How to fend off 'educational numbness' with experiential learning
How Parents Can Have Conversations That Motivate Teens
Four Research-Based Strategies To Ignite Intrinsic Motivation In Students
Leveraging the Lore of 'Dungeons & Dragons' to Motivate Students to Read and Write
Why Stepping Back Can Empower Kids In An Anxious World
How Ending Behavior Rewards Helped One School Focus on Student Motivation and Character
Why Even Great Teaching Strategies Can Backfire And What To Do About It
Top Issues Capturing the Minds of Educators and Parents This Year
What's At Risk When Schools Focus Too Much on Student Data?
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"mindshift_58700":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_58700","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"58700","found":true},"title":"Education learning dream hope inspiration and freedom concept, boy with Ôøºimagination book. surreal painting. Fantasy art, conceptual artwork, happiness of child , 3d illustration","publishDate":1635798829,"status":"inherit","parent":58698,"modified":1635798885,"caption":null,"credit":"Jorm Sangsorn/ iStock","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-800x425.jpg","width":800,"height":425,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-1020x542.jpg","width":1020,"height":542,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-160x85.jpg","width":160,"height":85,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-768x408.jpg","width":768,"height":408,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-1536x816.jpg","width":1536,"height":816,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/experiential-learning-in-ELA-classrooms.jpg","width":1920,"height":1020}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_58490":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_58490","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"58490","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1631517859,"status":"inherit","parent":58487,"modified":1631517893,"caption":null,"credit":"PIKSEL/iStock","altTag":"Mother hugging her teenage son in the kitchen","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/09/iStock-1255589346-e1631517878171.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_53677":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_53677","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"53677","found":true},"title":"Girl Connects Lightbulb","publishDate":1558336445,"status":"inherit","parent":53426,"modified":1558336469,"caption":null,"credit":"yvonnestewarthenderson/iStock","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-160x160.jpg","width":160,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-800x800.jpg","width":800,"height":800,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-768x768.jpg","width":768,"height":768,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-1020x1020.jpg","width":1020,"height":1020,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-1200x1200.jpg","width":1200,"height":1200,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182-1920x1920.jpg","width":1920,"height":1920,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2019/04/iStock-619270182.jpg","width":1953,"height":1953}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_52306":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_52306","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"52306","found":true},"title":"39197988211_d105c47ebd_k","publishDate":1539016968,"status":"inherit","parent":51787,"modified":1539016988,"caption":null,"credit":"New Jersey Education Association","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1200x800.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1180x786.jpg","width":1180,"height":786,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-520x347.jpg","width":520,"height":347,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1180x786.jpg","width":1180,"height":786,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39197988211_d105c47ebd_k.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_51694":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_51694","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"51694","found":true},"title":"Social support networks can help mothers of teenagers navigate through difficulties and maintain closeness with their children.","publishDate":1531931137,"status":"inherit","parent":51693,"modified":1531931274,"caption":null,"credit":"Angie Wang for NPR","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-768x511.jpg","width":768,"height":511,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-1020x679.jpg","width":1020,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"complete_open_graph":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-1200x799.jpg","width":1200,"height":799,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-1180x786.jpg","width":1180,"height":786,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-960x639.jpg","width":960,"height":639,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-520x346.jpg","width":520,"height":346,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-1180x786.jpg","width":1180,"height":786,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/07/mom-support_slide-b7832f16b707e5bde84de23c0277f0328d7bd6f9.jpg","width":1690,"height":1125}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_48799":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_48799","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"48799","found":true},"title":"2426799747_4e51318afb_o","publishDate":1501262613,"status":"inherit","parent":48578,"modified":1501262639,"caption":null,"credit":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/teejaybee/2426799747/in/photolist-4GrZ1X-5N8DTM-aSP5Vz-axavyK-JYMws-7EN1CE-pb96Dn-623hg5-4tKkbP-e1MFeJ-n2ec9-brV7UC-7VKH99-chC3wW-aX3dR-9345w8-CQfQd-71ERTX-6uhYpw-yC5Fc-edrdS-n2ehr-561Wma-dVN3oj-93JRxB-59EY57-298RY-4SWrB8-9zAkiV-oeUE2-2ndNjp-8JcMQn-csxy77-4GBBKx-4uwrEW-88RzvW-sgh1st-e1G2VB-don2Fa-9Zk5R-aC3eL-5352FN-foe7HS-jiqSSR-nvUJ9-4uvEhw-4qWBH-7yMA9d-cwEfkC-jLvrq\">Flickr/teejaybee\u003c/a>","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-1020x681.jpg","width":1020,"height":681,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-1180x788.jpg","width":1180,"height":788,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-960x641.jpg","width":960,"height":641,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-240x160.jpg","width":240,"height":160,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-375x250.jpg","width":375,"height":250,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-520x347.jpg","width":520,"height":347,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-1180x788.jpg","width":1180,"height":788,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/07/2426799747_4e51318afb_o.jpg","width":1284,"height":857}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_47714":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_47714","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"47714","found":true},"title":"kids-drawing","publishDate":1488925014,"status":"inherit","parent":47712,"modified":1488925123,"caption":"A famous study found that when preschool children were incentivized to draw they no longer chose to do so when they had free play time.","credit":"iStock","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-160x90.png","width":160,"height":90,"mimeType":"image/png"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-800x450.png","width":800,"height":450,"mimeType":"image/png"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-768x432.png","width":768,"height":432,"mimeType":"image/png"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-1020x574.png","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/png"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-1920x1080.png","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/png"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-1180x664.png","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/png"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-960x540.png","width":960,"height":540,"mimeType":"image/png"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-672x372.png","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/png"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-1038x576.png","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/png"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-240x135.png","width":240,"height":135,"mimeType":"image/png"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-375x211.png","width":375,"height":211,"mimeType":"image/png"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-520x293.png","width":520,"height":293,"mimeType":"image/png"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-1180x664.png","width":1180,"height":664,"mimeType":"image/png"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-1920x1080.png","width":1920,"height":1080,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-32x32.png","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-50x50.png","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-64x64.png","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-96x96.png","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/png"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-128x128.png","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/png"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing-150x150.png","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/png"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/kids-drawing.png","width":2120,"height":1193}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_47219":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_47219","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"47219","found":true},"title":"10-themes","publishDate":1482846925,"status":"inherit","parent":47195,"modified":1482846944,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/DGLimages","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-160x117.jpg","width":160,"height":117,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-800x584.jpg","width":800,"height":584,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-768x561.jpg","width":768,"height":561,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-1020x745.jpg","width":1020,"height":745,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-1180x862.jpg","width":1180,"height":862,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-960x701.jpg","width":960,"height":701,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-240x175.jpg","width":240,"height":175,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-375x274.jpg","width":375,"height":274,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-520x380.jpg","width":520,"height":380,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-1180x862.jpg","width":1180,"height":862,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/12/10-Themes.jpg","width":1877,"height":1371}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_45402":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_45402","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"45402","found":true},"title":"16221900249_e1c3182bba_o","publishDate":1465237577,"status":"inherit","parent":45396,"modified":1465237583,"caption":null,"credit":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/skrubu/16221900249/in/photostream/\">Flickr/Pekka Nikrus\u003c/a>","description":null,"imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-400x267.jpg","width":400,"height":267,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-1024x576.jpg","width":1024,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"cat_post_thumb_sizecategory-posts-2":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2016/06/16221900249_e1c3182bba_o.jpg","width":1024,"height":683}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_mindshift_51693":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_51693","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_51693","name":"Cory Turner","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_45396":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_45396","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_45396","name":"Anya Kamenetz","isLoading":false},"katrinaschwartz":{"type":"authors","id":"234","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"234","found":true},"name":"Katrina Schwartz","firstName":"Katrina","lastName":"Schwartz","slug":"katrinaschwartz","email":"kschwartz@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Producer","bio":"Katrina Schwartz is a journalist based in San Francisco. She's worked at KPCC public radio in LA and has reported on air and online for KQED since 2010. She covered how teaching and learning is changing for MindShift between 2012 and 2020. She is the co-host of the MindShift podcast and now produces KQED's Bay Curious podcast.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"kschwart","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Katrina Schwartz | KQED","description":"Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katrinaschwartz"},"lindaflan":{"type":"authors","id":"4613","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"4613","found":true},"name":"Linda Flanagan","firstName":"Linda","lastName":"Flanagan","slug":"lindaflan","email":"lindaflan@comcast.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Linda Flanagan is a freelance writer, researcher, and editor. Her work has appeared in The Atlantic, The Wall St. Journal, Newsweek, Running Times, and Mind/Shift, and she blogs regularly for the Huffington Post. Linda writes about education, culture, athletics, youth sports, mental health, politics, college admissions, and other curiosities. She also reviews books and conducts interviews.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bca04c0736bf5eaea80654019de688f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"LindaFlanagan2","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Linda Flanagan | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bca04c0736bf5eaea80654019de688f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6bca04c0736bf5eaea80654019de688f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/lindaflan"},"dfkris":{"type":"authors","id":"11087","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11087","found":true},"name":"Deborah Farmer Kris","firstName":"Deborah Farmer","lastName":"Kris","slug":"dfkris","email":"dfkris@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/@dfkris\">Deborah Farmer Kris\u003c/a> has taught elementary, middle and high school and served as a charter school administrator. She spent a decade as an associate at Boston University’s \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/ccsr/about-us/\">Center for Character and Social Responsibility\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>\u003cem>researching, writing, and consulting with schools. She is the mother of two young children. You can follower her on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/@dfkris\">@dfkris\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/48efe6f17031ed31222b74af9605fe5a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"dfkris","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Deborah Farmer Kris | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/48efe6f17031ed31222b74af9605fe5a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/48efe6f17031ed31222b74af9605fe5a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dfkris"},"pauldarvasi":{"type":"authors","id":"11107","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11107","found":true},"name":"Paul Darvasi","firstName":"Paul","lastName":"Darvasi","slug":"pauldarvasi","email":"pauldarvasi@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Paul Darvasi is an experienced educator whose research, speaking and writing explore the intersections of learning, technology, narrative and games. You can follow him on Twitter:\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PaulDarvasi\"> @pauldarvasi\u003c/a>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df387897a1bf0cd4b720b8175112731a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"pauldarvasi","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Paul Darvasi | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df387897a1bf0cd4b720b8175112731a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/df387897a1bf0cd4b720b8175112731a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/pauldarvasi"},"ngobir":{"type":"authors","id":"11721","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11721","found":true},"name":"Nimah Gobir","firstName":"Nimah","lastName":"Gobir","slug":"ngobir","email":"ngobir@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Nimah Gobir | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e08e101e43fc79cc7bcd0c19038d7d08?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/ngobir"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_58698":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_58698","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"58698","score":null,"sort":[1638254829000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-to-fend-off-educational-numbness-with-experiential-learning","title":"How to fend off 'educational numbness' with experiential learning","publishDate":1638254829,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her first year as an English language arts (ELA) teacher, Lorena Germán remembers trying to steer her students through reading a district-assigned fiction book while ensuring they understood the text, retained what they learned and passed standardized tests. With her teaching options limited by a strict curriculum and students’ learning tied to aggressive benchmarks, it felt like an impossible task. So she started to experiment to find better ways to teach her students. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her new book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.heinemann.com/products/e12041.aspx\">Textured Teaching: A Framework for Culturally Sustaining Practices\u003c/a>,” Germán shares what she gathered from her ten years of teaching about creating meaningful, justice-centered lessons. Her framework addresses what she calls “educational numbness” in today’s students, which is a result of how testing-centered schooling calls for students to be completely compliant, sit still and do assignments. “They're not supposed to be too sad or too emotional or angry. They're just supposed to receive and consume information and be OK with it,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educational numbness has been further intensified by pandemic restrictions, according to Germán. Now, as students return to school buildings and readapt to their learning environments, they are at a breaking point. Teachers have noticed behavioral issues such as fighting and\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.krgv.com/news/students-destroy-steal-school-property-for-viral-tiktok-challenge/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “trash your school” challenges.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “We’re seeing a very visceral reaction,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://content.gallup.com/origin/gallupinc/GallupSpaces/Production/Cms/TGBCMS/8glunhrdqkypqkxwxqqtog.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https://content.gallup.com/origin/gallupinc/GallupSpaces/Production/Cms/TGBCMS/8glunhrdqkypqkxwxqqtog.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"699\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educational numbness is especially common in ELA because it is a high stakes testing subject, said Germán. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/170525/school-cliff-student-engagement-drops-school-year.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">series of Gallup surveys \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">calls the decline in engagement from grades 5 through 12 an \"\u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/211886/keep-kids-excited-school.aspx\">engagement\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/211886/keep-kids-excited-school.aspx\"> cliff.\u003c/a>\" In order to keep them engaged, students have called for more relevant curriculum, meaningful work and hope, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/211886/keep-kids-excited-school.aspx\">survey\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germán said creating experiential learning moments in ELA classes creates opportunities for students to learn in a way that applies their senses and resists the passiveness many learning environments seem to demand. “Textured Teaching said you're a human being who has feelings, who is sentient, and I want you to bring that in here,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Identifying moments in the text for experiential activities\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germán said that students, particularly\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://opa.hhs.gov/adolescent-health/adolescent-development-explained/cognitive-development\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> adolescents, need a lot of stimulation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to retain information and then apply it. “I want [students] to sit and read that book, and it moves you so much that maybe you cry,” said Germán. “I want those emotions in there. I want that passion in there because it's OK and it is conducive to learning.” She focuses on engaging the five senses to bring texts to life, incorporating ways for students to see, touch, hear, smell and even taste things that are relevant to what they are reading at the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make sure experiential learning activities are rooted in academic skill development, Germán targets moments in texts that help students analyze and comprehend six core concepts: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Characterization\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. How has the author developed the characters?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Theme\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. What are central or reoccurring ideas that the author explores?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Setting.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Where are things taking place and how does that influence the characters?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Plot.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What is the story’s arc?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Social justice.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What are the ideas the author explores that are related to race and inclusivity?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Text-to-self connections.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Are there experiences from the story that are unfamiliar to students, but relevant to the present day?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often these core concepts may overlap and can expose students to parts of the book that may have gone unnoticed. For example, when Germán was reading “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” with her students, she took them to the Colorado River to help them understand how the characters would have experienced running away on the Mississippi River. She felt this experiential learning opportunity allowed her to better communicate the dangers that the character Jim would have felt as a formerly enslaved runaway. “Students touched the ground, felt the cold water, walked past branches and physically felt what the space was like,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, s\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ome teachers are familiar with experiential learning because they’ve seen the ways it has gone wrong and turned into a potentially harmful simulation. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simulations enact\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/spring-2020/ending-curriculum-violence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “curriculum violence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” and negatively impact the emotional wellbeing of certain learners. Germán cautions educators to avoid scenarios that recreate oppressive structures or expose marginalized students to harm, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://blavity.com/mother-livid-after-school-uses-her-child-to-reenact-little-rock-nine-abuse?category1=news\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">historical reenactments \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">or performing stereotypes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Part of what people are trying to do with these horribly terrible simulations is inspire empathy,” said Germán. “We can do that without asking people to relive war crimes, for example, or slavery,” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, one year, Germán was teaching “Night,” a memoir by Elie Wiesel about the Holocaust. Her students were having trouble conceptualizing the railroad cars that were used to take Jewish people and others to concentration camps. She started by showing her students pictures, but when they still didn’t grasp the concept, she worked with a small group of students to measure out the dimensions of the train car on the floor with cardboard. Together they wrote details from the book on the board such as the weather in the country at the time and characteristics of the cars. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.heinemann.com/products/e12041.aspx\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-58792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/textured-teaching-160x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/textured-teaching-160x200.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/textured-teaching.jpeg 230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>She did not require students to get inside the structure or simulate the moments described in the book because that could create harm. Instead, she had students stand around the outside and talk about what they noticed and how having a physical representation of the dimensions strengthened their understanding of the book. “That helps them to both see it, imagine a little bit and have some empathy without me saying, ‘Let's practice being in a war crime.’” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If teachers do make mistakes that veer off into being a simulation when they’re trying to engage students in an experiential learning activity, Germán advises that they take a beat to reflect on what went wrong moment-by-moment. “Owning your mistake is going to be very important here,” she writes in Textured Teaching. If needed, teachers should get in touch with their administrators, share what went wrong and what their next steps are. Teachers can sit down with their students to apologize and clarify any incorrect information or misconceptions. “You should refrain from doing any other re-creations until you get a better grasp of the difference between re-creations and simulations and how to plan one effectively.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Inviting people into your classroom\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another way to facilitate an experiential moment is to have someone come to the classroom to talk to students. Germán said this adds “auditory texture” to the class. Teachers can start by asking themselves what voices are missing in their lessons and invite people who can create a more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">holistic understanding\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of what students are learning in class. “Often, English classrooms feel restrictive and stiff because they overwhelmingly involve reading and writing while sitting quietly at desks. This is a good opportunity to move out of the desks, get into a community circle and listen.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germán encourages teachers to consider inviting to the classroom community members who do not speak English as a primary language. “Who you bring in communicates who you value,” she said. Bringing in other voices can also make students more aware of how certain identities have been excluded from U.S. schooling. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before welcoming speakers into the classroom, teachers can get students ready to engage with visitors. “There's got to be this foundation of how to ask questions respectfully,” said Germán. She also wants to make sure students understand how to ask questions that go beyond identity and into the content. “So that they’re not just sitting here asking you about your culture, but about how your culture impacts the thing you're talking about.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Debriefs are essential to bringing experiential activities to a close. She usually gives students three options: independent journal time, talking with a partner or talking together as a whole class. “I always offer a prompt,” she said. “I think sometimes debriefing doesn't work well because teachers just want to say, ‘What did you think?’” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some of her tried and true prompts are “What came up for you today during this learning experience that you had not considered before?” or “Are you having a new thought about the things that we’ve been talking about?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Experiential learning activities offer an entry point into potentially challenging subject matter and help students fully engage in ELA. While having kids get out of desks to engage in an activity that asks them to move around the classroom can make educators a bit nervous, it can result in committed learners with a better understanding of what they are learning and opportunities to apply their new knowledge to other subjects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lorena Germán’s Textured Teaching framework says ELA educators can engage students' senses as a way to motivate them to learn.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1638254829,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1546},"headData":{"title":"How to fend off 'educational numbness' with experiential learning - MindShift","description":"Lorena Germán’s Textured Teaching framework says ELA educators can engage students' senses as a way to motivate them to learn.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How to fend off 'educational numbness' with experiential learning","datePublished":"2021-11-30T06:47:09.000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-30T06:47:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58698 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=58698","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/11/29/how-to-fend-off-educational-numbness-with-experiential-learning/","disqusTitle":"How to fend off 'educational numbness' with experiential learning","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","path":"/mindshift/58698/how-to-fend-off-educational-numbness-with-experiential-learning","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her first year as an English language arts (ELA) teacher, Lorena Germán remembers trying to steer her students through reading a district-assigned fiction book while ensuring they understood the text, retained what they learned and passed standardized tests. With her teaching options limited by a strict curriculum and students’ learning tied to aggressive benchmarks, it felt like an impossible task. So she started to experiment to find better ways to teach her students. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her new book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.heinemann.com/products/e12041.aspx\">Textured Teaching: A Framework for Culturally Sustaining Practices\u003c/a>,” Germán shares what she gathered from her ten years of teaching about creating meaningful, justice-centered lessons. Her framework addresses what she calls “educational numbness” in today’s students, which is a result of how testing-centered schooling calls for students to be completely compliant, sit still and do assignments. “They're not supposed to be too sad or too emotional or angry. They're just supposed to receive and consume information and be OK with it,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educational numbness has been further intensified by pandemic restrictions, according to Germán. Now, as students return to school buildings and readapt to their learning environments, they are at a breaking point. Teachers have noticed behavioral issues such as fighting and\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.krgv.com/news/students-destroy-steal-school-property-for-viral-tiktok-challenge/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “trash your school” challenges.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “We’re seeing a very visceral reaction,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://content.gallup.com/origin/gallupinc/GallupSpaces/Production/Cms/TGBCMS/8glunhrdqkypqkxwxqqtog.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https://content.gallup.com/origin/gallupinc/GallupSpaces/Production/Cms/TGBCMS/8glunhrdqkypqkxwxqqtog.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1140\" height=\"699\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educational numbness is especially common in ELA because it is a high stakes testing subject, said Germán. A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/170525/school-cliff-student-engagement-drops-school-year.aspx\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">series of Gallup surveys \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">calls the decline in engagement from grades 5 through 12 an \"\u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/211886/keep-kids-excited-school.aspx\">engagement\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/211886/keep-kids-excited-school.aspx\"> cliff.\u003c/a>\" In order to keep them engaged, students have called for more relevant curriculum, meaningful work and hope, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/211886/keep-kids-excited-school.aspx\">survey\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germán said creating experiential learning moments in ELA classes creates opportunities for students to learn in a way that applies their senses and resists the passiveness many learning environments seem to demand. “Textured Teaching said you're a human being who has feelings, who is sentient, and I want you to bring that in here,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Identifying moments in the text for experiential activities\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germán said that students, particularly\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://opa.hhs.gov/adolescent-health/adolescent-development-explained/cognitive-development\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> adolescents, need a lot of stimulation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to retain information and then apply it. “I want [students] to sit and read that book, and it moves you so much that maybe you cry,” said Germán. “I want those emotions in there. I want that passion in there because it's OK and it is conducive to learning.” She focuses on engaging the five senses to bring texts to life, incorporating ways for students to see, touch, hear, smell and even taste things that are relevant to what they are reading at the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make sure experiential learning activities are rooted in academic skill development, Germán targets moments in texts that help students analyze and comprehend six core concepts: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Characterization\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. How has the author developed the characters?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Theme\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. What are central or reoccurring ideas that the author explores?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Setting.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Where are things taking place and how does that influence the characters?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Plot.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What is the story’s arc?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Social justice.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What are the ideas the author explores that are related to race and inclusivity?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Text-to-self connections.\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Are there experiences from the story that are unfamiliar to students, but relevant to the present day?\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often these core concepts may overlap and can expose students to parts of the book that may have gone unnoticed. For example, when Germán was reading “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” with her students, she took them to the Colorado River to help them understand how the characters would have experienced running away on the Mississippi River. She felt this experiential learning opportunity allowed her to better communicate the dangers that the character Jim would have felt as a formerly enslaved runaway. “Students touched the ground, felt the cold water, walked past branches and physically felt what the space was like,” said Germán. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, s\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ome teachers are familiar with experiential learning because they’ve seen the ways it has gone wrong and turned into a potentially harmful simulation. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simulations enact\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/spring-2020/ending-curriculum-violence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “curriculum violence\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” and negatively impact the emotional wellbeing of certain learners. Germán cautions educators to avoid scenarios that recreate oppressive structures or expose marginalized students to harm, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://blavity.com/mother-livid-after-school-uses-her-child-to-reenact-little-rock-nine-abuse?category1=news\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">historical reenactments \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">or performing stereotypes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Part of what people are trying to do with these horribly terrible simulations is inspire empathy,” said Germán. “We can do that without asking people to relive war crimes, for example, or slavery,” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, one year, Germán was teaching “Night,” a memoir by Elie Wiesel about the Holocaust. Her students were having trouble conceptualizing the railroad cars that were used to take Jewish people and others to concentration camps. She started by showing her students pictures, but when they still didn’t grasp the concept, she worked with a small group of students to measure out the dimensions of the train car on the floor with cardboard. Together they wrote details from the book on the board such as the weather in the country at the time and characteristics of the cars. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.heinemann.com/products/e12041.aspx\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-58792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/textured-teaching-160x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/textured-teaching-160x200.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2021/11/textured-teaching.jpeg 230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>She did not require students to get inside the structure or simulate the moments described in the book because that could create harm. Instead, she had students stand around the outside and talk about what they noticed and how having a physical representation of the dimensions strengthened their understanding of the book. “That helps them to both see it, imagine a little bit and have some empathy without me saying, ‘Let's practice being in a war crime.’” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If teachers do make mistakes that veer off into being a simulation when they’re trying to engage students in an experiential learning activity, Germán advises that they take a beat to reflect on what went wrong moment-by-moment. “Owning your mistake is going to be very important here,” she writes in Textured Teaching. If needed, teachers should get in touch with their administrators, share what went wrong and what their next steps are. Teachers can sit down with their students to apologize and clarify any incorrect information or misconceptions. “You should refrain from doing any other re-creations until you get a better grasp of the difference between re-creations and simulations and how to plan one effectively.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Inviting people into your classroom\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another way to facilitate an experiential moment is to have someone come to the classroom to talk to students. Germán said this adds “auditory texture” to the class. Teachers can start by asking themselves what voices are missing in their lessons and invite people who can create a more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">holistic understanding\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of what students are learning in class. “Often, English classrooms feel restrictive and stiff because they overwhelmingly involve reading and writing while sitting quietly at desks. This is a good opportunity to move out of the desks, get into a community circle and listen.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germán encourages teachers to consider inviting to the classroom community members who do not speak English as a primary language. “Who you bring in communicates who you value,” she said. Bringing in other voices can also make students more aware of how certain identities have been excluded from U.S. schooling. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before welcoming speakers into the classroom, teachers can get students ready to engage with visitors. “There's got to be this foundation of how to ask questions respectfully,” said Germán. She also wants to make sure students understand how to ask questions that go beyond identity and into the content. “So that they’re not just sitting here asking you about your culture, but about how your culture impacts the thing you're talking about.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Debriefs are essential to bringing experiential activities to a close. She usually gives students three options: independent journal time, talking with a partner or talking together as a whole class. “I always offer a prompt,” she said. “I think sometimes debriefing doesn't work well because teachers just want to say, ‘What did you think?’” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some of her tried and true prompts are “What came up for you today during this learning experience that you had not considered before?” or “Are you having a new thought about the things that we’ve been talking about?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Experiential learning activities offer an entry point into potentially challenging subject matter and help students fully engage in ELA. While having kids get out of desks to engage in an activity that asks them to move around the classroom can make educators a bit nervous, it can result in committed learners with a better understanding of what they are learning and opportunities to apply their new knowledge to other subjects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/58698/how-to-fend-off-educational-numbness-with-experiential-learning","authors":["11721"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21319","mindshift_21403","mindshift_20711","mindshift_20646","mindshift_20985","mindshift_20839","mindshift_20616","mindshift_20557"],"featImg":"mindshift_58700","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_58487":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_58487","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"58487","score":null,"sort":[1631517930000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-parents-can-have-conversations-that-motivate-teens","title":"How Parents Can Have Conversations That Motivate Teens","publishDate":1631517930,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the release of his bestselling book “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Self-Driven-Child-Science-Giving-Control/dp/0735222525/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Self-Driven Child\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” clinical neuropsychologist William Stixrud got a request: make it even easier for parents to apply the research in the book. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So Stixrud and his co-author \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thenedjohnson.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ned Johnson \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wrote \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/What-You-Say-Motivation-Tolerance/dp/1984880365/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Do You Say? \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/What-You-Say-Motivation-Tolerance/dp/1984880365/\">How to Talk with Kids to Build Motivation, Stress Tolerance, and a Happy Home\u003c/a>.\" Their goal was to give parents more language they can use with kids.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They recently spoke about their new book at a parent education workshop hosted by \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parentventure.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parent Venture\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Johnson is the founder of PrepMatters and host of PrepTalksPod\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The relationship between parent and child is central to building children’s self-motivation and stress tolerance. And how parents respond to kids when they are emotionally distressed can strengthen or strain that relationship.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Seek First to Understand\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Johnson and Stixrud interviewed dozens of adolescents, asking them “Who do you feel closest to?” and “What is it about that person that helps you feel close?” The overwhelming sentiment was this: “The person I feel closest to is the one who listens to me and listens without judgment,” said Stixrud. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The purpose of communication is ultimately to connect.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But too often, when kids are in distress, parents want to use words to fix their feelings, said Johnson. “We use logical words and try to talk them out of their hard feelings,” he said. But logic doesn’t calm the stress response; “empathy and validation do.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When parents offer suggestions – even really sensible ones – most children often “bounce them away,” said Johnson. “We start giving all the things to try and they will reflexively give us all the reasons it won’t work.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, he said parents should seek first to understand, show an interest in their child's interests, ask non-leading questions and practice listening carefully and then reflecting back what you hear with phrases such as: “Let me see if I can get this straight . . . Do I have that right?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can pivot toward advice eventually, Johnson said, but if you want to be heard, you need to start with empathy. And if you do offer suggestions, avoid firm directives. Instead try phrases such as, “Can I make a suggestion?”; “I have an idea about that. Can I run it by you?”; or “For whatever it’s worth . . . ” Stay warm and tentative, framing advice as an offering rather than a command. “We are much less likely to get resistance if we do that,” said Johnson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Be a Manager, Not a Boss\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As teens prepare to become independent adults, parents need to reframe their perception of their role, said Stixrud. “Think of yourself more as a manager than as a boss. We want to offer our help, advice and wisdom, but not force it down kids’ throats. And we want kids, as much as possible, to make their own decisions. Our goal is for kids to run their own lives before we send them off to college.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stixrud recommends that parents take force off the table in their interactions with kids. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I start with no force,” he said, “and then I’m much more able to get cooperation and get kids to try things.” When you find yourself in a power struggle with your child, step back and use language that prioritizes the relationship, such as, “I love you too much to fight with you about your homework.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Power struggles activate the threat center of the brain, said Johnson, and so an overt “no-force” approach supports collaborative problem-solving. For example, if video games are a source of parent-child tension, start by showing genuine interest. “Learn the game or at least watch them play,” said Johnson. “Tell them ‘I see why you like this stuff.’” Once you have had a chance to validate their perspective, you can say something like, “I get that you love video games. I also know that when you play too much, you get irritable and don’t have time for other things. You see that too. Let’s figure out a solution that works for you and works for me.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we talk in a way that minimizes pressure, it helps our kids develop autonomy. “It’s counterproductive to motivate kids through fear or guilt,” said Stixrud. “We may get kids to do stuff, but it doesn’t do anything for self-motivation.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Model Calm and Confidence\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When parents are constantly monitoring kids – from using apps to check their whereabouts to constant texting or checking online grades – they inadvertently convey the message that life is scary and too much for teens to handle on their own. In contrast, said Stixrud, one of most powerful messages we can give our kids is this: “I have confidence in your ability to make your own decisions.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When kids are faced with something that scares them, parents are tempted to offer continual assurances that they are okay. “Stop reassuring them all the time,” said Stixrud. Instead try saying something like, “I know this makes you really anxious, but I’m 100% confident you can handle it.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children need practice facing the things they are worried about. “Anxiety manifests as avoidance,” said Stixrud, As parents, it’s a delicate balance “help just enough but not too much” so that we don’t deprive kids of experiences they need to develop confidence. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Communicating with this kind of assured energy takes practice, said Johnson, but it’s worth it. We need to do the best we can to be a “non-anxious presence” in kids’ lives, he said. “When the people who are in charge aren’t overly reactive, systems just work better. Calm is contagious.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Listen for “Change Talk” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents often express frustration when kids seem stubbornly resistant to making the changes that we think will benefit them. But people, including adults, “are ambivalent about changing,” said Johnson. For example, “if kids are getting terrible grades, it’s not lost on them that there would be benefits to changing that behavior.” But they may be ambivalent because they know it will take tremendous effort to turn around their grades – and they may put all that work in and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">still\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> not be an “A student.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In their practices, Stixrud and Johnson ask a lot of open-ended questions and listen for what they call “change talk.” This might sound like kids expressing some dissatisfaction about their sleep or study habits or kids mentioning an activity, topic or club they want to investigate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The aim of these exploratory, non-pressured conversations is to “create space [for kids] to articulate the reasons for themselves why to go this way rather than that way,” said Johnson. As parents, “we are working ‘with’\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">them, not ‘on’ them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After all, said Stixrud, our goal isn’t to “change our kids,” but rather to “change the way we react to our kids.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a child goes through changes in adolescence, parents must also change how they communicate with their kids. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1631517930,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1277},"headData":{"title":"How Parents Can Have Conversations That Motivate Teens - MindShift","description":"As a child goes through changes in adolescence, parents must also change how they communicate with their kids. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Parents Can Have Conversations That Motivate Teens","datePublished":"2021-09-13T07:25:30.000Z","dateModified":"2021-09-13T07:25:30.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"58487 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=58487","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2021/09/13/how-parents-can-have-conversations-that-motivate-teens/","disqusTitle":"How Parents Can Have Conversations That Motivate Teens","path":"/mindshift/58487/how-parents-can-have-conversations-that-motivate-teens","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the release of his bestselling book “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Self-Driven-Child-Science-Giving-Control/dp/0735222525/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Self-Driven Child\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” clinical neuropsychologist William Stixrud got a request: make it even easier for parents to apply the research in the book. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So Stixrud and his co-author \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thenedjohnson.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ned Johnson \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wrote \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/What-You-Say-Motivation-Tolerance/dp/1984880365/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Do You Say? \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/What-You-Say-Motivation-Tolerance/dp/1984880365/\">How to Talk with Kids to Build Motivation, Stress Tolerance, and a Happy Home\u003c/a>.\" Their goal was to give parents more language they can use with kids.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They recently spoke about their new book at a parent education workshop hosted by \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parentventure.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parent Venture\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Johnson is the founder of PrepMatters and host of PrepTalksPod\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The relationship between parent and child is central to building children’s self-motivation and stress tolerance. And how parents respond to kids when they are emotionally distressed can strengthen or strain that relationship.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Seek First to Understand\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Johnson and Stixrud interviewed dozens of adolescents, asking them “Who do you feel closest to?” and “What is it about that person that helps you feel close?” The overwhelming sentiment was this: “The person I feel closest to is the one who listens to me and listens without judgment,” said Stixrud. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The purpose of communication is ultimately to connect.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But too often, when kids are in distress, parents want to use words to fix their feelings, said Johnson. “We use logical words and try to talk them out of their hard feelings,” he said. But logic doesn’t calm the stress response; “empathy and validation do.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When parents offer suggestions – even really sensible ones – most children often “bounce them away,” said Johnson. “We start giving all the things to try and they will reflexively give us all the reasons it won’t work.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, he said parents should seek first to understand, show an interest in their child's interests, ask non-leading questions and practice listening carefully and then reflecting back what you hear with phrases such as: “Let me see if I can get this straight . . . Do I have that right?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can pivot toward advice eventually, Johnson said, but if you want to be heard, you need to start with empathy. And if you do offer suggestions, avoid firm directives. Instead try phrases such as, “Can I make a suggestion?”; “I have an idea about that. Can I run it by you?”; or “For whatever it’s worth . . . ” Stay warm and tentative, framing advice as an offering rather than a command. “We are much less likely to get resistance if we do that,” said Johnson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Be a Manager, Not a Boss\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As teens prepare to become independent adults, parents need to reframe their perception of their role, said Stixrud. “Think of yourself more as a manager than as a boss. We want to offer our help, advice and wisdom, but not force it down kids’ throats. And we want kids, as much as possible, to make their own decisions. Our goal is for kids to run their own lives before we send them off to college.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stixrud recommends that parents take force off the table in their interactions with kids. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I start with no force,” he said, “and then I’m much more able to get cooperation and get kids to try things.” When you find yourself in a power struggle with your child, step back and use language that prioritizes the relationship, such as, “I love you too much to fight with you about your homework.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Power struggles activate the threat center of the brain, said Johnson, and so an overt “no-force” approach supports collaborative problem-solving. For example, if video games are a source of parent-child tension, start by showing genuine interest. “Learn the game or at least watch them play,” said Johnson. “Tell them ‘I see why you like this stuff.’” Once you have had a chance to validate their perspective, you can say something like, “I get that you love video games. I also know that when you play too much, you get irritable and don’t have time for other things. You see that too. Let’s figure out a solution that works for you and works for me.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we talk in a way that minimizes pressure, it helps our kids develop autonomy. “It’s counterproductive to motivate kids through fear or guilt,” said Stixrud. “We may get kids to do stuff, but it doesn’t do anything for self-motivation.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Model Calm and Confidence\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When parents are constantly monitoring kids – from using apps to check their whereabouts to constant texting or checking online grades – they inadvertently convey the message that life is scary and too much for teens to handle on their own. In contrast, said Stixrud, one of most powerful messages we can give our kids is this: “I have confidence in your ability to make your own decisions.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When kids are faced with something that scares them, parents are tempted to offer continual assurances that they are okay. “Stop reassuring them all the time,” said Stixrud. Instead try saying something like, “I know this makes you really anxious, but I’m 100% confident you can handle it.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children need practice facing the things they are worried about. “Anxiety manifests as avoidance,” said Stixrud, As parents, it’s a delicate balance “help just enough but not too much” so that we don’t deprive kids of experiences they need to develop confidence. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Communicating with this kind of assured energy takes practice, said Johnson, but it’s worth it. We need to do the best we can to be a “non-anxious presence” in kids’ lives, he said. “When the people who are in charge aren’t overly reactive, systems just work better. Calm is contagious.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Listen for “Change Talk” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents often express frustration when kids seem stubbornly resistant to making the changes that we think will benefit them. But people, including adults, “are ambivalent about changing,” said Johnson. For example, “if kids are getting terrible grades, it’s not lost on them that there would be benefits to changing that behavior.” But they may be ambivalent because they know it will take tremendous effort to turn around their grades – and they may put all that work in and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">still\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> not be an “A student.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In their practices, Stixrud and Johnson ask a lot of open-ended questions and listen for what they call “change talk.” This might sound like kids expressing some dissatisfaction about their sleep or study habits or kids mentioning an activity, topic or club they want to investigate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The aim of these exploratory, non-pressured conversations is to “create space [for kids] to articulate the reasons for themselves why to go this way rather than that way,” said Johnson. As parents, “we are working ‘with’\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">them, not ‘on’ them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After all, said Stixrud, our goal isn’t to “change our kids,” but rather to “change the way we react to our kids.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/58487/how-parents-can-have-conversations-that-motivate-teens","authors":["11087"],"categories":["mindshift_20827"],"tags":["mindshift_21093","mindshift_20985","mindshift_20568","mindshift_21417"],"featImg":"mindshift_58490","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_53426":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_53426","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"53426","score":null,"sort":[1558337219000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"four-research-based-strategies-to-ignite-intrinsic-motivation-in-students","title":"Four Research-Based Strategies To Ignite Intrinsic Motivation In Students","publishDate":1558337219,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Kathy Digsby has been teaching elementary school for a long time. She taught kindergarten for many years, then transferred to first grade. And even though she’s approaching sixty and planned to retire soon, part of her doesn’t want to leave the classroom. Recently she’s been mixing it up, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52424/why-choice-matters-to-student-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting choice\u003c/a> into as many areas of the classroom as she can to engage her young learners. And it’s exciting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think as teachers we feel like we have to be in control of everything in order for the kids to be okay and for them to learn,” Digsby said. A classic example is the “daily five” stations students rotate through during English Language Arts time. At one table, Digsby usually works on guided reading with a small group. Every 20 minutes, kids rotate between stations where they read to themselves, work on writing, do word work, or practice a skill on the computer. When the timer goes off students rotate, whether they’re done with the task or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was frustrating for me, I can’t imagine how they felt,” Digsby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she decided to inject some choice into the station-rotation. Instead of pulling text-leveled reading groups, which often caused havoc because all the lowest readers were together, she started using her reading station to focus on social studies comprehension. And she let students choose their starting station and trusted them to move onto the next station when they felt they’d finished. She also let them pick where in the room they would work and with whom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew that adding this element of choice meant more students might have questions or get stuck, so she first talked with her class about what it means to coach someone. They talked about not giving away the answer because then their friend wouldn’t learn, and about how important it is to work well together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw a huge difference in the level of engagement, the voice level in the room and just the whole atmosphere in the room when we went to that choice,” Digsby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a professional development session led by her district’s language arts curriculum director, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MrChase?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zac Chase\u003c/a>, that got Digsby thinking about how she could give students more choice in their work and thus \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/53256/how-to-develop-a-greater-sense-of-motivation-in-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">boost their motivation\u003c/a> for learning. Digsby moved to St. Vrain School District specifically because she felt the professional development there would push her to become a better teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase gave a similar presentation on motivation along with the Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.inquiryschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inquiry Schools\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dlaufenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diana Laufenberg\u003c/a>, at the \u003ca href=\"http://2019.educon.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EduCon Conference\u003c/a> hosted by \u003ca href=\"https://scienceleadership.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Leadership Academy\u003c/a> in Philadelphia. They presented intuitive research on \u003ca href=\"https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_GuayVallerandBlanchard_MO.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">situational motivation\u003c/a> that can be surprisingly hard to follow in real classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research shows students who believe their school work is interesting and important are cognitively engaged in trying to understand the material,” Laufenberg told the educators gathered. That also means they have intrinsic motivation, a quality many teachers complain students lack. So why aren’t all teachers ensuring every lesson plan engages students’ interests? Educators at EduCon were quick with their responses: it’s hard to tailor instruction to a diverse set of learners; it’s hard to convince learners of the long term benefits of their work when short term needs are more present; and of course, many teachers feel bound by curriculum, standards, and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase and Laufenberg think situated motivation theory could be an approachable way for teachers to find inroads into the kind of cognitive engagement that leads to academic motivation. In a nutshell, situations can be either motivational or not. This makes intuitive sense to anyone who has watched a student struggle in class, give up easily and lack confidence only to see them practice a sport diligently, take feedback from a coach, and remain positive after a loss. That student feels motivated by their sport, but not in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are four common elements to motivational situations: choice, challenge, collaboration, and control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CHOICE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On principle, choice is intuitive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/31615/how-to-help-students-develop-the-motivation-to-learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">People tend to be more interested in things they get to choose\u003c/a>. But choice can also be unwieldy with a large group of students. Still, it’s often the easiest place to dip a toe in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school English teacher Tiffany Greenberg was frustrated that whenever she assigned her students reading for homework they’d come in the next day unprepared to discuss. That forced her to shift much of the reading into the classroom, but even then students dragged their feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my biggest struggles was getting them to read in class,” Greenberg said. So, during a memoir unit she decided to try giving them choice over what they read. She chose shorter pieces as mentor texts and let them read their chosen books during silent reading time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I loved about it was some of my kids read a book for the first time,” she said. She also let them choose how to present what they’d read, rather than forcing them to write an essay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zac [Chase] encouraged me as a teacher to do less work and make the students do more work and as a product of that they would learn more,” Greenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the year, she surveyed her students and almost everyone enjoyed having that choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With student choice still comes expectation and guidance,” Greenberg said. “There will still be checks and balances within class.” For example, she’s experimenting with asking students to do initial research on a new topic and only lecturing to fill in details she thinks they’ve missed in their research. There’s an element of choice there, but she’s also leveraging student autonomy, while showing them she trusts them. She also uses this as an opportunity to teach what makes a valid source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like they just grasp the concepts so much more,” she said. “And my students are vocal about being tired sitting here listening to a teacher speak all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often teachers fear choice because they don’t trust students will choose wisely. Or they worry that it will lead to an out-of-control classroom. And while those fears may be valid, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52421/what-giving-students-choice-looks-like-in-the-classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trying it comes with an upside too\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more proscribed I come as far as choice, the less I know what a kid would do with choice, and the less I know about their actual ability level,” Chase said. And, if every kid makes the same thing, the kid who struggles will stick out to everyone in the class. But if every kid can choose to demonstrate their knowledge in different ways, it’s not only more engaging for them, but the differences aren’t so obvious. The teacher still knows how much thinking is on display, but classmates may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CHALLENGE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always try to take out the challenge,\" Laufenberg said. \"But when we do that we’re removing a major factor of what makes something interesting.\" It can be hard to judge when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/34690/whats-the-sweet-spot-of-difficulty-for-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the challenge is just right\u003c/a>, but Chase and Laufenberg advise teachers to assume kids are more competent than we think. It won’t help to let a child struggle too much, but entertain the idea that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/40232/the-key-to-boosting-english-learners-language-skills-challenging-content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they can handle more challenge than you might think\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if you want that as a school leader, treat your teachers that way,” Chase said. “Assume competence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way teachers can remind themselves of students’ capabilities is to visit the grade above the one they teach. Chances are some of the students will be familiar and seeing the growth they’ve made in one year can be inspiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase acknowledges that often teachers’ tendency to scaffold too much comes from a caring place, but whenever he hears a teacher say that a student “can’t do that,” he replies, “that’s why we’re here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>COLLABORATION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years there’s be a lot of discussion of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/28201/how-to-foster-collaboration-and-team-spirit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">collaboration as a skill kids will need\u003c/a> for the future workforce. And while that may be true, collaboration is also motivating. Kids are social beings and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/46021/how-listening-and-sharing-help-shape-collaborative-learning-experiences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">learn a lot about the world and academics from talking to one another\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Digsby, the first grade teacher in St. Vrain School District, has been trying to work collaborative structures into more of her teaching. She often starts by asking students to discuss in pairs and then has two pairs team up and work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one assignment, Digsby asked the groups to design a good or service to help teachers gain back their lunch hour. “To hear that discussion and that collaboration amongst them, even though they’re six or seven-years-old, about how they’re going to get it to stand and what the structure was going to look like, was so beneficial for them as well as for myself,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also noticed how smaller moments of collaboration can lift up students. In her classroom, a gifted boy is close friends with another boy who struggles to access a lot of the content. But his friend often chatters about things he’s learning, helping to seed prior knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past when students worked together, Digsby was concerned about one telling the other the answers. “I just had that mindset,” she said. “But then I was like, 'wait a minute, if I teach them to coach each other they can learn so much more from their friends along with myself'.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase and Laufenberg offered some other simple ways to work collaboration into the classroom. Teachers could require that two classmates sign off on any assignment before it can be turned into the teacher, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had two other students in your classroom activate their skills, in this case as readers and writers, to sign off on the thing before you looked at it, and then said both of you are wrong, go help this person fix it,” Chase said. That would hold friends accountable for their peers’ work. “That is what interdependence is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another idea, require students to quote one another in their reflections after turning in an assignment. That promotes autonomy, interest, and gives students control over who they collaborate with and how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CONTROL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way middle school math and science teacher Keith Kennison empowers his students to take control over their learning is by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/51186/how-helping-students-to-ask-better-questions-can-transform-classrooms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teaching them to question\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If students are the ones generating questions that’s huge,” Kennison said. “If they’re exploring something I can help guide them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds that choice, challenge, collaboration and control are woven closely together in his classroom. He spends time at the beginning of the year talking about how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/44109/could-this-digital-math-tool-change-instruction-for-the-better\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">math is a social endeavor\u003c/a> and that “anything that’s worthwhile that we’re exploring is going to be challenging. And when you’re exploring those ideas you should expect roadblocks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students don’t always believe him at first, but he helps them discover themselves as learners using thinking maps. They discuss how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/47385/how-playing-with-math-helps-teachers-better-empathize-with-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mathematicians make connections\u003c/a> to things they already know, plan how they’ll attack a new concept, and evaluate their own work. Kennison asks his students to design their own thinking maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spend a lot of time helping kids think about what sort of thinking goes into tackling anything worthwhile,” he said. It’s a slow and gradual process, but over the course of the year he weans them off asking him to help the minute they reach a roadblock, and they learn to lean on their peers to help figure out what they don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an uncomfortable class,” Kennison said “No one wants to wrestle with not knowing. But my job is to give them just the right amount of uncomfortableness.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Four elements help students develop intrinsic motivation for learning: choice, challenge, autonomy and collaboration.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1558337219,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":2068},"headData":{"title":"Four Research-Based Strategies To Ignite Intrinsic Motivation In Students | KQED","description":"Four elements help students develop intrinsic motivation for learning: choice, challenge, autonomy and collaboration.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Four Research-Based Strategies To Ignite Intrinsic Motivation In Students","datePublished":"2019-05-20T07:26:59.000Z","dateModified":"2019-05-20T07:26:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"53426 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=53426","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2019/05/20/four-research-based-strategies-to-ignite-intrinsic-motivation-in-students/","disqusTitle":"Four Research-Based Strategies To Ignite Intrinsic Motivation In Students","path":"/mindshift/53426/four-research-based-strategies-to-ignite-intrinsic-motivation-in-students","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kathy Digsby has been teaching elementary school for a long time. She taught kindergarten for many years, then transferred to first grade. And even though she’s approaching sixty and planned to retire soon, part of her doesn’t want to leave the classroom. Recently she’s been mixing it up, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52424/why-choice-matters-to-student-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting choice\u003c/a> into as many areas of the classroom as she can to engage her young learners. And it’s exciting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think as teachers we feel like we have to be in control of everything in order for the kids to be okay and for them to learn,” Digsby said. A classic example is the “daily five” stations students rotate through during English Language Arts time. At one table, Digsby usually works on guided reading with a small group. Every 20 minutes, kids rotate between stations where they read to themselves, work on writing, do word work, or practice a skill on the computer. When the timer goes off students rotate, whether they’re done with the task or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was frustrating for me, I can’t imagine how they felt,” Digsby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she decided to inject some choice into the station-rotation. Instead of pulling text-leveled reading groups, which often caused havoc because all the lowest readers were together, she started using her reading station to focus on social studies comprehension. And she let students choose their starting station and trusted them to move onto the next station when they felt they’d finished. She also let them pick where in the room they would work and with whom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew that adding this element of choice meant more students might have questions or get stuck, so she first talked with her class about what it means to coach someone. They talked about not giving away the answer because then their friend wouldn’t learn, and about how important it is to work well together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw a huge difference in the level of engagement, the voice level in the room and just the whole atmosphere in the room when we went to that choice,” Digsby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a professional development session led by her district’s language arts curriculum director, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MrChase?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zac Chase\u003c/a>, that got Digsby thinking about how she could give students more choice in their work and thus \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/53256/how-to-develop-a-greater-sense-of-motivation-in-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">boost their motivation\u003c/a> for learning. Digsby moved to St. Vrain School District specifically because she felt the professional development there would push her to become a better teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase gave a similar presentation on motivation along with the Executive Director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.inquiryschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inquiry Schools\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dlaufenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diana Laufenberg\u003c/a>, at the \u003ca href=\"http://2019.educon.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EduCon Conference\u003c/a> hosted by \u003ca href=\"https://scienceleadership.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Leadership Academy\u003c/a> in Philadelphia. They presented intuitive research on \u003ca href=\"https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_GuayVallerandBlanchard_MO.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">situational motivation\u003c/a> that can be surprisingly hard to follow in real classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research shows students who believe their school work is interesting and important are cognitively engaged in trying to understand the material,” Laufenberg told the educators gathered. That also means they have intrinsic motivation, a quality many teachers complain students lack. So why aren’t all teachers ensuring every lesson plan engages students’ interests? Educators at EduCon were quick with their responses: it’s hard to tailor instruction to a diverse set of learners; it’s hard to convince learners of the long term benefits of their work when short term needs are more present; and of course, many teachers feel bound by curriculum, standards, and testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase and Laufenberg think situated motivation theory could be an approachable way for teachers to find inroads into the kind of cognitive engagement that leads to academic motivation. In a nutshell, situations can be either motivational or not. This makes intuitive sense to anyone who has watched a student struggle in class, give up easily and lack confidence only to see them practice a sport diligently, take feedback from a coach, and remain positive after a loss. That student feels motivated by their sport, but not in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are four common elements to motivational situations: choice, challenge, collaboration, and control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CHOICE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On principle, choice is intuitive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/31615/how-to-help-students-develop-the-motivation-to-learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">People tend to be more interested in things they get to choose\u003c/a>. But choice can also be unwieldy with a large group of students. Still, it’s often the easiest place to dip a toe in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school English teacher Tiffany Greenberg was frustrated that whenever she assigned her students reading for homework they’d come in the next day unprepared to discuss. That forced her to shift much of the reading into the classroom, but even then students dragged their feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my biggest struggles was getting them to read in class,” Greenberg said. So, during a memoir unit she decided to try giving them choice over what they read. She chose shorter pieces as mentor texts and let them read their chosen books during silent reading time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I loved about it was some of my kids read a book for the first time,” she said. She also let them choose how to present what they’d read, rather than forcing them to write an essay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zac [Chase] encouraged me as a teacher to do less work and make the students do more work and as a product of that they would learn more,” Greenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the year, she surveyed her students and almost everyone enjoyed having that choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With student choice still comes expectation and guidance,” Greenberg said. “There will still be checks and balances within class.” For example, she’s experimenting with asking students to do initial research on a new topic and only lecturing to fill in details she thinks they’ve missed in their research. There’s an element of choice there, but she’s also leveraging student autonomy, while showing them she trusts them. She also uses this as an opportunity to teach what makes a valid source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like they just grasp the concepts so much more,” she said. “And my students are vocal about being tired sitting here listening to a teacher speak all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often teachers fear choice because they don’t trust students will choose wisely. Or they worry that it will lead to an out-of-control classroom. And while those fears may be valid, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52421/what-giving-students-choice-looks-like-in-the-classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trying it comes with an upside too\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more proscribed I come as far as choice, the less I know what a kid would do with choice, and the less I know about their actual ability level,” Chase said. And, if every kid makes the same thing, the kid who struggles will stick out to everyone in the class. But if every kid can choose to demonstrate their knowledge in different ways, it’s not only more engaging for them, but the differences aren’t so obvious. The teacher still knows how much thinking is on display, but classmates may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CHALLENGE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We always try to take out the challenge,\" Laufenberg said. \"But when we do that we’re removing a major factor of what makes something interesting.\" It can be hard to judge when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/34690/whats-the-sweet-spot-of-difficulty-for-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the challenge is just right\u003c/a>, but Chase and Laufenberg advise teachers to assume kids are more competent than we think. It won’t help to let a child struggle too much, but entertain the idea that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/40232/the-key-to-boosting-english-learners-language-skills-challenging-content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">they can handle more challenge than you might think\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if you want that as a school leader, treat your teachers that way,” Chase said. “Assume competence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way teachers can remind themselves of students’ capabilities is to visit the grade above the one they teach. Chances are some of the students will be familiar and seeing the growth they’ve made in one year can be inspiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase acknowledges that often teachers’ tendency to scaffold too much comes from a caring place, but whenever he hears a teacher say that a student “can’t do that,” he replies, “that’s why we’re here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>COLLABORATION\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years there’s be a lot of discussion of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/28201/how-to-foster-collaboration-and-team-spirit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">collaboration as a skill kids will need\u003c/a> for the future workforce. And while that may be true, collaboration is also motivating. Kids are social beings and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/46021/how-listening-and-sharing-help-shape-collaborative-learning-experiences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">learn a lot about the world and academics from talking to one another\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Digsby, the first grade teacher in St. Vrain School District, has been trying to work collaborative structures into more of her teaching. She often starts by asking students to discuss in pairs and then has two pairs team up and work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one assignment, Digsby asked the groups to design a good or service to help teachers gain back their lunch hour. “To hear that discussion and that collaboration amongst them, even though they’re six or seven-years-old, about how they’re going to get it to stand and what the structure was going to look like, was so beneficial for them as well as for myself,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also noticed how smaller moments of collaboration can lift up students. In her classroom, a gifted boy is close friends with another boy who struggles to access a lot of the content. But his friend often chatters about things he’s learning, helping to seed prior knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past when students worked together, Digsby was concerned about one telling the other the answers. “I just had that mindset,” she said. “But then I was like, 'wait a minute, if I teach them to coach each other they can learn so much more from their friends along with myself'.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chase and Laufenberg offered some other simple ways to work collaboration into the classroom. Teachers could require that two classmates sign off on any assignment before it can be turned into the teacher, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had two other students in your classroom activate their skills, in this case as readers and writers, to sign off on the thing before you looked at it, and then said both of you are wrong, go help this person fix it,” Chase said. That would hold friends accountable for their peers’ work. “That is what interdependence is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another idea, require students to quote one another in their reflections after turning in an assignment. That promotes autonomy, interest, and gives students control over who they collaborate with and how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CONTROL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way middle school math and science teacher Keith Kennison empowers his students to take control over their learning is by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/51186/how-helping-students-to-ask-better-questions-can-transform-classrooms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">teaching them to question\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If students are the ones generating questions that’s huge,” Kennison said. “If they’re exploring something I can help guide them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds that choice, challenge, collaboration and control are woven closely together in his classroom. He spends time at the beginning of the year talking about how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/44109/could-this-digital-math-tool-change-instruction-for-the-better\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">math is a social endeavor\u003c/a> and that “anything that’s worthwhile that we’re exploring is going to be challenging. And when you’re exploring those ideas you should expect roadblocks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students don’t always believe him at first, but he helps them discover themselves as learners using thinking maps. They discuss how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/47385/how-playing-with-math-helps-teachers-better-empathize-with-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mathematicians make connections\u003c/a> to things they already know, plan how they’ll attack a new concept, and evaluate their own work. Kennison asks his students to design their own thinking maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spend a lot of time helping kids think about what sort of thinking goes into tackling anything worthwhile,” he said. It’s a slow and gradual process, but over the course of the year he weans them off asking him to help the minute they reach a roadblock, and they learn to lean on their peers to help figure out what they don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an uncomfortable class,” Kennison said “No one wants to wrestle with not knowing. But my job is to give them just the right amount of uncomfortableness.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/53426/four-research-based-strategies-to-ignite-intrinsic-motivation-in-students","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_20892","mindshift_21260","mindshift_1028","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20985","mindshift_21266"],"featImg":"mindshift_53677","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_51787":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_51787","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"51787","score":null,"sort":[1539066703000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"leveraging-the-lore-of-dungeons-and-dragons-to-motivate-students-to-read-and-write","title":"Leveraging the Lore of 'Dungeons & Dragons' to Motivate Students to Read and Write ","publishDate":1539066703,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Some parents and teachers despair as they witness the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/books-smell-like-old-people-the-decline-of-teen-reading\">erosion of sustained reading\u003c/a>, particularly fiction, with today’s screen-obsessed youth. Whether this genuinely heralds an intellectual Armageddon, or merely marks \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137429704_12\">a benign transition into a new phase\u003c/a> of the life of the mind, remains to be seen. Whatever the future holds, those who wage a pitched battle under the standard of literacy may find a valuable ally in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26328105\">old nemesis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> is a gateway drug to reading,” said York University professor Ian Slater, who runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.blackdragongames.ca/\">\u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.blackdragongames.ca/\"> campaigns for schools and events\u003c/a>. “Children who do not read regularly or read for pleasure will start reading the gaming books almost as soon as they sit down, and they carry that outside of the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldbuilding is no small task, and there are literally thousands of physical and online pages dedicated to the nuances and minutia of bringing the encyclopedic \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons \u003c/em>universe to life. Once kids are bitten by the bug, they spend hours pouring over the reference guides, web pages and forums, and some even turn to fantasy novels. They often don’t realize that an unintended consequence of their game play is that they become better readers and writers. This, however, has not been lost on many parents and educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52303\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-52303 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-520x293.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Game pieces \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sarah Roman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Magic of Motivation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most impactful thing about using \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> as a literacy tool is that the information has to be synthesized, meaning they have to glean out of the reading what is necessary to make a character act in the imaginary world,\" said Texas teacher Kade Wells, who uses \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> with his students. \"Kids read the information intrinsically because the success (and power) of their character is directly linked to what they can find in a book. No child wants an ineffective character.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students who play are intrinsically motivated to exercise a host of complex and interwoven literacy skills, which they may be more reluctant to practice without the incentive of the game. Alexandra Carter, who incorporated a modified version of \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> with a primary class, reported her students were similarly incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students willingly used and further developed their reading and writing skills while creating stories, narratives and presentations for the project,” wrote Carter in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290614869_Using_Dungeons_and_Dragons_to_Integrate_Curricula_in_an_Elementary_Classroom\">paper\u003c/a> describing her use of \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> in a Grade 3 classroom. “The students struggling in these areas academically enthusiastically poured through books and took careful notes. They felt invested in what they were doing and were excited about the goal-oriented work they were producing. One student reflected on his progress in reading and said that he ‘felt like he was actually reading for something,’ rather than ‘having to read.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these cases, kids are inspired to read to better participate and perform in the game, but New Jersey educator Sarah Roman used the game as a lure to immerse her students in the classics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-52305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-1020x1530.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-520x780.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Roman teaching students how to play. \u003ccite>(New Jersey Education Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A high school English teacher, Roman adapted \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> for her senior Honors and AP literature classes to actively engage her students with the course readings. She designed a yearlong campaign that featured characters, setting and events from classics like \u003cem>Beowulf\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Macbeth\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw a big jump in the willingness to read,” said Roman. “They knew that I had crafted my campaigns around the details in the texts, so if they were to be successful, they would have to actively know that material and be able to synthesize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ingenious ploy characteristic of an experienced \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> player, Roman set up her class so that the game and the books on the reading list mutually informed each other. Students were motivated to read \u003cem>The Canterbury Tales\u003c/em> because it improved their performance in the game, and success in the game reinforced a greater understanding of Chaucer’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her unorthodox approach led to a marked improvement in more traditional modes of assessment. “I fundamentally saw a positive change in how the students are learning the works through their analytical essays and more practical assignments,” wrote Roman in \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@dndlearning/d-d-in-the-classroom-making-old-worlds-new-3a9ee4241d7d\">her blog\u003c/a>. Roman’s integration of \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> in her class is not only creative and engaging for her students, but it meets mandated \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@dndlearning/d-d-and-education-the-rumblings-of-research-with-character-creation-487dc6f76ff\">curricular standards\u003c/a>, which illustrates that a resourceful educator can break with traditional methods of delivering course material to teach in a more engaging manner and still fulfill the curricular mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52299\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-52299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Building a world (Courtesy of Sarah Roman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Apprentice in Worldbuilding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Best-selling authors like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/01/growing-up-in-the-caves-of-chaos/267107/\">Ta-Nehisi Coates\u003c/a> and Cory Doctorow, comedian \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/DnD/comments/4zn6hi/anderson_cooper_and_stephen_colbert_nerd_out/\">Stephen Colbert\u003c/a> and \u003cem>Game of Thrones\u003c/em> mastermind George R. R. Martin all played \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em>. It’s not surprising that burgeoning writers would be drawn to a storytelling game, and it presumably contributed to the development of their craft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sci-fi writer and professor Trent Hergenrader also credits his youthful fascination with tabletop role-playing games as a wellspring for his creative output. Today, Hergenrader also teaches English and creative writing at the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he uses role-playing games (RPGs) like \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> as the primary tool to instruct his students on how to write fiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8Pis2bqcIY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I began using tabletop RPGs to steer students away from writing stories that had some cliched deep meaning and instead get them thinking about getting into a character’s head. The idea was that spending time on character creation exercises would help them develop well-rounded characters, and that plot would emerge from the decisions their characters make during their RPG sessions,” said Hergenrader. ”The \u003cem>Player’s Handbook\u003c/em> walks players through developing their characters’ family histories, personality traits, and even phobias and personal shortcomings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Players are essentially co-authors who regulate each other for plausibility, and their ongoing interactions contribute to deep and nuanced character development. As the narrative ringleader, the Dungeon Master is responsible for spinning a rich and engaging story that, when done well, has all the twists and turns of a page-turning novel. The game fuses literacy and orality in a unique interactive storytelling exercise, which may better develop creative writing skills than simply reading or writing in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52307\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-52307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roman's students learning how to play. \u003ccite>(New Jersey Education Assocation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Playing D&D is a completely different experience of story than reading and analyzing a novel, short story or play,\" said Brian Foglia, who infuses \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> in the curriculum at the South Jersey Sudbury School, which he founded. \"It gives the students a better sense of character agency, as well as a felt sense for plot. It also opens a whole world of imagination for them, one that doesn’t ask them to be passive recipients of words on a page or pictures on a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fiction is a transportation to another time and place, and Hergenrader uses the worldbuilding aspect of RPGs by having his students work together to flesh out the details of their setting, whether historical, contemporary or fantastical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The act of creating a world with others really highlighted the way writers attempt to represent people, places and things in their fiction, which in turn reveals these writers’ assumptions about how our shared reality works,\" said Hergenrader. \"The act of worldbuilding then becomes a stage for debating the role of government, economic systems, issues of equality along the lines of race, class, gender, and more. The RPG rule system we use helps give the world structure and consistency, but the writers have near-complete freedom when it comes to developing the world further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kade Wells also used RPG conventions to structure a collaborative creative writing assignment with his Grade 9 English students. Wells acted as DM and led his students in the creation of “Radioactive,” an elaborate story set in a nuclear holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to generate all kinds of things in the world: politics, survivor groups, locations, sicknesses, even monsters,” said Wells. “This creation forced a great deal of cross-curricular research for them, which they did gladly and naturally, looking things up to fill in the gaps in their knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Hergenrader with his college students, Wells used RPG character creation techniques to encourage his students to develop rich and nuanced personas to populate the fallen world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even the lowest writers wrote vigorously on their character stories in the “Radioactive” world. I watched as struggling writers fought through their lack of mechanical know-how, to get to the expression of their ideas in writing. In short, they were proud of their ideas, therefore willing to write them down, no matter how hard,” said Wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By leveraging the playful and dynamic features of an RPG, educators empower reluctant readers and writers to participate in the art of storytelling. This not only imbues them with the skills for analysis and invention, but also equips them with the technical and imaginative resources to write and rewrite the stories of their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By leveraging the playful and dynamic features of role-playing games like \"Dungeons & Dragons,\" educators empower reluctant students to participate in the art of storytelling, tapping into their motivation to read and write. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1539869725,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1562},"headData":{"title":"Leveraging the Lore of 'Dungeons & Dragons' to Motivate Students to Read and Write | KQED","description":"By leveraging the playful and dynamic features of role-playing games like "Dungeons & Dragons," educators empower reluctant students to participate in the art of storytelling, tapping into their motivation to read and write. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Leveraging the Lore of 'Dungeons & Dragons' to Motivate Students to Read and Write ","datePublished":"2018-10-09T06:31:43.000Z","dateModified":"2018-10-18T13:35:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"51787 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=51787","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/10/08/leveraging-the-lore-of-dungeons-and-dragons-to-motivate-students-to-read-and-write/","disqusTitle":"Leveraging the Lore of 'Dungeons & Dragons' to Motivate Students to Read and Write ","path":"/mindshift/51787/leveraging-the-lore-of-dungeons-and-dragons-to-motivate-students-to-read-and-write","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some parents and teachers despair as they witness the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/books-smell-like-old-people-the-decline-of-teen-reading\">erosion of sustained reading\u003c/a>, particularly fiction, with today’s screen-obsessed youth. Whether this genuinely heralds an intellectual Armageddon, or merely marks \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137429704_12\">a benign transition into a new phase\u003c/a> of the life of the mind, remains to be seen. Whatever the future holds, those who wage a pitched battle under the standard of literacy may find a valuable ally in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26328105\">old nemesis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> is a gateway drug to reading,” said York University professor Ian Slater, who runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.blackdragongames.ca/\">\u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.blackdragongames.ca/\"> campaigns for schools and events\u003c/a>. “Children who do not read regularly or read for pleasure will start reading the gaming books almost as soon as they sit down, and they carry that outside of the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldbuilding is no small task, and there are literally thousands of physical and online pages dedicated to the nuances and minutia of bringing the encyclopedic \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons \u003c/em>universe to life. Once kids are bitten by the bug, they spend hours pouring over the reference guides, web pages and forums, and some even turn to fantasy novels. They often don’t realize that an unintended consequence of their game play is that they become better readers and writers. This, however, has not been lost on many parents and educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52303\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-52303 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86-520x293.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/c6be3928-7ff7-4e67-bd06-69f62f866a86.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Game pieces \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sarah Roman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Magic of Motivation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most impactful thing about using \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> as a literacy tool is that the information has to be synthesized, meaning they have to glean out of the reading what is necessary to make a character act in the imaginary world,\" said Texas teacher Kade Wells, who uses \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> with his students. \"Kids read the information intrinsically because the success (and power) of their character is directly linked to what they can find in a book. No child wants an ineffective character.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students who play are intrinsically motivated to exercise a host of complex and interwoven literacy skills, which they may be more reluctant to practice without the incentive of the game. Alexandra Carter, who incorporated a modified version of \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> with a primary class, reported her students were similarly incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students willingly used and further developed their reading and writing skills while creating stories, narratives and presentations for the project,” wrote Carter in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290614869_Using_Dungeons_and_Dragons_to_Integrate_Curricula_in_an_Elementary_Classroom\">paper\u003c/a> describing her use of \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> in a Grade 3 classroom. “The students struggling in these areas academically enthusiastically poured through books and took careful notes. They felt invested in what they were doing and were excited about the goal-oriented work they were producing. One student reflected on his progress in reading and said that he ‘felt like he was actually reading for something,’ rather than ‘having to read.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these cases, kids are inspired to read to better participate and perform in the game, but New Jersey educator Sarah Roman used the game as a lure to immerse her students in the classics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-52305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-1020x1530.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k-520x780.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/39198010181_c92257f585_k.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sarah Roman teaching students how to play. \u003ccite>(New Jersey Education Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A high school English teacher, Roman adapted \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> for her senior Honors and AP literature classes to actively engage her students with the course readings. She designed a yearlong campaign that featured characters, setting and events from classics like \u003cem>Beowulf\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Macbeth\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw a big jump in the willingness to read,” said Roman. “They knew that I had crafted my campaigns around the details in the texts, so if they were to be successful, they would have to actively know that material and be able to synthesize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ingenious ploy characteristic of an experienced \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> player, Roman set up her class so that the game and the books on the reading list mutually informed each other. Students were motivated to read \u003cem>The Canterbury Tales\u003c/em> because it improved their performance in the game, and success in the game reinforced a greater understanding of Chaucer’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her unorthodox approach led to a marked improvement in more traditional modes of assessment. “I fundamentally saw a positive change in how the students are learning the works through their analytical essays and more practical assignments,” wrote Roman in \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@dndlearning/d-d-in-the-classroom-making-old-worlds-new-3a9ee4241d7d\">her blog\u003c/a>. Roman’s integration of \u003cem>D&D\u003c/em> in her class is not only creative and engaging for her students, but it meets mandated \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@dndlearning/d-d-and-education-the-rumblings-of-research-with-character-creation-487dc6f76ff\">curricular standards\u003c/a>, which illustrates that a resourceful educator can break with traditional methods of delivering course material to teach in a more engaging manner and still fulfill the curricular mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52299\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-52299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/IMG-2045-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Building a world (Courtesy of Sarah Roman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Apprentice in Worldbuilding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Best-selling authors like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/01/growing-up-in-the-caves-of-chaos/267107/\">Ta-Nehisi Coates\u003c/a> and Cory Doctorow, comedian \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/DnD/comments/4zn6hi/anderson_cooper_and_stephen_colbert_nerd_out/\">Stephen Colbert\u003c/a> and \u003cem>Game of Thrones\u003c/em> mastermind George R. R. Martin all played \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em>. It’s not surprising that burgeoning writers would be drawn to a storytelling game, and it presumably contributed to the development of their craft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sci-fi writer and professor Trent Hergenrader also credits his youthful fascination with tabletop role-playing games as a wellspring for his creative output. Today, Hergenrader also teaches English and creative writing at the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he uses role-playing games (RPGs) like \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> as the primary tool to instruct his students on how to write fiction.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/M8Pis2bqcIY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/M8Pis2bqcIY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“I began using tabletop RPGs to steer students away from writing stories that had some cliched deep meaning and instead get them thinking about getting into a character’s head. The idea was that spending time on character creation exercises would help them develop well-rounded characters, and that plot would emerge from the decisions their characters make during their RPG sessions,” said Hergenrader. ”The \u003cem>Player’s Handbook\u003c/em> walks players through developing their characters’ family histories, personality traits, and even phobias and personal shortcomings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Players are essentially co-authors who regulate each other for plausibility, and their ongoing interactions contribute to deep and nuanced character development. As the narrative ringleader, the Dungeon Master is responsible for spinning a rich and engaging story that, when done well, has all the twists and turns of a page-turning novel. The game fuses literacy and orality in a unique interactive storytelling exercise, which may better develop creative writing skills than simply reading or writing in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52307\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-52307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/10/27421928999_97c44880f8_k-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roman's students learning how to play. \u003ccite>(New Jersey Education Assocation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Playing D&D is a completely different experience of story than reading and analyzing a novel, short story or play,\" said Brian Foglia, who infuses \u003cem>Dungeons & Dragons\u003c/em> in the curriculum at the South Jersey Sudbury School, which he founded. \"It gives the students a better sense of character agency, as well as a felt sense for plot. It also opens a whole world of imagination for them, one that doesn’t ask them to be passive recipients of words on a page or pictures on a screen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fiction is a transportation to another time and place, and Hergenrader uses the worldbuilding aspect of RPGs by having his students work together to flesh out the details of their setting, whether historical, contemporary or fantastical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The act of creating a world with others really highlighted the way writers attempt to represent people, places and things in their fiction, which in turn reveals these writers’ assumptions about how our shared reality works,\" said Hergenrader. \"The act of worldbuilding then becomes a stage for debating the role of government, economic systems, issues of equality along the lines of race, class, gender, and more. The RPG rule system we use helps give the world structure and consistency, but the writers have near-complete freedom when it comes to developing the world further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kade Wells also used RPG conventions to structure a collaborative creative writing assignment with his Grade 9 English students. Wells acted as DM and led his students in the creation of “Radioactive,” an elaborate story set in a nuclear holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to generate all kinds of things in the world: politics, survivor groups, locations, sicknesses, even monsters,” said Wells. “This creation forced a great deal of cross-curricular research for them, which they did gladly and naturally, looking things up to fill in the gaps in their knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Hergenrader with his college students, Wells used RPG character creation techniques to encourage his students to develop rich and nuanced personas to populate the fallen world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even the lowest writers wrote vigorously on their character stories in the “Radioactive” world. I watched as struggling writers fought through their lack of mechanical know-how, to get to the expression of their ideas in writing. In short, they were proud of their ideas, therefore willing to write them down, no matter how hard,” said Wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By leveraging the playful and dynamic features of an RPG, educators empower reluctant readers and writers to participate in the art of storytelling. This not only imbues them with the skills for analysis and invention, but also equips them with the technical and imaginative resources to write and rewrite the stories of their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/51787/leveraging-the-lore-of-dungeons-and-dragons-to-motivate-students-to-read-and-write","authors":["11107"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21211","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20985","mindshift_550","mindshift_20774","mindshift_20931","mindshift_851"],"featImg":"mindshift_52306","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_51693":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_51693","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"51693","score":null,"sort":[1531976083000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-stepping-back-can-empower-kids-in-an-anxious-world","title":"Why Stepping Back Can Empower Kids In An Anxious World","publishDate":1531976083,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Rates of anxiety and depression among teens in the U.S. have been rising for years. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2946114/\">one study\u003c/a>, nearly one in three adolescents (ages 13-18) now meets the criteria for an anxiety disorder, and in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/06/16/620278545/what-teens-really-say-about-sex-drugs-and-sadness\">latest results\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 32 percent of teens reported persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's more bad news, grown-ups: The authors of two new parenting books believe you're part of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kids are play-deprived nowadays,\" says Katherine Reynolds Lewis, a journalist, parent, parent-educator and the author of one of those two new books, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/06/02/611082566/why-children-arent-behaving-and-what-you-can-do-about-it\">\u003cem>The Good News About Bad Behavior\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. And by \"play\" she means play without screens or adults keeping watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two or three decades ago, children were roaming neighborhoods in mixed-age groups, playing pretty unsupervised,\" Lewis says. And this kind of parent-free play helped them develop important skills they'd use for the rest of their lives. \"They were able to resolve disputes. They planned their time. They managed their games. They had a lot of autonomy, which also feeds self-esteem and mental health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, though, free play is on the decline, Lewis says, and so are the social and emotional skills that come with it. Part of the problem, according to Lewis, is parents who worry that unsupervised play is just too risky. But the risk is part of the point — for kids \"to have falls and scrapes and tumbles and discover that they're okay. They can survive being hurt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many families, Lewis says, play has also been crowded out by parents' increased focus on schoolwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Stixrud is not one of those parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my kids were in elementary school, I said, 'You know, I'm happy to look at your report card, but I don't care that much. I care much more that you work hard to develop yourself,'\" says Stixrud, a neuropsychologist and co-author of the other new parenting book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/02/14/584275859/the-key-to-raising-a-happy-child\">\u003cem>The Self-Driven Child\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says academics are important, but that, in most cases, kids should be in the driver's seat, learning to manage their work, their time and, ideally, being able to pursue their own interests. That freedom, Stixrud says, helps them develop internal motivation in a way that rewards and grades just can't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stixrud's daughter, Jora LaFontaine, who now has a Ph.D. in economics, says she still remembers first grade, when she brought a paper home from school. Her parents were supposed to sign it every day, proving she'd read for fifteen minutes. The first day, though, Jora says her father looked at it, laughed, \"signed every single line on it and said that he did not want to turn reading into homework or a chore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was an A student in high school, Jora attended a talk her dad gave about why parents shouldn't focus on grades. William Stixrud remembers his daughter pushing back that night in the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Driving home she said, 'You know, I liked the lecture, but I don't really believe that you believe that stuff about the grades,\" Stixrud remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people I tell this to laugh,\" Jora says, laughing herself. \"So, I said to my dad, 'If you don't get [good] grades, you're not gonna get into college. Or at least you won't get into a good college.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... and if you don't get into a good college, you won't get a good job ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So my dad said, 'I will give you a hundred dollars if you're willing to get a C in one of your classes,'\" Jora says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hundred dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stixrud says, his daughter already took school seriously, and he wanted her to understand that \"one thing that seems like a disaster is just not that big a deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jora didn't take her father up on his offer, but she says it meant a lot, knowing that the only person really pushing her to succeed ... was her. In that way, she embodies the spirit of both books' message to parents:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lewis writes, \"to build self-control, we need to stop controlling children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Empowering+Kids+In+An+Anxious+World&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Teen depression and anxiety rates have been rising for years, and two new books offer advice to parents and caregivers.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1531976139,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":722},"headData":{"title":"Why Stepping Back Can Empower Kids In An Anxious World | KQED","description":"Teen depression and anxiety rates have been rising for years, and two new books offer advice to parents and caregivers.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Stepping Back Can Empower Kids In An Anxious World","datePublished":"2018-07-19T04:54:43.000Z","dateModified":"2018-07-19T04:55:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"51693 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=51693","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/07/18/why-stepping-back-can-empower-kids-in-an-anxious-world/","disqusTitle":"Why Stepping Back Can Empower Kids In An Anxious World","nprByline":"Cory Turner","nprImageAgency":"Angie Wang for NPR","nprStoryId":"620074926","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=620074926&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/07/18/620074926/empowering-kids-in-an-anxious-world?ft=nprml&f=620074926","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 18 Jul 2018 08:04:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 18 Jul 2018 05:09:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 18 Jul 2018 12:03:09 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/07/20180718_me_empowering_kids_in_an_anxious_world.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1030&d=232&p=3&story=620074926&ft=nprml&f=620074926","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1630008665-a39a45.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1030&d=232&p=3&story=620074926&ft=nprml&f=620074926","path":"/mindshift/51693/why-stepping-back-can-empower-kids-in-an-anxious-world","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/07/20180718_me_empowering_kids_in_an_anxious_world.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1030&d=232&p=3&story=620074926&ft=nprml&f=620074926","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rates of anxiety and depression among teens in the U.S. have been rising for years. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2946114/\">one study\u003c/a>, nearly one in three adolescents (ages 13-18) now meets the criteria for an anxiety disorder, and in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/06/16/620278545/what-teens-really-say-about-sex-drugs-and-sadness\">latest results\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 32 percent of teens reported persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's more bad news, grown-ups: The authors of two new parenting books believe you're part of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kids are play-deprived nowadays,\" says Katherine Reynolds Lewis, a journalist, parent, parent-educator and the author of one of those two new books, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/06/02/611082566/why-children-arent-behaving-and-what-you-can-do-about-it\">\u003cem>The Good News About Bad Behavior\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. And by \"play\" she means play without screens or adults keeping watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two or three decades ago, children were roaming neighborhoods in mixed-age groups, playing pretty unsupervised,\" Lewis says. And this kind of parent-free play helped them develop important skills they'd use for the rest of their lives. \"They were able to resolve disputes. They planned their time. They managed their games. They had a lot of autonomy, which also feeds self-esteem and mental health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, though, free play is on the decline, Lewis says, and so are the social and emotional skills that come with it. Part of the problem, according to Lewis, is parents who worry that unsupervised play is just too risky. But the risk is part of the point — for kids \"to have falls and scrapes and tumbles and discover that they're okay. They can survive being hurt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many families, Lewis says, play has also been crowded out by parents' increased focus on schoolwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Stixrud is not one of those parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my kids were in elementary school, I said, 'You know, I'm happy to look at your report card, but I don't care that much. I care much more that you work hard to develop yourself,'\" says Stixrud, a neuropsychologist and co-author of the other new parenting book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/02/14/584275859/the-key-to-raising-a-happy-child\">\u003cem>The Self-Driven Child\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says academics are important, but that, in most cases, kids should be in the driver's seat, learning to manage their work, their time and, ideally, being able to pursue their own interests. That freedom, Stixrud says, helps them develop internal motivation in a way that rewards and grades just can't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stixrud's daughter, Jora LaFontaine, who now has a Ph.D. in economics, says she still remembers first grade, when she brought a paper home from school. Her parents were supposed to sign it every day, proving she'd read for fifteen minutes. The first day, though, Jora says her father looked at it, laughed, \"signed every single line on it and said that he did not want to turn reading into homework or a chore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was an A student in high school, Jora attended a talk her dad gave about why parents shouldn't focus on grades. William Stixrud remembers his daughter pushing back that night in the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Driving home she said, 'You know, I liked the lecture, but I don't really believe that you believe that stuff about the grades,\" Stixrud remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people I tell this to laugh,\" Jora says, laughing herself. \"So, I said to my dad, 'If you don't get [good] grades, you're not gonna get into college. Or at least you won't get into a good college.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... and if you don't get into a good college, you won't get a good job ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So my dad said, 'I will give you a hundred dollars if you're willing to get a C in one of your classes,'\" Jora says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hundred dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stixrud says, his daughter already took school seriously, and he wanted her to understand that \"one thing that seems like a disaster is just not that big a deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jora didn't take her father up on his offer, but she says it meant a lot, knowing that the only person really pushing her to succeed ... was her. In that way, she embodies the spirit of both books' message to parents:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lewis writes, \"to build self-control, we need to stop controlling children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Empowering+Kids+In+An+Anxious+World&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/51693/why-stepping-back-can-empower-kids-in-an-anxious-world","authors":["byline_mindshift_51693"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20984","mindshift_20589","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20865","mindshift_20985","mindshift_498","mindshift_20954"],"featImg":"mindshift_51694","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_48578":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_48578","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"48578","score":null,"sort":[1504073077000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-ending-behavior-rewards-helped-one-school-focus-on-student-motivation-and-character","title":"How Ending Behavior Rewards Helped One School Focus on Student Motivation and Character","publishDate":1504073077,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Handing out colored bracelets and upbeat stickers when students behave well seems like an effective strategy for encouraging civility. Little prizes and public praise would seem to encourage honesty, generosity and other marks of good character, and for years schools have relied on such rewards to elicit the behavior they desire in their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Lincoln-Hubbard School in Summit, New Jersey, for example, teachers used to hand out stickers to elementary school children with the words “I was caught doing something right” when a child behaved properly. At Glenwood Elementary School in Short Hills, New Jersey, some second-graders who conducted themselves well were rewarded with beans that they could trade in for toys at the end of the week. “You would get them for a bunch of different things, like helping the teacher,” said Brian Smith, when recalling the class reward system. “It made the problematic kids not want to be as problematic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewards can be seductive, according to \u003ca href=\"https://characterandcitizenship.org/about-us/key-players?id=8\">Marvin Berkowitz\u003c/a>, a professor of education at University of Missouri-St. Louis and author of \u003cem>You Can’t Teach Through a Rat\u003c/em>. They’re easy, they seem to work—particularly with the hard-to-reach kids—and many teachers are taught according to the behaviorist model, which posits that people repeat conduct that’s reinforced and avoid what’s punished. “We are breeding a new generation of kids who are well trained to be reward and recognition torpedoes,” Berkowitz writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a substantial body of social science \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10589297\">research\u003c/a> going back decades has concluded that giving rewards for certain types of behavior is not only futile but harmful. In his book \u003cem>Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.danpink.com/about/\">Daniel Pink\u003c/a> identifies seven drawbacks to extrinsic rewards: they cripple intrinsic motivation, limit performance, squash creativity, stifle good conduct, promote cheating, can become habit-forming, and spur a short-term mindset. Giving prizes for routine and mindless tasks can be moderately effective, Pink writes. But offering rewards for those tasks that are “inherently interesting, creative, or noble…is a very dangerous game.” When it comes to promoting good behavior, extrinsic rewards are “the \u003cem>worst\u003c/em> ineffective character education practice used by educators,” Berkowitz writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Private words of encouragement replaced the monthly awards assemblies.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A handful of schools are heeding the research and beginning to back away from the practice. In Florissant, Missouri, students at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssdmo.org/schools/northview\">Northview High School\u003c/a> no longer receive rubber bracelets when they do something right. Monthly awards assemblies celebrating the student who demonstrated superior character in the area of responsibility, say, have vanished. Under the direction of Stephanie Valleroy, the now-retired principal of Northview, the school moved decidedly away from prizes and public affirmation of good behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valleroy decided to change the school’s culture in 2007, after she and other educators on her staff attended conferences on character education, including events hosted by \u003ca href=\"https://coe.umsl.edu/w2/initiatives/lace.html\">Leadership Academy in Character Education\u003c/a> at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. Inspired by what she’d learned, especially about the corrosive effect of rewards, she returned to Northview and launched a character education committee and school leadership team. Valleroy knew she needed staff buy-in, and over a period of years sent educators to conferences on character. Together, they revamped lesson plans to incorporate character development into all aspects of the curriculum, and shared the new plans on the school intranet. She also worked with the staff to craft a new mission statement for the school that put character at the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some teachers struggled at first with the removal of extrinsic rewards. \"'What do you mean we’re not giving out Northview bracelets?’” Valleroy recalled some teachers asking. She told them: “We’re just not.” Parents embraced it right away; Valleroy had been at Northview for more than 20 years when she made the change, and parents trusted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of handing out prizes, teachers tried to reach children by talking about what’s inside them. “We consistently talked to them about what were their motivations from the heart,” Valleroy said. Rather than say “don’t do this,” teachers would remind students of the school’s mission and rules, which focused on respect, responsibility and work ethic. Teachers often asked students, “What’s your responsibility in this?” The school also folded service into the curriculum, which required children to take on a project that aided the school, community, country or world. Private words of encouragement replaced the monthly awards assemblies. “I would pull kids aside and say ‘I know you did a really good job in X,’ but not in public,” Valleroy said. “It was just a comment, not an ordeal,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did the children shrug when the rewards disappeared, Valleroy said, they also welcomed the character-infused approach to learning. Teachers overheard students talking about being responsible and respectful. Kids who ordinarily kept quiet in class volunteered frequently, and more stepped up to help their classmates. The service learning also had a dramatic impact, according to Valleroy: Students took pleasure in helping others, and recognized that they had abilities worth sharing. “Their academic skills and attention and willingness to participate in academics grew immensely,” Valleroy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Removing extrinsics was a huge part of its success,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s especially noteworthy about the school’s embrace of prize-free character education is that Northview serves only children needing special education; all 180 students who attend require support that’s not available in mainstream schools. Even more so than in regular classrooms, special education relies heavily on extrinsic rewards with its students. “The use of extrinsics is a common practice in special education and it was simply what we did,” Valleroy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, the students who responded most positively to the shift were the ones with great emotional needs, often the toughest challenges for teachers and most likely to be controlled with rewards, according to Valleroy. These students wanted to help in other classrooms as a part of their service learning, and began to form natural relationships with the other kids along the way. Valleroy saw them step up to leadership roles, and many spoke at graduation about how far they’d come. “It was incredible to see that growth,” Valleroy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Valleroy retired, Brian O’Connor took over as principal and continued to emphasize character development and intrinsic motivation. The school population is familiar with adversity: most of the students at Northview High School qualify for free or reduced lunch and many live in foster care, according to Valleroy. In spite of those obstacles, she reports that 89 percent graduate, 87 percent report feeling safe at school, and attendance rates hover at 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mainstream schools could also do away with extrinsic rewards, Valleroy said. “It would be a paradigm shift,” she said. “But it absolutely could be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrkrvAUbU9Y\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A school transformed its culture by getting rid of rewards for good behavior and prioritizing character education. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1504073077,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1205},"headData":{"title":"How Ending Behavior Rewards Helped One School Focus on Student Motivation and Character | KQED","description":"A school transformed its culture by getting rid of rewards for good behavior and prioritizing character education. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Ending Behavior Rewards Helped One School Focus on Student Motivation and Character","datePublished":"2017-08-30T06:04:37.000Z","dateModified":"2017-08-30T06:04:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"48578 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=48578","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/08/29/how-ending-behavior-rewards-helped-one-school-focus-on-student-motivation-and-character/","disqusTitle":"How Ending Behavior Rewards Helped One School Focus on Student Motivation and Character","path":"/mindshift/48578/how-ending-behavior-rewards-helped-one-school-focus-on-student-motivation-and-character","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Handing out colored bracelets and upbeat stickers when students behave well seems like an effective strategy for encouraging civility. Little prizes and public praise would seem to encourage honesty, generosity and other marks of good character, and for years schools have relied on such rewards to elicit the behavior they desire in their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Lincoln-Hubbard School in Summit, New Jersey, for example, teachers used to hand out stickers to elementary school children with the words “I was caught doing something right” when a child behaved properly. At Glenwood Elementary School in Short Hills, New Jersey, some second-graders who conducted themselves well were rewarded with beans that they could trade in for toys at the end of the week. “You would get them for a bunch of different things, like helping the teacher,” said Brian Smith, when recalling the class reward system. “It made the problematic kids not want to be as problematic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewards can be seductive, according to \u003ca href=\"https://characterandcitizenship.org/about-us/key-players?id=8\">Marvin Berkowitz\u003c/a>, a professor of education at University of Missouri-St. Louis and author of \u003cem>You Can’t Teach Through a Rat\u003c/em>. They’re easy, they seem to work—particularly with the hard-to-reach kids—and many teachers are taught according to the behaviorist model, which posits that people repeat conduct that’s reinforced and avoid what’s punished. “We are breeding a new generation of kids who are well trained to be reward and recognition torpedoes,” Berkowitz writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a substantial body of social science \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10589297\">research\u003c/a> going back decades has concluded that giving rewards for certain types of behavior is not only futile but harmful. In his book \u003cem>Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.danpink.com/about/\">Daniel Pink\u003c/a> identifies seven drawbacks to extrinsic rewards: they cripple intrinsic motivation, limit performance, squash creativity, stifle good conduct, promote cheating, can become habit-forming, and spur a short-term mindset. Giving prizes for routine and mindless tasks can be moderately effective, Pink writes. But offering rewards for those tasks that are “inherently interesting, creative, or noble…is a very dangerous game.” When it comes to promoting good behavior, extrinsic rewards are “the \u003cem>worst\u003c/em> ineffective character education practice used by educators,” Berkowitz writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Private words of encouragement replaced the monthly awards assemblies.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A handful of schools are heeding the research and beginning to back away from the practice. In Florissant, Missouri, students at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssdmo.org/schools/northview\">Northview High School\u003c/a> no longer receive rubber bracelets when they do something right. Monthly awards assemblies celebrating the student who demonstrated superior character in the area of responsibility, say, have vanished. Under the direction of Stephanie Valleroy, the now-retired principal of Northview, the school moved decidedly away from prizes and public affirmation of good behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valleroy decided to change the school’s culture in 2007, after she and other educators on her staff attended conferences on character education, including events hosted by \u003ca href=\"https://coe.umsl.edu/w2/initiatives/lace.html\">Leadership Academy in Character Education\u003c/a> at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. Inspired by what she’d learned, especially about the corrosive effect of rewards, she returned to Northview and launched a character education committee and school leadership team. Valleroy knew she needed staff buy-in, and over a period of years sent educators to conferences on character. Together, they revamped lesson plans to incorporate character development into all aspects of the curriculum, and shared the new plans on the school intranet. She also worked with the staff to craft a new mission statement for the school that put character at the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some teachers struggled at first with the removal of extrinsic rewards. \"'What do you mean we’re not giving out Northview bracelets?’” Valleroy recalled some teachers asking. She told them: “We’re just not.” Parents embraced it right away; Valleroy had been at Northview for more than 20 years when she made the change, and parents trusted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of handing out prizes, teachers tried to reach children by talking about what’s inside them. “We consistently talked to them about what were their motivations from the heart,” Valleroy said. Rather than say “don’t do this,” teachers would remind students of the school’s mission and rules, which focused on respect, responsibility and work ethic. Teachers often asked students, “What’s your responsibility in this?” The school also folded service into the curriculum, which required children to take on a project that aided the school, community, country or world. Private words of encouragement replaced the monthly awards assemblies. “I would pull kids aside and say ‘I know you did a really good job in X,’ but not in public,” Valleroy said. “It was just a comment, not an ordeal,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did the children shrug when the rewards disappeared, Valleroy said, they also welcomed the character-infused approach to learning. Teachers overheard students talking about being responsible and respectful. Kids who ordinarily kept quiet in class volunteered frequently, and more stepped up to help their classmates. The service learning also had a dramatic impact, according to Valleroy: Students took pleasure in helping others, and recognized that they had abilities worth sharing. “Their academic skills and attention and willingness to participate in academics grew immensely,” Valleroy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Removing extrinsics was a huge part of its success,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s especially noteworthy about the school’s embrace of prize-free character education is that Northview serves only children needing special education; all 180 students who attend require support that’s not available in mainstream schools. Even more so than in regular classrooms, special education relies heavily on extrinsic rewards with its students. “The use of extrinsics is a common practice in special education and it was simply what we did,” Valleroy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, the students who responded most positively to the shift were the ones with great emotional needs, often the toughest challenges for teachers and most likely to be controlled with rewards, according to Valleroy. These students wanted to help in other classrooms as a part of their service learning, and began to form natural relationships with the other kids along the way. Valleroy saw them step up to leadership roles, and many spoke at graduation about how far they’d come. “It was incredible to see that growth,” Valleroy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Valleroy retired, Brian O’Connor took over as principal and continued to emphasize character development and intrinsic motivation. The school population is familiar with adversity: most of the students at Northview High School qualify for free or reduced lunch and many live in foster care, according to Valleroy. In spite of those obstacles, she reports that 89 percent graduate, 87 percent report feeling safe at school, and attendance rates hover at 90 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mainstream schools could also do away with extrinsic rewards, Valleroy said. “It would be a paradigm shift,” she said. “But it absolutely could be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rrkrvAUbU9Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rrkrvAUbU9Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/48578/how-ending-behavior-rewards-helped-one-school-focus-on-student-motivation-and-character","authors":["4613"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20649","mindshift_21118","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20772","mindshift_20985","mindshift_20934"],"featImg":"mindshift_48799","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_47712":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_47712","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"47712","score":null,"sort":[1489983147000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-even-great-teaching-strategies-can-backfire-and-what-to-do-about-it","title":"Why Even Great Teaching Strategies Can Backfire And What To Do About It","publishDate":1489983147,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Educators often look for classroom inspiration from instructional strategies that “work,” focusing on how many students improved based on a given strategy. While that’s important and helpful, focusing only on how a strategy works, without examining why it didn’t work for some learners, is a missed opportunity. Examining the conditions when a strategy is ineffective or unintentionally misleads students doesn’t necessarily mean teachers should abandon that strategy altogether, but it does help them plan ahead for how it might backfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What seems to be a great way to learn for the teachers, the students, the instructional designers is often a great way to learn,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/danls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daniel Schwartz\u003c/a>, dean of Stanford’s Graduate School of Education, at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learning and the Brain\u003c/a> conference in San Francisco. “But sometimes it’s a horrible way to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The scientists can give you certain laws about learning, but they can't put it together into instruction.'\u003ccite>Dan Schwartz, Dean of Stanford Graduate School of Education\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There are many examples in education of ideas implemented as though they were gospel backfiring because educators lost sight of the nuances. Rewards are a commonly misapplied tool in education, for example. Simple behavior theory predicts that rewards produce more of a desired behavior, while punishments yield less undesirable behavior. But a \u003ca href=\"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-10497-001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">famous study by Mark Lepper, David Greene and Richard Nisbett\u003c/a> found that misapplied rewards can have disastrous consequences for intrinsic motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their study, Lepper, Greene and Nisbett first observed a preschool classroom for baseline observations and found that drawing was one of the most popular activities. They wanted to test intrinsic versus extrinsic rewards, so they put out felt-tipped markers (a big treat) at the art table and told one group of students that if they chose drawing during free play time they would get a certificate with a gold seal on it. A second group was not told about the reward, but after making art they received one. The third group was neither told about the rewards nor received one. After a week or two, the researchers again put out the felt-tipped markers and observed from behind a one-way mirror what activities the children chose to play with on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in the reward condition chose to draw much less during a three-hour play period than either of the other two conditions. What happened? “The [certificate] replaced the satisfaction of drawing,” Schwartz said. “When there was no more reward, the kids didn’t want to draw.” And, interestingly, when kids were being rewarded for their drawings, they produced less creative work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another example is the commonly believed notion that treating each case as unique is a good problem-solving strategy. But this, too, can be misapplied. “Sometimes you design instruction that leads students to inadvertently do the wrong thing,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://aaalab.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Seeking-the-General-Explanation-Offprint-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a> done with college undergraduates, physics students were learning about how magnets affect electric current. They were given three cases of how a magnet interacted with a lightbulb attached to a wire loop. In Case A, the magnet moved right and the lightbulb lit up. In Case B, the magnet moved up and the lightbulb did not light up. In Case C, the magnet was flipped and the light went on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students were asked to come up with one account that could explain all three cases. They were placed in two groups, one of which was asked to use the “Predict-Observe-Explain” (POE) strategy, common in science education. This is a difficult problem and only about 30 percent of the control group got the correct answer: the lightbulb lights up with a change to the x-vector of the magnetic field. However, only one student was able to get the right answer in the POE group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that when students used POE, they treated each case as separate and weren’t looking for patterns across the cases. Schwartz said another way the each-case-is-unique idea can go wrong is when students are doing problem sets. They often treat each problem separately, instead of thinking about how they relate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an example of what Schwartz calls a “learning frailty,” or things students are likely to do and that teachers can predict and plan to circumvent. To do this, teachers often have to explicitly tell students what the frailty is and advise them not to give into it. “You have to address what you want them to do, but also what you don’t want them to do,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>INVESTIGATING LEARNING FRAILTIES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz wanted to know whether he could teach students to seek constructive feedback and to explore a space before prematurely settling on an idea, both strategies found to improve learning. He inserted an intervention into the setup of design thinking activities that 200 sixth-graders were doing in math, social studies and science. Students went through a design cycle where they were told to explore materials and ideas, generate solutions, create prototypes and reflect on the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group was told that at each stage of the design process, they should seek constructive criticism on their idea. They were also told to avoid the learning frailty, “we like to hear what we have done well,” in favor of criticism that would help them improve. The other half were told that at each stage of the design process they should resist the temptation to settle on the first idea (the learning frailty), and instead to try multiple ideas before picking one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measuring whether these interventions taught the students to use the strategy on their own was tricky because Schwartz and his team were interested in whether students would recognize the value in the strategy and choose to use it on their own when they weren’t explicitly told to do so. They needed a way to measure choice, not knowledge, so they chose a game format.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://aaalab.stanford.edu/research/new-models-of-assessment/choice-based-assessments/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-47716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-1020x656.png\" alt=\"Screenshot from Schwartz' feedback game. Students could choose to either hear positive or negative feedback on their posters.\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-1020x656.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-160x103.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-800x515.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-768x494.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-960x617.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-240x154.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-375x241.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-520x334.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot.png 1121w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screen shot from Schwartz's feedback game. Students could choose to either hear positive or negative feedback on their posters. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Dan Schwartz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The seeking-criticism group played a game in which they are hired to make posters for booths at a school fair. The game offers various tools kids can use to create the posters, and then students present their first draft to a focus group of animals that provide feedback that includes praise as well as constructive criticism. Students read the feedback, make changes to the poster, and then see how many tickets they sold. Researchers were looking for \u003ca href=\"https://aaalab.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/4091-19508-1-PB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">how often students chose to hear more feedback\u003c/a> from the focus group and made changes to their posters as part of their process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more feedback you choose in this game, the more likely you do well on the California standardized tests,” Schwartz said. He also found that lower-achieving kids weren’t using this strategy before the intervention, but after the design thinking project they recognized its power and did use the strategy more. Kids who were already high achievers were already using this strategy, so it didn’t make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Schwartz designed a game for the group that was asked to design in parallel instead of choosing the first idea they had. In the game, students are photographers with a variety of settings on their cameras. The game measured how many different camera settings students tried before settling on their final version. And, once again, kids who had not previously used the “exploring the space” strategy did improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want to teach students what to do and what to avoid. And acknowledge why you’d want to avoid it,” Schwartz said. Another common learning frailty is to do the thing that takes the least time. Teachers can try to circumvent the frailty by explaining why a better strategy, while more time-consuming, will pay off in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz is wary of anyone who says teachers should never lecture, or never give rewards because it is “bad pedagogy.” “The key here is understanding that these instructional moves are good. You just have to figure out when,” Schwartz said. Rewards work well to incentivize something students don’t like to do, but educators have to be careful about unintentionally reinforcing the idea that whatever is being rewarded is work and therefore not fun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, some educators argue that telling students information is wrong or anti-constructivist, but there is a time and a place for telling students information, a relatively efficient way to transfer knowledge. Schwartz and Bransford \u003ca href=\"http://aaalab.stanford.edu/papers/time_for_telling.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">completed a study\u003c/a> in 1998 showing that when college students analyzed contrasting data sets from classic psychology experiments and then read a text or listened to a lecture about why those experiments were important to the development of psychology, they were more prepared to understand and contextualize the new information. The students were then better able to grasp the outcomes of a similar set of data a week later, as compared to students who had summarized the information before the lecture. The analyze-and-lecture condition also predicted more accurately than students in a condition who analyzed the data twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR TEACHERS?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Schwartz’s warning about unintended consequences of instruction is a rallying cry for teacher professionalism. “The science points out what’s necessary; the trick is making instruction where that component sits in an environment that’s sufficient for learning,” Schwartz said. For example, scientists can prove that overwhelming students’ cognitive load is bad. But reduce cognitive load too much and students are bored. That’s why teachers are so important; they are the investigators carefully taking note of how different students respond to strategies in the classroom, and are constantly tweaking ideas to improve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scientists can give you certain laws about learning, but they can’t put it together into instruction,” Schwartz said. They understand the neuroscience, not how to translate it into a classroom environment. That’s why Schwartz believes the most important thing for good instruction is for the teacher to be an “adaptive expert,” someone who is constantly reflecting, and learning from what he or she has tried in the past. Adaptive experts have growth mindsets about their teaching, whereas “routine experts” get good at one way and repeat it over and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You develop a great deal of expertise by designing instruction and looking at the outcomes of the instruction,” Schwartz said. “You as the teacher need to think about this as a creative endeavor.” Observing how students interpret a lesson and thinking through what learning frailties may have led them in the wrong direction is one way to try to avoid unintended consequences of instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This discussion of instruction misfiring may feel frustrating for educators looking for tried-and-true research-based strategies, but it also reaffirms the importance of educators’ expertise in the classroom. The one guideline Schwartz offers is that often when the rationale for an instructional strategy is to save time or be more efficient, the likelihood of an instructional backfire is high. Resorting to only telling students things, rewarding them for doing what you want them to do and oversimplifying are all ways this can happen.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Teaching isn't always about knowing the best strategies. Sometimes it's more about when to use which strategy with an eye to any unintended consequences.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1584135000,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":27,"wordCount":1932},"headData":{"title":"Why Even Great Teaching Strategies Can Backfire And What To Do About It | KQED","description":"Teaching isn't always about knowing the best strategies. Sometimes it's more about when to use which strategy with an eye to any unintended consequences.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Even Great Teaching Strategies Can Backfire And What To Do About It","datePublished":"2017-03-20T04:12:27.000Z","dateModified":"2020-03-13T21:30:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47712 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=47712","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/03/19/why-even-great-teaching-strategies-can-backfire-and-what-to-do-about-it/","disqusTitle":"Why Even Great Teaching Strategies Can Backfire And What To Do About It","path":"/mindshift/47712/why-even-great-teaching-strategies-can-backfire-and-what-to-do-about-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Educators often look for classroom inspiration from instructional strategies that “work,” focusing on how many students improved based on a given strategy. While that’s important and helpful, focusing only on how a strategy works, without examining why it didn’t work for some learners, is a missed opportunity. Examining the conditions when a strategy is ineffective or unintentionally misleads students doesn’t necessarily mean teachers should abandon that strategy altogether, but it does help them plan ahead for how it might backfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What seems to be a great way to learn for the teachers, the students, the instructional designers is often a great way to learn,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/danls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daniel Schwartz\u003c/a>, dean of Stanford’s Graduate School of Education, at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningandthebrain.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learning and the Brain\u003c/a> conference in San Francisco. “But sometimes it’s a horrible way to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The scientists can give you certain laws about learning, but they can't put it together into instruction.'\u003ccite>Dan Schwartz, Dean of Stanford Graduate School of Education\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There are many examples in education of ideas implemented as though they were gospel backfiring because educators lost sight of the nuances. Rewards are a commonly misapplied tool in education, for example. Simple behavior theory predicts that rewards produce more of a desired behavior, while punishments yield less undesirable behavior. But a \u003ca href=\"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-10497-001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">famous study by Mark Lepper, David Greene and Richard Nisbett\u003c/a> found that misapplied rewards can have disastrous consequences for intrinsic motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their study, Lepper, Greene and Nisbett first observed a preschool classroom for baseline observations and found that drawing was one of the most popular activities. They wanted to test intrinsic versus extrinsic rewards, so they put out felt-tipped markers (a big treat) at the art table and told one group of students that if they chose drawing during free play time they would get a certificate with a gold seal on it. A second group was not told about the reward, but after making art they received one. The third group was neither told about the rewards nor received one. After a week or two, the researchers again put out the felt-tipped markers and observed from behind a one-way mirror what activities the children chose to play with on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in the reward condition chose to draw much less during a three-hour play period than either of the other two conditions. What happened? “The [certificate] replaced the satisfaction of drawing,” Schwartz said. “When there was no more reward, the kids didn’t want to draw.” And, interestingly, when kids were being rewarded for their drawings, they produced less creative work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another example is the commonly believed notion that treating each case as unique is a good problem-solving strategy. But this, too, can be misapplied. “Sometimes you design instruction that leads students to inadvertently do the wrong thing,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://aaalab.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Seeking-the-General-Explanation-Offprint-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a> done with college undergraduates, physics students were learning about how magnets affect electric current. They were given three cases of how a magnet interacted with a lightbulb attached to a wire loop. In Case A, the magnet moved right and the lightbulb lit up. In Case B, the magnet moved up and the lightbulb did not light up. In Case C, the magnet was flipped and the light went on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students were asked to come up with one account that could explain all three cases. They were placed in two groups, one of which was asked to use the “Predict-Observe-Explain” (POE) strategy, common in science education. This is a difficult problem and only about 30 percent of the control group got the correct answer: the lightbulb lights up with a change to the x-vector of the magnetic field. However, only one student was able to get the right answer in the POE group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that when students used POE, they treated each case as separate and weren’t looking for patterns across the cases. Schwartz said another way the each-case-is-unique idea can go wrong is when students are doing problem sets. They often treat each problem separately, instead of thinking about how they relate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an example of what Schwartz calls a “learning frailty,” or things students are likely to do and that teachers can predict and plan to circumvent. To do this, teachers often have to explicitly tell students what the frailty is and advise them not to give into it. “You have to address what you want them to do, but also what you don’t want them to do,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>INVESTIGATING LEARNING FRAILTIES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz wanted to know whether he could teach students to seek constructive feedback and to explore a space before prematurely settling on an idea, both strategies found to improve learning. He inserted an intervention into the setup of design thinking activities that 200 sixth-graders were doing in math, social studies and science. Students went through a design cycle where they were told to explore materials and ideas, generate solutions, create prototypes and reflect on the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group was told that at each stage of the design process, they should seek constructive criticism on their idea. They were also told to avoid the learning frailty, “we like to hear what we have done well,” in favor of criticism that would help them improve. The other half were told that at each stage of the design process they should resist the temptation to settle on the first idea (the learning frailty), and instead to try multiple ideas before picking one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measuring whether these interventions taught the students to use the strategy on their own was tricky because Schwartz and his team were interested in whether students would recognize the value in the strategy and choose to use it on their own when they weren’t explicitly told to do so. They needed a way to measure choice, not knowledge, so they chose a game format.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://aaalab.stanford.edu/research/new-models-of-assessment/choice-based-assessments/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-47716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-1020x656.png\" alt=\"Screenshot from Schwartz' feedback game. Students could choose to either hear positive or negative feedback on their posters.\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-1020x656.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-160x103.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-800x515.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-768x494.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-960x617.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-240x154.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-375x241.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot-520x334.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/03/posterlet-screenshot.png 1121w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screen shot from Schwartz's feedback game. Students could choose to either hear positive or negative feedback on their posters. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Dan Schwartz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The seeking-criticism group played a game in which they are hired to make posters for booths at a school fair. The game offers various tools kids can use to create the posters, and then students present their first draft to a focus group of animals that provide feedback that includes praise as well as constructive criticism. Students read the feedback, make changes to the poster, and then see how many tickets they sold. Researchers were looking for \u003ca href=\"https://aaalab.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/4091-19508-1-PB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">how often students chose to hear more feedback\u003c/a> from the focus group and made changes to their posters as part of their process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more feedback you choose in this game, the more likely you do well on the California standardized tests,” Schwartz said. He also found that lower-achieving kids weren’t using this strategy before the intervention, but after the design thinking project they recognized its power and did use the strategy more. Kids who were already high achievers were already using this strategy, so it didn’t make much difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Schwartz designed a game for the group that was asked to design in parallel instead of choosing the first idea they had. In the game, students are photographers with a variety of settings on their cameras. The game measured how many different camera settings students tried before settling on their final version. And, once again, kids who had not previously used the “exploring the space” strategy did improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want to teach students what to do and what to avoid. And acknowledge why you’d want to avoid it,” Schwartz said. Another common learning frailty is to do the thing that takes the least time. Teachers can try to circumvent the frailty by explaining why a better strategy, while more time-consuming, will pay off in the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz is wary of anyone who says teachers should never lecture, or never give rewards because it is “bad pedagogy.” “The key here is understanding that these instructional moves are good. You just have to figure out when,” Schwartz said. Rewards work well to incentivize something students don’t like to do, but educators have to be careful about unintentionally reinforcing the idea that whatever is being rewarded is work and therefore not fun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, some educators argue that telling students information is wrong or anti-constructivist, but there is a time and a place for telling students information, a relatively efficient way to transfer knowledge. Schwartz and Bransford \u003ca href=\"http://aaalab.stanford.edu/papers/time_for_telling.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">completed a study\u003c/a> in 1998 showing that when college students analyzed contrasting data sets from classic psychology experiments and then read a text or listened to a lecture about why those experiments were important to the development of psychology, they were more prepared to understand and contextualize the new information. The students were then better able to grasp the outcomes of a similar set of data a week later, as compared to students who had summarized the information before the lecture. The analyze-and-lecture condition also predicted more accurately than students in a condition who analyzed the data twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR TEACHERS?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Schwartz’s warning about unintended consequences of instruction is a rallying cry for teacher professionalism. “The science points out what’s necessary; the trick is making instruction where that component sits in an environment that’s sufficient for learning,” Schwartz said. For example, scientists can prove that overwhelming students’ cognitive load is bad. But reduce cognitive load too much and students are bored. That’s why teachers are so important; they are the investigators carefully taking note of how different students respond to strategies in the classroom, and are constantly tweaking ideas to improve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scientists can give you certain laws about learning, but they can’t put it together into instruction,” Schwartz said. They understand the neuroscience, not how to translate it into a classroom environment. That’s why Schwartz believes the most important thing for good instruction is for the teacher to be an “adaptive expert,” someone who is constantly reflecting, and learning from what he or she has tried in the past. Adaptive experts have growth mindsets about their teaching, whereas “routine experts” get good at one way and repeat it over and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You develop a great deal of expertise by designing instruction and looking at the outcomes of the instruction,” Schwartz said. “You as the teacher need to think about this as a creative endeavor.” Observing how students interpret a lesson and thinking through what learning frailties may have led them in the wrong direction is one way to try to avoid unintended consequences of instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This discussion of instruction misfiring may feel frustrating for educators looking for tried-and-true research-based strategies, but it also reaffirms the importance of educators’ expertise in the classroom. The one guideline Schwartz offers is that often when the rationale for an instructional strategy is to save time or be more efficient, the likelihood of an instructional backfire is high. Resorting to only telling students things, rewarding them for doing what you want them to do and oversimplifying are all ways this can happen.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/47712/why-even-great-teaching-strategies-can-backfire-and-what-to-do-about-it","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21072","mindshift_20784","mindshift_21074","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20772","mindshift_20985","mindshift_381","mindshift_79"],"featImg":"mindshift_47714","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_47195":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_47195","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"47195","score":null,"sort":[1482847467000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ten-issues-capturing-the-minds-of-educators-and-parents-this-year","title":"Top Issues Capturing the Minds of Educators and Parents This Year","publishDate":1482847467,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Every year there are some topics and conversations that grab readers’ attention more than others. In 2016, MindShift readers engaged most often and deeply with stories about the tricky job of motivating learners, especially when circumstances like poverty, learning differences and trauma complicate classroom dynamics. Educators are looking for ways to reach all facets of the complicated learners that sit in their classrooms, diving deeply into research about self-control, mindfulness programs and teaching strategies to give students structures for their thinking. And, since educating a child is a partnership between schools, families and communities, many classroom teachers and parents alike are increasingly concerned about the role parents play in nurturing and supporting students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MOTIVATION AND ENGAGEMENT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Motivating students is a perennially difficult aspect of teaching, so it’s no wonder that there is robust interest in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/04/how-to-turn-on-the-part-of-your-brain-that-controls-motivation/\" target=\"_blank\">neuroscience behind motivation\u003c/a>. Researchers found that when test subjects could see how their brains were reacting to different motivational strategies on MRI images, they got better using successful approaches. But they also found it exhausting. While not yet applicable to the classroom setting, this neuroscience does offer educators insights into strategies that did and didn’t work, as well as how tiring the process can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a more practical note, an article featuring \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/03/20-strategies-for-motivating-reluctant-learners/\" target=\"_blank\">20 tips to engage even the most seemingly reluctant\u003c/a> students also grabbed readers’ attention. No teaching approach is going to reach every student, so teachers need lots of strategies. When teachers have many ways to present information, to offer varying points of entry, and know how to demonstrate concepts from multiple viewpoints, they can better serve the different needs of their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SELF-REGULATION AND TRAUMA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, teachers are being asked to do far more than deliver content, and that shift requires a new set of strategies and a compassionate approach to the job. Often educators are looking for guidance on how they can help kids improve self-control and behavior, as well as address their social and emotional needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing the behavior of 30 kids in an enclosed space is one of the most difficult aspects of teaching, so it’s no surprise that no teacher knows exactly how to respond to every situation. Yet acting out is a form of communication that can easily be misinterpreted as intentional disobedience or malice. That’s why \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/04/21/20-tips-to-help-de-escalate-interactions-with-anxious-or-defiant-students/\" target=\"_blank\">tips to de-escalate situations\u003c/a> with anxious or defiant students, presented by an experienced behavior analyst, was so helpful to educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, more and more educators are beginning to realize how much trauma their students have endured and how their behavior is often a symptom of those experiences. Educators are gravitating to workshops on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/06/06/how-trauma-informed-teaching-builds-a-sense-of-safety-and-care/\" target=\"_blank\">how to teach with a trauma-informed lens\u003c/a>, and are seeking support as they deal with the taxing work of educating children who are suffering intensely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One school turned to a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/30/what-changes-when-a-school-embraces-mindfulness/\" target=\"_blank\">program that combines mindfulness and education about the brain\u003c/a> to deal with residual trauma from a school fire, as well as the daily trauma of poverty that many students experience. The program has helped shift the culture of the school into a more positive place for students and staff with mindfulness baked into most school processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early research on mindfulness has found that practices like focusing on one’s breath or intentionally showing gratitude can positively influence executive functioning skills that are also crucial for focusing in class, organizing work and many other cognitive functions. The importance of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/01/11/research-based-strategies-to-help-children-develop-self-control/\" target=\"_blank\">self-control on life outcomes\u003c/a> has been well documented by psychologists, research that educators are now taking advantage of in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DEEPENING TEACHING PRACTICE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alongside discussions about how to instill character, improve school climate and motivate students to do their best work, educators are also continually trying to hone their craft, learning from research about the most effective ways to pull the best thinking out of every child. Often the articles that stimulate the most excitement and debate are not about specific curriculum or tools, but instead grapple with how to improve students’ metacognition. Researchers at Harvard have studied educators who focus on “teaching for understanding” for several years and have narrowed in on some \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/31/when-kids-have-structure-for-thinking-better-learning-emerges/\" target=\"_blank\">practices that help improve the depth of student thinking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In math classrooms a similar discussion is raging, with many math teachers looking for strategies to provide multiple entry points into the underlying conceptual topics in the curriculum. At the same time, most math curricula are stuffed with so many standards that teachers struggle to cover them all well. Math teachers are balancing trying to both prepare students for tests and give them the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/04/13/why-kids-should-keep-using-theirs-fingers-to-do-math/\" target=\"_blank\">space and time to explore the foundations of math\u003c/a>, a key practice to future math success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CAN PARENTS BE TOO INVOLVED?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are crucial partners for teachers in the academic and social development of children. Many parents take that responsibility seriously, reading up on how they can prepare their kids for academic success \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/07/06/how-to-raise-brilliant-children-according-to-science/\" target=\"_blank\">through the myriad of small interactions that happen daily\u003c/a>. But the obsession with doing everything right is taking a toll on parents and may not be that great for kids either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers at the K-12 and university level are beginning to notice a worrying trend of overinvolvement from parents -- while well-intended, it is actually depriving kids of crucial learning experiences. Parents, too, are noticing this tendency in themselves and are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/01/05/overparenting-5-recovery-steps-from-a-former-stanford-dean/\" target=\"_blank\">trying to pull back\u003c/a>, with varying levels of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporting about education so often comes down to examining how humans interact with one another. Many of the themes that caught MindShift readers’ attention this year deal with how a bureaucratic system filled with well-intentioned people can nurture the whole child, paying attention to their academic minds, of course, but also recognizing that success in life rests on so much more. The trajectory of a life is a complicated interplay of opportunity, psychology, mentors and skills. The parents and teachers that help young people down this path have a very difficult job, but it can ultimately be one of the most rewarding ones, too.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Student motivation, self-regulation and trauma are just a few of the topics that MindShift readers were especially interested in during 2016. Teachers also wanted to know how to improve the depth of student thinking and parents sought information on how to improve their involvement with their kids. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1482858144,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1012},"headData":{"title":"Top Issues Capturing the Minds of Educators and Parents This Year | KQED","description":"Student motivation, self-regulation and trauma are just a few of the topics that MindShift readers were especially interested in during 2016. Teachers also wanted to know how to improve the depth of student thinking and parents sought information on how to improve their involvement with their kids. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Top Issues Capturing the Minds of Educators and Parents This Year","datePublished":"2016-12-27T14:04:27.000Z","dateModified":"2016-12-27T17:02:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"47195 http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=47195","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/12/27/ten-issues-capturing-the-minds-of-educators-and-parents-this-year/","disqusTitle":"Top Issues Capturing the Minds of Educators and Parents This Year","path":"/mindshift/47195/ten-issues-capturing-the-minds-of-educators-and-parents-this-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year there are some topics and conversations that grab readers’ attention more than others. In 2016, MindShift readers engaged most often and deeply with stories about the tricky job of motivating learners, especially when circumstances like poverty, learning differences and trauma complicate classroom dynamics. Educators are looking for ways to reach all facets of the complicated learners that sit in their classrooms, diving deeply into research about self-control, mindfulness programs and teaching strategies to give students structures for their thinking. And, since educating a child is a partnership between schools, families and communities, many classroom teachers and parents alike are increasingly concerned about the role parents play in nurturing and supporting students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MOTIVATION AND ENGAGEMENT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Motivating students is a perennially difficult aspect of teaching, so it’s no wonder that there is robust interest in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/04/how-to-turn-on-the-part-of-your-brain-that-controls-motivation/\" target=\"_blank\">neuroscience behind motivation\u003c/a>. Researchers found that when test subjects could see how their brains were reacting to different motivational strategies on MRI images, they got better using successful approaches. But they also found it exhausting. While not yet applicable to the classroom setting, this neuroscience does offer educators insights into strategies that did and didn’t work, as well as how tiring the process can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a more practical note, an article featuring \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/03/20-strategies-for-motivating-reluctant-learners/\" target=\"_blank\">20 tips to engage even the most seemingly reluctant\u003c/a> students also grabbed readers’ attention. No teaching approach is going to reach every student, so teachers need lots of strategies. When teachers have many ways to present information, to offer varying points of entry, and know how to demonstrate concepts from multiple viewpoints, they can better serve the different needs of their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SELF-REGULATION AND TRAUMA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, teachers are being asked to do far more than deliver content, and that shift requires a new set of strategies and a compassionate approach to the job. Often educators are looking for guidance on how they can help kids improve self-control and behavior, as well as address their social and emotional needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Managing the behavior of 30 kids in an enclosed space is one of the most difficult aspects of teaching, so it’s no surprise that no teacher knows exactly how to respond to every situation. Yet acting out is a form of communication that can easily be misinterpreted as intentional disobedience or malice. That’s why \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/04/21/20-tips-to-help-de-escalate-interactions-with-anxious-or-defiant-students/\" target=\"_blank\">tips to de-escalate situations\u003c/a> with anxious or defiant students, presented by an experienced behavior analyst, was so helpful to educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, more and more educators are beginning to realize how much trauma their students have endured and how their behavior is often a symptom of those experiences. Educators are gravitating to workshops on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/06/06/how-trauma-informed-teaching-builds-a-sense-of-safety-and-care/\" target=\"_blank\">how to teach with a trauma-informed lens\u003c/a>, and are seeking support as they deal with the taxing work of educating children who are suffering intensely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One school turned to a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/30/what-changes-when-a-school-embraces-mindfulness/\" target=\"_blank\">program that combines mindfulness and education about the brain\u003c/a> to deal with residual trauma from a school fire, as well as the daily trauma of poverty that many students experience. The program has helped shift the culture of the school into a more positive place for students and staff with mindfulness baked into most school processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early research on mindfulness has found that practices like focusing on one’s breath or intentionally showing gratitude can positively influence executive functioning skills that are also crucial for focusing in class, organizing work and many other cognitive functions. The importance of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/01/11/research-based-strategies-to-help-children-develop-self-control/\" target=\"_blank\">self-control on life outcomes\u003c/a> has been well documented by psychologists, research that educators are now taking advantage of in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DEEPENING TEACHING PRACTICE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alongside discussions about how to instill character, improve school climate and motivate students to do their best work, educators are also continually trying to hone their craft, learning from research about the most effective ways to pull the best thinking out of every child. Often the articles that stimulate the most excitement and debate are not about specific curriculum or tools, but instead grapple with how to improve students’ metacognition. Researchers at Harvard have studied educators who focus on “teaching for understanding” for several years and have narrowed in on some \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/03/31/when-kids-have-structure-for-thinking-better-learning-emerges/\" target=\"_blank\">practices that help improve the depth of student thinking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In math classrooms a similar discussion is raging, with many math teachers looking for strategies to provide multiple entry points into the underlying conceptual topics in the curriculum. At the same time, most math curricula are stuffed with so many standards that teachers struggle to cover them all well. Math teachers are balancing trying to both prepare students for tests and give them the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/04/13/why-kids-should-keep-using-theirs-fingers-to-do-math/\" target=\"_blank\">space and time to explore the foundations of math\u003c/a>, a key practice to future math success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CAN PARENTS BE TOO INVOLVED?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are crucial partners for teachers in the academic and social development of children. Many parents take that responsibility seriously, reading up on how they can prepare their kids for academic success \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/07/06/how-to-raise-brilliant-children-according-to-science/\" target=\"_blank\">through the myriad of small interactions that happen daily\u003c/a>. But the obsession with doing everything right is taking a toll on parents and may not be that great for kids either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers at the K-12 and university level are beginning to notice a worrying trend of overinvolvement from parents -- while well-intended, it is actually depriving kids of crucial learning experiences. Parents, too, are noticing this tendency in themselves and are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/01/05/overparenting-5-recovery-steps-from-a-former-stanford-dean/\" target=\"_blank\">trying to pull back\u003c/a>, with varying levels of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporting about education so often comes down to examining how humans interact with one another. Many of the themes that caught MindShift readers’ attention this year deal with how a bureaucratic system filled with well-intentioned people can nurture the whole child, paying attention to their academic minds, of course, but also recognizing that success in life rests on so much more. The trajectory of a life is a complicated interplay of opportunity, psychology, mentors and skills. The parents and teachers that help young people down this path have a very difficult job, but it can ultimately be one of the most rewarding ones, too.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/47195/ten-issues-capturing-the-minds-of-educators-and-parents-this-year","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_392","mindshift_841","mindshift_20985","mindshift_20870","mindshift_20954","mindshift_20999"],"featImg":"mindshift_47219","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_45396":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_45396","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"45396","score":null,"sort":[1465284098000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"whats-at-risk-when-schools-focus-too-much-on-student-data","title":"What's At Risk When Schools Focus Too Much on Student Data?","publishDate":1465284098,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Have you ever seen a school data wall?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a struggling Newark, N.J., public school, I've seen bulletin boards showing the test scores of each grade compared with state averages. And in one in affluent Silicon Valley, I've seen smartboards that track individual students' math responses in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of public displays send a message: This school cares about student performance by the numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You've probably heard about the positive side of all that data gathering and sharing. Like this story we ran just last week about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/05/30/477506418/what-one-districts-data-mining-did-for-chronic-absence\">a district that used data as the catalyst to conquer chronic absences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as \"data-driven\" education becomes more popular, critics are also raising a range of concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education has increasingly encouraged and funded states to collect and analyze information about students: grades, state test scores, attendance, behavior, lateness, graduation rates and school climate measures like surveys of student engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its recent announcement of new regulations, the department emphasizes \"\u003ca href=\"http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/nprmaccountabilitychart52016.pdf\">ensuring the use of multiple measures of school success based on academic outcomes, student progress, and school quality\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education technology industry, meanwhile, keeps making it easier for teachers to record and share information on students. Check out the \"dashboards\" inside programs like Google Apps for Education, or freestanding gradebook apps like JumpRope, or ClassDojo, focused on behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Software also collects information on students all by itself. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/10/13/437265231/meet-the-mind-reading-robo-tutor-in-the-sky\">Jose Ferreira, CEO of Knewton\u003c/a>, said in a 2012 speech that his \"adaptive learning\" platform, used by 10 million students globally, collects 5 to 10 million data points per student per day — down to how many seconds it takes you to answer that algebra problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We literally have more data about our students than any company has about anybody else about anything,\" Ferreira said. \u003ca href=\"http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/schoolhouse-commercialism-2015\">\"And it's not even close.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The argument in favor of all this is that the more we know about how students are doing, the better we can target instruction and other interventions. And sharing that information with parents and the community at large is crucial. It can motivate big changes. It's to serve equity and uphold civil rights, say the latest Ed Department regulations, that states must \"provide clear and transparent information on critical measures of school quality and equity to parents and community members.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're also starting to hear more about what might be lost when schools focus too much on data. Here are five arguments against the excesses of data-driven instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1) Motivation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A body of psychology research shows that merely being reminded of one's group identity, or that a certain test has shown differences in performance between, say, women and men, can be enough to depress outcomes on that test for the affected group. This is known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/research/action/stereotype.aspx\">stereotype threat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a highly data-driven classroom, students who struggle may be made acutely aware, to the percentile, of how far behind the average they are. This could be enough to trigger stereotype threat, depressing performance still more. Or, it could create negative feelings about school, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/05/24/478239416/helping-children-succeed-starts-at-birth-heres-how-to-do-it\">threatening students' sense of belonging, which is key to academic motivation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about the students who are leading the dashboard, collecting badges, prizes or virtual stickers? These kinds of extrinsic rewards could depress their interest in an activity for its own sake, \u003ca href=\"http://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2001_DeciKoestnerRyan.pdf\">researchers have found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> 2) Helicoptering\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the '80s, my parents dropped me off at school and hoped for the best. They may have gotten a call from the teacher if something was wrong; otherwise, no news was good news until the first report card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, parents increasingly are receiving \u003ca href=\"https://www.classdojo.com/#LearnMore\">daily text messages\u003c/a> with photos and videos from the classroom. And some software systems let them log on and see exactly how Jasper or Alaia are performing, assignment by assignment, even down to the number of minutes spent reading or practicing Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this info could be a great way for parents to partner in their kids' education. It could also enable or even encourage a new level of educational helicopter parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A style of overly involved \"intrusive parenting\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2015/07/helicopter_parenting_is_increasingly_correlated_with_college_age_depression.html\">has been associated in studies with increased levels of anxiety and depression when students reach college\u003c/a>. \"Parent portals as utilized in K-12 education are doing significant harm to student development,\" argues college instructor John Warner in a recent piece for \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/shut-down-parent-portals-dangers-real-time-data#_ftnref\">Inside Higher Ed\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3) Commercial Monitoring and Marketing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever been served an ad in the middle of your English homework? The \u003ca href=\"http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/schoolhouse-commercialism-2015\">National Education Policy Center\u003c/a> releases annual reports on commercialization and marketing in public schools. In its most recent report in May, researchers there raised concerns about targeted marketing to students using computers for schoolwork and homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.siia.net/blog/index/Post/66600/Myths-in-Student-Privacy-and-Advertising\">Companies like Google pledge not to track\u003c/a> the content of schoolwork for the purposes of advertising. But in reality these boundaries can be a lot more porous. For example, a high school student profiled in the NEPC report often consulted commercial programs like \u003ca href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/\">dictionary.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sparknotes.com/\">Sparknotes\u003c/a>: \"Once when she had been looking at shoes, she mentioned, an ad for shoes appeared in the middle of a Sparknotes chapter summary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the NEPC report observed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Schools have proven to be a soft target for data gathering and marketing. Not only are they eager to adopt technology that promises better learning, but their lack of resources makes them susceptible to offers of free technology, free programs and activities, free educational materials, and help with fundraising.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4) Missing What Data Can't Capture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer systems are most comfortable recording and analyzing quantifiable, structured data. The number of absences in a semester, say; or a three-digit score on a multiple-choice test that can be graded by machine, where every question has just one right answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about a semester-long group project where one student overcame her natural tendency to procrastinate, excelled in the design and construction of Odysseus's ship out of cardboard, but then plagiarized part of the explanatory text? What about a student who manages \"only\" 10 absences despite changing living situations three times during the semester? Can dashboards reflect these complexities?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5) Exposing Students' \"Permanent Records\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/financial-services-and-commerce/use-of-credit-info-in-employ-2013-legis.aspx\">several states have passed laws\u003c/a> banning employers from looking at the credit reports of job applicants. Employers want people who are reliable and responsible. But privacy advocates argue that a past medical issue or even a bankruptcy shouldn't unfairly dun a person who needs a fresh start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, for young people who get in trouble with the law, there is a procedure for sealing juvenile records, because it's understood that even grave mistakes shouldn't haunt young people forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educational transcripts, unlike credit reports or juvenile court records, are currently considered fair game for gatekeepers like colleges and employers. These records, though, are getting much more detailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arguably, they more closely resemble credit reports, court records or even psychological dossiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ClassDojo, for example, reports on students' \"Perseverance,\" \"Teamwork,\" \"Leadership,\" \"Resourcefulness\" and \"Curiosity.\" That kind of information in the past would come, if at all, from carefully curated recommendation letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's certainly imaginable that both colleges and employers will want to see this info now that it's available in a broader, more accessible format. Should they have access to it? Only if it's beneficial or if it's damaging as well? Who decides?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Doubts+About+Data-Driven+Schools&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Schools are measuring students in multiple ways — sometimes making that information public. The potential pitfalls are multiplying, too.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1465284098,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":1244},"headData":{"title":"What's At Risk When Schools Focus Too Much on Student Data? | KQED","description":"Schools are measuring students in multiple ways — sometimes making that information public. The potential pitfalls are multiplying, too.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What's At Risk When Schools Focus Too Much on Student Data?","datePublished":"2016-06-07T07:21:38.000Z","dateModified":"2016-06-07T07:21:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"45396 http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=45396","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/06/07/whats-at-risk-when-schools-focus-too-much-on-student-data/","disqusTitle":"What's At Risk When Schools Focus Too Much on Student Data?","nprImageCredit":"Jamie Jones","nprByline":"Anya Kamenetz","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images/Ikon Images","nprStoryId":"480029234","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=480029234&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/06/03/480029234/5-doubts-about-data-driven-schools?ft=nprml&f=480029234","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 03 Jun 2016 11:11:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 03 Jun 2016 06:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 03 Jun 2016 11:11:44 -0400","path":"/mindshift/45396/whats-at-risk-when-schools-focus-too-much-on-student-data","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Have you ever seen a school data wall?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a struggling Newark, N.J., public school, I've seen bulletin boards showing the test scores of each grade compared with state averages. And in one in affluent Silicon Valley, I've seen smartboards that track individual students' math responses in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of public displays send a message: This school cares about student performance by the numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You've probably heard about the positive side of all that data gathering and sharing. Like this story we ran just last week about \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/05/30/477506418/what-one-districts-data-mining-did-for-chronic-absence\">a district that used data as the catalyst to conquer chronic absences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as \"data-driven\" education becomes more popular, critics are also raising a range of concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education has increasingly encouraged and funded states to collect and analyze information about students: grades, state test scores, attendance, behavior, lateness, graduation rates and school climate measures like surveys of student engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its recent announcement of new regulations, the department emphasizes \"\u003ca href=\"http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/nprmaccountabilitychart52016.pdf\">ensuring the use of multiple measures of school success based on academic outcomes, student progress, and school quality\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education technology industry, meanwhile, keeps making it easier for teachers to record and share information on students. Check out the \"dashboards\" inside programs like Google Apps for Education, or freestanding gradebook apps like JumpRope, or ClassDojo, focused on behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Software also collects information on students all by itself. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/10/13/437265231/meet-the-mind-reading-robo-tutor-in-the-sky\">Jose Ferreira, CEO of Knewton\u003c/a>, said in a 2012 speech that his \"adaptive learning\" platform, used by 10 million students globally, collects 5 to 10 million data points per student per day — down to how many seconds it takes you to answer that algebra problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We literally have more data about our students than any company has about anybody else about anything,\" Ferreira said. \u003ca href=\"http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/schoolhouse-commercialism-2015\">\"And it's not even close.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The argument in favor of all this is that the more we know about how students are doing, the better we can target instruction and other interventions. And sharing that information with parents and the community at large is crucial. It can motivate big changes. It's to serve equity and uphold civil rights, say the latest Ed Department regulations, that states must \"provide clear and transparent information on critical measures of school quality and equity to parents and community members.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're also starting to hear more about what might be lost when schools focus too much on data. Here are five arguments against the excesses of data-driven instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1) Motivation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A body of psychology research shows that merely being reminded of one's group identity, or that a certain test has shown differences in performance between, say, women and men, can be enough to depress outcomes on that test for the affected group. This is known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/research/action/stereotype.aspx\">stereotype threat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a highly data-driven classroom, students who struggle may be made acutely aware, to the percentile, of how far behind the average they are. This could be enough to trigger stereotype threat, depressing performance still more. Or, it could create negative feelings about school, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/05/24/478239416/helping-children-succeed-starts-at-birth-heres-how-to-do-it\">threatening students' sense of belonging, which is key to academic motivation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about the students who are leading the dashboard, collecting badges, prizes or virtual stickers? These kinds of extrinsic rewards could depress their interest in an activity for its own sake, \u003ca href=\"http://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2001_DeciKoestnerRyan.pdf\">researchers have found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> 2) Helicoptering\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the '80s, my parents dropped me off at school and hoped for the best. They may have gotten a call from the teacher if something was wrong; otherwise, no news was good news until the first report card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, parents increasingly are receiving \u003ca href=\"https://www.classdojo.com/#LearnMore\">daily text messages\u003c/a> with photos and videos from the classroom. And some software systems let them log on and see exactly how Jasper or Alaia are performing, assignment by assignment, even down to the number of minutes spent reading or practicing Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this info could be a great way for parents to partner in their kids' education. It could also enable or even encourage a new level of educational helicopter parenting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A style of overly involved \"intrusive parenting\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2015/07/helicopter_parenting_is_increasingly_correlated_with_college_age_depression.html\">has been associated in studies with increased levels of anxiety and depression when students reach college\u003c/a>. \"Parent portals as utilized in K-12 education are doing significant harm to student development,\" argues college instructor John Warner in a recent piece for \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/shut-down-parent-portals-dangers-real-time-data#_ftnref\">Inside Higher Ed\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3) Commercial Monitoring and Marketing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever been served an ad in the middle of your English homework? The \u003ca href=\"http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/schoolhouse-commercialism-2015\">National Education Policy Center\u003c/a> releases annual reports on commercialization and marketing in public schools. In its most recent report in May, researchers there raised concerns about targeted marketing to students using computers for schoolwork and homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.siia.net/blog/index/Post/66600/Myths-in-Student-Privacy-and-Advertising\">Companies like Google pledge not to track\u003c/a> the content of schoolwork for the purposes of advertising. But in reality these boundaries can be a lot more porous. For example, a high school student profiled in the NEPC report often consulted commercial programs like \u003ca href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/\">dictionary.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sparknotes.com/\">Sparknotes\u003c/a>: \"Once when she had been looking at shoes, she mentioned, an ad for shoes appeared in the middle of a Sparknotes chapter summary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the NEPC report observed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Schools have proven to be a soft target for data gathering and marketing. Not only are they eager to adopt technology that promises better learning, but their lack of resources makes them susceptible to offers of free technology, free programs and activities, free educational materials, and help with fundraising.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4) Missing What Data Can't Capture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer systems are most comfortable recording and analyzing quantifiable, structured data. The number of absences in a semester, say; or a three-digit score on a multiple-choice test that can be graded by machine, where every question has just one right answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about a semester-long group project where one student overcame her natural tendency to procrastinate, excelled in the design and construction of Odysseus's ship out of cardboard, but then plagiarized part of the explanatory text? What about a student who manages \"only\" 10 absences despite changing living situations three times during the semester? Can dashboards reflect these complexities?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5) Exposing Students' \"Permanent Records\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/financial-services-and-commerce/use-of-credit-info-in-employ-2013-legis.aspx\">several states have passed laws\u003c/a> banning employers from looking at the credit reports of job applicants. Employers want people who are reliable and responsible. But privacy advocates argue that a past medical issue or even a bankruptcy shouldn't unfairly dun a person who needs a fresh start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, for young people who get in trouble with the law, there is a procedure for sealing juvenile records, because it's understood that even grave mistakes shouldn't haunt young people forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educational transcripts, unlike credit reports or juvenile court records, are currently considered fair game for gatekeepers like colleges and employers. These records, though, are getting much more detailed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arguably, they more closely resemble credit reports, court records or even psychological dossiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ClassDojo, for example, reports on students' \"Perseverance,\" \"Teamwork,\" \"Leadership,\" \"Resourcefulness\" and \"Curiosity.\" That kind of information in the past would come, if at all, from carefully curated recommendation letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's certainly imaginable that both colleges and employers will want to see this info now that it's available in a broader, more accessible format. Should they have access to it? Only if it's beneficial or if it's damaging as well? Who decides?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Doubts+About+Data-Driven+Schools&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/45396/whats-at-risk-when-schools-focus-too-much-on-student-data","authors":["byline_mindshift_45396"],"categories":["mindshift_195"],"tags":["mindshift_561","mindshift_631","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20985","mindshift_117","mindshift_20898"],"featImg":"mindshift_45402","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 26, 2024 6:45 PM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/mindshift?tag=motivation":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":12,"items":["mindshift_58698","mindshift_58487","mindshift_53426","mindshift_51787","mindshift_51693","mindshift_48578","mindshift_47712","mindshift_47195","mindshift_45396"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift_20985":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20985","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20985","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"motivation","slug":"motivation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"motivation Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":20257,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/motivation"},"mindshift_193":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_193","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"193","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Teaching Strategies","slug":"teaching-strategies","taxonomy":"category","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Teaching Strategies Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":193,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/teaching-strategies"},"mindshift_21319":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21319","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21319","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"#DisruptTexts","slug":"disrupttexts","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"#DisruptTexts Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20591,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/disrupttexts"},"mindshift_21403":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21403","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21403","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"curriculum","slug":"curriculum","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"curriculum Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20675,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/curriculum"},"mindshift_20711":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20711","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20711","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"embodied learning","slug":"embodied-learning","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"embodied learning Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19988,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/embodied-learning"},"mindshift_20646":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20646","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20646","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"English Language Arts","slug":"english-language-arts","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"English Language Arts Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19923,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/english-language-arts"},"mindshift_20839":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20839","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20839","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"social justice","slug":"social-justice","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"social justice Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20117,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/social-justice"},"mindshift_20616":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20616","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20616","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"student engagement","slug":"student-engagement","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"student engagement Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19893,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/student-engagement"},"mindshift_20557":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20557","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20557","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"student motivation","slug":"student-motivation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"student motivation Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19834,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/student-motivation"},"mindshift_20827":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20827","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20827","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Motivation","slug":"motivation","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Motivation Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20105,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/motivation"},"mindshift_21093":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21093","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21093","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"adolescence","slug":"adolescence","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"adolescence Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20365,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/adolescence"},"mindshift_20568":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20568","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20568","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parenting","slug":"parenting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parenting Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19845,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parenting"},"mindshift_21417":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21417","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21417","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"self-efficacy","slug":"self-efficacy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"self-efficacy Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20689,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/self-efficacy"},"mindshift_20892":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20892","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20892","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"autonomy","slug":"autonomy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"autonomy Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20170,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/autonomy"},"mindshift_21260":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21260","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21260","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"choice","slug":"choice","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"choice Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20532,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/choice"},"mindshift_1028":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_1028","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"1028","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"collaboration","slug":"collaboration","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"collaboration Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1033,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/collaboration"},"mindshift_20784":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20784","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20784","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"featured","slug":"featured","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"featured Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20061,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/featured"},"mindshift_1040":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_1040","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"1040","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"full-image","slug":"full-image","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"full-image Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1045,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/full-image"},"mindshift_21266":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21266","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21266","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"situational motivation","slug":"situational-motivation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"situational motivation Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20538,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/situational-motivation"},"mindshift_192":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_192","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"192","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Big Ideas","slug":"big-ideas","taxonomy":"category","description":"The latest findings from experts in the field related to the future of learning.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Big Ideas Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"The latest findings from experts in the field related to the future of learning.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":192,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/big-ideas"},"mindshift_21211":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21211","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21211","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Dungeons & Dragons","slug":"dungeons-dragons","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Dungeons & Dragons Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20483,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/dungeons-dragons"},"mindshift_550":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_550","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"550","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Reading","slug":"reading","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Reading Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":553,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/reading"},"mindshift_20774":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20774","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20774","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"role-playing games","slug":"role-playing-games","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"role-playing games Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20051,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/role-playing-games"},"mindshift_20931":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20931","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20931","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tabletop role-playing games","slug":"tabletop-role-playing-games","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tabletop role-playing games Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20203,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/tabletop-role-playing-games"},"mindshift_851":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_851","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"851","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"writing","slug":"writing","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"writing Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":854,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/writing"},"mindshift_20984":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20984","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20984","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"agency","slug":"agency","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"agency Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20256,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/agency"},"mindshift_20589":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20589","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20589","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"anxiety","slug":"anxiety","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"anxiety Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19866,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/anxiety"},"mindshift_20865":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20865","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20865","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mental health","slug":"mental-health","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mental health Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20143,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/mental-health"},"mindshift_498":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_498","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"498","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"play","slug":"play","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"play Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":501,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/play"},"mindshift_20954":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20954","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20954","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"self-control","slug":"self-control","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"self-control Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20226,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/self-control"},"mindshift_20649":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20649","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20649","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"character","slug":"character","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"character Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19926,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/character"},"mindshift_21118":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21118","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21118","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"extrinsic motivation","slug":"extrinsic-motivation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"extrinsic motivation Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20390,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/extrinsic-motivation"},"mindshift_20772":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20772","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20772","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"intrinsic motivation","slug":"intrinsic-motivation","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"intrinsic motivation Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20049,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/intrinsic-motivation"},"mindshift_20934":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20934","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20934","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"special education","slug":"special-education","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"special education Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20206,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/special-education"},"mindshift_21072":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21072","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21072","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"evidence-based teaching","slug":"evidence-based-teaching","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"evidence-based teaching Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20344,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/evidence-based-teaching"},"mindshift_21074":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21074","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21074","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"feedback","slug":"feedback","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"feedback Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20346,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/feedback"},"mindshift_381":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_381","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"381","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"research","slug":"research-2","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"research Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":382,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/research-2"},"mindshift_79":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_79","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"79","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Stanford","slug":"stanford","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Stanford Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":79,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/stanford"},"mindshift_392":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_392","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"392","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"math","slug":"math","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"math Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":393,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/math"},"mindshift_841":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_841","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"841","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mindfulness","slug":"mindfulness","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mindfulness Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":844,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/mindfulness"},"mindshift_20870":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20870","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20870","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"overparenting","slug":"overparenting","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"overparenting Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20148,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/overparenting"},"mindshift_20999":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20999","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20999","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"trauma-informed teaching","slug":"trauma-informed-teaching","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"trauma-informed teaching Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20271,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/trauma-informed-teaching"},"mindshift_195":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_195","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"195","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Digital Tools","slug":"digital-tools","taxonomy":"category","description":"How devices, software, and the Internet are changing the classroom dynamic.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Digital Tools Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"How devices, software, and the Internet are changing the classroom dynamic.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":195,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/digital-tools"},"mindshift_561":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_561","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"561","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"adaptive technology","slug":"adaptive-technology","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"adaptive technology Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":564,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/adaptive-technology"},"mindshift_631":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_631","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"631","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"data","slug":"data","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"data Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":634,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/data"},"mindshift_117":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_117","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"117","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"privacy","slug":"privacy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"privacy Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":117,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/privacy"},"mindshift_20898":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20898","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20898","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"student data","slug":"student-data","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"student data Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20176,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/student-data"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/mindshift/tag/motivation","previousPathname":"/"}}
