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And as she grew older, another craving set in: cartoons on my computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every night, when it was time to turn off the screen and get ready for bed, I would hear an endless stream of “But Mamas.” “But Mama, just five more minutes. But Mama, after this one show … but Mama … but Mama … but Mama.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these intense reactions to screens and sweets, I assumed that my daughter loves them. Like, \u003cem>really \u003c/em>loves them. I assumed that they brought her immense joy and pleasure. And thus, I felt really guilty about taking these pleasures away from her. (To be honest, I feel the same way about my own “addictions,” like checking social media and email more than a hundred times a day. I do that because they give me pleasure, right?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if those assumptions are wrong? What if my daughter’s reactions aren’t a sign of \u003cem>loving \u003c/em>the activity or the food? And that, in fact, over time she may even come to dislike these activities despite her pleas to continue?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years, neuroscientists have started to better understand what’s going on in kids’ brains (and adult brains, too) while they’re streaming cartoons, playing video games, scrolling through social media, and eating rich, sugar-laden foods. And that understanding offers powerful insights into how parents can better manage and limit these activities. Personally, I call the strategy “anti-dopamine parenting” because the ideas come from learning how to counter a tiny, powerful molecule that’s essential to nearly everything we do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, smartphones and sugary foods do have something in common with drugs: They trigger surges of a neurotransmitter\u003ca href=\"https://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_03/a_03_cl/a_03_cl_que/a_03_cl_que.html\"> deep inside your brain\u003c/a> called dopamine. Although drugs cause much bigger spikes of dopamine than, say, social media or an ice cream cone, these smaller spikes still influence our behavior, especially in the long run. They shape our habits, our diets, our mental health and how we spend our free time. They can also cause much conflict between parents and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>This is your child’s brain on cartoons (or video games or cupcakes)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dopamine is a part of an ancient neural pathway that’s critical for keeping us alive. “These mechanisms evolved in our brain to draw us to things that are essential to our survival. So water, safety, social interactions, sex, food,” says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, scientists thought dopamine drew us to these vital needs by providing us with something that’s not as critical: pleasure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this idea, especially in the popular media, that dopamine increases pleasure. That, when dopamine levels increase, you feel the sensation of ‘liking’ whatever you’re doing and savoring this pleasure,” Samaha says. Pop psychology has dubbed dopamine the “molecule of happiness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past decade, research indicates dopamine does \u003cem>not \u003c/em>make you feel happy. “In fact, there’s a lot of data to refute the idea that dopamine is mediating pleasure,” says Samaha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, studies now show that \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27977239/\">dopamine primarily generates\u003c/a> another feeling: desire. “Dopamine makes you \u003cem>want \u003c/em>things,” Samaha says. A surge of dopamine in your brain makes you seek out something, she explains. Or continue doing what you’re doing. It’s all about motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it goes even further: Dopamine tells your brain to pay particular attention to whatever triggers the surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s alerting you to something important, Samaha says. “So you should stay here, close to this thing, because there’s something here for you to learn. That’s what dopamine does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s the surprising part: You might not even \u003cem>like \u003c/em>the activity that triggers the dopamine surge. It might not be pleasurable. “That’s relatively irrelevant to dopamine,” Samaha says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, studies show that over time, people can end up \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407959/\">\u003cem>not \u003c/em>liking the activities\u003c/a> that trigger big surges in dopamine. “If you talk to people who spend a lot of time shopping online or, going through social media, they don’t necessarily feel good after doing it,” Samaha says. “In fact, there’s a lot of evidence that it’s quite the opposite, that you end up feeling worse after than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“A hijacked neural pathway”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What does this all mean for your kids? Say my daughter, who’s now 7 years old, is watching cartoons after dinner. While she’s staring into the technicolor images, her brain experiences spikes in dopamine, over and over again. Those spikes keep her watching (even if she’s actually really tired and \u003cem>wants \u003c/em>to go to bed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then I come into the room and say, “Time’s up, Rosy. Close the app and get ready for bed.” And although\u003cem> I’m\u003c/em> ready for Rosy to quit watching, her brain isn’t. It’s telling her the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dopamine levels are still high,” Samaha explains. “And what does dopamine do? It tells you something important is happening, and there’s a need somewhere that you have to answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what am I doing? I’m preventing her from fulfilling this need, which her brain may elevate as being critical to her survival. In other words, a neural pathway made to ensure humans go seek out water when they’re thirsty is now being used to keep my 7-year-old watching yet another episode of a cartoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not finishing this “critical” task can be incredibly frustrating for a kid, Samaha says, and “an agitation arises.” The child may feel irritated, restless, possibly enraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the spike in dopamine holds a child’s attention so strongly, parents are setting themselves up for a fight when they try to get them to do any other activity that triggers smaller spikes, such as helping parents clean up after dinner, finishing homework or playing outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I tell parents, ‘It’s not you versus your child, but rather it’s you versus a hijacked neural pathway. It’s the dopamine you’re fighting. And that’s not a fair fight,'” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/about-emily\">Emily Cherkin\u003c/a>, who spent more than a decade teaching middle school and now coaches parents about screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This response can happen to children at any age, even toddlers, says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/anna-lembke\">Anna Lembke\u003c/a>, who’s a psychiatrist at Stanford University and author of the book \u003cem>Dopamine Nation\u003c/em>. “Absolutely. This happens at the earliest ages. So screens and sweets are, in and of themselves, alluring and potentially intoxicating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with this knowledge, parents have more power to reduce the stress and negative consequences of these dopamine-surging activities. Here are some strategies to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 1: Wait 5 minutes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dopamine surges are potent, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://lsa.umich.edu/psych/people/faculty/berridge.html\">Kent Berridge\u003c/a> at the University of Michigan, but they are fast. “They have a short half-life,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take away the cue [triggering the dopamine] and you can wait two to five minutes, a lot of the urge usually goes away,” says Berridge, who’s been instrumental in deciphering dopamine’s role in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, when you stop the cartoons at 30 minutes or cut off the cake at one slice, you may hear a bunch of whining, protest and tears, but that reaction will likely be brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the key. You have to put the dopamine trigger out of sight, says Lembke at Stanford. Because seeing the laptop or extra leftover cake can start the cycle of wanting over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 2: Look for the “Goldilocks” activities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all of these activities and foods will be as enticing or intoxicating to every child, Lembke explains. “Our brains are all wired a little bit differently from one individual to the next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, dopamine motivates children to act and stay focused. The key, she says, is to figure out which activities give your child the right amount of dopamine. Not too little and not too much — the Goldilocks amount. And to do that, she says, pay attention to how your kid feels after the activity stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the child feels even better after the activity, that means we’re getting a healthy source of dopamine,” Lembke says. Not too little. But also not too much. And there’s low risk the activity will become problematic for the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, my daughter doesn’t have (much of) a problem turning off audiobooks or putting away art projects. Same goes for video-calling with friends, coloring, reading and, of course, playing outside with friends. These activities make her behavior better afterward, not worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about the opposite — when a child feels worse after an activity or snack, and their behavior declines? Then, Lembke says, there’s a high risk that the activity could hook the child into a compulsive loop. “Once they start engaging often and for long periods of time, they may really lose control,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have this idea that, ‘Oh, well, if I let my kid play as many video games as they want or be on social media as much as they want, they’ll get tired of it.’ And in fact, the opposite happens,” Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research indicates that over time, some people’s brains can actually become \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5171207/\">more sensitive\u003c/a> to the dopamine triggered by a particular activity. And therefore, the more time a person spends engaged with this activity, the more they may crave it — even if the activity becomes unpleasurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Lembke says, parents really need to be careful and thoughtful with these activities. They need to limit the frequency and duration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to …\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 3: Make microenvironments\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Create places in your home where the child can’t access or see problematic devices, Lembke recommends. For example, have only one room in the house where children can use the phone or tablet. Keep these devices out of bedrooms, the kitchen, the dining room and the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, create times in your schedule where the child cannot see or access this device. Narrow down usage to only a small time each day, if possible. Or take a weekly “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/12/584389201/smartphone-detox-how-to-power-down-in-a-wired-world\">tech Sabbath\u003c/a>,” where everyone in the family takes a 24-hour break from their phones and tablets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for problematic foods, keep them out of the house. For example, the family eats ice cream only on special trips to the ice cream parlor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke calls these “microenvironments” — both physical and chronological. And they can have profound power over our brains, she says. “It’s amazing how when we know we can’t go on a device, the craving goes away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because here’s the tricky aspect of dopamine: Our brains can start to predict when dopamine spikes are imminent, Lembke explains. We identify signals in the environment that point to it. These environmental cues can actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325516/\">trigger \u003c/a>a surge of dopamine in the brain \u003cem>before \u003c/em>the child even begins eating or using a screen. These spikes can be larger than the ones experienced during the activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a child, a signal could be a tablet sitting on a shelf, walking into the living room where they usually use a device, or even simply the time of day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These environmental signals can make it tough, even painful, for kids to start breaking their habits, Lembke says. But that pain usually dissipates in a few days or weeks. Give children time to adjust.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 4: Try a habit makeover\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Instead of cutting out an activity altogether, look for a version that’s more purposeful, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://neurobiology.northwestern.edu/people/core-faculty/yevgenia-kozorovitskiy.html\">Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy\u003c/a> at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kozorovitskiy, who has two tween boys, ages 11 and 12, says prohibiting video games altogether isn’t realistic for her family. But she does think carefully about which games they’re playing. “They will sometimes want to play this adventure game that’s really complex and cognitively wonderful,” she explains. “It requires exploration, discovery and strategy. And they play it together, physically. They’re speaking about strategy, exchanging plans and using advanced social and language skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried this strategy with my daughter. One night we switched the cartoons for a language learning app. I told her that having an activity that’s more purposeful will actually be more pleasurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, she expressed great disappointment in this swap out, with tears and “But Mamas.” But I stayed strong and calm, and I waited. After a few minutes, just as Kent Berridge said, the craving seemed to pass even more quickly than I expected. She easily switched gears to learning a bit of Spanish each night — with very little fuss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I also started to put in place a piece of advice I heard from all the experts: Enrich your child’s life off the screens. We had a neighbor teach her how to crochet. As a family, we started going for more walks after dinner. We bought a new pet (or actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/28/1171721872/the-wonder-of-chickens-and-their-egg-song-made-me-a-better-person-and-parent\">15 new pets\u003c/a>) for her to take care of. And we started having more friends over on the weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And guess what happened? After using the language app for a few weeks, she lost interest in the screens altogether. She hasn’t watched a cartoon since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I’ll tell you this: I will think very carefully before introducing a new app, device or even a new dessert into our lives. The battle against dopamine is just too hard for me to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Anti-dopamine+parenting%27+can+curb+a+kid%27s+craving+for+screens+or+sweets&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dopamine is a part of our brain's survival mechanism. It is also part of why sugary foods and social media hook kids. The latest neuroscience can help parents help their kids manage behavior. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1687359061,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":54,"wordCount":2437},"headData":{"title":"'Anti-dopamine parenting' can curb a kid's craving for screens or sweets | KQED","description":"Dopamine is a part of our brain's survival mechanism. It is also part of why sugary foods and social media hook kids. The latest neuroscience can help parents help their kids manage behavior.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Dopamine is a part of our brain's survival mechanism. It is also part of why sugary foods and social media hook kids. The latest neuroscience can help parents help their kids manage behavior.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"'Anti-dopamine parenting' can curb a kid's craving for screens or sweets","datePublished":"2023-06-21T13:02:18.000Z","dateModified":"2023-06-21T14:51:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"nprImageCredit":"Meredith Miotke ","nprByline":"Michaeleen Doucleff","nprImageAgency":"for NPR","nprStoryId":"1180867083","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1180867083&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/06/12/1180867083/tips-to-outsmart-dopamine-unhook-kids-from-screens-sweets?ft=nprml&f=1180867083","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 12 Jun 2023 08:11:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 12 Jun 2023 05:00:32 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 12 Jun 2023 09:55:01 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/06/20230612_me_anti-dopamine_parenting_can_curb_a_kids_craving_for_screens_or_sweets.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=1176326550&d=380&p=3&story=1180867083&ft=nprml&f=1180867083","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11181638694-93b9a5.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=1176326550&d=380&p=3&story=1180867083&ft=nprml&f=1180867083","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61863/anti-dopamine-parenting-can-curb-a-kids-craving-for-screens-or-sweets","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/06/20230612_me_anti-dopamine_parenting_can_curb_a_kids_craving_for_screens_or_sweets.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&aggIds=1176326550&d=380&p=3&story=1180867083&ft=nprml&f=1180867083","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back when my daughter was a toddler, I would make a joke about my phone: “It’s a drug for her,” I’d say to my husband. “You can’t even \u003cem>show \u003c/em>it to her without causing a tantrum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had the same reaction to cupcakes and ice cream at birthday parties. And as she grew older, another craving set in: cartoons on my computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every night, when it was time to turn off the screen and get ready for bed, I would hear an endless stream of “But Mamas.” “But Mama, just five more minutes. But Mama, after this one show … but Mama … but Mama … but Mama.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these intense reactions to screens and sweets, I assumed that my daughter loves them. Like, \u003cem>really \u003c/em>loves them. I assumed that they brought her immense joy and pleasure. And thus, I felt really guilty about taking these pleasures away from her. (To be honest, I feel the same way about my own “addictions,” like checking social media and email more than a hundred times a day. I do that because they give me pleasure, right?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if those assumptions are wrong? What if my daughter’s reactions aren’t a sign of \u003cem>loving \u003c/em>the activity or the food? And that, in fact, over time she may even come to dislike these activities despite her pleas to continue?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years, neuroscientists have started to better understand what’s going on in kids’ brains (and adult brains, too) while they’re streaming cartoons, playing video games, scrolling through social media, and eating rich, sugar-laden foods. And that understanding offers powerful insights into how parents can better manage and limit these activities. Personally, I call the strategy “anti-dopamine parenting” because the ideas come from learning how to counter a tiny, powerful molecule that’s essential to nearly everything we do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, smartphones and sugary foods do have something in common with drugs: They trigger surges of a neurotransmitter\u003ca href=\"https://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_03/a_03_cl/a_03_cl_que/a_03_cl_que.html\"> deep inside your brain\u003c/a> called dopamine. Although drugs cause much bigger spikes of dopamine than, say, social media or an ice cream cone, these smaller spikes still influence our behavior, especially in the long run. They shape our habits, our diets, our mental health and how we spend our free time. They can also cause much conflict between parents and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>This is your child’s brain on cartoons (or video games or cupcakes)\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dopamine is a part of an ancient neural pathway that’s critical for keeping us alive. “These mechanisms evolved in our brain to draw us to things that are essential to our survival. So water, safety, social interactions, sex, food,” says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, scientists thought dopamine drew us to these vital needs by providing us with something that’s not as critical: pleasure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this idea, especially in the popular media, that dopamine increases pleasure. That, when dopamine levels increase, you feel the sensation of ‘liking’ whatever you’re doing and savoring this pleasure,” Samaha says. Pop psychology has dubbed dopamine the “molecule of happiness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past decade, research indicates dopamine does \u003cem>not \u003c/em>make you feel happy. “In fact, there’s a lot of data to refute the idea that dopamine is mediating pleasure,” says Samaha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, studies now show that \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27977239/\">dopamine primarily generates\u003c/a> another feeling: desire. “Dopamine makes you \u003cem>want \u003c/em>things,” Samaha says. A surge of dopamine in your brain makes you seek out something, she explains. Or continue doing what you’re doing. It’s all about motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it goes even further: Dopamine tells your brain to pay particular attention to whatever triggers the surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s alerting you to something important, Samaha says. “So you should stay here, close to this thing, because there’s something here for you to learn. That’s what dopamine does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s the surprising part: You might not even \u003cem>like \u003c/em>the activity that triggers the dopamine surge. It might not be pleasurable. “That’s relatively irrelevant to dopamine,” Samaha says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, studies show that over time, people can end up \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407959/\">\u003cem>not \u003c/em>liking the activities\u003c/a> that trigger big surges in dopamine. “If you talk to people who spend a lot of time shopping online or, going through social media, they don’t necessarily feel good after doing it,” Samaha says. “In fact, there’s a lot of evidence that it’s quite the opposite, that you end up feeling worse after than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“A hijacked neural pathway”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What does this all mean for your kids? Say my daughter, who’s now 7 years old, is watching cartoons after dinner. While she’s staring into the technicolor images, her brain experiences spikes in dopamine, over and over again. Those spikes keep her watching (even if she’s actually really tired and \u003cem>wants \u003c/em>to go to bed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then I come into the room and say, “Time’s up, Rosy. Close the app and get ready for bed.” And although\u003cem> I’m\u003c/em> ready for Rosy to quit watching, her brain isn’t. It’s telling her the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The dopamine levels are still high,” Samaha explains. “And what does dopamine do? It tells you something important is happening, and there’s a need somewhere that you have to answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what am I doing? I’m preventing her from fulfilling this need, which her brain may elevate as being critical to her survival. In other words, a neural pathway made to ensure humans go seek out water when they’re thirsty is now being used to keep my 7-year-old watching yet another episode of a cartoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not finishing this “critical” task can be incredibly frustrating for a kid, Samaha says, and “an agitation arises.” The child may feel irritated, restless, possibly enraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the spike in dopamine holds a child’s attention so strongly, parents are setting themselves up for a fight when they try to get them to do any other activity that triggers smaller spikes, such as helping parents clean up after dinner, finishing homework or playing outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I tell parents, ‘It’s not you versus your child, but rather it’s you versus a hijacked neural pathway. It’s the dopamine you’re fighting. And that’s not a fair fight,'” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/about-emily\">Emily Cherkin\u003c/a>, who spent more than a decade teaching middle school and now coaches parents about screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This response can happen to children at any age, even toddlers, says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/anna-lembke\">Anna Lembke\u003c/a>, who’s a psychiatrist at Stanford University and author of the book \u003cem>Dopamine Nation\u003c/em>. “Absolutely. This happens at the earliest ages. So screens and sweets are, in and of themselves, alluring and potentially intoxicating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with this knowledge, parents have more power to reduce the stress and negative consequences of these dopamine-surging activities. Here are some strategies to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 1: Wait 5 minutes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dopamine surges are potent, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://lsa.umich.edu/psych/people/faculty/berridge.html\">Kent Berridge\u003c/a> at the University of Michigan, but they are fast. “They have a short half-life,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take away the cue [triggering the dopamine] and you can wait two to five minutes, a lot of the urge usually goes away,” says Berridge, who’s been instrumental in deciphering dopamine’s role in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, when you stop the cartoons at 30 minutes or cut off the cake at one slice, you may hear a bunch of whining, protest and tears, but that reaction will likely be brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the key. You have to put the dopamine trigger out of sight, says Lembke at Stanford. Because seeing the laptop or extra leftover cake can start the cycle of wanting over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 2: Look for the “Goldilocks” activities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all of these activities and foods will be as enticing or intoxicating to every child, Lembke explains. “Our brains are all wired a little bit differently from one individual to the next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, dopamine motivates children to act and stay focused. The key, she says, is to figure out which activities give your child the right amount of dopamine. Not too little and not too much — the Goldilocks amount. And to do that, she says, pay attention to how your kid feels after the activity stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the child feels even better after the activity, that means we’re getting a healthy source of dopamine,” Lembke says. Not too little. But also not too much. And there’s low risk the activity will become problematic for the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, my daughter doesn’t have (much of) a problem turning off audiobooks or putting away art projects. Same goes for video-calling with friends, coloring, reading and, of course, playing outside with friends. These activities make her behavior better afterward, not worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about the opposite — when a child feels worse after an activity or snack, and their behavior declines? Then, Lembke says, there’s a high risk that the activity could hook the child into a compulsive loop. “Once they start engaging often and for long periods of time, they may really lose control,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have this idea that, ‘Oh, well, if I let my kid play as many video games as they want or be on social media as much as they want, they’ll get tired of it.’ And in fact, the opposite happens,” Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research indicates that over time, some people’s brains can actually become \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5171207/\">more sensitive\u003c/a> to the dopamine triggered by a particular activity. And therefore, the more time a person spends engaged with this activity, the more they may crave it — even if the activity becomes unpleasurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Lembke says, parents really need to be careful and thoughtful with these activities. They need to limit the frequency and duration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to …\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 3: Make microenvironments\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Create places in your home where the child can’t access or see problematic devices, Lembke recommends. For example, have only one room in the house where children can use the phone or tablet. Keep these devices out of bedrooms, the kitchen, the dining room and the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, create times in your schedule where the child cannot see or access this device. Narrow down usage to only a small time each day, if possible. Or take a weekly “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/12/584389201/smartphone-detox-how-to-power-down-in-a-wired-world\">tech Sabbath\u003c/a>,” where everyone in the family takes a 24-hour break from their phones and tablets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for problematic foods, keep them out of the house. For example, the family eats ice cream only on special trips to the ice cream parlor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke calls these “microenvironments” — both physical and chronological. And they can have profound power over our brains, she says. “It’s amazing how when we know we can’t go on a device, the craving goes away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because here’s the tricky aspect of dopamine: Our brains can start to predict when dopamine spikes are imminent, Lembke explains. We identify signals in the environment that point to it. These environmental cues can actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325516/\">trigger \u003c/a>a surge of dopamine in the brain \u003cem>before \u003c/em>the child even begins eating or using a screen. These spikes can be larger than the ones experienced during the activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a child, a signal could be a tablet sitting on a shelf, walking into the living room where they usually use a device, or even simply the time of day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These environmental signals can make it tough, even painful, for kids to start breaking their habits, Lembke says. But that pain usually dissipates in a few days or weeks. Give children time to adjust.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tip 4: Try a habit makeover\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Instead of cutting out an activity altogether, look for a version that’s more purposeful, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://neurobiology.northwestern.edu/people/core-faculty/yevgenia-kozorovitskiy.html\">Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy\u003c/a> at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kozorovitskiy, who has two tween boys, ages 11 and 12, says prohibiting video games altogether isn’t realistic for her family. But she does think carefully about which games they’re playing. “They will sometimes want to play this adventure game that’s really complex and cognitively wonderful,” she explains. “It requires exploration, discovery and strategy. And they play it together, physically. They’re speaking about strategy, exchanging plans and using advanced social and language skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried this strategy with my daughter. One night we switched the cartoons for a language learning app. I told her that having an activity that’s more purposeful will actually be more pleasurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yes, she expressed great disappointment in this swap out, with tears and “But Mamas.” But I stayed strong and calm, and I waited. After a few minutes, just as Kent Berridge said, the craving seemed to pass even more quickly than I expected. She easily switched gears to learning a bit of Spanish each night — with very little fuss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I also started to put in place a piece of advice I heard from all the experts: Enrich your child’s life off the screens. We had a neighbor teach her how to crochet. As a family, we started going for more walks after dinner. We bought a new pet (or actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/28/1171721872/the-wonder-of-chickens-and-their-egg-song-made-me-a-better-person-and-parent\">15 new pets\u003c/a>) for her to take care of. And we started having more friends over on the weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And guess what happened? After using the language app for a few weeks, she lost interest in the screens altogether. She hasn’t watched a cartoon since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I’ll tell you this: I will think very carefully before introducing a new app, device or even a new dessert into our lives. The battle against dopamine is just too hard for me to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Anti-dopamine+parenting%27+can+curb+a+kid%27s+craving+for+screens+or+sweets&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61863/anti-dopamine-parenting-can-curb-a-kids-craving-for-screens-or-sweets","authors":["byline_mindshift_61863"],"categories":["mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_21581","mindshift_21474","mindshift_767","mindshift_21678","mindshift_46","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21116","mindshift_20816","mindshift_21679"],"featImg":"mindshift_61864","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_60436":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_60436","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"60436","score":null,"sort":[1678845043000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family","title":"When parents practice good screen habits, it rubs off on the whole family","publishDate":1678845043,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpted from “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/647334/generation-sleepless-by-heather-turgeon-mft-and-julie-wright-mft-foreword-by-daniel-j-siegel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Sleepless”\u003c/a> (Penguin, 2022) by Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little kids and teenagers model their behaviors (often subconsciously) after their parents, so if your phone is an appendage and your attention is continually drawn to it, this behavior pattern is more likely to be adopted by your kids. When you practice basic boundaries and good screen habits, this also rubs off on the whole family. Not only that, it signifies to your teen that your own sleep and well-being are a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-60810 size-thumbnail alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/12/gen-sleepless-160x242.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\">Parents have room for improvement in this arena: the majority of parents say they sleep with a mobile device next to their bed, and about 1 in 4 say they wake up to check their phone in the night. If you ask children about their parents’ screen behaviors, many will express disdain for the phone and say their mom or dad is always on it, and it’s hard to get their attention. Half of adolescents say their parent or caregiver is distracted by their cell phone when they’re trying to have a conversation with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most parents are aware that babies and little kids need our attention, but we don’t appreciate how much teenagers do, too. They pick up on signs of distraction, like when our eyes are glued to a screen, when it takes many attempts to get our attention, or when we pick up our phones in every down moment as if the device is more interesting than the moment in front of us. It’s a huge relief to kids when we watch and listen. It makes them feel seen, validated, and understood. This is not just something we save for a big moment of “Hey, Mom, I need to talk to you.” Rather, teens pick up on our nuanced distraction all the time. In addition, if you regularly talk, text, and type in designations on your phone while you’re driving, your teen won’t take you seriously when you tell him how dangerous distracted driving is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony is that parents are much more likely to turn to their phone when a child is acting out or a teen is non-responsive or withdrawn, creating a further breakdown in communication when they need us most. In these difficult moments, it’s easier to retreat to our corners and not to deal with what’s going on under the surface. It makes perfect sense that our instinct is to distract ourselves from the reality of how hard these moments can feel, but as we grow the habit of escaping to our screens, we get rustier and rustier at effective communication with our kids. By not giving up and turning to your own devices, you are refusing to be influenced by a force, created by technology, that is carrying you further and further from your teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The antidote to this powerful pull of technology is two-fold. One, healthy screen habits, and two, the broader family elements that lead to greater well-being, connection, and sleep. We think of these elements like daily vitamin doses that keep everyone F-O-N-D of each other:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Family rituals:\u003c/strong> Teenagers grow more independent, but they continue to need the primary attachment to family. As kids get older, it’s important to protect the rituals of dinner together, movie night, Sunday morning hikes or throwing a baseball, bedtime routines, and so forth. Rituals are different from spontaneous times together, which are important too, because they are predictable and lead to a feeling of belonging and security. Too often we see families grow disconnected from each other while living under the same roof, and this is accentuated by electronic media. Research has found that kids who spent more time on non-screen activities, like in-person social interactions, sports or exercise, print media, and attending religious services, were less likely to have mental health issues. These real-world routines and rituals have clear benefits and help our kids grow a healthy sense of self, purpose, and connection to our family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Open play:\u003c/strong> Play is an intrinsic human drive and it’s essential to the brain. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60251/want-resilient-and-well-adjusted-kids-let-them-play\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Through play, kids learn to solve problems, stretch creativity, sustain attention, and feel joy, satisfaction, and accomplishment\u003c/a>. The trouble is that play (of the non-digital variety) can easily disappear as kids get older. Most people know that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60248/the-complex-world-of-pre-k-play-young-kids-benefit-from-play-but-what-should-it-look-like\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">little kids need to play\u003c/a>, but as they mature, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60253/play-is-crucial-for-middle-schoolers-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">we respect this need less and less\u003c/a>. Psychologist Stuart Brown has researched play for decades, finding many connections between play (at all ages) and our happiness and fulfillment as individuals, resilience, flexibility and connection to each other as social beings. And says, “Nothing lights up the brain like play,” says Brown. What constitutes play is that it’s done for enjoyment and exploration (not necessarily an organized sport). Building a model robot, finding random materials to make a hangout spot, climbing a hill and rolling down, or just riding bikes around the neighborhood are examples. “The opposite of play is not work,” says Brown. “It’s depression.” Play is a component of happiness and it leads our kids, teens, and us as adults to feel better regulated, connected, and healthier — it’s basically an antidepressant, and should be protected as kids get older. Play — especially outdoors — improves our sleep. What’s amazing is how natural the drive is to play, so promoting it does not have to be fancy at all. All you need is the opportunity for play: time and space away from screens. When kids are together, without screens, they play together instinctively (as they get older, they just need a little warm up time). Don’t worry about the complaints of being bored or the resistance to getting outside. With time, the drive to play takes over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nature:\u003c/strong> Being in nature has been found to lower levels of stress hormones (which also helps us sleep), increase cognitive abilities, and improve mood. One study found that gardening for thirty minutes significantly reduced stress chemicals, even more than reading for the same amount of time. Another found that walking in nature reduced activity in the part of the brain responsible for rumination (continuously thinking about something that bothers you). Sunlight early in the day stimulates the brain to become alert, increases mood-improving neurochemicals, and deepens our sleep in the forthcoming night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Downtime:\u003c/strong> If every moment of your day is accounted for, there is no opportunity to become bored, have a new idea or a spontaneous experience that isn’t pre-scripted. Downtime is easily squeezed by busy family life, but we find it helps everyone feel better when there’s some downtime built into each week. It sounds counterintuitive to schedule downtime, but that’s what most families need to do, and it works well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of healthy screen habits and F-O-N-D family elements improves sleep by feeding family connection, fun, and meaning, as well as keeping us in control of our devices, so we can enjoy their benefits, and then put them away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-60437 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/11/Wright-Turgeon-author-photos-160x114.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/11/Wright-Turgeon-author-photos-160x114.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/11/Wright-Turgeon-author-photos.jpeg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Generation Sleepless\" authors Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thehappysleeper.com/\">Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright\u003c/a> are psychotherapists, sleep specialists and authors of the popular parenting books, \"The Happy Sleeper\" and \"Now Say This.\" Their work has appeared in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, The Washington Post and on several NPR shows. Turgeon lives in Los Angeles and has a (well-rested) tween and teen. Wright is the creator of one of LA’s best known parenting programs, The Wright Mommy and Me. She lives in New York City and has a young adult son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Sleep therapists Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright offer strategies caregivers can use to shape family practices around phones, social media, and screen time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1678987452,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":1318},"headData":{"title":"When parents practice good screen habits, it rubs off on the whole family | KQED","description":"Sleep therapists Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright offer strategies caregivers can use to shape family practices around phones, social media, and screen time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"When parents practice good screen habits, it rubs off on the whole family","datePublished":"2023-03-15T01:50:43.000Z","dateModified":"2023-03-16T17:24:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/60436/when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpted from “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/647334/generation-sleepless-by-heather-turgeon-mft-and-julie-wright-mft-foreword-by-daniel-j-siegel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Generation Sleepless”\u003c/a> (Penguin, 2022) by Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little kids and teenagers model their behaviors (often subconsciously) after their parents, so if your phone is an appendage and your attention is continually drawn to it, this behavior pattern is more likely to be adopted by your kids. When you practice basic boundaries and good screen habits, this also rubs off on the whole family. Not only that, it signifies to your teen that your own sleep and well-being are a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-60810 size-thumbnail alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/12/gen-sleepless-160x242.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\">Parents have room for improvement in this arena: the majority of parents say they sleep with a mobile device next to their bed, and about 1 in 4 say they wake up to check their phone in the night. If you ask children about their parents’ screen behaviors, many will express disdain for the phone and say their mom or dad is always on it, and it’s hard to get their attention. Half of adolescents say their parent or caregiver is distracted by their cell phone when they’re trying to have a conversation with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most parents are aware that babies and little kids need our attention, but we don’t appreciate how much teenagers do, too. They pick up on signs of distraction, like when our eyes are glued to a screen, when it takes many attempts to get our attention, or when we pick up our phones in every down moment as if the device is more interesting than the moment in front of us. It’s a huge relief to kids when we watch and listen. It makes them feel seen, validated, and understood. This is not just something we save for a big moment of “Hey, Mom, I need to talk to you.” Rather, teens pick up on our nuanced distraction all the time. In addition, if you regularly talk, text, and type in designations on your phone while you’re driving, your teen won’t take you seriously when you tell him how dangerous distracted driving is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony is that parents are much more likely to turn to their phone when a child is acting out or a teen is non-responsive or withdrawn, creating a further breakdown in communication when they need us most. In these difficult moments, it’s easier to retreat to our corners and not to deal with what’s going on under the surface. It makes perfect sense that our instinct is to distract ourselves from the reality of how hard these moments can feel, but as we grow the habit of escaping to our screens, we get rustier and rustier at effective communication with our kids. By not giving up and turning to your own devices, you are refusing to be influenced by a force, created by technology, that is carrying you further and further from your teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The antidote to this powerful pull of technology is two-fold. One, healthy screen habits, and two, the broader family elements that lead to greater well-being, connection, and sleep. We think of these elements like daily vitamin doses that keep everyone F-O-N-D of each other:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Family rituals:\u003c/strong> Teenagers grow more independent, but they continue to need the primary attachment to family. As kids get older, it’s important to protect the rituals of dinner together, movie night, Sunday morning hikes or throwing a baseball, bedtime routines, and so forth. Rituals are different from spontaneous times together, which are important too, because they are predictable and lead to a feeling of belonging and security. Too often we see families grow disconnected from each other while living under the same roof, and this is accentuated by electronic media. Research has found that kids who spent more time on non-screen activities, like in-person social interactions, sports or exercise, print media, and attending religious services, were less likely to have mental health issues. These real-world routines and rituals have clear benefits and help our kids grow a healthy sense of self, purpose, and connection to our family and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Open play:\u003c/strong> Play is an intrinsic human drive and it’s essential to the brain. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60251/want-resilient-and-well-adjusted-kids-let-them-play\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Through play, kids learn to solve problems, stretch creativity, sustain attention, and feel joy, satisfaction, and accomplishment\u003c/a>. The trouble is that play (of the non-digital variety) can easily disappear as kids get older. Most people know that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60248/the-complex-world-of-pre-k-play-young-kids-benefit-from-play-but-what-should-it-look-like\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">little kids need to play\u003c/a>, but as they mature, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60253/play-is-crucial-for-middle-schoolers-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">we respect this need less and less\u003c/a>. Psychologist Stuart Brown has researched play for decades, finding many connections between play (at all ages) and our happiness and fulfillment as individuals, resilience, flexibility and connection to each other as social beings. And says, “Nothing lights up the brain like play,” says Brown. What constitutes play is that it’s done for enjoyment and exploration (not necessarily an organized sport). Building a model robot, finding random materials to make a hangout spot, climbing a hill and rolling down, or just riding bikes around the neighborhood are examples. “The opposite of play is not work,” says Brown. “It’s depression.” Play is a component of happiness and it leads our kids, teens, and us as adults to feel better regulated, connected, and healthier — it’s basically an antidepressant, and should be protected as kids get older. Play — especially outdoors — improves our sleep. What’s amazing is how natural the drive is to play, so promoting it does not have to be fancy at all. All you need is the opportunity for play: time and space away from screens. When kids are together, without screens, they play together instinctively (as they get older, they just need a little warm up time). Don’t worry about the complaints of being bored or the resistance to getting outside. With time, the drive to play takes over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nature:\u003c/strong> Being in nature has been found to lower levels of stress hormones (which also helps us sleep), increase cognitive abilities, and improve mood. One study found that gardening for thirty minutes significantly reduced stress chemicals, even more than reading for the same amount of time. Another found that walking in nature reduced activity in the part of the brain responsible for rumination (continuously thinking about something that bothers you). Sunlight early in the day stimulates the brain to become alert, increases mood-improving neurochemicals, and deepens our sleep in the forthcoming night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Downtime:\u003c/strong> If every moment of your day is accounted for, there is no opportunity to become bored, have a new idea or a spontaneous experience that isn’t pre-scripted. Downtime is easily squeezed by busy family life, but we find it helps everyone feel better when there’s some downtime built into each week. It sounds counterintuitive to schedule downtime, but that’s what most families need to do, and it works well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of healthy screen habits and F-O-N-D family elements improves sleep by feeding family connection, fun, and meaning, as well as keeping us in control of our devices, so we can enjoy their benefits, and then put them away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_60437\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-60437 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/11/Wright-Turgeon-author-photos-160x114.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/11/Wright-Turgeon-author-photos-160x114.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/11/Wright-Turgeon-author-photos.jpeg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Generation Sleepless\" authors Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thehappysleeper.com/\">Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright\u003c/a> are psychotherapists, sleep specialists and authors of the popular parenting books, \"The Happy Sleeper\" and \"Now Say This.\" Their work has appeared in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, The Washington Post and on several NPR shows. Turgeon lives in Los Angeles and has a (well-rested) tween and teen. Wright is the creator of one of LA’s best known parenting programs, The Wright Mommy and Me. She lives in New York City and has a young adult son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/60436/when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21491","mindshift_21385"],"tags":["mindshift_866","mindshift_21230","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21116","mindshift_498","mindshift_20816","mindshift_991","mindshift_21373","mindshift_166"],"featImg":"mindshift_60440","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_59094":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_59094","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"59094","score":null,"sort":[1646121602000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"does-my-kid-have-a-tech-addiction","title":"Does my kid have a tech addiction?","publishDate":1646121602,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Does my kid have a tech addiction? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":21847,"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>“For 45 minutes to an hour after, it’s just terrible. They’re throwing fits. It’s hard to get them off of it. It’s crazy,” said Kate, about the aftermath of when her son, a sixth grader, has to stop playing video games. And their family doesn’t have a gaming system, nor does her son have a personal smartphone. “We’re not in the trenches yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many parents, however, identify themselves as deep in the trenches of navigating screen time. With social distancing, stay-at-home orders and remote learning during the pandemic, many caregivers allowed more screen time than usual. \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2785686\">Teenagers’ non-school screen time doubled during COVID\u003c/a>, and now many caregivers and parents are afraid their kid’s screen time has gone overboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/624957/dopamine-nation-by-anna-lembke-md/\">Dopamine Nation: Finding Balance in the Age of Indulgence\u003c/a>,” Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.annalembke.com/about\">Anna Lembke\u003c/a> makes the case for how technology, with its promise of nonstop engagement and flashing lights, can be addictive. And while addiction may make one think of hard drugs or alcohol, activities like video games, social media apps, and sites like YouTube can also become unhealthy addictions. The professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine said tech addiction can have consequences such as low mood, irregular sleep, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/children-and-screen-time\">attention problems, increased anxiety and poor academic performance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59098\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-59098 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Anna Lembke, psychiatrist and professor at Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To determine what actually constitutes addiction to a substance or a behavior, Dr. Lembke and other clinicians rely on the four C’s:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Control is when a person uses something more or longer than they planned.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compulsion is when a person uses without being consciously aware or despite a strong desire not to use. “There’s a level of automaticity to the use,” said Lembke.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consequences are continued use despite harm, which can include harm done to health, relationships and work, as well as interference with goals and values.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craving is an intrusive urge to use, which can be mental, physical, or both.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Anya Kamenetz, NPR journalist and author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.anyakamenetz.net/\">“The Art of Screen Time,” \u003c/a>said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411079/\">Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM) \u003c/a>can help parents determine whether a child has a healthy relationship to technology. She encourages parents to consider questions based on the PMUM like, “When they have a bad day, is it the first thing they want?” “Are they breaking rules to get it?” and “Are they hurting their relationship with family members or failing at school because of it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59100\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-59100\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anya Kamenetz, journalist and author of “The Art of Screen Time” (photo by Will O’Hare)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While parents may be nervous about their kids’ technology use, not every meltdown after turning off the device is indicative of addiction. Because technology is such a big part of everyday life, Kamenetz encourages caregivers to think of technology use like food. “What do we do when we want to create a healthy food culture in the home? We have limits. We have structure around food. We don’t just eat anything at any time. There are routines and habits,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, today’s caregivers are raising kids in a world that offers more and more ways to get hooked on screens. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2785686\">recent study\u003c/a>, teenagers spend nearly eight hours a day on recreational screen time. However, if parents and caregivers understand what is happening in a child’s mind when they are overusing screens , caregivers can support children in cultivating healthier practices and better relationships to devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Social Media and the Brain \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the crux of behaviors – like an inability to tear oneself away from YouTube or stop scrolling through a phone – is brain chemistry, specifically a spike in a chemical called dopamine. “It is released in response to things that are pleasurable, things that are rewarding and things that are novel or different,” Lembke said. Substances and behaviors that are more addictive release higher than usual amounts of dopamine in the part of our brains called the reward pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58624/how-parents-and-educators-can-support-healthy-teen-use-of-social-media\">Social media platforms\u003c/a> in particular tap into a human need to connect with other people, said Lembke in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesocialdilemma.com/\">“The Social Dilemma\u003c/a>,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesocialdilemma.com/\">Netflix documentary about social media and search platforms.\u003c/a> Technology enables people to connect across geography and disability as well as find and form meaningful communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the pandemic, that was really proved true because these are incredible tools that adults use for very good purposes: for creativity, to connect with others, to perform the work that they need to do and to enjoy themselves,” said Kamenetz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These devices and the apps on them are deeply, inherently reinforcing, according to Lembke. “The way that they’ve been created immediately taps into our dopamine reward pathway and we are engaged,” she said. While dopamine and the enjoyable experiences that cause it are not inherently bad, pleasure and pain are co-located in the brain, meaning you can’t have one without the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1413255058\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like a sugar crash after eating a bunch of Halloween candy, a big surge of dopamine is followed by a dip in dopamine levels that go below their initial baseline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we release a large amount of dopamine in response to a highly reinforcing drug or behavior, our brain has to compensate,” said Lembke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, YouTube and TikTok will automatically generate videos, so that users are more likely to keep watching for hours on end. “Which in and of itself releases dopamine, followed by a dopamine deficit state which has us pressing that lever, which is what we all do when we’re looking for that next video,” said Lembke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a person continues to do addictive behaviors that cause their dopamine levels to skyrocket, they’ll begin to build up a tolerance. “Ultimately, we can end up in this chronic dopamine deficit state where we’re not making much of our own dopamine,” said Lembke. “Now we’re using just to get out of withdrawal to temporarily restore a baseline level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When young children are in a prolonged dopamine deficit state they may develop depression or generalized anxiety symptoms. Other activities will seem less appealing and they may lose their ability to wait for long term rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Strategies for limiting screen time\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most adults who have tried to take away an iPad from a child or turn off the television would like to avoid the tantrum that usually follows. Parents and caregivers often feel that they can’t enforce rules or set guidelines because they are concerned that they’ll do or say something that will leave their child with emotional damage or a longstanding illness, according to Lembke. “It’s really hard to take those things away. It feels harsh and punitive,” she said. “But in fact you’re doing your kids a favor when you’re helping them create guardrails around how they’re using their devices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there is no \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/04/cover-kids-screens\">hard and fast rule\u003c/a> about how much screen time a child should have at each age, Dr. Lembke suggests not giving kids personal devices until they are at least 10 years old. Instead of creating strict screen time limits, Kamenetz urges parents to first take stock of how their kids spend time, assessing if they are getting sufficient sleep, playing outside, hanging out with friends and enjoying time with family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like crowding out your plate with vegetables,” said Kamenetz, referring to the tech analogy of a well-balanced diet, and structuring children’s time with healthy activities. “Then you’re like, ‘OK, well, where does the screen time fit in?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are also quick to point the finger at children’s excessive screen time, when they, too, could benefit from reevaluating their tech use. Alternatively, caregivers can model the relationship to technology they’d like their kids to have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The groundwork is laid in the very early years and it’s not the kids. It’s the parents who are doing it,” said Kamenetz. “Our kids are put on this planet to help us understand the consequences of our actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/How-to-Make-a-Family-Media-Use-Plan.aspx\">creating a family media plan\u003c/a> where all family members set standards for how and when devices will be used. “You should all have expectations around how you’re going to guard and protect the media free time in your day and your week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more severe cases – such as those that qualify within the 4Cs – Lembke suggests encouraging children to take a break from using the device altogether. Even just putting away screens for one day can provide useful information, said Lembke. “Twenty-four hours is certainly enough to be able to observe our own attachments to our devices, and the anxiety that we feel while abstaining.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it takes around 30 days for the dopamine levels to go back to normal if a person was in a dopamine deficit state. “It’s worth doing the full 30 days because if you do too little, all you’re going to get is the withdrawal part,” she said. “And it’s key to go long enough so that people can notice the benefits and then are motivated themselves to change their relationship with their device.” If a child still seems depressed or anxious at the end of the 30-day period, Lembke recommends consulting a mental health professional to see what additional support the child might need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most kids, especially ones who are in the throes of addiction, aren’t likely to give up their device willingly. Developmentally, kids don’t usually think in the long term, so it’s hard for them to realize that behaviors can be harmful further down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only see the positives of their use,” said Lembke about kids experiencing addiction. If a child is feeling doubtful about taking a break from screens or any other addictive behavior, Lembke suggests inviting kids to think about the future and consider the full arc of their lives. Asking questions about their overuse of devices or harmful behavior like “Do you want to be doing this in ten years?” “Do you want to keep doing this in five years?” and “Do you want to be doing this a year from now?” can be a helpful way to energize kids to try something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of strategies for abstaining or putting limits on addictive behavior is self-binding. “It’s the way we intentionally create barriers between ourselves and our drug of choice,” said Lembke. Self-binding falls into three categories: space, time and meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Space \u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Focusing on space for self-binding means limiting the access you have to an object with physical barriers. For example, a parent or child might put their phone or gaming console in a container with a lock or in a different room. Space self-binding techniques acknowledge that sometimes willpower doesn’t cut it if the temptation is too great. Some self-binding examples from Lembke’s patients include unplugging the TV and putting it in the closet and keeping their gaming console stowed away in the garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Time\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Time self-binding uses time limits and finish lines or milestones to control misuse. “We narrow our window of consumption and thereby limit our use,” wrote Lembke in her book. For example a child might decide to delete an app on their phone until after they finish finals or choose to only play video games on the weekend. Even just tracking how much time is spent being on a device can be really helpful for children because they often don’t realize how much it is. Time self-binding is also helpful for building up kids capacity to\u003ca href=\"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0012-1649.26.6.978\"> delay gratification, which is linked to better social adjustment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Meaning \u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Using meaning to self-bind involves creating categories to identify what a person will allow themself to consume and what they’ll avoid. For example, Lembke worked with a young man who wanted to stop gaming. He decided to stop using screens altogether because he felt he might start watching people play video games and then he would want to play video games. “This method helps us to avoid not only our drug of choice but also the triggers that lead to craving for our drug,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of young people will be able to self-correct if they are misusing substances or doing harmful behaviors, said Lembke. “But for those who cannot, we need to help them.” She urges parents to trust their instincts. “If you see your kid is circling the drain, I just really encourage you to gently, but firmly, intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1413255058\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MindShift is part of KQED, a non-profit NPR and PBS member station in San Francisco, CA. The text of this specific article is available to republish for noncommercial purposes under a Creative Commons \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003c/a> license, thanks to support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For parents who need strategies for monitoring screen time, Dr. Anna Lembke’s book \"Dopamine Nation\" breaks down the neuroscience behind why today’s kids are addicted to devices and strategies for limiting use.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713642557,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":2273},"headData":{"title":"Does my kid have a tech addiction? | KQED","description":"For parents who need strategies for monitoring screen time, Dr. Anna Lembke’s new book Dopamine Nation breaks down the neuroscience behind why today’s kids are addicted to devices and strategies for limiting use.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"For parents who need strategies for monitoring screen time, Dr. Anna Lembke’s new book Dopamine Nation breaks down the neuroscience behind why today’s kids are addicted to devices and strategies for limiting use.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Does my kid have a tech addiction?","datePublished":"2022-03-01T08:00:02.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-20T19:49:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC1413255058.mp3?updated=1646074546","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/59094/does-my-kid-have-a-tech-addiction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“For 45 minutes to an hour after, it’s just terrible. They’re throwing fits. It’s hard to get them off of it. It’s crazy,” said Kate, about the aftermath of when her son, a sixth grader, has to stop playing video games. And their family doesn’t have a gaming system, nor does her son have a personal smartphone. “We’re not in the trenches yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many parents, however, identify themselves as deep in the trenches of navigating screen time. With social distancing, stay-at-home orders and remote learning during the pandemic, many caregivers allowed more screen time than usual. \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2785686\">Teenagers’ non-school screen time doubled during COVID\u003c/a>, and now many caregivers and parents are afraid their kid’s screen time has gone overboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/624957/dopamine-nation-by-anna-lembke-md/\">Dopamine Nation: Finding Balance in the Age of Indulgence\u003c/a>,” Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.annalembke.com/about\">Anna Lembke\u003c/a> makes the case for how technology, with its promise of nonstop engagement and flashing lights, can be addictive. And while addiction may make one think of hard drugs or alcohol, activities like video games, social media apps, and sites like YouTube can also become unhealthy addictions. The professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine said tech addiction can have consequences such as low mood, irregular sleep, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/children-and-screen-time\">attention problems, increased anxiety and poor academic performance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59098\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-59098 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/Anna_Lembke_office_112-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Anna Lembke, psychiatrist and professor at Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To determine what actually constitutes addiction to a substance or a behavior, Dr. Lembke and other clinicians rely on the four C’s:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Control is when a person uses something more or longer than they planned.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compulsion is when a person uses without being consciously aware or despite a strong desire not to use. “There’s a level of automaticity to the use,” said Lembke.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consequences are continued use despite harm, which can include harm done to health, relationships and work, as well as interference with goals and values.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Craving is an intrusive urge to use, which can be mental, physical, or both.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Anya Kamenetz, NPR journalist and author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.anyakamenetz.net/\">“The Art of Screen Time,” \u003c/a>said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411079/\">Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM) \u003c/a>can help parents determine whether a child has a healthy relationship to technology. She encourages parents to consider questions based on the PMUM like, “When they have a bad day, is it the first thing they want?” “Are they breaking rules to get it?” and “Are they hurting their relationship with family members or failing at school because of it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_59100\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-59100\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2022/02/img_5264-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anya Kamenetz, journalist and author of “The Art of Screen Time” (photo by Will O’Hare)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While parents may be nervous about their kids’ technology use, not every meltdown after turning off the device is indicative of addiction. Because technology is such a big part of everyday life, Kamenetz encourages caregivers to think of technology use like food. “What do we do when we want to create a healthy food culture in the home? We have limits. We have structure around food. We don’t just eat anything at any time. There are routines and habits,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, today’s caregivers are raising kids in a world that offers more and more ways to get hooked on screens. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2785686\">recent study\u003c/a>, teenagers spend nearly eight hours a day on recreational screen time. However, if parents and caregivers understand what is happening in a child’s mind when they are overusing screens , caregivers can support children in cultivating healthier practices and better relationships to devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Social Media and the Brain \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the crux of behaviors – like an inability to tear oneself away from YouTube or stop scrolling through a phone – is brain chemistry, specifically a spike in a chemical called dopamine. “It is released in response to things that are pleasurable, things that are rewarding and things that are novel or different,” Lembke said. Substances and behaviors that are more addictive release higher than usual amounts of dopamine in the part of our brains called the reward pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58624/how-parents-and-educators-can-support-healthy-teen-use-of-social-media\">Social media platforms\u003c/a> in particular tap into a human need to connect with other people, said Lembke in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesocialdilemma.com/\">“The Social Dilemma\u003c/a>,” a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesocialdilemma.com/\">Netflix documentary about social media and search platforms.\u003c/a> Technology enables people to connect across geography and disability as well as find and form meaningful communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the pandemic, that was really proved true because these are incredible tools that adults use for very good purposes: for creativity, to connect with others, to perform the work that they need to do and to enjoy themselves,” said Kamenetz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These devices and the apps on them are deeply, inherently reinforcing, according to Lembke. “The way that they’ve been created immediately taps into our dopamine reward pathway and we are engaged,” she said. While dopamine and the enjoyable experiences that cause it are not inherently bad, pleasure and pain are co-located in the brain, meaning you can’t have one without the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1413255058\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like a sugar crash after eating a bunch of Halloween candy, a big surge of dopamine is followed by a dip in dopamine levels that go below their initial baseline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we release a large amount of dopamine in response to a highly reinforcing drug or behavior, our brain has to compensate,” said Lembke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, YouTube and TikTok will automatically generate videos, so that users are more likely to keep watching for hours on end. “Which in and of itself releases dopamine, followed by a dopamine deficit state which has us pressing that lever, which is what we all do when we’re looking for that next video,” said Lembke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a person continues to do addictive behaviors that cause their dopamine levels to skyrocket, they’ll begin to build up a tolerance. “Ultimately, we can end up in this chronic dopamine deficit state where we’re not making much of our own dopamine,” said Lembke. “Now we’re using just to get out of withdrawal to temporarily restore a baseline level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When young children are in a prolonged dopamine deficit state they may develop depression or generalized anxiety symptoms. Other activities will seem less appealing and they may lose their ability to wait for long term rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Strategies for limiting screen time\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most adults who have tried to take away an iPad from a child or turn off the television would like to avoid the tantrum that usually follows. Parents and caregivers often feel that they can’t enforce rules or set guidelines because they are concerned that they’ll do or say something that will leave their child with emotional damage or a longstanding illness, according to Lembke. “It’s really hard to take those things away. It feels harsh and punitive,” she said. “But in fact you’re doing your kids a favor when you’re helping them create guardrails around how they’re using their devices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there is no \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/04/cover-kids-screens\">hard and fast rule\u003c/a> about how much screen time a child should have at each age, Dr. Lembke suggests not giving kids personal devices until they are at least 10 years old. Instead of creating strict screen time limits, Kamenetz urges parents to first take stock of how their kids spend time, assessing if they are getting sufficient sleep, playing outside, hanging out with friends and enjoying time with family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like crowding out your plate with vegetables,” said Kamenetz, referring to the tech analogy of a well-balanced diet, and structuring children’s time with healthy activities. “Then you’re like, ‘OK, well, where does the screen time fit in?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are also quick to point the finger at children’s excessive screen time, when they, too, could benefit from reevaluating their tech use. Alternatively, caregivers can model the relationship to technology they’d like their kids to have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The groundwork is laid in the very early years and it’s not the kids. It’s the parents who are doing it,” said Kamenetz. “Our kids are put on this planet to help us understand the consequences of our actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/How-to-Make-a-Family-Media-Use-Plan.aspx\">creating a family media plan\u003c/a> where all family members set standards for how and when devices will be used. “You should all have expectations around how you’re going to guard and protect the media free time in your day and your week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In more severe cases – such as those that qualify within the 4Cs – Lembke suggests encouraging children to take a break from using the device altogether. Even just putting away screens for one day can provide useful information, said Lembke. “Twenty-four hours is certainly enough to be able to observe our own attachments to our devices, and the anxiety that we feel while abstaining.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it takes around 30 days for the dopamine levels to go back to normal if a person was in a dopamine deficit state. “It’s worth doing the full 30 days because if you do too little, all you’re going to get is the withdrawal part,” she said. “And it’s key to go long enough so that people can notice the benefits and then are motivated themselves to change their relationship with their device.” If a child still seems depressed or anxious at the end of the 30-day period, Lembke recommends consulting a mental health professional to see what additional support the child might need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most kids, especially ones who are in the throes of addiction, aren’t likely to give up their device willingly. Developmentally, kids don’t usually think in the long term, so it’s hard for them to realize that behaviors can be harmful further down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only see the positives of their use,” said Lembke about kids experiencing addiction. If a child is feeling doubtful about taking a break from screens or any other addictive behavior, Lembke suggests inviting kids to think about the future and consider the full arc of their lives. Asking questions about their overuse of devices or harmful behavior like “Do you want to be doing this in ten years?” “Do you want to keep doing this in five years?” and “Do you want to be doing this a year from now?” can be a helpful way to energize kids to try something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of strategies for abstaining or putting limits on addictive behavior is self-binding. “It’s the way we intentionally create barriers between ourselves and our drug of choice,” said Lembke. Self-binding falls into three categories: space, time and meaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Space \u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Focusing on space for self-binding means limiting the access you have to an object with physical barriers. For example, a parent or child might put their phone or gaming console in a container with a lock or in a different room. Space self-binding techniques acknowledge that sometimes willpower doesn’t cut it if the temptation is too great. Some self-binding examples from Lembke’s patients include unplugging the TV and putting it in the closet and keeping their gaming console stowed away in the garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Time\u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Time self-binding uses time limits and finish lines or milestones to control misuse. “We narrow our window of consumption and thereby limit our use,” wrote Lembke in her book. For example a child might decide to delete an app on their phone until after they finish finals or choose to only play video games on the weekend. Even just tracking how much time is spent being on a device can be really helpful for children because they often don’t realize how much it is. Time self-binding is also helpful for building up kids capacity to\u003ca href=\"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0012-1649.26.6.978\"> delay gratification, which is linked to better social adjustment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cb>Meaning \u003c/b>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Using meaning to self-bind involves creating categories to identify what a person will allow themself to consume and what they’ll avoid. For example, Lembke worked with a young man who wanted to stop gaming. He decided to stop using screens altogether because he felt he might start watching people play video games and then he would want to play video games. “This method helps us to avoid not only our drug of choice but also the triggers that lead to craving for our drug,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of young people will be able to self-correct if they are misusing substances or doing harmful behaviors, said Lembke. “But for those who cannot, we need to help them.” She urges parents to trust their instincts. “If you see your kid is circling the drain, I just really encourage you to gently, but firmly, intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC1413255058\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>MindShift is part of KQED, a non-profit NPR and PBS member station in San Francisco, CA. The text of this specific article is available to republish for noncommercial purposes under a Creative Commons \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003c/a> license, thanks to support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/59094/does-my-kid-have-a-tech-addiction","authors":["11721"],"programs":["mindshift_21847"],"categories":["mindshift_21130","mindshift_21848"],"tags":["mindshift_21207","mindshift_21198","mindshift_20794","mindshift_20865","mindshift_46","mindshift_21116","mindshift_21906","mindshift_20816","mindshift_20536"],"featImg":"mindshift_59096","label":"mindshift_21847"},"mindshift_57703":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_57703","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"57703","score":null,"sort":[1618817209000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-adolescence-matters-in-preventing-substance-abuse","title":"Why Adolescence Matters in Preventing Substance Abuse","publishDate":1618817209,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to understand people who develop substance abuse disorders as adults, it's important to recognize when they were first exposed. The majority of adults who develop substance abuse disorders first used drugs or alcohol during adolescence. In her new book, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jessicalahey.com/the-addiction-inoculation\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The Addiction Inoculation: Raising Healthy Kids in a Culture of Dependence,”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jessica Lahey translates the research around addiction and explores practical ways parents and educators can use this information to support kids.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lahey’s motivation for writing this book is personal. Born into a family with a history of addiction, she found herself struggling with alcoholism as an adult. After finding her path to sobriety, Lahey – a career educator – began to teach teens at an inpatient drug and alcohol rehabilitation center. These experiences, along with the task of raising two teenage sons, prompted her to spend years researching the core elements of efficacious addiction prevention. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Explore Root Causes\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of today’s educators and parents came of age during the War on Drugs, “Just Say No,” and school assemblies that included harrowing stories of a late-stage addiction. But effective prevention programs involve much more than blanket warnings, says Lahey. Adults need to examine why an adolescent uses drugs or alcohol in the first place. In the words of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://herrenproject.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chris Herren\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, former NBA Player, and recovering heroin addict, too often “we focus on the worst day and forget the first day.” Adolescents take that first drink for any number of reasons – including a desire to escape the pressures of school or home, to ease social anxiety, to fit in, or to cope with trauma. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If a kid is drinking because they are trying to numb out what they feel is wrong with them, what can we do to help them feel like they are enough?” asks Lahey. “And there is so much we could be doing. All the best substance abuse programs are, at their heart, social-emotional learning programs.” If adults can help kids manage their emotions without using alcohol as a form of self-medication, says Lahey, we increase their chances of making it to adulthood substance-free. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Understand the Adolescent Brain\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The brain goes through two major growth spurts: from birth to age three and again in adolescence. During these periods, the “brain is acutely sensitive to outside influences including chemicals,” says Lahey. Simply put, the teenage brain is more prone to the damaging effects of drugs and alcohol than the adult brain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At this stage of brain development, adolescents are wired to crave risk, new experiences, social acceptance, and independence. At the same time, teens often struggle with impulse control and risk assessment. “If you want to see your teenager become even more volatile, add substances into the mix,” says Lahey.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the very things that make the teenage years challenging can also be \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/43020/harnessing-the-incredible-learning-potential-of-the-adolescent-brain\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">harnessed in powerful, positive ways\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “The brain is primed right at that moment to seek novelty and boost dopamine,” says Lahey, so adults have “an incredible opportunity to push kids in a direction of positive risks that up their competence.” Let them engage in new, exciting activities that create that dopamine rush they crave. Encourage them to join a new club, try out for a part in the play, take that rock-climbing class, become a volunteer for a cause they care about, or explore the woods – any activity that catches their attention and pushes them out of their comfort zone. Exercise, time in nature, team activities, and meaningful work all support mental health.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Amplify Protective Measures\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several factors put children at increased risk for substance abuse, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54767/childhood-trauma-is-a-public-health-issue-and-we-can-do-more-to-prevent-it\">adverse childhood experiences\u003c/a>, family history of substance abuse, low academic achievement, peer culture, and lack of school connectedness. But none of these factors are destiny, says Lahey, and she wants to absolve the shame and guilt that some parents may feel when they recognize their child is in a higher-risk category for one reason or another. Instead, she wants parents to feel empowered by what they can do, starting today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are plenty of ways adults can amplify protective measures that will reduce a teen’s risk level. These include getting them academic support; setting clear family expectations about substance use; building healthy sleep, exercise, mindfulness, and nutrition habits as a family; and enlisting other adult allies to help, such as mentors, pediatricians, guidance counselors, and coaches. Research shows that “as long as a kid has one supportive, protective adult in their life, then they can overcome a whole bunch of risk factors,” says Lahey.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Talk About It Openly and Honestly\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it comes to drugs and alcohol, our kids need transparent, honest, and evidence-based information from trusted adults. Lahey’s advice for having these conversations boils down to this: Start early and keep it up, because the more you talk the easier it gets. Twenty-nine percent of middle schoolers and 61 percent of high schoolers report that they have a close friend who uses substances. According to Lahey, we can inoculate kids by equipping them with useful information, including refusal skills. Practice scripts they can use when they encounter peer pressure – including an exit strategy, such as a word or emoji they can text you if they want you to come pick them up. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And don’t worry about being a hypocrite if you use substances yourself, says Lahey. You can still urge your children to wait because chemicals interact differently with the adolescent brain than with the adult brain. “If you do harm to your brain during that period, there's no going back to fix it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Look for ways to help them understand how avoiding substance use is in their immediate best interest – how it will positively impact their athletic and academic performance or personal goals. “Kids can feel really bulletproof, but you can help them understand how drug and alcohol use affects their hopes and dreams and goals – which, of course, requires you to know what their hopes and dreams and goals are,” says Lahey. This personal approach taps into their internal motivation and self-efficacy – or that “sense of control, agency and hope, even when the world around them feels out of control.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Implement Evidence-Based School Programs\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Lahey’s research, she found that school-connectedness was the “only education-related variable that protected kids against every single adverse life outcome.” In other words, when kids felt safe and cared for at school, they had better outcomes on just about every measure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research also shows that the more invested the principal and superintendent are in prevention programs, the more invested the entire school community will be – leading to greater program efficacy. “It's really hard for one school nurse to pull it off alone,” says Lahey. “So many of the risk situations are community-based, so the solutions are going to be community-based, too.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strong prevention programs have an SEL component, teach children refusal skills, and give them clear, compelling evidence that helps them understand how their brains work and how substances can affect their lives. School leaders can use the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> registry to explore programs that have clear evidence of effectiveness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the challenges, Lahey says that she feels “really optimistic” about our ability to support this new generation of teenagers. “There is so much we can be doing to help kids. It’s not like we have exhausted all of our options in preventing substance abuse. The programs are there, they are tested, and they are evidence-based. I'm hoping that what I've provided here is at least a way to think about getting started.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The rewiring of the brain that happens during adolescence creates great opportunities for both positive and negative experiences, including substance abuse. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1633333543,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1342},"headData":{"title":"Why Adolescence Matters in Preventing Substance Abuse - MindShift","description":"The rewiring of the brain that happens during adolescence creates great opportunities for both positive and negative experiences, including substance abuse. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Adolescence Matters in Preventing Substance Abuse","datePublished":"2021-04-19T07:26:49.000Z","dateModified":"2021-10-04T07:45:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57703 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=57703","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/04/19/why-adolescence-matters-in-preventing-substance-abuse/","disqusTitle":"Why Adolescence Matters in Preventing Substance Abuse","path":"/mindshift/57703/why-adolescence-matters-in-preventing-substance-abuse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to understand people who develop substance abuse disorders as adults, it's important to recognize when they were first exposed. The majority of adults who develop substance abuse disorders first used drugs or alcohol during adolescence. In her new book, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jessicalahey.com/the-addiction-inoculation\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The Addiction Inoculation: Raising Healthy Kids in a Culture of Dependence,”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jessica Lahey translates the research around addiction and explores practical ways parents and educators can use this information to support kids.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lahey’s motivation for writing this book is personal. Born into a family with a history of addiction, she found herself struggling with alcoholism as an adult. After finding her path to sobriety, Lahey – a career educator – began to teach teens at an inpatient drug and alcohol rehabilitation center. These experiences, along with the task of raising two teenage sons, prompted her to spend years researching the core elements of efficacious addiction prevention. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Explore Root Causes\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of today’s educators and parents came of age during the War on Drugs, “Just Say No,” and school assemblies that included harrowing stories of a late-stage addiction. But effective prevention programs involve much more than blanket warnings, says Lahey. Adults need to examine why an adolescent uses drugs or alcohol in the first place. In the words of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://herrenproject.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chris Herren\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, former NBA Player, and recovering heroin addict, too often “we focus on the worst day and forget the first day.” Adolescents take that first drink for any number of reasons – including a desire to escape the pressures of school or home, to ease social anxiety, to fit in, or to cope with trauma. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If a kid is drinking because they are trying to numb out what they feel is wrong with them, what can we do to help them feel like they are enough?” asks Lahey. “And there is so much we could be doing. All the best substance abuse programs are, at their heart, social-emotional learning programs.” If adults can help kids manage their emotions without using alcohol as a form of self-medication, says Lahey, we increase their chances of making it to adulthood substance-free. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Understand the Adolescent Brain\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The brain goes through two major growth spurts: from birth to age three and again in adolescence. During these periods, the “brain is acutely sensitive to outside influences including chemicals,” says Lahey. Simply put, the teenage brain is more prone to the damaging effects of drugs and alcohol than the adult brain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At this stage of brain development, adolescents are wired to crave risk, new experiences, social acceptance, and independence. At the same time, teens often struggle with impulse control and risk assessment. “If you want to see your teenager become even more volatile, add substances into the mix,” says Lahey.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the very things that make the teenage years challenging can also be \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/43020/harnessing-the-incredible-learning-potential-of-the-adolescent-brain\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">harnessed in powerful, positive ways\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “The brain is primed right at that moment to seek novelty and boost dopamine,” says Lahey, so adults have “an incredible opportunity to push kids in a direction of positive risks that up their competence.” Let them engage in new, exciting activities that create that dopamine rush they crave. Encourage them to join a new club, try out for a part in the play, take that rock-climbing class, become a volunteer for a cause they care about, or explore the woods – any activity that catches their attention and pushes them out of their comfort zone. Exercise, time in nature, team activities, and meaningful work all support mental health.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Amplify Protective Measures\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several factors put children at increased risk for substance abuse, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54767/childhood-trauma-is-a-public-health-issue-and-we-can-do-more-to-prevent-it\">adverse childhood experiences\u003c/a>, family history of substance abuse, low academic achievement, peer culture, and lack of school connectedness. But none of these factors are destiny, says Lahey, and she wants to absolve the shame and guilt that some parents may feel when they recognize their child is in a higher-risk category for one reason or another. Instead, she wants parents to feel empowered by what they can do, starting today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are plenty of ways adults can amplify protective measures that will reduce a teen’s risk level. These include getting them academic support; setting clear family expectations about substance use; building healthy sleep, exercise, mindfulness, and nutrition habits as a family; and enlisting other adult allies to help, such as mentors, pediatricians, guidance counselors, and coaches. Research shows that “as long as a kid has one supportive, protective adult in their life, then they can overcome a whole bunch of risk factors,” says Lahey.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Talk About It Openly and Honestly\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it comes to drugs and alcohol, our kids need transparent, honest, and evidence-based information from trusted adults. Lahey’s advice for having these conversations boils down to this: Start early and keep it up, because the more you talk the easier it gets. Twenty-nine percent of middle schoolers and 61 percent of high schoolers report that they have a close friend who uses substances. According to Lahey, we can inoculate kids by equipping them with useful information, including refusal skills. Practice scripts they can use when they encounter peer pressure – including an exit strategy, such as a word or emoji they can text you if they want you to come pick them up. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And don’t worry about being a hypocrite if you use substances yourself, says Lahey. You can still urge your children to wait because chemicals interact differently with the adolescent brain than with the adult brain. “If you do harm to your brain during that period, there's no going back to fix it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Look for ways to help them understand how avoiding substance use is in their immediate best interest – how it will positively impact their athletic and academic performance or personal goals. “Kids can feel really bulletproof, but you can help them understand how drug and alcohol use affects their hopes and dreams and goals – which, of course, requires you to know what their hopes and dreams and goals are,” says Lahey. This personal approach taps into their internal motivation and self-efficacy – or that “sense of control, agency and hope, even when the world around them feels out of control.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Implement Evidence-Based School Programs\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Lahey’s research, she found that school-connectedness was the “only education-related variable that protected kids against every single adverse life outcome.” In other words, when kids felt safe and cared for at school, they had better outcomes on just about every measure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Research also shows that the more invested the principal and superintendent are in prevention programs, the more invested the entire school community will be – leading to greater program efficacy. “It's really hard for one school nurse to pull it off alone,” says Lahey. “So many of the risk situations are community-based, so the solutions are going to be community-based, too.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strong prevention programs have an SEL component, teach children refusal skills, and give them clear, compelling evidence that helps them understand how their brains work and how substances can affect their lives. School leaders can use the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> registry to explore programs that have clear evidence of effectiveness. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the challenges, Lahey says that she feels “really optimistic” about our ability to support this new generation of teenagers. “There is so much we can be doing to help kids. It’s not like we have exhausted all of our options in preventing substance abuse. The programs are there, they are tested, and they are evidence-based. I'm hoping that what I've provided here is at least a way to think about getting started.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/57703/why-adolescence-matters-in-preventing-substance-abuse","authors":["11087"],"categories":["mindshift_1"],"tags":["mindshift_21093","mindshift_20865","mindshift_21116","mindshift_943","mindshift_21426","mindshift_21159"],"featImg":"mindshift_57705","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_54137":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_54137","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"54137","score":null,"sort":[1565790903000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hooked-on-the-internet-south-korean-teens-go-into-digital-detox","title":"Hooked On The Internet, South Korean Teens Go Into Digital Detox","publishDate":1565790903,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>South Korea is one of the most wired countries in the world. But that level of connectivity is a double-edged sword in a society that some experts say is becoming increasingly addicted to the Internet and where \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidly-around-the-world-but-not-always-equally/\">95% of adults own a smartphone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Korea has an environment that allows easy access to computer games and other activities online,\" says Sungwon Roh, a psychiatrist at Seoul's Hanyang University who studies Internet addiction. \"You can connect to your smartphone anywhere. Every neighborhood has what we call a 'PC bang' or, in English, PC café. Here, Koreans of all ages can access the Internet very easily.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those PC bangs are often shiny places with big, comfy chairs, huge screens and fast Internet, all for about a dollar an hour. Most are open 24 hours a day. So it's no wonder some customers overstay their welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen a lot of customers come here late in the afternoon and leave the next morning. That's pretty common,\" says Lee Kae Seong, the owner of the OZ PC Bang in Seoul's upmarket Gangnam neighborhood. Some, he says, stay a day or two. And others become... well, ripe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some customers who play for too long, I'm sorry to say, they get smelly,\" he says. \"And other customers start to complain. So we have to ask them to leave.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like these help explain why Roh says South Korea is facing a public health crisis — one he sees firsthand while treating patients at his hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here I see dramatic cases of both adolescents and adults come to seek professional help,\" he says, \"because they started to have serious problems in their health, relationships with their family or studies at school from game addiction. Some students will refuse to go to school or even inflict physical force on their parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some parents in the United States, this might sound distressingly familiar even though mental health experts are still debating the extent of the problem. The American Psychiatric Association does not recognize Internet or online game addiction as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/internet-gaming\">unique mental disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the South Korean authorities know the country has a problem: Almost 20% of the population — nearly 10 million people — are at serious risk of Internet addiction, according to a 2018 government survey. Roh says the country is trying to do something about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are regional education offices that provide services such as in-school counseling, screening surveys, preventive disciplines and, for severe cases, addiction camps,\" he says. Almost all of the services are financed by the government, at the national or \u003ca href=\"https://use.metropolis.org/case-studies/seoul-i-will-centre\">municipal levels\u003c/a>, and have been for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54139\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54139\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/08/20190719_145343_custom-98c0a8ab88a5f84a75f1339f095a41185a586e07-e1565790762806.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"931\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two young women browse the library at the National Center for Youth Internet Addiction Treatment in Muju, South Korea. \u003ccite>(Michael Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the camps started by the national government, the National Center for Youth Internet Addiction Treatment, is three hours south of Seoul in the mountainous Muju region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're targeting teenagers who are heavily dependent on the Internet and smartphones,\" says Shim Yong-chool, the director. They're referred either by their parents or concerned teachers. And all their tech devices are seized when they arrive for the two- to four-week program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they're here, he says, \"We help students find a new hobby. Students who are overly dependent on Internet and smartphones will be doing only that [using their phones] when they have extra time. So, we are showing them many other options so they can spend their free time in a healthier way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Art classes, volunteering at a local senior center and board games are all on the agenda for the group of 32 girls, ages 13 to 19, on the fifth day of their two-week stay this summer. They're gathered in a classroom playing a word association game that prompts frequent howls of laughter and huge smiles. And no selfies!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center's director says there have been more boys than girls treated there. More of the boys come for game addiction, while girls have tended to be hooked on social media, he says. But that's not always the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking almost in a whisper, a 16-year-old girl says her time at the center has been a painful experience. The center requests NPR not use the names or show the faces of the young people receiving treatment there for privacy reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalls feeling \"nervous\" when she first handed over her phone. \"I've had my phone since my first year in elementary school. I've never been without it since. So I was worried,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is less worried five days into the program. She has made some new friends and says she now realizes she can live without her phone. It used to consume her for eight hours a day or more, especially if she was gaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another girl, who is 14, is still struggling. \"My hands get shaky, I can't concentrate,\" she says. \"When I go back to the dormitory to get some rest, I keep thinking of Facebook. There are hearts there I can collect from a game, but they'll go away if I don't take them in three days. That worries me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She constantly checks for her phone, too, she says. And she thinks about the games she's not playing, like Overwatch, which she says she's good at. Back at home, she would play during the day, after school. Her mother knew she had a problem, the girl says, so her mother would turn the Internet off by bedtime at 10 p.m. The 14-year-old would wait for her mother to fall asleep around 11 p.m., then plug it back in and play until dawn. Then she would go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54140\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/08/20190722_175023_slide-c69adc273bd882070e56f68bb3afb37d617079fd-e1565790829415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The center emphasizes group activities involving all 32 participants at the facility. \u003ccite>(Michael Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She didn't eat much. Every minute spent eating, she says, was a minute lost gaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is being at the center helping? \"No, I don't think so,\" she says. Is she just counting the days until she gets your phone back? \"Yes,\" she says. And looks down at the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shim is more hopeful about her chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 14-year-old girl just started, he says. She'll be better by the end of the two-week camp, he adds. And then there's the aftercare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Each local government has an institution that works with the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family,\" he says. \"We connect the students to these institutions after the camp so they can receive counseling continuously. It does not end at the camp, we follow up with students through other relevant institutions so that students can constantly get counseling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Shim is worried about the size of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The percentage of teenagers dependent on Internet and smartphones is actually increasing,\" he says. \"So, our organization is expanding and trying to get ready to accept more students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is building more facilities to accommodate those students to deal with a problem it knows isn't going away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/28/727585904/is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-the-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases\">added \"gaming disorder\"\u003c/a> to its list of recognized addictions. That decision hasn't gone over well with South Korea's lucrative esports industry, which fears the economic fallout and stigmatization such a designation may bring. But it may bring more resources to a system already struggling to deal with the problem at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO move may also help the U.S. government and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/tech-addiction-is-real-we-psychologists-need-to-take-it-seriously/2019/03/18/5f12ad2e-3c54-11e9-a06c-3ec8ed509d15_story.html\">mental health professionals\u003c/a> to focus on these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is important for the U.S. government and relevant experts to pay attention to this issue,\" says psychiatrist Roh, \"to screen out addicted students and provide adequate therapy to those diagnosed with game addiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Korea already has its public health crisis, he says. If the U.S. doesn't act, it won't be far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kang Jae-un contributed reporting to this story in Seoul.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hooked+On+The+Internet%2C+South+Korean+Teens+Go+Into+Digital+Detox&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Online gaming and other digital activities cause problems in people's health, relationships and studies. Government centers treat teen boys and girls who struggle to cut down on use of tech devices.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1565790903,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1357},"headData":{"title":"Hooked On The Internet, South Korean Teens Go Into Digital Detox | KQED","description":"Online gaming and other digital activities cause problems in people's health, relationships and studies. Government centers treat teen boys and girls who struggle to cut down on use of tech devices.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hooked On The Internet, South Korean Teens Go Into Digital Detox","datePublished":"2019-08-14T13:55:03.000Z","dateModified":"2019-08-14T13:55:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"54137 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=54137","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/08/14/hooked-on-the-internet-south-korean-teens-go-into-digital-detox/","disqusTitle":"Hooked On The Internet, South Korean Teens Go Into Digital Detox","nprImageCredit":"Michael Sullivan","nprByline":"Michael Sullivan","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"748299817","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=748299817&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/13/748299817/hooked-on-the-internet-south-korean-teens-go-into-digital-detox?ft=nprml&f=748299817","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 13 Aug 2019 12:25:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 13 Aug 2019 12:25:23 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 13 Aug 2019 12:25:26 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2019/07/20190730_atc_south_korea_internet_addiction.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1004&d=269&story=748299817&ft=nprml&f=748299817","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1748371807-7c1b09.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1004&d=269&story=748299817&ft=nprml&f=748299817","audioTrackLength":269,"path":"/mindshift/54137/hooked-on-the-internet-south-korean-teens-go-into-digital-detox","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2019/07/20190730_atc_south_korea_internet_addiction.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1004&d=269&story=748299817&ft=nprml&f=748299817","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>South Korea is one of the most wired countries in the world. But that level of connectivity is a double-edged sword in a society that some experts say is becoming increasingly addicted to the Internet and where \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidly-around-the-world-but-not-always-equally/\">95% of adults own a smartphone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Korea has an environment that allows easy access to computer games and other activities online,\" says Sungwon Roh, a psychiatrist at Seoul's Hanyang University who studies Internet addiction. \"You can connect to your smartphone anywhere. Every neighborhood has what we call a 'PC bang' or, in English, PC café. Here, Koreans of all ages can access the Internet very easily.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those PC bangs are often shiny places with big, comfy chairs, huge screens and fast Internet, all for about a dollar an hour. Most are open 24 hours a day. So it's no wonder some customers overstay their welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen a lot of customers come here late in the afternoon and leave the next morning. That's pretty common,\" says Lee Kae Seong, the owner of the OZ PC Bang in Seoul's upmarket Gangnam neighborhood. Some, he says, stay a day or two. And others become... well, ripe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some customers who play for too long, I'm sorry to say, they get smelly,\" he says. \"And other customers start to complain. So we have to ask them to leave.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like these help explain why Roh says South Korea is facing a public health crisis — one he sees firsthand while treating patients at his hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here I see dramatic cases of both adolescents and adults come to seek professional help,\" he says, \"because they started to have serious problems in their health, relationships with their family or studies at school from game addiction. Some students will refuse to go to school or even inflict physical force on their parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some parents in the United States, this might sound distressingly familiar even though mental health experts are still debating the extent of the problem. The American Psychiatric Association does not recognize Internet or online game addiction as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/internet-gaming\">unique mental disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the South Korean authorities know the country has a problem: Almost 20% of the population — nearly 10 million people — are at serious risk of Internet addiction, according to a 2018 government survey. Roh says the country is trying to do something about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are regional education offices that provide services such as in-school counseling, screening surveys, preventive disciplines and, for severe cases, addiction camps,\" he says. Almost all of the services are financed by the government, at the national or \u003ca href=\"https://use.metropolis.org/case-studies/seoul-i-will-centre\">municipal levels\u003c/a>, and have been for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54139\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54139\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/08/20190719_145343_custom-98c0a8ab88a5f84a75f1339f095a41185a586e07-e1565790762806.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"931\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two young women browse the library at the National Center for Youth Internet Addiction Treatment in Muju, South Korea. \u003ccite>(Michael Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the camps started by the national government, the National Center for Youth Internet Addiction Treatment, is three hours south of Seoul in the mountainous Muju region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're targeting teenagers who are heavily dependent on the Internet and smartphones,\" says Shim Yong-chool, the director. They're referred either by their parents or concerned teachers. And all their tech devices are seized when they arrive for the two- to four-week program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they're here, he says, \"We help students find a new hobby. Students who are overly dependent on Internet and smartphones will be doing only that [using their phones] when they have extra time. So, we are showing them many other options so they can spend their free time in a healthier way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Art classes, volunteering at a local senior center and board games are all on the agenda for the group of 32 girls, ages 13 to 19, on the fifth day of their two-week stay this summer. They're gathered in a classroom playing a word association game that prompts frequent howls of laughter and huge smiles. And no selfies!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center's director says there have been more boys than girls treated there. More of the boys come for game addiction, while girls have tended to be hooked on social media, he says. But that's not always the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking almost in a whisper, a 16-year-old girl says her time at the center has been a painful experience. The center requests NPR not use the names or show the faces of the young people receiving treatment there for privacy reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalls feeling \"nervous\" when she first handed over her phone. \"I've had my phone since my first year in elementary school. I've never been without it since. So I was worried,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is less worried five days into the program. She has made some new friends and says she now realizes she can live without her phone. It used to consume her for eight hours a day or more, especially if she was gaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another girl, who is 14, is still struggling. \"My hands get shaky, I can't concentrate,\" she says. \"When I go back to the dormitory to get some rest, I keep thinking of Facebook. There are hearts there I can collect from a game, but they'll go away if I don't take them in three days. That worries me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She constantly checks for her phone, too, she says. And she thinks about the games she's not playing, like Overwatch, which she says she's good at. Back at home, she would play during the day, after school. Her mother knew she had a problem, the girl says, so her mother would turn the Internet off by bedtime at 10 p.m. The 14-year-old would wait for her mother to fall asleep around 11 p.m., then plug it back in and play until dawn. Then she would go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_54140\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-54140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/08/20190722_175023_slide-c69adc273bd882070e56f68bb3afb37d617079fd-e1565790829415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The center emphasizes group activities involving all 32 participants at the facility. \u003ccite>(Michael Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She didn't eat much. Every minute spent eating, she says, was a minute lost gaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is being at the center helping? \"No, I don't think so,\" she says. Is she just counting the days until she gets your phone back? \"Yes,\" she says. And looks down at the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shim is more hopeful about her chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 14-year-old girl just started, he says. She'll be better by the end of the two-week camp, he adds. And then there's the aftercare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Each local government has an institution that works with the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family,\" he says. \"We connect the students to these institutions after the camp so they can receive counseling continuously. It does not end at the camp, we follow up with students through other relevant institutions so that students can constantly get counseling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Shim is worried about the size of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The percentage of teenagers dependent on Internet and smartphones is actually increasing,\" he says. \"So, our organization is expanding and trying to get ready to accept more students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is building more facilities to accommodate those students to deal with a problem it knows isn't going away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/28/727585904/is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-the-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases\">added \"gaming disorder\"\u003c/a> to its list of recognized addictions. That decision hasn't gone over well with South Korea's lucrative esports industry, which fears the economic fallout and stigmatization such a designation may bring. But it may bring more resources to a system already struggling to deal with the problem at hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO move may also help the U.S. government and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/tech-addiction-is-real-we-psychologists-need-to-take-it-seriously/2019/03/18/5f12ad2e-3c54-11e9-a06c-3ec8ed509d15_story.html\">mental health professionals\u003c/a> to focus on these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is important for the U.S. government and relevant experts to pay attention to this issue,\" says psychiatrist Roh, \"to screen out addicted students and provide adequate therapy to those diagnosed with game addiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Korea already has its public health crisis, he says. If the U.S. doesn't act, it won't be far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kang Jae-un contributed reporting to this story in Seoul.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hooked+On+The+Internet%2C+South+Korean+Teens+Go+Into+Digital+Detox&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/54137/hooked-on-the-internet-south-korean-teens-go-into-digital-detox","authors":["byline_mindshift_54137"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_226","mindshift_21116"],"featImg":"mindshift_54138","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53992":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53992","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53992","score":null,"sort":[1563776262000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-parents-can-model-better-screen-time-behavior-for-their-kids","title":"How Parents Can Model Better Screen Time Behavior for Their Kids","publishDate":1563776262,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Anya Kamenetz is an NPR education correspondent, a host of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">Life Kit\u003c/a> \u003cem>and author of \u003c/em>The Art Of Screen Time\u003cem>. This story draws from the book and recent reporting for Life Kit's guide, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510346/kids-and-screen-time\">Parenting: Screen Time And Your Family\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elise Potts picked up her 17-month-old daughter, Eliza, from daycare recently. When they got home they were greeted by a strange scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My husband ... he's waving his arms around like a crazy man.\" Potts says. \"He has these things in his hands, he has a black box on his face ... and [Eliza] looks and she points, all confused, and she says, 'Daddy?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daddy, it turned out, had a new Oculus virtual reality headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potts, who lives in Seattle, can't help but wonder what her daughter is making of all the digital technology that surrounds her. Eliza's reaction, she says, is \"really cute, but it's also terrifying, because I think of it from her perspective. What does that mean to her?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good question. The mobile tech revolution is barely a decade old, and it brings special challenges to parents and caregivers, says pediatrician Jenny Radesky, who sees patients at the University of Michigan and is one of the top researchers in the field of parents, children and new media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The telephone took decades to reach 50 million global users, and we had \u003cem>Pokémon Go\u003c/em> do that within, like, two and a half weeks,\" Radesky says. \"So we all feel like we've been blown over by a tidal wave of all this new stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us feel like we're failing, at least at times, to manage the competing bids for attention that come from work, kids, partners and from our digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she doesn't want to come off as \"judgy of parents,\" Radesky and other experts shared four takeaways from the research that can guide parents who want to improve their relationships both with their kids and with technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put your phone away whenever possible when you're with your kids.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us would balk at a family member coming to the dinner table with headphones in, let alone a VR headset. But phones can be just as disruptive to small interactions with children — a phenomenon that some researchers have dubbed \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.childtrends.org/videos/technoference\">technoference\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Potts, like many parents, this is a point of contention. \"It just really drives me crazy when we're all sitting at the dinner table and [my husband] will get a notification on this phone, and he thinks as long as he holds the phone out of [Eliza's] eyesight that it's OK.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents of young children pick up their phones an average of almost 70 times a day, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31195401\">pilot study\u003c/a> Radesky recently published. But most of the parents in that study underestimated both how often they picked up their phones and how much time they spent on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If glancing at the phone is partly an unconscious habit, as Radesky's study suggests, it could get dangerous. In at least two situations, distracted parenting can be a literal life or death issue — when you are driving and when you are at the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Radesky has insights about the more subtle, emotional effects of this dynamic — what she calls the \"micro-interactions\" among parents, kids and screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stop using the phone as a pacifier — for you or your kid. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potts frets over this situation with her daughter: \"We're on a bus, we stayed out a little too long somewhere and we're going home and we're late for nap time and she's going to have a meltdown ... so I pull out the phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants to know, \"Is that a bad thing?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radesky says this is incredibly common. Her research has found a correlation between behavior problems and screen use by children \u003cem>and\u003c/em> by their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By following families over time, her research has documented what she calls a \"bi-directional flow\" between parents' screen use, kids' screen use and kids' emotional issues, whether tantrums and acting out, or conversely, becoming more withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the more kids act out, the more stressed parents get. The more stressed parents get, the more they turn to screens as a distraction — for themselves and for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the more parents turn to screens, for themselves or their kids, the more their kids tend to act out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radesky adds that when you check out by pulling out your phone in tough moments, you miss important information that can help you be a better parent — and help prevent more tough moments in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to be watching, listening and gathering evidence so we can respond in the right way and help our children develop their own self-regulation skills,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use apps like Moment or Screen Time to track your screen use and block the phone from working at certain times — like during dinner.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Keep it out of sight and out of mind: Create a charging station near the front door; leave it in your bag during stressful times like the morning or evening routine.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off notifications, so you decide when to check the phone.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But life isn't perfect, and sometimes we need to be in two places at once. If you do need to use your phone around your kids:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Wait for moments your kids are truly engaged and happy doing something else.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Narrate what you are doing, says researcher danah boyd. \"Let's check the weather to see what you should wear to school,\" for instance, or, \"Let's ask Mom to pick up milk on her way home from work.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you are in the habit of using a screen to calm your child, instead try a short video or audio track that teaches more mindful calming techniques. Radesky suggests an \u003ca href=\"https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/sesame-belly-breathe/belly-breathe-sesame-street/\">Elmo \"belly breathing\" video\u003c/a> from \u003cem>Sesame Street\u003c/em>. GoNoodle has similar videos \u003ca href=\"https://family.gonoodle.com/channels/flow\">targeted to older kids\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Before you post a picture or share a cute story about your kids on social media, think twice and get their permission if possible. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A British study found that \u003ca href=\"https://parentzone.org.uk/article/average-parent-shares-almost-1500-images-their-child-online-their-5th-birthday\">parents share about 1,500 images \u003c/a>of their children by the time they are 5. Stacey Steinberg, a law professor at the University of Florida, believes we should think twice about this behavior, which she calls \"sharenting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinberg specializes in children's rights. She's also a photographer and mother of three, and she started to wonder: \"How could we balance our kids' right to privacy with our interest in sharing our stories?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinberg wants parents \"to consider the well-being of their kids not only right now but years into the future if they were to come across the information that had been being shared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check your privacy settings on all social media sites.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't share naked or partially clothed pictures or videos online.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give kids veto power over what you share as soon as they are old enough to grasp the concept of \"sending Grandma this picture\" — 3 or 4.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't openly share personally identifiable information of your children, like their faces, names, birthdays or exact addresses. That can expose them to data brokers, who build profiles and sell them to marketers; or to hackers, who can create fraudulent accounts and spoil kids' credit before they start kindergarten.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For example, after her 8-year-old's gymnastics meet, Steinberg put the laptop on the kitchen counter so they could look through photos together and pick the ones to post. Then they responded together to comments from family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a best practice for a few reasons, she says. It protects kids' privacy, and it helps them stay connected with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, it's a great way of role modeling respectful behavior and good judgment on social media. Kids need these training wheels to understand how to interact online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don't use technology to stalk your children. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apps like Find My iPhone give us the ability to see where our children are at all times. You can also check their browser history, look up grades, read their group chats and text them all day long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But should you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devorah Heitner, a parent educator and the author of\u003cem> Screenwise\u003c/em>, says, \"When our kids feel trusted, they often will make better decisions than if they don't feel trusted, because we're not encouraging them to feel like they need to lie or be deceptive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately we are raising adults who will grow up and need to make their own choices. We have to balance protecting them with empowering them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When your children turn 13 and get their own social media accounts, write down their passwords and put them in a sealed envelope. Let them know that if they seem to be in trouble, their grades slip or they skip out on curfew, you will open the envelope and find out what you need to know.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Researcher danah boyd, author of\u003cem> It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens\u003c/em>, says your kid may or may not choose to be your \"friend' on social media. As they get later on into high school, It's good to recruit trusted people in their network — older siblings, cousins, family friends or aunts — to follow them and also keep an eye out. It really does take a village.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Parents%2C+Sometimes+You%27re+The+Problem+When+It+Comes+To+Tech+Use&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Parents of young kids pick up their phones an average of almost 70 times a day — often to escape a stressful parenting moment. Here's how to stop using your phone as a pacifier, for you or your kids.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1563776262,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1592},"headData":{"title":"How Parents Can Model Better Screen Time Behavior for Their Kids | KQED","description":"Parents of young kids pick up their phones an average of almost 70 times a day — often to escape a stressful parenting moment. Here's how to stop using your phone as a pacifier, for you or your kids.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Parents Can Model Better Screen Time Behavior for Their Kids","datePublished":"2019-07-22T06:17:42.000Z","dateModified":"2019-07-22T06:17:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53992 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53992","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/07/21/how-parents-can-model-better-screen-time-behavior-for-their-kids/","disqusTitle":"How Parents Can Model Better Screen Time Behavior for Their Kids","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz","nprImageAgency":" Katherine Streeter for NPR","nprStoryId":"742168987","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=742168987&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/21/742168987/parents-sometimes-youre-the-problem-when-it-comes-to-tech-use?ft=nprml&f=742168987","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 21 Jul 2019 15:23:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 21 Jul 2019 07:01:28 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 21 Jul 2019 15:23:23 -0400","path":"/mindshift/53992/how-parents-can-model-better-screen-time-behavior-for-their-kids","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Anya Kamenetz is an NPR education correspondent, a host of \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">Life Kit\u003c/a> \u003cem>and author of \u003c/em>The Art Of Screen Time\u003cem>. This story draws from the book and recent reporting for Life Kit's guide, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510346/kids-and-screen-time\">Parenting: Screen Time And Your Family\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elise Potts picked up her 17-month-old daughter, Eliza, from daycare recently. When they got home they were greeted by a strange scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My husband ... he's waving his arms around like a crazy man.\" Potts says. \"He has these things in his hands, he has a black box on his face ... and [Eliza] looks and she points, all confused, and she says, 'Daddy?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daddy, it turned out, had a new Oculus virtual reality headset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potts, who lives in Seattle, can't help but wonder what her daughter is making of all the digital technology that surrounds her. Eliza's reaction, she says, is \"really cute, but it's also terrifying, because I think of it from her perspective. What does that mean to her?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good question. The mobile tech revolution is barely a decade old, and it brings special challenges to parents and caregivers, says pediatrician Jenny Radesky, who sees patients at the University of Michigan and is one of the top researchers in the field of parents, children and new media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The telephone took decades to reach 50 million global users, and we had \u003cem>Pokémon Go\u003c/em> do that within, like, two and a half weeks,\" Radesky says. \"So we all feel like we've been blown over by a tidal wave of all this new stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us feel like we're failing, at least at times, to manage the competing bids for attention that come from work, kids, partners and from our digital devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she doesn't want to come off as \"judgy of parents,\" Radesky and other experts shared four takeaways from the research that can guide parents who want to improve their relationships both with their kids and with technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Put your phone away whenever possible when you're with your kids.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of us would balk at a family member coming to the dinner table with headphones in, let alone a VR headset. But phones can be just as disruptive to small interactions with children — a phenomenon that some researchers have dubbed \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.childtrends.org/videos/technoference\">technoference\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Potts, like many parents, this is a point of contention. \"It just really drives me crazy when we're all sitting at the dinner table and [my husband] will get a notification on this phone, and he thinks as long as he holds the phone out of [Eliza's] eyesight that it's OK.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents of young children pick up their phones an average of almost 70 times a day, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31195401\">pilot study\u003c/a> Radesky recently published. But most of the parents in that study underestimated both how often they picked up their phones and how much time they spent on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If glancing at the phone is partly an unconscious habit, as Radesky's study suggests, it could get dangerous. In at least two situations, distracted parenting can be a literal life or death issue — when you are driving and when you are at the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Radesky has insights about the more subtle, emotional effects of this dynamic — what she calls the \"micro-interactions\" among parents, kids and screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stop using the phone as a pacifier — for you or your kid. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potts frets over this situation with her daughter: \"We're on a bus, we stayed out a little too long somewhere and we're going home and we're late for nap time and she's going to have a meltdown ... so I pull out the phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants to know, \"Is that a bad thing?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radesky says this is incredibly common. Her research has found a correlation between behavior problems and screen use by children \u003cem>and\u003c/em> by their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By following families over time, her research has documented what she calls a \"bi-directional flow\" between parents' screen use, kids' screen use and kids' emotional issues, whether tantrums and acting out, or conversely, becoming more withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the more kids act out, the more stressed parents get. The more stressed parents get, the more they turn to screens as a distraction — for themselves and for their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the more parents turn to screens, for themselves or their kids, the more their kids tend to act out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radesky adds that when you check out by pulling out your phone in tough moments, you miss important information that can help you be a better parent — and help prevent more tough moments in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to be watching, listening and gathering evidence so we can respond in the right way and help our children develop their own self-regulation skills,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use apps like Moment or Screen Time to track your screen use and block the phone from working at certain times — like during dinner.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Keep it out of sight and out of mind: Create a charging station near the front door; leave it in your bag during stressful times like the morning or evening routine.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off notifications, so you decide when to check the phone.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But life isn't perfect, and sometimes we need to be in two places at once. If you do need to use your phone around your kids:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Wait for moments your kids are truly engaged and happy doing something else.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Narrate what you are doing, says researcher danah boyd. \"Let's check the weather to see what you should wear to school,\" for instance, or, \"Let's ask Mom to pick up milk on her way home from work.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you are in the habit of using a screen to calm your child, instead try a short video or audio track that teaches more mindful calming techniques. Radesky suggests an \u003ca href=\"https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/sesame-belly-breathe/belly-breathe-sesame-street/\">Elmo \"belly breathing\" video\u003c/a> from \u003cem>Sesame Street\u003c/em>. GoNoodle has similar videos \u003ca href=\"https://family.gonoodle.com/channels/flow\">targeted to older kids\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Before you post a picture or share a cute story about your kids on social media, think twice and get their permission if possible. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A British study found that \u003ca href=\"https://parentzone.org.uk/article/average-parent-shares-almost-1500-images-their-child-online-their-5th-birthday\">parents share about 1,500 images \u003c/a>of their children by the time they are 5. Stacey Steinberg, a law professor at the University of Florida, believes we should think twice about this behavior, which she calls \"sharenting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinberg specializes in children's rights. She's also a photographer and mother of three, and she started to wonder: \"How could we balance our kids' right to privacy with our interest in sharing our stories?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steinberg wants parents \"to consider the well-being of their kids not only right now but years into the future if they were to come across the information that had been being shared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check your privacy settings on all social media sites.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't share naked or partially clothed pictures or videos online.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Give kids veto power over what you share as soon as they are old enough to grasp the concept of \"sending Grandma this picture\" — 3 or 4.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don't openly share personally identifiable information of your children, like their faces, names, birthdays or exact addresses. That can expose them to data brokers, who build profiles and sell them to marketers; or to hackers, who can create fraudulent accounts and spoil kids' credit before they start kindergarten.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For example, after her 8-year-old's gymnastics meet, Steinberg put the laptop on the kitchen counter so they could look through photos together and pick the ones to post. Then they responded together to comments from family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a best practice for a few reasons, she says. It protects kids' privacy, and it helps them stay connected with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, it's a great way of role modeling respectful behavior and good judgment on social media. Kids need these training wheels to understand how to interact online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don't use technology to stalk your children. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apps like Find My iPhone give us the ability to see where our children are at all times. You can also check their browser history, look up grades, read their group chats and text them all day long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But should you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devorah Heitner, a parent educator and the author of\u003cem> Screenwise\u003c/em>, says, \"When our kids feel trusted, they often will make better decisions than if they don't feel trusted, because we're not encouraging them to feel like they need to lie or be deceptive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately we are raising adults who will grow up and need to make their own choices. We have to balance protecting them with empowering them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>When your children turn 13 and get their own social media accounts, write down their passwords and put them in a sealed envelope. Let them know that if they seem to be in trouble, their grades slip or they skip out on curfew, you will open the envelope and find out what you need to know.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Researcher danah boyd, author of\u003cem> It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens\u003c/em>, says your kid may or may not choose to be your \"friend' on social media. As they get later on into high school, It's good to recruit trusted people in their network — older siblings, cousins, family friends or aunts — to follow them and also keep an eye out. It really does take a village.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Parents%2C+Sometimes+You%27re+The+Problem+When+It+Comes+To+Tech+Use&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53992/how-parents-can-model-better-screen-time-behavior-for-their-kids","authors":["byline_mindshift_53992"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_822","mindshift_968","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21116","mindshift_20816"],"featImg":"mindshift_53993","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53905":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53905","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53905","score":null,"sort":[1562133456000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"frustrated-with-the-distractions-phones-cause-some-schools-ban-them","title":"Frustrated With The Distractions Phones Cause, Some Schools Ban Them","publishDate":1562133456,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Ask almost any teacher about their daily frustrations in the classroom and it won’t be long until you hear about students and their phones. Not only do teachers worry that their students aren’t learning because they’re distracted, but many also complain that constantly policing phone use damages their relationships with students. The issue has gotten to a point where some schools are banning phones during the school day, forcing kids to lock them up in little pouches every morning and unlocking them when the day is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo High School plans to use a company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.overyondr.com/howitworks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yondr\u003c/a>, which makes an opaque pouch for phones that is locked and unlocked with a magnet. The school piloted Yondr two ways, trying both an all day version with a group of students, as well as class specific pilots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was their testing subject,” said Edward Huang, a sophomore at San Mateo High on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101870858/high-school-locks-up-cell-phones-hoping-for-more-attentive-less-isolated-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED's Forum program\u003c/a>. He would come to school early, put his phone in a Yondr pouch, go through the school day, and then return to the office to get his phone back at the end of the day. He also attended staff meetings where teachers and students gave feedback on the pilots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of students never noticed the difference,” Huang said.\"They actually noticed a lot of benefits. They were more engaged in class and socially.” For himself, Huang found it stressful that he couldn’t access his phone during the day because he needed to communicate with his baseball coach. He discovered that he could open the pouch on his own if he brought a strong magnet. There's even a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/teenagers/comments/972r7v/yondr_pouches_anyway_to_get_around_them/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reddit thread\u003c/a> about how to circumvent the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before running the pilot, San Mateo High assistant principal Adam Gelb visited nearby San Lorenzo High School where cellphones have been off limits for three years already. He was impressed by what he saw there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a different sound on campus; it sounded alive,” Gelb said. “There were students interacting with one another. There were students playing cards, engaged in rap battles, dance battles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students at San Mateo High understand why the Yondr pouches might be helpful to maintain focus during class, but are opposed to losing phone access during lunch and other breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adults think it’s taking us away from the physical world, which is our human connection,” said sophomore Michiaki Sato. “I think the truth is that the technology is making us a new reality. We have a life on earth and we have a life on our phones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arienne Adamcikova teaches Spanish at San Mateo High. She piloted the Yondr pouch in her classroom and recommended that the whole school adopt its usage after experiencing how it changed the dynamic. She says taking phones out of the equation improved her relationship with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was immediately beneficial,” Adamcikova said. “I no longer had to be this warden going around saying you need to turn that in either to my desk or the office.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But students say they do homework on their phones and access digital assignments during lunch. And while they agree that they and their peers are on their phones a lot at lunch, they don’t see anything wrong with that, pointing out that sometimes they need a break from interacting with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like students should have the freedom to choose if they want to be on their phone or they don’t,\" said sophomore Clarissa Chen. “There are some people who don’t want to talk to people and they don't want to just sit there and not have anything to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also talked about the anxiety they feel when they can’t check their phones. They know their friends are posting things and texting them and they’re worried they’ll be left out of the conversation. Their teachers understand that to a certain extent, but they’re hopeful that after a short adjustment period this new policy will lead to a better learning environment where students interact with one another more directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think culturally we’re all going through this connective need to constantly click and check social media and what’s going on online,” Adamcikova said. “I think that we’re trying to push back as a whole school and create a new culture. A culture where if everybody is in it together, then we’re all engaged together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, whenever adults ban something kids find a way around the rule. Just look at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/31705/why-l-a-students-hacked-into-ipads-district-is-locking-us-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iPad rollout in Los Angeles\u003c/a> and how easily kids circumvented the pre-installed internet filters. San Mateo High kids admitted as much. They’re already scheming ways to get around the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of having Yondr is supposed to have a connection between teachers and students,” Sato said, “but now that students are going to be sneaky, it’s actually going to open up a bigger gap between administration and students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says some students are already planning to bring “dummy” phones to put in the Yondr pouches, and everyone already knows the magnet trick, a flaw that Yondr says it has fixed in their newest version. Some parents are also concerned that if students don’t have access to their phones during the day it will be difficult to contact them in an emergency. Assistant Principal Adam Gelb says the school is putting in place new procedures to train parents to call the office in an emergency, instead of directly contacting their child in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like we could do a lot better things with our funding,\" maintained sophomore Clarissa Chen. She feels the whole student body is being punished because a few kids don't have self control around phone use.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Phones are potent learning tools, but they've also become big distractions in many classrooms. Now, some schools are taking steps to reduce their temptation by banning their use during the entire school day.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1576870610,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1015},"headData":{"title":"Frustrated With The Distractions Phones Cause, Some Schools Ban Them | KQED","description":"Phones are potent learning tools, but they've also become big distractions in many classrooms. Now, some schools are taking steps to reduce their temptation by banning their use during the entire school day.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Frustrated With The Distractions Phones Cause, Some Schools Ban Them","datePublished":"2019-07-03T05:57:36.000Z","dateModified":"2019-12-20T19:36:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53905 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53905","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/07/02/frustrated-with-the-distractions-phones-cause-some-schools-ban-them/","disqusTitle":"Frustrated With The Distractions Phones Cause, Some Schools Ban Them","path":"/mindshift/53905/frustrated-with-the-distractions-phones-cause-some-schools-ban-them","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ask almost any teacher about their daily frustrations in the classroom and it won’t be long until you hear about students and their phones. Not only do teachers worry that their students aren’t learning because they’re distracted, but many also complain that constantly policing phone use damages their relationships with students. The issue has gotten to a point where some schools are banning phones during the school day, forcing kids to lock them up in little pouches every morning and unlocking them when the day is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo High School plans to use a company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.overyondr.com/howitworks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yondr\u003c/a>, which makes an opaque pouch for phones that is locked and unlocked with a magnet. The school piloted Yondr two ways, trying both an all day version with a group of students, as well as class specific pilots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was their testing subject,” said Edward Huang, a sophomore at San Mateo High on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101870858/high-school-locks-up-cell-phones-hoping-for-more-attentive-less-isolated-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED's Forum program\u003c/a>. He would come to school early, put his phone in a Yondr pouch, go through the school day, and then return to the office to get his phone back at the end of the day. He also attended staff meetings where teachers and students gave feedback on the pilots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of students never noticed the difference,” Huang said.\"They actually noticed a lot of benefits. They were more engaged in class and socially.” For himself, Huang found it stressful that he couldn’t access his phone during the day because he needed to communicate with his baseball coach. He discovered that he could open the pouch on his own if he brought a strong magnet. There's even a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/teenagers/comments/972r7v/yondr_pouches_anyway_to_get_around_them/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reddit thread\u003c/a> about how to circumvent the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before running the pilot, San Mateo High assistant principal Adam Gelb visited nearby San Lorenzo High School where cellphones have been off limits for three years already. He was impressed by what he saw there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a different sound on campus; it sounded alive,” Gelb said. “There were students interacting with one another. There were students playing cards, engaged in rap battles, dance battles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students at San Mateo High understand why the Yondr pouches might be helpful to maintain focus during class, but are opposed to losing phone access during lunch and other breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adults think it’s taking us away from the physical world, which is our human connection,” said sophomore Michiaki Sato. “I think the truth is that the technology is making us a new reality. We have a life on earth and we have a life on our phones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arienne Adamcikova teaches Spanish at San Mateo High. She piloted the Yondr pouch in her classroom and recommended that the whole school adopt its usage after experiencing how it changed the dynamic. She says taking phones out of the equation improved her relationship with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was immediately beneficial,” Adamcikova said. “I no longer had to be this warden going around saying you need to turn that in either to my desk or the office.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But students say they do homework on their phones and access digital assignments during lunch. And while they agree that they and their peers are on their phones a lot at lunch, they don’t see anything wrong with that, pointing out that sometimes they need a break from interacting with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like students should have the freedom to choose if they want to be on their phone or they don’t,\" said sophomore Clarissa Chen. “There are some people who don’t want to talk to people and they don't want to just sit there and not have anything to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also talked about the anxiety they feel when they can’t check their phones. They know their friends are posting things and texting them and they’re worried they’ll be left out of the conversation. Their teachers understand that to a certain extent, but they’re hopeful that after a short adjustment period this new policy will lead to a better learning environment where students interact with one another more directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think culturally we’re all going through this connective need to constantly click and check social media and what’s going on online,” Adamcikova said. “I think that we’re trying to push back as a whole school and create a new culture. A culture where if everybody is in it together, then we’re all engaged together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, whenever adults ban something kids find a way around the rule. Just look at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/31705/why-l-a-students-hacked-into-ipads-district-is-locking-us-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iPad rollout in Los Angeles\u003c/a> and how easily kids circumvented the pre-installed internet filters. San Mateo High kids admitted as much. They’re already scheming ways to get around the new system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of having Yondr is supposed to have a connection between teachers and students,” Sato said, “but now that students are going to be sneaky, it’s actually going to open up a bigger gap between administration and students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says some students are already planning to bring “dummy” phones to put in the Yondr pouches, and everyone already knows the magnet trick, a flaw that Yondr says it has fixed in their newest version. Some parents are also concerned that if students don’t have access to their phones during the day it will be difficult to contact them in an emergency. Assistant Principal Adam Gelb says the school is putting in place new procedures to train parents to call the office in an emergency, instead of directly contacting their child in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like we could do a lot better things with our funding,\" maintained sophomore Clarissa Chen. She feels the whole student body is being punished because a few kids don't have self control around phone use.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53905/frustrated-with-the-distractions-phones-cause-some-schools-ban-them","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_685","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_21116","mindshift_21275"],"featImg":"mindshift_53907","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53910":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53910","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53910","score":null,"sort":[1561962106000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"at-your-wits-end-with-a-screen-obsessed-kid-read-this","title":"At Your Wits' End With A Screen-Obsessed Kid? Read This","publishDate":1561962106,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story is based on an episode of NPR's \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff and Ellie live in a suburban Chicago neighborhood that looks familiar from movies like \u003cem>Pretty in Pink\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Ferris Bueller's Day Off\u003c/em> — both filmed in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have three kids — Nathan, 5, Benji, 11, and Abby, 14 — and they're worried that all three are too into their screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An all-too-common experienc\u003c/strong>e\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-eight percent of families with children now have smartphones. Young children Nathan's age consume over two hours of media per day on average, tweens take in about six hours, and teens use their devices for nine hours a day, according to the nonprofit Common Sense Media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology overuse ranked as the No. 1 fear of parents of teenagers in a national survey last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we sit in the family room, Ellie tell us how it feels to have a houseful of tiny electronic devices that travel with her kids into their bedrooms, to the table, in the car — everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're the first generation of parents that has to do this monitoring,\" Ellie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: Nathan, her 5-year-old, is tugging at her sleeve:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mommy, Mommy. MOMMY, CAN I PLAY ON YOUR IPAD? CAN I NOW?! PLEASE! PLEASE! \u003cem>PLEASE!\u003c/em>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The problem with time-based rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did Geoff and Ellie get here? They are not hands-off parents, nor are they lacking in rules. In the kitchen, Ellie has posted color-coded schedules for all three kids, which show when each child is allowed to use screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the kids don't listen. They fight back and complain. And sometimes, with dad working full time, mom part time, and three kids with three different schools and three different schedules, the rules fall through the cracks. \"Give them an inch, and they'll take a mile and you're in trouble,\" Ellie says. \"It's exhausting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, all three kids are sitting in separate corners on the sectional couch in the family room, each on his or her own device. Nathan, the little one, is playing on his iPad, totally hidden under a blanket — head and all. As I talk with Abby, Benji looks up and comments, \"This is the most I've heard my sister say in a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie puts it this way: \"I lost my daughter when I gave her the cell phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've brought an expert to observe and to give Geoff and Ellie some tips. Devorah Heitner has a Ph.D. in media, technology and society from Northwestern University and is author of the book \u003cem>Screenwise\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner says she hears this kind of thing all the time. \"I think all parents are like, 'Can you just tell me how many minutes?' Or I'll go speak at schools, and people will say, 'Can you just tell me the device I can use to fix the problem?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This misconception comes in part from the media, she says, and from companies — Apple, Google, Amazon — that advertise parental controls and settings as a magic solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner and other experts do say to draw a bright line — and be a little authoritarian if you have to — over two times of day: bedtime and mealtime. Research says that more than two hours a day of screen time for young children doubles the risk of childhood obesity. Staring at screens can interfere with sleep, not only because of blue light but because of the emotional excitement of media content and the feeling of urgency about responding to messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in general, Heitner advises that families like this one need to switch from monitoring to mentoring. Policing their kids' device use isn't working. They need to understand why their kids are using devices and what their kids get out of those devices so they can help the kids shift their habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The relationship between teens, screens and mental health is complex and multidirectional\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real lightning bolt of wisdom on this comes from the oldest child, Abby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby, who has braces and a short crop of curly hair, is snuggled in a hoodie. She starts our conversation speaking softly, but when asked what she wishes grown-ups knew about the phone, she speaks right up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Taking it away won't eliminate problems, 'cause it's not the sole reason that they existed in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby's mom has sent her articles about research linking teen depression and suicide to screen use. A 2017 article in \u003cem>The Atlantic \u003c/em>magazine — \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\">Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?\u003c/a>\" — drew a link between negative trends in teens' mental health and the rise of smartphones and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Abby has a point: The relationship between screens and kids' mental and emotional health may not be so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[People always say] the iPhones are the only reason kids are depressed and can't sleep and have all of these problems — not stress from school, from other people, from other things happening,\" Abby says. \"It's never the only reason.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, a paper from Oxford University analyzed the same data featured in that \u003cem>Atlantic\u003c/em> article — more than 350,000 participants in three huge surveys — and arrived at a different conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The negative relationship between teens' mental health and technology use is real — but tiny, the researchers found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is extremely, extremely small,\" says Amy Orben, the lead author of that paper and two other related studies. \"A teenager's technology use can only predict less than 1% of variation in well-being. It's so small that it's surpassed by whether a teenager wears glasses to school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Orben's view, Abby is dead-on. As Heitner says, \"If you hand a happy kid a phone, they're not going to turn into an unhappy, miserable kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner does caution, however, that devices can \"turn up the volume\" on existing issues. Children who have special needs or mental health challenges are also more likely to have problems with screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This goes for Benji, the middle child. He has anxiety, ADHD and emotional disabilities, and he is prone to meltdowns. Heitner says, in cases like his, parents should consult a professional who knows the child, be it a psychiatrist or occupational therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's another side to that dynamic as well. Some children and teenagers who struggle with mental or emotional health may find that zoning out and playing a game helps them regulate their emotions and avoid meltdowns. For this family, for example, letting Benji bring his iPad allowed him to sit through his big sister's eighth-grade graduation, and that's a trade-off the family is willing to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And kids can use smartphones to connect with others and therefore feel better too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a national study of teens and young adults, Vicky Rideout, a longtime media-effects researcher, found no significant relationship between the young people's self-reported mental health and how often they used social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young people in the study who \u003cem>were \u003c/em>depressed didn't use social media more often — but they did use it differently, sometimes to feel better. \"One of the things that teens are doing online is searching for information and tools to help promote their well-being,\" Rideout says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has been Abby's experience. \"When you're really upset, you can use your phone to distract yourself, or contact a friend who can help you, or use it to get your mind off the bad thoughts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to strike a balance? To start, try mentoring, not monitoring\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner's work emphasizes a concept that's also put forth by the American Academy of Pediatrics in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Announces-New-Recommendations-for-Childrens-Media-Use.aspx\">guidelines for parents\u003c/a>: media mentoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to monitoring — with charts, schedules and parental controls — mentoring means understanding the media that kids use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mentoring is knowing the difference between Minecraft and Fortnite. Mentoring is looking at the emotional effects of playing in a competitive mode versus a collaborative mode,\" Heitner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's understanding that ... what your kids are doing is part of their identity, whether it's through the kinds of people they follow on Tumblr or the kinds of things they share.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby, for example, follows YouTubers who talk about important issues — emotions, mental health, body image, self-esteem. It's important that her parents understand what she is looking at so they can talk to her about it, share their own values and offer support if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This goes double if your kids encounter stuff that is more questionable — porn, video bloggers with hateful messages or bullying or drama with peers online. Parents can't step in and solve social problems, but they can be sounding boards for advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look for the good in your kids' media interests\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Benji, Minecraft is a social space where he plays with other kids and pulls pranks. He says he wishes his parents understood more about his screen use — \"why it's entertaining and why we want to do it. And also, for YouTube, why I watch other people playing games. When you watch sports, you're watching another person playing a game! Why is it so different when you're watching a person play a video game?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby points out that as kids get older, having their own private worlds online is kind of the point. \"There's a language that teenagers have formed though memes — it would be hard to explain\" to adults, she says. But Geoff, her dad, jokes with her about it: \"There are things that I understand, even though I'm super old.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner reminds Geoff and Ellie that the distance they feel from their oldest is also a normal part of growing up. Ellie responds, \"That's a really important fact. I didn't think of it that way. I just thought of it as it's the phone's fault.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Work together as a family to make changes.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, Heitner gets on the phone with Geoff and Ellie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She tells them to get the devices out of sight and out of mind more often. This goes for mom and dad too, she says. Her advice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ban devices at mealtime.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Take Abby's phone away at night.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Impose more chores. Even the 5-year-old can put away his own toys, Heitner says. The older kids can do their own laundry and load and unload the dishwasher. Send the 14-year-old into the grocery store with a list. \"It's a source of self-esteem to get things done for the family and to be valued in the family.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Introduce new interests. For Benji, Heitner says, set a goal this summer to try to reduce screen time and add something else in.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Try more screen-free whole-family activities like board games, a trip to the water park, or just a walk after dinner to get ice cream.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ask Benji to monitor his own mood after he plays video games, say, on a color chart. Heitner says this can help him develop self-regulation skills. Instead of just fighting against the limits his parents set, \"it would be good for him to start to see, OK, an hour is good, but two hours starts to make me a little crazy.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Little changes, big differences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks later, we checked back in with Geoff and Ellie to see how things were going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said that they sat down with all three kids with \"a bribe\" — their favorite Ben & Jerry's ice cream — to talk about making some changes to the screen-time rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan, the little one, was pretty easy — he's playing more with his toys now and reading books during snack time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benji has made the most progress. He tells us he has been reading a lot more. He found a book series he loves, Wings of Fire, about dragons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has advice for parents who want to help their kids cut back on screen time. \"If you have kids who are interested in fantasy games, maybe they'll like fantasy books, or if they're interested in sports games or animals, maybe they'll like realistic fiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents say his mood is much better. They're amazed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby, the oldest, has been the toughest nut to crack. But she has been helping out more around the house and doing more projects like cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She made edible cookie dough from a recipe she found online, and the whole family ate it together while watching \u003cem>Ferris Bueller's Day Off\u003c/em> — a bit of sanctioned screen time, because it counts as a whole-family activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=At+Your+Wits%27+End+With+A+Screen-Obsessed+Kid%3F+Read+This&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NPR's Life Kit sent a parenting expert to help a family cope with its kids' device fixation. The family learned that setting media boundaries means more than limiting the time kids spend on screens.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1561962168,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":63,"wordCount":2149},"headData":{"title":"At Your Wits' End With A Screen-Obsessed Kid? Read This | KQED","description":"NPR's Life Kit sent a parenting expert to help a family cope with its kids' device fixation. The family learned that setting media boundaries means more than limiting the time kids spend on screens.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"At Your Wits' End With A Screen-Obsessed Kid? Read This","datePublished":"2019-07-01T06:21:46.000Z","dateModified":"2019-07-01T06:22:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53910 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53910","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/06/30/at-your-wits-end-with-a-screen-obsessed-kid-read-this/","disqusTitle":"At Your Wits' End With A Screen-Obsessed Kid? Read This","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz and Chloee Weiner","nprImageAgency":"LA Johnson/NPR","nprStoryId":"736214974","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=736214974&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/30/736214974/at-your-wits-end-with-a-screen-obsessed-kid-read-this?ft=nprml&f=736214974","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Sun, 30 Jun 2019 13:21:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Sun, 30 Jun 2019 08:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Sun, 30 Jun 2019 13:21:27 -0400","path":"/mindshift/53910/at-your-wits-end-with-a-screen-obsessed-kid-read-this","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story is based on an episode of NPR's \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff and Ellie live in a suburban Chicago neighborhood that looks familiar from movies like \u003cem>Pretty in Pink\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Ferris Bueller's Day Off\u003c/em> — both filmed in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have three kids — Nathan, 5, Benji, 11, and Abby, 14 — and they're worried that all three are too into their screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An all-too-common experienc\u003c/strong>e\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-eight percent of families with children now have smartphones. Young children Nathan's age consume over two hours of media per day on average, tweens take in about six hours, and teens use their devices for nine hours a day, according to the nonprofit Common Sense Media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology overuse ranked as the No. 1 fear of parents of teenagers in a national survey last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we sit in the family room, Ellie tell us how it feels to have a houseful of tiny electronic devices that travel with her kids into their bedrooms, to the table, in the car — everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're the first generation of parents that has to do this monitoring,\" Ellie says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: Nathan, her 5-year-old, is tugging at her sleeve:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mommy, Mommy. MOMMY, CAN I PLAY ON YOUR IPAD? CAN I NOW?! PLEASE! PLEASE! \u003cem>PLEASE!\u003c/em>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The problem with time-based rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did Geoff and Ellie get here? They are not hands-off parents, nor are they lacking in rules. In the kitchen, Ellie has posted color-coded schedules for all three kids, which show when each child is allowed to use screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the kids don't listen. They fight back and complain. And sometimes, with dad working full time, mom part time, and three kids with three different schools and three different schedules, the rules fall through the cracks. \"Give them an inch, and they'll take a mile and you're in trouble,\" Ellie says. \"It's exhausting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, all three kids are sitting in separate corners on the sectional couch in the family room, each on his or her own device. Nathan, the little one, is playing on his iPad, totally hidden under a blanket — head and all. As I talk with Abby, Benji looks up and comments, \"This is the most I've heard my sister say in a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellie puts it this way: \"I lost my daughter when I gave her the cell phone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've brought an expert to observe and to give Geoff and Ellie some tips. Devorah Heitner has a Ph.D. in media, technology and society from Northwestern University and is author of the book \u003cem>Screenwise\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner says she hears this kind of thing all the time. \"I think all parents are like, 'Can you just tell me how many minutes?' Or I'll go speak at schools, and people will say, 'Can you just tell me the device I can use to fix the problem?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This misconception comes in part from the media, she says, and from companies — Apple, Google, Amazon — that advertise parental controls and settings as a magic solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner and other experts do say to draw a bright line — and be a little authoritarian if you have to — over two times of day: bedtime and mealtime. Research says that more than two hours a day of screen time for young children doubles the risk of childhood obesity. Staring at screens can interfere with sleep, not only because of blue light but because of the emotional excitement of media content and the feeling of urgency about responding to messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in general, Heitner advises that families like this one need to switch from monitoring to mentoring. Policing their kids' device use isn't working. They need to understand why their kids are using devices and what their kids get out of those devices so they can help the kids shift their habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The relationship between teens, screens and mental health is complex and multidirectional\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real lightning bolt of wisdom on this comes from the oldest child, Abby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby, who has braces and a short crop of curly hair, is snuggled in a hoodie. She starts our conversation speaking softly, but when asked what she wishes grown-ups knew about the phone, she speaks right up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Taking it away won't eliminate problems, 'cause it's not the sole reason that they existed in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby's mom has sent her articles about research linking teen depression and suicide to screen use. A 2017 article in \u003cem>The Atlantic \u003c/em>magazine — \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\">Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?\u003c/a>\" — drew a link between negative trends in teens' mental health and the rise of smartphones and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Abby has a point: The relationship between screens and kids' mental and emotional health may not be so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[People always say] the iPhones are the only reason kids are depressed and can't sleep and have all of these problems — not stress from school, from other people, from other things happening,\" Abby says. \"It's never the only reason.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, a paper from Oxford University analyzed the same data featured in that \u003cem>Atlantic\u003c/em> article — more than 350,000 participants in three huge surveys — and arrived at a different conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The negative relationship between teens' mental health and technology use is real — but tiny, the researchers found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is extremely, extremely small,\" says Amy Orben, the lead author of that paper and two other related studies. \"A teenager's technology use can only predict less than 1% of variation in well-being. It's so small that it's surpassed by whether a teenager wears glasses to school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Orben's view, Abby is dead-on. As Heitner says, \"If you hand a happy kid a phone, they're not going to turn into an unhappy, miserable kid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner does caution, however, that devices can \"turn up the volume\" on existing issues. Children who have special needs or mental health challenges are also more likely to have problems with screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This goes for Benji, the middle child. He has anxiety, ADHD and emotional disabilities, and he is prone to meltdowns. Heitner says, in cases like his, parents should consult a professional who knows the child, be it a psychiatrist or occupational therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's another side to that dynamic as well. Some children and teenagers who struggle with mental or emotional health may find that zoning out and playing a game helps them regulate their emotions and avoid meltdowns. For this family, for example, letting Benji bring his iPad allowed him to sit through his big sister's eighth-grade graduation, and that's a trade-off the family is willing to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And kids can use smartphones to connect with others and therefore feel better too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a national study of teens and young adults, Vicky Rideout, a longtime media-effects researcher, found no significant relationship between the young people's self-reported mental health and how often they used social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young people in the study who \u003cem>were \u003c/em>depressed didn't use social media more often — but they did use it differently, sometimes to feel better. \"One of the things that teens are doing online is searching for information and tools to help promote their well-being,\" Rideout says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has been Abby's experience. \"When you're really upset, you can use your phone to distract yourself, or contact a friend who can help you, or use it to get your mind off the bad thoughts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to strike a balance? To start, try mentoring, not monitoring\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner's work emphasizes a concept that's also put forth by the American Academy of Pediatrics in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Announces-New-Recommendations-for-Childrens-Media-Use.aspx\">guidelines for parents\u003c/a>: media mentoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As opposed to monitoring — with charts, schedules and parental controls — mentoring means understanding the media that kids use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mentoring is knowing the difference between Minecraft and Fortnite. Mentoring is looking at the emotional effects of playing in a competitive mode versus a collaborative mode,\" Heitner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's understanding that ... what your kids are doing is part of their identity, whether it's through the kinds of people they follow on Tumblr or the kinds of things they share.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby, for example, follows YouTubers who talk about important issues — emotions, mental health, body image, self-esteem. It's important that her parents understand what she is looking at so they can talk to her about it, share their own values and offer support if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This goes double if your kids encounter stuff that is more questionable — porn, video bloggers with hateful messages or bullying or drama with peers online. Parents can't step in and solve social problems, but they can be sounding boards for advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look for the good in your kids' media interests\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Benji, Minecraft is a social space where he plays with other kids and pulls pranks. He says he wishes his parents understood more about his screen use — \"why it's entertaining and why we want to do it. And also, for YouTube, why I watch other people playing games. When you watch sports, you're watching another person playing a game! Why is it so different when you're watching a person play a video game?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby points out that as kids get older, having their own private worlds online is kind of the point. \"There's a language that teenagers have formed though memes — it would be hard to explain\" to adults, she says. But Geoff, her dad, jokes with her about it: \"There are things that I understand, even though I'm super old.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heitner reminds Geoff and Ellie that the distance they feel from their oldest is also a normal part of growing up. Ellie responds, \"That's a really important fact. I didn't think of it that way. I just thought of it as it's the phone's fault.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Work together as a family to make changes.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, Heitner gets on the phone with Geoff and Ellie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She tells them to get the devices out of sight and out of mind more often. This goes for mom and dad too, she says. Her advice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ban devices at mealtime.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Take Abby's phone away at night.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Impose more chores. Even the 5-year-old can put away his own toys, Heitner says. The older kids can do their own laundry and load and unload the dishwasher. Send the 14-year-old into the grocery store with a list. \"It's a source of self-esteem to get things done for the family and to be valued in the family.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Introduce new interests. For Benji, Heitner says, set a goal this summer to try to reduce screen time and add something else in.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Try more screen-free whole-family activities like board games, a trip to the water park, or just a walk after dinner to get ice cream.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ask Benji to monitor his own mood after he plays video games, say, on a color chart. Heitner says this can help him develop self-regulation skills. Instead of just fighting against the limits his parents set, \"it would be good for him to start to see, OK, an hour is good, but two hours starts to make me a little crazy.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Little changes, big differences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks later, we checked back in with Geoff and Ellie to see how things were going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said that they sat down with all three kids with \"a bribe\" — their favorite Ben & Jerry's ice cream — to talk about making some changes to the screen-time rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan, the little one, was pretty easy — he's playing more with his toys now and reading books during snack time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benji has made the most progress. He tells us he has been reading a lot more. He found a book series he loves, Wings of Fire, about dragons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has advice for parents who want to help their kids cut back on screen time. \"If you have kids who are interested in fantasy games, maybe they'll like fantasy books, or if they're interested in sports games or animals, maybe they'll like realistic fiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents say his mood is much better. They're amazed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby, the oldest, has been the toughest nut to crack. But she has been helping out more around the house and doing more projects like cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She made edible cookie dough from a recipe she found online, and the whole family ate it together while watching \u003cem>Ferris Bueller's Day Off\u003c/em> — a bit of sanctioned screen time, because it counts as a whole-family activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=At+Your+Wits%27+End+With+A+Screen-Obsessed+Kid%3F+Read+This&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53910/at-your-wits-end-with-a-screen-obsessed-kid-read-this","authors":["byline_mindshift_53910"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_685","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20865","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21116","mindshift_20816","mindshift_21159"],"featImg":"mindshift_53911","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53753":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53753","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53753","score":null,"sort":[1559199085000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases","title":"Is 'Gaming Disorder' An Illness? WHO Says Yes, Adding It To Its List Of Diseases","publishDate":1559199085,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was originally published in 2018 and has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are popular. They are controversial. And now, video games have just become an internationally recognized addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 25, the World Health Organization officially voted to adopt the latest edition of its International Classification of Diseases, or ICD, to include an entry on \"gaming disorder\" as a behavioral addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a move that could alarm parents all over the country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/17/5-facts-about-americans-and-video-games/\">According to Pew\u003c/a>, 97 percent of teen boys and 83 percent of girls play games on some kind of device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to be classified as having a disease, being a video game fan isn't enough. According to WHO, the criteria doesn't include a certain amount of hours spent playing. Instead, the description is of someone with an inability to stop playing even though it interferes with other areas of one's life, such as family relationships, school, work, and sleep. And, these problems would typically continue for at least one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although WHO's voice is powerful, it's not the last word in the world of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a fairly even split in the scientific community about whether 'tech addiction' is a real thing,\" says Dr. Michael Bishop, who runs Summerland, which he calls \"a summer camp for screen overuse\" for teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dueling diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technology addiction\" doesn't appear in the latest \u003cem>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,\u003c/em> the \u003cem>DSM-V, \u003c/em>published in 2013. That's the bible of the psychiatric profession in the United States. The closest it comes is something called \"Internet Gaming Disorder,\" and that is listed as a condition for further study, not an official diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This omission is important not only because it shapes therapists' and doctors' understanding of their patients but because without an official DSM code, it is harder to bill insurers for treatment of a specific issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nicholas Kardaras is the author of the 2016 book \u003cem>Glow Kids: How Screen Addiction Is Hijacking Our Kids. \u003c/em>There are brain-imaging studies of the effects of screen time, he says. And he also has treated many teens who are so wrapped up in video games that they don't even get up to use the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the evidence is clear, but we're not ready to face it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have, as a society, gone all-in on tech,\" he says. \"So we don't want some buzz-killing truth sayers telling us that the emperor has no clothes and that the devices that we've all so fallen in love with can be a problem\" — especially for kids and their developing brains, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addiction may not be an official term in the U.S., at least not yet. But researchers and clinicians like Bishop, who avoid using it, are still concerned about some of the patterns of behavior they see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came to this issue out of a place of deep skepticism: addicted to video games? That can't be right,\" said Dr. Douglas Gentile at Iowa State University, who has been researching the effects of media on children for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"I've been forced by data to accept that it's a problem,\" he told me when I interviewed him\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/01/29/579555277/what-kind-of-screen-time-parent-are-you-take-this-quiz-and-find-out\"> for my book\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Art of Screen Time\u003c/em>. \"Addiction to video games and Internet use, defined as 'serious dysfunction in multiple aspects of your life that achieves clinical significance,' does seem to exist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring problematic use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile's definition doesn't address the questions of whether media can cause changes in your brain or create a true physical dependency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also doesn't address the question, raised by some of the clinicians I've spoken with, of whether media overuse is best thought of as a symptom of something else, such as depression, anxiety or ADHD. Gentile's definition simply asks whether someone's relationship to media is causing problems to the extent that the person would benefit from getting some help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile was one of the co-authors of a study published in November that tried to shed more light on that question. The study \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-51599-001\">has the subtitle\u003c/a> \"A Parent Report Measure of Screen Media 'Addiction' in Children.\" Note that the term addiction is in quotes here. In the study, researchers asked parents of school-age children to complete a questionnaire based on the criteria for \"Internet Gaming Disorder.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it asked: Is their preferred media activity the only thing that puts them in a good mood? Are they angry or otherwise unhappy when forced to unplug? Is their use increasing over time? Do they sneak around to use screens? Does it interfere with family activities, friendships or school?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts I've talked to say the question of whether an adult, or a child, has a problem with technology can't be answered simply by measuring screen time. What matters most, this study suggests, is your relationship to it, and that requires looking at the full context of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Domoff, the lead author on that study, runs the Problematic Media Assessment and Treatment clinic at the Center for Children, Families, and Communities at Central Michigan University. She works with young people directly, and also trains pediatricians to spot problems with screens and to offer help to families. She says that problems with video games often are found in children who also have a diagnosis such as ADHD or autism spectrum, while young people who have problems with social media are more likely to have a diagnosis such as depression or anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than go \"cold turkey\" on technology, she focuses on helping families with \"harm reduction\" such as keeping devices out of the bedroom and making sure that young people go to school, spend time with friends and play outdoors. Addiction, she says, may be \"in the single digits\" --that is, less than 10 percent of all those who use media--but we need more research to know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeking treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though tech addiction isn't officially recognized yet in the United States, there are in-patient treatment facilities for teens that try to address the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For my book, I interviewed a teenage boy who attended a wilderness therapy program in Utah called Outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started playing (video games) when I was around 9 years old,\" said Griffin, whose last name I didn't use to protect his privacy. He chose email over a phone interview. \"I played because I found it fun, but after a while I played mostly because I preferred it over socializing and confronting my problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he spent weeks hiking through the wilderness, his mother saw a lot of improvement in his demeanor and focus. However, Griffin came home to a reality where he still needed a laptop for high school and still used a smartphone to connect with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop, who runs therapeutic Summerland camps in California and North Carolina, says the teens who come to him fall into two broad categories. There are the ones, overwhelmingly boys, who spend so much time playing video games that, in his words, they \"fall behind in their social skills.\" Often they are battling depression or anxiety, or they may be on the autism spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is a group of mostly girls who misuse and overuse social media. They may be obsessed with taking selfies — Bishop calls them \"selfists\" — or they may have sent inappropriate pictures of themselves or bullied others online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the problem, \"We feel the issue is best conceptualized as a 'habit' over an 'addiction,' \" Bishop says. \"When teens think about their behavior as a habit, they are more empowered to change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labeling someone an addict, essentially saying he or she has a chronic disease, is a powerful move. And it may be especially dangerous for teens, who are in the process of forming their identities, says Maia Szalavitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szalavitz is an addiction expert and the author of \u003cem>Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way Of Understanding Addiction. \u003c/em>Based on her experience with drug and alcohol addiction, she thinks grouping kids together who have problems with screens can be counterproductive. Young people with milder problems may learn from their more \"deviant peers,\" she says. For that reason, she would encourage families to start with individual or family counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different habits demand different approaches to treatment. People who have problematic relationships with alcohol, drugs or gambling can choose abstinence, though it's far from easy. Those who are binge eaters, however, cannot. They must rebuild their relationships with food while continuing to eat every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In today's world, technology may be more like food than it is like alcohol. Video games or social media may be avoidable, but most students need to use computers for school assignments, build tech skills for the workplace, and learn to combat distraction and procrastination as part of growing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word \"addiction\" may currently be attracting controversy, but you don't need a doctor's official pronouncement to work on putting the devices down more often — or to encourage your kids to do so as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+%27Gaming+Disorder%27+An+Illness%3F+WHO+Says+Yes%2C+Adding+It+To+Its+List+Of+Diseases&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"For the first time, the World Health Organization will list \"gaming disorder\" as a behavioral addiction, a controversial move for some. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1559285714,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1537},"headData":{"title":"Is 'Gaming Disorder' An Illness? WHO Says Yes, Adding It To Its List Of Diseases | KQED","description":"For the first time, the World Health Organization will list "gaming disorder" as a behavioral addiction, a controversial move for some. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Is 'Gaming Disorder' An Illness? WHO Says Yes, Adding It To Its List Of Diseases","datePublished":"2019-05-30T06:51:25.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-31T06:55:14.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53753 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53753","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/05/29/is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases/","disqusTitle":"Is 'Gaming Disorder' An Illness? WHO Says Yes, Adding It To Its List Of Diseases","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz","nprImageAgency":"Mustafa Hacalaki/Getty Images","nprStoryId":"727585904","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=727585904&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/28/727585904/is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-the-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases?ft=nprml&f=727585904","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 29 May 2019 10:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 28 May 2019 17:48:09 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 29 May 2019 10:02:51 -0400","path":"/mindshift/53753/is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was originally published in 2018 and has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are popular. They are controversial. And now, video games have just become an internationally recognized addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 25, the World Health Organization officially voted to adopt the latest edition of its International Classification of Diseases, or ICD, to include an entry on \"gaming disorder\" as a behavioral addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a move that could alarm parents all over the country. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/17/5-facts-about-americans-and-video-games/\">According to Pew\u003c/a>, 97 percent of teen boys and 83 percent of girls play games on some kind of device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to be classified as having a disease, being a video game fan isn't enough. According to WHO, the criteria doesn't include a certain amount of hours spent playing. Instead, the description is of someone with an inability to stop playing even though it interferes with other areas of one's life, such as family relationships, school, work, and sleep. And, these problems would typically continue for at least one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although WHO's voice is powerful, it's not the last word in the world of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a fairly even split in the scientific community about whether 'tech addiction' is a real thing,\" says Dr. Michael Bishop, who runs Summerland, which he calls \"a summer camp for screen overuse\" for teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dueling diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technology addiction\" doesn't appear in the latest \u003cem>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,\u003c/em> the \u003cem>DSM-V, \u003c/em>published in 2013. That's the bible of the psychiatric profession in the United States. The closest it comes is something called \"Internet Gaming Disorder,\" and that is listed as a condition for further study, not an official diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This omission is important not only because it shapes therapists' and doctors' understanding of their patients but because without an official DSM code, it is harder to bill insurers for treatment of a specific issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nicholas Kardaras is the author of the 2016 book \u003cem>Glow Kids: How Screen Addiction Is Hijacking Our Kids. \u003c/em>There are brain-imaging studies of the effects of screen time, he says. And he also has treated many teens who are so wrapped up in video games that they don't even get up to use the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the evidence is clear, but we're not ready to face it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have, as a society, gone all-in on tech,\" he says. \"So we don't want some buzz-killing truth sayers telling us that the emperor has no clothes and that the devices that we've all so fallen in love with can be a problem\" — especially for kids and their developing brains, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addiction may not be an official term in the U.S., at least not yet. But researchers and clinicians like Bishop, who avoid using it, are still concerned about some of the patterns of behavior they see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came to this issue out of a place of deep skepticism: addicted to video games? That can't be right,\" said Dr. Douglas Gentile at Iowa State University, who has been researching the effects of media on children for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"I've been forced by data to accept that it's a problem,\" he told me when I interviewed him\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/01/29/579555277/what-kind-of-screen-time-parent-are-you-take-this-quiz-and-find-out\"> for my book\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Art of Screen Time\u003c/em>. \"Addiction to video games and Internet use, defined as 'serious dysfunction in multiple aspects of your life that achieves clinical significance,' does seem to exist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring problematic use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile's definition doesn't address the questions of whether media can cause changes in your brain or create a true physical dependency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also doesn't address the question, raised by some of the clinicians I've spoken with, of whether media overuse is best thought of as a symptom of something else, such as depression, anxiety or ADHD. Gentile's definition simply asks whether someone's relationship to media is causing problems to the extent that the person would benefit from getting some help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile was one of the co-authors of a study published in November that tried to shed more light on that question. The study \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-51599-001\">has the subtitle\u003c/a> \"A Parent Report Measure of Screen Media 'Addiction' in Children.\" Note that the term addiction is in quotes here. In the study, researchers asked parents of school-age children to complete a questionnaire based on the criteria for \"Internet Gaming Disorder.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it asked: Is their preferred media activity the only thing that puts them in a good mood? Are they angry or otherwise unhappy when forced to unplug? Is their use increasing over time? Do they sneak around to use screens? Does it interfere with family activities, friendships or school?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts I've talked to say the question of whether an adult, or a child, has a problem with technology can't be answered simply by measuring screen time. What matters most, this study suggests, is your relationship to it, and that requires looking at the full context of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Domoff, the lead author on that study, runs the Problematic Media Assessment and Treatment clinic at the Center for Children, Families, and Communities at Central Michigan University. She works with young people directly, and also trains pediatricians to spot problems with screens and to offer help to families. She says that problems with video games often are found in children who also have a diagnosis such as ADHD or autism spectrum, while young people who have problems with social media are more likely to have a diagnosis such as depression or anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than go \"cold turkey\" on technology, she focuses on helping families with \"harm reduction\" such as keeping devices out of the bedroom and making sure that young people go to school, spend time with friends and play outdoors. Addiction, she says, may be \"in the single digits\" --that is, less than 10 percent of all those who use media--but we need more research to know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeking treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though tech addiction isn't officially recognized yet in the United States, there are in-patient treatment facilities for teens that try to address the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For my book, I interviewed a teenage boy who attended a wilderness therapy program in Utah called Outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started playing (video games) when I was around 9 years old,\" said Griffin, whose last name I didn't use to protect his privacy. He chose email over a phone interview. \"I played because I found it fun, but after a while I played mostly because I preferred it over socializing and confronting my problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he spent weeks hiking through the wilderness, his mother saw a lot of improvement in his demeanor and focus. However, Griffin came home to a reality where he still needed a laptop for high school and still used a smartphone to connect with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop, who runs therapeutic Summerland camps in California and North Carolina, says the teens who come to him fall into two broad categories. There are the ones, overwhelmingly boys, who spend so much time playing video games that, in his words, they \"fall behind in their social skills.\" Often they are battling depression or anxiety, or they may be on the autism spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is a group of mostly girls who misuse and overuse social media. They may be obsessed with taking selfies — Bishop calls them \"selfists\" — or they may have sent inappropriate pictures of themselves or bullied others online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the problem, \"We feel the issue is best conceptualized as a 'habit' over an 'addiction,' \" Bishop says. \"When teens think about their behavior as a habit, they are more empowered to change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labeling someone an addict, essentially saying he or she has a chronic disease, is a powerful move. And it may be especially dangerous for teens, who are in the process of forming their identities, says Maia Szalavitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szalavitz is an addiction expert and the author of \u003cem>Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way Of Understanding Addiction. \u003c/em>Based on her experience with drug and alcohol addiction, she thinks grouping kids together who have problems with screens can be counterproductive. Young people with milder problems may learn from their more \"deviant peers,\" she says. For that reason, she would encourage families to start with individual or family counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different habits demand different approaches to treatment. People who have problematic relationships with alcohol, drugs or gambling can choose abstinence, though it's far from easy. Those who are binge eaters, however, cannot. They must rebuild their relationships with food while continuing to eat every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In today's world, technology may be more like food than it is like alcohol. Video games or social media may be avoidable, but most students need to use computers for school assignments, build tech skills for the workplace, and learn to combat distraction and procrastination as part of growing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word \"addiction\" may currently be attracting controversy, but you don't need a doctor's official pronouncement to work on putting the devices down more often — or to encourage your kids to do so as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+%27Gaming+Disorder%27+An+Illness%3F+WHO+Says+Yes%2C+Adding+It+To+Its+List+Of+Diseases&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53753/is-gaming-disorder-an-illness-who-says-yes-adding-it-to-its-list-of-diseases","authors":["byline_mindshift_53753"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_21116","mindshift_20816","mindshift_114"],"featImg":"mindshift_53754","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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