Plenty of Black college students want to be teachers, so why don't they end up in classrooms?
Many teacher prep programs include debunked methods to teach kids to read, new report finds
What we do (and don't) know about teacher shortages, and what can be done about them
Black and white teachers from HBCUs are better math instructors, study finds
Strategies for Retaining Teachers of Color and Making Schools More Equitable
How Preschool Teachers Leverage Student Curiosity into Early STEM Exploration
To Get To College, It Helps Black Students To Have A Black Teacher Early On
Transforming Physicists, Engineers into Teachers at New MIT Program
Does Preschool Pay Off? Tulsa Program Demonstrates Success
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"mindshift_61978":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61978","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61978","found":true},"title":"Kids in Engineering Class","publishDate":1688763846,"status":"inherit","parent":61973,"modified":1688763890,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/SeventyFour","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/iStock-1421313220.jpg","width":2121,"height":1414}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61842":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61842","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61842","found":true},"title":"cb read2","publishDate":1686877278,"status":"inherit","parent":61841,"modified":1686877332,"caption":"Some states have improved how they teach aspiring educators to teach children to read in recent years, a new National Council on Teacher Quality report finds.","credit":"Alex Zimmerman/Chalkbeat","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/cb-read2-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/cb-read2-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/cb-read2-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/cb-read2-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/cb-read2.jpg","width":840,"height":560}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_61257":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_61257","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"61257","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1679536767,"status":"inherit","parent":61254,"modified":1679595079,"caption":"First-grade teacher Kimberly Pate, 52, worked for nearly two decades as a classroom assistant. Through the Mississippi Teacher Residency, she'll earn a master's degree plus dual certification in elementary and special education, all at no cost. \"How could you pass that up?\" she laughs.","credit":"Imani Khayyam for NPR","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5379_slide-e0fcdc0a61cb5bc22b69be662b738acd7609a685-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1706}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_59913":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_59913","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"59913","found":true},"title":"Hechinger HBCU Math Teachers","publishDate":1664177276,"status":"inherit","parent":59912,"modified":1664177315,"caption":"Black elementary students in North Carolina tended to score higher on annual math tests when they were taught by an HBCU-trained teacher, but not necessarily a Black teacher, according to an unpublished study from a Stanford University graduate student. ","credit":"Cheryl Gerber for The Hechinger Report","altTag":"Students learning math","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/09/Hechinger-HBCU-Math-Teachers-800x534.png","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/png"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/09/Hechinger-HBCU-Math-Teachers-160x107.png","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/png"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/09/Hechinger-HBCU-Math-Teachers-768x513.png","width":768,"height":513,"mimeType":"image/png"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/09/Hechinger-HBCU-Math-Teachers-672x372.png","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/png"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/09/Hechinger-HBCU-Math-Teachers-977x576.png","width":977,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/png"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/09/Hechinger-HBCU-Math-Teachers.png","width":977,"height":652}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_57282":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_57282","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"57282","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1611355667,"status":"inherit","parent":57280,"modified":1612772969,"caption":null,"credit":"Qvasimodo/iStock","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-800x623.jpg","width":800,"height":623,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-1020x795.jpg","width":1020,"height":795,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-160x125.jpg","width":160,"height":125,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-768x598.jpg","width":768,"height":598,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-1536x1197.jpg","width":1536,"height":1197,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/01/iStock-1207872886.jpg","width":1920,"height":1496}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_53830":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_53830","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"53830","found":true},"title":"preschool-STEM2","publishDate":1560377988,"status":"inherit","parent":53821,"modified":1560378058,"caption":"Students at Educare New Orleans learn beginning STEM concepts every day through play.","credit":"Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/exploring-stem-through-play\">Edutopia\u003c/a>","description":"Students at Educare New Orleans learn beginning STEM concepts every day through play.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/preschool-STEM2-160x74.jpg","width":160,"height":74,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/preschool-STEM2-800x370.jpg","width":800,"height":370,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/preschool-STEM2-768x355.jpg","width":768,"height":355,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/preschool-STEM2-1020x472.jpg","width":1020,"height":472,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/preschool-STEM2-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/06/preschool-STEM2.jpg","width":1021,"height":472}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_52869":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_52869","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"52869","found":true},"title":"Mentor and Mirror","publishDate":1547255112,"status":"inherit","parent":52868,"modified":1547255112,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":"Mentor and Mirror","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1200x800.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-520x347.jpg","width":520,"height":347,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1180x787.jpg","width":1180,"height":787,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/01/af-am-teacher-mentor_slide-16d9e82c9461ccb3a593375164b25fd2de811fae.jpg","width":3147,"height":2098}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_50004":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_50004","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"50004","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1516262354,"status":"inherit","parent":50002,"modified":1516262368,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/Satenik_Guzhanina","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-160x120.jpg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-800x600.jpg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-768x576.jpg","width":768,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-1020x764.jpg","width":1020,"height":764,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-1920x1439.jpg","width":1920,"height":1439,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-1180x884.jpg","width":1180,"height":884,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-960x720.jpg","width":960,"height":720,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-240x180.jpg","width":240,"height":180,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-375x281.jpg","width":375,"height":281,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-520x390.jpg","width":520,"height":390,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-1180x884.jpg","width":1180,"height":884,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-1920x1439.jpg","width":1920,"height":1439,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/iStock-623714836.jpg","width":2000,"height":1499}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_49878":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_49878","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"49878","found":true},"title":"Tulsa","publishDate":1513062054,"status":"inherit","parent":49876,"modified":1513062070,"caption":null,"credit":"NPR/Chelsea Beck","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-160x107.jpeg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-800x533.jpeg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-768x512.jpeg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-672x372.jpeg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-240x160.jpeg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-375x250.jpeg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-520x346.jpeg","width":520,"height":346,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-32x32.jpeg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-50x50.jpeg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-64x64.jpeg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-96x96.jpeg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-128x128.jpeg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa-150x150.jpeg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Tulsa.jpeg","width":800,"height":533}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_mindshift_61973":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_61973","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_61973","name":"Jill Barshay, \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_61841":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_61841","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_61841","name":"Kalyn Belsha, Chalkbeat","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_61254":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_61254","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_61254","name":"Cory Turner","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_59912":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_59912","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_59912","name":"Jill Barshay, \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_52868":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_52868","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_52868","name":"Mayowa Aina","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_50002":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_50002","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_50002","name":"\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">Jon Marcus, The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_49876":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_49876","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_49876","name":"Claudio Sanchez","isLoading":false},"katrinaschwartz":{"type":"authors","id":"234","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"234","found":true},"name":"Katrina Schwartz","firstName":"Katrina","lastName":"Schwartz","slug":"katrinaschwartz","email":"kschwartz@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Producer","bio":"Katrina Schwartz is a journalist based in San Francisco. She's worked at KPCC public radio in LA and has reported on air and online for KQED since 2010. She covered how teaching and learning is changing for MindShift between 2012 and 2020. She is the co-host of the MindShift podcast and now produces KQED's Bay Curious podcast.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"kschwart","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Katrina Schwartz | KQED","description":"Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katrinaschwartz"},"ngobir":{"type":"authors","id":"11721","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11721","found":true},"name":"Nimah Gobir","firstName":"Nimah","lastName":"Gobir","slug":"ngobir","email":"ngobir@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Nimah Gobir | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ngobir"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_61973":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61973","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61973","score":null,"sort":[1688983215000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"plenty-of-black-college-students-want-to-be-teachers-so-why-dont-they-end-up-in-classrooms","title":"Plenty of Black college students want to be teachers, so why don't they end up in classrooms?","publishDate":1688983215,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Plenty of Black college students want to be teachers, so why don’t they end up in classrooms? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A growing problem in American classrooms is that teachers don’t resemble the students they teach. Eighty percent of the nation’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr/public-school-teachers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.8 million public school teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are white, but over half of their students are Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American and mixed races. The small slice of Black teachers has actually shrunk slightly over the past decade from 7% in 2011–12 to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr/public-school-teachers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">6%\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2020–21, while Black students make up a much larger 15% share of the public school student population. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Black teacher can make a positive difference for Black children. Research has shown that Black students are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0162373717693109?journalCode=epaa\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">less likely to be suspended\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and more likely to be \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/bright-black-students-who-are-taught-by-black-teachers-are-more-likely-to-get-into-gifted-and-talented-classrooms/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">placed in gifted classes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> when they are taught by Black teachers. Studies have often found that Black students \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecoedu/v45y2015icp44-52.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">learn more from teachers of the same race\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teacher diversity statistics in 2020-21. Public school teachers are overwhelmingly white but most students are not.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1210px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1210\" height=\"756\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1.png 1210w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-800x500.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-1020x637.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-160x100.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-768x480.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1210px) 100vw, 1210px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chart from the website of the National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). Characteristics of Public School Teachers. Condition of Education. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many reasons for the paucity of Black teachers. But a June 2023 analysis of college students in Michigan highlights a particularly leaky part of the teacher pipeline: teacher preparation programs inside colleges and universities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the start of college, Michigan’s Black students are almost as interested in teaching as white students, the report found. But Black students are far less likely to complete teacher preparation programs and become certified teachers. There’s a surprisingly large drop in prospective Black teachers as they’re finishing their coursework and about to start teaching internships in classrooms. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There are a lot of potentially great educators who just aren’t making it to the classroom,” said Tara Kilbride, lead author of the analysis conducted by Education Policy Innovation Collaborative (EPIC), a research center at Michigan State University.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The June 2023 research report, “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://epicedpolicy.org/tracking-progress-through-mi-teacher-pipeline/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tracking Progress Through Michigan’s Teacher Pipeline\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” analyzed prospective teachers of all races and found that enrollment in education courses has been declining since 2010. But two data points on Black undergraduates jumped out at me: their relatively high rates of curiosity about teaching and their extremely low completion rates in teacher certification. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilbride and her colleagues analyzed 12 years of college student data, from 2010-11 to 2021-22, at 15 public colleges and universities in Michigan, where the majority of Michigan’s teachers receive their training. Researchers noticed that Black undergraduates were almost as likely as white students to take a teacher education class (13% of Black students versus 14% of white students). \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only a fraction of the 34,000 Michigan students who took an initial education course progressed to student teachers, either by majoring in education or by adding a teacher preparation program to another field of study, often in the subject that they intend to teach. But the completion gap between Black and white students was large and striking. A mere 7% of the Black students who took a teacher education course in Michigan became student teachers, compared to 30% of white students who took these courses. To be sure, many students change their minds about becoming a teacher, but there’s no obvious reason why Black students would be changing their minds at such high rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers drilled into the data to try to understand what is going on. Part of the explanation is that Black students are dropping out of college in higher numbers. But students were abandoning teacher preparation in higher rates than they were leaving school. (In other words, the decline in prospective Black teachers far exceeded the Black college dropout rate.) Many of these Black students are staying in college and earning degrees. They’re just not completing their teacher training.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers next looked at the timing of Black students’ departure from the pathway to teaching. During introductory 100-level courses and intermediate 200-level courses, Black students are sticking with education at almost the same rate as white students. But as students progress to advanced coursework in 300- and 400-level courses, Black students abandon teacher training in much larger numbers. Many Black students have completed five or more semester-long courses in education at this point. It adds up to thousands of wasted hours and tuition dollars.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The leaky teacher pipeline. Course progression rates for undergraduates in education in Michigan’s public colleges and universities by race and ethnicity.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61974\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1258px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1258\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2.png 1258w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-800x317.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-1020x404.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-160x63.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-768x304.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only 7% of Black undergraduates who take an initial education class make it through to student teaching, a prerequisite for becoming a certified teacher in Michigan. Source: Figure 5 of “Tracking Progress Through Michigan’s Teacher Pipeline,” a June 2023 report of the Education Policy Innovation Collaborative (EPIC) at Michigan State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilbride suspects that several hurdles are disproportionately impeding the progress of prospective Black teachers as they near the end of their coursework. High among them is a state requirement to complete \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/educator_services/prep/clinical_experiences_requirements.pdf?rev=f95ac2294f834dad93b3116aa6bd697b\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">600 “clinical” hours\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of apprenticeships and student teaching, which are usually unpaid. Some university programs require more. That’s both a scheduling and financial challenge for Black students, many of whom are low-income and juggling a substantial part-time job alongside college.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s also a time cost,” said Kilbride, EPIC’s assistant director of research. “Some of these programs require a fifth year for students to complete these clinical experiences. So that’s an extra year that they’re spending on their education, and not earning a wage.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tuition alone for a fifth year of teacher preparation at Michigan State University, for example, runs \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2022/teacher-prep-program-change-2022#:~:text=The%20Michigan%20State%20University%20Teacher,the%20well%2Dregarded%20undergraduate%20program.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">$16,700\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another obstacle is Michigan’s teacher licensure tests. The pass rates for Black students are much lower, and it’s unclear why. (Only 54% of Black test-takers passed the Michigan Test for Teacher Certification, compared to 90%, 87%, and 83% of their White, Asian, and Hispanic counterparts, respectively.) Despite completing all or nearly all of their teacher training coursework, many Black students fail the test and leave the teacher preparation program before they even start their student teaching hours. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though the study took place only in Michigan, Kilbride says the loss of Black teacher candidates while still in college is likely a widespread phenomenon around the country. Michigan is a particularly good place to study the scarcity of Black teachers given the imbalance between the large Black population, the largest minority in the state, and the small number of Black teachers. Eighteen percent of public school students in Michigan are Black but only \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.michigan.gov/mde/news-and-information/press-releases/2023/06/27/michigan-is-making-progress-in-responding-to-the-teacher-shortage\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">7% \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">of teachers are.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilbride told me about several initiatives underway in Michigan to address the problems that Black prospective teachers are facing. There are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/student-teachers-michigan-eligible-stipends-17836886.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">new stipends\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – up to $9,600 a semester – to help low-income students with their bills while they are student teaching. Michigan State University recently \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2022/teacher-prep-program-change-2022#:~:text=The%20Michigan%20State%20University%20Teacher,the%20well%2Dregarded%20undergraduate%20program.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">shortened its five-year teacher preparation program to four years\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for all students who start in the fall of 2023. Kilbride says these and other reforms should be monitored to see if they help boost the number of Black teachers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The good news is that Black college students who overcome all the obstacles and make it across the finish line to become certified teachers are more likely to get jobs in public schools and stay in the profession. Almost three quarters of newly certified Black teachers taught in a Michigan public school within five years of becoming certified (compared to fewer than 70% of white teachers), and 44% taught for at least five years (compared to 38% of white teachers).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many approaches to boosting the number of teachers of color in U.S. classrooms. Of course, it makes sense to focus on doing more to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/opinion-we-must-remove-barriers-that-keep-teachers-away-from-our-profession-and-encourage-a-diverse-workforce/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">retain the few Black teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who are already there. But this Michigan report points to systemic problems that hinder the development of future Black teachers. They won’t be simple or cheap to fix. Defining the obstacles – as this study does – is a good first step.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This story about \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-plenty-of-black-college-students-want-to-be-teachers-but-something-keeps-derailing-them-late-in-the-process/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teacher diversity statistics\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proof Points\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hechinger newsletters\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A study of Michigan colleges found that Black students are almost as interested in teaching as white students but far less likely to become certified teachers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1688778113,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1439},"headData":{"title":"Plenty of Black college students want to be teachers, so why don't they end up in classrooms? | KQED","description":"A Michigan study found that Black students are almost as interested in teaching as white students but far less likely to become certified teachers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"A Michigan study found that Black students are almost as interested in teaching as white students but far less likely to become certified teachers."},"nprByline":"Jill Barshay, \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\" target=\"_blank\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61973/plenty-of-black-college-students-want-to-be-teachers-so-why-dont-they-end-up-in-classrooms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A growing problem in American classrooms is that teachers don’t resemble the students they teach. Eighty percent of the nation’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr/public-school-teachers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.8 million public school teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are white, but over half of their students are Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American and mixed races. The small slice of Black teachers has actually shrunk slightly over the past decade from 7% in 2011–12 to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr/public-school-teachers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">6%\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2020–21, while Black students make up a much larger 15% share of the public school student population. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Black teacher can make a positive difference for Black children. Research has shown that Black students are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0162373717693109?journalCode=epaa\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">less likely to be suspended\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and more likely to be \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/bright-black-students-who-are-taught-by-black-teachers-are-more-likely-to-get-into-gifted-and-talented-classrooms/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">placed in gifted classes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> when they are taught by Black teachers. Studies have often found that Black students \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecoedu/v45y2015icp44-52.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">learn more from teachers of the same race\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teacher diversity statistics in 2020-21. Public school teachers are overwhelmingly white but most students are not.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1210px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1210\" height=\"756\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1.png 1210w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-800x500.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-1020x637.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-160x100.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image1-768x480.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1210px) 100vw, 1210px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chart from the website of the National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). Characteristics of Public School Teachers. Condition of Education. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/clr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many reasons for the paucity of Black teachers. But a June 2023 analysis of college students in Michigan highlights a particularly leaky part of the teacher pipeline: teacher preparation programs inside colleges and universities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the start of college, Michigan’s Black students are almost as interested in teaching as white students, the report found. But Black students are far less likely to complete teacher preparation programs and become certified teachers. There’s a surprisingly large drop in prospective Black teachers as they’re finishing their coursework and about to start teaching internships in classrooms. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There are a lot of potentially great educators who just aren’t making it to the classroom,” said Tara Kilbride, lead author of the analysis conducted by Education Policy Innovation Collaborative (EPIC), a research center at Michigan State University.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The June 2023 research report, “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://epicedpolicy.org/tracking-progress-through-mi-teacher-pipeline/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tracking Progress Through Michigan’s Teacher Pipeline\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” analyzed prospective teachers of all races and found that enrollment in education courses has been declining since 2010. But two data points on Black undergraduates jumped out at me: their relatively high rates of curiosity about teaching and their extremely low completion rates in teacher certification. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilbride and her colleagues analyzed 12 years of college student data, from 2010-11 to 2021-22, at 15 public colleges and universities in Michigan, where the majority of Michigan’s teachers receive their training. Researchers noticed that Black undergraduates were almost as likely as white students to take a teacher education class (13% of Black students versus 14% of white students). \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only a fraction of the 34,000 Michigan students who took an initial education course progressed to student teachers, either by majoring in education or by adding a teacher preparation program to another field of study, often in the subject that they intend to teach. But the completion gap between Black and white students was large and striking. A mere 7% of the Black students who took a teacher education course in Michigan became student teachers, compared to 30% of white students who took these courses. To be sure, many students change their minds about becoming a teacher, but there’s no obvious reason why Black students would be changing their minds at such high rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers drilled into the data to try to understand what is going on. Part of the explanation is that Black students are dropping out of college in higher numbers. But students were abandoning teacher preparation in higher rates than they were leaving school. (In other words, the decline in prospective Black teachers far exceeded the Black college dropout rate.) Many of these Black students are staying in college and earning degrees. They’re just not completing their teacher training.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers next looked at the timing of Black students’ departure from the pathway to teaching. During introductory 100-level courses and intermediate 200-level courses, Black students are sticking with education at almost the same rate as white students. But as students progress to advanced coursework in 300- and 400-level courses, Black students abandon teacher training in much larger numbers. Many Black students have completed five or more semester-long courses in education at this point. It adds up to thousands of wasted hours and tuition dollars.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The leaky teacher pipeline. Course progression rates for undergraduates in education in Michigan’s public colleges and universities by race and ethnicity.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61974\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1258px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61974\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1258\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2.png 1258w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-800x317.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-1020x404.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-160x63.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/07/image2-768x304.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Only 7% of Black undergraduates who take an initial education class make it through to student teaching, a prerequisite for becoming a certified teacher in Michigan. Source: Figure 5 of “Tracking Progress Through Michigan’s Teacher Pipeline,” a June 2023 report of the Education Policy Innovation Collaborative (EPIC) at Michigan State University.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilbride suspects that several hurdles are disproportionately impeding the progress of prospective Black teachers as they near the end of their coursework. High among them is a state requirement to complete \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/educator_services/prep/clinical_experiences_requirements.pdf?rev=f95ac2294f834dad93b3116aa6bd697b\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">600 “clinical” hours\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of apprenticeships and student teaching, which are usually unpaid. Some university programs require more. That’s both a scheduling and financial challenge for Black students, many of whom are low-income and juggling a substantial part-time job alongside college.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s also a time cost,” said Kilbride, EPIC’s assistant director of research. “Some of these programs require a fifth year for students to complete these clinical experiences. So that’s an extra year that they’re spending on their education, and not earning a wage.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tuition alone for a fifth year of teacher preparation at Michigan State University, for example, runs \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2022/teacher-prep-program-change-2022#:~:text=The%20Michigan%20State%20University%20Teacher,the%20well%2Dregarded%20undergraduate%20program.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">$16,700\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another obstacle is Michigan’s teacher licensure tests. The pass rates for Black students are much lower, and it’s unclear why. (Only 54% of Black test-takers passed the Michigan Test for Teacher Certification, compared to 90%, 87%, and 83% of their White, Asian, and Hispanic counterparts, respectively.) Despite completing all or nearly all of their teacher training coursework, many Black students fail the test and leave the teacher preparation program before they even start their student teaching hours. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though the study took place only in Michigan, Kilbride says the loss of Black teacher candidates while still in college is likely a widespread phenomenon around the country. Michigan is a particularly good place to study the scarcity of Black teachers given the imbalance between the large Black population, the largest minority in the state, and the small number of Black teachers. Eighteen percent of public school students in Michigan are Black but only \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.michigan.gov/mde/news-and-information/press-releases/2023/06/27/michigan-is-making-progress-in-responding-to-the-teacher-shortage\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">7% \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">of teachers are.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kilbride told me about several initiatives underway in Michigan to address the problems that Black prospective teachers are facing. There are \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/student-teachers-michigan-eligible-stipends-17836886.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">new stipends\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> – up to $9,600 a semester – to help low-income students with their bills while they are student teaching. Michigan State University recently \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2022/teacher-prep-program-change-2022#:~:text=The%20Michigan%20State%20University%20Teacher,the%20well%2Dregarded%20undergraduate%20program.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">shortened its five-year teacher preparation program to four years\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for all students who start in the fall of 2023. Kilbride says these and other reforms should be monitored to see if they help boost the number of Black teachers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The good news is that Black college students who overcome all the obstacles and make it across the finish line to become certified teachers are more likely to get jobs in public schools and stay in the profession. Almost three quarters of newly certified Black teachers taught in a Michigan public school within five years of becoming certified (compared to fewer than 70% of white teachers), and 44% taught for at least five years (compared to 38% of white teachers).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many approaches to boosting the number of teachers of color in U.S. classrooms. Of course, it makes sense to focus on doing more to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/opinion-we-must-remove-barriers-that-keep-teachers-away-from-our-profession-and-encourage-a-diverse-workforce/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">retain the few Black teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who are already there. But this Michigan report points to systemic problems that hinder the development of future Black teachers. They won’t be simple or cheap to fix. Defining the obstacles – as this study does – is a good first step.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This story about \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-plenty-of-black-college-students-want-to-be-teachers-but-something-keeps-derailing-them-late-in-the-process/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teacher diversity statistics\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/special-reports/higher-education/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proof Points\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and other \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hechinger newsletters\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61973/plenty-of-black-college-students-want-to-be-teachers-so-why-dont-they-end-up-in-classrooms","authors":["byline_mindshift_61973"],"categories":["mindshift_21512","mindshift_21504"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_21479","mindshift_21213","mindshift_21567","mindshift_21675","mindshift_21674","mindshift_21576","mindshift_21263","mindshift_208","mindshift_21605"],"featImg":"mindshift_61978","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61841":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61841","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61841","score":null,"sort":[1686711629000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"many-teacher-prep-programs-include-debunked-methods-to-teach-kids-to-read-new-report-finds","title":"Many teacher prep programs include debunked methods to teach kids to read, new report finds","publishDate":1686711629,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Many teacher prep programs include debunked methods to teach kids to read, new report finds | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/13/23760110/reading-science-literacy-teacher-preparation-phonics-nctq-proficient-readers-colorado-arizona\" rel=\"canonical\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://ckbe.at/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cu>ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of aspiring teachers are graduating from educator prep programs each year unprepared to teach children how to read, or worse, armed with debunked strategies that can actually make it harder for kids to become proficient readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the most “sobering” findings of a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/Teacher_Prep_Review_Strengthening_Elementary_Reading_Instruction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new national report released Tuesday\u003c/a> by the National Council on Teacher Quality, a nonprofit that uses data to evaluate teacher prep programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is some good news: Several states, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://co.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/12/23758576/colorado-teacher-preparation-program-reading-report-top-state-university-northern-colorado\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like Colorado\u003c/a> and Arizona, have made significant strides in recent years in how they train teachers to teach reading, following statewide efforts to boost early literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the whole — when it comes to teaching teachers how to teach children to read aligned to the science of reading — I’m optimistic,” said Heather Peske, the president of the National Council on Teacher Quality. “And we have a lot of work to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report comes amid an ongoing national debate about how children best learn to read, and how much emphasis schools should place on explicitly teaching certain key components of literacy, such as phonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of states have passed laws in recent years, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/which-states-have-passed-science-of-reading-laws-whats-in-them/2022/07\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a tracker maintained by Education Week\u003c/a>, that require schools to use materials in line with the long-standing body of evidence on how children learn to read, often called the “science of reading.” Many of these laws also aim to improve teacher training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct its analysis, the National Council on Teacher Quality looked at course syllabi and materials, such as lecture notes and textbooks, from nearly 700 teacher prep programs across the U.S. The sample is fairly large: Together, those programs produce around two-thirds of all elementary school teacher candidates annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 1,150 teacher prep programs met the criteria to be reviewed, based on the number of elementary teachers they graduated each year. But some 440 programs declined to provide materials, so they were not reviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization also did not rate alternative teacher certification programs, which account for six of the 10 largest teacher prep programs in the nation, based on their number of graduates. The council wasn’t able to obtain materials from several of those programs, which tend to be shorter than traditional prep programs. A council spokesperson likened them to “a black box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It begs the question of: To what extent are they aligning their preparation with the science of reading?” Peske said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 260 programs earned an F grade from the council. Together, they produce upwards of 15,000 elementary teacher candidates a year, the council estimated. (Nationally, prep programs of all kinds graduated around 162,000 teacher candidates in spring 2021, the latest federal data shows, though that included teachers for all grades and subjects.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Mag8wI\">Many programs fail to teach key literacy components\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One major problem, according to the council’s report, is that around a quarter of the programs the council reviewed fail to adequately teach all five of the key components of literacy. Those are the skills researchers agree are crucial to how children learn to read: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those skills, phonemic awareness gets the least attention. Four out of 5 programs failed to offer at least seven hours of instructional time on that skill, the bar the council set for adequate coverage. The finding was echoed in similar council evaluations in \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/NCTQ_2020_Teacher_Prep_Review_Program_Performance_in_Early_Reading_Instruction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/UE_2016_Landscape_653385_656245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That matters because phonemic awareness — which involves working with the individual sounds in words, such as the C-A-T sounds in “cat” — prepares kids to develop phonics skills, which in turn helps them connect the sounds they hear to the letters on the page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the interconnectivity of these components, a teacher who lacks an understanding of one will be less effective teaching the others,” the report warns, “and students who miss instruction on one component may struggle to become fully literate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another big issue: Dozens of teacher prep programs are still teaching debunked methods, such as the three-cueing system, which encourages children to guess words they do not know by looking at a picture or the first letter of the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100 programs were still using a popular curriculum developed by Lucy Calkins, of Columbia University’s Teachers College, which has been \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/the-most-popular-reading-programs-arent-backed-by-science/2019/12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticized by experts\u003c/a> for \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2023/5/9/23717292/eric-adams-david-banks-nyc-school-reading-curriculum-mandate-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">failing to explicitly teach the key components of literacy\u003c/a>. Calkins \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/22/us/reading-teaching-curriculum-phonics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently revised the curriculum to address those concerns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still other programs are teaching a mix of research-backed and non-research-based strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It reminds me a little of sedimentary rock,” Peske said. “Somehow there is a layer of debunked practices that’s embedded in the program that needs to be extracted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"x6ppsS\">Some programs overhauled reading lessons to improve\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several states earned top marks from NCTQ after undertaking a major overhaul of their approach to reading instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://co.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/12/23758576/colorado-teacher-preparation-program-reading-report-top-state-university-northern-colorado\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado, for example, climbed to the top spot\u003c/a> in the nation after a yearslong, statewide campaign that included banning discredited elementary reading curriculum and requiring teacher training that follows the science of reading. Three years ago, the state was in the middle of the pack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona jumped from near the bottom to the ninth spot over that same period, following similar efforts to improve reading instruction in that state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teacher prep programs have put in a lot of work to make that happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Arizona State University, for example, which has one of the largest teacher prep programs in the country, faculty members put in hundreds of hours of work to create a new course that focuses solely on the five key components of literacy. It replaced another class that didn’t dive as deeply into those five skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university’s graduate and undergraduate teacher prep programs earned As on the council’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This class has a lot of content in it that helps students when they get to the next course, which is more application of their knowledge,” said Carlyn Ludlow, an associate director at ASU’s program who was involved in revamping the courses. “We felt like it was incredibly foundational.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the university also is changing an internship so teachers-in-training have a full semester to practice teaching reading in a school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some programs are getting outside support to overhaul their work on literacy instruction. Last year, the Indianapolis-based Lilly Endowment \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://in.chalkbeat.org/2022/8/18/23311738/indiana-lilly-endowment-phonics-reading-literacy-instruction-coaching\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pledged $25 million to support phonics-based instruction\u003c/a> for undergraduate teacher prep programs in Indiana’s colleges and universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teacher prep program at Texas A&M University-Texarkana earned an A+ from the council after Carol Cordray, an assistant professor of education, tore up the university’s old approach to teaching reading and started over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a 100% revamp,” Cordray said. “I don’t know that anything is left of the courses as they were four years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the classes that got a full overhaul focuses on how to assess children in reading. Now teachers-in-training go through a series of case studies, learning how to gather data and make decisions about which interventions to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had several of my students come back and just say: ‘I’m so grateful for all we learned in your courses because I was right ready to walk in and do what I needed to do,’” Cordray said. “That’s the very best thanks you can get: A prepared teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Kalyn Belsha is a national education reporter based in Chicago. Contact her at \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"mailto:kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/13/23760110/reading-science-literacy-teacher-preparation-phonics-nctq-proficient-readers-colorado-arizona\" rel=\"canonical\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Thousands of aspiring teachers are graduating from educator prep programs each year unprepared to teach children how to read, a new report found. But several states, like Colorado and Arizona, have made significant strides in recent years in how they train teachers to teach reading.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1686878417,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1332},"headData":{"title":"Many teacher prep programs include debunked methods to teach kids to read, new report finds | KQED","description":"About 1/4 of the teacher prep programs the council reviewed fail to adequately teach all five of the key components of literacy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"About 1/4 of the teacher prep programs the council reviewed fail to adequately teach all five of the key components of literacy."},"nprByline":"Kalyn Belsha, Chalkbeat","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61841/many-teacher-prep-programs-include-debunked-methods-to-teach-kids-to-read-new-report-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/13/23760110/reading-science-literacy-teacher-preparation-phonics-nctq-proficient-readers-colorado-arizona\" rel=\"canonical\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://ckbe.at/newsletters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cu>ckbe.at/newsletters\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of aspiring teachers are graduating from educator prep programs each year unprepared to teach children how to read, or worse, armed with debunked strategies that can actually make it harder for kids to become proficient readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the most “sobering” findings of a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/Teacher_Prep_Review_Strengthening_Elementary_Reading_Instruction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new national report released Tuesday\u003c/a> by the National Council on Teacher Quality, a nonprofit that uses data to evaluate teacher prep programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is some good news: Several states, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://co.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/12/23758576/colorado-teacher-preparation-program-reading-report-top-state-university-northern-colorado\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">like Colorado\u003c/a> and Arizona, have made significant strides in recent years in how they train teachers to teach reading, following statewide efforts to boost early literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the whole — when it comes to teaching teachers how to teach children to read aligned to the science of reading — I’m optimistic,” said Heather Peske, the president of the National Council on Teacher Quality. “And we have a lot of work to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report comes amid an ongoing national debate about how children best learn to read, and how much emphasis schools should place on explicitly teaching certain key components of literacy, such as phonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of states have passed laws in recent years, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/which-states-have-passed-science-of-reading-laws-whats-in-them/2022/07\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a tracker maintained by Education Week\u003c/a>, that require schools to use materials in line with the long-standing body of evidence on how children learn to read, often called the “science of reading.” Many of these laws also aim to improve teacher training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct its analysis, the National Council on Teacher Quality looked at course syllabi and materials, such as lecture notes and textbooks, from nearly 700 teacher prep programs across the U.S. The sample is fairly large: Together, those programs produce around two-thirds of all elementary school teacher candidates annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 1,150 teacher prep programs met the criteria to be reviewed, based on the number of elementary teachers they graduated each year. But some 440 programs declined to provide materials, so they were not reviewed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization also did not rate alternative teacher certification programs, which account for six of the 10 largest teacher prep programs in the nation, based on their number of graduates. The council wasn’t able to obtain materials from several of those programs, which tend to be shorter than traditional prep programs. A council spokesperson likened them to “a black box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It begs the question of: To what extent are they aligning their preparation with the science of reading?” Peske said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 260 programs earned an F grade from the council. Together, they produce upwards of 15,000 elementary teacher candidates a year, the council estimated. (Nationally, prep programs of all kinds graduated around 162,000 teacher candidates in spring 2021, the latest federal data shows, though that included teachers for all grades and subjects.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Mag8wI\">Many programs fail to teach key literacy components\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One major problem, according to the council’s report, is that around a quarter of the programs the council reviewed fail to adequately teach all five of the key components of literacy. Those are the skills researchers agree are crucial to how children learn to read: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those skills, phonemic awareness gets the least attention. Four out of 5 programs failed to offer at least seven hours of instructional time on that skill, the bar the council set for adequate coverage. The finding was echoed in similar council evaluations in \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/NCTQ_2020_Teacher_Prep_Review_Program_Performance_in_Early_Reading_Instruction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2020\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nctq.org/dmsView/UE_2016_Landscape_653385_656245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That matters because phonemic awareness — which involves working with the individual sounds in words, such as the C-A-T sounds in “cat” — prepares kids to develop phonics skills, which in turn helps them connect the sounds they hear to the letters on the page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the interconnectivity of these components, a teacher who lacks an understanding of one will be less effective teaching the others,” the report warns, “and students who miss instruction on one component may struggle to become fully literate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another big issue: Dozens of teacher prep programs are still teaching debunked methods, such as the three-cueing system, which encourages children to guess words they do not know by looking at a picture or the first letter of the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100 programs were still using a popular curriculum developed by Lucy Calkins, of Columbia University’s Teachers College, which has been \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/the-most-popular-reading-programs-arent-backed-by-science/2019/12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticized by experts\u003c/a> for \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2023/5/9/23717292/eric-adams-david-banks-nyc-school-reading-curriculum-mandate-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">failing to explicitly teach the key components of literacy\u003c/a>. Calkins \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/22/us/reading-teaching-curriculum-phonics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently revised the curriculum to address those concerns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still other programs are teaching a mix of research-backed and non-research-based strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It reminds me a little of sedimentary rock,” Peske said. “Somehow there is a layer of debunked practices that’s embedded in the program that needs to be extracted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"x6ppsS\">Some programs overhauled reading lessons to improve\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several states earned top marks from NCTQ after undertaking a major overhaul of their approach to reading instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://co.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/12/23758576/colorado-teacher-preparation-program-reading-report-top-state-university-northern-colorado\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado, for example, climbed to the top spot\u003c/a> in the nation after a yearslong, statewide campaign that included banning discredited elementary reading curriculum and requiring teacher training that follows the science of reading. Three years ago, the state was in the middle of the pack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona jumped from near the bottom to the ninth spot over that same period, following similar efforts to improve reading instruction in that state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teacher prep programs have put in a lot of work to make that happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Arizona State University, for example, which has one of the largest teacher prep programs in the country, faculty members put in hundreds of hours of work to create a new course that focuses solely on the five key components of literacy. It replaced another class that didn’t dive as deeply into those five skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university’s graduate and undergraduate teacher prep programs earned As on the council’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This class has a lot of content in it that helps students when they get to the next course, which is more application of their knowledge,” said Carlyn Ludlow, an associate director at ASU’s program who was involved in revamping the courses. “We felt like it was incredibly foundational.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the university also is changing an internship so teachers-in-training have a full semester to practice teaching reading in a school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some programs are getting outside support to overhaul their work on literacy instruction. Last year, the Indianapolis-based Lilly Endowment \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://in.chalkbeat.org/2022/8/18/23311738/indiana-lilly-endowment-phonics-reading-literacy-instruction-coaching\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pledged $25 million to support phonics-based instruction\u003c/a> for undergraduate teacher prep programs in Indiana’s colleges and universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teacher prep program at Texas A&M University-Texarkana earned an A+ from the council after Carol Cordray, an assistant professor of education, tore up the university’s old approach to teaching reading and started over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a 100% revamp,” Cordray said. “I don’t know that anything is left of the courses as they were four years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the classes that got a full overhaul focuses on how to assess children in reading. Now teachers-in-training go through a series of case studies, learning how to gather data and make decisions about which interventions to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had several of my students come back and just say: ‘I’m so grateful for all we learned in your courses because I was right ready to walk in and do what I needed to do,’” Cordray said. “That’s the very best thanks you can get: A prepared teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Kalyn Belsha is a national education reporter based in Chicago. Contact her at \u003c/i>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"mailto:kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/6/13/23760110/reading-science-literacy-teacher-preparation-phonics-nctq-proficient-readers-colorado-arizona\" rel=\"canonical\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61841/many-teacher-prep-programs-include-debunked-methods-to-teach-kids-to-read-new-report-finds","authors":["byline_mindshift_61841"],"categories":["mindshift_21504","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_444","mindshift_21673","mindshift_21241","mindshift_550","mindshift_21616","mindshift_21675","mindshift_21674","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_61842","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61254":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61254","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61254","score":null,"sort":[1679490315000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-we-do-and-dont-know-about-teacher-shortages-and-what-can-be-done-about-them","title":"What we do (and don't) know about teacher shortages, and what can be done about them","publishDate":1679490315,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Wearing an effortless smile and a crisp, gray suit with a cloth lapel flower, Tommy Nalls Jr. projects confidence. Which is the point. In a ballroom full of job candidates, no one wants to dance with a desperate partner. And, as badly as his district needs teachers, Nalls doesn't want just anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have to have this certain grit, that certain fight,\" says Nalls, director of recruitment for Jackson Public Schools, in Mississippi's capital city. \"That dog in 'em, so to speak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61255\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/cturner_thomas_jps_custom-df7dec0a6831ff3a275c7c614c10d0df58b98813.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/cturner_thomas_jps_custom-df7dec0a6831ff3a275c7c614c10d0df58b98813.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/cturner_thomas_jps_custom-df7dec0a6831ff3a275c7c614c10d0df58b98813-160x256.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tommy Nalls Jr. at a teacher job fair in Starkville, Miss. The head of recruitment for Jackson Public Schools says he's proud of his district's rise in state rankings, from an F-rated district to a C. \u003ccite>(Cory Turner/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On this sun-kissed morning in March, he's a couple hours north of Jackson, in a ballroom on the campus of Mississippi State University, at a job fair full of soon-to-graduate teachers and school district recruiters from all over the state, and even out-of-state, competing to hire them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many districts across the country are grappling with teacher shortages large and small. \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/whatsnew/press_releases/12_6_2022.asp?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Limited federal data\u003c/a> show, as of October 2022, 45% of public schools had at least one teacher vacancy; that's after the school year had already begun. And schools that serve high-poverty neighborhoods and/or a \"high-minority student body\" were more likely to have vacancies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several months, NPR has been exploring the forces at work behind these local teacher shortages. Interviews with more than 70 experts and educators across the country, including teachers both aspiring and retiring, offer several explanations: For nearly a decade,\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/12/04113550/TeacherPrep-report1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fewer people have been going to school to become teachers\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_211.60.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pay remains low in many places\u003c/a>; and, with unemployment also low, some could-be teachers have chosen more lucrative work elsewhere. Researchers and educators also point to a cultural undertow pulling at the profession: \u003ca href=\"https://www.edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/Kraft%20Lyon%202022%20State%20of%20the%20Teaching%20Profession_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a long decline in Americans' esteem for teaching\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators shared stories of students learning Spanish from computers, and superintendents doing double duty as substitute teachers. But they also shared stories of creative, committed efforts – from San Antonio to Hooper Bay, Alaska – to grow a new generation of teachers, while doing more to make sure veteran teachers want to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson's story is instructive, if not unique. On average, Nalls says, the district loses 1 in 5 teachers every year. Salaries there start at just $44,000, and, back at the job fair, Nalls has to compete with a suburban Texas district, a few tables over, advertising $58,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson's shortage is also exacerbated by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/01/1126121420/jackson-miss-residents-struggle-with-basic-needs-as-the-water-crisis-disrupts-li\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">years-long water crisis\u003c/a> and poverty, which can follow students to school in the form of trauma, disruptive behavior and lower test scores. In Mississippi, districts are publicly rated on student performance – a rating novice educators are well aware of. Just a few years ago, Jackson was an F-rated district, and this job fair has plenty of districts with higher salaries and technicolor banners trumpeting their A ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes 20 minutes for the first teacher candidate to pause at Nalls' table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm looking for a good work environment,\" says Kierra Carr, who plans to become an elementary school teacher. \"And I just want to have fun with the students, basically.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You hadn't considered ever coming to work and teach in Jackson?\" Nalls asks playfully, low-pressure. \"Why not?! We've got some of the best elementary schools in the state!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carr leaves her name and email on Nalls' interest list, while admitting she has reservations about teaching in Jackson: \"It's kind of scary. I think that's why most people stray away from teaching there because of what's been said on the news a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nalls leans into these headwinds with patient optimism. Jackson is on the rise, he points out, earning a C rating from the state last year. And he's proud to make that pitch to the eight candidates he interviews at the fair and the half dozen more who leave their contact information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're not beating the table down trying to get to Jackson,\" Nalls says toward the end of the fair. \"But we're working on that part of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's hard to know the size of the problem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"Teacher shortages are poorly understood.\" That's \u003ca href=\"https://edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/ai22-631.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a paper\u003c/a> published last summer. The reason they're poorly understood? A profound \"lack of data\" at the federal and state levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the paper's researchers built their own dataset by combing through news reports and the websites of state departments of education. Their conclusion, what they consider a \"conservative\" estimate of teacher shortages nationwide: at least 36,000 vacant positions and many times more jobs being filled by underqualified teachers. One of those researchers, Tuan Nguyen, shares his data at the easy-to-remember \u003ca href=\"https://www.teachershortages.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teachershortages.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA956-14.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A nationally representative survey\u003c/a> by the RAND Corporation, found that \"teacher turnover increased 4 percentage points above prepandemic levels, reaching 10 percent nationally at the end of the 2021–2022 school year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important to think of school staffing challenges not as one national shortage, but as innumerable hyper-local shortages. Because nationally, \"we have more teachers on a numeric basis than we did before the pandemic, and we have fewer students\" due to enrollment drops, says Chad Aldeman, a researcher who studies teacher shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Contrary to popular talking points, there is no generic shortage of teachers,\" \u003ca href=\"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED596444.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reads one deep-dive into the available data\u003c/a>. \"The biggest issue districts face in staffing schools with qualified teachers is... a chronic and perpetual misalignment of teacher supply and demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003cem>kinds\u003c/em> of teachers are consistently in short supply. Jackson Public Schools need special education, science and math teachers. But so does every other district at the job fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The misalignment of supply and demand is also geographic and economic, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There's an inequity around teacher shortages\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"Some schools are harder to staff,\" Aldeman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many districts \"have dozens of teachers applying for the same positions,\" Tuan Nguyen explains. \"But in a nearby district that is more economically disadvantaged or has a higher proportion of minority students, they have difficulty attracting teachers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61258\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Carter earned her master's degree in December through the Mississippi Teacher Residency. She's now a special education teacher by day and drives a bus before and after school to make extra money. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Jackson, the median income of school district households is \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/Programs/Edge/ACSDashboard/2802190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under $39,000\u003c/a>, and 95% of students are Black, after generations of white flight from the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, shortages are a lot like school districts themselves. They often begin and end at arbitrary lines that have more to do with privilege and zip code than the needs of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the job fair, Nalls meets a few candidates who, though they're from the Jackson area, say they're more interested in teaching in nearby, more affluent suburban schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the kids that need the most that are getting the least,\" says Margarita Bianco, who studies teacher recruitment at the University of Colorado Denver. \"And it's perpetuating an already horrific problem in terms of an opportunity gap between kids of color and their white, more affluent peers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pay and the cost of college also play a role\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Given that economically disadvantaged districts like Jackson are generally hit harder by shortages, the answer to why has to start with money. \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_211.60.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to federal data\u003c/a>, teachers in the U.S. earned an average of $66,397 in 2021-22. But there are a few wrinkles in that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it hides enormous variation in school funding and teacher pay from state to state. The average salary in Connecticut, $81,185, may be a comfortable wage, but the average in Mississippi was just $47,162. Keep in mind, that's not the average \u003cem>starting \u003c/em>salary; that's the average for \u003cem>all \u003c/em>public elementary and secondary school teachers in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salaries can also vary wildly from district to district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I moved down to the district in which I live and taught there, I would probably get a $10,000 pay raise just from switching districts,\" says Renee, a veteran high school English teacher in rural Ohio who asked that we not use her last name for fear of reprisal from her district. \"We lose a lot of teachers in my district after one, two, three, four years, because if they're single, especially, it's not enough money to have even just an apartment by themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, after adjusting for inflation, the average teacher's salary has \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_211.60.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stagnated since 1990.\u003c/a> According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/teacher-pay-penalty-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research from the Economic Policy Institute\u003c/a>, that means teachers also earned 23.5% less than comparable college graduates in 2021. Even after factoring in other benefits, teacher compensation still lagged other college grads by roughly 14%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm more educated than my husband,\" says Renee in rural Ohio. \"I have two master's degrees and a bachelor's degree, and I earn way less than he does.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renee echoed something NPR heard from many teachers – that she's tired of hearing school leaders and politicians talk of teaching as \"a calling,\" while pay remains so low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61259\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pastor Dwayne Williams, aka Mister D, started as a substitute teacher, but fell in love with the work and eventually enrolled in the Mississippi Teacher Residency program. Now the 61-year-old is teaching second-graders. \"You may not change everybody,\" Williams says, \"but you can change somebody.\" \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, she says, \"it's a calling. But it also should be a career.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the front-end cost of becoming a teacher. Most places still require at least 4 years of college, and \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_330.10.asp?current=yes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal data\u003c/a> shows that, while teacher pay has been stagnant since 1990, the inflation-adjusted cost of college has nearly doubled, from about $15,000 a year in 1990 to $29,000 in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse, federal loan forgiveness programs meant to help teachers shed college debts \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/672219778/the-trouble-with-teach-grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have made headlines\u003c/a> for doing the opposite. The rising cost of college is forcing an uncomfortable cost-benefit analysis on aspiring teachers. Ominously, between 2010 and 2018, enrollment in traditional teacher preparation programs \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/12/04113550/TeacherPrep-report1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dropped by roughly a third\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One important caveat to that decline, and an early sign of good news, is that since 2018 \"the data suggest that things are getting better, not worse,\" says researcher Chad Aldeman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The prestige associated with teaching isn't what it used to be\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pay, specialty and zip code matter a lot when it comes to local teacher shortages, but Matthew Kraft, who studies teacher hiring and training at Brown University, says subtler, no less important forces are also at work – about how we \u003cem>perceive\u003c/em> teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning, do we, as a culture, think teaching is prestigious? Is it a worthwhile pursuit that rewards hard work and earns the respect of peers? Are teachers happy they chose teaching?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were stunned by what we found\u003cem>,\" \u003c/em>says Kraft of the aptly titled paper \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai22-679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Rise and Fall of the Teaching Profession\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and his colleague studied more than a dozen datasets in an effort to gauge the health of the teaching profession over time. They looked at a nationally representative poll of high school seniors and multiple job satisfaction surveys of educators themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across every single indicator we measure, our findings show that the overall wellbeing of the teaching profession today is at or near historically low levels,\" they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perceptions of teacher prestige have fallen in the last decade, they write, \"to be at or near the lowest levels recorded over the last half century.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So too has interest in teaching fallen among high school seniors and college freshmen: \"50% since the 1990s, and 38% since 2010, reaching the lowest level in the last 50 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So that's generations of could-be teachers choosing other paths. What about those who do choose teaching?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teachers' job satisfaction is also at the lowest level in five decades, with the percent of teachers who feel the stress of their job is worth it dropping from 81% to 42% in the last 15 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that drop is not simply the result of pandemic stress, the researchers write. \"Most of these declines occurred steadily throughout the last decade suggesting they are a function of larger, long-standing structural issues with the profession. In our view, these findings should be cause for serious national concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In NPR interviews, former and current teachers offered story after story that echoed these broader findings – that teaching through the pandemic was incredibly difficult, but that many challenges had begun long before COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have definitely hit a new low,\" says Sandy Brumbaum, an elementary school teacher and literacy coach in the California Bay Area, who says teachers have felt micromanaged and disrespected by political efforts at the national, state and district level for years. \"When politicians and parents get involved and say, 'You can't teach this, and you can't teach that.' Like, you're judged and you're shamed for how you're teaching. I think that is demeaning.\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rural Kansas, Chelsey Juenemann has been teaching middle school language arts for most of her 20-year career, but, in November, she told her superintendent she'd be leaving at the end of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The view of education, the view of teachers has changed,\" Juenemann worries. \"There's not a lot of respect for education and educators. And it just takes it out of you after a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers were once thought of as \"heroes,\" Juenemann says, echoing generations of polling. \"These heroes that make such a difference in children's lives. And I don't feel like education and educators are viewed that way anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fix the teacher shortage? Well, how about you have supported teachers,\" says Christina Trosper of Knox County, Ky., who's in her 21st year of teaching. Trosper says, as a high school social studies teacher, the politics around what she can teach have become toxic. \"I've struggled. I have been ostracized. I have been straight up harassed. I have had death threats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trosper says she won't stop teaching. \"I f***ing love it. I love it. It is my passion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marie, an elementary school teacher for 10 years in Milwaukee, resigned in summer 2020. She says she loved working with children; it was the lesson-planning on nights and weekends, low pay, tension with some parents and lack of support from school leaders that led her to leave. Marie didn't want to use her full name because she still sometimes works as a substitute teacher in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I cried so hard writing that resignation letter,\" she says. \"I mourned the loss of that part of me and what could have been. And I was really heartbroken because it didn't have to be like this. Like, education could be good. It could be a good profession. But it just wasn't for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How some districts are trying to convince people teaching \u003cem>is\u003c/em> for them\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is still plenty that states and districts can do to better support current teachers and invest in the next generation of educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option stems from a national movement around Grow Your Own (GYO) programs, in which teacher candidates are cultivated from the local community. The hope is that a community member will be more personally invested in the school system and more likely to stick around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61260\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61260\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elementary school teacher Jonah Thomas, 22, is new to the classroom. Later this spring, he'll earn his master's in education through the Mississippi Teacher Residency. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drawing teachers from the community also makes it easier for students to see themselves and their life experiences reflected in their teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/reports/grow-your-own-teachers/a-look-at-the-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to New America\u003c/a>, at least 35 states have some sort of GYO policy on the books and/or fund a GYO program. Among those states is Mississippi, where Kimberly Pate now teaches first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pate, 52, worked for nearly two decades in Jackson's schools as a classroom assistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pay was \"peanuts,\" Pate says, \"so I was working literally two full-time jobs to make ends meet.\" With four children of her own, she couldn't afford to go back to college, to become a fully-licensed teacher. That is, until she was offered a slot in the Mississippi Teacher Residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pitch was hard to believe: In one year, she'd get a fully-paid-for master's degree from nearby Jackson State University and a better salary. She'd be assigned an experienced mentor at the school where she works (in her case, the assistant principal) to support her. Plus, Pate could keep working full time while being a student – so she could support her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it wasn't a full salary, I don't think I would be able to do it,\" says Pate, who will earn her master's, plus dual certification in elementary and special education, later this spring. \"It's like, how could you pass that up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In return for all of that, Jackson gets a few things. A fully licensed elementary and special education teacher, both in short supply there. Also, a promise from Pate that she will keep teaching in the city for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mississippi Department of Education is focusing its Grow Your Own efforts in 42 districts across the state that have had the hardest time finding and keeping staff. The Mississippi Teacher Residency stands out for its generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really a no-cost pathway. It is a Cadillac package,\" says Courtney Van Cleve, who heads teacher talent acquisition for the Mississippi Department of Education. \"We cover everything: tuition, books, testing fees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally paid for by a grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the Residency is now funded with federal dollars, through the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only does the program cover the full costs of a master's degree while allowing candidates to continue working full time, it is also explicitly intended to diversify the teacher workforce. According to the state, 70% of the program's residents identify as teachers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fewer than 1 in 5 teachers are people of color, but more than half of U.S. students are young people of color,\" wrote U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/opinion/2023/03/16/us-education-secretary-i-want-us-enrich-public-schools-not-ban-books-topics-column/?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a recent op-ed\u003c/a>. \"We know that our students benefit from being taught by teachers of all backgrounds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Jackson, that means using the Residency program to continue to train and retain teachers of color, including Pate and Jonah Thomas, 22, whose classroom is just down the hall from Pate's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61256 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5401_custom-36195b59b3fe0c6cdcab4f5c144e043329acde1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5401_custom-36195b59b3fe0c6cdcab4f5c144e043329acde1b.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5401_custom-36195b59b3fe0c6cdcab4f5c144e043329acde1b-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't see too many Black male teachers in elementary [school],\" says Thomas, who daps up a group of boys at the cafeteria door as he walks to class. \"Their father may not be here or their parents may not be getting along, so they're not seeing their father.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas says, \"I'm here for them. And I can talk to [them] about anything that [they] may be going through.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas wears a crisp black shirt, the sleeves just short enough to show his brother's name, Jonathan, tattooed on his right arm. He's an example of how GYO programs use incentives to reach college grads who might not have even considered teaching. He studied economics in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was still looking for accounting jobs,\" Thomas says, when he heard about the Mississippi Teacher Residency. \"If it weren't for this program, I wouldn't even be a teacher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was enticed by the idea, having seen first-hand the power of great teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I watched my mom teach growing up as a little boy. She treated other kids like they were her kids. Like, I remember being jealous sometimes,\" Thomas laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says taking master's-level classes while also working in the classroom has been exhausting, but kind of amazing. \"Everything that we learned we can apply it to our classroom. Like, we'd have classes sometimes where we may learn Wednesday something we can come to school and apply Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen full-fledged Jackson teachers have already come out of the Residency program, and about as many are on their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Pate says, if it weren't for the Mississippi Teacher Residency, she likely wouldn't be where she is now either, in her own classroom, facing a room full of eager first-graders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working on a reading lesson, the children smile on the edge of their chairs, sounding out P-ai-n-t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard work, reading. But they know they have Ms. Pate, and she isn't going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by: Nicole Cohen\u003cbr>\nVisual design and development by: LA Johnson and Ashley Ahn\u003cbr>\nResearch by: Jonaki Mehta\u003cbr>\nAudio stories produced by: Lauren Migaki\u003cbr>\nAudio stories edited by: Steven Drummond and Nicole Cohen\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+we+do+%28and+don%27t%29+know+about+teacher+shortages%2C+and+what+can+be+done+about+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Limited national data suggests teachers are plentiful, but many districts that serve some of the most vulnerable students would beg to differ.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1679601705,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":87,"wordCount":3541},"headData":{"title":"What we do (and don't) know about teacher shortages, and what can be done about them | KQED","description":"It's important to think of school staffing challenges not as one national shortage, but as innumerable hyper-local shortages.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"nprByline":"Cory Turner","nprImageAgency":"Imani Khayyam for NPR","nprStoryId":"1160371732","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1160371732&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/22/1160371732/teacher-shortages-mississippi-education-job-fair?ft=nprml&f=1160371732","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 22 Mar 2023 12:12:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 22 Mar 2023 05:00:31 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 22 Mar 2023 12:12:50 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/03/20230322_me_what_we_do_and_dont_know_about_teacher_shortages_and_what_can_be_done_about_them.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&d=399&p=3&story=1160371732&ft=nprml&f=1160371732","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11165250019-209fd4.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1013&d=399&p=3&story=1160371732&ft=nprml&f=1160371732","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61254/what-we-do-and-dont-know-about-teacher-shortages-and-what-can-be-done-about-them","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/03/20230322_me_what_we_do_and_dont_know_about_teacher_shortages_and_what_can_be_done_about_them.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&d=399&p=3&story=1160371732&ft=nprml&f=1160371732","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wearing an effortless smile and a crisp, gray suit with a cloth lapel flower, Tommy Nalls Jr. projects confidence. Which is the point. In a ballroom full of job candidates, no one wants to dance with a desperate partner. And, as badly as his district needs teachers, Nalls doesn't want just anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have to have this certain grit, that certain fight,\" says Nalls, director of recruitment for Jackson Public Schools, in Mississippi's capital city. \"That dog in 'em, so to speak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61255\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/cturner_thomas_jps_custom-df7dec0a6831ff3a275c7c614c10d0df58b98813.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/cturner_thomas_jps_custom-df7dec0a6831ff3a275c7c614c10d0df58b98813.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/cturner_thomas_jps_custom-df7dec0a6831ff3a275c7c614c10d0df58b98813-160x256.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tommy Nalls Jr. at a teacher job fair in Starkville, Miss. The head of recruitment for Jackson Public Schools says he's proud of his district's rise in state rankings, from an F-rated district to a C. \u003ccite>(Cory Turner/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On this sun-kissed morning in March, he's a couple hours north of Jackson, in a ballroom on the campus of Mississippi State University, at a job fair full of soon-to-graduate teachers and school district recruiters from all over the state, and even out-of-state, competing to hire them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many districts across the country are grappling with teacher shortages large and small. \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/whatsnew/press_releases/12_6_2022.asp?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Limited federal data\u003c/a> show, as of October 2022, 45% of public schools had at least one teacher vacancy; that's after the school year had already begun. And schools that serve high-poverty neighborhoods and/or a \"high-minority student body\" were more likely to have vacancies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several months, NPR has been exploring the forces at work behind these local teacher shortages. Interviews with more than 70 experts and educators across the country, including teachers both aspiring and retiring, offer several explanations: For nearly a decade,\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/12/04113550/TeacherPrep-report1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fewer people have been going to school to become teachers\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_211.60.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pay remains low in many places\u003c/a>; and, with unemployment also low, some could-be teachers have chosen more lucrative work elsewhere. Researchers and educators also point to a cultural undertow pulling at the profession: \u003ca href=\"https://www.edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/Kraft%20Lyon%202022%20State%20of%20the%20Teaching%20Profession_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a long decline in Americans' esteem for teaching\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators shared stories of students learning Spanish from computers, and superintendents doing double duty as substitute teachers. But they also shared stories of creative, committed efforts – from San Antonio to Hooper Bay, Alaska – to grow a new generation of teachers, while doing more to make sure veteran teachers want to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson's story is instructive, if not unique. On average, Nalls says, the district loses 1 in 5 teachers every year. Salaries there start at just $44,000, and, back at the job fair, Nalls has to compete with a suburban Texas district, a few tables over, advertising $58,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson's shortage is also exacerbated by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/01/1126121420/jackson-miss-residents-struggle-with-basic-needs-as-the-water-crisis-disrupts-li\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">years-long water crisis\u003c/a> and poverty, which can follow students to school in the form of trauma, disruptive behavior and lower test scores. In Mississippi, districts are publicly rated on student performance – a rating novice educators are well aware of. Just a few years ago, Jackson was an F-rated district, and this job fair has plenty of districts with higher salaries and technicolor banners trumpeting their A ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes 20 minutes for the first teacher candidate to pause at Nalls' table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm looking for a good work environment,\" says Kierra Carr, who plans to become an elementary school teacher. \"And I just want to have fun with the students, basically.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You hadn't considered ever coming to work and teach in Jackson?\" Nalls asks playfully, low-pressure. \"Why not?! We've got some of the best elementary schools in the state!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carr leaves her name and email on Nalls' interest list, while admitting she has reservations about teaching in Jackson: \"It's kind of scary. I think that's why most people stray away from teaching there because of what's been said on the news a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nalls leans into these headwinds with patient optimism. Jackson is on the rise, he points out, earning a C rating from the state last year. And he's proud to make that pitch to the eight candidates he interviews at the fair and the half dozen more who leave their contact information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're not beating the table down trying to get to Jackson,\" Nalls says toward the end of the fair. \"But we're working on that part of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's hard to know the size of the problem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"Teacher shortages are poorly understood.\" That's \u003ca href=\"https://edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/ai22-631.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a paper\u003c/a> published last summer. The reason they're poorly understood? A profound \"lack of data\" at the federal and state levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the paper's researchers built their own dataset by combing through news reports and the websites of state departments of education. Their conclusion, what they consider a \"conservative\" estimate of teacher shortages nationwide: at least 36,000 vacant positions and many times more jobs being filled by underqualified teachers. One of those researchers, Tuan Nguyen, shares his data at the easy-to-remember \u003ca href=\"https://www.teachershortages.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teachershortages.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA956-14.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A nationally representative survey\u003c/a> by the RAND Corporation, found that \"teacher turnover increased 4 percentage points above prepandemic levels, reaching 10 percent nationally at the end of the 2021–2022 school year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's important to think of school staffing challenges not as one national shortage, but as innumerable hyper-local shortages. Because nationally, \"we have more teachers on a numeric basis than we did before the pandemic, and we have fewer students\" due to enrollment drops, says Chad Aldeman, a researcher who studies teacher shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Contrary to popular talking points, there is no generic shortage of teachers,\" \u003ca href=\"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED596444.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reads one deep-dive into the available data\u003c/a>. \"The biggest issue districts face in staffing schools with qualified teachers is... a chronic and perpetual misalignment of teacher supply and demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003cem>kinds\u003c/em> of teachers are consistently in short supply. Jackson Public Schools need special education, science and math teachers. But so does every other district at the job fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The misalignment of supply and demand is also geographic and economic, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There's an inequity around teacher shortages\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"Some schools are harder to staff,\" Aldeman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many districts \"have dozens of teachers applying for the same positions,\" Tuan Nguyen explains. \"But in a nearby district that is more economically disadvantaged or has a higher proportion of minority students, they have difficulty attracting teachers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61258\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5766_slide-1e2f38352762c012c1f38117568a5a219bd88a4e-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Carter earned her master's degree in December through the Mississippi Teacher Residency. She's now a special education teacher by day and drives a bus before and after school to make extra money. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Jackson, the median income of school district households is \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/Programs/Edge/ACSDashboard/2802190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under $39,000\u003c/a>, and 95% of students are Black, after generations of white flight from the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, shortages are a lot like school districts themselves. They often begin and end at arbitrary lines that have more to do with privilege and zip code than the needs of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the job fair, Nalls meets a few candidates who, though they're from the Jackson area, say they're more interested in teaching in nearby, more affluent suburban schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the kids that need the most that are getting the least,\" says Margarita Bianco, who studies teacher recruitment at the University of Colorado Denver. \"And it's perpetuating an already horrific problem in terms of an opportunity gap between kids of color and their white, more affluent peers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pay and the cost of college also play a role\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Given that economically disadvantaged districts like Jackson are generally hit harder by shortages, the answer to why has to start with money. \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_211.60.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to federal data\u003c/a>, teachers in the U.S. earned an average of $66,397 in 2021-22. But there are a few wrinkles in that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it hides enormous variation in school funding and teacher pay from state to state. The average salary in Connecticut, $81,185, may be a comfortable wage, but the average in Mississippi was just $47,162. Keep in mind, that's not the average \u003cem>starting \u003c/em>salary; that's the average for \u003cem>all \u003c/em>public elementary and secondary school teachers in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salaries can also vary wildly from district to district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I moved down to the district in which I live and taught there, I would probably get a $10,000 pay raise just from switching districts,\" says Renee, a veteran high school English teacher in rural Ohio who asked that we not use her last name for fear of reprisal from her district. \"We lose a lot of teachers in my district after one, two, three, four years, because if they're single, especially, it's not enough money to have even just an apartment by themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, after adjusting for inflation, the average teacher's salary has \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_211.60.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stagnated since 1990.\u003c/a> According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/teacher-pay-penalty-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research from the Economic Policy Institute\u003c/a>, that means teachers also earned 23.5% less than comparable college graduates in 2021. Even after factoring in other benefits, teacher compensation still lagged other college grads by roughly 14%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm more educated than my husband,\" says Renee in rural Ohio. \"I have two master's degrees and a bachelor's degree, and I earn way less than he does.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renee echoed something NPR heard from many teachers – that she's tired of hearing school leaders and politicians talk of teaching as \"a calling,\" while pay remains so low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61259\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5518_slide-3a954c1bda11b527fe239fd33ee860a6601b0aa0-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pastor Dwayne Williams, aka Mister D, started as a substitute teacher, but fell in love with the work and eventually enrolled in the Mississippi Teacher Residency program. Now the 61-year-old is teaching second-graders. \"You may not change everybody,\" Williams says, \"but you can change somebody.\" \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, she says, \"it's a calling. But it also should be a career.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the front-end cost of becoming a teacher. Most places still require at least 4 years of college, and \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_330.10.asp?current=yes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal data\u003c/a> shows that, while teacher pay has been stagnant since 1990, the inflation-adjusted cost of college has nearly doubled, from about $15,000 a year in 1990 to $29,000 in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making matters worse, federal loan forgiveness programs meant to help teachers shed college debts \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/672219778/the-trouble-with-teach-grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have made headlines\u003c/a> for doing the opposite. The rising cost of college is forcing an uncomfortable cost-benefit analysis on aspiring teachers. Ominously, between 2010 and 2018, enrollment in traditional teacher preparation programs \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.americanprogress.org/content/uploads/2019/12/04113550/TeacherPrep-report1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dropped by roughly a third\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One important caveat to that decline, and an early sign of good news, is that since 2018 \"the data suggest that things are getting better, not worse,\" says researcher Chad Aldeman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The prestige associated with teaching isn't what it used to be\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pay, specialty and zip code matter a lot when it comes to local teacher shortages, but Matthew Kraft, who studies teacher hiring and training at Brown University, says subtler, no less important forces are also at work – about how we \u003cem>perceive\u003c/em> teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning, do we, as a culture, think teaching is prestigious? Is it a worthwhile pursuit that rewards hard work and earns the respect of peers? Are teachers happy they chose teaching?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were stunned by what we found\u003cem>,\" \u003c/em>says Kraft of the aptly titled paper \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai22-679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Rise and Fall of the Teaching Profession\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and his colleague studied more than a dozen datasets in an effort to gauge the health of the teaching profession over time. They looked at a nationally representative poll of high school seniors and multiple job satisfaction surveys of educators themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across every single indicator we measure, our findings show that the overall wellbeing of the teaching profession today is at or near historically low levels,\" they write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perceptions of teacher prestige have fallen in the last decade, they write, \"to be at or near the lowest levels recorded over the last half century.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So too has interest in teaching fallen among high school seniors and college freshmen: \"50% since the 1990s, and 38% since 2010, reaching the lowest level in the last 50 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So that's generations of could-be teachers choosing other paths. What about those who do choose teaching?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teachers' job satisfaction is also at the lowest level in five decades, with the percent of teachers who feel the stress of their job is worth it dropping from 81% to 42% in the last 15 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that drop is not simply the result of pandemic stress, the researchers write. \"Most of these declines occurred steadily throughout the last decade suggesting they are a function of larger, long-standing structural issues with the profession. In our view, these findings should be cause for serious national concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In NPR interviews, former and current teachers offered story after story that echoed these broader findings – that teaching through the pandemic was incredibly difficult, but that many challenges had begun long before COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have definitely hit a new low,\" says Sandy Brumbaum, an elementary school teacher and literacy coach in the California Bay Area, who says teachers have felt micromanaged and disrespected by political efforts at the national, state and district level for years. \"When politicians and parents get involved and say, 'You can't teach this, and you can't teach that.' Like, you're judged and you're shamed for how you're teaching. I think that is demeaning.\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rural Kansas, Chelsey Juenemann has been teaching middle school language arts for most of her 20-year career, but, in November, she told her superintendent she'd be leaving at the end of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The view of education, the view of teachers has changed,\" Juenemann worries. \"There's not a lot of respect for education and educators. And it just takes it out of you after a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers were once thought of as \"heroes,\" Juenemann says, echoing generations of polling. \"These heroes that make such a difference in children's lives. And I don't feel like education and educators are viewed that way anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fix the teacher shortage? Well, how about you have supported teachers,\" says Christina Trosper of Knox County, Ky., who's in her 21st year of teaching. Trosper says, as a high school social studies teacher, the politics around what she can teach have become toxic. \"I've struggled. I have been ostracized. I have been straight up harassed. I have had death threats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trosper says she won't stop teaching. \"I f***ing love it. I love it. It is my passion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marie, an elementary school teacher for 10 years in Milwaukee, resigned in summer 2020. She says she loved working with children; it was the lesson-planning on nights and weekends, low pay, tension with some parents and lack of support from school leaders that led her to leave. Marie didn't want to use her full name because she still sometimes works as a substitute teacher in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I cried so hard writing that resignation letter,\" she says. \"I mourned the loss of that part of me and what could have been. And I was really heartbroken because it didn't have to be like this. Like, education could be good. It could be a good profession. But it just wasn't for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How some districts are trying to convince people teaching \u003cem>is\u003c/em> for them\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is still plenty that states and districts can do to better support current teachers and invest in the next generation of educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option stems from a national movement around Grow Your Own (GYO) programs, in which teacher candidates are cultivated from the local community. The hope is that a community member will be more personally invested in the school system and more likely to stick around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61260\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61260\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5321_slide-3b67e64810ad87a73d045c7aa0b7066cf274b214-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elementary school teacher Jonah Thomas, 22, is new to the classroom. Later this spring, he'll earn his master's in education through the Mississippi Teacher Residency. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drawing teachers from the community also makes it easier for students to see themselves and their life experiences reflected in their teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/reports/grow-your-own-teachers/a-look-at-the-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to New America\u003c/a>, at least 35 states have some sort of GYO policy on the books and/or fund a GYO program. Among those states is Mississippi, where Kimberly Pate now teaches first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pate, 52, worked for nearly two decades in Jackson's schools as a classroom assistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pay was \"peanuts,\" Pate says, \"so I was working literally two full-time jobs to make ends meet.\" With four children of her own, she couldn't afford to go back to college, to become a fully-licensed teacher. That is, until she was offered a slot in the Mississippi Teacher Residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pitch was hard to believe: In one year, she'd get a fully-paid-for master's degree from nearby Jackson State University and a better salary. She'd be assigned an experienced mentor at the school where she works (in her case, the assistant principal) to support her. Plus, Pate could keep working full time while being a student – so she could support her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it wasn't a full salary, I don't think I would be able to do it,\" says Pate, who will earn her master's, plus dual certification in elementary and special education, later this spring. \"It's like, how could you pass that up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In return for all of that, Jackson gets a few things. A fully licensed elementary and special education teacher, both in short supply there. Also, a promise from Pate that she will keep teaching in the city for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mississippi Department of Education is focusing its Grow Your Own efforts in 42 districts across the state that have had the hardest time finding and keeping staff. The Mississippi Teacher Residency stands out for its generosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really a no-cost pathway. It is a Cadillac package,\" says Courtney Van Cleve, who heads teacher talent acquisition for the Mississippi Department of Education. \"We cover everything: tuition, books, testing fees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally paid for by a grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the Residency is now funded with federal dollars, through the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only does the program cover the full costs of a master's degree while allowing candidates to continue working full time, it is also explicitly intended to diversify the teacher workforce. According to the state, 70% of the program's residents identify as teachers of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fewer than 1 in 5 teachers are people of color, but more than half of U.S. students are young people of color,\" wrote U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/opinion/2023/03/16/us-education-secretary-i-want-us-enrich-public-schools-not-ban-books-topics-column/?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a recent op-ed\u003c/a>. \"We know that our students benefit from being taught by teachers of all backgrounds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Jackson, that means using the Residency program to continue to train and retain teachers of color, including Pate and Jonah Thomas, 22, whose classroom is just down the hall from Pate's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61256 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5401_custom-36195b59b3fe0c6cdcab4f5c144e043329acde1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5401_custom-36195b59b3fe0c6cdcab4f5c144e043329acde1b.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/mg_5401_custom-36195b59b3fe0c6cdcab4f5c144e043329acde1b-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You don't see too many Black male teachers in elementary [school],\" says Thomas, who daps up a group of boys at the cafeteria door as he walks to class. \"Their father may not be here or their parents may not be getting along, so they're not seeing their father.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas says, \"I'm here for them. And I can talk to [them] about anything that [they] may be going through.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas wears a crisp black shirt, the sleeves just short enough to show his brother's name, Jonathan, tattooed on his right arm. He's an example of how GYO programs use incentives to reach college grads who might not have even considered teaching. He studied economics in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was still looking for accounting jobs,\" Thomas says, when he heard about the Mississippi Teacher Residency. \"If it weren't for this program, I wouldn't even be a teacher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was enticed by the idea, having seen first-hand the power of great teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I watched my mom teach growing up as a little boy. She treated other kids like they were her kids. Like, I remember being jealous sometimes,\" Thomas laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says taking master's-level classes while also working in the classroom has been exhausting, but kind of amazing. \"Everything that we learned we can apply it to our classroom. Like, we'd have classes sometimes where we may learn Wednesday something we can come to school and apply Thursday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen full-fledged Jackson teachers have already come out of the Residency program, and about as many are on their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Pate says, if it weren't for the Mississippi Teacher Residency, she likely wouldn't be where she is now either, in her own classroom, facing a room full of eager first-graders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working on a reading lesson, the children smile on the edge of their chairs, sounding out P-ai-n-t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard work, reading. But they know they have Ms. Pate, and she isn't going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by: Nicole Cohen\u003cbr>\nVisual design and development by: LA Johnson and Ashley Ahn\u003cbr>\nResearch by: Jonaki Mehta\u003cbr>\nAudio stories produced by: Lauren Migaki\u003cbr>\nAudio stories edited by: Steven Drummond and Nicole Cohen\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+we+do+%28and+don%27t%29+know+about+teacher+shortages%2C+and+what+can+be+done+about+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61254/what-we-do-and-dont-know-about-teacher-shortages-and-what-can-be-done-about-them","authors":["byline_mindshift_61254"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_21479","mindshift_21575","mindshift_21567","mindshift_21398","mindshift_21576","mindshift_21461","mindshift_21263","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_61257","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_59912":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_59912","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"59912","score":null,"sort":[1664177450000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"black-and-white-teachers-from-hbcus-are-better-math-instructors-study-finds","title":"Black and white teachers from HBCUs are better math instructors, study finds","publishDate":1664177450,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>A large body of research shows that Black students are likely to learn more when they are taught by a Black teacher. Quantitative researchers have found better results for Black students taught by Black teachers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w11154\">Texas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecoedu/v45y2015icp44-52.html\">Florida\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-my/wp-content/uploads/sites/2824/2021/02/10203107/bartanen_grissom_JHR_forthcoming.pdf\">Missouri\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-my/wp-content/uploads/sites/2824/2021/02/10203107/bartanen_grissom_JHR_forthcoming.pdf\">Tennessee\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w12828\">North Carolina\u003c/a>. It’s one of the reasons that many education advocates have called for diversifying the teacher workforce, which is overwhelmingly white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a large study of a million elementary school students and nearly 35,000 teachers in North Carolina found that Black teachers aren’t always better for Black students. The race of the teacher didn’t affect the academic achievement of Black students in third through fifth grade across eight school years, from 2009-10 to 2017-18. Almost a quarter of the students were Black and they did just as well on their annual reading and math tests with a white teacher as they did with a Black one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, what mattered was where a teacher went to college. Both Black and white teachers trained at an historically black college or university (HBCU) helped Black students do better in math. Almost one out of 10 teachers in North Carolina graduated from an HBCU. Though not a large number, a quarter of these HBCU-trained teachers were white. During a year that a Black elementary school student had one of these HBCU-trained teachers, his or her math scores were higher. In the following year, if their teacher was trained elsewhere, these same Black students tended to post lower math scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought that this has to be wrong somehow because so many papers have found an effect for a Black-teacher Black-student match,” said Lavar Edmonds, a graduate student in economics and education at Stanford University, who conducted the analysis. Edmonds ran the numbers in different ways “over and over again” and kept getting the same results. “I only note a same-race teacher effect for Black students when that teacher went to an HBCU.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies weren’t necessarily wrong, but differences in the data can yield different results. For example, one earlier study focused on \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20190573\">long-term outcomes\u003c/a>, instead of test scores, and found higher college going rates for Black students taught by Black teachers. Edmonds’s study, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.lavaredmonds.com/uploads/1/4/2/8/142800166/hbcus_and_teacher_effects_draft_20220815.pdf\">Role Models Revisited: HBCUs, Same Race Teacher Effects and Black Student Achievement,\u003c/a>” hasn’t been peer reviewed or published in an academic journal, but an August 2022 draft was publicly posted. Bolstering Edmonds’s results is another unpublished \u003ca href=\"https://sree.confex.com/sree/2022/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/4055\">national study of 18,000 students\u003c/a>, presented at a September 2022 conference of the Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness. It also failed to find higher achievement in math, reading or science for students taught by a teacher of the same race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boost to math achievement for a Black student learning from an HBCU teacher wasn’t terribly large, but it was often larger than the benefit of having a Black teacher in previous studies. The increase in math test scores was equal to about 5 percent of the typical test score gap between Black and white students. White and Hispanic students weren’t penalized; they did just as well with HBCU teachers as they did with non-HBCU teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth emphasizing that this HBCU teacher benefit was detected only in math – not in reading. Black children’s reading scores were unaffected by their teacher’s race or university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what HBCUs are doing to train more effective math teachers is an excellent question and Edmonds admits he doesn’t know the answer. There are 11 HBCUs in North Carolina and five of them, such as Fayetteville State University and Elizabeth City State University, produced most of the teachers in this particular study. Historically, many of the nation’s 100 HBCUs were founded as teacher training grounds or “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_school\">normal\u003c/a>” schools. In North Carolina, half of all Black teachers hailed from an HBCU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, one might think that HBCUs produce teachers of lower quality. In this study, the HBCU trained teachers posted much lower scores on their teacher certification exams, called Praxis. “They’re clearly outperforming more ‘qualified’ teachers,” said Edmonds. “At a minimum, this raises the question of what we’re measuring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmonds doubts that math instructional approaches at HBCUs are dramatically different from those at other teaching programs. “The general concept of adding is going to be more or less the same,” said Edmonds, a former high school math teacher himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmonds speculates that HBCU-trained teachers experienced a different culture and climate in college that they replicate in their own classrooms. “Many of my family members went to HBCUs and a recurring theme is how they found it more welcoming,” he said. “They felt more at peace, more at home at an HBCU. Warmer, I would say. I think there is a component of that in how a teacher conveys information to a student. If you’re getting more of that environment, yourself, as a student at these institutions, I think it makes a difference in your disposition as a teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, different types of people choose to attend an HBCU in the first place. HBCU students might have had life experiences before college that helped them better connect with Black children in their professional lives. It’s possible that HBCUs aren’t doing anything magical at all, but that the people who attend them are special.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teacher race remains a big factor when it comes to student discipline. Black boys were more likely to be suspended with white teachers than with Black teachers, according to the study. But once again HBCU training makes a difference here too. Black boys were less likely to be suspended by an HBCU-trained white teacher than a white teacher who trained elsewhere. (HBCU training didn’t make a difference for the suspension rates of Black girls.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that the teaching profession is overwhelmingly white – \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2020/2020103/index.asp\">nearly 80 percent of teachers\u003c/a> – it’s heartening to see a study that can perhaps shine a light on how white teachers might become more effective with Black students, even as we try to diversify the ranks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmonds, who is Black, says the point of his paper is to help the field of education “think more deeply about teacher-student relationships” and what makes them work well in ways that can transcend race. “Not to say that race is not important, but I think if we are overly reliant on these characteristics, it’s a slippery slope, I think, to race essentialism,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HBCUs are clearly enjoying a renaissance. Applications to HBCUs spiked almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/11/us/hbcu-enrollment-black-students.html\">30 percent \u003c/a>from 2018 to 2021 even as the total number of U.S. undergraduate students dropped by almost \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">10 percent\u003c/a> during the pandemic. This study suggests another reason why HBCUs remain relevant and important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-black-and-white-teachers-from-hbcus-are-better-math-instructors-study-finds/\">\u003cem>HBCU teachers\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/em>The Hechinger Report\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=d3ee4c3e04\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Training matters more than the teacher’s race for Black students in North Carolina. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1664177450,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1224},"headData":{"title":"Black and white teachers from HBCUs are better math instructors, study finds - MindShift","description":"Training matters more than the teacher’s race for Black students in North Carolina. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"59912 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=59912","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2022/09/26/black-and-white-teachers-from-hbcus-are-better-math-instructors-study-finds/","disqusTitle":"Black and white teachers from HBCUs are better math instructors, study finds","nprByline":"Jill Barshay, \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/mindshift/59912/black-and-white-teachers-from-hbcus-are-better-math-instructors-study-finds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A large body of research shows that Black students are likely to learn more when they are taught by a Black teacher. Quantitative researchers have found better results for Black students taught by Black teachers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w11154\">Texas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecoedu/v45y2015icp44-52.html\">Florida\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-my/wp-content/uploads/sites/2824/2021/02/10203107/bartanen_grissom_JHR_forthcoming.pdf\">Missouri\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-my/wp-content/uploads/sites/2824/2021/02/10203107/bartanen_grissom_JHR_forthcoming.pdf\">Tennessee\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w12828\">North Carolina\u003c/a>. It’s one of the reasons that many education advocates have called for diversifying the teacher workforce, which is overwhelmingly white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a large study of a million elementary school students and nearly 35,000 teachers in North Carolina found that Black teachers aren’t always better for Black students. The race of the teacher didn’t affect the academic achievement of Black students in third through fifth grade across eight school years, from 2009-10 to 2017-18. Almost a quarter of the students were Black and they did just as well on their annual reading and math tests with a white teacher as they did with a Black one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, what mattered was where a teacher went to college. Both Black and white teachers trained at an historically black college or university (HBCU) helped Black students do better in math. Almost one out of 10 teachers in North Carolina graduated from an HBCU. Though not a large number, a quarter of these HBCU-trained teachers were white. During a year that a Black elementary school student had one of these HBCU-trained teachers, his or her math scores were higher. In the following year, if their teacher was trained elsewhere, these same Black students tended to post lower math scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought that this has to be wrong somehow because so many papers have found an effect for a Black-teacher Black-student match,” said Lavar Edmonds, a graduate student in economics and education at Stanford University, who conducted the analysis. Edmonds ran the numbers in different ways “over and over again” and kept getting the same results. “I only note a same-race teacher effect for Black students when that teacher went to an HBCU.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies weren’t necessarily wrong, but differences in the data can yield different results. For example, one earlier study focused on \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20190573\">long-term outcomes\u003c/a>, instead of test scores, and found higher college going rates for Black students taught by Black teachers. Edmonds’s study, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.lavaredmonds.com/uploads/1/4/2/8/142800166/hbcus_and_teacher_effects_draft_20220815.pdf\">Role Models Revisited: HBCUs, Same Race Teacher Effects and Black Student Achievement,\u003c/a>” hasn’t been peer reviewed or published in an academic journal, but an August 2022 draft was publicly posted. Bolstering Edmonds’s results is another unpublished \u003ca href=\"https://sree.confex.com/sree/2022/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/4055\">national study of 18,000 students\u003c/a>, presented at a September 2022 conference of the Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness. It also failed to find higher achievement in math, reading or science for students taught by a teacher of the same race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boost to math achievement for a Black student learning from an HBCU teacher wasn’t terribly large, but it was often larger than the benefit of having a Black teacher in previous studies. The increase in math test scores was equal to about 5 percent of the typical test score gap between Black and white students. White and Hispanic students weren’t penalized; they did just as well with HBCU teachers as they did with non-HBCU teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth emphasizing that this HBCU teacher benefit was detected only in math – not in reading. Black children’s reading scores were unaffected by their teacher’s race or university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what HBCUs are doing to train more effective math teachers is an excellent question and Edmonds admits he doesn’t know the answer. There are 11 HBCUs in North Carolina and five of them, such as Fayetteville State University and Elizabeth City State University, produced most of the teachers in this particular study. Historically, many of the nation’s 100 HBCUs were founded as teacher training grounds or “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_school\">normal\u003c/a>” schools. In North Carolina, half of all Black teachers hailed from an HBCU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first glance, one might think that HBCUs produce teachers of lower quality. In this study, the HBCU trained teachers posted much lower scores on their teacher certification exams, called Praxis. “They’re clearly outperforming more ‘qualified’ teachers,” said Edmonds. “At a minimum, this raises the question of what we’re measuring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmonds doubts that math instructional approaches at HBCUs are dramatically different from those at other teaching programs. “The general concept of adding is going to be more or less the same,” said Edmonds, a former high school math teacher himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmonds speculates that HBCU-trained teachers experienced a different culture and climate in college that they replicate in their own classrooms. “Many of my family members went to HBCUs and a recurring theme is how they found it more welcoming,” he said. “They felt more at peace, more at home at an HBCU. Warmer, I would say. I think there is a component of that in how a teacher conveys information to a student. If you’re getting more of that environment, yourself, as a student at these institutions, I think it makes a difference in your disposition as a teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, different types of people choose to attend an HBCU in the first place. HBCU students might have had life experiences before college that helped them better connect with Black children in their professional lives. It’s possible that HBCUs aren’t doing anything magical at all, but that the people who attend them are special.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teacher race remains a big factor when it comes to student discipline. Black boys were more likely to be suspended with white teachers than with Black teachers, according to the study. But once again HBCU training makes a difference here too. Black boys were less likely to be suspended by an HBCU-trained white teacher than a white teacher who trained elsewhere. (HBCU training didn’t make a difference for the suspension rates of Black girls.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that the teaching profession is overwhelmingly white – \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2020/2020103/index.asp\">nearly 80 percent of teachers\u003c/a> – it’s heartening to see a study that can perhaps shine a light on how white teachers might become more effective with Black students, even as we try to diversify the ranks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmonds, who is Black, says the point of his paper is to help the field of education “think more deeply about teacher-student relationships” and what makes them work well in ways that can transcend race. “Not to say that race is not important, but I think if we are overly reliant on these characteristics, it’s a slippery slope, I think, to race essentialism,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HBCUs are clearly enjoying a renaissance. Applications to HBCUs spiked almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/11/us/hbcu-enrollment-black-students.html\">30 percent \u003c/a>from 2018 to 2021 even as the total number of U.S. undergraduate students dropped by almost \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">10 percent\u003c/a> during the pandemic. This study suggests another reason why HBCUs remain relevant and important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-black-and-white-teachers-from-hbcus-are-better-math-instructors-study-finds/\">\u003cem>HBCU teachers\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> was written by Jill Barshay and produced by \u003c/em>The Hechinger Report\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=d3ee4c3e04\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/59912/black-and-white-teachers-from-hbcus-are-better-math-instructors-study-finds","authors":["byline_mindshift_59912"],"categories":["mindshift_1"],"tags":["mindshift_21455","mindshift_21479","mindshift_21480","mindshift_21341","mindshift_392","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_59913","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_57280":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_57280","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"57280","score":null,"sort":[1612775058000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"strategies-for-retaining-teachers-of-color-and-making-schools-more-equitable","title":"Strategies for Retaining Teachers of Color and Making Schools More Equitable","publishDate":1612775058,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Imagine – just for a moment – going through your entire K-12 experience without seeing a teacher that shares one of your most significant identities. This might be baffling to some, but it’s an everyday reality for many Black and Latinx learners making their way through public school systems. According to the National Center for Education Statistics 2017-18 report, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_clr.asp\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">79% of teachers are white\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, even as the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cge.asp\">majority of students\u003c/a> attending public schools are children of color\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, research shows schools are missing out on many potential benefits when teachers don’t reflect the ethnic or racial diversity of their students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There is a clear body of evidence with Black teachers and Latinx teachers that there is this added value for their capacity to improve learning, to improve social emotional learning, course taking, reducing suspension, taking more rigorous courses,” says Dr. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/56241/effective-anti-racist-education-requires-more-diverse-teachers-more-training\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Travis J. Bristol\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an assistant professor at UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Education. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He notes that Black and Latinx teachers’ lived experience uniquely position them to relate to students of color. And it’s not only students of color that benefit from having Black and Latinx educators – \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research suggests that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/10/07/496717541/study-finds-students-of-all-races-prefer-teachers-of-color\">white students also benefit\u003c/a> from teachers of color and those who offer different perspectives\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Black and Latinx teachers are underrepresented in public schools in most large cities across America. In Boston and Los Angeles, there are 30 percent more students of Latinx descent than there are teachers, according to the Albert Shanker Institute’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://www.shankerinstitute.org/sites/default/files/The%2520State%2520of%2520Teacher%2520Diversity%25202015.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">major report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the state of teacher diversity. For Black students in Cleveland and New Orleans, that gap is 40 percent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These numbers aren’t because of a lack of qualified candidates that enter the profession so much as it is about what happens after they enter schools. Black and Latinx teachers are the least likely to stay once they enter the workforce compared to their white colleagues, according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2016 State of Racial Diversity in the Educator Workforce\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by the US Department of Education. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, schools can develop solutions to better retain these teachers by confronting systemic issues related to why they leave. Bristol’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0161956X.2020.1828690?journalCode=hpje20\">latest research\u003c/a> unlocks effective strategies schools can apply to keep Black and Latinx teachers engaged in their practice and committed to K-12 teaching. The former New York City educator explains that retaining and supporting educators of color can disrupt notions of white supremacy and foster inclusivity. “Now, more than ever, we need people of color standing in front of our children in our classrooms,” he says, and what’s really at stake is creating a supportive environment for teachers and students alike.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>A school staffed for success\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bristol says there are different levers to engage in order to retain Black and Latinx educators. One of those levers is teacher preparation programs. Teachers of color in predominantly white teacher certification programs often struggle with feeling like their identity is not reflected in their coursework with curriculums that overlook their experiences and privilege the preparation of white middle-class educators. These conditions often prevent teachers of color from showing up as their full selves, and make them more likely to grow weary or disengaged with K-12 teaching.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another element of teacher prep programs relates to how they perceive students of color. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students are better supported when teacher prep programs prepare all teachers to engage with Black and Latinx learners by actively challenging deficit perspectives about students of color. Too often, educators are reluctant and even fearful when it comes to talking about race. However, developing school-wide racial and cultural literacy through professional development opportunities can equip them with some level of competency. Even among teacher-to-teacher relationships, a discomfort with race often leads to “typecasting” teachers of color as solely responsible for caring for, disciplining or supporting students of color and creating a disproportionate burden that also contributes to leaving the profession.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the pandemic has only exacerbated the pressures teachers of color are experiencing because Black and Latinx people have been harmed by coronavirus at higher rates than other groups. “The burden is both the weight of experiencing this virus in ways that their white colleagues may not, then also having to worry about that for their own students,” Bristol says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It has become increasingly important that when Black and Latinx teachers choose to teach in lower performing schools, which usually serve predominantly Black and Latinx children, school leaders need to make sure there are additional \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/55382/investing-in-counselors-isnt-only-about-mental-health-its-good-for-academics-too\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">investments in services such as social workers, counselors and school nurses\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to support teachers and keep them from burning out. Additionally, there needs to be a feedback mechanism to keep administrators informed about any necessary changes they may need to make to positively shape school working conditions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> While many schools are rushing to reopen, Bristol advises that districts must make sure to attend to the mental and emotional supports that all teachers – especially teachers of color – need in order to teach. That includes taking time before school reopens to provide professional learning opportunities that prepare teachers to help students make sense of the pandemic. “Before we bring children back, we have to bring teachers back,” he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Thought partnership and affinity groups \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching has never been an easy or straightforward profession. With the added nuance of being a teacher of color who is already underrepresented in the profession, it’s no surprise that having a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/56836/how-teachers-are-leaning-on-each-other-to-stay-resilient-during-covid-19\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">support network\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can provide serious relief. Even though each classroom poses dynamically different challenges, gathering with a workplace affinity group where members share a key identity offers community and comfort. Within the intimate confines of an affinity group, educators can address challenges, engage in honest dialogue and cultivate critical thought-partnership with colleagues and trained facilitators. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bristol also says affinity groups should be part of professional development requirements and participants should be compensated for attending. “Too often, we place extra responsibilities on people of color, and this can't be something extra.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although teachers can feel isolated at their schools, Bristol notes that most struggles that teachers deal with are not unique. Instead, there are patterns that are present in all types of schools, such as having to advocate for professional needs, communicating to colleagues about the ways in which their behaviors compound the added burden of being a teacher of color or creating necessary boundaries to sustain one’s teaching practice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Schools have a lot more work to do when it comes to retaining teachers of color. UC Berkeley professor Travis Bristol has some research into what helps them stay. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1613151106,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":1106},"headData":{"title":"Strategies for Retaining Teachers of Color and Making Schools More Equitable - MindShift","description":"The majority of K-12 students in the U.S. are people of color but the teaching profession is about 20 percent. UC Berkeley professor Travis Bristol has research into how teachers of color benefit all students and the work schools must do to retain them.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"57280 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=57280","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/02/08/strategies-for-retaining-teachers-of-color-and-making-schools-more-equitable/","disqusTitle":"Strategies for Retaining Teachers of Color and Making Schools More Equitable","path":"/mindshift/57280/strategies-for-retaining-teachers-of-color-and-making-schools-more-equitable","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Imagine – just for a moment – going through your entire K-12 experience without seeing a teacher that shares one of your most significant identities. This might be baffling to some, but it’s an everyday reality for many Black and Latinx learners making their way through public school systems. According to the National Center for Education Statistics 2017-18 report, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_clr.asp\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">79% of teachers are white\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, even as the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cge.asp\">majority of students\u003c/a> attending public schools are children of color\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, research shows schools are missing out on many potential benefits when teachers don’t reflect the ethnic or racial diversity of their students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There is a clear body of evidence with Black teachers and Latinx teachers that there is this added value for their capacity to improve learning, to improve social emotional learning, course taking, reducing suspension, taking more rigorous courses,” says Dr. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/56241/effective-anti-racist-education-requires-more-diverse-teachers-more-training\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Travis J. Bristol\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an assistant professor at UC Berkeley's Graduate School of Education. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He notes that Black and Latinx teachers’ lived experience uniquely position them to relate to students of color. And it’s not only students of color that benefit from having Black and Latinx educators – \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research suggests that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/10/07/496717541/study-finds-students-of-all-races-prefer-teachers-of-color\">white students also benefit\u003c/a> from teachers of color and those who offer different perspectives\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Black and Latinx teachers are underrepresented in public schools in most large cities across America. In Boston and Los Angeles, there are 30 percent more students of Latinx descent than there are teachers, according to the Albert Shanker Institute’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://www.shankerinstitute.org/sites/default/files/The%2520State%2520of%2520Teacher%2520Diversity%25202015.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">major report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the state of teacher diversity. For Black students in Cleveland and New Orleans, that gap is 40 percent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These numbers aren’t because of a lack of qualified candidates that enter the profession so much as it is about what happens after they enter schools. Black and Latinx teachers are the least likely to stay once they enter the workforce compared to their white colleagues, according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2016 State of Racial Diversity in the Educator Workforce\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by the US Department of Education. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, schools can develop solutions to better retain these teachers by confronting systemic issues related to why they leave. Bristol’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0161956X.2020.1828690?journalCode=hpje20\">latest research\u003c/a> unlocks effective strategies schools can apply to keep Black and Latinx teachers engaged in their practice and committed to K-12 teaching. The former New York City educator explains that retaining and supporting educators of color can disrupt notions of white supremacy and foster inclusivity. “Now, more than ever, we need people of color standing in front of our children in our classrooms,” he says, and what’s really at stake is creating a supportive environment for teachers and students alike.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>A school staffed for success\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bristol says there are different levers to engage in order to retain Black and Latinx educators. One of those levers is teacher preparation programs. Teachers of color in predominantly white teacher certification programs often struggle with feeling like their identity is not reflected in their coursework with curriculums that overlook their experiences and privilege the preparation of white middle-class educators. These conditions often prevent teachers of color from showing up as their full selves, and make them more likely to grow weary or disengaged with K-12 teaching.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another element of teacher prep programs relates to how they perceive students of color. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students are better supported when teacher prep programs prepare all teachers to engage with Black and Latinx learners by actively challenging deficit perspectives about students of color. Too often, educators are reluctant and even fearful when it comes to talking about race. However, developing school-wide racial and cultural literacy through professional development opportunities can equip them with some level of competency. Even among teacher-to-teacher relationships, a discomfort with race often leads to “typecasting” teachers of color as solely responsible for caring for, disciplining or supporting students of color and creating a disproportionate burden that also contributes to leaving the profession.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the pandemic has only exacerbated the pressures teachers of color are experiencing because Black and Latinx people have been harmed by coronavirus at higher rates than other groups. “The burden is both the weight of experiencing this virus in ways that their white colleagues may not, then also having to worry about that for their own students,” Bristol says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It has become increasingly important that when Black and Latinx teachers choose to teach in lower performing schools, which usually serve predominantly Black and Latinx children, school leaders need to make sure there are additional \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/55382/investing-in-counselors-isnt-only-about-mental-health-its-good-for-academics-too\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">investments in services such as social workers, counselors and school nurses\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to support teachers and keep them from burning out. Additionally, there needs to be a feedback mechanism to keep administrators informed about any necessary changes they may need to make to positively shape school working conditions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> While many schools are rushing to reopen, Bristol advises that districts must make sure to attend to the mental and emotional supports that all teachers – especially teachers of color – need in order to teach. That includes taking time before school reopens to provide professional learning opportunities that prepare teachers to help students make sense of the pandemic. “Before we bring children back, we have to bring teachers back,” he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Thought partnership and affinity groups \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching has never been an easy or straightforward profession. With the added nuance of being a teacher of color who is already underrepresented in the profession, it’s no surprise that having a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/56836/how-teachers-are-leaning-on-each-other-to-stay-resilient-during-covid-19\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">support network\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can provide serious relief. Even though each classroom poses dynamically different challenges, gathering with a workplace affinity group where members share a key identity offers community and comfort. Within the intimate confines of an affinity group, educators can address challenges, engage in honest dialogue and cultivate critical thought-partnership with colleagues and trained facilitators. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bristol also says affinity groups should be part of professional development requirements and participants should be compensated for attending. “Too often, we place extra responsibilities on people of color, and this can't be something extra.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although teachers can feel isolated at their schools, Bristol notes that most struggles that teachers deal with are not unique. Instead, there are patterns that are present in all types of schools, such as having to advocate for professional needs, communicating to colleagues about the ways in which their behaviors compound the added burden of being a teacher of color or creating necessary boundaries to sustain one’s teaching practice. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/57280/strategies-for-retaining-teachers-of-color-and-making-schools-more-equitable","authors":["11721"],"categories":["mindshift_21357"],"tags":["mindshift_21322","mindshift_20610","mindshift_943","mindshift_21398","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_57282","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53821":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53821","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53821","score":null,"sort":[1561359664000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-preschool-teachers-leverage-student-curiosity-into-early-stem-exploration","title":"How Preschool Teachers Leverage Student Curiosity into Early STEM Exploration","publishDate":1561359664,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Preschool kids are full of curiosity so it's the perfect time to introduce them to science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) concepts. At \u003ca href=\"https://www.educareschools.org/schools/new-orleans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Educare New Orleans\u003c/a> preschool teachers have been trained to teach STEM ideas through play. They set up play centers that explore concepts like building and states of matter. At first many of the adults thought the material would go over kids' heads, but they've been excited that when done in a play-based, age appropriate way that includes lots of hands-on discovery, the kids love it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can be engaging by allowing the kids to just play, stepping back, observing and encouraging them to see how the tool was helpful to them, just based on what they were doing, as opposed to me telling them what to do,\" said Giselle Scott, a preschool master teacher in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/exploring-stem-through-play\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edutopia video about the program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janay Parham, a preschool assistant teacher, likes exposing students to different subjects, materials and tools that they can use in their future school careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was growing up they didn't give us a lot of opportunities to do hands on activities when it came to science,\" said Parham. \"I think if I would have had those opportunities that I'm giving my students, that I would have been able to understand it more and be more interested in it. It's really fun to be able to explore those things with my students now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/qmLEl4QjQ3w\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our classrooms, if you're just walking by, it looks like a ball of fun,\" said Angie Belisle, the school director. \"It looks like kids running around playing. It's not stressful to the kids. The teachers make sure activities are tailored so that it's engaging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they also \u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/using-data-support-teacher-and-student-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">collect data \u003c/a>to make sure their program is high quality and that kids are leaving kindergarten-ready. Teachers collect observation data daily by interacting with kids in their play and talking with them. They take notes on both their cognitive and social development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Master teachers also use data to support professional development through \"reflective supervision.\" The emphasis is on growing as a teacher. Master teachers help their less-experienced colleagues by discussing both what went well and where the teacher can continue growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PhMkqjbiSaA\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Preschool students aren't too young to begin exploring their curiosity through play-based STEM activities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1561418080,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.youtube.com/embed/qmLEl4QjQ3w","https://www.youtube.com/embed/PhMkqjbiSaA"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":380},"headData":{"title":"How Preschool Teachers Leverage Student Curiosity into Early STEM Exploration | KQED","description":"Preschool students aren't too young to begin exploring their curiosity through play-based STEM activities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"53821 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53821","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/06/24/how-preschool-teachers-leverage-student-curiosity-into-early-stem-exploration/","disqusTitle":"How Preschool Teachers Leverage Student Curiosity into Early STEM Exploration","path":"/mindshift/53821/how-preschool-teachers-leverage-student-curiosity-into-early-stem-exploration","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Preschool kids are full of curiosity so it's the perfect time to introduce them to science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) concepts. At \u003ca href=\"https://www.educareschools.org/schools/new-orleans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Educare New Orleans\u003c/a> preschool teachers have been trained to teach STEM ideas through play. They set up play centers that explore concepts like building and states of matter. At first many of the adults thought the material would go over kids' heads, but they've been excited that when done in a play-based, age appropriate way that includes lots of hands-on discovery, the kids love it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can be engaging by allowing the kids to just play, stepping back, observing and encouraging them to see how the tool was helpful to them, just based on what they were doing, as opposed to me telling them what to do,\" said Giselle Scott, a preschool master teacher in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/exploring-stem-through-play\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edutopia video about the program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janay Parham, a preschool assistant teacher, likes exposing students to different subjects, materials and tools that they can use in their future school careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was growing up they didn't give us a lot of opportunities to do hands on activities when it came to science,\" said Parham. \"I think if I would have had those opportunities that I'm giving my students, that I would have been able to understand it more and be more interested in it. It's really fun to be able to explore those things with my students now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/qmLEl4QjQ3w\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our classrooms, if you're just walking by, it looks like a ball of fun,\" said Angie Belisle, the school director. \"It looks like kids running around playing. It's not stressful to the kids. The teachers make sure activities are tailored so that it's engaging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they also \u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/using-data-support-teacher-and-student-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">collect data \u003c/a>to make sure their program is high quality and that kids are leaving kindergarten-ready. Teachers collect observation data daily by interacting with kids in their play and talking with them. They take notes on both their cognitive and social development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Master teachers also use data to support professional development through \"reflective supervision.\" The emphasis is on growing as a teacher. Master teachers help their less-experienced colleagues by discussing both what went well and where the teacher can continue growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PhMkqjbiSaA\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53821/how-preschool-teachers-leverage-student-curiosity-into-early-stem-exploration","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_152","mindshift_391","mindshift_20898","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_53830","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_52868":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_52868","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"52868","score":null,"sort":[1547255246000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"to-get-to-college-it-helps-black-students-to-have-a-black-teacher-early-on","title":"To Get To College, It Helps Black Students To Have A Black Teacher Early On","publishDate":1547255246,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Public education has a persistent and well-documented issue: the achievement gap between white students and students of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have studied disparities in areas such as test scores and discipline rates to identify ways to close the gap. But what if matching the race of a student and their teacher could contribute to a solution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w25254\">A recent study\u003c/a> — part of a series of working papers published by the National Bureau of Economic Research — shows that having just one black teacher not only lowers black students' high school dropout rates and increases their desire to go to college, but also can make them more likely to enroll in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the results, black students who have just one black teacher in elementary school are 13 percent more likely to enroll in college than their peers who didn't have any black teachers. Students who have two black teachers are 32 percent more likely to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an update to a study\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/04/10/522909090/having-just-one-black-teacher-can-keep-black-kids-in-school\"> NPR reported on in 2017\u003c/a> that found that black students who had just one black teacher could help them stay in school. With the addition of college enrollment data, the analysis shows that the impact of black teachers on black students reaches even further than researchers initially thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over the past few years we have a lot of studies that have looked at the short-term outcome,\" says Constance Lindsay, a researcher at the Urban Institute and one of the report's authors. \"This is the first study of its kind to show that there are long-run effects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say that one of the reasons for these long-term effects is that black teachers serve as role models for black students. Their presence gives students a tangible example of what educational attainment might look like and therefore something to aspire toward, such as going to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a role model is an important aspect of teaching for Cristina Duncan Evans, a library media specialist in Baltimore City Public Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason why she chose to work at her current elementary school, she says, is because there are more black faculty members than where she previously worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are lots of role models that students can have,\" she says. \"They have lots of examples of what it means to be a black professional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn't necessarily the case at her previous school, and she says that that's not the case throughout the district either. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimorecityschools.org/Page/33693\">BCPS website\u003c/a>, just 40 percent of BCPS school teachers identify as African-American while the student population is close to 80 percent African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duncan Evans hopes that can change. She's one of the founding members of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmorecaucus.org/\">Baltimore Movement of Rank-and-File Educators (BMORE)\u003c/a> — a caucus within the Baltimore Teachers Union. One of the organization's goals is to recruit and retain more black educators in Baltimore's public schools. And they're not alone. Organizations, programs and initiatives such as BMORE are popping up \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2018-03-28/states-to-prioritize-hiring-teachers-of-color\">across the country\u003c/a> to address the lack of black educators and educators of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study does come with a few caveats: many students enrolled in community colleges or two-year programs, which aren't quite as lucrative as a four-year degree. And the researchers don't have any conclusions yet about how same-race teachers might impact students' college degree completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they add their work to a growing body of research that shows the benefits of same-race teachers for black students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Duncan Evans agrees. \"If we're going to inspire the next generation of black educators,\" she says, \"then we need black teachers to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Get+To+College%2C+It+Helps+Black+Students+To+Have+A+Black+Teacher+Early+On&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New research shows that black teachers have a much stronger effect on black students than previously thought.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1547255246,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":633},"headData":{"title":"To Get To College, It Helps Black Students To Have A Black Teacher Early On | KQED","description":"New research shows that black teachers have a much stronger effect on black students than previously thought.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"52868 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=52868","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/01/11/to-get-to-college-it-helps-black-students-to-have-a-black-teacher-early-on/","disqusTitle":"To Get To College, It Helps Black Students To Have A Black Teacher Early On","nprImageCredit":"LA Johnson","nprByline":"Mayowa Aina","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"682194015","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=682194015&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/11/682194015/-black-teachers-helps-black-students-get-to-college?ft=nprml&f=682194015","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 11 Jan 2019 14:31:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 11 Jan 2019 13:54:10 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 11 Jan 2019 14:31:53 -0500","path":"/mindshift/52868/to-get-to-college-it-helps-black-students-to-have-a-black-teacher-early-on","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Public education has a persistent and well-documented issue: the achievement gap between white students and students of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have studied disparities in areas such as test scores and discipline rates to identify ways to close the gap. But what if matching the race of a student and their teacher could contribute to a solution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w25254\">A recent study\u003c/a> — part of a series of working papers published by the National Bureau of Economic Research — shows that having just one black teacher not only lowers black students' high school dropout rates and increases their desire to go to college, but also can make them more likely to enroll in college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the results, black students who have just one black teacher in elementary school are 13 percent more likely to enroll in college than their peers who didn't have any black teachers. Students who have two black teachers are 32 percent more likely to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an update to a study\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/04/10/522909090/having-just-one-black-teacher-can-keep-black-kids-in-school\"> NPR reported on in 2017\u003c/a> that found that black students who had just one black teacher could help them stay in school. With the addition of college enrollment data, the analysis shows that the impact of black teachers on black students reaches even further than researchers initially thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over the past few years we have a lot of studies that have looked at the short-term outcome,\" says Constance Lindsay, a researcher at the Urban Institute and one of the report's authors. \"This is the first study of its kind to show that there are long-run effects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say that one of the reasons for these long-term effects is that black teachers serve as role models for black students. Their presence gives students a tangible example of what educational attainment might look like and therefore something to aspire toward, such as going to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being a role model is an important aspect of teaching for Cristina Duncan Evans, a library media specialist in Baltimore City Public Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason why she chose to work at her current elementary school, she says, is because there are more black faculty members than where she previously worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are lots of role models that students can have,\" she says. \"They have lots of examples of what it means to be a black professional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn't necessarily the case at her previous school, and she says that that's not the case throughout the district either. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimorecityschools.org/Page/33693\">BCPS website\u003c/a>, just 40 percent of BCPS school teachers identify as African-American while the student population is close to 80 percent African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duncan Evans hopes that can change. She's one of the founding members of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmorecaucus.org/\">Baltimore Movement of Rank-and-File Educators (BMORE)\u003c/a> — a caucus within the Baltimore Teachers Union. One of the organization's goals is to recruit and retain more black educators in Baltimore's public schools. And they're not alone. Organizations, programs and initiatives such as BMORE are popping up \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2018-03-28/states-to-prioritize-hiring-teachers-of-color\">across the country\u003c/a> to address the lack of black educators and educators of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study does come with a few caveats: many students enrolled in community colleges or two-year programs, which aren't quite as lucrative as a four-year degree. And the researchers don't have any conclusions yet about how same-race teachers might impact students' college degree completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they add their work to a growing body of research that shows the benefits of same-race teachers for black students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Duncan Evans agrees. \"If we're going to inspire the next generation of black educators,\" she says, \"then we need black teachers to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Get+To+College%2C+It+Helps+Black+Students+To+Have+A+Black+Teacher+Early+On&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/52868/to-get-to-college-it-helps-black-students-to-have-a-black-teacher-early-on","authors":["byline_mindshift_52868"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20701","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_68","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_52869","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_50002":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_50002","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"50002","score":null,"sort":[1516302151000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"transforming-physicists-engineers-into-teachers-at-new-mit-program","title":"Transforming Physicists, Engineers into Teachers at New MIT Program","publishDate":1516302151,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Doyung Lee is a living rebuke to the old maxim that those who can, do, and those who can’t, teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee, who is 24, has a bachelor’s degree in engineering that led him to become a programmer, a profession with high pay and good prospects. But he said he was “pretty miserable in that job. You don’t interact with people. You develop web apps you never see people use, and that weren’t meaningful to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’s joined a pioneering program based at MIT to take people like him, with experience in high-demand fields such as engineering, physics, math, languages, biology and neuroscience, and transform them into teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea upends the disparaging assessment, attributed to George Bernard Shaw, that teachers are people who have no other useful skills. And by putting other talents first, it’s also a closely watched reversal of the conventional approach to training them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have to focus on math, because they’re already good at math,” said Yoon Jeon Kim, a research scientist in MIT’s \u003ca href=\"https://tsl.mit.edu/\">Teaching Systems Lab\u003c/a> who is monitoring the effort to see how well it works. “We don’t have to focus on science, because they’re already good at science. So we can concentrate on how to teach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experiment, just getting under way, is called the Woodrow Wilson Academy of Teaching and Learning, named for the foundation that is underwriting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We don’t have to focus on math, because they’re already good at math. We don’t have to focus on science, because they’re already good at science. So we can concentrate on how to teach.’\u003ccite>Yoon Jeon Kim, MIT Teaching Systems Lab\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the face of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/09/18/where-have-all-the-teachers-gone/?utm_term=.6605bc249b69\">nationwide teacher shortage,\u003c/a> especially in science, technology, engineering and math, the academy is not the first program that has \u003ca href=\"https://uteach.utexas.edu/\">sought to attract\u003c/a> experts in these areas to teaching, but it offers a significant departure from traditional teacher training programs in several other high-tech ways. In addition to the familiar student teaching routine, for instance, it uses virtual reality avatars to simulate classroom situations and crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the more radical departures is its rejection of a fixed course schedule, organized by credit hours or semesters; students advance as soon as they can demonstrate they’ve mastered the material. This gives them experience with a process, known as competency-based learning, that a growing number of primary and secondary schools where they’ll eventually teach \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/havent-new-federal-rules-unleashed-innovation-schools/\">are beginning to adopt\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.inacol.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/iNACOL-RethinkingAccountability.pdf\">The International Association for K-12 Online Learning urged in December\u003c/a> that competency-based learning be expanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Lee and the other students in the inaugural class, which started in the fall, are not only learning how to become teachers; they’re also helping to design the program before more candidates show up, using input about successful training techniques from medical schools and even \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/the-surprising-institutions-that-refuse-to-drop-the-liberal-arts/\">military academies\u003c/a> and the U.S. Army War College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve thrown out tradition and rebuilt this thing,” said Arthur Levine, the academy’s founding president and former head of one of the preeminent traditional schools of education, Columbia University’s Teachers College. (The Hechinger Report, which produced this story, is housed at Teachers College and is supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York, which are also among the academy’s funders.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re taking the innovations people have been talking about and actually trying them,” said Levine, who has authored 12 books, including a series of reports on teacher preparation. Everything that succeeds, he said, will be offered to other teacher training programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are watching this,” said Rodrick Lucero, vice president of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. “There is a lot of pressure on this program. We’ll see if it works in the small scale and then if it would work at a much bigger institution, where there are thousands of teacher candidates” and not just the 10 hand-picked “design fellows” enrolled so far. Their ranks will grow to 25 next fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the cachet of MIT behind it, the project passed one major milestone unusually quickly, winning formal approval from the state of Massachusetts in the fall to award master’s degrees in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there remain substantial hurdles, not the least of which is getting highly skilled professionals with in-demand degrees to go into a line of work that typically offers much less money and prestige.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would people in these high-paying fields want to be teachers? The reality is a lot of them always wanted to be teachers, but people told them, ‘Why would you want to do that?’ Our job is to find those people,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm\">Programmers\u003c/a>, for example, earn nearly 40 percent more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/high-school-teachers.htm\">high school teachers\u003c/a>, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. And it isn’t only the salary that makes it tough to recruit prospective teachers: In recent years, a drumbeat of criticism from politicians and others has battered teacher morale and fueled turnover. Fewer than half of teachers said they were “very satisfied” with their jobs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2012/03/14/24metlife.h31.html\">a survey found\u003c/a>, and 29 percent said they were likely to quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why should you become a teacher if you can code and make so much more?” said Kim.*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, she said, people with backgrounds in technology are particularly suited to teaching, drawn as they are to problems and how to solve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexandra Trunnell, who at 20 has already earned degrees in physics and astronomy and is also enrolled at the academy, sees that firsthand, she said, in her student teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students ask me about things like black holes or distance over time, I can take what I’ve learned and bring it back to the classroom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What these first students in the new academy share in common, Yoon said, is that “they want to change the world through education. And they think this is how they can do it. This is a perfect fit for them. It doesn’t mean that teaching will be any easier for them than it is for other teachers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academy used social media to recruit its first class. It asked the presidents of top colleges and universities for nominees. It advertised on the Boston public transit system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to free tuition and a $20,000-a-year stipend, what it offered its prospective students was “the chance to invent the future,” Levine said. “This is the kind of place that when you see the job description you either say, ‘That’s crazy’ or, ‘That’s the perfect thing for me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breauna Campbell, 25, who has a bachelor’s degree in engineering with a concentration in chemical engineering, left a job testing pharmaceutical equipment to sign on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt like I wasn’t using all the educational opportunities I’d been given, to help the next generation,” said Campbell, who is from Indiana. “I’m not normally a risk-taker, so this is way out of my element. But the goals were in line with my thinking, realizing that how we’re educating students isn’t working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the idea of inventing the future, Levine said, that conventional schools of education have been slow to envision or embrace. So the academy teamed up with MIT, which doesn’t have a school of education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t want to change an education school,” Levine said. “We wanted to invent one. It’s just very hard to move these things into established organizations. We needed to create the model, which is what we hope we’re doing here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What MIT gets out of this is the chance to try out theories developed in its Teaching Systems Lab and other departments that study teaching and learning and ways they can benefit from new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many thinkers and engineers and scientists here who are interested in education in general and really want to impact K-12 education,” Yoon said. “We have all these interesting ideas that have already been incubated within MIT that we want to test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its small space on the first floor of a renovated old brick office building a few blocks from the MIT campus, the academy so far consists primarily of an open common area the size of a classroom where students sit at high counters and work on laptops and tablets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classes are provided both online and in person, supervised by a small faculty the academy calls “mentors.” Students are assessed through both conventional means and in new ways developed by these faculty and by scientists at MIT — in those virtual simulations, for example, and on video game-type tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these approaches are still being fine-tuned by the members of the inaugural class, who hang out in the common area when they’re not student teaching at a partner public school. On a whiteboard, color-coded sticky notes propose to answer the question: “What is an ideal teacher?” The answers include, “Passion for teaching,” “Efficient at explaining things,” “Efficient with time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time is one of the things this program considers radically differently. Rather than requiring that students sit through a comprehensive list of required courses of a given length in a particular order, it lets them move on once they’ve demonstrated that they know a subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If on Day One you’ve shown us you have all those competencies in the first 12 minutes, then just solve the problems and move on,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re throwing out the clock, we’re throwing out credit hours, we’re throwing out seat time,” he said, listing the customary measures used in higher education. “All we care about is outcomes: What do you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the academy leaders stress, candidates will be judged the old-fashioned way: by being made to prove, in a real-world classroom, that they’ve learned their stuff. Student teaching remains a central part of the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But students also interact with those virtual reality avatars, which simulate difficult situations they may not encounter in their training, such as belligerent parents or young people who suffer crises of confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might be in a school for an entire year and never see a student have a meltdown. We’ll make sure you do,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voiced by actors, the avatars may appear cartoonish, but the simulations are detailed down to the background noise of people passing in the corridor. After a while, Campbell said, “You’re really in it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest innovation of the program, however, is giving credit to these prospective teachers for their pre-existing knowledge and skills — especially in math and science disciplines that are so much in demand — Lucero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems to make sense that competency-based education is a good fit for people who have been professionals in their field,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lucero said, there may be risks in separately considering all of the expertise required in a classroom, rather than combining the various parts into a collective whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not about just being good at one skill but being good at all the skills you need when you walk in the door,” he said. “The danger is this may be a very simplistic way at looking at a complicated thing, and that is pedagogy. Whatever we do, we want to make sure we’re doing it in front of real kids in a real school in front of a master teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ideas do work, said Levine, he hopes that other schools of education will adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want this to be regarded as another competitor. We want it to be considered as a resource,” he said. “They don’t have to take the whole thing. They can adapt the challenges. They can adapt the simulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Lee has learned so far, in his student teaching, is “how not much has changed since I went to high school,” in spite of hurtling advances in technology. When he first went into a school as a student teacher, “I was, like, ‘Are you kidding me?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academy, he said, can change things much more quickly than conventional schools of education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re preparing teachers to help build what schools can actually become,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trunnell thinks so too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can fix a lot of other problems in education,” she said, “if we treat teachers as the superstars that they are. Because they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Sign up \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/c36ixT\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for our newsletter.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci>*Correction: This story has been updated with the correct surname of Yoon Jeon Kim.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"High-tech effort would also speed up teacher education by giving credit for existing skills","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1516987290,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":54,"wordCount":2300},"headData":{"title":"Transforming Physicists, Engineers into Teachers at New MIT Program | KQED","description":"High-tech effort would also speed up teacher education by giving credit for existing skills","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"50002 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=50002","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/01/18/transforming-physicists-engineers-into-teachers-at-new-mit-program/","disqusTitle":"Transforming Physicists, Engineers into Teachers at New MIT Program","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">Jon Marcus, The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>","path":"/mindshift/50002/transforming-physicists-engineers-into-teachers-at-new-mit-program","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Doyung Lee is a living rebuke to the old maxim that those who can, do, and those who can’t, teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee, who is 24, has a bachelor’s degree in engineering that led him to become a programmer, a profession with high pay and good prospects. But he said he was “pretty miserable in that job. You don’t interact with people. You develop web apps you never see people use, and that weren’t meaningful to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he’s joined a pioneering program based at MIT to take people like him, with experience in high-demand fields such as engineering, physics, math, languages, biology and neuroscience, and transform them into teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea upends the disparaging assessment, attributed to George Bernard Shaw, that teachers are people who have no other useful skills. And by putting other talents first, it’s also a closely watched reversal of the conventional approach to training them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have to focus on math, because they’re already good at math,” said Yoon Jeon Kim, a research scientist in MIT’s \u003ca href=\"https://tsl.mit.edu/\">Teaching Systems Lab\u003c/a> who is monitoring the effort to see how well it works. “We don’t have to focus on science, because they’re already good at science. So we can concentrate on how to teach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experiment, just getting under way, is called the Woodrow Wilson Academy of Teaching and Learning, named for the foundation that is underwriting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We don’t have to focus on math, because they’re already good at math. We don’t have to focus on science, because they’re already good at science. So we can concentrate on how to teach.’\u003ccite>Yoon Jeon Kim, MIT Teaching Systems Lab\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the face of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/09/18/where-have-all-the-teachers-gone/?utm_term=.6605bc249b69\">nationwide teacher shortage,\u003c/a> especially in science, technology, engineering and math, the academy is not the first program that has \u003ca href=\"https://uteach.utexas.edu/\">sought to attract\u003c/a> experts in these areas to teaching, but it offers a significant departure from traditional teacher training programs in several other high-tech ways. In addition to the familiar student teaching routine, for instance, it uses virtual reality avatars to simulate classroom situations and crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the more radical departures is its rejection of a fixed course schedule, organized by credit hours or semesters; students advance as soon as they can demonstrate they’ve mastered the material. This gives them experience with a process, known as competency-based learning, that a growing number of primary and secondary schools where they’ll eventually teach \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/havent-new-federal-rules-unleashed-innovation-schools/\">are beginning to adopt\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.inacol.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/iNACOL-RethinkingAccountability.pdf\">The International Association for K-12 Online Learning urged in December\u003c/a> that competency-based learning be expanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Lee and the other students in the inaugural class, which started in the fall, are not only learning how to become teachers; they’re also helping to design the program before more candidates show up, using input about successful training techniques from medical schools and even \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/the-surprising-institutions-that-refuse-to-drop-the-liberal-arts/\">military academies\u003c/a> and the U.S. Army War College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve thrown out tradition and rebuilt this thing,” said Arthur Levine, the academy’s founding president and former head of one of the preeminent traditional schools of education, Columbia University’s Teachers College. (The Hechinger Report, which produced this story, is housed at Teachers College and is supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York, which are also among the academy’s funders.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re taking the innovations people have been talking about and actually trying them,” said Levine, who has authored 12 books, including a series of reports on teacher preparation. Everything that succeeds, he said, will be offered to other teacher training programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are watching this,” said Rodrick Lucero, vice president of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. “There is a lot of pressure on this program. We’ll see if it works in the small scale and then if it would work at a much bigger institution, where there are thousands of teacher candidates” and not just the 10 hand-picked “design fellows” enrolled so far. Their ranks will grow to 25 next fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the cachet of MIT behind it, the project passed one major milestone unusually quickly, winning formal approval from the state of Massachusetts in the fall to award master’s degrees in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there remain substantial hurdles, not the least of which is getting highly skilled professionals with in-demand degrees to go into a line of work that typically offers much less money and prestige.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would people in these high-paying fields want to be teachers? The reality is a lot of them always wanted to be teachers, but people told them, ‘Why would you want to do that?’ Our job is to find those people,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm\">Programmers\u003c/a>, for example, earn nearly 40 percent more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/high-school-teachers.htm\">high school teachers\u003c/a>, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. And it isn’t only the salary that makes it tough to recruit prospective teachers: In recent years, a drumbeat of criticism from politicians and others has battered teacher morale and fueled turnover. Fewer than half of teachers said they were “very satisfied” with their jobs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2012/03/14/24metlife.h31.html\">a survey found\u003c/a>, and 29 percent said they were likely to quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why should you become a teacher if you can code and make so much more?” said Kim.*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, she said, people with backgrounds in technology are particularly suited to teaching, drawn as they are to problems and how to solve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexandra Trunnell, who at 20 has already earned degrees in physics and astronomy and is also enrolled at the academy, sees that firsthand, she said, in her student teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students ask me about things like black holes or distance over time, I can take what I’ve learned and bring it back to the classroom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What these first students in the new academy share in common, Yoon said, is that “they want to change the world through education. And they think this is how they can do it. This is a perfect fit for them. It doesn’t mean that teaching will be any easier for them than it is for other teachers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academy used social media to recruit its first class. It asked the presidents of top colleges and universities for nominees. It advertised on the Boston public transit system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to free tuition and a $20,000-a-year stipend, what it offered its prospective students was “the chance to invent the future,” Levine said. “This is the kind of place that when you see the job description you either say, ‘That’s crazy’ or, ‘That’s the perfect thing for me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breauna Campbell, 25, who has a bachelor’s degree in engineering with a concentration in chemical engineering, left a job testing pharmaceutical equipment to sign on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt like I wasn’t using all the educational opportunities I’d been given, to help the next generation,” said Campbell, who is from Indiana. “I’m not normally a risk-taker, so this is way out of my element. But the goals were in line with my thinking, realizing that how we’re educating students isn’t working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the idea of inventing the future, Levine said, that conventional schools of education have been slow to envision or embrace. So the academy teamed up with MIT, which doesn’t have a school of education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t want to change an education school,” Levine said. “We wanted to invent one. It’s just very hard to move these things into established organizations. We needed to create the model, which is what we hope we’re doing here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What MIT gets out of this is the chance to try out theories developed in its Teaching Systems Lab and other departments that study teaching and learning and ways they can benefit from new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many thinkers and engineers and scientists here who are interested in education in general and really want to impact K-12 education,” Yoon said. “We have all these interesting ideas that have already been incubated within MIT that we want to test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its small space on the first floor of a renovated old brick office building a few blocks from the MIT campus, the academy so far consists primarily of an open common area the size of a classroom where students sit at high counters and work on laptops and tablets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classes are provided both online and in person, supervised by a small faculty the academy calls “mentors.” Students are assessed through both conventional means and in new ways developed by these faculty and by scientists at MIT — in those virtual simulations, for example, and on video game-type tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these approaches are still being fine-tuned by the members of the inaugural class, who hang out in the common area when they’re not student teaching at a partner public school. On a whiteboard, color-coded sticky notes propose to answer the question: “What is an ideal teacher?” The answers include, “Passion for teaching,” “Efficient at explaining things,” “Efficient with time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time is one of the things this program considers radically differently. Rather than requiring that students sit through a comprehensive list of required courses of a given length in a particular order, it lets them move on once they’ve demonstrated that they know a subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If on Day One you’ve shown us you have all those competencies in the first 12 minutes, then just solve the problems and move on,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re throwing out the clock, we’re throwing out credit hours, we’re throwing out seat time,” he said, listing the customary measures used in higher education. “All we care about is outcomes: What do you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the academy leaders stress, candidates will be judged the old-fashioned way: by being made to prove, in a real-world classroom, that they’ve learned their stuff. Student teaching remains a central part of the curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But students also interact with those virtual reality avatars, which simulate difficult situations they may not encounter in their training, such as belligerent parents or young people who suffer crises of confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might be in a school for an entire year and never see a student have a meltdown. We’ll make sure you do,” Levine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voiced by actors, the avatars may appear cartoonish, but the simulations are detailed down to the background noise of people passing in the corridor. After a while, Campbell said, “You’re really in it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest innovation of the program, however, is giving credit to these prospective teachers for their pre-existing knowledge and skills — especially in math and science disciplines that are so much in demand — Lucero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems to make sense that competency-based education is a good fit for people who have been professionals in their field,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Lucero said, there may be risks in separately considering all of the expertise required in a classroom, rather than combining the various parts into a collective whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not about just being good at one skill but being good at all the skills you need when you walk in the door,” he said. “The danger is this may be a very simplistic way at looking at a complicated thing, and that is pedagogy. Whatever we do, we want to make sure we’re doing it in front of real kids in a real school in front of a master teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ideas do work, said Levine, he hopes that other schools of education will adopt them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want this to be regarded as another competitor. We want it to be considered as a resource,” he said. “They don’t have to take the whole thing. They can adapt the challenges. They can adapt the simulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Lee has learned so far, in his student teaching, is “how not much has changed since I went to high school,” in spite of hurtling advances in technology. When he first went into a school as a student teacher, “I was, like, ‘Are you kidding me?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academy, he said, can change things much more quickly than conventional schools of education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re preparing teachers to help build what schools can actually become,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trunnell thinks so too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can fix a lot of other problems in education,” she said, “if we treat teachers as the superstars that they are. Because they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Sign up \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/c36ixT\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for our newsletter.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci>*Correction: This story has been updated with the correct surname of Yoon Jeon Kim.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/50002/transforming-physicists-engineers-into-teachers-at-new-mit-program","authors":["byline_mindshift_50002"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_556","mindshift_96","mindshift_47","mindshift_208"],"featImg":"mindshift_50004","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_49876":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_49876","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"49876","score":null,"sort":[1513089079000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-program-demonstrates-success","title":"Does Preschool Pay Off? Tulsa Program Demonstrates Success","publishDate":1513089079,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>In 2001, not long after Oklahoma had adopted one of the nation's first universal pre-K programs, researchers from Georgetown University began tracking kids who came out of the program in Tulsa, documenting their academic progress over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new report published in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management today, researchers were able to show that Tulsa's pre-K program has significant, positive effects on students' outcomes and well-being through middle school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program, which serves seven out of 10 4-year-olds in Tulsa, has attracted lots \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/04/22/304563233/what-exactly-is-high-quality-preschool\">of national attention over the years\u003c/a> because of the on-going debate over the benefits of preschool and whether those benefits are long-lasting. William Gormley, a professor of public policy at Georgetown and one of the lead researchers, says the Tulsa findings offer convincing and compelling evidence that they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our conversation, edited for length:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is this study a big deal? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it's the first long-term study of a universal pre-K program that shows how kids benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four-year-olds were more likely to do well in reading, math and science as they moved up in grade. They were less likely to be held back or need special education, less likely to need remediation and more likely to enroll in gifted or honors programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hypothesize that a key reason for this is that elementary and middle school teachers have ratcheted up the academic rigor and quality of instruction because these kids were much better prepared [compared to students who weren't enrolled in preschool]. Classroom instruction then becomes more stimulating and beneficial to students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers tell us they can spot a pre-K alumnus a mile away because that child is better prepared to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What exactly did you measure?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We decided to look at a wide range of potential outcomes that the school district had good data on, deep into the middle school years. They included standardized test scores, letter grades, attendance, special education placement, whether students were in honors courses or gifted programs, suspension and retention rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In earlier findings, the kids in your study were also more likely to be engaged in class, less timid, more confident, with one glaring exception: black boys. By middle school, they're not doing as well as their white or Latino peers.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results for African-American kids are not as promising in the long term as the results for members of other ethnic and racial groups. Other research, including studies of Head Start, reached similar conclusions. But one big important finding for all kids in Tulsa's pre-K program, including black students, is that they were less likely to be retained in grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a really big, important finding because retention is closely associated with negative outcomes like weak academic performance, dropping out of school, higher crime rates, and lower earnings later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Hispanic kids do benefit more in the longer run compared to black children. For example, the principal beneficiaries of pre-K were English language learners. Their reading gains, in particular, were phenomenal after only nine months of being in Tulsa's pre-K program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You say that one major factor in kids' overall success is that the Tulsa program is of really \"high quality.\" How do you define high quality?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two different ways to measure pre-K quality. The first way is to focus on the education level [of preschool teachers] and student-teacher ratios in the classroom. Those things look very good in the Tulsa program. Every teacher has at least a bachelors degree and is early childhood-certified. They get paid the same as a regular [elementary school] teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the proof in the pudding is to see what's going on inside classrooms. In Tulsa, the legal requirement is that you have one teacher for every 10 students in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about funding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We estimate that the cost of full-day pre-K in Tulsa is $10,000 per student. The latest data shows that the long-term benefits of the Tulsa program exceed the short-term costs by at least two to one in current dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In other words, taxpayers should be reassured that their investment in universal pre-K is paying off. But can a high-quality program somehow \"inoculate\" children from academic failure?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that's a tough question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of students, especially disadvantaged students, suffer from low self-esteem. They do not think of themselves as being successful. That's when a high-quality pre-K can be enormously important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't necessarily know what's going on inside children's heads to account for their success. We don't know what's going on inside individual elementary and middle school classrooms that help sustain these successes. What we do know is that Tulsa's pre-K program is producing lasting dividends for students down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is Oklahoma's universal preschool program a model for the nation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, because Oklahoma has demonstrated a very strong commitment to pre-K over two decades. It has enormous public support so it would be hard to terminate it because ordinary folks know the program is doing wonderful things for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will your findings from Tulsa change the national debate about the long-term benefits of preschool, both real and perceived?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's been enormous interest in the Tulsa pre-K program for the past decade. That's because it was adopted by a very poor state, a rather conservative state and it continues to produce positive outcomes for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tulsa findings highlight the importance of quality, the importance of recruiting and retaining really good teachers. They've been trained extremely well. They've been allowed to devote more time to literacy, math and science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether that will continue is uncertain because the state of Oklahoma has [recently] chosen to underfund K-12 education and that's regrettable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means that unless Oklahoma chooses to invest more in education, some of these significant gains will dissipate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for our research, our next study will look at the impact of Tulsa's preschool program on high school students' performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Does+Preschool+Pay+Off%3F+Tulsa+Says+Yes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tulsa, Okla., has been the focus of much debate over the long-term benefits of preschool. The most recent findings by Georgetown University researchers are another strong endorsement for early ed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1513089079,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1050},"headData":{"title":"Does Preschool Pay Off? Tulsa Program Demonstrates Success | KQED","description":"Tulsa, Okla., has been the focus of much debate over the long-term benefits of preschool. The most recent findings by Georgetown University researchers are another strong endorsement for early ed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"49876 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=49876","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/12/12/does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-program-demonstrates-success/","disqusTitle":"Does Preschool Pay Off? Tulsa Program Demonstrates Success","nprByline":"Claudio Sanchez","nprStoryId":"568378251","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=568378251&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/12/12/568378251/does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-says-yes?ft=nprml&f=568378251","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 12 Dec 2017 00:00:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 12 Dec 2017 00:00:01 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 12 Dec 2017 00:00:01 -0500","path":"/mindshift/49876/does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-program-demonstrates-success","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2001, not long after Oklahoma had adopted one of the nation's first universal pre-K programs, researchers from Georgetown University began tracking kids who came out of the program in Tulsa, documenting their academic progress over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new report published in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management today, researchers were able to show that Tulsa's pre-K program has significant, positive effects on students' outcomes and well-being through middle school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program, which serves seven out of 10 4-year-olds in Tulsa, has attracted lots \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/04/22/304563233/what-exactly-is-high-quality-preschool\">of national attention over the years\u003c/a> because of the on-going debate over the benefits of preschool and whether those benefits are long-lasting. William Gormley, a professor of public policy at Georgetown and one of the lead researchers, says the Tulsa findings offer convincing and compelling evidence that they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our conversation, edited for length:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is this study a big deal? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it's the first long-term study of a universal pre-K program that shows how kids benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four-year-olds were more likely to do well in reading, math and science as they moved up in grade. They were less likely to be held back or need special education, less likely to need remediation and more likely to enroll in gifted or honors programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hypothesize that a key reason for this is that elementary and middle school teachers have ratcheted up the academic rigor and quality of instruction because these kids were much better prepared [compared to students who weren't enrolled in preschool]. Classroom instruction then becomes more stimulating and beneficial to students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers tell us they can spot a pre-K alumnus a mile away because that child is better prepared to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What exactly did you measure?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We decided to look at a wide range of potential outcomes that the school district had good data on, deep into the middle school years. They included standardized test scores, letter grades, attendance, special education placement, whether students were in honors courses or gifted programs, suspension and retention rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In earlier findings, the kids in your study were also more likely to be engaged in class, less timid, more confident, with one glaring exception: black boys. By middle school, they're not doing as well as their white or Latino peers.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results for African-American kids are not as promising in the long term as the results for members of other ethnic and racial groups. Other research, including studies of Head Start, reached similar conclusions. But one big important finding for all kids in Tulsa's pre-K program, including black students, is that they were less likely to be retained in grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a really big, important finding because retention is closely associated with negative outcomes like weak academic performance, dropping out of school, higher crime rates, and lower earnings later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Hispanic kids do benefit more in the longer run compared to black children. For example, the principal beneficiaries of pre-K were English language learners. Their reading gains, in particular, were phenomenal after only nine months of being in Tulsa's pre-K program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You say that one major factor in kids' overall success is that the Tulsa program is of really \"high quality.\" How do you define high quality?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two different ways to measure pre-K quality. The first way is to focus on the education level [of preschool teachers] and student-teacher ratios in the classroom. Those things look very good in the Tulsa program. Every teacher has at least a bachelors degree and is early childhood-certified. They get paid the same as a regular [elementary school] teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the proof in the pudding is to see what's going on inside classrooms. In Tulsa, the legal requirement is that you have one teacher for every 10 students in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about funding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We estimate that the cost of full-day pre-K in Tulsa is $10,000 per student. The latest data shows that the long-term benefits of the Tulsa program exceed the short-term costs by at least two to one in current dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In other words, taxpayers should be reassured that their investment in universal pre-K is paying off. But can a high-quality program somehow \"inoculate\" children from academic failure?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that's a tough question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of students, especially disadvantaged students, suffer from low self-esteem. They do not think of themselves as being successful. That's when a high-quality pre-K can be enormously important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't necessarily know what's going on inside children's heads to account for their success. We don't know what's going on inside individual elementary and middle school classrooms that help sustain these successes. What we do know is that Tulsa's pre-K program is producing lasting dividends for students down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is Oklahoma's universal preschool program a model for the nation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, because Oklahoma has demonstrated a very strong commitment to pre-K over two decades. It has enormous public support so it would be hard to terminate it because ordinary folks know the program is doing wonderful things for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will your findings from Tulsa change the national debate about the long-term benefits of preschool, both real and perceived?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's been enormous interest in the Tulsa pre-K program for the past decade. That's because it was adopted by a very poor state, a rather conservative state and it continues to produce positive outcomes for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tulsa findings highlight the importance of quality, the importance of recruiting and retaining really good teachers. They've been trained extremely well. They've been allowed to devote more time to literacy, math and science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether that will continue is uncertain because the state of Oklahoma has [recently] chosen to underfund K-12 education and that's regrettable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means that unless Oklahoma chooses to invest more in education, some of these significant gains will dissipate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for our research, our next study will look at the impact of Tulsa's preschool program on high school students' performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Does+Preschool+Pay+Off%3F+Tulsa+Says+Yes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/49876/does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-program-demonstrates-success","authors":["byline_mindshift_49876"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_152","mindshift_208","mindshift_21155"],"featImg":"mindshift_49878","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 18, 2024 6:18 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/mindshift?tag=teacher-training":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":21,"items":["mindshift_61973","mindshift_61841","mindshift_61254","mindshift_59912","mindshift_57280","mindshift_53821","mindshift_52868","mindshift_50002","mindshift_49876"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift_208":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_208","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"208","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher-training","slug":"teacher-training","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher-training Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":208,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-training"},"mindshift_21512":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21512","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21512","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Belonging","slug":"belonging","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Belonging Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20784,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/belonging"},"mindshift_21504":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21504","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21504","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Education research","slug":"education-research","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Education research Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20776,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/education-research"},"mindshift_21250":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21250","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21250","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"belonging","slug":"belonging","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"belonging Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20522,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/belonging"},"mindshift_21479":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21479","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21479","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Black teachers","slug":"black-teachers","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Black teachers Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20751,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/black-teachers"},"mindshift_21213":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21213","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21213","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"relationships","slug":"relationships","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"relationships Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20485,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/relationships"},"mindshift_21567":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21567","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21567","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher attrition","slug":"teacher-attrition","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher attrition Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20839,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-attrition"},"mindshift_21675":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21675","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21675","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher prep programs","slug":"teacher-prep-programs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher prep programs Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20947,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-prep-programs"},"mindshift_21674":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21674","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21674","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher preparation","slug":"teacher-preparation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher preparation Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20946,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-preparation"},"mindshift_21576":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21576","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21576","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher recruitment","slug":"teacher-recruitment","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher recruitment Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20848,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-recruitment"},"mindshift_21263":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21263","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21263","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher shortage","slug":"teacher-shortage","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher shortage Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20535,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-shortage"},"mindshift_21605":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21605","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21605","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teachers","slug":"teachers","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teachers Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20877,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teachers"},"mindshift_193":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_193","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"193","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Teaching Strategies","slug":"teaching-strategies","taxonomy":"category","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Teaching Strategies Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":193,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/teaching-strategies"},"mindshift_444":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_444","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"444","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"literacy","slug":"literacy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"literacy Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":446,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/literacy"},"mindshift_21673":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21673","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21673","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"National Council on Teacher Quality","slug":"national-council-on-teacher-quality","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"National Council on Teacher Quality Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20945,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/national-council-on-teacher-quality"},"mindshift_21241":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21241","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21241","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"phonics","slug":"phonics","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"phonics Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20513,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/phonics"},"mindshift_550":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_550","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"550","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Reading","slug":"reading","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Reading Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":553,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/reading"},"mindshift_21616":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21616","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21616","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"science of reading","slug":"science-of-reading","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"science of reading Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20888,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/science-of-reading"},"mindshift_192":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_192","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"192","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Big Ideas","slug":"big-ideas","taxonomy":"category","description":"The latest findings from experts in the field related to the future of learning.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Big Ideas Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"The latest findings from experts in the field related to the future of learning.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":192,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/big-ideas"},"mindshift_21575":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21575","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21575","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Mississippi","slug":"mississippi","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Mississippi Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20847,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/mississippi"},"mindshift_21398":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21398","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21398","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher burnout","slug":"teacher-burnout","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher burnout Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20670,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-burnout"},"mindshift_21461":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21461","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21461","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teacher retention","slug":"teacher-retention","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teacher retention Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20733,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-retention"},"mindshift_1":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_1","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"1","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Uncategorized","slug":"uncategorized","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Uncategorized Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/uncategorized"},"mindshift_21455":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21455","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21455","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Black students","slug":"black-students","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Black students Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20727,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/black-students"},"mindshift_21480":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21480","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21480","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"HBCU","slug":"hbcu","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"HBCU Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20752,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/hbcu"},"mindshift_21341":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21341","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21341","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"humanizing math","slug":"humanizing-math","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"humanizing math Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20613,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/humanizing-math"},"mindshift_392":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_392","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"392","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"math","slug":"math","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"math Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":393,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/math"},"mindshift_21357":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21357","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21357","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Antiracism","slug":"antiracism","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Antiracism Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20629,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/antiracism"},"mindshift_21322":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21322","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21322","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"antiracist","slug":"antiracist","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"antiracist Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20594,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/antiracist"},"mindshift_20610":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20610","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20610","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"diversity","slug":"diversity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"diversity Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19887,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/diversity"},"mindshift_943":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_943","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"943","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"social emotional learning","slug":"social-emotional-learning","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"social emotional learning Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":948,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/social-emotional-learning"},"mindshift_20784":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20784","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20784","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured","slug":"featured","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20061,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/featured"},"mindshift_1040":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_1040","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"1040","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"full-image","slug":"full-image","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"full-image Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1045,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/full-image"},"mindshift_152":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_152","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"152","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"preschool","slug":"preschool","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"preschool Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":152,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/preschool"},"mindshift_391":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_391","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"391","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"STEM education","slug":"stem-education","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"STEM education Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":392,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/stem-education"},"mindshift_20898":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20898","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20898","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"student data","slug":"student-data","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"student data Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20176,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/student-data"},"mindshift_20701":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20701","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20701","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"equity","slug":"equity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"equity Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19978,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/equity"},"mindshift_68":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_68","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"68","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Higher Education","slug":"higher-education","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Higher Education Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":68,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/higher-education"},"mindshift_556":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_556","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"556","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"MIT","slug":"mit","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"MIT Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":559,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/mit"},"mindshift_96":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_96","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"96","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"professional development","slug":"professional-development","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"professional development Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":96,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/professional-development"},"mindshift_47":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_47","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"47","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"STEM","slug":"stem","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"STEM Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":47,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/stem"},"mindshift_21155":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21155","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21155","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"universal pre-K","slug":"universal-pre-k","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"universal pre-K Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20427,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/universal-pre-k"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/mindshift/tag/teacher-training","previousPathname":"/"}}
