Indiana Lawmakers Ban Cellphones in Class. Now It's Up to Schools to Figure Out How
10 Hacks to Boost Teens' Executive Function Skills and Manage Screen Time
How to Help Your kids Navigate Social Media Without Getting Lost
Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help.
So your tween wants a smartphone? Read this first
What happens when one twin scorns social media and the other embraces it
Teens say social media is stressing them out. Here's how to help them
How to help young people limit screen time — and improve their body image
10 things to know about how social media affects teens' brains
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Now It's Up to Schools to Figure Out How","publishDate":1712224848,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Indiana Lawmakers Ban Cellphones in Class. Now It’s Up to Schools to Figure Out How | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>School officials in Indiana are looking forward to class without the buzz of cellphones next school year. A \u003ca href=\"https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/senate/185/details\">new law\u003c/a> with heavy bipartisan support requires school districts to adopt policies banning students from having wireless devices during class time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law applies to cellphones, tablets, laptops or gaming devices. It allows exemptions for educational purposes with a teacher’s permission, in emergencies or to manage health care. Students can also use technology if they have a disability or as part of an individualized education program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida passed a similar law last year and Kentucky, Vermont, Tennessee and Kansas are considering it. Supporters say the laws reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577101803/a-schools-way-to-fight-phones-in-class-lock-em-up\">distractions in the classroom\u003c/a>, cut down on bullying through social media and encourage more in-person interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools in the state — and elsewhere — already had these bans on their own. Now others will have to adopt them, though the law doesn’t spell out how to enforce them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bloomfield, a professor of education leadership, law and policy at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York Graduate Center, said the law means more work for schools and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cellphones have to be removed from their persons, and they have to be stored somewhere away from that individual,” he said. “That’s going to take time. It’s going to take expense, and it’s going to take enforcement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomfield said some schools use technology-blocking software, but that raises questions about how students can use their phones in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the law’s lack of specific enforcement measures could lead to racial disparities in how the policies — or penalties — are applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy for states to require districts to have policies, but they’re really offloading the job to school districts, and then obviously to schools to enforce those policies,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indiana Rep. Julie McGuire, a Republican and one of the sponsors of the bill in the legislature, said some teachers now don’t have the power to confiscate phones even when they create a distraction. She said the new law will reduce problematic behavior around social media and teach students to replace screen time with more face-to-face communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we cannot control the amount of time students spend on social media outside school hours, we can provide reprieve during the seven hours per day that should be focused on learning,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Matt Pierce opposed the bill, questioning the need for mandating what he said should be obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the policy perspective, it makes sense,” he said. “The other part of me is like, really? We need a bill so a school corporation can have a common-sense policy telling its kids not to use these devices? I was going to vote against this bill just because I don’t think it’s needed, but now I’ve got somebody telling me that you’ve got a school somewhere that’s telling some teacher they can’t just take the darn phone away. I don’t get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was signed by Indiana’s Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb in early March. and the law takes effect July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some districts, like Indianapolis Public Schools, will not be largely affected by the new law because they already have similar policies in place. Other districts vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Westfield Washington School District, communications director Joshua Andrews said high school students there can only have their phones at lunch and between classes. However, middle school students cannot use their phones at all during the school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you change something that big, it kind of makes people recoil a little bit. But, there’s been little to no problems with it since we’ve rolled it out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts are still in the process of developing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Terhune, superintendent at Greenwood Community School Corp., said students at his schools generally aren’t supposed to have their phones out during class unless they have a teacher’s permission. However, the rules vary by grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my goals is to try to meet with some of our neighboring school districts and see kind of where everybody lands on that,” he said. “Within our county, Johnson County, I would like to try to be consistent with other districts. But again, everybody’s going to have their own opinion on those things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kirsten Adair covers education for Indiana Public Broadcasting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 IPB News. To see more, visit \u003ca>IPB News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Indiana+lawmakers+ban+cellphones+in+class.+Now+it%27s+up+to+schools+to+figure+out+how&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many schools — but not all — in the state and around the U.S. already ban phones in class. A new law in Indiana requires them to.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712241281,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":793},"headData":{"title":"Indiana Lawmakers Ban Cellphones in Class. Now It's Up to Schools to Figure Out How | KQED","description":"Many schools — but not all — in the state and around the U.S. already ban phones in class. A new law in Indiana requires them to.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"mindshift_63471","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"mindshift_63471","socialDescription":"Many schools — but not all — in the state and around the U.S. already ban phones in class. A new law in Indiana requires them to.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Indiana Lawmakers Ban Cellphones in Class. Now It's Up to Schools to Figure Out How","datePublished":"2024-04-04T10:00:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-04T14:34:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"monkeybusinessimages","nprByline":"Kirsten Adair","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1240667966","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1240667966&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/03/1240667966/indiana-bans-cell-phones-schools-social-media-distraction?ft=nprml&f=1240667966","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 03 Apr 2024 16:03:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 03 Apr 2024 14:43:46 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 03 Apr 2024 16:03:34 -0400","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-1142303281/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2024/03/20240324_atc_indiana_bans_phones_in_class.mp3?orgId=4780104&topicId=1013&d=195&story=1240667966&ft=nprml&f=1240667966","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11242565439-f5ce55.m3u?orgId=4780104&topicId=1013&d=195&story=1240667966&ft=nprml&f=1240667966","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63470/indiana-lawmakers-ban-cellphones-in-class-now-its-up-to-schools-to-figure-out-how","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-1142303281/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2024/03/20240324_atc_indiana_bans_phones_in_class.mp3?orgId=4780104&topicId=1013&d=195&story=1240667966&ft=nprml&f=1240667966","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>School officials in Indiana are looking forward to class without the buzz of cellphones next school year. A \u003ca href=\"https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/senate/185/details\">new law\u003c/a> with heavy bipartisan support requires school districts to adopt policies banning students from having wireless devices during class time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law applies to cellphones, tablets, laptops or gaming devices. It allows exemptions for educational purposes with a teacher’s permission, in emergencies or to manage health care. Students can also use technology if they have a disability or as part of an individualized education program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida passed a similar law last year and Kentucky, Vermont, Tennessee and Kansas are considering it. Supporters say the laws reduce \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577101803/a-schools-way-to-fight-phones-in-class-lock-em-up\">distractions in the classroom\u003c/a>, cut down on bullying through social media and encourage more in-person interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many schools in the state — and elsewhere — already had these bans on their own. Now others will have to adopt them, though the law doesn’t spell out how to enforce them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bloomfield, a professor of education leadership, law and policy at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York Graduate Center, said the law means more work for schools and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The cellphones have to be removed from their persons, and they have to be stored somewhere away from that individual,” he said. “That’s going to take time. It’s going to take expense, and it’s going to take enforcement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomfield said some schools use technology-blocking software, but that raises questions about how students can use their phones in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the law’s lack of specific enforcement measures could lead to racial disparities in how the policies — or penalties — are applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy for states to require districts to have policies, but they’re really offloading the job to school districts, and then obviously to schools to enforce those policies,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indiana Rep. Julie McGuire, a Republican and one of the sponsors of the bill in the legislature, said some teachers now don’t have the power to confiscate phones even when they create a distraction. She said the new law will reduce problematic behavior around social media and teach students to replace screen time with more face-to-face communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we cannot control the amount of time students spend on social media outside school hours, we can provide reprieve during the seven hours per day that should be focused on learning,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Matt Pierce opposed the bill, questioning the need for mandating what he said should be obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the policy perspective, it makes sense,” he said. “The other part of me is like, really? We need a bill so a school corporation can have a common-sense policy telling its kids not to use these devices? I was going to vote against this bill just because I don’t think it’s needed, but now I’ve got somebody telling me that you’ve got a school somewhere that’s telling some teacher they can’t just take the darn phone away. I don’t get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was signed by Indiana’s Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb in early March. and the law takes effect July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some districts, like Indianapolis Public Schools, will not be largely affected by the new law because they already have similar policies in place. Other districts vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Westfield Washington School District, communications director Joshua Andrews said high school students there can only have their phones at lunch and between classes. However, middle school students cannot use their phones at all during the school day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you change something that big, it kind of makes people recoil a little bit. But, there’s been little to no problems with it since we’ve rolled it out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts are still in the process of developing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Terhune, superintendent at Greenwood Community School Corp., said students at his schools generally aren’t supposed to have their phones out during class unless they have a teacher’s permission. However, the rules vary by grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my goals is to try to meet with some of our neighboring school districts and see kind of where everybody lands on that,” he said. “Within our county, Johnson County, I would like to try to be consistent with other districts. But again, everybody’s going to have their own opinion on those things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kirsten Adair covers education for Indiana Public Broadcasting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 IPB News. To see more, visit \u003ca>IPB News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Indiana+lawmakers+ban+cellphones+in+class.+Now+it%27s+up+to+schools+to+figure+out+how&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63470/indiana-lawmakers-ban-cellphones-in-class-now-its-up-to-schools-to-figure-out-how","authors":["byline_mindshift_63470"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_195","mindshift_21579"],"tags":["mindshift_685","mindshift_866","mindshift_20816","mindshift_30","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_63471","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63441":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63441","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63441","score":null,"sort":[1712019657000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time","title":"10 Hacks to Boost Teens' Executive Function Skills and Manage Screen Time","publishDate":1712019657,"format":"standard","headTitle":"10 Hacks to Boost Teens’ Executive Function Skills and Manage Screen Time | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teens’ focus is interrupted, on average, every 90 seconds. Something as simple as an audible notification can draw focus away from a task. And when humans are distracted, it takes 23 minutes to get back to that previous level of focus. In schools, that means that in a 55-minute class period, multiple distractions across the classroom create an almost impossible task of staying on topic and focused. “When you toggle between two things, you lose cognitive energy and it takes a lot longer to get into deep focus,” said school psychologist \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@thrivingstudents\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rebecca Branstetter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Teens “don’t realize that multitasking is neurologically impossible.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter recently spoke at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/conference-514/teaching-engaged-brains/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference in San Francisco, where she cited the above statistics from the book \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stolenfocusbook.com/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stolen Focus\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Johann Hari. When Branstetter asked about challenges with screens in the classroom, the audience of teachers shouted out familiar student behaviors, including: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">playing games during a lesson,\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">denying their phone was out when it was visible and\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">showing up tired from scrolling all night long.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These distractions aren’t only frustrating for educators, research shows they reduce cognitive efficiency. Because social media is designed to keep users engaged for long periods of time, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/48315/why-executive-function-skills-take-so-long-to-fully-develop\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">kids and teens are still learning executive function skills\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it’s important for parents and teachers to set boundaries and serve as tech mentors, she said. “Willpower alone is not enough. You have to require that environment to set the stage for how to help kids prioritize and focus.” In her talk and a follow-up interview with MindShift, Branstetter offered 10 tips and hacks to help boost teen’s executive function skills and manage screen time. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>1. See tech as a tool\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Technology is like a hammer, said Branstetter. “It’s a tool, and you can use it to create beautiful things and you can create to destroy things. It depends on how you use it.” Adults can help to empower kids to see tech as a tool by encouraging them to find an app or tech tool that will address a specific challenge they are facing. If a teen is dealing with anxiety, for example, they can test out a few meditation apps and report back to the adult.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter also pointed out that there are apps that block the most searched websites on a device for a period of time, which can be useful for a student having a hard time focusing on tasks for extended periods of time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>2. Coach through task initiation\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Task initiation is one of the big \u003ca href=\"https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/what-is-executive-function-and-how-does-it-relate-to-child-development/\">executive function skills\u003c/a> that are interrupted by technology and cell phone use, according to Branstetter. Adults might assume that stopping a previous task is an obvious precursor to initiating a new task, but kids and teens might need more explicit instruction to develop that sequencing habit. This can look like asking students what needs to be done in order to start a specific task. Students might suggest that phones need to go away and that they need to pull out necessary materials to perform the new task at hand. According to Branstetter, this is an important practice in self-awareness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>3. Probe for the feelings behind phone distractions\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Impulse control is another executive function skill that teens are developing. If a student is having trouble refraining from looking at their phone when initiating a new task, it can help to encourage quick mindful reflection. An adult can ask a teen, “What is it that’s making you go on your phone?” and suggest some feelings like anxiety or boredom that they might identify with. Then the adult and teen can create a quick plan for stopping phone use at that moment and refocusing on the more immediate task.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>4. Try the scrunchie trick or airplane mode\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Putting a scrunchie over the front camera prevents smartphone facial recognition from effortlessly unlocking aphone. Branstetter recommended guiding teens to use that moment when the phone doesn’t unlock for a mental check-in: “Why am I checking this? How do I feel?” If the scrunchie method doesn’t work, Branstetter suggested teaching teens to use airplane mode during a time when phone distractions are unwelcome.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>5. Take advantage of A.I.\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are also some useful A.I. tools for teens who might struggle with task breakdown and completion. Branstetter recommended \u003ca href=\"https://goblin.tools/About\">Goblin Tools\u003c/a>, which takes a prompt like “I have to write a five-page paper on Mesopotamia,” and creates a checklist with the steps that a student might need to do to complete the assignment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>6. Use a focus timer\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/51765/procrastinating-still-how-a-tomato-timer-can-help-you-stop-putting-things-off\">Pomodoro technique\u003c/a>, which uses 25-minute bursts of focused time with breaks in between, has been a useful tool for the teens that Branstetter works with. She also recommended \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestapp.cc/\">Forest\u003c/a>, which can be downloaded as a smartphone app or used as a Chrome extension. Forest helps users track their focus time with a visual reminder of focus as a tree slowly grows on the screen, as well as real-world incentive. When a user completes a certain amount of focus time, without distraction, a real tree is planted through Forest app’s partner, Trees For The Future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>7. Create a tech contract\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/featured-content/files/common_sense_family_media_agreement.pdf\">Tech agreements\u003c/a> or contracts, allow teachers or parents to \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/heres-real-proof-that-a-cellphone-contract-works\">collaborate with young people on expectations\u003c/a> for technology. One aspect of a tech agreement can be determining where the technology “hot spots” and “cold spots” are in the classroom or home. By predetermining where technology is expected to be used or not to be used, students have a better chance at applying their learned executive functioning and anticipatory thinking skills. Tech agreements can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/our-sons-behavior-improved-with-a-tech-agreement\">revisited and adjusted\u003c/a> as often as needed, said Branstetter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>8. Keep a technology diary\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another exercise that parents and teachers might find useful when it comes to making teens aware of their own habits, is to have them create a log of their daily activities, said Branstetter. For example, students can write a timeline of their day and determine how much time is spent outside, doing physical activity, socializing, having fun, focusing, and downtime without technology. By having kids take the time to reflect on their own data and see how much time is spent during their day doing certain activities, the unbalanced moments become very apparent, said Branstetter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>9. Encourage future thinking\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future planning is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50947/how-reverse-planning-for-goals-can-help-students-succeed-in-school\">also a learned executive function skill\u003c/a>. “Because motivation is the ability to see a positive emotion of the future … we need to help kids do a future sketch,” said Branstetter. Helping students visualize what it might look like and feel like in the future to complete a task will help them with anticipatory thinking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter likes doing a future sketch that she calls a “movie in your mind.” For example, if a teacher notices a student on their phone when they should be completing a math task, they might say something like this: “Here’s the movie that is playing in my mind right now. You have your phone out and there’s a no-phone policy, so I’m supposed to take it from you, and that’s how the movie ends, with me taking it.” The teacher then prompts the student to narrate how an episode might play out if they finish their math task versus if they don’t finish their math task. The teacher can then simply ask, “which one feels better to you?” leaving the anticipatory thinking to the student.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>10. Reinforce positive behaviors\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter has also seen success in positive reinforcement from adults when it’s specific and sincere. She said praise is best paired with corrective feedback in a 5:1 ratio. But with teenagers, praise is not often received as well if it’s made publicly, so try to offer both praise and corrective feedback in quieter, more private settings. When it comes to regulating screen time in the classroom, praise can be as simple as saying to a student, “I haven’t seen you with your phone all day in my class,” Branstetter suggested in her conference session.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Teens’ focus is interrupted, on average, every 90 seconds. A school psychologist offers tips to help them manage distractions, including their phones, in school.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712270559,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":1400},"headData":{"title":"10 Hacks to Boost Teens' Executive Function Skills and Manage Screen Time | KQED","description":"Teens’ focus is interrupted, on average, every 90 seconds. A school psychologist offers tips to help them manage distractions, including their phones.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Teens’ focus is interrupted, on average, every 90 seconds. A school psychologist offers tips to help them manage distractions, including their phones.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"10 Hacks to Boost Teens' Executive Function Skills and Manage Screen Time","datePublished":"2024-04-02T01:00:57.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-04T22:42:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63441/10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teens’ focus is interrupted, on average, every 90 seconds. Something as simple as an audible notification can draw focus away from a task. And when humans are distracted, it takes 23 minutes to get back to that previous level of focus. In schools, that means that in a 55-minute class period, multiple distractions across the classroom create an almost impossible task of staying on topic and focused. “When you toggle between two things, you lose cognitive energy and it takes a lot longer to get into deep focus,” said school psychologist \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@thrivingstudents\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rebecca Branstetter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Teens “don’t realize that multitasking is neurologically impossible.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter recently spoke at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/conference-514/teaching-engaged-brains/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learning and The Brain: Teaching Engaged Brains\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference in San Francisco, where she cited the above statistics from the book \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stolenfocusbook.com/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stolen Focus\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Johann Hari. When Branstetter asked about challenges with screens in the classroom, the audience of teachers shouted out familiar student behaviors, including: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">playing games during a lesson,\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">denying their phone was out when it was visible and\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">showing up tired from scrolling all night long.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These distractions aren’t only frustrating for educators, research shows they reduce cognitive efficiency. Because social media is designed to keep users engaged for long periods of time, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/48315/why-executive-function-skills-take-so-long-to-fully-develop\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">kids and teens are still learning executive function skills\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it’s important for parents and teachers to set boundaries and serve as tech mentors, she said. “Willpower alone is not enough. You have to require that environment to set the stage for how to help kids prioritize and focus.” In her talk and a follow-up interview with MindShift, Branstetter offered 10 tips and hacks to help boost teen’s executive function skills and manage screen time. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>1. See tech as a tool\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Technology is like a hammer, said Branstetter. “It’s a tool, and you can use it to create beautiful things and you can create to destroy things. It depends on how you use it.” Adults can help to empower kids to see tech as a tool by encouraging them to find an app or tech tool that will address a specific challenge they are facing. If a teen is dealing with anxiety, for example, they can test out a few meditation apps and report back to the adult.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter also pointed out that there are apps that block the most searched websites on a device for a period of time, which can be useful for a student having a hard time focusing on tasks for extended periods of time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>2. Coach through task initiation\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Task initiation is one of the big \u003ca href=\"https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/what-is-executive-function-and-how-does-it-relate-to-child-development/\">executive function skills\u003c/a> that are interrupted by technology and cell phone use, according to Branstetter. Adults might assume that stopping a previous task is an obvious precursor to initiating a new task, but kids and teens might need more explicit instruction to develop that sequencing habit. This can look like asking students what needs to be done in order to start a specific task. Students might suggest that phones need to go away and that they need to pull out necessary materials to perform the new task at hand. According to Branstetter, this is an important practice in self-awareness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>3. Probe for the feelings behind phone distractions\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Impulse control is another executive function skill that teens are developing. If a student is having trouble refraining from looking at their phone when initiating a new task, it can help to encourage quick mindful reflection. An adult can ask a teen, “What is it that’s making you go on your phone?” and suggest some feelings like anxiety or boredom that they might identify with. Then the adult and teen can create a quick plan for stopping phone use at that moment and refocusing on the more immediate task.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>4. Try the scrunchie trick or airplane mode\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Putting a scrunchie over the front camera prevents smartphone facial recognition from effortlessly unlocking aphone. Branstetter recommended guiding teens to use that moment when the phone doesn’t unlock for a mental check-in: “Why am I checking this? How do I feel?” If the scrunchie method doesn’t work, Branstetter suggested teaching teens to use airplane mode during a time when phone distractions are unwelcome.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>5. Take advantage of A.I.\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are also some useful A.I. tools for teens who might struggle with task breakdown and completion. Branstetter recommended \u003ca href=\"https://goblin.tools/About\">Goblin Tools\u003c/a>, which takes a prompt like “I have to write a five-page paper on Mesopotamia,” and creates a checklist with the steps that a student might need to do to complete the assignment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>6. Use a focus timer\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/51765/procrastinating-still-how-a-tomato-timer-can-help-you-stop-putting-things-off\">Pomodoro technique\u003c/a>, which uses 25-minute bursts of focused time with breaks in between, has been a useful tool for the teens that Branstetter works with. She also recommended \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestapp.cc/\">Forest\u003c/a>, which can be downloaded as a smartphone app or used as a Chrome extension. Forest helps users track their focus time with a visual reminder of focus as a tree slowly grows on the screen, as well as real-world incentive. When a user completes a certain amount of focus time, without distraction, a real tree is planted through Forest app’s partner, Trees For The Future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>7. Create a tech contract\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/featured-content/files/common_sense_family_media_agreement.pdf\">Tech agreements\u003c/a> or contracts, allow teachers or parents to \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/heres-real-proof-that-a-cellphone-contract-works\">collaborate with young people on expectations\u003c/a> for technology. One aspect of a tech agreement can be determining where the technology “hot spots” and “cold spots” are in the classroom or home. By predetermining where technology is expected to be used or not to be used, students have a better chance at applying their learned executive functioning and anticipatory thinking skills. Tech agreements can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/our-sons-behavior-improved-with-a-tech-agreement\">revisited and adjusted\u003c/a> as often as needed, said Branstetter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>8. Keep a technology diary\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another exercise that parents and teachers might find useful when it comes to making teens aware of their own habits, is to have them create a log of their daily activities, said Branstetter. For example, students can write a timeline of their day and determine how much time is spent outside, doing physical activity, socializing, having fun, focusing, and downtime without technology. By having kids take the time to reflect on their own data and see how much time is spent during their day doing certain activities, the unbalanced moments become very apparent, said Branstetter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>9. Encourage future thinking\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future planning is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50947/how-reverse-planning-for-goals-can-help-students-succeed-in-school\">also a learned executive function skill\u003c/a>. “Because motivation is the ability to see a positive emotion of the future … we need to help kids do a future sketch,” said Branstetter. Helping students visualize what it might look like and feel like in the future to complete a task will help them with anticipatory thinking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter likes doing a future sketch that she calls a “movie in your mind.” For example, if a teacher notices a student on their phone when they should be completing a math task, they might say something like this: “Here’s the movie that is playing in my mind right now. You have your phone out and there’s a no-phone policy, so I’m supposed to take it from you, and that’s how the movie ends, with me taking it.” The teacher then prompts the student to narrate how an episode might play out if they finish their math task versus if they don’t finish their math task. The teacher can then simply ask, “which one feels better to you?” leaving the anticipatory thinking to the student.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>10. Reinforce positive behaviors\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Branstetter has also seen success in positive reinforcement from adults when it’s specific and sincere. She said praise is best paired with corrective feedback in a 5:1 ratio. But with teenagers, praise is not often received as well if it’s made publicly, so try to offer both praise and corrective feedback in quieter, more private settings. When it comes to regulating screen time in the classroom, praise can be as simple as saying to a student, “I haven’t seen you with your phone all day in my class,” Branstetter suggested in her conference session.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63441/10-hacks-to-boost-teens-executive-function-skills-and-manage-screen-time","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_195","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_1023","mindshift_866","mindshift_20955","mindshift_20816","mindshift_30","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_63443","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62233":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62233","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62233","score":null,"sort":[1693908018000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost","title":"How to Help Your kids Navigate Social Media Without Getting Lost","publishDate":1693908018,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How to Help Your kids Navigate Social Media Without Getting Lost | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Six years ago, Harvard \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/opinion/how-to-keep-your-college-admission-offer-start-with-digital-literacy.html?searchResultPosition=1\">withdrew admissions offers\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from 10 high school seniors it had previously accepted. School officials had gotten wind of jokes circulating on the students’ private Facebook group — memes that made light of school shootings and found hilarity in the Holocaust, among other repellant takes — and reversed course. After the George Floyd murder in 2020, more young people who had posted racist or apparently bigoted posts in their youth faced similar punishment when sleuths unearthed and shared their online offenses. A prominent \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/02/us/racism-social-media-college-admissions.html?searchResultPosition=1\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York Times\u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">spread the word to ambitious kids and anxious parents: be careful what you say online, because it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58688/you-can-now-ask-google-to-scrub-images-of-minors-from-its-search-results\">never goes away\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Author and media/technology guru \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DevorahHeitner\">Devorah Heitner\u003c/a> heard all about it. Panicked parents approached her and asked, how can I keep my kid from going viral for all the wrong reasons? Heitner’s latest \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">book\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/690819/growing-up-in-public-by-devorah-heitner-phd/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growing Up In Public: Coming of Age in a Digital World\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, addresses these and other concerns related to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61654/what-happens-when-one-twin-scorns-social-media-and-the-other-embraces-it\">kids’ use and misuse of social media\u003c/a>, as well as the subversive impact of surveillance culture. Heitner wants to help young people and their parents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61671/teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them\">better navigate the digital universe\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But first, let’s be clear about the likely downstream impact of foolish or cruel social media posts on college admissions. Most applicants needn’t agonize about an old SnapChat shot or Facebook message derailing their college dreams; admissions officers barely have the time to review the applications on their desks, let alone comb through ancient Instagram posts. What’s more important is that kids don’t get the message from the grown-ups in their lives that what matters is not getting caught. “I’d worry much more about kids who think genocide is funny than that they didn’t get into Harvard,” Heitner told me. Better to think about children’s character — what kind of teammate or classmate or citizen they are — than on the consequences of a callous post.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What parents \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">should\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> be worried about, or at least attentive to, are subterranean violations of privacy: social media companies scooping up seemingly innocuous data, filtering it through their algorithms, and turning it back on kids to drive consumption. Parents also need to pay attention to creepy sexual harassment on Instagram, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">become routine for girls\u003c/a>. Though common, few kids will tell their parents.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heitner’s advice to parents is grounded in mentorship and communication. “We want our kids to make good decisions, even when we are not right there,” she writes. “Mentoring is better than monitoring if we want to set our kids up for success.” She offers these and other suggestions to parents looking for guidance: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Heal thyself\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Grown-ups are famous for tut-tutting about kids these days, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60436/when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family\">many of us are guilty of the very behavior we bemoan\u003c/a>: cocooning with our phones at all hours, lamenting the failure of our thousands of friends to like a brilliant post, and sharing personal information haphazardly online. To encourage prudent phone and social media use with kids, adults need to adopt it themselves. As a practical matter, that means detaching regularly from electronic devices and downplaying the impact of likes and follows. It also requires parents to be cautious about “sharenting” — displaying triumphant photos of our kids online.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Minimize surveillance.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Some kids report being fine with their parents tracking their every move, monitoring their grades and reviewing their texts. But kids acquiescing to their parents’ obsessive worry doesn’t make it wise or right. Keeping a constant eye on kids’ whereabouts generates suspicion and signals an essential mistrust in the child; they can’t be counted on to handle their own assignments, or travel from school to the library without getting lost. Growing up means figuring out how to manage oneself and carry out responsibilities. Better to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60624/young-adults-are-struggling-with-their-mental-health-is-more-childhood-independence-the-answer\">mentor kids in developing agency\u003c/a> than snooping and spying, which only allows for “catching” kids after the fact.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Talk about social media.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Immersed in flawless worlds where everyone is celebrating fabulous events that don’t include you, normal kids can easily feel like losers. To offset the enervating effect of Instagram and TikTok, parents need to communicate with their children about…reality. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61126/how-to-help-young-people-limit-screen-time-and-improve-their-body-image\">Remind them that social media imagery is curated\u003c/a>. Invite them to assess their feelings when perusing these apps, so they learn how to understand and manage their emotions. Encourage actual activities with friends. Remind them to read posts before “liking” them. “Others’ social media is a performance,” Heitner said. And if kids do something dumb or foolish online to elicit a reaction, resist the temptation to yank their phones away; doing so will drive them to keep secrets. Instead, use the episode as an opportunity to address why posting certain pictures or liking edgy takes can backfire and give others the wrong impression of what kind of person you are.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Guide them on how to share personal information.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “There’s no opting out of mentoring our kids on technology,” Heitner said. Help them to be thoughtful about what they share, rather than impulsive. Encourage them to pause before posting something sensitive, and to challenge their own reasoning; if it’s to accumulate likes, that’s probably a bad reason. Advise them that if their post is deeply personal, they would be wise to keep it within a trusted group — friends who have demonstrated they can handle others’ personal disclosures. Though they might resist, kids intent on sharing intimate stories can be encouraged to tell their trusted friends in person rather than through Instagram. And unless the child is floundering, don’t snoop. No good can come of it.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Talk about sexting. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Regrettable it may be, but most middle school children know about explicit imagery popping up on their phones. Heitner encourages parents to talk with their children about never forwarding explicit pictures, regardless of the source. Explain how doing so \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62011/teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help\">breaches another’s privacy and transgresses ethics\u003c/a> — while also violating the law in some states. A parent might invite an exchange the next time a celebrity’s private photos are disseminated against her will. “It’s not an optional conversation,” Heitner told me.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Help them through the worst. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite a parent’s best efforts, some kids do get caught up in social media scandals. There’s a way to handle this, Heitner says. First, let them know you understand their feelings of shame, humiliation or anger. Protect them from physical danger if such a risk exists. Then, invite them to reflect on and interrogate their own actions in the episode. And always set a good example: if other children are publicly shamed, don’t reshare and pile on. It’s during such dreadful periods that a family custom of open communication becomes most valuable. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"To help kids avoid the hazards of social media, parents should focus on mentoring over monitoring, says Devorah Heitner, author of \"Growing Up In Public: Coming of Age in a Digital World.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713291402,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":1182},"headData":{"title":"How to Help Your kids Navigate Social Media Without Getting Lost | KQED","description":"To help kids avoid the hazards of growing up in a digital world, parents should focus on mentoring over monitoring, says author Devorah Heitner.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"To help kids avoid the hazards of growing up in a digital world, parents should focus on mentoring over monitoring, says author Devorah Heitner.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to Help Your kids Navigate Social Media Without Getting Lost","datePublished":"2023-09-05T10:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-16T18:16:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Six years ago, Harvard \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/opinion/how-to-keep-your-college-admission-offer-start-with-digital-literacy.html?searchResultPosition=1\">withdrew admissions offers\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from 10 high school seniors it had previously accepted. School officials had gotten wind of jokes circulating on the students’ private Facebook group — memes that made light of school shootings and found hilarity in the Holocaust, among other repellant takes — and reversed course. After the George Floyd murder in 2020, more young people who had posted racist or apparently bigoted posts in their youth faced similar punishment when sleuths unearthed and shared their online offenses. A prominent \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/02/us/racism-social-media-college-admissions.html?searchResultPosition=1\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York Times\u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">spread the word to ambitious kids and anxious parents: be careful what you say online, because it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58688/you-can-now-ask-google-to-scrub-images-of-minors-from-its-search-results\">never goes away\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Author and media/technology guru \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DevorahHeitner\">Devorah Heitner\u003c/a> heard all about it. Panicked parents approached her and asked, how can I keep my kid from going viral for all the wrong reasons? Heitner’s latest \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">book\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/690819/growing-up-in-public-by-devorah-heitner-phd/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growing Up In Public: Coming of Age in a Digital World\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, addresses these and other concerns related to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61654/what-happens-when-one-twin-scorns-social-media-and-the-other-embraces-it\">kids’ use and misuse of social media\u003c/a>, as well as the subversive impact of surveillance culture. Heitner wants to help young people and their parents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61671/teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them\">better navigate the digital universe\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But first, let’s be clear about the likely downstream impact of foolish or cruel social media posts on college admissions. Most applicants needn’t agonize about an old SnapChat shot or Facebook message derailing their college dreams; admissions officers barely have the time to review the applications on their desks, let alone comb through ancient Instagram posts. What’s more important is that kids don’t get the message from the grown-ups in their lives that what matters is not getting caught. “I’d worry much more about kids who think genocide is funny than that they didn’t get into Harvard,” Heitner told me. Better to think about children’s character — what kind of teammate or classmate or citizen they are — than on the consequences of a callous post.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What parents \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">should\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> be worried about, or at least attentive to, are subterranean violations of privacy: social media companies scooping up seemingly innocuous data, filtering it through their algorithms, and turning it back on kids to drive consumption. Parents also need to pay attention to creepy sexual harassment on Instagram, which has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first\">become routine for girls\u003c/a>. Though common, few kids will tell their parents.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heitner’s advice to parents is grounded in mentorship and communication. “We want our kids to make good decisions, even when we are not right there,” she writes. “Mentoring is better than monitoring if we want to set our kids up for success.” She offers these and other suggestions to parents looking for guidance: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Heal thyself\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Grown-ups are famous for tut-tutting about kids these days, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60436/when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family\">many of us are guilty of the very behavior we bemoan\u003c/a>: cocooning with our phones at all hours, lamenting the failure of our thousands of friends to like a brilliant post, and sharing personal information haphazardly online. To encourage prudent phone and social media use with kids, adults need to adopt it themselves. As a practical matter, that means detaching regularly from electronic devices and downplaying the impact of likes and follows. It also requires parents to be cautious about “sharenting” — displaying triumphant photos of our kids online.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Minimize surveillance.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Some kids report being fine with their parents tracking their every move, monitoring their grades and reviewing their texts. But kids acquiescing to their parents’ obsessive worry doesn’t make it wise or right. Keeping a constant eye on kids’ whereabouts generates suspicion and signals an essential mistrust in the child; they can’t be counted on to handle their own assignments, or travel from school to the library without getting lost. Growing up means figuring out how to manage oneself and carry out responsibilities. Better to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60624/young-adults-are-struggling-with-their-mental-health-is-more-childhood-independence-the-answer\">mentor kids in developing agency\u003c/a> than snooping and spying, which only allows for “catching” kids after the fact.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Talk about social media.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Immersed in flawless worlds where everyone is celebrating fabulous events that don’t include you, normal kids can easily feel like losers. To offset the enervating effect of Instagram and TikTok, parents need to communicate with their children about…reality. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61126/how-to-help-young-people-limit-screen-time-and-improve-their-body-image\">Remind them that social media imagery is curated\u003c/a>. Invite them to assess their feelings when perusing these apps, so they learn how to understand and manage their emotions. Encourage actual activities with friends. Remind them to read posts before “liking” them. “Others’ social media is a performance,” Heitner said. And if kids do something dumb or foolish online to elicit a reaction, resist the temptation to yank their phones away; doing so will drive them to keep secrets. Instead, use the episode as an opportunity to address why posting certain pictures or liking edgy takes can backfire and give others the wrong impression of what kind of person you are.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Guide them on how to share personal information.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “There’s no opting out of mentoring our kids on technology,” Heitner said. Help them to be thoughtful about what they share, rather than impulsive. Encourage them to pause before posting something sensitive, and to challenge their own reasoning; if it’s to accumulate likes, that’s probably a bad reason. Advise them that if their post is deeply personal, they would be wise to keep it within a trusted group — friends who have demonstrated they can handle others’ personal disclosures. Though they might resist, kids intent on sharing intimate stories can be encouraged to tell their trusted friends in person rather than through Instagram. And unless the child is floundering, don’t snoop. No good can come of it.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Talk about sexting. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Regrettable it may be, but most middle school children know about explicit imagery popping up on their phones. Heitner encourages parents to talk with their children about never forwarding explicit pictures, regardless of the source. Explain how doing so \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62011/teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help\">breaches another’s privacy and transgresses ethics\u003c/a> — while also violating the law in some states. A parent might invite an exchange the next time a celebrity’s private photos are disseminated against her will. “It’s not an optional conversation,” Heitner told me.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Help them through the worst. \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite a parent’s best efforts, some kids do get caught up in social media scandals. There’s a way to handle this, Heitner says. First, let them know you understand their feelings of shame, humiliation or anger. Protect them from physical danger if such a risk exists. Then, invite them to reflect on and interrogate their own actions in the episode. And always set a good example: if other children are publicly shamed, don’t reshare and pile on. It’s during such dreadful periods that a family custom of open communication becomes most valuable. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost","authors":["4613"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_21632","mindshift_21507","mindshift_21530","mindshift_21038","mindshift_20816","mindshift_30","mindshift_21531"],"featImg":"mindshift_62340","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62011":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62011","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62011","score":null,"sort":[1689674445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help","title":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help.","publishDate":1689674445,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help. | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":21847,"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Only yes means yes, take nothing more and nothing less.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your body, your choice, consent gives everyone a voice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhymes like these are often used to teach and reinforce the essential definition of consent: that all parties need to fully agree to take part in an activity or behavior. While they’re catchy and memorable — a consent-related song and dance even became \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W4oKiEQph0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a popular TikTok trend\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — these kinds of phrases don’t cover the full extent of what’s needed for kids to understand consent in today’s world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication. And kids want to learn these skills. Harvard Graduate School of Education’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making Caring Common\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (MCC) surveyed over 3,000 young adults and high school students and found that young adults want more guidance about developing caring, long-lasting relationships. “We do almost nothing to prepare young people for the subtle, tender, generous, focused, disciplined, tough, wonderful work of learning how to love somebody else and learning how to be loved,” said Richard Weissbourd, the director of MCC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, consent education sometimes faces resistance from parents and community members who worry that the topics covered are too mature. As a result, implementing consent education programs in schools can be a challenge. In Utah, for example, when state representative Carol Spackman Moss – a former English teacher – \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/02/20/second-try-bill-updating/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">proposed a bill to mandate consent education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, opposing groups claimed the legislation promoted sexual activity. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/03/08/i-was-just-stunned-bill/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bill failed.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When politicians and activists focus on the “sex” part of consent, they forget that consent can be applied to many non-sexual situations, said health educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54805/how-parents-can-talk-with-their-teens-about-sex-and-consent\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shafia Zaloom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Kids are navigating complex social landscapes every day, and their brains are primed to seek social acceptance. When young people say “no” to things like vaping or cheating, they’re saying no to the social power and the meaning that that person has in their relationships, according to Zaloom. That’s hard to do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zaloom teaches health education and consent workshops at schools and nonprofit organizations. Learning to express and respect boundaries are central to her curriculum. In a class she teaches at Urban High School in San Francisco, Zaloom emphasizes that consent is not only about getting a yes or no. The goal is to make sure people leave an experience or relationship feeling respected. “That simply means that both people feel like they were treated like they have value,” she said. Through this work, she has seen that by teaching students about consent, schools can create a lasting culture of empathy and inclusion that benefits the whole community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Some schools are rethinking sex ed with lessons on consent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/9lh4XkuG_1A?start=1&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>From space bubbles to role playing \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Zaloom defines consent with her students, she uses concepts that are suited to their developmental stage. Generally, she said, consent can be boiled down to the idea that your body belongs to you. “You get to choose how you touch and how you get touched,” said Zaloom. When she’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59875/the-case-for-starting-sex-ed-in-kindergarten-hula-hoops-recommended\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teaching young kids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Zaloom prompts them to think about their space bubbles so little ones can easily conceptualize how they interact with each other. Zaloom is sometimes asked to speak at schools where a young child has been hugging and kissing classmates on the playground without their consent. Adults in the school typically respond to the child by saying “no means no” with regard to touching other kids. While well-intended, Zaloom said this response teaches kids that the responsibility is on the recipient to object to something like a hug or a kiss. It’s more helpful, she said, to teach that people must actively seek consent before initiating such actions. And that a “yes” in one moment doesn’t mean “yes” always. “It’s an opportunity then to engage with kids around the reasons for consent and why they’re so important,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With older students, consent definitions are less concrete because consent can be applied to so many different situations. It comes into play when a student needs to borrow a calculator from a peer or when they are asking one another to be their date to prom. Older students are more interested in what consent looks like in action, said Zaloom, who finds that many teens already know the definition of consent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her classes, Zaloom has students role play scenarios that may come up in relationships. For instance, twenty-three year old Alyssa Romo, a graduate from Urban High School,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> participated in a role play where a classmate said “I love you” when she wasn’t ready to reciprocate those feelings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s something I still struggle with,” Romo said. “I remember thinking, ‘Oh, like it’s okay to not say [you’re in love] if you don’t want to.’” By actively participating in these scenarios, students develop skills for navigating complex emotional situations in relationships. Role playing allows students to explore different perspectives, learn effective ways to express their feelings and boundaries, and practice active listening and empathy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s really important to meet kids where they are and to find things that translate all of this language and expectation into things that don’t feel so big and overwhelming,” said Zaloom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6515570052&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More than a “moment of legal responsibility” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex education is often the closest schools get to teaching about love and relationships, but sex and health education programs can fall short when they only focus on STD and pregnancy prevention. According to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2022-Sex-Ed-State-Law-and-Policy-Chart.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex Ed for Social Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 16 states provide abstinence-only sex education. “It’s not about how to have an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50518/how-to-teach-teens-about-love-consent-and-emotional-intelligence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ethical, intimate relationship or sexual relationship \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with somebody else,” said MCC’s Weissbourd. While some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882098/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">studies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlight the effectiveness of abstinence-based education, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30260-4/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that abstinence-only programs do not reduce teen pregnancies or STD rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s so much more to think about, to take into consideration, to be attuned to, if we’re really talking about promoting healthy sexuality and relationships that are grounded in mutual respect, empathy, care and dignity,” said Zaloom. She teaches students about laws pertaining to sex and consent, but also encourages students to think of consent as a “vibe”, rather than a moment of legal responsibility, meaning that consent isn’t about just checking a box and moving on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, she talks to students about ethical sexuality, which takes into account a person’s wellbeing. So whether it’s a casual relationship or something they’ve been building up to for a long time, both people involved should be consenting and aligned. Zaloom prompts students to think about what good sex means to them. “Because you can have a consensual sexual experience that is boring. That’s embarrassing. That’s disappointing. And not that that isn’t a part of life. It certainly is. But we want to aspire to something a little more than that,” said Zaloom. “So there’s legal, there’s ethical, and then there’s what’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Moving beyond popular culture messages\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCC’s survey of teens and young adults indicates that if children do not receive education about love and relationships from their parents or schools, they are likely to seek information from popular culture, including movies and social media. While popular culture representations are not inherently negative, unchecked models of unhealthy relationships can influence young people’s perceptions. “In that way, images of the media are more damaging and dangerous than images of violence in the media,” said Weissbourd. Misconceptions can result in young people staying in unhealthy relationships, alcoholism, or domestic abuse, according to MCC’s survey. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To counteract the negative influence of popular entertainment, Zaloom assigns romantic comedies for students to watch and facilitates whole-class discussions about them. During these discussions, students identify and analyze both healthy and unhealthy relationship practices portrayed by the main characters. Romo, Zaloom’s former student, remembered watching the movie “Friends with Benefits,” and identifying the characters’ healthy relationship practices. “Like setting expectations for the relationship or boundaries or telling each other what they wanted,” said Romo. “It’s a silly movie, but that’s kind of a big deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When done well, consent education can help young people to navigate relationships, establish boundaries, and build meaningful connections. Romo, who is recently single after ending a five-year-long relationship, said she’s insistent on how people treat her because of what she learned in Zaloom’s class. “We had a lot of conversations about setting boundaries and being conscious of what you want out of a relationship and a partner and the people in your life,” said Romo. “That really stuck with me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this post misspelled Shafia Zaloom’s last name. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1700528838,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1572},"headData":{"title":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help. | KQED","description":"The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Teens want to know how to have better relationships. Consent education can help.","datePublished":"2023-07-18T10:00:45.000Z","dateModified":"2023-11-21T01:07:18.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6515570052.mp3?updated=1689638191","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62011/teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Only yes means yes, take nothing more and nothing less.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your body, your choice, consent gives everyone a voice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhymes like these are often used to teach and reinforce the essential definition of consent: that all parties need to fully agree to take part in an activity or behavior. While they’re catchy and memorable — a consent-related song and dance even became \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W4oKiEQph0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a popular TikTok trend\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — these kinds of phrases don’t cover the full extent of what’s needed for kids to understand consent in today’s world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication. And kids want to learn these skills. Harvard Graduate School of Education’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making Caring Common\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (MCC) surveyed over 3,000 young adults and high school students and found that young adults want more guidance about developing caring, long-lasting relationships. “We do almost nothing to prepare young people for the subtle, tender, generous, focused, disciplined, tough, wonderful work of learning how to love somebody else and learning how to be loved,” said Richard Weissbourd, the director of MCC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, consent education sometimes faces resistance from parents and community members who worry that the topics covered are too mature. As a result, implementing consent education programs in schools can be a challenge. In Utah, for example, when state representative Carol Spackman Moss – a former English teacher – \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/02/20/second-try-bill-updating/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">proposed a bill to mandate consent education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, opposing groups claimed the legislation promoted sexual activity. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/03/08/i-was-just-stunned-bill/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bill failed.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When politicians and activists focus on the “sex” part of consent, they forget that consent can be applied to many non-sexual situations, said health educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54805/how-parents-can-talk-with-their-teens-about-sex-and-consent\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shafia Zaloom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Kids are navigating complex social landscapes every day, and their brains are primed to seek social acceptance. When young people say “no” to things like vaping or cheating, they’re saying no to the social power and the meaning that that person has in their relationships, according to Zaloom. That’s hard to do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zaloom teaches health education and consent workshops at schools and nonprofit organizations. Learning to express and respect boundaries are central to her curriculum. In a class she teaches at Urban High School in San Francisco, Zaloom emphasizes that consent is not only about getting a yes or no. The goal is to make sure people leave an experience or relationship feeling respected. “That simply means that both people feel like they were treated like they have value,” she said. Through this work, she has seen that by teaching students about consent, schools can create a lasting culture of empathy and inclusion that benefits the whole community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Some schools are rethinking sex ed with lessons on consent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/9lh4XkuG_1A?start=1&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>From space bubbles to role playing \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Zaloom defines consent with her students, she uses concepts that are suited to their developmental stage. Generally, she said, consent can be boiled down to the idea that your body belongs to you. “You get to choose how you touch and how you get touched,” said Zaloom. When she’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59875/the-case-for-starting-sex-ed-in-kindergarten-hula-hoops-recommended\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teaching young kids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Zaloom prompts them to think about their space bubbles so little ones can easily conceptualize how they interact with each other. Zaloom is sometimes asked to speak at schools where a young child has been hugging and kissing classmates on the playground without their consent. Adults in the school typically respond to the child by saying “no means no” with regard to touching other kids. While well-intended, Zaloom said this response teaches kids that the responsibility is on the recipient to object to something like a hug or a kiss. It’s more helpful, she said, to teach that people must actively seek consent before initiating such actions. And that a “yes” in one moment doesn’t mean “yes” always. “It’s an opportunity then to engage with kids around the reasons for consent and why they’re so important,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With older students, consent definitions are less concrete because consent can be applied to so many different situations. It comes into play when a student needs to borrow a calculator from a peer or when they are asking one another to be their date to prom. Older students are more interested in what consent looks like in action, said Zaloom, who finds that many teens already know the definition of consent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her classes, Zaloom has students role play scenarios that may come up in relationships. For instance, twenty-three year old Alyssa Romo, a graduate from Urban High School,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> participated in a role play where a classmate said “I love you” when she wasn’t ready to reciprocate those feelings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s something I still struggle with,” Romo said. “I remember thinking, ‘Oh, like it’s okay to not say [you’re in love] if you don’t want to.’” By actively participating in these scenarios, students develop skills for navigating complex emotional situations in relationships. Role playing allows students to explore different perspectives, learn effective ways to express their feelings and boundaries, and practice active listening and empathy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s really important to meet kids where they are and to find things that translate all of this language and expectation into things that don’t feel so big and overwhelming,” said Zaloom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6515570052&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More than a “moment of legal responsibility” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex education is often the closest schools get to teaching about love and relationships, but sex and health education programs can fall short when they only focus on STD and pregnancy prevention. According to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2022-Sex-Ed-State-Law-and-Policy-Chart.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex Ed for Social Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 16 states provide abstinence-only sex education. “It’s not about how to have an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50518/how-to-teach-teens-about-love-consent-and-emotional-intelligence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ethical, intimate relationship or sexual relationship \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with somebody else,” said MCC’s Weissbourd. While some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882098/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">studies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlight the effectiveness of abstinence-based education, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30260-4/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that abstinence-only programs do not reduce teen pregnancies or STD rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s so much more to think about, to take into consideration, to be attuned to, if we’re really talking about promoting healthy sexuality and relationships that are grounded in mutual respect, empathy, care and dignity,” said Zaloom. She teaches students about laws pertaining to sex and consent, but also encourages students to think of consent as a “vibe”, rather than a moment of legal responsibility, meaning that consent isn’t about just checking a box and moving on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, she talks to students about ethical sexuality, which takes into account a person’s wellbeing. So whether it’s a casual relationship or something they’ve been building up to for a long time, both people involved should be consenting and aligned. Zaloom prompts students to think about what good sex means to them. “Because you can have a consensual sexual experience that is boring. That’s embarrassing. That’s disappointing. And not that that isn’t a part of life. It certainly is. But we want to aspire to something a little more than that,” said Zaloom. “So there’s legal, there’s ethical, and then there’s what’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Moving beyond popular culture messages\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCC’s survey of teens and young adults indicates that if children do not receive education about love and relationships from their parents or schools, they are likely to seek information from popular culture, including movies and social media. While popular culture representations are not inherently negative, unchecked models of unhealthy relationships can influence young people’s perceptions. “In that way, images of the media are more damaging and dangerous than images of violence in the media,” said Weissbourd. Misconceptions can result in young people staying in unhealthy relationships, alcoholism, or domestic abuse, according to MCC’s survey. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To counteract the negative influence of popular entertainment, Zaloom assigns romantic comedies for students to watch and facilitates whole-class discussions about them. During these discussions, students identify and analyze both healthy and unhealthy relationship practices portrayed by the main characters. Romo, Zaloom’s former student, remembered watching the movie “Friends with Benefits,” and identifying the characters’ healthy relationship practices. “Like setting expectations for the relationship or boundaries or telling each other what they wanted,” said Romo. “It’s a silly movie, but that’s kind of a big deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When done well, consent education can help young people to navigate relationships, establish boundaries, and build meaningful connections. Romo, who is recently single after ending a five-year-long relationship, said she’s insistent on how people treat her because of what she learned in Zaloom’s class. “We had a lot of conversations about setting boundaries and being conscious of what you want out of a relationship and a partner and the people in your life,” said Romo. “That really stuck with me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this post misspelled Shafia Zaloom’s last name. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62011/teens-want-to-know-how-to-have-better-relationships-consent-education-can-help","authors":["11721"],"programs":["mindshift_21847"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21512","mindshift_21504","mindshift_21280","mindshift_21130","mindshift_21848","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_21036","mindshift_21231","mindshift_21268","mindshift_268","mindshift_21067","mindshift_21213","mindshift_944","mindshift_20963","mindshift_943","mindshift_30"],"featImg":"mindshift_62012","label":"mindshift_21847"},"mindshift_62004":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62004","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62004","score":null,"sort":[1689282003000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first","title":"So your tween wants a smartphone? Read this first","publishDate":1689282003,"format":"standard","headTitle":"So your tween wants a smartphone? Read this first | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Your tween wants a smartphone \u003cem>very \u003c/em>badly. So badly that it physically hurts. And they’re giving you \u003cem>soooo \u003c/em>many reasons why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re going to middle school … they need it to collaborate with peers on school projects … they need it to tell you where they are … when they’ll be home … when the school bus is late. It’ll help \u003cem>you,\u003c/em> dear parent, they vow. Plus, all their friends have one, and they feel left out. Come on! Pleeeeeease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you click “place order” on that smartphone, pause and consider a few insights from a person who makes a living helping parents and tweens navigate the murky waters of smartphones and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/about-emily\">Emily Cherkin\u003c/a> spent more than a decade as a middle school teacher during the early aughts. She watched firsthand as the presence of smartphones transformed life for middle schoolers. For the past four years, she’s been working as screen-time consultant, coaching parents about digital technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her first piece of advice about when to give a child a smartphone and allow them to access social media was reiterated by other experts over and over again: Delay, delay, delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“I wish I knew then what I know now”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to hundreds of parents,” Cherkin explains, “and no one has ever said to me, ‘I wish I gave my kid a phone earlier’ or ‘I wish I’d given them social media access sooner.’ Never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, parents tell her the opposite. “I always hear, ‘I wish I had waited. I wish I knew then what I know now,’ ” she says, “because boy, once you give a child one of these devices or technologies, it is so much harder to take it back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smartphones, social media and video games create large spikes in dopamine deep inside a child’s brain. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61863/anti-dopamine-parenting-can-curb-a-kids-craving-for-screens-or-sweets\">NPR has reported\u003c/a>, those spikes pull the child’s attention to the device or app, almost like a magnet. They tell the child’s brain that this activity is super critical – way more critical than other activities that trigger smaller spikes in dopamine, such as finishing homework, helping to clean up after dinner, or even playing outside with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, parents set themselves up for a constant struggle when a child starts having their own smartphone, Cherkin says. “It’s the dopamine you’re fighting. And that’s not a fair fight. So I tell parents, ‘Delay all of it just as long as you can,'” she emphasizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means delaying, not just a smartphone, but \u003cem>any \u003c/em>device, including tablets, she suggests. By introducing a tablet at an early age, even for educational purposes, parents can establish a habit that may be hard to break later, Cherkin has observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child using a tablet at age 6 to 8 comes to expect screen time after school,” she says. “Flash forward to age 12, and now they have a phone. And when they come home from school, they’re likely engaging with social media, instead of educational videos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neurologically, children’s brains haven’t developed enough to handle the magnetic pull of these devices and the apps on them, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if you have the perfect storm,” Samaha explains. “You have games, social media and even pornography and shopping online, and the brains of children are just not yet ready to have the level of self-control needed to regulate their behavior with these activities. Even adults sometimes don’t have enough self-control to do that or handle some of the emotional impact of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Right-size your parenting fears\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents often feel like once their tween starts moving around more autonomously through their neighborhood or town more, the child needs a smartphone to be safe, Cherkin says. “They may think, ‘Oh, my gosh! My kid is going to be kidnapped on the way to school. They need a phone to call me.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cherkin notes that parents tend to overestimate the dangers of the “real world” and \u003cem>underestimate\u003c/em> the dangers of a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our fears are very misplaced,” she says. “We need to think about what is statistically really likely to happen versus what’s really, really unlikely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year in the U.S. about a hundred children are abducted by strangers or people or slight acquaintances, the U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/249249.pdf\">reported\u003c/a>. Given that 50 million children, ages 6 to 17, reside in the U.S, the risk of a child being kidnapped by a stranger is about 0.0002% each year. (By comparison, the risk of being struck by lightning each year is about 0.0001%.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, giving a child a phone comes with a whole new set of risks and dangers, Cherkin says. They can be difficult for some parents to understand because they may not have much firsthand experience with specific apps, and the new threats that are emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in March, the nonprofit Common Sense Media \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/how-girls-really-feel-about-social-media-researchreport_web_final_2.pdf\">surveyed\u003c/a> about 1,300 girls, ages 11 to 15, about their experiences on social media. Nearly 60% of the girls who use Instagram, and nearly 60% of those who use Snapchat, said they had been contacted by a stranger that makes them uncomfortable. The same was true for 46% of those who use TikTok.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Disturbing online encounters and influences\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The same survey found that these apps often expose girls to content they find disturbing or harmful. For those that use Instagram, TikTok or Snapchat, 12% to 15% of girls see or hear content related to suicide on a daily basis. About the same percentage asaid they see or hear content about eating disorders on a daily basis as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the Center for Countering Digital Hate also found evidence that content related to suicide and disordered eating is relatively common on TikTok. In the \u003ca href=\"https://counterhate.com/research/deadly-by-design/\">investigation\u003c/a>, the nonprofit set up eight accounts ostensibly by 13-year-old children. Each user paused on and liked videos about body image and mental health. Within 30 minutes, TikTok recommended content about suicide and eating disorders to all eight accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, this content began appearing in less than three minutes. On average, TikTok suggested content about eating disorders every four minutes to the teen accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TikTok declined NPR’s request for an interview, but in an email, a spokesperson for the company wrote: “We’re committed to building age-appropriate experiences, while equipping parents with tools, like\u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us__;!!Iwwt!TXlWyyVqWw7ko1SLp-5LloOiRlujH57BqCCTBxgALe7v3MBnbuRJg9C_l2e_RGxD4vLurQazVw_k3BzUCiaeF4o%24\"> Family Pairing\u003c/a>, to support their teen’s experience on TikTok.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma Lembke, age 20, says these findings line up with what she experienced when she first went on Instagram eight years ago. “As a 12-year-old girl, I felt like I was being constantly bombarded by bodies that I could never replicate or ones that I could try to, but it would lead me in a darker direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers just trying to look up a healthy recipe. “And from that one search, I remember being fed constant stuff about my ‘200-calorie day’ or intermittent fasting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, she says, her feed was “covered with anorexic, thin, tiny women. Dieting pills, lollipops to suppress my appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke developed an eating disorder. She has recovered and now is a digital advocate and founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log OFF\u003c/a> project, which helps teens build healthier relationships with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was younger, I was being prodded and poked and fed material [on social media] that was really leading me in a direction toward an eating disorder,” she says. “I think for a lot of young women, even if it doesn’t materialize into a fully fledged eating disorder, it painfully warps their sense of self by harming their body image. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram’s parent company, Meta, declined a request for an interview. But in an email, a spokesperson said the company has invested in technology that finds and removes content related to suicide, self-injury or eating disorders before anyone reports it. “We want to reassure every parent that we have their interests at heart in the work we’re doing to provide teens with safe, supportive experiences online,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A whole world of sexually explicit content\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many children also come across sexualized content, even porn, on social media apps, Cherkin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to get a sense for what your kid might encounter once you let them have a phone and popular apps, Cherkin recommends trying this: Set up a test account in one of the apps, setting the age of the user to your child’s age, and then use the account yourself for a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did that with Snapchat. I set up an account, pretending to be 15. Then I just went to the Discover feed, where it pushes content to you based on your age,” she explains. Within seconds, sexualized content and vulgar images appeared, she says. “And I thought, ‘No, this is not appropriate for a 15-year-old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapchat’s parent company, Snap, also declined a request for an interview with NPR. A spokesperson wrote in an email: “We have largely kept misinformation, hate speech and other potentially harmful content from spreading on Snapchat. That said, we completely understand concerns about the appropriateness of the content that may be featured, and are working to strengthen protections for teens with the aim of offering them a more age-appropriate experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personally, Cherkin uses Instagram for her business. And back in March, despite all her knowledge about the traps on social media, she says she “got catfished.” She engaged with a stranger who seemed to be a teen in her DMs and eventually received obscene and disturbing photos of a man’s genitalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/think-your-kid-wont-get-porn-in-their-dms-6fd96a4dc330sourcerss-43e8070c4854------2\">writes\u003c/a> on her blog: “It’s graphic. It’s gross. And this is one teeny (lol) example of what kids and teens see ALL THE TIME.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s a parent to do? Consider smartphone alternatives\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the end, Cherkin says, there are several other in-between options for tweens besides giving them their own smartphone or denying them a phone altogether. You can:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Share your phone with your tween so they can text with and call friends.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Give your tween a “dumb phone” that only allows texting and calling. For example, buy an old-school flip phone. But if that’s out of the question because it’s not cool enough (and you have extra cash to spare), you can now buy dumb phones that look like smartphones but have extremely limited functions — no easy-access to the internet, no social media. And very little risk of inappropriate content.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch3>Try to limit the apps your child uses, but get ready to be busy monitoring them\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you do end up getting your tween a smartphone, Cherkin says, you might be tempted to simply “block” children from downloading particular apps on their phones. And in theory, this works. Parental control apps, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/\">Bark,\u003c/a> can notify you when an app is installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she says, many kids find workarounds to this approach — and really any parental controls. For instance, she says, if you block Instagram on their phone, kids can log in via the web. If you block TikTok, they might watch TikTok videos in Pinterest. Kids can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/blog/spotify-porn-problem/#:~:text=Spotify%2C%20Amazon%20Unlimited%2C%20YouTube%20Music,filter%20off%20after%20the%20fact.\">porn on Spotify\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids are way tech savvier than we are,” Cherkin wrote in an email. “Remember how we used to program the VCR for our parents?! Every single parent who comes to me for help has a variation of this same story: ‘We had X parental controls; we blocked X sites; our child figured out how to access them anyway.’ … It’s impossible to successfully block everything — and once you do, a replacement will pop up in its place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, once you give your child a smartphone, you will likely be setting up yourself for a whole new series of parenting tasks and worries. Even Meta reveals this in its April \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxy14wjki6s\">ad for parental controls\u003c/a>: The mom in the ad is monitoring her son’s Instagram account while doing the dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=So+your+tween+wants+a+smartphone%3F+Read+this+first&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When's the right time to start your child with a phone? Is 12 too young? Here's what a professional screen time consultant tells parents about the risks kids face online.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1689282003,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":42,"wordCount":2147},"headData":{"title":"So your tween wants a smartphone? Read this first | KQED","description":"When's the right time to start your child with a phone? Is 12 too young? 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So badly that it physically hurts. And they’re giving you \u003cem>soooo \u003c/em>many reasons why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re going to middle school … they need it to collaborate with peers on school projects … they need it to tell you where they are … when they’ll be home … when the school bus is late. It’ll help \u003cem>you,\u003c/em> dear parent, they vow. Plus, all their friends have one, and they feel left out. Come on! Pleeeeeease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you click “place order” on that smartphone, pause and consider a few insights from a person who makes a living helping parents and tweens navigate the murky waters of smartphones and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/about-emily\">Emily Cherkin\u003c/a> spent more than a decade as a middle school teacher during the early aughts. She watched firsthand as the presence of smartphones transformed life for middle schoolers. For the past four years, she’s been working as screen-time consultant, coaching parents about digital technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her first piece of advice about when to give a child a smartphone and allow them to access social media was reiterated by other experts over and over again: Delay, delay, delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“I wish I knew then what I know now”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to hundreds of parents,” Cherkin explains, “and no one has ever said to me, ‘I wish I gave my kid a phone earlier’ or ‘I wish I’d given them social media access sooner.’ Never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, parents tell her the opposite. “I always hear, ‘I wish I had waited. I wish I knew then what I know now,’ ” she says, “because boy, once you give a child one of these devices or technologies, it is so much harder to take it back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smartphones, social media and video games create large spikes in dopamine deep inside a child’s brain. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61863/anti-dopamine-parenting-can-curb-a-kids-craving-for-screens-or-sweets\">NPR has reported\u003c/a>, those spikes pull the child’s attention to the device or app, almost like a magnet. They tell the child’s brain that this activity is super critical – way more critical than other activities that trigger smaller spikes in dopamine, such as finishing homework, helping to clean up after dinner, or even playing outside with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, parents set themselves up for a constant struggle when a child starts having their own smartphone, Cherkin says. “It’s the dopamine you’re fighting. And that’s not a fair fight. So I tell parents, ‘Delay all of it just as long as you can,'” she emphasizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means delaying, not just a smartphone, but \u003cem>any \u003c/em>device, including tablets, she suggests. By introducing a tablet at an early age, even for educational purposes, parents can establish a habit that may be hard to break later, Cherkin has observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child using a tablet at age 6 to 8 comes to expect screen time after school,” she says. “Flash forward to age 12, and now they have a phone. And when they come home from school, they’re likely engaging with social media, instead of educational videos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neurologically, children’s brains haven’t developed enough to handle the magnetic pull of these devices and the apps on them, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if you have the perfect storm,” Samaha explains. “You have games, social media and even pornography and shopping online, and the brains of children are just not yet ready to have the level of self-control needed to regulate their behavior with these activities. Even adults sometimes don’t have enough self-control to do that or handle some of the emotional impact of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Right-size your parenting fears\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents often feel like once their tween starts moving around more autonomously through their neighborhood or town more, the child needs a smartphone to be safe, Cherkin says. “They may think, ‘Oh, my gosh! My kid is going to be kidnapped on the way to school. They need a phone to call me.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cherkin notes that parents tend to overestimate the dangers of the “real world” and \u003cem>underestimate\u003c/em> the dangers of a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our fears are very misplaced,” she says. “We need to think about what is statistically really likely to happen versus what’s really, really unlikely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year in the U.S. about a hundred children are abducted by strangers or people or slight acquaintances, the U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/249249.pdf\">reported\u003c/a>. Given that 50 million children, ages 6 to 17, reside in the U.S, the risk of a child being kidnapped by a stranger is about 0.0002% each year. (By comparison, the risk of being struck by lightning each year is about 0.0001%.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, giving a child a phone comes with a whole new set of risks and dangers, Cherkin says. They can be difficult for some parents to understand because they may not have much firsthand experience with specific apps, and the new threats that are emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in March, the nonprofit Common Sense Media \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/how-girls-really-feel-about-social-media-researchreport_web_final_2.pdf\">surveyed\u003c/a> about 1,300 girls, ages 11 to 15, about their experiences on social media. Nearly 60% of the girls who use Instagram, and nearly 60% of those who use Snapchat, said they had been contacted by a stranger that makes them uncomfortable. The same was true for 46% of those who use TikTok.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Disturbing online encounters and influences\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The same survey found that these apps often expose girls to content they find disturbing or harmful. For those that use Instagram, TikTok or Snapchat, 12% to 15% of girls see or hear content related to suicide on a daily basis. About the same percentage asaid they see or hear content about eating disorders on a daily basis as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the Center for Countering Digital Hate also found evidence that content related to suicide and disordered eating is relatively common on TikTok. In the \u003ca href=\"https://counterhate.com/research/deadly-by-design/\">investigation\u003c/a>, the nonprofit set up eight accounts ostensibly by 13-year-old children. Each user paused on and liked videos about body image and mental health. Within 30 minutes, TikTok recommended content about suicide and eating disorders to all eight accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, this content began appearing in less than three minutes. On average, TikTok suggested content about eating disorders every four minutes to the teen accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TikTok declined NPR’s request for an interview, but in an email, a spokesperson for the company wrote: “We’re committed to building age-appropriate experiences, while equipping parents with tools, like\u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us__;!!Iwwt!TXlWyyVqWw7ko1SLp-5LloOiRlujH57BqCCTBxgALe7v3MBnbuRJg9C_l2e_RGxD4vLurQazVw_k3BzUCiaeF4o%24\"> Family Pairing\u003c/a>, to support their teen’s experience on TikTok.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma Lembke, age 20, says these findings line up with what she experienced when she first went on Instagram eight years ago. “As a 12-year-old girl, I felt like I was being constantly bombarded by bodies that I could never replicate or ones that I could try to, but it would lead me in a darker direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers just trying to look up a healthy recipe. “And from that one search, I remember being fed constant stuff about my ‘200-calorie day’ or intermittent fasting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, she says, her feed was “covered with anorexic, thin, tiny women. Dieting pills, lollipops to suppress my appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke developed an eating disorder. She has recovered and now is a digital advocate and founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log OFF\u003c/a> project, which helps teens build healthier relationships with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was younger, I was being prodded and poked and fed material [on social media] that was really leading me in a direction toward an eating disorder,” she says. “I think for a lot of young women, even if it doesn’t materialize into a fully fledged eating disorder, it painfully warps their sense of self by harming their body image. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram’s parent company, Meta, declined a request for an interview. But in an email, a spokesperson said the company has invested in technology that finds and removes content related to suicide, self-injury or eating disorders before anyone reports it. “We want to reassure every parent that we have their interests at heart in the work we’re doing to provide teens with safe, supportive experiences online,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A whole world of sexually explicit content\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many children also come across sexualized content, even porn, on social media apps, Cherkin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to get a sense for what your kid might encounter once you let them have a phone and popular apps, Cherkin recommends trying this: Set up a test account in one of the apps, setting the age of the user to your child’s age, and then use the account yourself for a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did that with Snapchat. I set up an account, pretending to be 15. Then I just went to the Discover feed, where it pushes content to you based on your age,” she explains. Within seconds, sexualized content and vulgar images appeared, she says. “And I thought, ‘No, this is not appropriate for a 15-year-old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapchat’s parent company, Snap, also declined a request for an interview with NPR. A spokesperson wrote in an email: “We have largely kept misinformation, hate speech and other potentially harmful content from spreading on Snapchat. That said, we completely understand concerns about the appropriateness of the content that may be featured, and are working to strengthen protections for teens with the aim of offering them a more age-appropriate experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personally, Cherkin uses Instagram for her business. And back in March, despite all her knowledge about the traps on social media, she says she “got catfished.” She engaged with a stranger who seemed to be a teen in her DMs and eventually received obscene and disturbing photos of a man’s genitalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/think-your-kid-wont-get-porn-in-their-dms-6fd96a4dc330sourcerss-43e8070c4854------2\">writes\u003c/a> on her blog: “It’s graphic. It’s gross. And this is one teeny (lol) example of what kids and teens see ALL THE TIME.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s a parent to do? Consider smartphone alternatives\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the end, Cherkin says, there are several other in-between options for tweens besides giving them their own smartphone or denying them a phone altogether. You can:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Share your phone with your tween so they can text with and call friends.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Give your tween a “dumb phone” that only allows texting and calling. For example, buy an old-school flip phone. But if that’s out of the question because it’s not cool enough (and you have extra cash to spare), you can now buy dumb phones that look like smartphones but have extremely limited functions — no easy-access to the internet, no social media. And very little risk of inappropriate content.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch3>Try to limit the apps your child uses, but get ready to be busy monitoring them\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you do end up getting your tween a smartphone, Cherkin says, you might be tempted to simply “block” children from downloading particular apps on their phones. And in theory, this works. Parental control apps, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/\">Bark,\u003c/a> can notify you when an app is installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she says, many kids find workarounds to this approach — and really any parental controls. For instance, she says, if you block Instagram on their phone, kids can log in via the web. If you block TikTok, they might watch TikTok videos in Pinterest. Kids can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/blog/spotify-porn-problem/#:~:text=Spotify%2C%20Amazon%20Unlimited%2C%20YouTube%20Music,filter%20off%20after%20the%20fact.\">porn on Spotify\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids are way tech savvier than we are,” Cherkin wrote in an email. “Remember how we used to program the VCR for our parents?! Every single parent who comes to me for help has a variation of this same story: ‘We had X parental controls; we blocked X sites; our child figured out how to access them anyway.’ … It’s impossible to successfully block everything — and once you do, a replacement will pop up in its place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, once you give your child a smartphone, you will likely be setting up yourself for a whole new series of parenting tasks and worries. Even Meta reveals this in its April \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxy14wjki6s\">ad for parental controls\u003c/a>: The mom in the ad is monitoring her son’s Instagram account while doing the dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=So+your+tween+wants+a+smartphone%3F+Read+this+first&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62004/so-your-tween-wants-a-smartphone-read-this-first","authors":["byline_mindshift_62004"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21385","mindshift_20874"],"tags":["mindshift_866","mindshift_822","mindshift_691","mindshift_21473","mindshift_145","mindshift_20568","mindshift_290","mindshift_20816","mindshift_393","mindshift_30","mindshift_21680"],"featImg":"mindshift_62005","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61654":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61654","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61654","score":null,"sort":[1685331951000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-happens-when-one-twin-scorns-social-media-and-the-other-embraces-it","title":"What happens when one twin scorns social media and the other embraces it","publishDate":1685331951,"format":"standard","headTitle":"What happens when one twin scorns social media and the other embraces it | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meet Xenia, a junior at Northwestern University, who leans into math and science, runs dutifully in her spare time and tends toward introversion. Now meet her fraternal twin, Madeleine, a double major in English and Philosophy at Johns Hopkins, who prefers reading and writing over sports and as a child was dubbed the school’s mayor by her father after he noticed her making the rounds in the cafeteria during a second-grade parent/child lunch. The girls get along, their personality differences allowing each to carve out an independent identity and buffering both from excessive rivalry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another way these twins differ? When they were in high school, Xenia spurned all social media, the only girl in her grade, she thought, without Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Houseparty and all other social media sites on her phone. “I was never interested in it,” she told me. Madeleine, on the other hand, while not a devotee, relied on Snapchat to keep in touch with distant friends and used Instagram and other sites to stay on top of school gossip, fashion trends and entertainment news. “Interfacing with technology is Madeleine’s varsity sport,” her father said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most adolescents would seem to follow Madeleine’s path. Almost all teenagers\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">used\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> smart phones in 2022, the Pew Research Center \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and 53% of kids in cities acknowledged being online “almost constantly.” As for social media, most teenagers are all in: TikTok is now the most favored platform, used by 67% of 13-17 year olds, followed by Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook, whose popularity has declined dramatically. More and more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jonathanhaidt.substack.com/p/the-teen-mental-illness-epidemic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has shown that excessive use of social media undermines kids’ mental health. A British \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(19)30186-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of nearly 12,000 teenagers found that frequent social media use is associated with a lower sense of well-being, especially among girls who experienced cyberbullying or diminished sleep. Social psychologist and author \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jean_twenge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jean Twenge\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who has explored the link between excessive screen use and deteriorating mental health, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/teenage-depression-and-suicide-are-way-up--and-so-is-smartphone-use/2017/11/17/624641ea-ca13-11e7-8321-481fd63f174d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">blames\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the former for triggering the latter, noting that rates of depression and suicide among teenagers have increased since smart phones became ubiquitous. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though far from a controlled lab experiment, twins who grew up in the same house and diverged over their phone use offer interesting insights into how Instagram and its ilk can amplify what’s already there. How the two have adapted their social media patterns during college also reveals how the wider environment can shape its use. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In high school, Madeleine was the first to admit that she was easily distracted and bored, as well as quick to lose things, including the phone she relied on to stay in touch with friends. “I tend to leave my phone everywhere,” she told me. She wasn’t one to post pictures often, a habit that annoyed some of her friends, but she did check Instagram and Snapchat once or twice a day, she said, for up to an hour in total time. That was a far cry from many girls Madeleine knew, including some who tracked their accounts for six hours a day, she said. She liked the way big stories on Instagram or Snapchat sparked conversation and mentioned that a public spat on YouTube among dueling makeup artists preoccupied her entire grade. What Madeleine enjoyed most, though, was how these platforms allowed her to stay connected with the friends in Australia she met during a student exchange program. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xenia, on the other hand, is a minimalist, and not just with her phone, which she used about 90 minutes per week in high school. She didn’t care to be photographed, was oblivious to fashion trends, and didn’t fret over being last to the latest Instagram kerfuffle. “It’s not that I don’t hear about it,” she said at the time, “it’s just delayed.” Her sister Madeleine acted as a kind of social media screener, sharing highlights she knew Xenia would appreciate but leaving out Hollywood gossip and trivial YouTube quarrels. Xenia had no regrets: “I have better stuff to worry about than who opened my TikTok,” she said. She was mystified by those who lingered on social media and then whimpered about their limited time. “You intentionally chose to be on some site for many hours on the weekend; that’s a decision you made,” she said. And though she acquiesced to the group when friends chose a restaurant based on its Instagram appeal rather than its menu, she was baffled by the reasoning. “I don’t understand that aspect of it, the pointlessness,” she told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A funny thing happened when the girls went to college. Xenia was forced to join Facebook for her COVID-era freshman orientation and ultimately caved to adopting Instagram: it was the most efficient way of staying in touch with friends from home. Had she finally fallen sway to its obsessive power, sharing shots of the day’s breakfast and choice of shoes? “I’m on it about 10 to 20 minutes a week,” she told me. “I’ve never posted anything.” As in high school, her college friends admired Xenia’s apathy towards social media, and many enjoyed studying with her; she was less distracted, and her avoidance of the platforms was contagious. At the same time, Xenia is on her phone more, in part because some professors use them for coursework and exams. But she remains bewildered by the power social media seems to wield over her peers. “I feel like it’s an addiction,” she told me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">College has changed Madeleine more dramatically. No longer surrounded by disapproving family members who discouraged excessive phone use, at first she found it harder to control herself. She fell deeper into time-consuming rabbit holes and got wrapped up in distant, trivial dramas. But it began to dawn on her that the curated lives she witnessed on Instagram weren’t important or real. By the middle of her first semester at college, she deleted the app. From Xenia’s vantage point, Madeleine is happier and her friendships seem more solid than the ones she had in high school. “Whether academically or socially, she’s a lot freer,” Xenia said. Madeleine said this: “My brain is way less cluttered.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Though far from a controlled lab experiment, twins who grew up in the same house and diverged over their phone use offer interesting insights into how Instagram and its ilk can amplify what’s already there.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1685332564,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":1097},"headData":{"title":"What happens when one twin scorns social media and the other embraces it | KQED","description":"In high school, Xenia spurned all social media. Madeleine, on the other hand, used popular apps to keep up with distant friends, school gossip, fashion trends and entertainment news.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"In high school, Xenia spurned all social media. Madeleine, on the other hand, used popular apps to keep up with distant friends, school gossip, fashion trends and entertainment news.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What happens when one twin scorns social media and the other embraces it","datePublished":"2023-05-29T03:45:51.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-29T03:56:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61654/what-happens-when-one-twin-scorns-social-media-and-the-other-embraces-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meet Xenia, a junior at Northwestern University, who leans into math and science, runs dutifully in her spare time and tends toward introversion. Now meet her fraternal twin, Madeleine, a double major in English and Philosophy at Johns Hopkins, who prefers reading and writing over sports and as a child was dubbed the school’s mayor by her father after he noticed her making the rounds in the cafeteria during a second-grade parent/child lunch. The girls get along, their personality differences allowing each to carve out an independent identity and buffering both from excessive rivalry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another way these twins differ? When they were in high school, Xenia spurned all social media, the only girl in her grade, she thought, without Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Houseparty and all other social media sites on her phone. “I was never interested in it,” she told me. Madeleine, on the other hand, while not a devotee, relied on Snapchat to keep in touch with distant friends and used Instagram and other sites to stay on top of school gossip, fashion trends and entertainment news. “Interfacing with technology is Madeleine’s varsity sport,” her father said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most adolescents would seem to follow Madeleine’s path. Almost all teenagers\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">used\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> smart phones in 2022, the Pew Research Center \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and 53% of kids in cities acknowledged being online “almost constantly.” As for social media, most teenagers are all in: TikTok is now the most favored platform, used by 67% of 13-17 year olds, followed by Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook, whose popularity has declined dramatically. More and more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jonathanhaidt.substack.com/p/the-teen-mental-illness-epidemic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has shown that excessive use of social media undermines kids’ mental health. A British \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(19)30186-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of nearly 12,000 teenagers found that frequent social media use is associated with a lower sense of well-being, especially among girls who experienced cyberbullying or diminished sleep. Social psychologist and author \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jean_twenge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jean Twenge\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who has explored the link between excessive screen use and deteriorating mental health, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/teenage-depression-and-suicide-are-way-up--and-so-is-smartphone-use/2017/11/17/624641ea-ca13-11e7-8321-481fd63f174d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">blames\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the former for triggering the latter, noting that rates of depression and suicide among teenagers have increased since smart phones became ubiquitous. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though far from a controlled lab experiment, twins who grew up in the same house and diverged over their phone use offer interesting insights into how Instagram and its ilk can amplify what’s already there. How the two have adapted their social media patterns during college also reveals how the wider environment can shape its use. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In high school, Madeleine was the first to admit that she was easily distracted and bored, as well as quick to lose things, including the phone she relied on to stay in touch with friends. “I tend to leave my phone everywhere,” she told me. She wasn’t one to post pictures often, a habit that annoyed some of her friends, but she did check Instagram and Snapchat once or twice a day, she said, for up to an hour in total time. That was a far cry from many girls Madeleine knew, including some who tracked their accounts for six hours a day, she said. She liked the way big stories on Instagram or Snapchat sparked conversation and mentioned that a public spat on YouTube among dueling makeup artists preoccupied her entire grade. What Madeleine enjoyed most, though, was how these platforms allowed her to stay connected with the friends in Australia she met during a student exchange program. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xenia, on the other hand, is a minimalist, and not just with her phone, which she used about 90 minutes per week in high school. She didn’t care to be photographed, was oblivious to fashion trends, and didn’t fret over being last to the latest Instagram kerfuffle. “It’s not that I don’t hear about it,” she said at the time, “it’s just delayed.” Her sister Madeleine acted as a kind of social media screener, sharing highlights she knew Xenia would appreciate but leaving out Hollywood gossip and trivial YouTube quarrels. Xenia had no regrets: “I have better stuff to worry about than who opened my TikTok,” she said. She was mystified by those who lingered on social media and then whimpered about their limited time. “You intentionally chose to be on some site for many hours on the weekend; that’s a decision you made,” she said. And though she acquiesced to the group when friends chose a restaurant based on its Instagram appeal rather than its menu, she was baffled by the reasoning. “I don’t understand that aspect of it, the pointlessness,” she told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A funny thing happened when the girls went to college. Xenia was forced to join Facebook for her COVID-era freshman orientation and ultimately caved to adopting Instagram: it was the most efficient way of staying in touch with friends from home. Had she finally fallen sway to its obsessive power, sharing shots of the day’s breakfast and choice of shoes? “I’m on it about 10 to 20 minutes a week,” she told me. “I’ve never posted anything.” As in high school, her college friends admired Xenia’s apathy towards social media, and many enjoyed studying with her; she was less distracted, and her avoidance of the platforms was contagious. At the same time, Xenia is on her phone more, in part because some professors use them for coursework and exams. But she remains bewildered by the power social media seems to wield over her peers. “I feel like it’s an addiction,” she told me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">College has changed Madeleine more dramatically. No longer surrounded by disapproving family members who discouraged excessive phone use, at first she found it harder to control herself. She fell deeper into time-consuming rabbit holes and got wrapped up in distant, trivial dramas. But it began to dawn on her that the curated lives she witnessed on Instagram weren’t important or real. By the middle of her first semester at college, she deleted the app. From Xenia’s vantage point, Madeleine is happier and her friendships seem more solid than the ones she had in high school. “Whether academically or socially, she’s a lot freer,” Xenia said. Madeleine said this: “My brain is way less cluttered.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61654/what-happens-when-one-twin-scorns-social-media-and-the-other-embraces-it","authors":["4613"],"categories":["mindshift_21445"],"tags":["mindshift_866","mindshift_20865","mindshift_20816","mindshift_393","mindshift_30"],"featImg":"mindshift_61655","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61671":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61671","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61671","score":null,"sort":[1684636798000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them","title":"Teens say social media is stressing them out. Here's how to help them","publishDate":1684636798,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Teens say social media is stressing them out. Here’s how to help them | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>“What advice would you give to young people who are new to social media?” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Have you ever felt like you need to change your social media use…?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teens and young adults from across the country answered these questions in a text survey in 2020. Their answers are eye-opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>I would tell young people … the internet is far off from reality and the more time you spend on it, the more you forget what real life is actually like…,” \u003c/em>one person wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Don’t let social media control your life or your self-esteem,” \u003c/em>another texted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35691849/\">published\u003c/a> in September, reveals a striking awareness about the potential harms social media can have on teenagers’ mental health, but also their persistent attempts to counter these harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some respondents explicitly said social media made them feel depressed. Many asked their parents to help them stop using it. Nearly two-thirds of respondents gave some version of this advice to future teens: Don’t use social media. It’s OK to abstain. Or delete your accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“I have repeatedly deleted Instagram in an effort to improve my emotional state but then, I reinstall. Many times,” \u003c/em>a respondent wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 95% of U.S. teens today use some type of social media, and about a third say they use it “almost constantly,” the Pew Research Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\">found in August\u003c/a>. At the same time, teens and tweens are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/01/1160478454/the-kids-arent-alright-the-post-pandemic-teen-mental-health-crisis\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/04/25/1171773181/social-media-teens-mental-health\">research indicates\u003c/a> that these two trends are intertwined: that social media can cause depression and lower life satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While clinicians and psychologists try to come up with remedies to this crisis, some of them are realizing something paradoxical: Teens and young adults may be the best source of advice and solutions. \u003cem>They \u003c/em>are the experts of these apps — not their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ve been affected by social media more than any other generation, says Emma Lembke, who’s 20 and founded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log Off Movement\u003c/a> to help teens have a healthy relationship with social media. “We, Gen Z, have felt so tangibly the impact of being left alone to big tech’s profit business model,” she explains. “And that relationship is completely asymmetric, and it is just harming young people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By listening to young people, Lembke believes, parents can work with teens to help them minimize the harms of these platforms while maximizing their benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe social media has great aspects as well,” says \u003ca href=\"https://rijularora.com/\">Rijul Arora\u003c/a>, age 26, a digital wellness coach and consultant who leads a project called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/lookupindia4youth/\">LookUp India\u003c/a>, aimed at helping teens unhook from social media. “I’ve been given a lot of opportunities because of social media. I can amplify positive content, and I’m connecting with a lot of people worldwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a young adult struggling to keep up with school because you can’t put down your phone, Arora and Lembke don’t advise trying to cut off from social media altogether. Instead, they say find the sweet spot, “where you take the positive but leave the negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to give youth more agency over social media apps, Arora says. “So teens are using these apps instead of the apps using teens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And parents, this all applies to you too: Here’s how to support and nudge your teen toward balanced screen use, while changing your own habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 1: Learn what you’re up against\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s what teens and young adults say over and over again: Know what you are up against with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when Lembke was in sixth grade, she really, really, \u003cem>really \u003c/em>wanted a phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember as each one of my friends got a phone, each one of them was getting pulled away from conversations with me, from even playing on the playground,” Lembke explains. “So my initial response to this phenomenon was ‘OK, there must be something so magical and amazing within these social media apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she got her own phone, she says, “And I remember for the first few months I was in love with Instagram.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day, I think I commented, [to] Olive Garden, ‘I love you.’ And they responded, ‘We love you, too.'” Lembke says. “And I was screaming around the house. It felt like the best day ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But within a few months, her time on her phone had increased from one hour to five or six hours each day. And her relationship with her phone shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized that the magic I thought Instagram — and all these social media apps — had was really just an illusion,” she says. “As I began to scroll more, I felt my mental, and physical health really suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke wishes someone would have told her about this possibility before she began using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have an anxiety disorder, and I have OCD,” Lembke \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wrCUcfb7mc\">told\u003c/a> Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., in March 2022, during a roundtable hosted by the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://accountabletech.org/\">Accountable Tech\u003c/a>. “I was never warned that entering these online platforms would only amplify the things that I already struggle with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta’s global head of safety, Antigone Davis, said in a statement emailed to NPR that the company refers to research on social media and feedback from teens and families. The company has launched “more than 30 tools to support families,” she says, including some “that allow teens and parents to navigate social media safely together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from TikTok noted in an email that the company released a tool in March for users to monitor their screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here’s what Lembke and other young people want you to know about how the apps work:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. These apps aren’t necessarily going to improve your life.\u003c/em> They aren’t necessarily going to help your fear of missing out. In fact, some teens say their feelings of FOMO actually worsened after starting social media. And for teenagers who are already struggling with mental health problems, studies \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3919760\">suggest \u003c/a>that social media can exacerbate these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. The goal is to keep you on the phone, even if you don’t want to stay.\u003c/em> Even if you feel like social media is hurting you. The apps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/nir_eyal_what_makes_technology_so_habit_forming\">designed to keep you using them\u003c/a> so you can see ads. That’s how social media companies make money, Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Zuckerberg_Senate_Transcript_2018/3Oh1EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22What+we+allow+is+for+advertisers+to+tell+us+who+they+want+to+reach,+and+then+we+do+the+placement.+So,+if+an+advertiser+comes+to+us+and+says,+%27All+right,+I+am+a+ski+shop+and+I+want+to+sell+skis+to+women,%27+then+we+might+have+some+sense,+because+people+shared+skiing-related+content,+or+said+they+were+interested+in+that,+they+shared+whether+they%27re+a+woman,+and+then+we+can+show+the+ads+to+the+right+people+without+that+data+ever+changing+hands+and+going+to+the+advertiser.%22&pg=PT46&printsec=frontcover\">explained\u003c/a> to Congress in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media apps tap into an ancient pathway in your brain that makes you crave using them and makes it extremely difficult to stop, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/about/samaha/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal. “Social media apps know very well how to exploit human behavior to keep you coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many teens say they feel like social media apps control \u003cem>them \u003c/em>instead of vice versa. “I felt this addiction. I felt this pull, as if I had lost agency…,” Lembke said to Sen. Blumenthal. “As a young female, as a young person, that’s incredibly scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the third thing teens say, over and over again about social media overuse: You can break the habit. And it starts with one key step: a digital audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 2: Get your baseline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because of the way social media taps into our brain circuitry, most of the time we hardly realize we’re using the apps. It’s habitual or even subconscious. That’s why young people suggest doing a digital audit to help bring this usage into your consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a project in high school English class, Sofie Keppler tracked the time she spent on each app on her phone each day for a week. The results triggered several big epiphanies for the 16-year-old: “First, that I was using my phone like a lot — I mean \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> — more than I thought,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, “it made me think like, maybe I should limit myself … so I’m not always on social media, and I’m talking to everyone around me,” she says. “The more I was on the phone, the more I was ignoring people in social settings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, you can do a digital audit easily with an app, such as Apple \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/view-your-screen-time-summary-iph24dcd4fb8/ios\">Screen Time\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://appadvice.com/app/moment-cut-screen-time/771541926\">Moment\u003c/a>, Toggl \u003ca href=\"https://toggl.com/track/\">Track\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescuetime.com/\">Rescue Time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facts don’t lie … [tracking my usage] really got my eyes to open up,” Lembke says on the Log Off podcast. “When I downloaded Moment and I saw I had like 200 pickups of my phone each day, I was horrified. People don’t understand those statistics … until they really, really see them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then once you understand your baseline, have self-compassion, says Rijul Arora, who has struggled with what he describes as an addiction to social media himself. Don’t feel ashamed or anxious about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In workshops he gives on managing social media use, he tells teens: “Even if you have very high screen time … first acknowledge that you’re doing that, and it’s OK to be that way,” he says. Then when a teen seems ready to change, he adds: “It’s not OK to \u003cem>stay \u003c/em>that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the next step.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 3: Add “friction” to make yourself pause\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just as friction on the road slows down your car, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/30/1127249176/yael-eisenstat-why-we-need-more-friction-on-social-media\">friction\u003c/a> on social media slows your usage. Basically, it’s adding apps that throw up small obstacles when using social media. Friction makes you pause for a bit and think before you mindlessly log on, scroll or click.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some “friction” even makes you take breaths, fill out a wellness survey or meditate after some amount of time engaged with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding friction is surprisingly easy. Again, there are a bunch of apps. Lembke recommends \u003ca href=\"https://habitlab.github.io/\">HabitLab\u003c/a> from Stanford University. The app uses more than 20 interventions to reduce your time on whatever apps you choose. For example, HabitLab runs a clock at the top of the screen showing how much time you’ve spent on the app. It also blocks your news feeds and even stops your scroll after a certain amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some apps, it uses an intervention called “Feed Diet,” which hides recommended content. Or it uses the “Mission Goal” intervention, which makes you type in why you’re entering this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other friction apps include \u003ca href=\"https://apps.shopmoment.com/\">Moment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://freedom.to/\">Freedom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestapp.cc/\">Forest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://screentime.stanford.edu/\">Screentime Genie\u003c/a>. Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/tools-and-resources-for-parents-and-teens-in-vr-and-on-instagram\">Instagram \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://support.tiktok.com/en/account-and-privacy/account-information/screen-time\">TikTok\u003c/a> also have tools inside the apps to add friction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do these friction apps work? “Oh, I think my screen time decreased by like 80%” while using HabitLab, Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re tired of apps, Lembke recommends something she created: the five-minute power scroll. While looking at your news feed, stop at each image for five minutes. Say to yourself, “OK, with this image and with this person, why am I following them? Does this image make me happy? Am I benefiting from their content?” And if not, “unfollow them and give yourself grace to do that,” Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This five-minute power scroll helps you reflect on why you’re using the app and what you want to prioritize during your time online, she says. “It’s how can I maximize its benefits for me, while mitigating its harms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 4: Hack your apps’ default settings\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On many apps, Arora says, the default settings tickle his brain circuitry in a way that amplifies his cravings and habitual overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never go by the default settings that tech companies give you,” says Arora. “Kids love this tip! Because they hate to be manipulated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over again, teens say that turning off notifications is the first — perhaps the most critical — step here. You can do it for only certain times of day, if you need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also explore all the setting options, Arora says, including those related to privacy, your feed, comments and likes. “For example, many people don’t realize that you can turn off ‘likes’ on Instagram,” he says. “This helps reduce the competitiveness of the app.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if an app recommends videos or other content, or starts the next video on auto-play, don’t click. Go and find the video you \u003cem>want \u003c/em>to look at, Lembke says. Remember, she says, you’re in charge. Not the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/giving-young-people-a-safer-more-private-experience\">Instagram\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us\">TikTok \u003c/a>have information for parents on how to set up teens’ accounts in a way that makes them safer but also can help with overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, TikTok has started setting all users under age 18 to a screen time limit of 60 minutes each day. When they reach that limit, the app prompts them to enter a passcode if they want to keep watching, “requiring them to make an active decision to extend that time,” the company explained in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Instagram, teens can turn on notifications that urge them to “take a break” after a certain amount of scrolling. The app will also “suggest that they set reminders to take more breaks in the future,” Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram, \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/raising-the-standard-for-protecting-teens-and-supporting-parents-online\">noted \u003c/a>in December 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 5: Enrich your 3D life\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This one is huge. And it comes from Alassane Sow, 20, who’s studying environmental microbiology at Michigan State University. He and many other young people notice that they use social media when they’re bored (or stressed and need a distraction).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people have a sort of shame when they see that they have 10 hours of screen time a day, and they don’t like that,” Sow explains. “But they don’t have anything else to do — or they feel like they don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sow saw this in himself. “At some point, I realized that I couldn’t sit down for five minutes in my own space without looking at my phone for some sort of stimulus. That’s when I noticed, like, something was off,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he went out and started to find \u003cem>other \u003c/em>hobbies that don’t use his phone. He even has a special name for this: long-format entertainment. These are activities that take time to complete, such as reading a book, or drawing a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These activities make sure my brain isn’t only entertained by short videos and stuff like that,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I consciously plan to do them — instead of being on my phone, I say to myself, ‘I’m going to read a chapter of this book today or I’m going to go see my friends — that’s my favorite thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists, psychiatrists and therapists agree wholeheartedly with Sow. Reinvigorating your life offline is critical to healthy social media usage. Then cutting down social media becomes much easier. You don’t have to accept boredom offline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a big believer in passion in your life,” explains therapist Bob Keane at Walden Behavioral Care. “What do you really like to learn? What gets you really excited besides your phone? And that’s, I think, what we really have to encourage kids to develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not sure where to get started finding a passion? Lembke’s Log Off project has a whole series of projects and challenges to try, from dipping your toe into the 3D world to taking on big, long-term projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 6: Reach out to your parents for help — or if you’re a parent, get involved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This isn’t ironic or a joke. Teenagers say over and over again that they want their parents to help them regulate their social media use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t want parents to rip the phone away or be controlling or bossy. And they definitely don’t want to feel judged or shamed for their social media use. But they want parents to listen empathetically, offer gentle advice and set up guard rails. Even some rules. They want help learning to manage their device themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to prevent addiction and manage digital wellbeing, it is important for parents to set boundaries for their children/teenagers,” writes recent high school graduate Keegan Lee in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/post/a-message-from-gen-z-to-parents\">blog post\u003c/a> on Log Off, called “A Message from Gen Z to Parents.” Lee describes how to talk to teens about their usage and gives some ideas for how to set up rules, including “Try to keep tech out of the bedroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children may not like this suggestion,” she continues, “however, explain to them the purpose of the bedroom is used to rest and recharge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Lee suggests setting clear consequences and punishments when kids violate tech rules. And “revisit the rules frequently,” she writes. If parents don’t help kids manage their screen use, she explains, no one else will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keane at Walden Behavioral Care says teenagers in his support group told him the same idea. “The kids were pretty clear to us that they need help,” he says. “They need help figuring out ways to be able to manage this because they told us, clearly, ‘We can’t do it by ourselves.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the rules need to apply to the whole family, including the parents themselves. “For example, if you have a family dinner, no one has a device at the table,” Keane suggests. “If a parent is driving your adolescent to a game or a practice … the parent can say, ‘If you’re going to want me to drive you, you’re not on your phone, you’re talking to me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is simple but critical: Get kids back in the habit of socializing face-to-face. Because unlike online interactions, talking to other humans in person “is the glue of genuine human connection,” says therapist Kameron Mendes, who works with Keane at Walden Behavioral Center. And it’s time to replenish that glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adolescence is when kids start to become their own people in the world,” Mendes adds. “They try on finding friends, connecting with other people and connecting with other types of values and ideas. For that process to take hold and flourish, we really need to restore some level of human connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Teens+say+social+media+is+stressing+them+out.+Here%27s+how+to+help+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many parents are worried about their kids losing themselves for hours on their phones. Turns out, teens are troubled too. But they also know a lot about how to get unhooked. Here's how they do it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1684637056,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":77,"wordCount":3229},"headData":{"title":"Teens say social media is stressing them out. Here's how to help them | KQED","description":"Adults worry about how much teens use their phones. Turns out, so teens are troubled by it, too. But they also know a lot about how to get unhooked.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Adults worry about how much teens use their phones. Turns out, so teens are troubled by it, too. But they also know a lot about how to get unhooked.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Teens say social media is stressing them out. Here's how to help them","datePublished":"2023-05-21T02:39:58.000Z","dateModified":"2023-05-21T02:44:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprByline":"Michaeleen Doucleff","nprImageAgency":"Rose Wong for NPR","nprStoryId":"1176452284","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1176452284&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/05/17/1176452284/teens-social-media-phone-habit?ft=nprml&f=1176452284","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 18 May 2023 10:29:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 17 May 2023 10:54:23 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 18 May 2023 10:29:11 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/05/20230517_atc_teens_say_social_media_is_stressing_them_out_heres_how_to_help_them.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=1176326550&d=448&p=2&story=1176452284&ft=nprml&f=1176452284","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11176760038-a01f12.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=1176326550&d=448&p=2&story=1176452284&ft=nprml&f=1176452284","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61671/teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2023/05/20230517_atc_teens_say_social_media_is_stressing_them_out_heres_how_to_help_them.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=1176326550&d=448&p=2&story=1176452284&ft=nprml&f=1176452284","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>“What advice would you give to young people who are new to social media?” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Have you ever felt like you need to change your social media use…?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teens and young adults from across the country answered these questions in a text survey in 2020. Their answers are eye-opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>I would tell young people … the internet is far off from reality and the more time you spend on it, the more you forget what real life is actually like…,” \u003c/em>one person wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Don’t let social media control your life or your self-esteem,” \u003c/em>another texted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35691849/\">published\u003c/a> in September, reveals a striking awareness about the potential harms social media can have on teenagers’ mental health, but also their persistent attempts to counter these harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some respondents explicitly said social media made them feel depressed. Many asked their parents to help them stop using it. Nearly two-thirds of respondents gave some version of this advice to future teens: Don’t use social media. It’s OK to abstain. Or delete your accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“I have repeatedly deleted Instagram in an effort to improve my emotional state but then, I reinstall. Many times,” \u003c/em>a respondent wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 95% of U.S. teens today use some type of social media, and about a third say they use it “almost constantly,” the Pew Research Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\">found in August\u003c/a>. At the same time, teens and tweens are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/01/1160478454/the-kids-arent-alright-the-post-pandemic-teen-mental-health-crisis\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/04/25/1171773181/social-media-teens-mental-health\">research indicates\u003c/a> that these two trends are intertwined: that social media can cause depression and lower life satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While clinicians and psychologists try to come up with remedies to this crisis, some of them are realizing something paradoxical: Teens and young adults may be the best source of advice and solutions. \u003cem>They \u003c/em>are the experts of these apps — not their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ve been affected by social media more than any other generation, says Emma Lembke, who’s 20 and founded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log Off Movement\u003c/a> to help teens have a healthy relationship with social media. “We, Gen Z, have felt so tangibly the impact of being left alone to big tech’s profit business model,” she explains. “And that relationship is completely asymmetric, and it is just harming young people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By listening to young people, Lembke believes, parents can work with teens to help them minimize the harms of these platforms while maximizing their benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe social media has great aspects as well,” says \u003ca href=\"https://rijularora.com/\">Rijul Arora\u003c/a>, age 26, a digital wellness coach and consultant who leads a project called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/lookupindia4youth/\">LookUp India\u003c/a>, aimed at helping teens unhook from social media. “I’ve been given a lot of opportunities because of social media. I can amplify positive content, and I’m connecting with a lot of people worldwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a young adult struggling to keep up with school because you can’t put down your phone, Arora and Lembke don’t advise trying to cut off from social media altogether. Instead, they say find the sweet spot, “where you take the positive but leave the negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to give youth more agency over social media apps, Arora says. “So teens are using these apps instead of the apps using teens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And parents, this all applies to you too: Here’s how to support and nudge your teen toward balanced screen use, while changing your own habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 1: Learn what you’re up against\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s what teens and young adults say over and over again: Know what you are up against with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when Lembke was in sixth grade, she really, really, \u003cem>really \u003c/em>wanted a phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember as each one of my friends got a phone, each one of them was getting pulled away from conversations with me, from even playing on the playground,” Lembke explains. “So my initial response to this phenomenon was ‘OK, there must be something so magical and amazing within these social media apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she got her own phone, she says, “And I remember for the first few months I was in love with Instagram.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day, I think I commented, [to] Olive Garden, ‘I love you.’ And they responded, ‘We love you, too.'” Lembke says. “And I was screaming around the house. It felt like the best day ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But within a few months, her time on her phone had increased from one hour to five or six hours each day. And her relationship with her phone shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized that the magic I thought Instagram — and all these social media apps — had was really just an illusion,” she says. “As I began to scroll more, I felt my mental, and physical health really suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke wishes someone would have told her about this possibility before she began using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have an anxiety disorder, and I have OCD,” Lembke \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wrCUcfb7mc\">told\u003c/a> Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., in March 2022, during a roundtable hosted by the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://accountabletech.org/\">Accountable Tech\u003c/a>. “I was never warned that entering these online platforms would only amplify the things that I already struggle with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta’s global head of safety, Antigone Davis, said in a statement emailed to NPR that the company refers to research on social media and feedback from teens and families. The company has launched “more than 30 tools to support families,” she says, including some “that allow teens and parents to navigate social media safely together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from TikTok noted in an email that the company released a tool in March for users to monitor their screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here’s what Lembke and other young people want you to know about how the apps work:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. These apps aren’t necessarily going to improve your life.\u003c/em> They aren’t necessarily going to help your fear of missing out. In fact, some teens say their feelings of FOMO actually worsened after starting social media. And for teenagers who are already struggling with mental health problems, studies \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3919760\">suggest \u003c/a>that social media can exacerbate these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. The goal is to keep you on the phone, even if you don’t want to stay.\u003c/em> Even if you feel like social media is hurting you. The apps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/nir_eyal_what_makes_technology_so_habit_forming\">designed to keep you using them\u003c/a> so you can see ads. That’s how social media companies make money, Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Zuckerberg_Senate_Transcript_2018/3Oh1EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22What+we+allow+is+for+advertisers+to+tell+us+who+they+want+to+reach,+and+then+we+do+the+placement.+So,+if+an+advertiser+comes+to+us+and+says,+%27All+right,+I+am+a+ski+shop+and+I+want+to+sell+skis+to+women,%27+then+we+might+have+some+sense,+because+people+shared+skiing-related+content,+or+said+they+were+interested+in+that,+they+shared+whether+they%27re+a+woman,+and+then+we+can+show+the+ads+to+the+right+people+without+that+data+ever+changing+hands+and+going+to+the+advertiser.%22&pg=PT46&printsec=frontcover\">explained\u003c/a> to Congress in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media apps tap into an ancient pathway in your brain that makes you crave using them and makes it extremely difficult to stop, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/about/samaha/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal. “Social media apps know very well how to exploit human behavior to keep you coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many teens say they feel like social media apps control \u003cem>them \u003c/em>instead of vice versa. “I felt this addiction. I felt this pull, as if I had lost agency…,” Lembke said to Sen. Blumenthal. “As a young female, as a young person, that’s incredibly scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the third thing teens say, over and over again about social media overuse: You can break the habit. And it starts with one key step: a digital audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 2: Get your baseline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because of the way social media taps into our brain circuitry, most of the time we hardly realize we’re using the apps. It’s habitual or even subconscious. That’s why young people suggest doing a digital audit to help bring this usage into your consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a project in high school English class, Sofie Keppler tracked the time she spent on each app on her phone each day for a week. The results triggered several big epiphanies for the 16-year-old: “First, that I was using my phone like a lot — I mean \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> — more than I thought,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, “it made me think like, maybe I should limit myself … so I’m not always on social media, and I’m talking to everyone around me,” she says. “The more I was on the phone, the more I was ignoring people in social settings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, you can do a digital audit easily with an app, such as Apple \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/view-your-screen-time-summary-iph24dcd4fb8/ios\">Screen Time\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://appadvice.com/app/moment-cut-screen-time/771541926\">Moment\u003c/a>, Toggl \u003ca href=\"https://toggl.com/track/\">Track\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescuetime.com/\">Rescue Time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facts don’t lie … [tracking my usage] really got my eyes to open up,” Lembke says on the Log Off podcast. “When I downloaded Moment and I saw I had like 200 pickups of my phone each day, I was horrified. People don’t understand those statistics … until they really, really see them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then once you understand your baseline, have self-compassion, says Rijul Arora, who has struggled with what he describes as an addiction to social media himself. Don’t feel ashamed or anxious about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In workshops he gives on managing social media use, he tells teens: “Even if you have very high screen time … first acknowledge that you’re doing that, and it’s OK to be that way,” he says. Then when a teen seems ready to change, he adds: “It’s not OK to \u003cem>stay \u003c/em>that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the next step.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 3: Add “friction” to make yourself pause\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just as friction on the road slows down your car, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/30/1127249176/yael-eisenstat-why-we-need-more-friction-on-social-media\">friction\u003c/a> on social media slows your usage. Basically, it’s adding apps that throw up small obstacles when using social media. Friction makes you pause for a bit and think before you mindlessly log on, scroll or click.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some “friction” even makes you take breaths, fill out a wellness survey or meditate after some amount of time engaged with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding friction is surprisingly easy. Again, there are a bunch of apps. Lembke recommends \u003ca href=\"https://habitlab.github.io/\">HabitLab\u003c/a> from Stanford University. The app uses more than 20 interventions to reduce your time on whatever apps you choose. For example, HabitLab runs a clock at the top of the screen showing how much time you’ve spent on the app. It also blocks your news feeds and even stops your scroll after a certain amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some apps, it uses an intervention called “Feed Diet,” which hides recommended content. Or it uses the “Mission Goal” intervention, which makes you type in why you’re entering this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other friction apps include \u003ca href=\"https://apps.shopmoment.com/\">Moment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://freedom.to/\">Freedom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestapp.cc/\">Forest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://screentime.stanford.edu/\">Screentime Genie\u003c/a>. Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/tools-and-resources-for-parents-and-teens-in-vr-and-on-instagram\">Instagram \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://support.tiktok.com/en/account-and-privacy/account-information/screen-time\">TikTok\u003c/a> also have tools inside the apps to add friction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do these friction apps work? “Oh, I think my screen time decreased by like 80%” while using HabitLab, Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re tired of apps, Lembke recommends something she created: the five-minute power scroll. While looking at your news feed, stop at each image for five minutes. Say to yourself, “OK, with this image and with this person, why am I following them? Does this image make me happy? Am I benefiting from their content?” And if not, “unfollow them and give yourself grace to do that,” Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This five-minute power scroll helps you reflect on why you’re using the app and what you want to prioritize during your time online, she says. “It’s how can I maximize its benefits for me, while mitigating its harms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 4: Hack your apps’ default settings\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On many apps, Arora says, the default settings tickle his brain circuitry in a way that amplifies his cravings and habitual overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never go by the default settings that tech companies give you,” says Arora. “Kids love this tip! Because they hate to be manipulated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over again, teens say that turning off notifications is the first — perhaps the most critical — step here. You can do it for only certain times of day, if you need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also explore all the setting options, Arora says, including those related to privacy, your feed, comments and likes. “For example, many people don’t realize that you can turn off ‘likes’ on Instagram,” he says. “This helps reduce the competitiveness of the app.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if an app recommends videos or other content, or starts the next video on auto-play, don’t click. Go and find the video you \u003cem>want \u003c/em>to look at, Lembke says. Remember, she says, you’re in charge. Not the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/giving-young-people-a-safer-more-private-experience\">Instagram\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us\">TikTok \u003c/a>have information for parents on how to set up teens’ accounts in a way that makes them safer but also can help with overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, TikTok has started setting all users under age 18 to a screen time limit of 60 minutes each day. When they reach that limit, the app prompts them to enter a passcode if they want to keep watching, “requiring them to make an active decision to extend that time,” the company explained in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Instagram, teens can turn on notifications that urge them to “take a break” after a certain amount of scrolling. The app will also “suggest that they set reminders to take more breaks in the future,” Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram, \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/raising-the-standard-for-protecting-teens-and-supporting-parents-online\">noted \u003c/a>in December 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 5: Enrich your 3D life\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This one is huge. And it comes from Alassane Sow, 20, who’s studying environmental microbiology at Michigan State University. He and many other young people notice that they use social media when they’re bored (or stressed and need a distraction).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people have a sort of shame when they see that they have 10 hours of screen time a day, and they don’t like that,” Sow explains. “But they don’t have anything else to do — or they feel like they don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sow saw this in himself. “At some point, I realized that I couldn’t sit down for five minutes in my own space without looking at my phone for some sort of stimulus. That’s when I noticed, like, something was off,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he went out and started to find \u003cem>other \u003c/em>hobbies that don’t use his phone. He even has a special name for this: long-format entertainment. These are activities that take time to complete, such as reading a book, or drawing a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These activities make sure my brain isn’t only entertained by short videos and stuff like that,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I consciously plan to do them — instead of being on my phone, I say to myself, ‘I’m going to read a chapter of this book today or I’m going to go see my friends — that’s my favorite thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists, psychiatrists and therapists agree wholeheartedly with Sow. Reinvigorating your life offline is critical to healthy social media usage. Then cutting down social media becomes much easier. You don’t have to accept boredom offline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a big believer in passion in your life,” explains therapist Bob Keane at Walden Behavioral Care. “What do you really like to learn? What gets you really excited besides your phone? And that’s, I think, what we really have to encourage kids to develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not sure where to get started finding a passion? Lembke’s Log Off project has a whole series of projects and challenges to try, from dipping your toe into the 3D world to taking on big, long-term projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 6: Reach out to your parents for help — or if you’re a parent, get involved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This isn’t ironic or a joke. Teenagers say over and over again that they want their parents to help them regulate their social media use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t want parents to rip the phone away or be controlling or bossy. And they definitely don’t want to feel judged or shamed for their social media use. But they want parents to listen empathetically, offer gentle advice and set up guard rails. Even some rules. They want help learning to manage their device themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to prevent addiction and manage digital wellbeing, it is important for parents to set boundaries for their children/teenagers,” writes recent high school graduate Keegan Lee in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/post/a-message-from-gen-z-to-parents\">blog post\u003c/a> on Log Off, called “A Message from Gen Z to Parents.” Lee describes how to talk to teens about their usage and gives some ideas for how to set up rules, including “Try to keep tech out of the bedroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children may not like this suggestion,” she continues, “however, explain to them the purpose of the bedroom is used to rest and recharge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Lee suggests setting clear consequences and punishments when kids violate tech rules. And “revisit the rules frequently,” she writes. If parents don’t help kids manage their screen use, she explains, no one else will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keane at Walden Behavioral Care says teenagers in his support group told him the same idea. “The kids were pretty clear to us that they need help,” he says. “They need help figuring out ways to be able to manage this because they told us, clearly, ‘We can’t do it by ourselves.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the rules need to apply to the whole family, including the parents themselves. “For example, if you have a family dinner, no one has a device at the table,” Keane suggests. “If a parent is driving your adolescent to a game or a practice … the parent can say, ‘If you’re going to want me to drive you, you’re not on your phone, you’re talking to me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is simple but critical: Get kids back in the habit of socializing face-to-face. Because unlike online interactions, talking to other humans in person “is the glue of genuine human connection,” says therapist Kameron Mendes, who works with Keane at Walden Behavioral Center. And it’s time to replenish that glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adolescence is when kids start to become their own people in the world,” Mendes adds. “They try on finding friends, connecting with other people and connecting with other types of values and ideas. For that process to take hold and flourish, we really need to restore some level of human connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Teens+say+social+media+is+stressing+them+out.+Here%27s+how+to+help+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61671/teens-say-social-media-is-stressing-them-out-heres-how-to-help-them","authors":["byline_mindshift_61671"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21280","mindshift_21385","mindshift_20874"],"tags":["mindshift_20865","mindshift_30","mindshift_20925","mindshift_20624","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_61672","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61126":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61126","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61126","score":null,"sort":[1677437594000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-to-help-young-people-limit-screen-time-and-improve-their-body-image","title":"How to help young people limit screen time — and improve their body image","publishDate":1677437594,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>U.S. teens spend more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/8-18-census-integrated-report-final-web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eight hours a day\u003c/a> on screens, and there's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/16/1157180971/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing concern\u003c/a> over how social media may affect their mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/ppm-ppm0000460.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study, published Thursday\u003c/a> by the American Psychological Association, validates what some parents have experienced when their teenagers cut back: They seem to feel better about themselves. I've seen this in my own kids when they return from summer camp, where phones are not allowed. They seem more at ease and less moody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media can feel like a comparison trap, says study author \u003ca href=\"https://mccallmacbainscholars.org/bio/helen-thai/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Helen Thai\u003c/a>, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research arose from her own personal experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself,\" Thai says. Scrolling through posts from celebrities and influencers, as well as peers and people in her own social network, led to feelings of inferiority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They looked prettier, healthier, more fit,\" Thai says. She was well aware that social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether slashing time on social media platforms including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat would improve body image. They recruited a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25, all of whom had experienced symptoms of anxiety or depression — which could make them vulnerable to the effects of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the participants were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks, Thai says. The other half continued to use social media with no restrictions, which averaged about three hours per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, that included statements such as \"I'm pretty happy about the way I look,\" and \"I am satisfied with my weight.\" Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. This may seem like a small change, but any shift in such a short period of time is striking, the authors say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This randomized controlled trial showed promising results that weight and appearance esteem can improve when people cut back on social media use,\" wrote psychologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=41225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrea Graham\u003c/a>, co-director of the\u003ca href=\"https://cbits.northwestern.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Center for Behavioral Intervention at Northwestern University\u003c/a>, who reviewed the results for NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham says it's encouraging that college students were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks. \"This provides some evidence that it may be feasible to engage this age group in reducing social media use,\" she says. Though this study included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression, Graham says it's worth evaluating this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. It's also possible the benefits of cutting back could extend more broadly to anyone in this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media platforms are always evolving and \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/8-18-census-integrated-report-final-web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attracting young users\u003c/a>. \"The digital world is here to stay,\" says Thai. So, she says, the question becomes, \"how do we adapt to this new world in a way where it wouldn't negatively impact us or control us?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some ideas to try:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Curate your social media feed to limit content that makes you feel bad\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Instagram and TikTok are filled with idealized images of bodies. Filters can help people appear slimmer, more tan or wrinkle-free. \"The algorithm is pushing body-centric content to you because that's what sells,\" says Lexie Kite, co-author with her twin sister of \u003ca href=\"https://www.morethanabody.org/\">\u003cem>More Than a Body: Your Body is an Instrument, Not an Ornament\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. She says social media platforms can amplify harmful cultural messages — especially for girls and women — that they are most valued for their beauty and sex appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, it's up to the user to push back. \"Be incredibly mindful, as you scroll, of how each creator, each image, each account makes you feel,\" Kite says. If a post or story makes you feel uncomfortable or \u003cem>less-than\u003c/em>, make a choice to mute or unfollow. \"That's what I do,\" Kite says. \"You are the only one who can curate your feed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Schedule a one-day break from devices each week\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Artist and film-maker Tiffany Shlain says there's a power to unplugging one day a week. She turns off her devices every Friday evening, and takes a 24-hour break, that she now refers to as \"Tech Shabbat.\" She and her family started this tradition 13 years ago when her children were young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's something about that full day off each week that really resets me and each member of my family in a deep way,\" she says. And the irony of disconnecting from social media: \"It's the day I feel most connected to my family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's the author of \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.tiffanyshlain.com/24-6book__;!!Iwwt!WABsxQ05HTG7-7eHxrEVMQ3SUt0rlovbn8SkdmW6hMmkKVDY7hzMMjxwsxIblHnhLqcMMei3F40%24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>24/6: Giving up Screens One Day a Week to Get More Time, Creativity, and Connection\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and is currently working on a film about the adolescent brain. For teens, the weekend can result in fear of missing out – or FOMO. On social media, everyone can appear happy and popular, so it's hard not to compare. \"Comparison is the thief of joy,\" says Shlain — a quote she recently saw displayed by an artist friend. So Friday night can be a good time to turn it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. Turn off notifications and set limits on use of social media apps\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If your intention is to limit social media to an hour a day, start by tracking your time on each app. The iPhone has a \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/view-your-screen-time-summary-iph24dcd4fb8/ios\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">screen time tracker\u003c/a> that lets you know how much time you spend on apps and websites, as well as how often you pick up your device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smartphones allow you to set limits for individual apps to help with managing use,\" Thai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, you can turn off your social media notifications so they don't show up on your home screen. And set a daily downtime in your device settings. Thai says it comes down to goal setting, and then tracking your behavior to help keep yourself accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Use the time you were giving to social media to invest in real-life activities instead\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This may sound obvious, but seeing your friends on social media is not the same as spending time with them. So, make some plans to connect with friends in real life. The same goes for self-care. Thai says she's been taking a break from social media, which began as a New Year's resolution. \"I noticed less screen time meant more time for me to fit in other aspects of my life that I wanted to keep more consistent, like physical activity, reading, [and] listening to podcasts,\" says Thai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northwestern University's Graham has the same advice. Doing something fun can help improve your mental health, \"so cutting back on social media use \u003cem>and\u003c/em> doing something enjoyable may lead to a bonus benefit,\" Graham says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Connect with people who share your interests and values\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The world is filled with interesting people doing remarkable things. Social media can be a more positive place for teens or adults when you connect with people who share your interests and post inspiring ideas or stories. Kite says she unfollows people who make her feel uncomfortable, \"and I replace them with activists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's curated her feed to be a blend of humor and advocacy – connecting with like-minded people \"who are making fun of the sexist, objectifying media landscape we all live in,\" she says. \"It makes social media fun to use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kite likes content creators who are willing to show up on screen without a filter \"I love seeing that in my social media feed,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+to+help+young+people+limit+screen+time+%E2%80%94+and+feel+better+about+how+they+look&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New research found teens and young adults who even briefly cut time on social media gained self-esteem. Try these 5 tips to help them — and yourself — improve screen-life balance.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1677510164,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1367},"headData":{"title":"How to help young people limit screen time — and improve their body image | KQED","description":"New research found teens and young adults who even briefly cut time on social media gained self-esteem.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to help young people limit screen time — and improve their body image","datePublished":"2023-02-26T18:53:14.000Z","dateModified":"2023-02-27T15:02:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprImageCredit":"LA Johnson","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"1159099629","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1159099629&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/26/1159099629/teens-social-media-body-image?ft=nprml&f=1159099629","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 27 Feb 2023 08:12:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 26 Feb 2023 05:01:10 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 27 Feb 2023 05:42:42 -0500","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/02/20230227_me_how_to_help_young_people_limit_screen_time_and_feel_better_about_how_they_look.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=265&p=3&story=1159099629&ft=nprml&f=1159099629","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11159630299-46266f.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=265&p=3&story=1159099629&ft=nprml&f=1159099629","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61126/how-to-help-young-people-limit-screen-time-and-improve-their-body-image","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/02/20230227_me_how_to_help_young_people_limit_screen_time_and_feel_better_about_how_they_look.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=265&p=3&story=1159099629&ft=nprml&f=1159099629","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. teens spend more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/8-18-census-integrated-report-final-web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eight hours a day\u003c/a> on screens, and there's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/16/1157180971/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing concern\u003c/a> over how social media may affect their mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/ppm-ppm0000460.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study, published Thursday\u003c/a> by the American Psychological Association, validates what some parents have experienced when their teenagers cut back: They seem to feel better about themselves. I've seen this in my own kids when they return from summer camp, where phones are not allowed. They seem more at ease and less moody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media can feel like a comparison trap, says study author \u003ca href=\"https://mccallmacbainscholars.org/bio/helen-thai/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Helen Thai\u003c/a>, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. Her research found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens and young adults feel better about their body image and their appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research arose from her own personal experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself,\" Thai says. Scrolling through posts from celebrities and influencers, as well as peers and people in her own social network, led to feelings of inferiority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They looked prettier, healthier, more fit,\" Thai says. She was well aware that social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether slashing time on social media platforms including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat would improve body image. They recruited a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25, all of whom had experienced symptoms of anxiety or depression — which could make them vulnerable to the effects of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of the participants were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks, Thai says. The other half continued to use social media with no restrictions, which averaged about three hours per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, that included statements such as \"I'm pretty happy about the way I look,\" and \"I am satisfied with my weight.\" Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. This may seem like a small change, but any shift in such a short period of time is striking, the authors say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This randomized controlled trial showed promising results that weight and appearance esteem can improve when people cut back on social media use,\" wrote psychologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=41225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrea Graham\u003c/a>, co-director of the\u003ca href=\"https://cbits.northwestern.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Center for Behavioral Intervention at Northwestern University\u003c/a>, who reviewed the results for NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham says it's encouraging that college students were willing to cut back screen time, even for three weeks. \"This provides some evidence that it may be feasible to engage this age group in reducing social media use,\" she says. Though this study included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression, Graham says it's worth evaluating this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. It's also possible the benefits of cutting back could extend more broadly to anyone in this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media platforms are always evolving and \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/8-18-census-integrated-report-final-web_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attracting young users\u003c/a>. \"The digital world is here to stay,\" says Thai. So, she says, the question becomes, \"how do we adapt to this new world in a way where it wouldn't negatively impact us or control us?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some ideas to try:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Curate your social media feed to limit content that makes you feel bad\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Instagram and TikTok are filled with idealized images of bodies. Filters can help people appear slimmer, more tan or wrinkle-free. \"The algorithm is pushing body-centric content to you because that's what sells,\" says Lexie Kite, co-author with her twin sister of \u003ca href=\"https://www.morethanabody.org/\">\u003cem>More Than a Body: Your Body is an Instrument, Not an Ornament\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. She says social media platforms can amplify harmful cultural messages — especially for girls and women — that they are most valued for their beauty and sex appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, it's up to the user to push back. \"Be incredibly mindful, as you scroll, of how each creator, each image, each account makes you feel,\" Kite says. If a post or story makes you feel uncomfortable or \u003cem>less-than\u003c/em>, make a choice to mute or unfollow. \"That's what I do,\" Kite says. \"You are the only one who can curate your feed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Schedule a one-day break from devices each week\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Artist and film-maker Tiffany Shlain says there's a power to unplugging one day a week. She turns off her devices every Friday evening, and takes a 24-hour break, that she now refers to as \"Tech Shabbat.\" She and her family started this tradition 13 years ago when her children were young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's something about that full day off each week that really resets me and each member of my family in a deep way,\" she says. And the irony of disconnecting from social media: \"It's the day I feel most connected to my family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's the author of \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.tiffanyshlain.com/24-6book__;!!Iwwt!WABsxQ05HTG7-7eHxrEVMQ3SUt0rlovbn8SkdmW6hMmkKVDY7hzMMjxwsxIblHnhLqcMMei3F40%24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>24/6: Giving up Screens One Day a Week to Get More Time, Creativity, and Connection\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and is currently working on a film about the adolescent brain. For teens, the weekend can result in fear of missing out – or FOMO. On social media, everyone can appear happy and popular, so it's hard not to compare. \"Comparison is the thief of joy,\" says Shlain — a quote she recently saw displayed by an artist friend. So Friday night can be a good time to turn it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. Turn off notifications and set limits on use of social media apps\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If your intention is to limit social media to an hour a day, start by tracking your time on each app. The iPhone has a \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/view-your-screen-time-summary-iph24dcd4fb8/ios\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">screen time tracker\u003c/a> that lets you know how much time you spend on apps and websites, as well as how often you pick up your device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smartphones allow you to set limits for individual apps to help with managing use,\" Thai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, you can turn off your social media notifications so they don't show up on your home screen. And set a daily downtime in your device settings. Thai says it comes down to goal setting, and then tracking your behavior to help keep yourself accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Use the time you were giving to social media to invest in real-life activities instead\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This may sound obvious, but seeing your friends on social media is not the same as spending time with them. So, make some plans to connect with friends in real life. The same goes for self-care. Thai says she's been taking a break from social media, which began as a New Year's resolution. \"I noticed less screen time meant more time for me to fit in other aspects of my life that I wanted to keep more consistent, like physical activity, reading, [and] listening to podcasts,\" says Thai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northwestern University's Graham has the same advice. Doing something fun can help improve your mental health, \"so cutting back on social media use \u003cem>and\u003c/em> doing something enjoyable may lead to a bonus benefit,\" Graham says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. Connect with people who share your interests and values\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The world is filled with interesting people doing remarkable things. Social media can be a more positive place for teens or adults when you connect with people who share your interests and post inspiring ideas or stories. Kite says she unfollows people who make her feel uncomfortable, \"and I replace them with activists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's curated her feed to be a blend of humor and advocacy – connecting with like-minded people \"who are making fun of the sexist, objectifying media landscape we all live in,\" she says. \"It makes social media fun to use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kite likes content creators who are willing to show up on screen without a filter \"I love seeing that in my social media feed,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+to+help+young+people+limit+screen+time+%E2%80%94+and+feel+better+about+how+they+look&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61126/how-to-help-young-people-limit-screen-time-and-improve-their-body-image","authors":["byline_mindshift_61126"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21280"],"tags":["mindshift_21093","mindshift_20811","mindshift_21561","mindshift_21473","mindshift_20865","mindshift_20816","mindshift_21562","mindshift_30","mindshift_21159","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_61127","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_61026":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_61026","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"61026","score":null,"sort":[1676602854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains","title":"10 things to know about how social media affects teens' brains","publishDate":1676602854,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> by dialing or texting 9-8-8.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>The statistics are sobering. In the past year, nearly 1 in 3 teen girls reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/13/1156663966/teen-girls-and-lgbtq-youth-plagued-by-violence-and-trauma-survey-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seriously considering suicide\u003c/a>. One in 5 teens identifying as LGBTQ+ say they attempted suicide in that time. Between 2009 and 2019, depression rates doubled for all teens. And that was \u003cem>before\u003c/em> the COVID-19 pandemic. The question is: \u003cem>Why now\u003c/em>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our brains, our bodies, and our society have been evolving together to shape human development for millennia... Within the last twenty years, the advent of portable technology and social media platforms is changing what took 60,000 years to evolve,\" Mitch Prinstein, the chief science officer at the American Psychological Association (APA), told the Senate Judiciary Committee this week. \"We are just beginning to understand how this may impact youth development.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prinstein's \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2023-02-14%20-%20Testimony%20-%20Prinstein.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22-page testimony\u003c/a>, along with dozens of useful footnotes, offers some much-needed clarity about the role social media may play in contributing to this teen mental health crisis. For you busy parents, caregivers and educators out there, we've distilled it down to 10 useful takeaways:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Social interaction is key to every child's growth and development.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Humans are social creatures, and we learn through social interaction. In fact, said Prinstein, \"numerous studies have revealed that children's interactions with peers have enduring effects on their occupational status, salary, relationship success, emotional development, mental health, and even on physical health and mortality over 40 years later. These effects are stronger than the effects of children's IQ, socioeconomic status, and educational attainment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This helps explain why social media platforms have grown so big in a relatively short period of time. But is the kind of social interaction they offer \u003cem>healthy\u003c/em>?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Social media platforms often traffic in the wrong kind of social interaction.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What's the right kind, you ask? According to Prinstein, it's interactions and relationship-building \"characterized by support, emotional intimacy, disclosure, positive regard, reliable alliance (e.g., 'having each other's backs'), and trust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is, social media platforms often (though not always) emphasize metrics over the \u003cem>humans \u003c/em>behind the \"likes\" and \"followers,\" which can lead teens to simply post things about themselves, true or not, that they hope will draw the most attention. And these cycles, Prinstein warned, \"create the exact opposite qualities needed for successful and adaptive relationships (i.e., disingenuous, anonymous, depersonalized). In other words, social media offers the 'empty calories of social interaction,' that appear to help satiate our biological and psychological needs, but do not contain any of the healthy ingredients necessary to reap benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, research has found that social media can actually \u003ca>make some teens feel lonelier.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. It's not all bad.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The APA's chief science officer made clear, social media and the study of it are both too young to arrive at many conclusions with absolute certainty. In fact, when used properly, social media can feed teens' need for social connection in healthy ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Research suggests that young people form and maintain friendships online. These relationships often afford opportunities to interact with a more diverse peer group than offline, and the relationships are close and meaningful and provide important support to youth in times of stress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, Prinstein pointed out, for many marginalized teens, \"digital platforms provide an important space for self-discovery and expression\" and can help them forge meaningful relationships that may buffer and protect them from the effects of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Adolescence is a \"developmentally vulnerable period\" when teens crave social rewards – without the ability to restrain themselves.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>That's because, as children enter puberty, the areas of the brain \"associated with our craving for 'social rewards,' such as visibility, attention, and positive feedback from peers\" tend to develop well before the bits of the brain \"involved in our ability to inhibit our behavior, and resist temptations,\" Prinstein said. Social media platforms that reward teens with \"likes\" and new \"followers\" can trigger and feed that craving.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. \"Likes\" can make bad behavior look good.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hollywood has long grappled with parent groups who worry that violent or overly sexualized movies can have a negative effect on teen behavior. Well, similar fears, about teens witnessing bad behavior on social media, might be well-founded. But it's complicated. Check this out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Research examining adolescents' brains while on a simulated social media site, for example, revealed that when exposed to illegal, dangerous imagery, activation of the prefrontal cortex was observed suggesting healthy inhibition towards maladaptive behaviors,\" Prinstein told lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, that's good. The prefrontal cortex helps us make smart (and safe) decisions. Hooray for the prefrontal cortex! Here's the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prinstein said, when teens viewed these same illegal and/or dangerous behaviors on social media alongside icons suggesting they'd been \"liked\" by others, the part of the brain that keeps us safe stopped working as well, \"suggesting that the 'likes' may reduce youths' inhibition (i.e., perhaps increasing their proclivity) towards dangerous and illegal behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, bad behavior feels bad... until other people start liking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. Social media can also make \"psychologically disordered behavior\" look good.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prinstein spoke specifically about sites or accounts that promote eating disordered behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury, like self-cutting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Research indicates that this content has proliferated on social media sites, not only depicting these behaviors, but teaching young people how to engage in each, how to conceal these behaviors from adults, actively encouraging users to engage in these behaviors, and socially sanctioning those who express a desire for less risky behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>7. Extreme social media use can look a lot like addiction.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"Regions of the brain activated by social media use overlap considerably with the regions involved in addictions to illegal and dangerous substances,\" Prinstein told lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited a litany of research that says, excessive social media use in teens often manifests some of the same symptoms of more traditional addictions, in part because teen brains just don't have the kind of self-control toolbox that adults do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>8. The threat of online bullying is real.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prinstein warned lawmakers that \"victimization, harassment, and discrimination against racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minorities is frequent online and often targeted at young people. LGBTQ+ youth experience a heightened level of bullying, threats, and self-harm on social media.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And online bullying can take a terrible physical toll, Prinstein said: \"Brain scans of adults and youths reveal that online harassment activates the same regions of the brain that respond to physical pain and trigger a cascade of reactions that replicate physical assault and create physical and mental health damage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/yv/bullying-suicide-translation-final-a.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, \"youth who report any involvement with bullying behavior are more likely to report high levels of suicide-related behavior than youth who do not report any involvement with bullying behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/13/nyregion/nj-teen-suicide-bullying-school.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 14-year-old New Jersey girl took her own life\u003c/a> after she was attacked by fellow students at school and a video of the assault was posted on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>9. It's hard not to compare yourself to what you see in social media.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even adults feel it. We go onto social media and compare ourselves to everyone else out there, from the sunsets in our vacation pics to our waistlines – but \u003cem>especially\u003c/em> our waistlines and how we look, or feel we \u003cem>should \u003c/em>look, based on who's getting \"likes\" and who's not. For teens, the impacts of such comparisons can be amplified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Psychological science demonstrates that exposure to this online content is associated with lower self-image and distorted body perceptions among young people. This exposure creates strong risk factors for eating disorders, unhealthy weight-management behaviors, and depression,\" Prinstein testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>10. Sleep is more important than those \"likes.\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Research suggests more than half of adolescents are on screens right before bedtime, and that can keep them from getting the sleep they need. Not only is poor sleep linked to all sorts of downsides, including poor mental health symptoms, poor performance in school and trouble regulating stress, \"inconsistent sleep schedules are associated with changes in structural brain development in adolescent years. In other words, youths' preoccupation with technology and social media may deleteriously affect the size of their brains,\" Prinstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348780034/nicole-cohen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nicole Cohen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nVisual design and development by: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348775569/la-johnson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>LA Johnson \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=10+things+to+know+about+how+social+media+affects+teens%27+brains&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Eye-opening testimony from a top scientist offers a useful primer on the role social media may play in the teen mental health crisis. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1676602854,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1426},"headData":{"title":"10 things to know about how social media affects teens' brains | KQED","description":"Eye-opening testimony from a top scientist offers a useful primer on the role social media may play in the teen mental health crisis.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"10 things to know about how social media affects teens' brains","datePublished":"2023-02-17T03:00:54.000Z","dateModified":"2023-02-17T03:00:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprByline":"Cory Turner","nprImageAgency":"Tracy J. Lee for NPR","nprStoryId":"1157180971","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1157180971&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/16/1157180971/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains?ft=nprml&f=1157180971","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 16 Feb 2023 12:01:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 16 Feb 2023 12:01:01 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 16 Feb 2023 12:01:01 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61026/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> by dialing or texting 9-8-8.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>The statistics are sobering. In the past year, nearly 1 in 3 teen girls reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/13/1156663966/teen-girls-and-lgbtq-youth-plagued-by-violence-and-trauma-survey-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seriously considering suicide\u003c/a>. One in 5 teens identifying as LGBTQ+ say they attempted suicide in that time. Between 2009 and 2019, depression rates doubled for all teens. And that was \u003cem>before\u003c/em> the COVID-19 pandemic. The question is: \u003cem>Why now\u003c/em>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our brains, our bodies, and our society have been evolving together to shape human development for millennia... Within the last twenty years, the advent of portable technology and social media platforms is changing what took 60,000 years to evolve,\" Mitch Prinstein, the chief science officer at the American Psychological Association (APA), told the Senate Judiciary Committee this week. \"We are just beginning to understand how this may impact youth development.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prinstein's \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2023-02-14%20-%20Testimony%20-%20Prinstein.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22-page testimony\u003c/a>, along with dozens of useful footnotes, offers some much-needed clarity about the role social media may play in contributing to this teen mental health crisis. For you busy parents, caregivers and educators out there, we've distilled it down to 10 useful takeaways:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Social interaction is key to every child's growth and development.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Humans are social creatures, and we learn through social interaction. In fact, said Prinstein, \"numerous studies have revealed that children's interactions with peers have enduring effects on their occupational status, salary, relationship success, emotional development, mental health, and even on physical health and mortality over 40 years later. These effects are stronger than the effects of children's IQ, socioeconomic status, and educational attainment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This helps explain why social media platforms have grown so big in a relatively short period of time. But is the kind of social interaction they offer \u003cem>healthy\u003c/em>?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. Social media platforms often traffic in the wrong kind of social interaction.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What's the right kind, you ask? According to Prinstein, it's interactions and relationship-building \"characterized by support, emotional intimacy, disclosure, positive regard, reliable alliance (e.g., 'having each other's backs'), and trust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is, social media platforms often (though not always) emphasize metrics over the \u003cem>humans \u003c/em>behind the \"likes\" and \"followers,\" which can lead teens to simply post things about themselves, true or not, that they hope will draw the most attention. And these cycles, Prinstein warned, \"create the exact opposite qualities needed for successful and adaptive relationships (i.e., disingenuous, anonymous, depersonalized). In other words, social media offers the 'empty calories of social interaction,' that appear to help satiate our biological and psychological needs, but do not contain any of the healthy ingredients necessary to reap benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, research has found that social media can actually \u003ca>make some teens feel lonelier.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>3. It's not all bad.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The APA's chief science officer made clear, social media and the study of it are both too young to arrive at many conclusions with absolute certainty. In fact, when used properly, social media can feed teens' need for social connection in healthy ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Research suggests that young people form and maintain friendships online. These relationships often afford opportunities to interact with a more diverse peer group than offline, and the relationships are close and meaningful and provide important support to youth in times of stress.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, Prinstein pointed out, for many marginalized teens, \"digital platforms provide an important space for self-discovery and expression\" and can help them forge meaningful relationships that may buffer and protect them from the effects of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. Adolescence is a \"developmentally vulnerable period\" when teens crave social rewards – without the ability to restrain themselves.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>That's because, as children enter puberty, the areas of the brain \"associated with our craving for 'social rewards,' such as visibility, attention, and positive feedback from peers\" tend to develop well before the bits of the brain \"involved in our ability to inhibit our behavior, and resist temptations,\" Prinstein said. Social media platforms that reward teens with \"likes\" and new \"followers\" can trigger and feed that craving.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. \"Likes\" can make bad behavior look good.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hollywood has long grappled with parent groups who worry that violent or overly sexualized movies can have a negative effect on teen behavior. Well, similar fears, about teens witnessing bad behavior on social media, might be well-founded. But it's complicated. Check this out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Research examining adolescents' brains while on a simulated social media site, for example, revealed that when exposed to illegal, dangerous imagery, activation of the prefrontal cortex was observed suggesting healthy inhibition towards maladaptive behaviors,\" Prinstein told lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, that's good. The prefrontal cortex helps us make smart (and safe) decisions. Hooray for the prefrontal cortex! Here's the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prinstein said, when teens viewed these same illegal and/or dangerous behaviors on social media alongside icons suggesting they'd been \"liked\" by others, the part of the brain that keeps us safe stopped working as well, \"suggesting that the 'likes' may reduce youths' inhibition (i.e., perhaps increasing their proclivity) towards dangerous and illegal behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, bad behavior feels bad... until other people start liking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. Social media can also make \"psychologically disordered behavior\" look good.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prinstein spoke specifically about sites or accounts that promote eating disordered behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury, like self-cutting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Research indicates that this content has proliferated on social media sites, not only depicting these behaviors, but teaching young people how to engage in each, how to conceal these behaviors from adults, actively encouraging users to engage in these behaviors, and socially sanctioning those who express a desire for less risky behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>7. Extreme social media use can look a lot like addiction.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\"Regions of the brain activated by social media use overlap considerably with the regions involved in addictions to illegal and dangerous substances,\" Prinstein told lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited a litany of research that says, excessive social media use in teens often manifests some of the same symptoms of more traditional addictions, in part because teen brains just don't have the kind of self-control toolbox that adults do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>8. The threat of online bullying is real.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prinstein warned lawmakers that \"victimization, harassment, and discrimination against racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minorities is frequent online and often targeted at young people. LGBTQ+ youth experience a heightened level of bullying, threats, and self-harm on social media.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And online bullying can take a terrible physical toll, Prinstein said: \"Brain scans of adults and youths reveal that online harassment activates the same regions of the brain that respond to physical pain and trigger a cascade of reactions that replicate physical assault and create physical and mental health damage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/yv/bullying-suicide-translation-final-a.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>, \"youth who report any involvement with bullying behavior are more likely to report high levels of suicide-related behavior than youth who do not report any involvement with bullying behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/13/nyregion/nj-teen-suicide-bullying-school.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 14-year-old New Jersey girl took her own life\u003c/a> after she was attacked by fellow students at school and a video of the assault was posted on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>9. It's hard not to compare yourself to what you see in social media.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even adults feel it. We go onto social media and compare ourselves to everyone else out there, from the sunsets in our vacation pics to our waistlines – but \u003cem>especially\u003c/em> our waistlines and how we look, or feel we \u003cem>should \u003c/em>look, based on who's getting \"likes\" and who's not. For teens, the impacts of such comparisons can be amplified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Psychological science demonstrates that exposure to this online content is associated with lower self-image and distorted body perceptions among young people. This exposure creates strong risk factors for eating disorders, unhealthy weight-management behaviors, and depression,\" Prinstein testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>10. Sleep is more important than those \"likes.\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Research suggests more than half of adolescents are on screens right before bedtime, and that can keep them from getting the sleep they need. Not only is poor sleep linked to all sorts of downsides, including poor mental health symptoms, poor performance in school and trouble regulating stress, \"inconsistent sleep schedules are associated with changes in structural brain development in adolescent years. In other words, youths' preoccupation with technology and social media may deleteriously affect the size of their brains,\" Prinstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Edited by: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348780034/nicole-cohen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nicole Cohen\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nVisual design and development by: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/348775569/la-johnson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>LA Johnson \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=10+things+to+know+about+how+social+media+affects+teens%27+brains&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61026/10-things-to-know-about-how-social-media-affects-teens-brains","authors":["byline_mindshift_61026"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21280","mindshift_21385","mindshift_20874"],"tags":["mindshift_21093","mindshift_767","mindshift_21339","mindshift_46","mindshift_30","mindshift_21159"],"featImg":"mindshift_61027","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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