did those come from?” she wondered. Someone said they belonged to Meserve, and he became the talk of the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a sense of, ‘Wow, he’s really blowing things up,’ ” Briar-Bonpane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a big employer in town, and a local, Meserve enjoyed a trust not afforded to outsiders, including a freedom from consequences, according to friends. He’d always had a brash demeanor and a reputation for hitting on women – even after he married in 2001. Over time, those who knew him said he seemed to sink deeper into drugs and alcohol. He was convicted three times for driving under the influence, according to court records, and got into a car crash that \u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/general-news/20080921/two-injured-in-petrolia-crash\">seriously injured\u003c/a> him and his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He “got a little big for his britches,” Amy Meserve said, “and lost his filter completely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of it seemed to slow down Meserve. His business expanded, and the trimmigrants who showed up in Petrolia looking for work were thankful for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri saw Kailan Meserve again at a pingpong tournament. He was one of the few entrusted with a key to the community center and had set up the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve offered to buy Terri drinks several times, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">according to investigators\u003c/a> – and each time, she declined. Around 10 p.m., he asked if she had to time to talk, she recalled, “to clear things up.” He offered to give her a ride home. It was rainy, and without sidewalks and streetlights, a walk home in Petrolia could be treacherous. She agreed. She figured she might also ask him about a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terri was staying about 2 miles from the community center. But Meserve went the opposite direction, turning right toward a dark mass of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are we going?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to show you where my property is,” she remembers him saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri started to get a “weird feeling,” according to court records. She told him she had to get up early. He ignored her and continued down the road, turning right again at a metal gate and entering a narrow dirt path into a thicket of towering eucalyptus. Finally, they came to a trailer and stopped. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked. “Don’t you have a wife?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mind spun through the possibilities. Could she find her way back if she ran? Would he chase her? Hurt her? Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was happening so fast and she could hardly see. Everything outside the beam of the headlights was flooded in black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri declined to be interviewed for this story, but she encouraged friends and community members to open up and gave permission for her therapist, Briar-Bonpane, to speak as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking her to a place that was dark, forested, unknown to her,” Briar-Bonpane said, “it’s the most terrifying situation for a woman who’s with a scary man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve asked her to go inside. Terri climbed out of the truck and walked into the trailer. She remembers a small kitchen and a bedroom with a bare mattress. Over the next few hours, according to records, Meserve repeatedly penetrated her and forced her to perform oral sex until she gagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held down her arms and at one point throttled her neck. When she began gasping for air, he told her she was “weak and couldn’t take it.” She didn’t scream. The more violent he was, she’d later tell the investigators, the more excited he seemed to become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to make you my bitch,” she recalls him saying, according to court records. He threatened to kill her, freeze her body and throw her to the animals if he ever found out she had slept with anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>any trimmigrants begin their journey about two hours southeast of Petrolia, in a small strip of a town at the hub of California’s outdoor growing economy. Garberville is surrounded on all sides by mountains of towering redwoods and lined with the kinds of businesses sustained by disposable income, including a \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldt-hunnies-eminence-day-spa.com/\">spa\u003c/a> and a motorcycle \u003ca href=\"http://www.dazeysmotorsports.com/\">dealership\u003c/a>. Next door, in Redway, there’s even a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thegroomroompetsalon.com/\">pet salon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come harvest season, trimmigrants arrive from all over the country and world – college students and artists, working professionals and tourists, homeless hippies and other wanderers. Without connections, they crowd the sidewalks as though on the floor of an auction house, jockeying for jobs with homemade signs. Others camp along the river or in the woods until they find work or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars or volunteering at one of the area’s many marijuana-funded nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With marijuana fetching black market prices, they expect wages far higher than typical migrant farmworkers – as much as $300 a day, depending on how fast they work. A successful season can fund months of travel, and the experience itself can be an adventure, harkening back to the drug-infused journeys of Grateful Dead fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of cocaine, a lot of Ecstasy, a lot of meth, a lot of heroin,” said Terri’s former employer Rachel Adair. “It’s like a big party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But trimmigrants also stumble into a treacherous landscape, both on and off the job. Many locals despise their presence, the trash, the carousing on sidewalks – and the negative impact on tourism. Members of a Garberville group called Locals on Patrol take photographs, check identification and tell people to move on. Anti-trimmigrant bumper stickers have proliferated. “No Work Here, Keep Moving,” they read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmigrants also serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market – ranging from robberies to law enforcement stings. As a result, some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working. Workers and advocates say growers sometimes blindfold trimmers before driving to plots deep in the mountains, locations so remote that they often lack cell service and public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. Even those who complete the job might never get paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130094\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-800x1422.jpg\" alt=\"In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-400x711.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 38 years old, Amy Jarose is among the most experienced trimmigrants. One time, she was working on a farm in the mountains when, she said, the grower began to pressure her for blow jobs and sex. She immediately left on foot, without pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hitchhike,” Jarose said. “You pack up your bags and hit the road and hope to God a really good person will pick you up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers often target women for trimming jobs; male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women exploit the demand. On \u003ca href=\"https://humboldt.craigslist.org/search/fgs\">Craigslist\u003c/a> during the last harvest season, aspiring trimmers posted photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, accompanied by winking emoticons. One advertisement, offering “Oriental female trimmers,” included the phone number of a sensual massage parlor in Los Angeles. On a community bulletin board in downtown Garberville, a pink lace garter belt adorned one ad, while another read, “We love to cook … and much more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deanna Hirschi once worked as a trimmer but said she soon realized she could earn more by offering sex for pay. She met growers at motels in Garberville or sometimes hours into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The guys on the hills pay $500 an hour,” she said, three or four times the amount she might get in a city. “They’re stuck up on a hill and they come down from the hill for one day, and they’ve got hundreds of thousands of dollars in their pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for female companionship has contributed to sex trafficking in these rural areas from all over the country and world, including from Mexico and Eastern Europe, according to social service providers and victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One local trafficking survivor, who goes by the name Elle Snow, started a nonprofit organization to spread awareness in Humboldt County called\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/itsgameover101/\">Game Over\u003c/a>. To measure the demand, she posted fake escort advertisements on the classified ad website \u003ca href=\"http://humboldt.backpage.com/FemaleEscorts/classifieds/Disclaimer?category=517483\">Backpage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1180x653.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-960x532.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within two months, Snow said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. Many came from southern Humboldt – where Garberville and Petrolia are located – an indication to Snow that many of the potential clients were involved in the marijuana industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffickers call Humboldt County not just green for the weed, but green for the bitches,” she said, referring to the money traffickers can make selling women and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many trimmers welcome the attention, but others do not. Women pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-800x1223.jpg\" alt=\"A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-400x612.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paige Radcliff and Emma Less came last season for trimming work, hoping to make enough to fund their own future harvest. During nearly 14-hour days, the two listened to Israeli folk music and bent over plastic tubs in their laps, rotating the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clipped off the stems and curly bits of leaf. “Give it a little haircut,” Radcliff said again and again, until they had piled up 6 pounds of smooth round nuggets and their fingers were coated in potent, sticky brown resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a girl comes here on her own, I wouldn’t recommend it,” Less said. Prior to finding this job, they encountered growers who hit on them – and they simply walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radcliff agreed. “Unless you can super defend yourself, or you just give off a super-intimidating vibe where dudes are scared of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like a truck driver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or a pirate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly, just come across as, like, super peg leg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it,” Less said, over the steady snip of her scissors. “None of this is monitored. No one knows you’re here, not here. It’s easy for people to go missing. It’s easy for people to take advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monday, Nov. 10, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri showed up for work in a daze the morning after she was assaulted in the forest. Bruises covered her chest and the back of her head. As she picked up her clippers, her boss remembers, she began to cry. She told Rachel Adair that “something inappropriate” had happened with Kailan Meserve and that she was scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adair – an emergency room nurse and midwife – sent Terri to Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a therapist and friend. Terri told the therapist the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a predator,” Briar-Bonpane recalls thinking. She had treated child sex abuse and rape victims for years, but she was especially struck by how calculating Meserve sounded. “He must be stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, some of Terri’s former employers called for a meeting, inviting town elders, the local doctor and friends. On a crisp November morning, about a dozen people joined Terri in the home near where she had pitched her tent. They gathered in a somber circle around a heavy oak dining table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedar McCulloch-Clow, 38, with perpetual dirt under his fingernails and a baseball cap on his head, recalls feeling conflicted about the meeting. He had become friends with Terri during her many nights camping on their property. But he also had known Meserve since he was 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The room was tense and quiet, except for the sounds of children playing down the hall. Adair remembers wanting to ensure, first and foremost, that Terri was safe. Dr. Dick Scheinman was adamant that they call the police. Most others wanted to find an alternate solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130098\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Greg Smith, whose family has long grown marijuana, was among the town elders there. “There’s a lot of people who grow pot, and they have a resistance to calling the law,” he said later. “It’s kind of the Wild West in some ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ideas came in quick succession and were rejected just as quickly. Bring Meserve before a community tribunal. Send a large contingent of men to his doorstep. Gather Petrolia’s population of elderly women and have them chase after him with their shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith decided to pay Meserve a visit at home. He urged him to admit he had a problem, show remorse and enroll in therapy and drug and alcohol treatment. Meserve refused, he said, describing the night in the trailer as consensual. Next, Smith approached Fire Chief Travis Howe about kicking Meserve out of the volunteer fire department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the group learned this wasn’t the first time Meserve had been accused of rape. A year earlier, a young woman was visiting a friend of Meserve’s. After a night of partying at the Yellow Rose bar, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">31-year-old woman said\u003c/a>, Meserve came into her room while she was sleeping and forced himself on her. When he couldn’t maintain an erection, he left, but soon came back and tried again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman never filed a police report, and only a few people in town knew. Howe was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howe said he had confronted Meserve, who told him it was consensual. “He messed up terribly, cheating on his wife,” Howe said. “He needed to get spanked.” When Meserve promised to do better, Howe kept him on as a fire captain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the group realized Terri’s experience was not an isolated incident. It was a pattern of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One week had passed since Terri’s assault. She had expressed little interest in contacting law enforcement. But the group thought something had to be done for the safety of other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked her to take a step many rape victims dread: Would she call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>or victims of sexual assault, the answer often lies beneath layers of fear and shame. Rape\u003ca href=\"http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/pages/rape-notification.aspx\"> usually goes unreported\u003c/a>, but trimmigrants face particular pressure to avoid law enforcement. Calling police may rule out future jobs in the industry, especially if that contact alerts police to an illegal grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell no, you don’t call the cops on anybody for anything if you want to work in Humboldt,” said Karen Bejcek, a trimmigrant who usually lives in a teepee in Siskiyou County when she’s not trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other conditions in pot country prevent victims from seeking any kind of help. Trimmigrants often lack the local connections or even the know-how to successfully navigate their way out of the wild, wooded terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because many work on illegal grows, they suspect law enforcement won’t do anything anyway. And because the industry attracts a young and transient workforce, victims – who may come with their own troubled histories – do not always recognize they are being abused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130099\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One teen from Humboldt County said she started working for a local grower when she was 12. He gave her methamphetamine to speed up her trimming work, she said, and passed her around to pay off his debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re tweaking, you’re good,” she said, touting her trimming prowess. “I did, like, a couple pounds in like one night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girl eventually ran away, reaching a youth homeless shelter in the county seat of Eureka, only to discover that pimps were using it as a hunting ground. At 14, she said, she became their recruiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wasn’t the only one. At least two other shelter residents said men used them to recruit other teens, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036021-AC-Disclosure-101414-1.html\">according to a report\u003c/a> later submitted to the state Department of Social Services. The shelter’s executive director, Patt Sweeney, said he was aware teens in the program had been trafficked for sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made reports to law enforcement,” he said. “It’s just very hard to prosecute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange for alcohol and marijuana, the girl brought other teens to parties at local motels, where they were given drugs and alcohol and had sex, sometimes by force. She said the parties drew growers and gang members involved in marijuana distribution. Because she brought girls, she said she was never assaulted – and the music and dancing could be fun. But she doesn’t remember much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always drunk,” she said with a shrug. “And then we’d just go buy more drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the girls she met at the shelter and parties also traveled south to trim on marijuana farms. Once there, she said, some found they were expected to do more than trim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sales pitch to young girls is common in pot country, according to Leah Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka that housed the girl. “They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2013, federal prosecutors said two growers picked up a 15-year-old runaway in Hollywood and took her to their farm in Lake County, near Humboldt. They directed her to trim marijuana and have sex with them, sometimes while chained to a metal rack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with police after a raid of the farm, the girl described the sex with one of the men as consensual. Sex with the other grower was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035371-Balletto-Complaint.html\">not as consensual\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was not free to leave: To keep her from fleeing\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the men put her inside an oversized metal toolbox with breathing holes for several days, according to court records, using a garden hose to clean out her waste. The men also shocked the girl with a cattle prod and told her she would be shot by neighbors if she attempted to leave, an employee later told police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local prosecutors charged the men with human trafficking, the first case of its kind in the county. But when federal authorities took over the case, the trafficking charge was dropped. The men are expected to plead guilty later this year on charges of illegal marijuana cultivation and employing a minor in a drug operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 23, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> deputy sheriff from Humboldt County, Michael Hass, had Terri recount the entire story of her assault over the phone before telling her she had to come in person to make a report – a nearly two-hour drive. The community group that had encouraged her to report made the arrangements. Jenoa Briar-Bonpane went along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived at the county sheriff’s office in Eureka, they walked through the metal detector, down a beige cinder-block hallway to a dimly lit window in the waiting room, Briar-Bonpane recalls. They told the receptionist they were there to see Hass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After several minutes passed, Hass swung open the door, barely making eye contact with Terri. He told her to follow him, but barred Briar-Bonpane from joining her. She told him it was common practice for an advocate to accompany a sexual assault victim to make a report. According to Briar-Bonpane, Hass refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the account, Hass said he did not know that Briar-Bonpane was an advocate and he objected to the many complaints the sheriff’s office later received about his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were the same complaints that we weren’t taking it seriously and the investigation wasn’t up to the people of Petrolia’s standards,” he said. “From my standpoint, it got handled very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri agreed to make the report anyway. Hass took her into an empty room and pushed a typed statement based on her telephone account in front of her, Briar-Bonpane said. Terri signed it, and five minutes later, they returned to the waiting room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you tell us when you’re going to pick him up?” Briar-Bonpane remembers asking, referring to Kailan Meserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To file her report, Terri was told she had to come in person. It turned out the same trip was not required of Meserve, Briar-Bonpane said. To her surprise, Hass told her deputies already had interviewed Meserve in Petrolia. Meserve had told them the same story he had told others: The night in the trailer was consensual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal could not find any record that the deputies ever searched the trailer, and Meserve’s sister, Amy, confirmed that they never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one in town seems concerned about him,” Hass said, according to Briar-Bonpane. “We’re not going to arrest him. There’s no evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news left the group back in Petrolia shocked – and Terri terrified. While she moved from home to home and finally to a motel outside of town, the group began to deluge the sheriff’s office with emails and phone calls. Terri’s friend Katie Finnegan took a day off work to file a complaint with the office about its handling of the case. Residents sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036023-Petrolia-DA-Emails.html\">letters to the district attorney\u003c/a>, complaining about Hass and urging that Meserve be prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please do not let this go without a thorough investigation and arrest,” Dick Scheinman, the town doctor, wrote to then-District Attorney Paul Gallegos in December 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month passed, and he emailed again: “i am not a legal beagle and am not trying to tell you how to do your job, but i feel it is most important for you to try your hardest to find out what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Meserve remained in Petrolia. “I am very concerned about the safety of women in the Mattole Valley while he is present there,” Briar-Bonpane wrote to newly elected District Attorney Maggie Fleming in March 2015. “Young boys/men in the valley are watching and learning about whether or not you can sexually assault women without consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Terri’s allegations reached the woman who had said Meserve raped her the year before. She felt nauseous, then angry. She blamed herself for not reporting it, “because maybe she could have prevented it from happening to the other girl,” an investigator later wrote. About a month after Terri visited Hass, the second victim decided to report her rape. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">Records show\u003c/a> Hass told her to call the district attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case landed on the desk of Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s investigator responsible for child abuse and sexual assault cases. She has a reputation for being thorough, going beyond the case information filed by local law enforcement. In 2014, Baxley gathered evidence that allowed the district attorney’s office to prosecute its first human trafficking case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Baxley had seen victims in Humboldt County “not met with the respect they deserve,” she told Reveal. In the Petrolia case, she said, both victims felt blown off by the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was already a big step for her to take, for her to report it,” she said of Terri. “I was really frustrated, honestly. I felt awful for the poor thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxley immediately launched her investigation, making plans to meet Terri in person. She brought in community advocates to support Terri as she shared her story yet again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tried to show her there were a lot of people who supported her and wanted to hear her truth,” Baxley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 14, 2015, prosecutors filed charges against Meserve for raping both women. Two weeks later, he surrendered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s the marijuana industry has grown and the trimmigrant population with it, service providers have encountered increasing numbers of human trafficking victims. Humboldt Domestic Violence Services answered more than 2,000 crisis calls last year, an increase of about 80 percent in four years. Executive Director Brenda Bishop attributed the increase to a surge in sexual abuse and trafficking on marijuana grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130103\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other organizations have noticed a problem, too, including the Eureka Police Department. In a survey of about 200 local homeless people, Police Chief Andrew Mills said his department discovered many were former trimmigrants who had been forced to work on marijuana farms without pay, including women who reported being required to perform sex acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite evidence of a growing problem, law enforcement has put few resources into investigations of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Instead, police have conducted stings targeting prostitutes and sometimes their pimps. And the Eureka police chief recently posed as a grower online to attract trimmers, only to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036273-Trimmigrant-EPD-letter.html\">warn them\u003c/a> not to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason is that, in this spread-out rural region, there are not enough detectives to go around. In Humboldt County, the sheriff’s office is so overtaxed that many deputies are responsible for investigating crimes – a job typically left to detectives – in addition to responding to 911 calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a detective bureau to handle the bad of the bad crimes, and they can’t even keep up with that. So our deputies are more like detectives,” Lt. Wayne Hanson said. “It’s triage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Humboldt native with a bushy gray mustache, Hanson has raided marijuana farms for more than two decades. On the walls of his office are framed photographs and news clips, including one from the day after voters legalized medical marijuana in 1996. In the photograph, Hanson – with a dark brown mustache – stands next to towering piles of marijuana plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a warehouse in downtown Eureka, where people were growing marijuana for money. That’s why marijuana is grown – for money, not for medical reasons,” Hanson said. “People are greedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson and other local law enforcement officials see the greed that has amplified California’s marijuana industry as a common denominator in violent and organized crimes. Hanson said many grows also cause environmental damage. As a result, marijuana has remained a high priority for them, even as federal and state authorities have pulled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130104\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130104\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marijuana raids also have become a large source of revenue for local law enforcement agencies. During raids, officers have confiscated not just harvests, but also money, guns and even farming equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt County law enforcement agencies made 100 seizures of property and funds last year, including from farmers who had legal permission to grow. The value of the assets totaled more than $2 million – more per capita than was pulled from the state’s 15 most populous counties combined, \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/asset_forf/2015-af/2015-af.pdf?\">state data shows\u003c/a>. Mendocino County’s marijuana eradication team receives a finder’s fee from a pool of seized funds for every case it initiates, in addition to a nearly 50 percent cut of any \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036024-Mendocino-Asset-Forfeiture-MOU.html\">confiscated funds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is tantamount to tunnel vision, said Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s office investigator. “They’re going in to eradicate marijuana, and they would probably tell you nothing else is happening but the drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That perspective seems to pervade law enforcement agencies across the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the year Terri arrived in Petrolia, a young Mexican woman arrived in nearby Mendocino County, ready to start the restaurant job she was promised. Instead, a grower – Baldemar Alvarez – put her to work on several marijuana farms, she said, and forced her to cook, clean his house and have sex with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman said Alvarez, twice her age, called her a prostitute and said she belonged to him until she reimbursed him for hiring a coyote to bring her into the country illegally. He stoked her fear, telling her she’d get lost in the woods and a bear would feast on her body if she fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the time, I had fear,” said Carmen (not her real name). “Fear, thinking, ‘If the police catch me, they’re going to arrest me. They’re not going to let me explain, they’re not going to believe me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Carmen persuaded Alvarez to take her to the doctor for stomach pains, she said. Once there, a nurse-midwife told her she was pregnant, and Carmen shared her story of abuse. When she returned to Alvarez, she left her address behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County sheriff’s deputies \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">picked up Carmen and the grower\u003c/a> a few days later. Carmen was relieved. But at the station, things changed. A detective asked her whether she had made the claims just to get immigration documents, she said. Victims of sexual assault are eligible for a special kind of visa, known as a U-visa. Trafficking victims are eligible for a T-visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen’s abuse allegations are documented in police \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036027-Incident-Report-2014-00023144-Redacted-2.html\">dispatch records\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036275-20160830103623931.html\">a restraining order\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036276-20160830103613365.html\">other documents\u003c/a>, but the full extent of the investigation is unclear. The detective involved did not respond to interview requests, and the sheriff’s office declined to provide a copy of its investigation, saying it was not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underscoring the he-said, she-said obstacles for law enforcement, Alvarez told Reveal that Carmen fabricated the story to get immigration papers. He told detectives he had planned to marry her. Even though she hasn’t paid him back for her illegal border crossing, he said, he has sent her money on a couple of occasions for the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big misunderstanding; she’s a backstabber is what I call it,” he said, denying he had abused her or anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another woman who had a relationship with the grower and gave birth to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036291-20160830111656824.html\">one of his children\u003c/a> said he repeatedly has brought women, including herself, into the United States from Mexico and abused them. Investigators never contacted her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun began to rise the morning after deputies took Carmen into custody, she said the detective told her that he had one last request. He put her in a room with Alvarez and had her confront him, to get him to confess. It didn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, at this time, we do not have any evidence to detain him,” she recalled the detective saying. “Everything you say, he denies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies charged Alvarez with \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">felony marijuana cultivation\u003c/a> in August 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036026-Docs-Produced-1.html\">his third\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036025-Reveal-Media-14-15437.html\">arrest\u003c/a> for the offense in three years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036274-20160830103632255.html\">Jail records\u003c/a> show he bailed out within 20 minutes. The prosecutor never took the case to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Thursday, April 30, 2015\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he case against Kailan Meserve was unprecedented – the first time a marijuana grower in Humboldt County had been charged with raping a trimmigrant. In Petrolia, it had created a rift, causing many to question the trust they had placed in the community. Yet outside Petrolia, it captured little attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a local blog, no media outlets covered Meserve’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remained in jail briefly while the prosecutor’s office argued against allowing him to post his \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">$2 million bail\u003c/a>. Investigator Kyla Baxley had seen large greenhouses on several of Meserve’s properties and argued that his income had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">derived illegally\u003c/a> from the cultivation of marijuana. In the end, Meserve’s family and friends pooled funds, and he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130105\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11130105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg\" alt=\"Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison.\" width=\"500\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot-400x474.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, he enrolled in treatment for alcohol abuse, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">court records\u003c/a>. Facebook photos show he and his family also enjoyed a Disney vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Epperson fell into a deep depression. He couldn’t shake the feeling that he was responsible for Terri climbing into Meserve’s truck that night. With harvest season over, Terri had left Petrolia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, on April 4, 2016, the trial date arrived. Meserve sat next to his lawyer in a courtroom in downtown Eureka, dressed in a button-down shirt and slacks. Terri had returned to take the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this your first time testifying in court? How do you feel about being here?” prosecutor Brie Bennett asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” Terri replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described the night in detail. The feeling of panic, the sexual acts, the violence. She answered questions from the defense attorney about her sex life in Petrolia and a shoplifting conviction from years ago. At one point, her voice began to crack, and she wiped tears from behind her black-framed glasses. Her voice grew faint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge leaned over. “Please speak up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other victim described waking up the morning after the assault, crying and sore. She told her friend she had to go, according to court records, and began the long drive back to San Francisco, making stops to throw up along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stand, Meserve denied having a drug problem and called his encounters with Terri and the other woman consensual. Everyone was drunk, he said. No one ever told him to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did she say she wanted to go to the trailer?” the prosecutor asked about Terri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She never said she didn’t,” Meserve responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From her seat in the courtroom, Meserve’s sister, Amy, remembers watching an image take shape that she did not recognize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s being portrayed like some monster,” she said later. “Obviously, he did not think he was raping anyone. I just don’t think he did. That’s not who he is, that’s not what he’s capable of. I just know if they would have said no or stop or anything, he would have stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Meserve’s family attended the trial, most of the group that had supported Terri remained behind in Petrolia. It was a far distance to travel, but it also was painful to watch. Many believed it had been a mistake to contact law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am friends with his sister and his dad and his mom,” said longtime local grower Greg Smith. “It feels like we’re carrying a big weight on our chest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130106\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The community of Petrolia was changing, but residents weren’t sure it was for the better. California Gov. Jerry Brown had signed a package of laws that would further regulate the medical marijuana industry, beginning with state-issued licenses in 2018. Many Humboldt County growers have refused to participate. They would not sign up for county permits, the first step toward legal compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complicate matters, under the new regulations, counties can ban growing altogether, and many have, preserving a highly profitable black market. Competition is increasing, and prices are likely to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this new future, it seemed, small farmers would struggle financially. Success would mean going big or continuing to sell on the black market. Before his arrest, Meserve had found that success growing marijuana, accruing land, money and power. But some wondered, at what cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 19, a jury found Meserve guilty of 15 felony counts, including rape and false imprisonment. His wife began to cry as deputies handcuffed him and took him into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the news reached Petrolia, many in the group that had supported Terri felt deflated instead of relieved. They knew the conviction meant Meserve could end up spending the rest of his life in prison. Smith and Epperson agreed to write letters to the judge urging a lenient sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather have rehabilitation than punishment,” Smith said. “Some people think it’s impossible with him, but I don’t know. I just have hope that people can change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, the Meserve family and their supporters filed into the courtroom. Meserve’s mother, sister and wife cried as he stood motionless, awaiting the judge’s sentence. Each read from a prepared statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are extreme and overboard,” said his father, David. “These charges are from an enthusiasm for prosecuting people in the marijuana industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kailan wants to start an AA group in Petrolia,” said Monica, his wife. “He wants to give back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri was not there. An advocate read a statement from the second victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every morsel of self-confidence has left me,” she read. “Humboldt is my home, and I cannot bring myself to visit my friends or family there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge sentenced Meserve to 23 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130107\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He did not make a statement in court that day. Through his family, he declined to comment for this story. Terri has since moved out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as the harvest season swings into full gear, a new crop of trimmigrants is streaming north, thumbs out, pointing toward the thickly forested mountains of the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> An earlier version of this story incorrectly characterized the pingpong tournament held at Petrolia’s community center. Only Meserve was involved with the setup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For decades, the Emerald Triangle has provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry. But its forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1476813679,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":218,"wordCount":9526},"headData":{"title":"In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking | KQED","description":"For decades, the Emerald Triangle has provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry. But its forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking","datePublished":"2016-10-14T23:11:55.000Z","dateModified":"2016-10-18T18:01:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11129842","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11129842","name":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/author/shoshana-walter/\">Shoshana Walter\u003c/a> \u003cbr> \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\">Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","isLoading":false}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PotFarmMainCIR-1920x1198.jpg","width":1920,"height":1198,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PotFarmMainCIR-1920x1198.jpg","width":1920,"height":1198,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["featured","human trafficking","marijuana","marijuana farms","sexual assault","tcr","the-california-report-featured"]}},"disqusIdentifier":"11129842 http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11129842","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/14/in-secretive-marijuana-industry-whispers-of-abuse-and-trafficking/","disqusTitle":"In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking","source":"Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting","sourceUrl":"https://www.revealnews.org/","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/author/shoshana-walter/\">Shoshana Walter\u003c/a> \u003cbr> \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\">Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>","path":"/news/11129842/in-secretive-marijuana-industry-whispers-of-abuse-and-trafficking","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was part of a special edition of KQED's The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/\">\u003cem>revealnews.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/podcast\">\u003cem>revealnews.org/podcast\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he trees towered above them, limbs etched in black against the night sky. He steered his pickup down a narrow path of mud and rocks and parked in front of a trailer. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to get up early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began groping her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t you have a wife?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woods seemed to crawl with creatures; the ground was slick with rain. As wilderness pulsed around them, she ran through the possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she fled, would she find her way out? If she fought back, would he hurt her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the special edition of The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigation Reporting:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='400'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287778617&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287778617'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Emerald Triangle, trees are ever present. They peek over small towns and dip into valleys, sheathing this cluster of remote Northern California counties in silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the ancient forests here have provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry, shielding pot farmers from convention, outsiders and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation. Some have spoken out; a handful have pressed charges. Most have confided only in private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from the nearest college, Humboldt State University, return from a summer of trimming marijuana buds with tales of being forced to give their boss a blow job to get paid. Other “trimmigrants,” who typically work during the June-to-November harvest, recount offers of higher wages to trim topless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one harvest season, two growers began having sex with their teenage trimmer. When they feared she would run away, they locked her inside an oversized toolbox with breathing holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact with law enforcement is rare and, female trimmigrants say, rarely satisfying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Verifying their stories is as difficult as finding your way through the forest at night, down twisty dirt roads, to one of the backwoods marijuana farms. During months of reporting in the region, Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting unearthed dozens of accounts of sexual exploitation, abuse and trafficking. Victims’ advocates say the problem is far larger and, with every harvest, continues to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women believe they are getting hired for trimming work, and then they’re drugged and raped,” said Maryann Hayes Mariani, a coordinator for the North Coast Rape Crisis Team. “Everybody looks at (the region) like it’s the Land of Oz. I’m just so tired of pretending like it’s not happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet law enforcement repeatedly has failed to investigate abuse and sexual violence in the industry. Instead, officers mostly focus on what they view as the root cause of the problem: the drug trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rural counties of Northern California, marijuana is still a largely underground industry, worth billions. Last year, legal California sales alone were valued at $2.7 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"https://frontierfinancials.com/product/california/?ref=AMR\">The ArcView Group\u003c/a>, a marijuana market research firm. Sales are projected to balloon to $6.4 billion by 2020 if marijuana is legalized for recreational use. It’s big business, drawing busloads of job seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130068\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of trimmigrants who go missing alone is overwhelming for law enforcement, fueling an epidemic of the lost. In 2015, Humboldt County reported 352 missing people, more per capita than any other county in \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/missing/stats\">the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an artist from San Francisco disappeared in the Humboldt County town of Garberville last harvest season, her mother and roommate filed a missing persons report. Months later, she resurfaced to tell her family she had been held against her will on a marijuana farm, drugged and sexually abused. She never formally reported her abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the time of her disappearance, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldtgov.org/187/Sheriffs-Office\">Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a>had labeled her a “voluntary missing adult.” They flagged the case as a low priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people come to Humboldt each year to work on the marijuana farms,” the deputy who took the report told her roommate \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035995-Screen-Shot-2016-08-29-at-3-47-56-PM.html\">in an email\u003c/a>. “So far she is falling into the same category as many others have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to women and girls who come of their own volition to trim, others are brought in specifically to provide sex services. Come harvest season, escorts flood these rural areas, drawn to the large population of male growers and laborers who spend months at a time alone on isolated mountain farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Prose, an investigator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.eureka.ca.gov/depts/police/\">Eureka Police Departmen\u003c/a>t, said sex traffickers know law enforcement agencies have little interest in cracking down on them. None of the county agencies surveyed by Reveal have investigators assigned to human trafficking. Prose himself is semi-retired; he investigates trafficking cases when he has time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130072\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For women, the dangers are due in part to the gender dynamics in the industry. Growing is a male-dominated field, and many growers prefer to hire female trimmers. Several told Reveal that they believe women are more dexterous, making them more efficient workers. Others are looking for company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these younger guys don’t have regular relationships because they’re out in the hills growing weed, but they still want a girl,” Prose said. “It sounds kind of crude, but they seek female companionship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, many marijuana farms are responsible operations. Most workers describe good experiences, including excellent pay, food and shelter. Many also welcome the unusual working conditions of an industry long at odds with mainstream culture and the law. Drug use on the job, for instance, is common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters will decide whether to fully \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/complete-vig.pdf\">legalize recreational marijuana\u003c/a>. But such use remains illegal under federal and most state laws, and the culture of silence is so embedded in the state’s industry – the nation’s top black market supplier – it seems unlikely that legalization alone will dramatically alter the landscape for women toiling deep in the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of wilderness here, and dirt roads and acres of forest,” said Amy Benitez, a victims’ advocate in Humboldt County. “There’s a lot of nooks and crannies you can hide in. You add this criminal element to it, where there’s money, and there’s just more ways that you can abuse power and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Saturday, Oct. 18, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat power imbalance is what ensnared a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician who arrived in one of the mountain towns in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. In Petrolia, Terri – not her real name – found a world apart from her hometown in the Los Angeles Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County, hidden behind a curtain of redwoods and Douglas fir trees. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. It’s about two hours down crumbling cliffside roads to the nearest highway. Most locals live in the surrounding mountains, overlooking the forested valley and black sand beaches of the last undeveloped stretch of California known as the Lost Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of Petrolia as this little town hanging off the edge of the world,” said Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a former resident who became Terri’s therapist. “At night, you’ve never seen so many stars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone in Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. But like other small towns dotting the Emerald Triangle, in the past decade, more and more people have moved in. Greenhouses have sprung up, enabling industrial-scale marijuana growing. Larger farms have drawn more workers from outside the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Terri did not have a job. An acquaintance introduced her to Cedar McCulloch-Clow and Emily Herman, a married couple with two children, a horde of chickens and goats, and a bicycle-strewn junkyard. Terri set up a tent in the couple’s yard, plunked down her violin and camping gear and began looking for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130079\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She also set about working her way into the community. She went to the weekly farmers market at the community center and ran and biked in the annual Rye and Tide, a 7 1/2-mile race that begins with a swig of whiskey outside the town bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri found a couple of trimming jobs, including for Sam Epperson and his partner, Rachel Adair. Their operation was far smaller than the region’s newer marijuana fields – known as grows – and had a vegetable garden and turkey coop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri and three other trimmers sat in a row of swivel office chairs in a wood-paneled trimming shack. They wore aprons to keep from tracking loose leaves into the house and carefully tallied the weight of their work – they would be paid $200 a pound – with pencil and paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Epperson, quiet and bespectacled with a mop of graying curls, prepared fresh food and drinks for the workers. Every day, he offered them an organic chocolate bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night, on the concrete patio of the town bar – \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/yellowrosepetrolia/\">the Yellow Rose\u003c/a> – Terri met a grower named Kailan Meserve. He was twice her age, tan and muscular, with a swagger and salt-and-pepper hair. Meserve mentioned he needed trimmers and bought her a beer. A friend of Terri’s, Katie Finnegan, went inside to buy another drink. When Finnegan returned, Terri had disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside, the bar is a bright, airy space with pristine off-white walls and a polished beige floor – a contrast with its often grungy clientele. One side of the bar is lined with light metal cafe tables, the other with pool tables and arcade games. The darkest part of the bar is to the left of the dartboard, a long dim hallway to the single-stall women’s restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 45 minutes after Finnegan lost track of Terri, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036002-Yellow-Rose-excerpt.html\">court records show\u003c/a> she found her unconscious in that bathroom, her pants around her ankles. Terri appeared to have fallen and hit the sink on her way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri remembered almost nothing about the night. She was concerned something had happened with Meserve. But back on the grow, Epperson and Adair put her at ease: Meserve was \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036003-Humboldt-County-Supervisorial-District-1-PDF.html\">a captain\u003c/a> of the volunteer fire department, the son of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.northcoastjournal.com/091803/cover0918.html\">prominent\u003c/a> local environmental activist and politician. Meserve, they said, was married with toddler twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a good guy,” Epperson recalled telling her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple still had work for Terri, but on their small-scale grow, the harvest wouldn’t last long. They encouraged her to take up Meserve on his offer of a trimming job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was advice Epperson now says he deeply regrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>onservative ranchers and loggers dominated the small population of the Emerald Triangle when hippies began arriving en masse in the late 1960s. They were a diverse bunch, from tree-sitting activists to disillusioned Vietnam veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kailan Meserve’s father came to Humboldt County as part of the “back to the land” movement. His first home was a teepee on the Mattole River. Later, he built a house in Petrolia, where he, his wife and children lived on wind and solar power, grew produce and raised their own goats, cows and chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, marijuana was a recreational drug, grown mostly for personal use. It didn’t stay that way for long. Growers realized they could better support themselves and their families by selling pot on the black market. The climate was ideal, the woods and mountains isolated enough to conceal the illicit crop. The American-grown marijuana industry was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130085\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the outset, the children of these growers had more difficulties than their parents. The Summer of Love was over. Across the community, alcohol and drug abuse was rampant. So was law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat of raids constantly loomed over the Meserve household, threatening to pull the family apart. According to Meserve’s sister, Amy, their parents began using cocaine and alcohol and exploded into constant fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just got really crazy,” she recalled. “Kailan pretty much raised us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/us/military-takes-part-in-drug-sweep-and-reaps-criticism-and-a-lawsuit.html?pagewanted=all\">Operation Green Sweep\u003c/a> touched down in Petrolia in 1990, soldiers flew helicopters overhead and officers confronted families in their homes with M16 rifles. Children learned to lie about the reality of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still have PTSD,” said Sam Epperson, who grew up on a marijuana farm in eastern Humboldt County. “I can hear choppers flying from miles away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With law enforcement crackdowns came higher black market prices and greater risks. To protect their crops from theft, many farmers began to carry guns and booby-trap their properties. Residents dealt with crime themselves, avoiding law enforcement whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, California became the first state in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/MMP/Pages/CompassionateUseact.aspx\">legalize medical marijuana\u003c/a>. But the law failed to limit the amount of marijuana that could be grown, and law enforcement had no way to determine which plants were cultivated for medical purposes or for profit. Crime and black market growing in the Emerald Triangle soared, including by growers with connections to organized crime, vastly eclipsing local law enforcement’s efforts to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Wayne Hanson of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office put it simply: “We lost the drug war many years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turmoil prompted some of the children to leave. Kailan Meserve was among the many who stayed. He became a stonemason, specializing in fireplaces, and grew pot on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “green rush” hit Petrolia in 2010. With California voters \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2010/19_11_2010.pdf\">considering full legalization\u003c/a>, new growers poured into town hoping to get rich. The hippie haven was about to go mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law did not pass, but according to friends, Meserve decided that if anyone was going to make money peddling pot, it was going to be him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He viewed himself as having that hometown advantage,” Cedar McCulloch-Clow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals noticed the change. At a party a few years ago, therapist Jenoa Briar-Bonpane recalls looking over the edge of a mountain ridge and spotting two new grow operations below. “Where did those come from?” she wondered. Someone said they belonged to Meserve, and he became the talk of the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a sense of, ‘Wow, he’s really blowing things up,’ ” Briar-Bonpane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a big employer in town, and a local, Meserve enjoyed a trust not afforded to outsiders, including a freedom from consequences, according to friends. He’d always had a brash demeanor and a reputation for hitting on women – even after he married in 2001. Over time, those who knew him said he seemed to sink deeper into drugs and alcohol. He was convicted three times for driving under the influence, according to court records, and got into a car crash that \u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/general-news/20080921/two-injured-in-petrolia-crash\">seriously injured\u003c/a> him and his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He “got a little big for his britches,” Amy Meserve said, “and lost his filter completely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of it seemed to slow down Meserve. His business expanded, and the trimmigrants who showed up in Petrolia looking for work were thankful for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri saw Kailan Meserve again at a pingpong tournament. He was one of the few entrusted with a key to the community center and had set up the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve offered to buy Terri drinks several times, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">according to investigators\u003c/a> – and each time, she declined. Around 10 p.m., he asked if she had to time to talk, she recalled, “to clear things up.” He offered to give her a ride home. It was rainy, and without sidewalks and streetlights, a walk home in Petrolia could be treacherous. She agreed. She figured she might also ask him about a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terri was staying about 2 miles from the community center. But Meserve went the opposite direction, turning right toward a dark mass of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are we going?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to show you where my property is,” she remembers him saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri started to get a “weird feeling,” according to court records. She told him she had to get up early. He ignored her and continued down the road, turning right again at a metal gate and entering a narrow dirt path into a thicket of towering eucalyptus. Finally, they came to a trailer and stopped. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked. “Don’t you have a wife?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mind spun through the possibilities. Could she find her way back if she ran? Would he chase her? Hurt her? Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was happening so fast and she could hardly see. Everything outside the beam of the headlights was flooded in black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri declined to be interviewed for this story, but she encouraged friends and community members to open up and gave permission for her therapist, Briar-Bonpane, to speak as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking her to a place that was dark, forested, unknown to her,” Briar-Bonpane said, “it’s the most terrifying situation for a woman who’s with a scary man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve asked her to go inside. Terri climbed out of the truck and walked into the trailer. She remembers a small kitchen and a bedroom with a bare mattress. Over the next few hours, according to records, Meserve repeatedly penetrated her and forced her to perform oral sex until she gagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held down her arms and at one point throttled her neck. When she began gasping for air, he told her she was “weak and couldn’t take it.” She didn’t scream. The more violent he was, she’d later tell the investigators, the more excited he seemed to become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to make you my bitch,” she recalls him saying, according to court records. He threatened to kill her, freeze her body and throw her to the animals if he ever found out she had slept with anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>any trimmigrants begin their journey about two hours southeast of Petrolia, in a small strip of a town at the hub of California’s outdoor growing economy. Garberville is surrounded on all sides by mountains of towering redwoods and lined with the kinds of businesses sustained by disposable income, including a \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldt-hunnies-eminence-day-spa.com/\">spa\u003c/a> and a motorcycle \u003ca href=\"http://www.dazeysmotorsports.com/\">dealership\u003c/a>. Next door, in Redway, there’s even a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thegroomroompetsalon.com/\">pet salon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come harvest season, trimmigrants arrive from all over the country and world – college students and artists, working professionals and tourists, homeless hippies and other wanderers. Without connections, they crowd the sidewalks as though on the floor of an auction house, jockeying for jobs with homemade signs. Others camp along the river or in the woods until they find work or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars or volunteering at one of the area’s many marijuana-funded nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With marijuana fetching black market prices, they expect wages far higher than typical migrant farmworkers – as much as $300 a day, depending on how fast they work. A successful season can fund months of travel, and the experience itself can be an adventure, harkening back to the drug-infused journeys of Grateful Dead fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of cocaine, a lot of Ecstasy, a lot of meth, a lot of heroin,” said Terri’s former employer Rachel Adair. “It’s like a big party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But trimmigrants also stumble into a treacherous landscape, both on and off the job. Many locals despise their presence, the trash, the carousing on sidewalks – and the negative impact on tourism. Members of a Garberville group called Locals on Patrol take photographs, check identification and tell people to move on. Anti-trimmigrant bumper stickers have proliferated. “No Work Here, Keep Moving,” they read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmigrants also serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market – ranging from robberies to law enforcement stings. As a result, some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working. Workers and advocates say growers sometimes blindfold trimmers before driving to plots deep in the mountains, locations so remote that they often lack cell service and public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. Even those who complete the job might never get paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130094\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-800x1422.jpg\" alt=\"In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1422\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-400x711.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 38 years old, Amy Jarose is among the most experienced trimmigrants. One time, she was working on a farm in the mountains when, she said, the grower began to pressure her for blow jobs and sex. She immediately left on foot, without pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hitchhike,” Jarose said. “You pack up your bags and hit the road and hope to God a really good person will pick you up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers often target women for trimming jobs; male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women exploit the demand. On \u003ca href=\"https://humboldt.craigslist.org/search/fgs\">Craigslist\u003c/a> during the last harvest season, aspiring trimmers posted photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, accompanied by winking emoticons. One advertisement, offering “Oriental female trimmers,” included the phone number of a sensual massage parlor in Los Angeles. On a community bulletin board in downtown Garberville, a pink lace garter belt adorned one ad, while another read, “We love to cook … and much more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deanna Hirschi once worked as a trimmer but said she soon realized she could earn more by offering sex for pay. She met growers at motels in Garberville or sometimes hours into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The guys on the hills pay $500 an hour,” she said, three or four times the amount she might get in a city. “They’re stuck up on a hill and they come down from the hill for one day, and they’ve got hundreds of thousands of dollars in their pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for female companionship has contributed to sex trafficking in these rural areas from all over the country and world, including from Mexico and Eastern Europe, according to social service providers and victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One local trafficking survivor, who goes by the name Elle Snow, started a nonprofit organization to spread awareness in Humboldt County called\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/itsgameover101/\">Game Over\u003c/a>. To measure the demand, she posted fake escort advertisements on the classified ad website \u003ca href=\"http://humboldt.backpage.com/FemaleEscorts/classifieds/Disclaimer?category=517483\">Backpage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-400x221.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1180x653.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-960x532.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within two months, Snow said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. Many came from southern Humboldt – where Garberville and Petrolia are located – an indication to Snow that many of the potential clients were involved in the marijuana industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffickers call Humboldt County not just green for the weed, but green for the bitches,” she said, referring to the money traffickers can make selling women and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many trimmers welcome the attention, but others do not. Women pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-800x1223.jpg\" alt=\"A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-400x612.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paige Radcliff and Emma Less came last season for trimming work, hoping to make enough to fund their own future harvest. During nearly 14-hour days, the two listened to Israeli folk music and bent over plastic tubs in their laps, rotating the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clipped off the stems and curly bits of leaf. “Give it a little haircut,” Radcliff said again and again, until they had piled up 6 pounds of smooth round nuggets and their fingers were coated in potent, sticky brown resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a girl comes here on her own, I wouldn’t recommend it,” Less said. Prior to finding this job, they encountered growers who hit on them – and they simply walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radcliff agreed. “Unless you can super defend yourself, or you just give off a super-intimidating vibe where dudes are scared of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like a truck driver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or a pirate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly, just come across as, like, super peg leg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it,” Less said, over the steady snip of her scissors. “None of this is monitored. No one knows you’re here, not here. It’s easy for people to go missing. It’s easy for people to take advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monday, Nov. 10, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri showed up for work in a daze the morning after she was assaulted in the forest. Bruises covered her chest and the back of her head. As she picked up her clippers, her boss remembers, she began to cry. She told Rachel Adair that “something inappropriate” had happened with Kailan Meserve and that she was scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adair – an emergency room nurse and midwife – sent Terri to Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a therapist and friend. Terri told the therapist the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a predator,” Briar-Bonpane recalls thinking. She had treated child sex abuse and rape victims for years, but she was especially struck by how calculating Meserve sounded. “He must be stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, some of Terri’s former employers called for a meeting, inviting town elders, the local doctor and friends. On a crisp November morning, about a dozen people joined Terri in the home near where she had pitched her tent. They gathered in a somber circle around a heavy oak dining table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedar McCulloch-Clow, 38, with perpetual dirt under his fingernails and a baseball cap on his head, recalls feeling conflicted about the meeting. He had become friends with Terri during her many nights camping on their property. But he also had known Meserve since he was 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The room was tense and quiet, except for the sounds of children playing down the hall. Adair remembers wanting to ensure, first and foremost, that Terri was safe. Dr. Dick Scheinman was adamant that they call the police. Most others wanted to find an alternate solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130098\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Greg Smith, whose family has long grown marijuana, was among the town elders there. “There’s a lot of people who grow pot, and they have a resistance to calling the law,” he said later. “It’s kind of the Wild West in some ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ideas came in quick succession and were rejected just as quickly. Bring Meserve before a community tribunal. Send a large contingent of men to his doorstep. Gather Petrolia’s population of elderly women and have them chase after him with their shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith decided to pay Meserve a visit at home. He urged him to admit he had a problem, show remorse and enroll in therapy and drug and alcohol treatment. Meserve refused, he said, describing the night in the trailer as consensual. Next, Smith approached Fire Chief Travis Howe about kicking Meserve out of the volunteer fire department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the group learned this wasn’t the first time Meserve had been accused of rape. A year earlier, a young woman was visiting a friend of Meserve’s. After a night of partying at the Yellow Rose bar, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">31-year-old woman said\u003c/a>, Meserve came into her room while she was sleeping and forced himself on her. When he couldn’t maintain an erection, he left, but soon came back and tried again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman never filed a police report, and only a few people in town knew. Howe was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howe said he had confronted Meserve, who told him it was consensual. “He messed up terribly, cheating on his wife,” Howe said. “He needed to get spanked.” When Meserve promised to do better, Howe kept him on as a fire captain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the group realized Terri’s experience was not an isolated incident. It was a pattern of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One week had passed since Terri’s assault. She had expressed little interest in contacting law enforcement. But the group thought something had to be done for the safety of other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked her to take a step many rape victims dread: Would she call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>or victims of sexual assault, the answer often lies beneath layers of fear and shame. Rape\u003ca href=\"http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/pages/rape-notification.aspx\"> usually goes unreported\u003c/a>, but trimmigrants face particular pressure to avoid law enforcement. Calling police may rule out future jobs in the industry, especially if that contact alerts police to an illegal grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell no, you don’t call the cops on anybody for anything if you want to work in Humboldt,” said Karen Bejcek, a trimmigrant who usually lives in a teepee in Siskiyou County when she’s not trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other conditions in pot country prevent victims from seeking any kind of help. Trimmigrants often lack the local connections or even the know-how to successfully navigate their way out of the wild, wooded terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because many work on illegal grows, they suspect law enforcement won’t do anything anyway. And because the industry attracts a young and transient workforce, victims – who may come with their own troubled histories – do not always recognize they are being abused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130099\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-400x268.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One teen from Humboldt County said she started working for a local grower when she was 12. He gave her methamphetamine to speed up her trimming work, she said, and passed her around to pay off his debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re tweaking, you’re good,” she said, touting her trimming prowess. “I did, like, a couple pounds in like one night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girl eventually ran away, reaching a youth homeless shelter in the county seat of Eureka, only to discover that pimps were using it as a hunting ground. At 14, she said, she became their recruiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wasn’t the only one. At least two other shelter residents said men used them to recruit other teens, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036021-AC-Disclosure-101414-1.html\">according to a report\u003c/a> later submitted to the state Department of Social Services. The shelter’s executive director, Patt Sweeney, said he was aware teens in the program had been trafficked for sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made reports to law enforcement,” he said. “It’s just very hard to prosecute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange for alcohol and marijuana, the girl brought other teens to parties at local motels, where they were given drugs and alcohol and had sex, sometimes by force. She said the parties drew growers and gang members involved in marijuana distribution. Because she brought girls, she said she was never assaulted – and the music and dancing could be fun. But she doesn’t remember much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always drunk,” she said with a shrug. “And then we’d just go buy more drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the girls she met at the shelter and parties also traveled south to trim on marijuana farms. Once there, she said, some found they were expected to do more than trim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sales pitch to young girls is common in pot country, according to Leah Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka that housed the girl. “They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2013, federal prosecutors said two growers picked up a 15-year-old runaway in Hollywood and took her to their farm in Lake County, near Humboldt. They directed her to trim marijuana and have sex with them, sometimes while chained to a metal rack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with police after a raid of the farm, the girl described the sex with one of the men as consensual. Sex with the other grower was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035371-Balletto-Complaint.html\">not as consensual\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was not free to leave: To keep her from fleeing\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the men put her inside an oversized metal toolbox with breathing holes for several days, according to court records, using a garden hose to clean out her waste. The men also shocked the girl with a cattle prod and told her she would be shot by neighbors if she attempted to leave, an employee later told police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local prosecutors charged the men with human trafficking, the first case of its kind in the county. But when federal authorities took over the case, the trafficking charge was dropped. The men are expected to plead guilty later this year on charges of illegal marijuana cultivation and employing a minor in a drug operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 23, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> deputy sheriff from Humboldt County, Michael Hass, had Terri recount the entire story of her assault over the phone before telling her she had to come in person to make a report – a nearly two-hour drive. The community group that had encouraged her to report made the arrangements. Jenoa Briar-Bonpane went along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived at the county sheriff’s office in Eureka, they walked through the metal detector, down a beige cinder-block hallway to a dimly lit window in the waiting room, Briar-Bonpane recalls. They told the receptionist they were there to see Hass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After several minutes passed, Hass swung open the door, barely making eye contact with Terri. He told her to follow him, but barred Briar-Bonpane from joining her. She told him it was common practice for an advocate to accompany a sexual assault victim to make a report. According to Briar-Bonpane, Hass refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the account, Hass said he did not know that Briar-Bonpane was an advocate and he objected to the many complaints the sheriff’s office later received about his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were the same complaints that we weren’t taking it seriously and the investigation wasn’t up to the people of Petrolia’s standards,” he said. “From my standpoint, it got handled very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri agreed to make the report anyway. Hass took her into an empty room and pushed a typed statement based on her telephone account in front of her, Briar-Bonpane said. Terri signed it, and five minutes later, they returned to the waiting room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you tell us when you’re going to pick him up?” Briar-Bonpane remembers asking, referring to Kailan Meserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To file her report, Terri was told she had to come in person. It turned out the same trip was not required of Meserve, Briar-Bonpane said. To her surprise, Hass told her deputies already had interviewed Meserve in Petrolia. Meserve had told them the same story he had told others: The night in the trailer was consensual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal could not find any record that the deputies ever searched the trailer, and Meserve’s sister, Amy, confirmed that they never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one in town seems concerned about him,” Hass said, according to Briar-Bonpane. “We’re not going to arrest him. There’s no evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news left the group back in Petrolia shocked – and Terri terrified. While she moved from home to home and finally to a motel outside of town, the group began to deluge the sheriff’s office with emails and phone calls. Terri’s friend Katie Finnegan took a day off work to file a complaint with the office about its handling of the case. Residents sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036023-Petrolia-DA-Emails.html\">letters to the district attorney\u003c/a>, complaining about Hass and urging that Meserve be prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please do not let this go without a thorough investigation and arrest,” Dick Scheinman, the town doctor, wrote to then-District Attorney Paul Gallegos in December 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month passed, and he emailed again: “i am not a legal beagle and am not trying to tell you how to do your job, but i feel it is most important for you to try your hardest to find out what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Meserve remained in Petrolia. “I am very concerned about the safety of women in the Mattole Valley while he is present there,” Briar-Bonpane wrote to newly elected District Attorney Maggie Fleming in March 2015. “Young boys/men in the valley are watching and learning about whether or not you can sexually assault women without consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Terri’s allegations reached the woman who had said Meserve raped her the year before. She felt nauseous, then angry. She blamed herself for not reporting it, “because maybe she could have prevented it from happening to the other girl,” an investigator later wrote. About a month after Terri visited Hass, the second victim decided to report her rape. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">Records show\u003c/a> Hass told her to call the district attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case landed on the desk of Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s investigator responsible for child abuse and sexual assault cases. She has a reputation for being thorough, going beyond the case information filed by local law enforcement. In 2014, Baxley gathered evidence that allowed the district attorney’s office to prosecute its first human trafficking case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Baxley had seen victims in Humboldt County “not met with the respect they deserve,” she told Reveal. In the Petrolia case, she said, both victims felt blown off by the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was already a big step for her to take, for her to report it,” she said of Terri. “I was really frustrated, honestly. I felt awful for the poor thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxley immediately launched her investigation, making plans to meet Terri in person. She brought in community advocates to support Terri as she shared her story yet again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tried to show her there were a lot of people who supported her and wanted to hear her truth,” Baxley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 14, 2015, prosecutors filed charges against Meserve for raping both women. Two weeks later, he surrendered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s the marijuana industry has grown and the trimmigrant population with it, service providers have encountered increasing numbers of human trafficking victims. Humboldt Domestic Violence Services answered more than 2,000 crisis calls last year, an increase of about 80 percent in four years. Executive Director Brenda Bishop attributed the increase to a surge in sexual abuse and trafficking on marijuana grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130103\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other organizations have noticed a problem, too, including the Eureka Police Department. In a survey of about 200 local homeless people, Police Chief Andrew Mills said his department discovered many were former trimmigrants who had been forced to work on marijuana farms without pay, including women who reported being required to perform sex acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite evidence of a growing problem, law enforcement has put few resources into investigations of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Instead, police have conducted stings targeting prostitutes and sometimes their pimps. And the Eureka police chief recently posed as a grower online to attract trimmers, only to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036273-Trimmigrant-EPD-letter.html\">warn them\u003c/a> not to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason is that, in this spread-out rural region, there are not enough detectives to go around. In Humboldt County, the sheriff’s office is so overtaxed that many deputies are responsible for investigating crimes – a job typically left to detectives – in addition to responding to 911 calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a detective bureau to handle the bad of the bad crimes, and they can’t even keep up with that. So our deputies are more like detectives,” Lt. Wayne Hanson said. “It’s triage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Humboldt native with a bushy gray mustache, Hanson has raided marijuana farms for more than two decades. On the walls of his office are framed photographs and news clips, including one from the day after voters legalized medical marijuana in 1996. In the photograph, Hanson – with a dark brown mustache – stands next to towering piles of marijuana plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a warehouse in downtown Eureka, where people were growing marijuana for money. That’s why marijuana is grown – for money, not for medical reasons,” Hanson said. “People are greedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson and other local law enforcement officials see the greed that has amplified California’s marijuana industry as a common denominator in violent and organized crimes. Hanson said many grows also cause environmental damage. As a result, marijuana has remained a high priority for them, even as federal and state authorities have pulled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130104\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130104\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marijuana raids also have become a large source of revenue for local law enforcement agencies. During raids, officers have confiscated not just harvests, but also money, guns and even farming equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt County law enforcement agencies made 100 seizures of property and funds last year, including from farmers who had legal permission to grow. The value of the assets totaled more than $2 million – more per capita than was pulled from the state’s 15 most populous counties combined, \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/asset_forf/2015-af/2015-af.pdf?\">state data shows\u003c/a>. Mendocino County’s marijuana eradication team receives a finder’s fee from a pool of seized funds for every case it initiates, in addition to a nearly 50 percent cut of any \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036024-Mendocino-Asset-Forfeiture-MOU.html\">confiscated funds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is tantamount to tunnel vision, said Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s office investigator. “They’re going in to eradicate marijuana, and they would probably tell you nothing else is happening but the drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That perspective seems to pervade law enforcement agencies across the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the year Terri arrived in Petrolia, a young Mexican woman arrived in nearby Mendocino County, ready to start the restaurant job she was promised. Instead, a grower – Baldemar Alvarez – put her to work on several marijuana farms, she said, and forced her to cook, clean his house and have sex with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman said Alvarez, twice her age, called her a prostitute and said she belonged to him until she reimbursed him for hiring a coyote to bring her into the country illegally. He stoked her fear, telling her she’d get lost in the woods and a bear would feast on her body if she fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the time, I had fear,” said Carmen (not her real name). “Fear, thinking, ‘If the police catch me, they’re going to arrest me. They’re not going to let me explain, they’re not going to believe me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Carmen persuaded Alvarez to take her to the doctor for stomach pains, she said. Once there, a nurse-midwife told her she was pregnant, and Carmen shared her story of abuse. When she returned to Alvarez, she left her address behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County sheriff’s deputies \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">picked up Carmen and the grower\u003c/a> a few days later. Carmen was relieved. But at the station, things changed. A detective asked her whether she had made the claims just to get immigration documents, she said. Victims of sexual assault are eligible for a special kind of visa, known as a U-visa. Trafficking victims are eligible for a T-visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen’s abuse allegations are documented in police \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036027-Incident-Report-2014-00023144-Redacted-2.html\">dispatch records\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036275-20160830103623931.html\">a restraining order\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036276-20160830103613365.html\">other documents\u003c/a>, but the full extent of the investigation is unclear. The detective involved did not respond to interview requests, and the sheriff’s office declined to provide a copy of its investigation, saying it was not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underscoring the he-said, she-said obstacles for law enforcement, Alvarez told Reveal that Carmen fabricated the story to get immigration papers. He told detectives he had planned to marry her. Even though she hasn’t paid him back for her illegal border crossing, he said, he has sent her money on a couple of occasions for the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big misunderstanding; she’s a backstabber is what I call it,” he said, denying he had abused her or anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another woman who had a relationship with the grower and gave birth to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036291-20160830111656824.html\">one of his children\u003c/a> said he repeatedly has brought women, including herself, into the United States from Mexico and abused them. Investigators never contacted her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun began to rise the morning after deputies took Carmen into custody, she said the detective told her that he had one last request. He put her in a room with Alvarez and had her confront him, to get him to confess. It didn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, at this time, we do not have any evidence to detain him,” she recalled the detective saying. “Everything you say, he denies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies charged Alvarez with \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">felony marijuana cultivation\u003c/a> in August 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036026-Docs-Produced-1.html\">his third\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036025-Reveal-Media-14-15437.html\">arrest\u003c/a> for the offense in three years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036274-20160830103632255.html\">Jail records\u003c/a> show he bailed out within 20 minutes. The prosecutor never took the case to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Thursday, April 30, 2015\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he case against Kailan Meserve was unprecedented – the first time a marijuana grower in Humboldt County had been charged with raping a trimmigrant. In Petrolia, it had created a rift, causing many to question the trust they had placed in the community. Yet outside Petrolia, it captured little attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a local blog, no media outlets covered Meserve’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remained in jail briefly while the prosecutor’s office argued against allowing him to post his \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">$2 million bail\u003c/a>. Investigator Kyla Baxley had seen large greenhouses on several of Meserve’s properties and argued that his income had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">derived illegally\u003c/a> from the cultivation of marijuana. In the end, Meserve’s family and friends pooled funds, and he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130105\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11130105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg\" alt=\"Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison.\" width=\"500\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot-400x474.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, he enrolled in treatment for alcohol abuse, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">court records\u003c/a>. Facebook photos show he and his family also enjoyed a Disney vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Epperson fell into a deep depression. He couldn’t shake the feeling that he was responsible for Terri climbing into Meserve’s truck that night. With harvest season over, Terri had left Petrolia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, on April 4, 2016, the trial date arrived. Meserve sat next to his lawyer in a courtroom in downtown Eureka, dressed in a button-down shirt and slacks. Terri had returned to take the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this your first time testifying in court? How do you feel about being here?” prosecutor Brie Bennett asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” Terri replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described the night in detail. The feeling of panic, the sexual acts, the violence. She answered questions from the defense attorney about her sex life in Petrolia and a shoplifting conviction from years ago. At one point, her voice began to crack, and she wiped tears from behind her black-framed glasses. Her voice grew faint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge leaned over. “Please speak up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other victim described waking up the morning after the assault, crying and sore. She told her friend she had to go, according to court records, and began the long drive back to San Francisco, making stops to throw up along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stand, Meserve denied having a drug problem and called his encounters with Terri and the other woman consensual. Everyone was drunk, he said. No one ever told him to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did she say she wanted to go to the trailer?” the prosecutor asked about Terri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She never said she didn’t,” Meserve responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From her seat in the courtroom, Meserve’s sister, Amy, remembers watching an image take shape that she did not recognize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s being portrayed like some monster,” she said later. “Obviously, he did not think he was raping anyone. I just don’t think he did. That’s not who he is, that’s not what he’s capable of. I just know if they would have said no or stop or anything, he would have stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Meserve’s family attended the trial, most of the group that had supported Terri remained behind in Petrolia. It was a far distance to travel, but it also was painful to watch. Many believed it had been a mistake to contact law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am friends with his sister and his dad and his mom,” said longtime local grower Greg Smith. “It feels like we’re carrying a big weight on our chest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130106\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The community of Petrolia was changing, but residents weren’t sure it was for the better. California Gov. Jerry Brown had signed a package of laws that would further regulate the medical marijuana industry, beginning with state-issued licenses in 2018. Many Humboldt County growers have refused to participate. They would not sign up for county permits, the first step toward legal compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complicate matters, under the new regulations, counties can ban growing altogether, and many have, preserving a highly profitable black market. Competition is increasing, and prices are likely to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this new future, it seemed, small farmers would struggle financially. Success would mean going big or continuing to sell on the black market. Before his arrest, Meserve had found that success growing marijuana, accruing land, money and power. But some wondered, at what cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 19, a jury found Meserve guilty of 15 felony counts, including rape and false imprisonment. His wife began to cry as deputies handcuffed him and took him into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the news reached Petrolia, many in the group that had supported Terri felt deflated instead of relieved. They knew the conviction meant Meserve could end up spending the rest of his life in prison. Smith and Epperson agreed to write letters to the judge urging a lenient sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather have rehabilitation than punishment,” Smith said. “Some people think it’s impossible with him, but I don’t know. I just have hope that people can change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, the Meserve family and their supporters filed into the courtroom. Meserve’s mother, sister and wife cried as he stood motionless, awaiting the judge’s sentence. Each read from a prepared statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are extreme and overboard,” said his father, David. “These charges are from an enthusiasm for prosecuting people in the marijuana industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kailan wants to start an AA group in Petrolia,” said Monica, his wife. “He wants to give back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri was not there. An advocate read a statement from the second victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every morsel of self-confidence has left me,” she read. “Humboldt is my home, and I cannot bring myself to visit my friends or family there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge sentenced Meserve to 23 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130107\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He did not make a statement in court that day. Through his family, he declined to comment for this story. Terri has since moved out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as the harvest season swings into full gear, a new crop of trimmigrants is streaming north, thumbs out, pointing toward the thickly forested mountains of the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> An earlier version of this story incorrectly characterized the pingpong tournament held at Petrolia’s community center. Only Meserve was involved with the setup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11129842/in-secretive-marijuana-industry-whispers-of-abuse-and-trafficking","authors":["byline_news_11129842"],"programs":["news_6944","news_72"],"series":["news_19101"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_19542","news_685","news_102","news_19907","news_1527","news_17286","news_17041"],"affiliates":["news_1667"],"featImg":"news_11129845","label":"source_news_11129842","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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