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(2023). \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hep.gse.harvard.edu/hep-home/books/growing-and-sustaining-student-centered-science-cl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growing and Sustaining Student-Centered Science Classrooms\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (p. 1-5). \u003ca href=\"https://www.hepg.org/hep-home/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard Education Press\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching has always been a crucial and underappreciated profession across the world. Almost everyone spends some time in a school, and in those spaces, teachers play an important role in designing and facilitating opportunities for participation and learning. Many people fondly remember a favorite teacher and classroom or, conversely, might hope to forget a school that made them feel rejected. While society might collectively forget, those of us who spend time in schools know that teachers and administrators have a great responsibility as we shape the lives of children. By representing and upholding equitable communities and participatory structures that ensure powerful learning opportunities for children, especially those from marginalized communities, teachers and administrators can help change the world…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Let’s peek]\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the classrooms of two teachers, who I will refer to as Teacher A and Teacher B. Both teachers graduated from the same teacher preparation program, and both taught life science in very diverse schools in the same district. However, Teacher A and Teacher B differed in how they chose to open up, or restrict, avenues for student talk and participation around knowledge in their science classrooms. Let’s look at an example from each class, both of which occurred at the beginning of the school year. As teachers and administrators, we know that the beginning of the school year is such an important time for building a foundation for a science community. For each example, imagine you are sitting in the room, as I was when I watched these lessons unfold, and immerse yourself in the sights and sounds of middle and high school science classes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Teacher A’s classroom, students are learning about why identical twins look alike, and why differences might exist even with their similar DNA. Following the first lessons in which students share some initial ideas about why identical twins might look similar and begin to hear terms such as “dominant,” “recessive,” “trait,”, “allele,” Teacher A decides that students should complete Punnett squares to visualize how physical traits and alleles are related. If you need a quick refresher about Punnett squares, recall that a Punnett square provides a space for visualizing and writing potential allele combinations for one offspring given the parents’ alleles. A typical example usually includes a two-by-two table, with two alleles from one parent on the side of the table, and two alleles from another parent above the table.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this example, Teacher A demonstrated how to complete and interpret a Punnett square and asked students, in groups of two or three, to attempt three example squares as practice. After showing students how to correctly complete the squares, Teacher A wrote a new square on the whiteboard for students to attempt individually. As the murmurs of talk receded into individual pondering of the problem, a quiet student — one I had never heard speak in class before this moment — raised his hand. Tentatively, he asked, “Excuse me, Ms. [A]? I have a question. When we do Punnett squares, we also do examples with four kids. What if there are five kids? Where does the fifth kid go?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s pause here, in this moment, to think about the layers of what the quiet student said. For some people, the focus might fall on science knowledge and the student’s “incorrect” idea about Punnett squares; after all, the cells in a Punnett square provide a space for people to record possible allele combinations for an individual, and do not represent multiple children. Others might be interested in the student deciding to share a question in the class. What prompted this student to speak at this time, when they had never previously spoken in class? Another layer is that the student might be speaking on behalf of other students in the class. After all, if one student thinks that Punnett Squares illustrate multiple children, how many other students have the same question?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Teacher A could have been considering any of those possibilities, their thinking remained invisible as they said back to the student: “That’s not how this works. We need to keep moving to finish the practice problems.” While this talk move (a talk move is a statement made by a teacher or student to open up or restrict future classroom talk) may seem routine to some teacher and administrators, from the perspective of this student, Teacher A’s words caused silence. Whenever I visited the classroom for the remainder of the school year, this student never spoke in class again — not to the teacher, other students, or administrators who entered the space.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s move from Teacher A’s classroom to Teacher B’s classroom, just a few miles away. In Teacher B’s classroom, students were learning about evolution by asking “How did we get chihuahuas from wolves?” which a student asked Teacher B in the hallway after school early in the academic year. Before the class began, Teacher B told me that they wanted to make students feel like their ideas had value, and that, like scientists, ideas about the world could be put into the public plane of talk and analyzed by a larger community. For this lesson, Teacher B created a poster using a large piece of construction paper and wrote a title: “Our hypotheses: From Wolf to Woof.” After students had five minutes to discuss ideas in pairs, Teacher B announced that the whole class would now think together, given their discussions. To catalyze the conversation, Teacher B asked students to share ideas about why chihuahuas exist, especially if they look so different from wolves. Importantly, Teacher B told the class to share ideas, if possible, that they considered during conversations with peers. After several students offered hypotheses (“Maybe the DNA changed because of a mutation,” “Maybe a wolf had pups that were all really different in size”), a series of student comments occurred in quick succession:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 1:\u003c/strong> “Maybe mating with a rabbit would make a dog small.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 2:\u003c/strong> “Yeah, a rabbit would make a small baby, not a Great Dane.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 3:\u003c/strong> “What about the ankle biter? Maybe a wolf mated with a rabbit to make an ankle biter.” [The class started calling chihuahuas “ankle biters” as a joke.]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Again, let’s pause here to consider the layers of complexity that arise \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">simultaneously when these students shared ideas. Some teachers and administrators might worry about the students’ wrong ideas — we know that wolves and rabbits cannot create babies together. Other people might wonder about the students’ purpose in sharing ideas: Were they seeking attention, or purposefully trying to disrupt the class? Still others might be focused on Teacher B’s actions, questioning whether such a conversation is a productive use of class time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teacher B, however, recognized this moment as a point of departure from instruction that might limit students’ opportunities to engage in knowledge practices in a classroom. Here’s how the next minute of class unfolded:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>TEACHER B:\u003c/strong> “Wait, why did you just joke that a rabbit mating with a wolf would make an ankle-biter dog as opposed to a Great Dane?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 3:\u003c/strong> Maybe because . . . rabbits are small. And ankle biters are small.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 2:\u003c/strong> Oh, you feel my word. [Student 2 originally injected “ankle biter” into the science community.]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>TEACHER B:\u003c/strong> It’s become a class word now.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 3:\u003c/strong> Right. Rabbits have big ears. And ankle biters have ears that bend and look like rabbit ears.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>TEACHER B:\u003c/strong> So what are you really suggesting about where chihuahuas get their traits?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>MULTIPLE STUDENTS IN CLASS CALL OUT:\u003c/strong> From their parents.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once students chimed into the discussion, the classroom talk exploded. Almost every student in the class raised their hand to contribute to the conversation, and by the end of class, three important ideas emerged: (1) parents must be close together to make babies (but all parents or just some species?, several students wondered); (2) Babies get traits from parents; (3) not all babies are identical to parents (some students wondered about animals that can clone themselves). Teacher B recorded these three ideas on the poster and told the students that their homework was to observe animals in the neighborhood to see if they all looked alike.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While these examples show a snapshot of the science communities found in the classrooms of Teacher A and Teacher B, there are three important features of the communities to highlight as a foundation for this book and our work as science teachers. First, how Teacher A and Teacher B opened up or constrained opportunities for student talk set the tone for the remainder of the school year. Students pay attention to teachers’ words and actions, and they notice how teachers respond to their ideas. Second, Teacher A and Teacher B sent different messages to students about what counts as a good statement to say out loud. By denying or valuing students’ statements, teachers demonstrate to students what words and ideas matter, and what words and ideas should remain silent. Third, Teacher A and Teacher B treated the purpose of participation differently. Teacher A wanted students to say correct answers and complete predetermined practice problems, while Teacher B helped students to shape the direction of knowledge production in the classroom by asking for multiple hypotheses, generating and using language to describe a phenomenon, and by encouraging and supporting students to share ideas. Each of these features sends visible and invisible messages to students about what knowledge matters, how knowledge should be invoked and used in a classroom, and who is allowed to share ideas and claims to knowledge in a classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61321 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/Stroupe-David.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"138\" height=\"165\">\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://education.msu.edu/people/Stroupe-David/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Stroupe\u003c/a> is an associate professor of teacher education and science education, the associate director of STEM Teacher Education at the CREATE for STEM Institute, and the Director of Science and Society at State at Michigan State University. He has three overlapping areas of research interests anchored around ambitious and equitable teaching. First, he frames classrooms as science practice communities. Using lenses from Science, Technology, and Society (STS) and the History and Philosophy of Science (HPS), he examines how teachers and students disrupt epistemic injustice through the negotiation of power, knowledge, and epistemic agency. Second, he examines how beginning teachers learn from practice in and across their varied contexts. Third, he studies how teacher preparation programs can provide support and opportunities for beginning teachers to learn from practice. David has a background in biology and taught secondary life science for four years.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The ways a teacher chooses to open up or constrain opportunities for student talk sets the tone for classroom engagement. David Stroupe explores two examples from science classes in an excerpt from his book, \"Growing and Sustaining Student-Centered Science Classrooms.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1682642172,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1829},"headData":{"title":"A tale of two science classrooms: How different approaches to participation shape learning | KQED","description":"The ways a teacher chooses to open up or constrain opportunities for student talk sets the tone for classroom engagement.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A tale of two science classrooms: How different approaches to participation shape learning","datePublished":"2023-04-04T10:00:33.000Z","dateModified":"2023-04-28T00:36:12.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/61319/a-tale-of-two-science-classrooms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adapted with permission from Stroupe, D. (2023). \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://hep.gse.harvard.edu/hep-home/books/growing-and-sustaining-student-centered-science-cl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growing and Sustaining Student-Centered Science Classrooms\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (p. 1-5). \u003ca href=\"https://www.hepg.org/hep-home/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard Education Press\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching has always been a crucial and underappreciated profession across the world. Almost everyone spends some time in a school, and in those spaces, teachers play an important role in designing and facilitating opportunities for participation and learning. Many people fondly remember a favorite teacher and classroom or, conversely, might hope to forget a school that made them feel rejected. While society might collectively forget, those of us who spend time in schools know that teachers and administrators have a great responsibility as we shape the lives of children. By representing and upholding equitable communities and participatory structures that ensure powerful learning opportunities for children, especially those from marginalized communities, teachers and administrators can help change the world…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Let’s peek]\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the classrooms of two teachers, who I will refer to as Teacher A and Teacher B. Both teachers graduated from the same teacher preparation program, and both taught life science in very diverse schools in the same district. However, Teacher A and Teacher B differed in how they chose to open up, or restrict, avenues for student talk and participation around knowledge in their science classrooms. Let’s look at an example from each class, both of which occurred at the beginning of the school year. As teachers and administrators, we know that the beginning of the school year is such an important time for building a foundation for a science community. For each example, imagine you are sitting in the room, as I was when I watched these lessons unfold, and immerse yourself in the sights and sounds of middle and high school science classes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Teacher A’s classroom, students are learning about why identical twins look alike, and why differences might exist even with their similar DNA. Following the first lessons in which students share some initial ideas about why identical twins might look similar and begin to hear terms such as “dominant,” “recessive,” “trait,”, “allele,” Teacher A decides that students should complete Punnett squares to visualize how physical traits and alleles are related. If you need a quick refresher about Punnett squares, recall that a Punnett square provides a space for visualizing and writing potential allele combinations for one offspring given the parents’ alleles. A typical example usually includes a two-by-two table, with two alleles from one parent on the side of the table, and two alleles from another parent above the table.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this example, Teacher A demonstrated how to complete and interpret a Punnett square and asked students, in groups of two or three, to attempt three example squares as practice. After showing students how to correctly complete the squares, Teacher A wrote a new square on the whiteboard for students to attempt individually. As the murmurs of talk receded into individual pondering of the problem, a quiet student — one I had never heard speak in class before this moment — raised his hand. Tentatively, he asked, “Excuse me, Ms. [A]? I have a question. When we do Punnett squares, we also do examples with four kids. What if there are five kids? Where does the fifth kid go?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s pause here, in this moment, to think about the layers of what the quiet student said. For some people, the focus might fall on science knowledge and the student’s “incorrect” idea about Punnett squares; after all, the cells in a Punnett square provide a space for people to record possible allele combinations for an individual, and do not represent multiple children. Others might be interested in the student deciding to share a question in the class. What prompted this student to speak at this time, when they had never previously spoken in class? Another layer is that the student might be speaking on behalf of other students in the class. After all, if one student thinks that Punnett Squares illustrate multiple children, how many other students have the same question?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Teacher A could have been considering any of those possibilities, their thinking remained invisible as they said back to the student: “That’s not how this works. We need to keep moving to finish the practice problems.” While this talk move (a talk move is a statement made by a teacher or student to open up or restrict future classroom talk) may seem routine to some teacher and administrators, from the perspective of this student, Teacher A’s words caused silence. Whenever I visited the classroom for the remainder of the school year, this student never spoke in class again — not to the teacher, other students, or administrators who entered the space.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let’s move from Teacher A’s classroom to Teacher B’s classroom, just a few miles away. In Teacher B’s classroom, students were learning about evolution by asking “How did we get chihuahuas from wolves?” which a student asked Teacher B in the hallway after school early in the academic year. Before the class began, Teacher B told me that they wanted to make students feel like their ideas had value, and that, like scientists, ideas about the world could be put into the public plane of talk and analyzed by a larger community. For this lesson, Teacher B created a poster using a large piece of construction paper and wrote a title: “Our hypotheses: From Wolf to Woof.” After students had five minutes to discuss ideas in pairs, Teacher B announced that the whole class would now think together, given their discussions. To catalyze the conversation, Teacher B asked students to share ideas about why chihuahuas exist, especially if they look so different from wolves. Importantly, Teacher B told the class to share ideas, if possible, that they considered during conversations with peers. After several students offered hypotheses (“Maybe the DNA changed because of a mutation,” “Maybe a wolf had pups that were all really different in size”), a series of student comments occurred in quick succession:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 1:\u003c/strong> “Maybe mating with a rabbit would make a dog small.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 2:\u003c/strong> “Yeah, a rabbit would make a small baby, not a Great Dane.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 3:\u003c/strong> “What about the ankle biter? Maybe a wolf mated with a rabbit to make an ankle biter.” [The class started calling chihuahuas “ankle biters” as a joke.]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Again, let’s pause here to consider the layers of complexity that arise \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">simultaneously when these students shared ideas. Some teachers and administrators might worry about the students’ wrong ideas — we know that wolves and rabbits cannot create babies together. Other people might wonder about the students’ purpose in sharing ideas: Were they seeking attention, or purposefully trying to disrupt the class? Still others might be focused on Teacher B’s actions, questioning whether such a conversation is a productive use of class time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teacher B, however, recognized this moment as a point of departure from instruction that might limit students’ opportunities to engage in knowledge practices in a classroom. Here’s how the next minute of class unfolded:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>TEACHER B:\u003c/strong> “Wait, why did you just joke that a rabbit mating with a wolf would make an ankle-biter dog as opposed to a Great Dane?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 3:\u003c/strong> Maybe because . . . rabbits are small. And ankle biters are small.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 2:\u003c/strong> Oh, you feel my word. [Student 2 originally injected “ankle biter” into the science community.]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>TEACHER B:\u003c/strong> It’s become a class word now.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>STUDENT 3:\u003c/strong> Right. Rabbits have big ears. And ankle biters have ears that bend and look like rabbit ears.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>TEACHER B:\u003c/strong> So what are you really suggesting about where chihuahuas get their traits?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>MULTIPLE STUDENTS IN CLASS CALL OUT:\u003c/strong> From their parents.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once students chimed into the discussion, the classroom talk exploded. Almost every student in the class raised their hand to contribute to the conversation, and by the end of class, three important ideas emerged: (1) parents must be close together to make babies (but all parents or just some species?, several students wondered); (2) Babies get traits from parents; (3) not all babies are identical to parents (some students wondered about animals that can clone themselves). Teacher B recorded these three ideas on the poster and told the students that their homework was to observe animals in the neighborhood to see if they all looked alike.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While these examples show a snapshot of the science communities found in the classrooms of Teacher A and Teacher B, there are three important features of the communities to highlight as a foundation for this book and our work as science teachers. First, how Teacher A and Teacher B opened up or constrained opportunities for student talk set the tone for the remainder of the school year. Students pay attention to teachers’ words and actions, and they notice how teachers respond to their ideas. Second, Teacher A and Teacher B sent different messages to students about what counts as a good statement to say out loud. By denying or valuing students’ statements, teachers demonstrate to students what words and ideas matter, and what words and ideas should remain silent. Third, Teacher A and Teacher B treated the purpose of participation differently. Teacher A wanted students to say correct answers and complete predetermined practice problems, while Teacher B helped students to shape the direction of knowledge production in the classroom by asking for multiple hypotheses, generating and using language to describe a phenomenon, and by encouraging and supporting students to share ideas. Each of these features sends visible and invisible messages to students about what knowledge matters, how knowledge should be invoked and used in a classroom, and who is allowed to share ideas and claims to knowledge in a classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61321 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/03/Stroupe-David.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"138\" height=\"165\">\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://education.msu.edu/people/Stroupe-David/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Stroupe\u003c/a> is an associate professor of teacher education and science education, the associate director of STEM Teacher Education at the CREATE for STEM Institute, and the Director of Science and Society at State at Michigan State University. He has three overlapping areas of research interests anchored around ambitious and equitable teaching. First, he frames classrooms as science practice communities. Using lenses from Science, Technology, and Society (STS) and the History and Philosophy of Science (HPS), he examines how teachers and students disrupt epistemic injustice through the negotiation of power, knowledge, and epistemic agency. Second, he examines how beginning teachers learn from practice in and across their varied contexts. Third, he studies how teacher preparation programs can provide support and opportunities for beginning teachers to learn from practice. David has a background in biology and taught secondary life science for four years.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/61319/a-tale-of-two-science-classrooms","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_21512","mindshift_21491","mindshift_20524","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_20786","mindshift_1028","mindshift_20701","mindshift_989","mindshift_20703","mindshift_551","mindshift_47","mindshift_21138","mindshift_391","mindshift_20616","mindshift_20852"],"featImg":"mindshift_61322","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_33358":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_33358","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"33358","score":null,"sort":[1390402832000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"for-more-authentic-research-about-learning-enlist-students-as-partners","title":"Students Conduct Their Own Groundbreaking Research About Learning","publishDate":1390402832,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33372\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-33372 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project-400x219.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project-320x175.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"http://morrisjustice.org/\">Morris Justice Project\u003c/a>/Public Science Project \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://morrisjustice.org/\">Morris Justice Project\u003c/a>/Public Science Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Most education studies involve academic researchers coming into schools trying to figure out the answer to a predetermined question. But what if students themselves helped shape questions about their own school reality -- \u003cem>and\u003c/em> learned the social science tools to research those important questions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what the \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/about/what-we-do/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Science Project\u003c/a> is doing with students. The group, primarily located in New York City, approaches the experiences of students as a crucial kind of expertise that helps inform the research and makes it more authentic. To capture the information, academic researchers train school-aged young people in statistics and research methods so they can participate equally in conducting studies on education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one iconic project called \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/echoes-of-brown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Echos of Brown 50 Years Later\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, students and researchers delved into the history of Brown vs. Board of Education, interviewed civil rights leaders, and surveyed more than 10,000 youth nationwide about their experiences of subtle segregation in school. The group of 13 students represented various socio-economic levels and came from suburban and urban New York and New Jersey. Together, they created a multimedia expression of how their personal stories fit into the history of inequality, including spoken word, interpretive dance, and an interactive multimedia book that has since been used in teacher training. \u003cem>Echos of Brown \u003c/em>is just one outcome of the \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/opportunity_gap_projec/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Opportunity Gap Project\u003c/a>, a longer running effort to involve the area's youth in research about education inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>\u003cem>and in the classrooms, the imbalance is subtle,\u003cbr>\nundercurrents in hallways.\u003cbr>\nAP classes on the top floor, special ed. in the basement.\u003cbr>\nand although over half the faces in the yearbook\u003cbr>\nare darker than mine,\u003cbr>\non the third floor, everyone looks like me.\u003cbr>\nso it seems glass ceilings are often concrete...\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>although brown faces fill the hallways,\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>administrators don’t know their names,\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>they are just the free ticket to funding,\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>and this is not their school. -- \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Kendra Urdang, Echos of Brown\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Public Science Project has been enlisting the help of young people and motivating them to engage in research in large part because they value what students bring to the table. Researchers expect students to be equal partners in the task and have found that they rise to that challenge. To understand complicated issues, like how inequality is perpetuated in the school system, the Public Science Project tries to recruit students from diverse ethnic, socio-economic, and religious backgrounds. They're interested in the kids who have dropped out of school as well as the ones struggling to get through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization conducts two-day research camps (usually on weekends) to bring students up to speed on methods training, interviews, focus groups, survey design, and participant observation. Some students receive high school or college credits for their work, while others get paid. This model offers interesting insights for educators struggling to motivate and challenge learners that seem disengaged or disinterested in learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the presumptions of our work is that people actually desire to learn and be engaged,” said \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/michelle_fine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michelle Fine\u003c/a>, a graduate school professor of social/personality psychology at CUNY Graduate Center and a co-founder of the Public Science Project. She empathizes with teachers stressed out by testing regimes and frustrated by kids who don’t seem to value an education. “If you went to those schools it would be easy to assume that those kids don’t care about learning,” Fine said. But that’s because it's hard to care when no one expects anything from you. “We are under-recognizing that the context is creating those dynamics,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expecting more from students and giving them the support to meet those expectations results in strong, thoughtful work from students whose teachers have sometimes given up on them. “We believe that expertise is widely distributed, but legitimacy is not,” Fine said at \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigideasfest.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Ideas Fest\u003c/a> 2013. Paying young people for their expertise is a way of validating it, while giving them the chance to make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"46a4fa3bacbddcd604a50f849c6097ab\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re really into it especially if one of the product is a video or a website or a book for younger kids,” Fine said. “Especially for poor kids, there’s a deep sense of responsibility for the next generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine and her colleagues find students by connecting with social service organizations that cater to youth in a variety of ways -- everything from schools to homeless shelters. When Public Science Project teams visit schools, her researchers hang around, looking for the kids on the margins, not always the ones the school wants to offer up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research the Public Science Project has conducted with students includes documenting racial disparities in both special education classes and disciplinary action, and the negative consequences of high-stakes testing for English Language Learners. Youth researchers even wrote a “\u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/131-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth-to-Youth College Guide\u003c/a>.” They've documented a spike in high-school \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/gateway_getaway_project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">students seeking GEDs \u003c/a>instead of finishing four-year high school degrees, which they believe is linked to the pressure high stakes testing puts on schools. Poor and minority youth who don't do well on the tests are instead pushed towards the GED, even as its value diminishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>INNOVATION RUN AMOK?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her extensive work with students who have been let down by school has made Fine apprehensive about the calls for change dominating education discussions. Educators are looking for new and innovative ways to teach, partly because they are inspired and partly because the Common Core State Standards require a different type of teaching. But within this time of change, Fine worries the foundation of community-based, public education will get lost. “I work in the communities where innovations come and go,” Fine said. “Who is accountable when innovation fails?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Expecting more from students and giving them the support to meet those expectations results in strong, thoughtful work from students whose teachers have sometimes given up on them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For many people, the word innovation connotes positive things: change for the better, new ways of approaching problems, and something different from the status quo. But Fine has been involved in education long enough to have seen many versions of \"innovation\" rise and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Education innovation used to be the small schools movement, where alternatives were developed that were public, that were transparent and that actually took the hardest to educate kids and created very different settings to support their development,” Fine said. Now, the language of innovation has been tweaked to largely reside outside the public sector. “It leaves behind the community, the practitioners and the justice principles that grew it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me innovation should actually have a deep participatory element, a broad perception of expertise, and ultimately should be owned eventually by the people it was designed to help,” Fine said. That definition closely mirrors the principles of her research. She believes that if innovation is more inclusive and respectful of multiple kinds of wisdom, then it won’t become detached from the community and will have a greater chance of sustaining itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an important message when it comes to scaling good ideas. “When I think about scale, I think about something that can go deep and across so we don’t abandon those communities where they are rooted,” Fine said. She’s adamant that solutions can’t be divorced from local context and that what works in one community might not in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like her research, Fine believes that innovating within schools must be a participatory process and that it will take time. But ultimately the change that can come of a process rooted in community will last longer because its participants will own their successes and be accountable for failures.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Public Science Project has been successful at enlisting the help of young people and motivating them to engage in highly academic work in large part because they value what those youth bring to the table. This model offers interesting insights for educators struggling to motivate and challenge learners that seem disengaged or disinterested in learning.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1551831256,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1333},"headData":{"title":"Students Conduct Their Own Groundbreaking Research About Learning | KQED","description":"Public Science Project has been successful at enlisting the help of young people and motivating them to engage in highly academic work in large part because they value what those youth bring to the table. This model offers interesting insights for educators struggling to motivate and challenge learners that seem disengaged or disinterested in learning.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Students Conduct Their Own Groundbreaking Research About Learning","datePublished":"2014-01-22T15:00:32.000Z","dateModified":"2019-03-06T00:14:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"33358 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=33358","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/01/22/for-more-authentic-research-about-learning-enlist-students-as-partners/","disqusTitle":"Students Conduct Their Own Groundbreaking Research About Learning","path":"/mindshift/33358/for-more-authentic-research-about-learning-enlist-students-as-partners","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_33372\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-33372 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project-400x219.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/01/morris-justice-project-320x175.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"http://morrisjustice.org/\">Morris Justice Project\u003c/a>/Public Science Project \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://morrisjustice.org/\">Morris Justice Project\u003c/a>/Public Science Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Most education studies involve academic researchers coming into schools trying to figure out the answer to a predetermined question. But what if students themselves helped shape questions about their own school reality -- \u003cem>and\u003c/em> learned the social science tools to research those important questions?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what the \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/about/what-we-do/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Science Project\u003c/a> is doing with students. The group, primarily located in New York City, approaches the experiences of students as a crucial kind of expertise that helps inform the research and makes it more authentic. To capture the information, academic researchers train school-aged young people in statistics and research methods so they can participate equally in conducting studies on education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one iconic project called \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/echoes-of-brown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Echos of Brown 50 Years Later\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, students and researchers delved into the history of Brown vs. Board of Education, interviewed civil rights leaders, and surveyed more than 10,000 youth nationwide about their experiences of subtle segregation in school. The group of 13 students represented various socio-economic levels and came from suburban and urban New York and New Jersey. Together, they created a multimedia expression of how their personal stories fit into the history of inequality, including spoken word, interpretive dance, and an interactive multimedia book that has since been used in teacher training. \u003cem>Echos of Brown \u003c/em>is just one outcome of the \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/opportunity_gap_projec/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Opportunity Gap Project\u003c/a>, a longer running effort to involve the area's youth in research about education inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>\u003cem>and in the classrooms, the imbalance is subtle,\u003cbr>\nundercurrents in hallways.\u003cbr>\nAP classes on the top floor, special ed. in the basement.\u003cbr>\nand although over half the faces in the yearbook\u003cbr>\nare darker than mine,\u003cbr>\non the third floor, everyone looks like me.\u003cbr>\nso it seems glass ceilings are often concrete...\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>although brown faces fill the hallways,\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>administrators don’t know their names,\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>they are just the free ticket to funding,\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cem>and this is not their school. -- \u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Kendra Urdang, Echos of Brown\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Public Science Project has been enlisting the help of young people and motivating them to engage in research in large part because they value what students bring to the table. Researchers expect students to be equal partners in the task and have found that they rise to that challenge. To understand complicated issues, like how inequality is perpetuated in the school system, the Public Science Project tries to recruit students from diverse ethnic, socio-economic, and religious backgrounds. They're interested in the kids who have dropped out of school as well as the ones struggling to get through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization conducts two-day research camps (usually on weekends) to bring students up to speed on methods training, interviews, focus groups, survey design, and participant observation. Some students receive high school or college credits for their work, while others get paid. This model offers interesting insights for educators struggling to motivate and challenge learners that seem disengaged or disinterested in learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the presumptions of our work is that people actually desire to learn and be engaged,” said \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/michelle_fine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michelle Fine\u003c/a>, a graduate school professor of social/personality psychology at CUNY Graduate Center and a co-founder of the Public Science Project. She empathizes with teachers stressed out by testing regimes and frustrated by kids who don’t seem to value an education. “If you went to those schools it would be easy to assume that those kids don’t care about learning,” Fine said. But that’s because it's hard to care when no one expects anything from you. “We are under-recognizing that the context is creating those dynamics,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expecting more from students and giving them the support to meet those expectations results in strong, thoughtful work from students whose teachers have sometimes given up on them. “We believe that expertise is widely distributed, but legitimacy is not,” Fine said at \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigideasfest.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Ideas Fest\u003c/a> 2013. Paying young people for their expertise is a way of validating it, while giving them the chance to make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re really into it especially if one of the product is a video or a website or a book for younger kids,” Fine said. “Especially for poor kids, there’s a deep sense of responsibility for the next generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine and her colleagues find students by connecting with social service organizations that cater to youth in a variety of ways -- everything from schools to homeless shelters. When Public Science Project teams visit schools, her researchers hang around, looking for the kids on the margins, not always the ones the school wants to offer up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research the Public Science Project has conducted with students includes documenting racial disparities in both special education classes and disciplinary action, and the negative consequences of high-stakes testing for English Language Learners. Youth researchers even wrote a “\u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/131-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Youth-to-Youth College Guide\u003c/a>.” They've documented a spike in high-school \u003ca href=\"http://publicscienceproject.org/gateway_getaway_project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">students seeking GEDs \u003c/a>instead of finishing four-year high school degrees, which they believe is linked to the pressure high stakes testing puts on schools. Poor and minority youth who don't do well on the tests are instead pushed towards the GED, even as its value diminishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>INNOVATION RUN AMOK?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her extensive work with students who have been let down by school has made Fine apprehensive about the calls for change dominating education discussions. Educators are looking for new and innovative ways to teach, partly because they are inspired and partly because the Common Core State Standards require a different type of teaching. But within this time of change, Fine worries the foundation of community-based, public education will get lost. “I work in the communities where innovations come and go,” Fine said. “Who is accountable when innovation fails?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Expecting more from students and giving them the support to meet those expectations results in strong, thoughtful work from students whose teachers have sometimes given up on them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For many people, the word innovation connotes positive things: change for the better, new ways of approaching problems, and something different from the status quo. But Fine has been involved in education long enough to have seen many versions of \"innovation\" rise and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Education innovation used to be the small schools movement, where alternatives were developed that were public, that were transparent and that actually took the hardest to educate kids and created very different settings to support their development,” Fine said. Now, the language of innovation has been tweaked to largely reside outside the public sector. “It leaves behind the community, the practitioners and the justice principles that grew it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me innovation should actually have a deep participatory element, a broad perception of expertise, and ultimately should be owned eventually by the people it was designed to help,” Fine said. That definition closely mirrors the principles of her research. She believes that if innovation is more inclusive and respectful of multiple kinds of wisdom, then it won’t become detached from the community and will have a greater chance of sustaining itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an important message when it comes to scaling good ideas. “When I think about scale, I think about something that can go deep and across so we don’t abandon those communities where they are rooted,” Fine said. She’s adamant that solutions can’t be divorced from local context and that what works in one community might not in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like her research, Fine believes that innovating within schools must be a participatory process and that it will take time. But ultimately the change that can come of a process rooted in community will last longer because its participants will own their successes and be accountable for failures.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/33358/for-more-authentic-research-about-learning-enlist-students-as-partners","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_20827"],"tags":["mindshift_1040","mindshift_20613","mindshift_989","mindshift_20557"],"featImg":"mindshift_33372","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_27552":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_27552","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"27552","score":null,"sort":[1362769374000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"remixing-melville-moby-dick-meets-the-digital-generation","title":"Remixing Melville: Moby Dick Meets the Digital Generation","publishDate":1362769374,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.henryjenkins.org\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/03/Screen-shot-2013-03-08-at-11.26.36-AM-620x336.png\" alt=\"Screen shot 2013-03-08 at 11.26.36 AM\" title=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"336\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27616\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">In a traditional English class, a teacher might assign Herman Melville’s famous novel \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> in small chunks. Students might complete their reading (or not), discuss major themes and perhaps write an essay at the end of the unit. But if a student never gets past the first few pages, the rest of that unit is lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s become a common refrain that traditional education isn't serving a generation of students whose lives outside of school are completely disconnected from what happens inside. But there are plenty of teachers working hard to make reading material relevant to students, including a team of researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.annenberglab.com/\">University of Southern California Annenberg's Innovation Lab\u003c/a> that includes Henry Jenkins and Erin Reilly. They've created a model of what they call \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/\">participatory learning\u003c/a> that engages students with materials on a personal level, often by incorporating different types of media into the classroom and offering varying points of entry to a text. Most recently, the team has put together a teacher’s strategy guide, \u003ca href=\"http://henryjenkins.org/2013/02/there-she-blows-reading-in-a-participatory-culture-and-flows-of-reading-launch-today.html\">\u003cem>Reading in a Participatory Culture: Remixing Moby-Dick in the English, Classroom\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and an interactive digital book, \u003ca href=\"http://scalar.usc.edu/anvc/flowsofreading/index\">\u003cem>Flows of Reading,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> to provide models of their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We want to raise a generation of kids who have a mouse in one hand and a book in the other.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> is a notoriously difficult book. “This book defeated me as an Advanced Placement kid,” Henry Jenkins said. He remembers hating the book, gritting his teeth to get through it and writing the worst essay of his high school career. That’s why he was so impressed by the work of the playwright\u003ca href=\"http://ricardopittswiley.com/\"> Ricardo Pitts-Wiley\u003c/a> who was teaching \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> to incarcerated youth in Rhode Island, many of whom read below grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitts-Wiley asked his students to reinterpret the novel in the context of their own lives. In their retelling Captain Ahab became a powerful drug dealer trying to avenge the death of his loved ones. \u003c!--more-->His drug crew is forced to decide how far they’ll go for their charismatic leader. Together with his students Pitts-Wiley turned their re-interpretation into a play:\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://video.mit.edu/watch/moby-dick-then-and-now-full-play-act-i-2466/\">Moby Dick: Then and Now\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. The students understood the themes when placed into familiar context and related to the character’s struggles when the story was no longer placed in an era and industry unfamiliar to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/\">How Can Teachers Prepare Kids for a Connected World?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitts-Wiley’s work correlates strongly to the research Jenkins has been doing on weaving more varieties of media into the classroom in order to make the learning experience more participatory, creative, multidisciplinary, and therefore meaningful to students. He teamed up with \u003ca href=\"http://lit.mit.edu/people/wkelley.php\">Wyn Kelley\u003c/a> a Melville scholar from MIT, and a team of educational experts to design a curriculum around \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> that would build in remixing, reinterpretation, and multimedia elements. They tested their new curriculum in six different schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to raise a generation of kids who have a mouse in one hand and a book in the other,” said Jenkins. To do that the curriculum focuses on Melville as a master mash-up artist of 19th century culture; his book includes Shakespeare plays, the Bible, whaling culture and more. From there, the door is open for classes to discuss how remixed elements are allusions and what happens to a text when an author incorporates the work of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We may be romanticizing what people got out of Moby Dick in the traditional classroom. This is just taking ownership over that and allowing students to pursue their passion and interests.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Culture matters, history matters, the goal is to foster old fashioned close reading,” Jenkins said. A typical assignment might ask students to take one page of \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em>, highlight words they don’t know, define terms, draw pictures and share with one another. The idea is to focus closely in order to incite curiosity about the whole. And to let students creatively express their opinions and thoughts about the book, hopefully with a better understanding of what their own remixing might add to the broader cultural body of work around \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this sounds a little messy and confusing – it is. That was the feedback teachers gave Jenkins’ team when they piloted these participatory learning strategies in the classroom. Teacher’s felt uncertain whether learning was taking place in this non-linear style. One teacher came to realize that if a student could get a purchase on the text anywhere, they understood how much more there is to learn about the book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a different kind of learning outcome than we usually get when we convince people they've exhausted a book, that they've gotten it, when they've only touched it superficially,” Jenkins said. He sees the goal as both teaching something about \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> in the moment as well as fostering a community of readers who know that reading Melville in high school English doesn't mean they've conquered it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/09/how-do-we-define-and-measure-deeper-learning/\">How Do We Define and Measure 'Deeper Learning'?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may be romanticizing what people got out of \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> in the traditional classroom,” Jenkins said. “This is just taking ownership over that and allowing students to pursue their passion and interests.” Piloting this curriculum Jenkins’ team found that it worked less effectively when teachers used it more traditionally. “The closer we got to traditional school, the more they shut down,” Jenkins said. “No curriculum is idiot proof. You have to get teachers who understand the participatory mindset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other part of the project, \u003cem>Flows of Reading\u003c/em>, helps encourage participation around literature and models an expanded approach to literacy and the reading and writing that make up the discipline. The digital book allows readers to follow hyperlinks, enjoy embedded video content, and add to an online space for related work. It broadens the model beyond \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> and applies it to reading at all age levels from a wordless picture book to the \u003cem>Hunger Games\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Lord of the Rings\u003c/em>. It offers four pathways or ways to view a text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://henryjenkins.org/2013/02/there-she-blows-reading-in-a-participatory-culture-and-flows-of-reading-launch-today.html\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-27603\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/03/Screen-Shot-2013-03-08-at-10.47.11-AM-300x437.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2013-03-08 at 10.47.11 AM\" width=\"300\" height=\"437\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MOTIVES FOR READING\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis pathway and assorted material address the idea that people read various kinds of textual content for all kinds of reasons. Reading a website may be different from reading a book, but they both require literacy and are appropriate at different points. This pathway explores how seemingly different kinds of reading might be more akin than they seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ADAPTATION AND REMIXING\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhile the book encourages students to elaborate and create material based on parts of a text that speak to them, this section also discusses appropriate and respectful adaptation and remixing. It brings in the ethics of attribution and fair use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NEGOTIATING CULTURAL SPACES\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis pathway discusses the various identities that each person brings to reading whether it is gender, ethnicity, specific experiences or anything else that shapes the reading process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CONTINUITIES AND SPACES\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThese are “the spaces where your imagination can go wild,” said Erin Reilly, who led the effort to create Flows. This pathway explores how to creatively share stories and layer upon the original.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the research and implementation of this project Jenkins and Reilly knew they’d need to think about assessment. They brought in \u003ca href=\"http://portal.education.indiana.edu/ProfilePlaceHolder/tabid/6210/Default.aspx?u=dthickey\">Dan Hickey\u003c/a> from Indiana University to help develop assessments that are immediate and happen as part of the learning process. The state standards are a minimum, Reilly and Jenkins maintain should be easy to reach if students are engaged. They insist that learning activities should be open and free -- a space for creativity; the reflection on that activity and how it ties back to the text is an area for worthwhile assessment.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1362771068,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1321},"headData":{"title":"Remixing Melville: Moby Dick Meets the Digital Generation | KQED","description":"In a traditional English class, a teacher might assign Herman Melville’s famous novel Moby Dick in small chunks. Students might complete their reading (or not), discuss major themes and perhaps write an essay at the end of the unit. But if a student never gets past the first few pages, the rest of that unit","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Remixing Melville: Moby Dick Meets the Digital Generation","datePublished":"2013-03-08T19:02:54.000Z","dateModified":"2013-03-08T19:31:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27552 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=27552","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/03/08/remixing-melville-moby-dick-meets-the-digital-generation/","disqusTitle":"Remixing Melville: Moby Dick Meets the Digital Generation","path":"/mindshift/27552/remixing-melville-moby-dick-meets-the-digital-generation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.henryjenkins.org\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/03/Screen-shot-2013-03-08-at-11.26.36-AM-620x336.png\" alt=\"Screen shot 2013-03-08 at 11.26.36 AM\" title=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"336\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27616\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">In a traditional English class, a teacher might assign Herman Melville’s famous novel \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> in small chunks. Students might complete their reading (or not), discuss major themes and perhaps write an essay at the end of the unit. But if a student never gets past the first few pages, the rest of that unit is lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s become a common refrain that traditional education isn't serving a generation of students whose lives outside of school are completely disconnected from what happens inside. But there are plenty of teachers working hard to make reading material relevant to students, including a team of researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://www.annenberglab.com/\">University of Southern California Annenberg's Innovation Lab\u003c/a> that includes Henry Jenkins and Erin Reilly. They've created a model of what they call \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/\">participatory learning\u003c/a> that engages students with materials on a personal level, often by incorporating different types of media into the classroom and offering varying points of entry to a text. Most recently, the team has put together a teacher’s strategy guide, \u003ca href=\"http://henryjenkins.org/2013/02/there-she-blows-reading-in-a-participatory-culture-and-flows-of-reading-launch-today.html\">\u003cem>Reading in a Participatory Culture: Remixing Moby-Dick in the English, Classroom\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and an interactive digital book, \u003ca href=\"http://scalar.usc.edu/anvc/flowsofreading/index\">\u003cem>Flows of Reading,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> to provide models of their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We want to raise a generation of kids who have a mouse in one hand and a book in the other.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> is a notoriously difficult book. “This book defeated me as an Advanced Placement kid,” Henry Jenkins said. He remembers hating the book, gritting his teeth to get through it and writing the worst essay of his high school career. That’s why he was so impressed by the work of the playwright\u003ca href=\"http://ricardopittswiley.com/\"> Ricardo Pitts-Wiley\u003c/a> who was teaching \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> to incarcerated youth in Rhode Island, many of whom read below grade level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitts-Wiley asked his students to reinterpret the novel in the context of their own lives. In their retelling Captain Ahab became a powerful drug dealer trying to avenge the death of his loved ones. \u003c!--more-->His drug crew is forced to decide how far they’ll go for their charismatic leader. Together with his students Pitts-Wiley turned their re-interpretation into a play:\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://video.mit.edu/watch/moby-dick-then-and-now-full-play-act-i-2466/\">Moby Dick: Then and Now\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. The students understood the themes when placed into familiar context and related to the character’s struggles when the story was no longer placed in an era and industry unfamiliar to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/\">How Can Teachers Prepare Kids for a Connected World?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitts-Wiley’s work correlates strongly to the research Jenkins has been doing on weaving more varieties of media into the classroom in order to make the learning experience more participatory, creative, multidisciplinary, and therefore meaningful to students. He teamed up with \u003ca href=\"http://lit.mit.edu/people/wkelley.php\">Wyn Kelley\u003c/a> a Melville scholar from MIT, and a team of educational experts to design a curriculum around \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> that would build in remixing, reinterpretation, and multimedia elements. They tested their new curriculum in six different schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to raise a generation of kids who have a mouse in one hand and a book in the other,” said Jenkins. To do that the curriculum focuses on Melville as a master mash-up artist of 19th century culture; his book includes Shakespeare plays, the Bible, whaling culture and more. From there, the door is open for classes to discuss how remixed elements are allusions and what happens to a text when an author incorporates the work of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We may be romanticizing what people got out of Moby Dick in the traditional classroom. This is just taking ownership over that and allowing students to pursue their passion and interests.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Culture matters, history matters, the goal is to foster old fashioned close reading,” Jenkins said. A typical assignment might ask students to take one page of \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em>, highlight words they don’t know, define terms, draw pictures and share with one another. The idea is to focus closely in order to incite curiosity about the whole. And to let students creatively express their opinions and thoughts about the book, hopefully with a better understanding of what their own remixing might add to the broader cultural body of work around \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this sounds a little messy and confusing – it is. That was the feedback teachers gave Jenkins’ team when they piloted these participatory learning strategies in the classroom. Teacher’s felt uncertain whether learning was taking place in this non-linear style. One teacher came to realize that if a student could get a purchase on the text anywhere, they understood how much more there is to learn about the book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a different kind of learning outcome than we usually get when we convince people they've exhausted a book, that they've gotten it, when they've only touched it superficially,” Jenkins said. He sees the goal as both teaching something about \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> in the moment as well as fostering a community of readers who know that reading Melville in high school English doesn't mean they've conquered it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/09/how-do-we-define-and-measure-deeper-learning/\">How Do We Define and Measure 'Deeper Learning'?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may be romanticizing what people got out of \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> in the traditional classroom,” Jenkins said. “This is just taking ownership over that and allowing students to pursue their passion and interests.” Piloting this curriculum Jenkins’ team found that it worked less effectively when teachers used it more traditionally. “The closer we got to traditional school, the more they shut down,” Jenkins said. “No curriculum is idiot proof. You have to get teachers who understand the participatory mindset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other part of the project, \u003cem>Flows of Reading\u003c/em>, helps encourage participation around literature and models an expanded approach to literacy and the reading and writing that make up the discipline. The digital book allows readers to follow hyperlinks, enjoy embedded video content, and add to an online space for related work. It broadens the model beyond \u003cem>Moby Dick\u003c/em> and applies it to reading at all age levels from a wordless picture book to the \u003cem>Hunger Games\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Lord of the Rings\u003c/em>. It offers four pathways or ways to view a text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://henryjenkins.org/2013/02/there-she-blows-reading-in-a-participatory-culture-and-flows-of-reading-launch-today.html\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-27603\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/03/Screen-Shot-2013-03-08-at-10.47.11-AM-300x437.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2013-03-08 at 10.47.11 AM\" width=\"300\" height=\"437\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MOTIVES FOR READING\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis pathway and assorted material address the idea that people read various kinds of textual content for all kinds of reasons. Reading a website may be different from reading a book, but they both require literacy and are appropriate at different points. This pathway explores how seemingly different kinds of reading might be more akin than they seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ADAPTATION AND REMIXING\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhile the book encourages students to elaborate and create material based on parts of a text that speak to them, this section also discusses appropriate and respectful adaptation and remixing. It brings in the ethics of attribution and fair use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NEGOTIATING CULTURAL SPACES\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis pathway discusses the various identities that each person brings to reading whether it is gender, ethnicity, specific experiences or anything else that shapes the reading process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CONTINUITIES AND SPACES\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThese are “the spaces where your imagination can go wild,” said Erin Reilly, who led the effort to create Flows. This pathway explores how to creatively share stories and layer upon the original.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the research and implementation of this project Jenkins and Reilly knew they’d need to think about assessment. They brought in \u003ca href=\"http://portal.education.indiana.edu/ProfilePlaceHolder/tabid/6210/Default.aspx?u=dthickey\">Dan Hickey\u003c/a> from Indiana University to help develop assessments that are immediate and happen as part of the learning process. The state standards are a minimum, Reilly and Jenkins maintain should be easy to reach if students are engaged. They insist that learning activities should be open and free -- a space for creativity; the reflection on that activity and how it ties back to the text is an area for worthwhile assessment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/27552/remixing-melville-moby-dick-meets-the-digital-generation","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_194","mindshift_195","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_968","mindshift_517","mindshift_243","mindshift_989"],"featImg":"mindshift_27607","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_26263":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_26263","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"26263","score":null,"sort":[1357756760000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world","title":"How Can Teachers Prepare Kids for a Connected World?","publishDate":1357756760,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/gear-brains/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26266\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-26266\" title=\"gear-brains\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/01/gear-brains-620x377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"377\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Educators are always striving to find ways to make curriculum relevant in students’ everyday lives. More and more teachers are using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2010/11/6-ways-social-media-is-changing-education/\">social media around lessons\u003c/a>, allowing students to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/05/how-teachers-make-cell-phones-work-in-the-classroom/\">use their cell phones\u003c/a> to do research and participate in class, and developing their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/07/whats-the-best-way-to-practice-project-based-learning/\">curriculum around projects\u003c/a> to ground learning around an activity. These strategies are all part of a larger goal to help students connect to social and cultural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's part of what defines “participatory learning,” coined by University of Southern California Annenberg Professor \u003ca href=\"http://annenberg.usc.edu/Faculty/Communication%20and%20Journalism/JenkinsH.aspx\">Henry Jenkins\u003c/a>, who published his first article on the topic “\u003ca href=\"http://digitallearning.macfound.org/atf/cf/%7B7E45C7E0-A3E0-4B89-AC9C-E807E1B0AE4E%7D/JENKINS_WHITE_PAPER.PDF\">Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture\u003c/a>,” in 2006. His work sprang out of the desire to understand the grassroots nature of creativity, how projects are being shared online and what an increasingly networked culture looks like. Since then, he and a team of researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.annenberglab.com/\">USC’s Annenberg Innovation Lab\u003c/a> have been trying to understand the skills that young people need to creatively participate in a networked world.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to change how American schools think about teaching, Jenkins’ team developed a strategy called \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/play-doc-01-15613677\">PLAY \u003c/a>(Participatory Learning and You) to explain the exploratory and experimental approach to teaching they think students would benefit from. The team worked with teachers in the Los Angeles Unified School District, and recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/amandafo/play-doc-02\">released a series of studies\u003c/a> that describe what they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PLAY describes a mode of experimentation, of testing materials, trying out new solutions, exploring new horizons,” Jenkins said. It’s how kids interact with games – throwing themselves in without reading the rules, testing the limits and feeling free to try and fail. But this learning style is hard to achieve in a system ruled by high-stakes testing where there is no room for students to fail. Everything they do goes on their academic record and they have become unaccustomed to experimenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>\"The teachers who let it get a little messy are finding something very powerful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Ed-tech has claimed a noisy role in the debate about how to engage kids with class work, but it isn’t the only way, he said. The ed-tech movement is one part of the participatory learning that Jenkins discusses, but there are other ways to help kids develop skills that will allow them to creatively connect with a culture that's increasingly networked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“It’s about a shift in how they think rather than thinking that tech is going to save them or that they need to learn all these tools in order to play, in order to experiment and tinker,” said \u003ca href=\"http://annenberg.usc.edu/Faculty/Communication%20and%20Journalism/ReillyE.aspx\">Erin Reilly\u003c/a>, the project's research director who has led efforts to work with teachers on developing specific strategies for teaching kids ways to collaborate, problem-solve and think creatively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/fun-failure-how-to-make-learning-irresistible/\">\u003cstrong>How to Connect School Life to Real Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What defines the PLAY strategy are things like creativity, co-learning, engagement and motivation, making learning relevant, and thinking of education as an ecosystem, where the connections between school, home, community and the broader world are all equally important. Using those principles, the goal is to teach skills students will need in the outside world -- things like exercising sound judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always wanted young people to critically engage with the information around them,” Jenkins said. “That takes on more urgency in an age of networked communication,” he said. Other skills have risen out of the technology’s influence, like the ability to visualize knowledge and understand visual information. Other skills, like multi-tasking and networking, have been around for a long time, but aren’t always emphasized in traditional classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skills that PLAY fosters are based on values that lie beneath the social and cultural experience of this generation, Jenkins said. Educators in Los Angeles who have been incorporating PLAY methods learned how deeply these ideas run in society, no longer worried as much about the specific technology they used to teach. Instead, they felt the freedom to try low-tech ways of getting at the same ideas. The tools were far less important than the tactics that served the learning goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges for teachers attempting to implement PLAY’s pedagogy is letting go of some of the control that teachers are taught to maintain over their classrooms. A teacher-centered approach can stifle the creative, experimental, and sometimes accidental learning that can be transformative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we hear a lot is teachers describing our approaches as messy, as getting out of control,” Jenkins said. “But the teachers who let it get a little messy are finding something very powerful.” Students might not be learning exactly the same thing, but they involve themselves and their passions in the learning, instilling a sense of ownership. But an apparently uncontrolled classroom can be hard to explain to an administrator who drops in, making it feel risky to teachers who are often alone in the fight to change public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/10/why-learning-should-be-messy/\">Why Learning Should Be Messy\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One teacher in the study had every intention of letting her students experiment in content, but had a harder time letting go of the format. She had her students create public service announcements on whatever topic felt relevant to them. Students spoke to their families and friends before picking topics they found meaningful. One group worked on depression and shared personal experiences as part of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came time to create a project, the teacher wanted students to use PowerPoint, a tool \u003cem>she\u003c/em> was familiar with, but let go of the idea and allowed them to make their projects on technology with which she was unfamiliar. Teacher and students learned together, each bringing something unique to the table. That type of co-learning is exactly what PLAY mentors feel needs to happen more often in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not easy to be the sole innovator in a school. “Teachers all over the country are fighting this fight alone,” Jenkins said. “By putting our weight behind those teachers we can be a support to that evolution.” The USC team knows that they are working with early adopters and that scalability will be difficult. Still the long term goal is to eliminate a common question heard from students, “when will I ever have to use this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>WHAT ABOUT ASSESSMENTS?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To gauge the impact of the PLAY program, the group performed a variety of assessments, including surveys, interviews, peer reflected videos. \"In the test-driven environment of the contemporary classroom, there is hardly ever any free time,\" Reilly said. \"Even in after-school programs, there is a strong push for evaluation, assessment, and continuation of the school day, leaving fewer opportunities for children to play, explore and use their imaginations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite decades of calls for inquiry-based learning, many teachers find they have less time to experiment with open-learning practices, she added, and as a result, the goal to help learners develop 21st century skills is in direct opposition to the expectation that they teach to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/12/got-a-problem-students-can-find-the-solution/\">Got a Problem? Let Students Find the Solution\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the group approached assessments in this way, Reilly said: \"We understand the Common Core Standards define what all students are expected to know and be able to do, but not how teachers should teach. We introduced teachers to new practices and ways of thinking about teaching. This, in turn was not to detract from addressing the requirement teachers have of preparing their students for the tests, but instead to give new practices that could result in perhaps more engaged students with material relevant to them so that the knowledge was gained in a different way -- thus resulting in we hope better results for the tests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, one middle school science teacher, experimented with a new activity that required letting go: rather than leading his students to a solution, he allowed for unexpected outcomes as his students used their collective knowledge to understand and solve the problem. The teacher gave students an array of artifacts, such as plastic tubing, paper and tape, and asked them to create a physical representation of what they had learned about how the digestive system functions. He wanted to use this opportunity to explore assessment in collaborative learning settings, and to examine how peer-to-peer processes could foster deep learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the project, the teacher also implemented a traditional written test, asking them to sequentially identify how the digestive system works. More than 98 percent scored well, Reilly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They used the time order transitional words correctly... and that is actually a California Standards Test question that they have to take at the end of this year,” the teacher said. From that point forward, students continued to suggest ways of applying the tools and resources around them to creatively and collaboratively engage in their assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information, read \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/designing-with-teachers-participatory-models-of-professional-development\">Designing With Teachers: Participatory to Professional Development in Education\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/play-doc-01-15613677\">Shall We Play? \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/play-participatory-learning-and-you\">PLAY! Participatory Learning and You\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1372302788,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1526},"headData":{"title":"How Can Teachers Prepare Kids for a Connected World? | KQED","description":"Educators are always striving to find ways to make curriculum relevant in students’ everyday lives. More and more teachers are using social media around lessons, allowing students to use their cell phones to do research and participate in class, and developing their curriculum around projects to ground learning around an activity. These strategies are all","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Can Teachers Prepare Kids for a Connected World?","datePublished":"2013-01-09T18:39:20.000Z","dateModified":"2013-06-27T03:13:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"26263 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=26263","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/09/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/","disqusTitle":"How Can Teachers Prepare Kids for a Connected World?","path":"/mindshift/26263/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world/gear-brains/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26266\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-large wp-image-26266\" title=\"gear-brains\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/01/gear-brains-620x377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"377\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Educators are always striving to find ways to make curriculum relevant in students’ everyday lives. More and more teachers are using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2010/11/6-ways-social-media-is-changing-education/\">social media around lessons\u003c/a>, allowing students to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/05/how-teachers-make-cell-phones-work-in-the-classroom/\">use their cell phones\u003c/a> to do research and participate in class, and developing their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/07/whats-the-best-way-to-practice-project-based-learning/\">curriculum around projects\u003c/a> to ground learning around an activity. These strategies are all part of a larger goal to help students connect to social and cultural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's part of what defines “participatory learning,” coined by University of Southern California Annenberg Professor \u003ca href=\"http://annenberg.usc.edu/Faculty/Communication%20and%20Journalism/JenkinsH.aspx\">Henry Jenkins\u003c/a>, who published his first article on the topic “\u003ca href=\"http://digitallearning.macfound.org/atf/cf/%7B7E45C7E0-A3E0-4B89-AC9C-E807E1B0AE4E%7D/JENKINS_WHITE_PAPER.PDF\">Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture\u003c/a>,” in 2006. His work sprang out of the desire to understand the grassroots nature of creativity, how projects are being shared online and what an increasingly networked culture looks like. Since then, he and a team of researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.annenberglab.com/\">USC’s Annenberg Innovation Lab\u003c/a> have been trying to understand the skills that young people need to creatively participate in a networked world.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to change how American schools think about teaching, Jenkins’ team developed a strategy called \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/play-doc-01-15613677\">PLAY \u003c/a>(Participatory Learning and You) to explain the exploratory and experimental approach to teaching they think students would benefit from. The team worked with teachers in the Los Angeles Unified School District, and recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/amandafo/play-doc-02\">released a series of studies\u003c/a> that describe what they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PLAY describes a mode of experimentation, of testing materials, trying out new solutions, exploring new horizons,” Jenkins said. It’s how kids interact with games – throwing themselves in without reading the rules, testing the limits and feeling free to try and fail. But this learning style is hard to achieve in a system ruled by high-stakes testing where there is no room for students to fail. Everything they do goes on their academic record and they have become unaccustomed to experimenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>\"The teachers who let it get a little messy are finding something very powerful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Ed-tech has claimed a noisy role in the debate about how to engage kids with class work, but it isn’t the only way, he said. The ed-tech movement is one part of the participatory learning that Jenkins discusses, but there are other ways to help kids develop skills that will allow them to creatively connect with a culture that's increasingly networked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“It’s about a shift in how they think rather than thinking that tech is going to save them or that they need to learn all these tools in order to play, in order to experiment and tinker,” said \u003ca href=\"http://annenberg.usc.edu/Faculty/Communication%20and%20Journalism/ReillyE.aspx\">Erin Reilly\u003c/a>, the project's research director who has led efforts to work with teachers on developing specific strategies for teaching kids ways to collaborate, problem-solve and think creatively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/fun-failure-how-to-make-learning-irresistible/\">\u003cstrong>How to Connect School Life to Real Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What defines the PLAY strategy are things like creativity, co-learning, engagement and motivation, making learning relevant, and thinking of education as an ecosystem, where the connections between school, home, community and the broader world are all equally important. Using those principles, the goal is to teach skills students will need in the outside world -- things like exercising sound judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always wanted young people to critically engage with the information around them,” Jenkins said. “That takes on more urgency in an age of networked communication,” he said. Other skills have risen out of the technology’s influence, like the ability to visualize knowledge and understand visual information. Other skills, like multi-tasking and networking, have been around for a long time, but aren’t always emphasized in traditional classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skills that PLAY fosters are based on values that lie beneath the social and cultural experience of this generation, Jenkins said. Educators in Los Angeles who have been incorporating PLAY methods learned how deeply these ideas run in society, no longer worried as much about the specific technology they used to teach. Instead, they felt the freedom to try low-tech ways of getting at the same ideas. The tools were far less important than the tactics that served the learning goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges for teachers attempting to implement PLAY’s pedagogy is letting go of some of the control that teachers are taught to maintain over their classrooms. A teacher-centered approach can stifle the creative, experimental, and sometimes accidental learning that can be transformative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we hear a lot is teachers describing our approaches as messy, as getting out of control,” Jenkins said. “But the teachers who let it get a little messy are finding something very powerful.” Students might not be learning exactly the same thing, but they involve themselves and their passions in the learning, instilling a sense of ownership. But an apparently uncontrolled classroom can be hard to explain to an administrator who drops in, making it feel risky to teachers who are often alone in the fight to change public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #888888\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/10/why-learning-should-be-messy/\">Why Learning Should Be Messy\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One teacher in the study had every intention of letting her students experiment in content, but had a harder time letting go of the format. She had her students create public service announcements on whatever topic felt relevant to them. Students spoke to their families and friends before picking topics they found meaningful. One group worked on depression and shared personal experiences as part of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came time to create a project, the teacher wanted students to use PowerPoint, a tool \u003cem>she\u003c/em> was familiar with, but let go of the idea and allowed them to make their projects on technology with which she was unfamiliar. Teacher and students learned together, each bringing something unique to the table. That type of co-learning is exactly what PLAY mentors feel needs to happen more often in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not easy to be the sole innovator in a school. “Teachers all over the country are fighting this fight alone,” Jenkins said. “By putting our weight behind those teachers we can be a support to that evolution.” The USC team knows that they are working with early adopters and that scalability will be difficult. Still the long term goal is to eliminate a common question heard from students, “when will I ever have to use this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>WHAT ABOUT ASSESSMENTS?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>To gauge the impact of the PLAY program, the group performed a variety of assessments, including surveys, interviews, peer reflected videos. \"In the test-driven environment of the contemporary classroom, there is hardly ever any free time,\" Reilly said. \"Even in after-school programs, there is a strong push for evaluation, assessment, and continuation of the school day, leaving fewer opportunities for children to play, explore and use their imaginations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite decades of calls for inquiry-based learning, many teachers find they have less time to experiment with open-learning practices, she added, and as a result, the goal to help learners develop 21st century skills is in direct opposition to the expectation that they teach to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong>\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/12/got-a-problem-students-can-find-the-solution/\">Got a Problem? Let Students Find the Solution\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the group approached assessments in this way, Reilly said: \"We understand the Common Core Standards define what all students are expected to know and be able to do, but not how teachers should teach. We introduced teachers to new practices and ways of thinking about teaching. This, in turn was not to detract from addressing the requirement teachers have of preparing their students for the tests, but instead to give new practices that could result in perhaps more engaged students with material relevant to them so that the knowledge was gained in a different way -- thus resulting in we hope better results for the tests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, one middle school science teacher, experimented with a new activity that required letting go: rather than leading his students to a solution, he allowed for unexpected outcomes as his students used their collective knowledge to understand and solve the problem. The teacher gave students an array of artifacts, such as plastic tubing, paper and tape, and asked them to create a physical representation of what they had learned about how the digestive system functions. He wanted to use this opportunity to explore assessment in collaborative learning settings, and to examine how peer-to-peer processes could foster deep learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the project, the teacher also implemented a traditional written test, asking them to sequentially identify how the digestive system works. More than 98 percent scored well, Reilly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They used the time order transitional words correctly... and that is actually a California Standards Test question that they have to take at the end of this year,” the teacher said. From that point forward, students continued to suggest ways of applying the tools and resources around them to creatively and collaboratively engage in their assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information, read \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/designing-with-teachers-participatory-models-of-professional-development\">Designing With Teachers: Participatory to Professional Development in Education\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/play-doc-01-15613677\">Shall We Play? \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.slideshare.net/ebreilly1/play-participatory-learning-and-you\">PLAY! Participatory Learning and You\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/26263/how-can-teachers-prepare-kids-for-a-connected-world","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_20524","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_862","mindshift_870","mindshift_517","mindshift_797","mindshift_989","mindshift_256"],"featImg":"mindshift_26266","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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